Bao Cao de Tai Proii

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC
Chng 1:
GII THIEU PRO/II

1.1 Mo phong va vai tro cua mo phong
Mo phong, tieng Anh la Simulation, ngay nay a tr thanh mot thuat ng quen
thuoc trong nhieu nganh, t cong nghiep nang cho en cong nghe vu tru va nen cong
nghiep giai tr.
Theo nh ngha cua t ien thuat ng khoa hoc ky thuat cua Nha xuat ban
MacGrawHill th thuat ng mo phong c hieu nh sau.
Mo phong la viec phat trien va s dung mo hnh may tnh e nghien cu he
ong hoc thc.
Vai tro cua mo phong cang ngay cang quan trong. Viec s dung mo phong a
giup con ngi tiet kiem c kha nhieu tien cua, tiet kiem c thi gian, giam bt
so lan th nghiem, va a giam thieu cac nguy c co the xay ra cho tnh mang va tai
san.
Trong nganh cong nghiep dau kh hien nay mo phong cung a chiem mot v tr
ang ke. Khi ma cac qua trnh khong the quan sat va cung kho co the biet c
phng cach ma chung xay ra nh the nao th mo phong a giup cho cac ky s ieu
o.
1.2 Cac phan mem mo phong s dung trong cong nghiep dau kh
Nen cong nghiep dau kh co quy mo to ln, t cac qua trnh khai thac en che
bien eu co cac phan mem mo phong tng ng. Cac phan mem nay rat a dang,
nhng tu chung co the phan chia chung thanh cac loai sau:
n Cac phan mem dung cho thiet ke: ien hnh nh phan mem thiet ke ng ong
OLGA 2000, phan mem thiet ke va mo phong ng ong PipeSim cua cong ty
Schlumberger.
n Cac phan mem mo phong cac qua trnh thc e ho tr ao tao: ay la dang pho
bien khong ch trong cong nghiep dau kh ma trong phan ln cac nganh hien nay. Nh
la viec mo phong cac phan xng, cac nha may thc e giup cho qua trnh ao tao.
n Cac phan mem mo phong va tnh toan cac qua trnh thc: Pro/II la thuoc dang
phan mem nay.
n Cac phan mem toi u hoa: Cac phan mem nay chuyen dung hn cho muc ch
toi u hoa.
Hien nay hai phan mem mo phong tnh toan cac qua trnh pho bien nhat la
HYSYS va Pro/II. Ca hai phan mem nay hien c cac cong ty trc thuoc tong cong ty
dau kh Viet Nam s dung rong rai.
Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG
Trang - 3 -
Ve c ban hai phan mem Pro/II va HYSYS.Plant tng oi giong nhau ve ban
chat. Neu a co dp tiep xuc vi ca hai, th de nhan thay mot ieu la mo hnh nhiet
ong cua hai phan mem eu c xay dng tren cung mot nen tang ly thuyet. V vay
ket qua se khong sai khac bao nhieu. Mac khac cac mo hnh thiet b cua hai ben cung
tng t nhau. iem noi bat cua HYSYS la giao dien than thien hn, tng thch vi
nhieu he ieu hanh va cach truy xuat ket qua tot hn, giup cho ngi dung de oc va
de phan tch hn so vi Pro/II. Mac khac nh ra i sau nen HYSYS a kp hieu chnh
cac thieu sot cua Pro/II, HYSYS co nhieu mo hnh thiet b hn, kha nang tnh toan
thiet ke cao hn, kem theo o la cac mo hnh thiet b ieu khien nh LIC. Tuy nhien
theo anh gia cua toi th mac du kem hn HYSYS ve cac mat tren nhng Pro/II co
nhng u iem sau:
+ Cong ty san xuat Pro/II co nhieu kinh nghiem hn
+ Pro/II co nhieu moun phu tr, co the ap dung cho nhieu qua trnh, t che tho en
che bien sau, cho ca lnh vc hoa dau, moi trng va dc pham
+ Pro/II co kem theo nhieu nguon tai lieu, giup cho ngi dung hieu ro hn ve ban
chat chng trnh, t o giup ho mo hnh hoa cac phan xng len may tnh de dang
hn va giup ho anh gia ket qua cua chnh mnh.
1.3 Gii thieu ve Pro/II

1.3.1 Pro/II va ng dung Pro/II
Pro/II la mot trong nhng san pham cua to hp
SIMSCI, c thanh lap t nam 1957 chuyen ve thiet
ke cac phan mem mo phong trong cong nghe hoa hoc,
ac biet la ve nen cong nghiep loc hoa dau. Hien nay
san pham cua to hp nay kha a dang, bao gom cac
phan mem ve thiet ke cac thiet b, ng ong, tnh toan
kinh te
Phan mem thiet ke mo phong Pro/II la san pham au tien cua SIMSCI, la ket qua
cua 4 lan nang cap t chng trnh au tien nam 1967 en nam 1988 th chnh thc ra
i vi ten goi Pro/II. Chng trnh nay khong ngng c nang cap va hien nay a co
phien ban mi nhat la 6.0,( e tai nay ang s dung phien ban 5.1)
Phan mem nay co the ng dung vao nhieu qua trnh:
X ly dau/ kh
Tinh che
Hoa dau
Trang - 4 -
Polyme
Dc pham
T van va thiet ke xay dng
Cac ng dung mo phong gom:
Thiet ke mi cac qua trnh
c tnh cau hnh thiet b
Hien ai hoa va nang cap cac thiet b cu
G roi va lam thong suot cac quy trnh thiet b
anh gia cac van e moi trng cua nha may
Kiem tra, toi u hoa, cai tien hieu suat va li nhuan cua nha may.
1.3.2 Giao dien cua Pro/II
1.3.2.1 Khi ong Pro/II

e khi ong chng trnh kch oi chuot vao bieu tng cua chng trnh t menu
Star. Ca so chao mng cua Pro/II xuat hien. Ca so nay co cha cac thong tin ve cac
m va cac mau khoa c dung trong chng trnh.
Hnh 1.1: Ca so chnh cua chng trnh

Luc nay co the m mot file mo phong mi ( chon File/New ), m mot file a co (
chon File/Open ), hay nhap mot file keyword ( chon File/Import ).
Trang - 5 -
1.3.2.2 Cac nut cong cu

Nut
Chc nang
M mot ca so quan sat
khac cho lu o
Dau hay hien th bang noi
PFD
Cung cap cac mo ta c ban
cho d an mo phong
Thiet lap he n v cho
moi d an mo phong.
Chon cac cau t
Thiet lap d lieu cho cac
cau t
Chon cac phng phap
nhiet ong hoc
Bo sung cutpoint cho
ng TBP va cac phng
phap tnh chat hoa.
nh ngha cac d lieu
phan ng
Nhap vao cac thu tuc tnh
ong hoc phan ng
nh ngha qua trnh
nghien cu mau
Thiet lap trnh t tnh toan
nh ngha cac bc lap
va mc o hoi tu
Hien th ca so thu nho s
o mo phong
Nut
Chc nang
Tm kiem thiet b tren s
o hien hanh
Tm kiem dong tren s o
hien hanh
Thc hien viec tnh flash
cho dong c chon
Tao ra cac o th can bang
long hi cho 2 cau t
Chay d an mo phong
Dng d an mo phong
Xem ket qua cua thiet b
hay dong c chon
Tao ban bao cao cho d
an mo phong
Xoa cac oi tng hien
hanh tren s o
Phong to hay thu nho s
o cong nghe
Hien th toan bo s o
cong nghe
Phong to mot vung tren s
o cong nghe
Xoa tat ca cac oi tng
la tren man hnh
The hien phan giup cho
oi tng c ch en
Trang - 6 -
1.3.2.3 Y ngha cua cac loai mau khoa tren man hnh
e bao hieu tnh trang mo phong hien hanh, Pro/II s dung bo mau khoa, moi
mau se tng ng vi moi trang thai mo phong. Ngi dung co the tuy bien cac mau
khoa bang cach vao ca so Set Colors bang cach chon Option/Colors t thanh
menu.
Mau
o
Xanh Luc
Xanh
Vang
Xam
en
Y Ngha
D lieu bat buoc
D lieu la chon hay mac nh
D lieu cung cap bi ngi dung
D lieu nghi van. Canh bao rang d lieu ma ngi dung
cung cap nam ngoai khoang bnh thng.
Vung d lieu khong co san cho ngi dung
D lieu khong bat buoc nhap.
Bang 1-1: Y ngha cac loai mau khoa
1.4 C ban ve mot d an mo phong

Pro/II cho phep ngi dung co nhieu phng phap chon la e nhap d lieu.
oi vi nhieu muc d lieu la mac nh. Cac mau khoa se cho ngi dung biet khi
nao d lieu la bat buoc, khi nao la mac nh, khi nao nam ngoai khoang thong
thng
Mac du Pro/II a co muc canh bao khi d lieu bat buoc b thieu, nhng cach
tot nhat khi nhap d lieu la theo tnh logic. Lay v du : muc thanh phan dong se phu
thuoc vao cac cau t c chon; mot so thiet b, v du nh flash drum, co cac tnh
chat phu thuoc vao cac d lieu nhiet ong hoc V nhng ly do tren nen khi xay
dng mot s o cong nghe dung e mo phong can theo cac bc sau:
1. Ve lu o
2. La chon he n v
3. Xac nh cac cau t cho d an
4. Chon cac phng phap nhiet ong hoc va tnh chat van chuyen
5. Cung cap cac d lieu cho dong
6. Cung cap cac ieu kien lam viec cho qua trnh
7. Chay d an mo phong
Tren ay ch la nhng bc c ban e chng trnh chay, thc te e thc hien mo
phong mot qua trnh thc, hay mot phan xng th bc au tien va vo cung quan
trong o chnh la lap mo hnh mo phong. bc nay ngi dung phai n gian hoa
s o cong nghe thc, bo i nhng thiet b khong can thiet, chuyen oi cac mo hnh
thc thanh mo hnh ly thuyet.
Sau khi chng trnh chay va co ket qua (mau khoa cua man hnh chuyen sang mau
xanh) th bc cuoi cung o chnh la oc va phan tch ket qua cua chng trnh. V
Trang - 8 -
ngon ng chnh cua chng trnh la tieng Anh, nen bang bao cao se c trnh bay
bang ngon ng nay. Tuy nhien khong qua kho e oc, ieu quan trong la ngi dung
se phan tch va x ly cac thong tin co c t bang bao cao. Ket qua co phu hp vi
cac so lieu thc hay khong, neu sai th mc o sai so co chap nhan c khong,
nguyen nhan nao dan ti sai so tat ca eu phu thuoc vao trnh o, vao ky nang
ngi dung.
Trang - 9 -
CHNG 2:
NG DUNG PRO/II VAO CAC QUA TRNH CHE

BIEN DAU KH
Pro/II la chng trnh mo phong tnh toan, cac qua trnh mo phong eu trang
thai tnh-trang thai ma cac hien tng xay ra khong phu thuoc thi gian. V the ma
cac thiet b ieu khien va o lng se khong co. Cac ng dung mo phong sau ay
cung vay. Ket qua cua qua trnh mo phong eu la ket qua cua trang thai tnh, ngha
la ngi dung se khong thay anh hng trc quan cua viec thay oi mot thong so
ieu khien len qua trnh lam viec cua thiet b giong nh vi cac phan mem mo phong
ieu khien dung cho qua trnh ao tao. Ket qua t chng trnh se la ket qua tnh
toan c ma phan mem mo phong ieu khien khong cho thay c. o la can bang
vat chat, o la cac tnh chat hoa ly, cac tnh chat ac trng nh RVP, iem hoa uc,
RON Trong cac ng dung co dung chc nang Case-Study e thay oi mot so thong
so nham a ra mot cai nhn ve s anh hng cua viec thay oi nay len cac thong so
khac cua qua trnh. Tuy nhien,du thay oi nh the nao th chng trnh van chay theo
cac thong so lam viec a thiet lap (ay chnh la trng hp c ban)-va viec tnh toan
ket qua thay oi cung phai ap ng c nhu cau nay. Lay v du khi thay oi lu
lng dong vao cua mot thap chng cat e xem lu lng hoi lu thay oi nh the
nao, chng trnh se tnh s thay oi dong hoi lu nhng van phai bao am rang cac
thong so van hanh a thiet lap (SPEC) la khong oi. V the ma neu xet anh hng
cua cac thong so khac en chat lng san pham la khong the c, ch co the xet
ngc lai, ngha la chat lng san pham se anh hng en cac thong so van hanh
nh the nao.
2.1 MO PHONG VA THIET KE THAP C-02 CUA NHA MAY GGP
2.1.1 Van e
Mo hnh hoa thap C-02 t cac d lieu thc nghiem. T o thiet ke thap nay va
so sanh gia ket qua cua chng trnh vi so lieu thc tien. Bang mo hnh toi u hoa
cua chng trnh ra a nap lieu toi u sao cho cong suat cua noi tai un la nho nhat.
Nghien cu anh hng cua ap suat va nhiet o cua dong nguyen lieu len che o van
hanh cua thap.
2.1.2 Cac d lieu thc te
Thap C-02 co 30 a thc, dang a van, co mot thiet b ngng tu nh va
mot noi tai un dang Kettle ay. Dong nguyen lieu i vao thap co thanh phan va
ieu kien c cho bang 2-1. Cac yeu cau phan tach c cho bang 2-2. ieu
kien lam viec cua thap : ap suat nh 11 bar va ap suat ay la 11.5 bar.
Trang - 10 -
Cau t
Cau t
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
Phan mol
C2
0.011
C3
0.5528
iC4
0.1716
nC4
0.2569
iC5
0.0055
0.0020
nC5
Tong
0.9999
Bang 2-1: Thanh phan san pham nh
Phan mol
0.0087
0.4369
0.1357
0.2056
0.0609
Cau t
nC5
nC6
nC7
nC8
nC9
nC10
Phan mol
0.0666
0.0532
0.0242
0.0056
0.0020
0.0006
-Lu lng (tan/ngay)
1451
-Ap suat
(bar)
11.5
0
-Nhiet o ( C)
73
Bang 2-2: Thanh phan va ieu kien cua nguyen lieu
2.1.3 Lap mo hnh mo phong
Hnh 2.1 : Mo hnh mo phong va toi u thap C-02

Hieu suat thap c lay theo kinh nghiem la 73%, vay so a ly thuyet cua
thap tnh ca bnh ngng tu va noi tai un se la : 30x0.73 + 2 = 24 a. Noi tai un se
Trang - 11 -
c mo phong ung dang kettle, bnh ngng tu se la dang ngng tu mot phan. a
nap lieu la a so 8.
He nhiet ong hoc c chon la SRK. Hnh 2.1 la mo hnh mo phong thap
chng cat C-02.
a them mo hnh Optimizer va cung cap cac ieu kien can thiet.
2.1.4 Ket qua mo phong va thiet ke
2.1.4.1 Ket qua cua cac dong
Nguyen lieu
AY
NH
1473.4706
73
11.35
56.5558
Hon hp
308.9442
147.34
11.5
80.6358
Long
1164.526
58.27
11
50.1675
Hi
4289.7481
0.58
7174.11
0.7485
5422.189
0.49
8.70E-03
0.4369
0.1357
0.2056
1.58E-14
8.11E-08
4.41E-04
0.0118
0.011
0.5528
0.1716
0.257
0.0609
0.2723
PENTANE
0.3072
0.0666
HEXANE
0.0532
0.2537
HEPTANE
0.1154
0.0242
OCTANE
5.60E-03
0.0267
NONANE
2.00E-03
9.54E-03
DECANE
6.00E-04
2.86E-03
Bang 2-3: Thanh phan va ieu kien cua cac dong
2.1.4.2Ket qua tong quan cho thap C-02
Ty so hoi lu
4.82E-03
2.77E-03
1.48E-06
1.82E-09
6.01E-13
3.66E-16
1.66E-19
Lu lng, kgmol/h
Nhiet o, oC
Ap suat, atm
Khoi lng phan t
Pha
Entanpi, kcal/kg-Mol
Cp, KCAL/KG-C
Cau t
ETHANE
PROPANE
IBUTANE
BUTANE
IPENTANE
Dong hoi lu/ nguyen lieu

Dong hoi lu/dong distillal
Mol
0.7087
0.8967
Khoi lng The tch

0.6698
0.6843
0.9554
0.9265
Bang 2-4: Ty so hoi lu cua thap C-02
Trang - 12 -

Lu lng
a
Nhiet o Ap suat Long

0C
ATM
Hi
Nguyen lieu San pham Cong suat nhiet

M*KJ/HR
KG-MOL/HR
1C
58.3
11.00
1041.7
63.7
11.02
1029.1 2206.3
66.3
11.04
1018.1 2193.6
67.9
11.07
1006.4 2182.6
69.1
11.09
993.9 2170.9
70.2
11.11
980.8 2158.5
71.4
11.13
966.6 2145.4
72.6
11.15
948.7 2131.1
74.1
11.17
917.6 2113.2
10
76.5
11.20
1011.7 2082.2
266.4M
11
80.3
11.22
1603.3 1909.8
1207.0M
12
89.2
11.24
1632.2 1294.3
13
95.7
11.26
1650.8 1323.3
14
101.0
11.28
1658.3 1341.8
15
105.9
11.30
1660.4 1349.4
16
110.6
11.33
1662.8 1351.5
17
115.3
11.35
1668.9 1353.9
18
119.6
11.37
1678.6 1360.0
19
123.5
11.39
1688.9 1369.6
20
126.8
11.41
1695.8 1380.0
21
129.8
11.43
1693.4 1386.9
22
133.2
11.46
1671.9 1384.5
23
138.1
11.48
1610.7 1363.0
24R
147.4
11.50
1301.8
1164.5V
-17.9456
308.9L
27.1930
Bang 2-5: Ket qua tong quan cho thap C-02

2.1.4.3 Ket qua thiet ke
So lieu a vao:
-Dang a: a van, 4 dong 1 bc
-Khoang cach cac a: 0.6096 m
Ket qua:
- Chng trnh se tnh ng knh cua moi a va chon ng kch thap la
ng knh ln nhat cua cac a. D = 2.591 m
- So van tren mot a: 470
- ng knh van: 47.6250 mm
Trang - 13 -
Kch thc cua ong chay chuyen nh sau:

+ ong chay chuyen ben: 211.498 mm
+ ong chay chuyen gia: 157.233 mm
+ ong chay chuyen lech tam: 176.044 mm
Sau o chng trnh se cap nhat cac so lieu a tnh c va se tnh lai mot so kch
thc, cung nh he so ngap lut, o sut ap cua tng a. Ket qua nam bang bao cao
cua chng trnh.

2.1.4.4 Ket qua toi u hoa
Chng trnh a cho ket qua a nap lieu toi u se la a so 10 (gia tr tnh c la
10.29). Ngoai ra chng trnh se cho ket qua thiet ke ng vi trng hp toi u.
a nap lieu
Ket qua cha toi u Ket qua toi u

8
10
Cong suat noi tai un (106 kcal/h)

6.8282
6.5070
6
Cong suat thiet b ngng tu (10 kcal/h)
-4.6183
-4.2965
Ty so hoi lu (mol)
0.9637
0.8967
Ket qua thiet ke:
ng knh (mm)
2591
2438
So van tren mot a
470
401
Be rong ong chay chuyen (mm)
- ong chay chuyen ben
211.498
210.391
- ong chay chuyen gia
157.233
160.582
- ong chay chuyen lech tam
176.044
179.604
Bang 2-6: Ket qua toi u hoa
* Nhan xet: Vi a nap lieu la a so 10 th
- Noi tai un se tiet kiem c moi gi 321200 kcal. ay la mot con so tng oi ln
- Ty so hoi lu cung giam xuong con 0.8967
- Cac ket qua thiet ke cung cho thay se tiet kiem hn trong viec thiet ke.
2.1.4.5 Ket qua nghien cu mo hnh
Da tren s thay oi mot so thong so e nghien cu anh hng en qua trnh lam
viec cua thap bang chc nang Case Study cua chng trnh. Ket qua nh sau:
1. Anh hng cua viec thay oi ac tnh lam viec th hai (%C5 ay) len ty le hoi lu
va cong suat cua noi tai un nh sau:
%mol C5 trong san
pham ay
0.57950 0.52950 0.47950 0.42950 0.37950 0.32950
Ty so hoi lu
0.96376 0.64541 0.48349 0.35249 0.22124 0.03154
Cong suat noi tai un
(106 kcal/h)
6.82860 5.35250 4.59090 3.95790 3.33010 2.44750
Bang 2-7: Anh hng cua viec thay oi % C5 len ty so hoi lu va cong suat reboiler
Trang - 14 -
Qua bang 2-7 ta thay e han che C5+ i vao dong distillat th cong suat nhiet va ty le
hoi lu phai tang len rat nhieu. Lay v du e tang %C5 t 0.5295 len 0.5795 th phai
mat 1.4761 trieu kcal/h va ty so hoi lu cung tang len t 0.64541 en 0.96376.
2. Anh hng cua viec thay oi nhiet o dong nguyen lieu len cong suat cua thiet b
ngng tu va ty so hoi lu
Nhiet o dong
nguyen lieu 0C
73
103
133
163
193
223
Ty so hoi lu
0.96377
1.41310 1.62190 1.84070 2.08450 2.35280
Cong suat thiet b
ngng tu 106xkcal/h
-4.6185
-6.7691 -7.7689 -8.8155 -9.9825 -11.267
Cong suat noi tai un
(106 kcal/h)
6.82860
4.72370 4.25100 3.90720 3.61890 3.38950
Bang 2-8: Anh hng len ty so hoi lu va cong suat thiet b ngng tu
Qua bang 2-8 ta thay khi nhiet o dong nguyen lieu tang th lng nhiet can cung cap
cho noi tai un se giam, nhng bu lai se can phai tang cong suat cua cac thiet b lam
mat cho thiet b ngng tu (co the tan dung nguon nhiet nay). Va ty le hoi lu cung
tang khi nhiet o dong nguyen lieu tang.
2.2 MO PHONG PHAN XNG CHNG CAT KH QUYEN ADU
2.2.1 Van e
Do yeu cau va tnh hnh nhap khau dau tho, nguyen lieu cho phan xng chng
cat dau tho thay oi. Nguyen lieu cho phan xng trong thi gian ti se la mot loai
dau tho cua Indonesia. V vay can phai mo phong thap chng cat dau tho nham tm
ra cac ieu kien van hanh chnh xac, e am bao cong suat 120000 thung/ngay (
Khoang 19078.5 m3/ngay). San pham phai thoa man cac yeu cau ve chat lng thong
qua cac iem xac nh tren ng TBP va ng ASTM D-86.
Nghien cu s thay oi cong suat nhiet khi tang lng san pham Kerosen.
Nghien cu anh hng cua mot so thong so len mo hnh.
2.2.2 Nguyen lieu va san pham
Thiet b ngng tu
a tren cung (a 2)
Vung Flash (a 18)
ay thap
Thap stripping kerosen
Thap stripping diesel
Thap stripping gasoil
1.379 bara
1.600 bara
1.875 bara
1.910 bara
1.826 bara
1.875 bara
1.930 bara
Bang 2-9: So lieu ap suat
Dong
Lu lng
Nc loai ra
8750 kg/h
Naptha
170 m3/h
Kerosen
115 m3/h
Diesel
95 m3/h
AGO
150 m3/h
Can kh quyen
Cha biet
Bang 2-10 : Lu lng cac dong san pham
Trang - 15 -
Dau tho nguyen lieu co tnh chat c phan tch thong qua ng TBP va cac
hp phan nhe cho bang 2-11 Dau tho co o API la 29.2
ng TBP (760 mm Hg)
Hp phan nhe
%LV 0C
F
Cau t % LV
97.0
36.1
0.1
3
C2
149.0
65.0
0.2
5
C3
208.0
97.8
0.3
10
iC4
329.9
165.5
0.7
20
nC4
459.0
237.2
0.5
30
iC5
590.0
310.0
1.2
40
nC5
690.1
365.6
50
Tong
: 3%
770.0
410.0
60
865.0
462.8
70
980.1
526.7
80
1600.0
871.1
100
Ty trong trung bnh:
29.2 0API
Lu lng
5000 thung/h
Nhiet o
233 0C
Ap suat
14 psig (1.9785 bara)
Bang 2-11: D lieu ve dau tho i vao lo ong
Overflash (the tch)
0.03
Nhiet o thiet b ngng tu
43.4 0C
iem 95% D86 cua Naphtha 1710C
iem 95% D86 cua Kerosen 271 0C
iem 95% D86 cua Diesel
352 0C
iem 95% D86 cua Gasoil
475 0C
Bang 2-12: Cac yeu cau lam viec cua thap
2.2.3 Cac ieu kien lam viec
S o cong nghe va cac ieu kien lam viec cua thap chng cat thc c trnh
bay hnh 2.2. Tren s o gom co mot thap chnh va ba thap stripping. Cac thap
stripping s dung hi nc e stripping. Thap chnh bao gom thiet b ngng tu, khong
co reboiler ma thay vao o la dong hi co cong suat 10000 lb/h. Tat ca cac dong hi
c dung eu co ieu kien lam viec nh nhau : 60 psig, 600 F (5.08 atm, 333.3 0C).
ieu nay la hp ly vi cac phan xng thc, v thng cac dong hi eu c lay t
mot nguon. Thap chnh bao gom 42 a thc, co 3 dong hoi lu vong. V tr va cac
ieu kien cua cac dong hoi lu vong c cho tren hnh ve. V tr cac dong lay san
pham sn cung c cho tren hnh ve.
Trang - 16 -
Hnh 2.2 : S o cong nghe va cac ieu kien lam viec cua phan xng thc
2.2.4 D lieu va he nhiet ong hoc
He nhiet ong c dung la he Grayson-Streed, ay la tap hp cua nhieu phng
phap tnh. He nay phu hp cho viec tnh he so can bang K va entanpi cho cac d an
mo phong chng cat chan khong va kh quyen. Cung co the dung he Braun K-10,
nhng he nay to ra phu hp vi cac he chng cat chan khong hn.
e co c ket qua mo phong chnh xac oi hoi viec thiet lap cac tnh chat cua
dau tho cang chnh xac cang tot. Loi ln nhat thng xuat hien dong can kh
quyen, va co the dan ti cac ket qua toi khi mo phong thap chan khong vi dong
nguyen lieu la can kh quyen va tnh c. Cac tnh chat cua dau tho se cang chnh
xac neu co cac d lieu ve khoi lng phan t va trong lng.
Sau khi nhap cac d lieu vao, chng trnh se t ong tao ra mot so lng cac cau
t gia va cung t ong tnh iem soi, trong lng, khoi lng phan t cua chung. Cac
tnh chat nay sau o se c dung e tnh cac tnh chat can thiet khac.
e bo sung tnh chnh xac cua ng TBP, noi cach khac la lam cho ng TBP
co ve trn tru hn, tai iem 3%V nhap gia tr iem soi 97 F cua n-Pentan.
Trang - 17 -
Cac d lieu ve o nht va o dan nhiet c tao ra cac dong e s dung cho cac
phep tnh khac. Cac phng phap tnh cac tnh chat van chuyen c dung la phng
phap theo sach API.
Hnh 2.3: S o mo phong phan xng ADU

e lap c mo hnh mo phong tren may tnh ieu bat buoc la phai co c so
lieu ve so a ly thuyet tng ng vi so a thc cua thap. e tm c so a ly
thuyet co cac phng phap sau:
S dung hieu suat thap
S dung so a ly thuyet a c dung trong cac lan mo phong trc o
Tha nhan so a ly thuyet gap oi so a can thiet toi thieu tm c bang
mo hnh shortcut
Trong phan mo phong nay a s dung kinh nghiem san co ve hieu suat cua thap.
Tuy nhien hieu suat thap trong trng hp nay khong ong vai tro quan trong bi v
thap chan khong co the c mo phong t 18 en 24 a ly thuyet. Hieu suat thap a
cho la 46.5%. T o co the ket luan la so a ly thuyet cua thap se la: 42x43% 18
a. Cac thap stripping c tha nhan la co so a ly thuyet bang 2, ay cung la con
so phu hp vi hau het cac qua trnh tnh toan va mo phong cho thap chng cat.
Trang - 18 -
Thong thng nguyen lieu trc khi a vao thap se c a qua thiet b gia
nhiet (thng la cac lo ot). Trong mo hnh mo phong cung co the a vao e tnh
thiet b gia nhiet nay. Mac du Pro/II khong co mo hnh lo ot, nhng co the mo
phong lo ot nh la mot a ly thuyet ong vai tro thiet b gia nhiet. Nguyen lieu
c xem la trang thai long ap suat thiet lap cua Flash Zones, e am bao khong
co qua trnh bay hi xay ra va toan bo nguyen lieu se nam tren a nap lieu. Cong
suat cua lo ot se c tnh e thoa man lng long xac nh quay tr lai Flash
Zones.
Nh vay cung vi thiet b ngng tu c xem nh mot a ly thuyet th thap se co
18+2=20 a ly thuyet.
Cac ac tnh lam viec ay bao gom: 1 ac tnh lam viec cua thap chnh, va 3
ac tnh lam viec cho cac thap stripping. Cac ac tnh o (SPEC) se the hien qua chat
lng san pham a neu bang 2-12, thng th thiet lap bang iem 95% se cho ket
qua hoi tu tot. Neu phan au cua ng cong co s khac biet ln th nen nhap cac
iem 5% vao. Cac bien (VARY) e thoa man cac ac tnh la: cong suat cua thiet b
ngng tu va lu lng cac dong san pham sn cua thap chnh.
Lu lng cua cac dong hoi lu vong c tnh e thoa man cong suat lam lanh
mong muon va nhiet o tra ve.
Khi thiet lap cong suat nhiet cua cac thiet b lam lanh sn, can phai lu y en
gia tr cong suat da tren lu lng cua dong hoi lu vong o c. Co nhieu loi
khong chnh xac gay anh hng ac biet nghiem trong, va neu qua trnh lam lanh
qua nhieu se dan ti viec lam kho dong long ang chay t a pha tren xuong thiet
b lam lanh. Khi co qua trnh lam kho xay ra se dan ti loi trong trnh t tnh toan,
ieu nay phan anh cac loi xay ra trong qua trnh van hanh thap thc. Neu cong suat
cua dong hoi lu vong khong co san, chung se c tnh e thoa man lng long
quay lai a nh. Mo hnh c tnh (IEG) c dung ay la REFINERY.
V nhiet o cua dong dau i ra t lo ot th khong bang vi nhiet o cua Flash
Zones. e tnh nhiet o cua lo ot ta a them vao thiet b Flash, va thiet lap cong
suat cua thiet b nay nh la cong suat a tnh c cua lo ot. Va s o cong nghe
mo phong se giong nh hnh 2.3
2.2.6 Ket qua va phan tch ket qua
ay ch trnh bay cac ket qua tom tat, ket qua cu the xin xem trong ban bao cao
cua chng trnh kem theo a. Ket qua cu the bao gom rat nhieu thong tin nh:
Thanh phan va tnh chat cua cac dong , can bang vat chat cua thap, so lieu ve ng
TBP va ASTM cua cac dong, can bang long hi tai moi a va cac ket qua cu the
khac tuy vao nh dang cua ngi dung.
Trang - 19 -

Nguyen
lieu trc
khi vao lo
ot
Lu lng,
kgmol/h
Nguyen
lieu sau
khi vao lo
ot
Naptha
Kerosen
Diesel
AGO
Can
2968.2594
2968.3
1302.207
461.8209
302.859
335.5965
581.2605
Nhiet o, oC
232.22
379.64
43.33
194.01
267.26
342.08
373.37
Ap suat, atm
1.95
1.85
1.36
1.8
1.85
1.91
1.88
235.5819
235.58
97.3379
173.88
247.7744
327.7475
528.9547
30612.61
56922
2074.937
17124.331
34660.26
0.5908
0.671
0.49
0.5986
0.6519
Khoi lng
phan t
Entanpi,
kcal/kg-Mol
Cp,
KCAL/KG-C
61199.43
107398.21
0.6997
0.7042
Bang 2-13 : Lu lng va tnh chat cua dong nguyen lieu va cac dong san pham
Chng trnh tao ra 39 cau t gia, t cau t NBP 44 en cau t NBP 842 (NBPXXX:
ch iem soi thng). Thanh phan cac cau t nay trong tng dong eu c tnh
nhng do qua dai nen khong c trnh bay ay. Chi tiet xin xem bang bao cao.
1. Ket qua cua thiet b flash drum dong nguyen lieu
So lieu au vao Gia tr tnh
Nhiet o, C
379.73
Ap suat, ATM
nh ngha
1.85
o sut ap, ATM
1.0207E-01
Cong suat, M*KCAL/HR nh ngha
78.1485
Bang 2-14 : Ket qua cua thiet b bay hi dong nguyen lieu
2. Ket qua cua thap chng cat
Lu lng
a
1C
Nhiet o
0
C
Ap suat
ATM
Long
43.3
1.36
1338.9
Hi
Nguyen
lieu
San
pham
Cong suat nhiet

M*KCAL/HR
KG-MOL/HR
1304.0L
-36.0124
488.1W
2
134.3
1.58
4796.3
3131.0
155.9
1.60
2631.3
4253.5
171.9
1.61
2596.2
4423.4
181.4
1.63
2510.5
4388.3
2334.9P
-12.5998
2334.9P
Trang - 20 -

6
189.2
1.65
2367.6
4302.6
198.0
1.66
2134.0
4159.7
211.0
1.68
1255.2
3712.7
229.6
1.70
2948.3
3408.5
10
248.0
1.71
1716.0
3985.3
11
266.7
1.73
1490.8
3869.3
12
283.8
1.75
863.3
3441.6
13
301.4
1.77
1804.8
3206.6
14
318.6
1.78
1067.9
3496.0
15
333.6
1.80
884.0
3411.2
16
347.3
1.82
228.2
3151.2
17
366.5
1.83
59.4
2869.9
18
378.8
1.85
685.0
2701.0
19
376.9
1.87
630.4
356.4
20
373.5
1.88
1/ 21
202.8
1.80
2/ 22
194.0
1.80
1/ 23
276.3
1.85
2/ 24
267.3
1.85
1/ 25
345.6
1.91
2/ 26
342.1
1.91
301.8
213.4V
574.6L
1116.2P
-12.5998
1116.2P
202.5V
392.5L
652.1P
-10.0798
652.1P
76.1V
374.5L
2970.3M
78.1485
251.8V
580.4L
574.6L
213.4V
100.7V
461.9L
392.5L
202.5V
113.3V
303.3L
374.5L
76.1V
37.8V
336.2L
Thap SS01
522.7
161.5
Thap SS02
350.5
160.5
Thap SS03
358.4
60.1
Bang 2-15 :Ket qua tong quan cho thap chng cat
Ket qua tnh cho dong hoi lu vong
Nhiet o 0C
a
T en
en
Phan long
T
en
Lu lng
KG-MOL/HR K*KG/HR STD M3/HR
14
13
318.6 232.2 1.0000 1.0000
652.09
179.012
203.70
10
248.0 154.4 1.0000 1.0000
1116.24
224.228
267.38
155.9 79.4 1.0000 1.0000
2334.91
304.105
388.75
Bang 2-16: Ket qua cac dong hoi lu vong

4. So lieu ve ng TBP cua nguyen lieu va san pham
Trang - 21 -

%LV
1
5
10
30
50
70
90
95
98
AGO
DIESEL FEED
KEROSEN NAPHTHA 1A
215.034 192.112 -20.996
117.567
-63.438 -20.996
314.417 251.166 64.203
171.552
6.096 64.203
335.563 265.778 97.903
182.947
33.941 97.903
367.576 293.352 237.254
205.219
77.384 237.254
388.541 312.773 365.454
224.012
103.219 365.454
412.219 331.849 462.503
244.343
131.851 462.503
455.529 357.507 671.439
271.666
166.222 671.439
473.889 368.875 767.982
283.368
177.855 767.982
505.17 389.025 842.098
305.741
190.824 842.098
Bang 2-17: So lieu ng TBP cho cac dong
ng TBP
oC
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100 0
Nguyen lieu
AGO
Diesel
Kerosen
Naphtha
20
40
60
80
100 %V
Hnh 2.4 : ng TBP cho nguyen lieu va san pham

2.2.7. Ket qua khi tang lng Kerosen
Sau khi a thanh lap c mo hnh mo phong va a so sanh vi so lieu thc
tien, ket luan cho thay la mo hnh to ra phu hp vi cac ieu kien thc. T o ta co
the thc hien viec thay oi cac thong so mo hnh e ap dung vao thc tien hay e
nghien cu tnh kinh te cua viec thay oi o.
Di ay se thc hien viec thay oi thong so nham gia tang lng san pham
kerosen. Van e at ra ay o la do yeu cau va gia ca cua gasoil va nhien lieu
phan lc thay oi, giam oc nha may quyet nh gia tang san lng kerosen va giam
lng naptha. Trc khi thc hien thay oi phan xng, bo phan kinh te can cac so
Trang - 22 -
lieu ky thuat e c tnh li nhuan. e thc hien viec thay oi, ta se chuyen cac vat
lieu phan cuoi cua naphtha sang phan au cua kerosen bang cach giam ac tnh
lam viec cua thap, iem D86 95% cua naphtha se giam t 1710C xuong 1650C. Tuy
nhien viec them cac vat lieu nhe vao kerosen se lam giam nhiet o chp la cua no.
e gia tang nhiet o chp la ta se gia tang lng hi nc stripping kerosen. iem
chp la co the chap nhan c khi iem D86 5% la 186 0C.
Ket qua c trnh bay tom tat cac bang 2-18 va 2-19, ket qua cu the nam
trong bao cao cua chng trnh.
Dong
Trng hp chuan
Trng hp tang lng
nhien lieu phan lc
Dong hi stripping
1814 kg/h
2443 kg/h
3
kerosen
173 m /h
167 m3/h
Naphtha
97.4 m3/h
105 m3/h
Kerosen
86.4 m3/h
84.9 m3/h
Diesel
126 m3/h
126 m3/h
Gasoil (AGO)
312 m3/h
312
Can
Bang 2-18: Lu lng dong cho hai trng hp
Cong suat (106 kcal/h)
Trng hp chuan
Trng hp tang lng

nhien lieu phan lc
Thiet b ngng tu
-36.02
-36.70
Hoi lu vong nh
-12.10
-12.60
Hoi lu vong diesel
-12.08
-12.60
Hoi lu vong AGO
-10.21
-10.08
Vung flash (lo ot)
79.02
78.18
Bang 2-19: So sanh cong suat nhiet cua 2 trng hp
* Viec m rong mo hnh nghien cu co the da tren cac chi tiet ve gia thanh cua san
pham, cac chi ph nhiet cua hi, noi tai un va thiet b ngng tu, t o dung mo hnh
optimizer e tm ra cac thong so van hanh toi u e thu c li nhuan toi a.
2.2.8 Nghien cu mo hnh
2.2.8.1 Anh hng cua nhiet o dong hoi lu vong quay ve thap
* Xet anh hng len khoi lng phan t cac dong naptha, 15 va 17
Nhiet o hoi lu vong ay oC
Nhiet o hoi lu vong gia oC
Hoi lu vong nh oC
KLPT dong 17
KLPT dong 15
KLPT dong naptha
232.22
154.44
79.444
238.19
169.21
97.339
242.22
164.44
89.444
237.98
169.15
97.334
252.22
174.44
99.444
237.74
169.09
97.329
262.22
184.44
109.44
237.44
169.02
97.323
272.22
194.44
119.44
237.07
168.93
97.316
Trang - 23 -
Nhiet o tra ve cua cac dong hoi lu vong khong anh hng en ban chat cua cac
dong 15, 17 va naptha
* Xet anh hng len lu lng dong 15, 17, naptha, kerosen va diesel
Nhiet o hoi lu vong ay oC
Nhiet o hoi lu vong gia oC
Hoi lu vong nh oC
Lu lng dong naptha
+ kg/h
+ m3/h
Lu lng dong 15
+ kg/h
+ m3/h
Lu lng dong kerosen
+ kg/h
+ m3/h
Lu lng dong 17
+ kg/h
+ m3/h
Lu lng dong diesel,
+ kg/h
+ m3/h
232.22
154.44
79.444
242.22
164.44
89.444
252.22
174.44
99.444
262.22
184.44
109.44
272.22
194.44
119.44
126750 126730 126700 126670 126630

173.04 173.02 172.98 172.94 172.9
97228
119.06
97091
118.91
96934
118.72
96747
118.5
96519
118.23
80316
97.849
80184
97.697
80032
97.515
79851
97.302
79631
97.041
93401
108.56
93297
108.45
93169
108.32
92997
108.14
92759
107.89
75077
86.716
74976
86.611
74853
86.479
74687
86.304
74461
86.056
Nhiet o tra ve cua cac dong hoi lu vong tang lam giam lu lng cua cac dong 15,
17, naptha, kerosen va diesel.
* Xet anh hng len ty so hoi lu
Nhiet o hoi lu vong ay oC 232.22 242.22 252.22 262.22 272.22
Nhiet o hoi lu vong gia oC 154.44 164.44 174.44 184.44 194.44
Hoi lu vong nh oC
79.444 89.444 99.444 109.44 119.44
3
Lu lng dong hoi lu, m /h 177.48 177.89 178.32 178.89 179.61
Ty so hoi lu (mol)
0.746 0.7478 0.7497 0.7522 0.7554
Nhiet o tra ve cua cac dong hoi lu vong lam tang ty so hoi lu va tat nhien lam
lng hoi lu tang.
* Nh tren a e cap viec thay oi cac thong so nay se khong lam anh hng en
chat lng san pham, bi chng trnh se ch tnh rieng anh hng cua cac thong so
nay va van bao am yeu cau lam viec cua thap.
6.2 Anh hng cua viec thay oi chat lng san pham
Trang - 24 -
ay xet anh hng lan lt cua viec tang iem 95% tren ng ASTM D86 cua
dong naptha, kerosen, diesel len cong suat cua lo ot (nhiet o cua dong nguyen lieu
i vao thap) , va len cac dong nguyen lieu i vao thap stripping
D86-95% cua NAPTHA
171.1 176.1 181.1 186.1 191.1
6
Cong suat lo ot (10 kcal/h)
78.154 78.081 78.045 77.97 77.901
0
Nhiet o nguyen lieu C
379.75 379.62 379.56 379.43 379.31
Bang 2-20: Anh hng cua chat lng naptha
D86-95% cua KEROSEN
271.1 276.1 281.1 286.1
6
78.155 78.393 78.748 79.049
0
379.75 380.17 380.79 381.31
3
119.07 125.51 133.85 140.12
Lu lng dong 15 (m /h)
Bang 2-21: Anh hng cua chat lng kerosen
291.1
79.426
381.97
147.46
D86-95 cua DIESEL

351.67 356.67 361.67 366.67
6
78.153 76.714 74.748 73.075
0
379.75 377.23 373.76 370.82
3
Lu lng dong 17 (m /h))
108.56 118.42 129.06 136.78
Bang 2-22 : Anh hng cua chat lng diesel
371.67
70.241
365.83
145.59
TBP-95 cua AGO

473.89 478.89 483.89 488.89
6
78.146 81.191 84.853 89.162
0
379.74 385.05 391.44 398.95
3
Lu lng dong 19 (m /h)
132.63 145.58 160.94 178.96
Bang 2-23: Anh hng cua chat lng AGO
493.89
94.231
407.79
199.51
D86-95% cua NAPTHA

171.1 176.1 181.1 186.1 191.1
D86-95% cua KEROSEN
271.1 271.1 271.1 271.1 271.1
D86-95 cua DIESEL
351.67 351.67 351.67 351.67 351.67
TBP-95 cua AGO
473.89 478.89 483.89 488.89 493.89
6
78.143 81.129 84.749 89.007 94.034
0
379.73 384.95 391.26 398.68 407.45
3
119.06 109.98 103.41 95.06 86.153
3
108.56 111.58 114.19 117.41 121.05
3
132.64 144.84 159.63 176.91 196.68
Bang 2-24: Anh hng cua viec thay oi ong thi chat lng 4 dong san pham
* Nhan xet:
Trang - 25 -
- Ch tr trng hp xet rieng cho dong diesel, cac trng hp con lai cong suat lo
ot va tat nhien la nhiet o nguyen lieu tang khi iem D85-95% tang. Qua cac bang
ta thay anh hng ong thi cua 4 dong len cong suat lo ot gan giong vi trng
hp tang iem TBP-95 cua AGO. Lu y cho trng hp nhiet o dong nguyen lieu
tang qua 4000C v ay la ngng gii han nhiet o, neu qua 4000C th dau se b phan
huy
- Khi iem D86-95% tang th lu lng cac dong 15, 17, 19 i vao thap stripping eu
tang. Tuy nhien co s phan phoi lai lu lng cac dong nay khi xet anh hng ong
thi cua chat lng 4 dong san pham. Co mot trng hp bat thng la cua dong 15
(bang 2-24), trong khi lu lng cac dong 17 va 19 tang th dong nay lai giam.
6.3 Anh hng cua viec cat hp phan nang cua dong nhe hn len iem D86-5%
cua dong nang hn
Khi giam gia tr iem D86-95% cua dong nhe hn se lam cho iem D86-5% cua
dong nang hn giam. ieu nay co the giai thch nh sau: Mac du cac cau t thuoc
vung 95% tr i la cac cau t nang cua dong nhe nhng lai chnh la cac cau t nhe
nhat (thuoc vung au) cua dong nang hn. Cac gia tr cu the c trnh bay di ay.
TBP95%-AGO
473.89 468.89 463.89 458.89 453.89
TBP5%-Can
378.09 372.64 364.72 356.32 349.97
Bang 2-25 : anh hng cua TBP-95% cua dong AGO len dong can
D86-95%-DIESEL
351.67 346.67 341.67 336.67 331.67
D86-5%-AGO
325.29 322.46 318.66 314.96 310.63
Bang 2-26: anh hng iem D86-95% cua dong diesel len dong AGO
D86-95%-KEROSEN
271.1 266.1 261.1 256.1 251.1
D86-5%-DIESEL
266.35 260.81 256.09 251.86 245.42
Bang 2-27: anh hng cua iem D86-95% cua dong kerosen len dong diesel
D86-95%-NAPTHA
171.1 166.1 161.1 156.1 151.1
D86-5%-KEROSEN
189.17 185.09 180.17 176.09 172.41
Bang 2-28: anh hng cua iem D86-95% cua dong naptha len dong ker osen
2.3 MO PHONG PHAN XNG LOAI NC TREN GIAN CPP
2.3.1 Van e
Mo phong qua trnh hoat ong cua phan xng loai nc s dung TEG tren gian
CPP. Lng TEG mat mat la mot trong cac ch tieu quan trong e anh gia chat
lng cua cum x ly nc. Da tren cac so lieu thc tien cua gian e c tnh lng
TEG mat mat hang nam do bay hi. T so lieu tnh c tren mo hnh co the so sanh
vi ket qua thc t o co the tm ra nguyen nhan e han che lng TEG mat mat
hang nam. So sanh ket qua khi dung DEG 97% thay the
Trang - 26 -
Nghien cu anh hng cua nong o TEG len chat lng dong kh kho va mot so
thong so khac.
2.3.2 Cac d lieu cua qua trnh
Dong nguyen lieu c thiet lap bang cach tron lan dong kh HC kho (dong 1G va
dong nc (dong 1W) e tao ra dong kh t thc (dong 1). Bang 4.1 trnh bay
thanh phan dong kem theo cac ieu kien nhiet cua 2 dong nguyen lieu va dong TEG
ngheo (dong 3). He n v c dung cho so lieu au vao la he n v Anh con so
lieu au ra la he SI.
Ten dong
Cau t
1 CO2
2 H2S
3 C1
4 C2
5 C3
6 iC4
7 nC4
8 iC5
9 nC5
10 nC6
11 nC7
12 H2O
13 TEG
Lu lng
3 (TEG ngheo)
%khoi lng
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.400
98.600
2.2712 m3/h (600
gal/h)
0
Nhiet o ( C)
26.67 (80 F)
26.67 (80 F)
54.44 (130 F)
Ap suat (atm)
50 (720 psig)
50 (720 psig)
50 (720 psig)
Bang 2-29 : Thanh phan va ieu kien cac dong
Thap
C-01
C-02
Ap suat
nh, atm
50
1.0068
1G (kh kho)
Phan mol
1.365
1.700
88.140
6.410
1.710
0.181
0.239
0.069
0.071
0.054
0.061
0.000
0.000
1.104*106 m3/ngay
1W (nc)
kg/ngay
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
380.34
0.000
380.34 kg/ngay
o sut ap
tong (atm)
0
0.068
San pham
SPEC
VARY
nh (kgmol/h)
1995.8
4.5359
Nhiet o
Cong suat
reboiler: 204.44 reboiler
0
C (400 F)
Bang 2-30: ieu kien lam viec va thong so ky thuat cua thap
Trang - 27 -
Hnh 2.5: S o cong nghe loai nc bang glycol ien hnh

Kh t i vao ay thap tiep xuc, o no bay len va gap dong TEG sach t
tren nh thap i xuong. Dong kh kho se i ra nh thap. Pha long i ra khoi ay thap
tiep xuc c giam ap nh van giam ap, ap suat au ra cua van la 60 psig. Sau o
dong long nay trao oi nhiet vi dong TEG ngheo tai thiet b trao oi nhiet HE-01,
e nang nhiet o len 170 F. Dong TEG giau sau khi qua HE-01 se c a qua bon
cha tach kh S-02, tai ay cac hyrocacbon hoa tan se c tach ra. Sau o dong
TEG giau se tiep tuc trao oi nhiet vi dong TEG ngheo i ra t ay thap tai sinh e
nang nhiet o len 240 F, roi i vao thap tai sinh. Dong TEG ngheo cung vi dong
TEG bo sung c bm P-01 a qua thiet b lam mat HE-03 e giam nhiet o xuong
con 130 F, roi i vao thap tiep xuc
2.3.3 Cac phng phap nhiet ong va d lieu
e tnh toan cac d lieu can bang va entanpi cho he loai nc bang glycol, ta
s dung goi d lieu ac biet GLYCOL cua chng trnh. Cac d lieu cha trong goi
nay c ieu chnh cho mot khoang rong cac gia tr nhiet o va ap suat ien hnh.
Thap tiep xuc c mo hnh hoa thanh thap co 3 a ly thuyet, khong co
reboiler va thiet b ngng tu.
Thap tai sinh co 3 a ly thuyet ke ca reboiler. Dong glycol giau c a vao
a th nhat. Trong trng hp muon a thiet b ngng tu vao th nen nhap vao gia
tr lu lng dong hoi lu va cong suat cua thiet b ngng tu se c chng trnh
tnh.
Thuat toan dung cho ca hai thap la thuat toan I/O.
Cung co the mo hnh hoa thap tai sinh co s dung kh stripping. Trong trng
hp nay th dung them mot thap co hai hoac ba a ly thuyet e mo phong.
e tao ra dong nguyen lieu thc i vao C-01, s dung mo hnh Flash S-01 e
tron ang nhiet hon hp nc va kh t nhien theo ty le a cho
Cac thiet b trao oi nhiet c mo phong bang mo hnh Simple HE.
Mo hnh SCAL Stream Calculator c dung e tao ra dong TEG bo sung.
e tnh lng TEG bo sung, tai ay tha nhan s mat mat TEG xay ra cac dong ra
Trang - 28 -
cua phan xng, bao gom: dong kh kho-dong 2, dong kh flash-dong 7, va dong hi
nc-dong 11.
Hnh 2.6 : S o mo phong
2.3.5 Ket qua

Ket qua thu c sau ba vong lap. Cong suat cua thap tai sinh la 156,4 Kcal/h,
cua bm glycol la 4.6 sc nga. Cong suat cua HE-01, HE-02, HE-03 tnh bang
Kcal/h lan lt la 71.6; 60.9; 106.5. Lu lng dong TEG bo sung la 5.571x10-3
kgmol/h.
Kh t nhien c loai nc t 0.8797 kgmol/h en 0.1106 kgmol/h, tng ng
vi thanh phan mol cua nc giam t 4.5x10-4 xuong con 5.7x10-5. Lu lng dong
TEG ngheo i vao thap tiep xuc la 18.847kgmol/h. Lng TEG mat mat do bay hi
hang nam xap x 1900 galon/nam vi he so hoat ong la 97% (loai tr mat mat do loi
cuon va s khong on nh cua cac thap).
1. Ket qua mo phong
* Ket qua cua cac dong
Lu lng, Kg-MOL/h
Kh t
Kh kho
TEG giau
TEG t thap
tai sinh
TEG ngheo i vao

thap tiep xuc
1943.221
1941.016
20.691
18.479
18.485
Nhiet o, C
26.670
29.010
27.060
204.440
54.440
Ap suat, atm
49.990
49.990
49.990
1.070
49.990
Khoi lng phan t
18.455
18.445
126.269
138.100
138.103
Trang - 29 -

Entanpi, Kcal/Kg-mol
Cp, Kcal/Kg-C
1038.315
1058.885
996.195
15922.559
3152.085
0.597
0.596
0.547
0.662
0.562
Cau t
CO2
1.360E-02
1.360E-02
4.195E-03
0.000
4.723E-09
HYSULFID
1.700E-02
1.670E-02
3.360E-02
0.000
6.018E-06
METHANE
8.810E-01
8.818E-01
2.080E-02
0.000
1.110E-10
ETHANE
6.410E-02
6.410E-02
3.662E-03
0.000
3.410E-10
PROPANE
1.710E-02
1.710E-02
2.494E-03
0.000
1.326E-09
IBUTANE
1.809E-03
1.801E-03
9.456E-04
0.000
2.516E-08
BUTANE
2.389E-03
2.373E-03
1.779E-03
0.000
1.141E-07
IPENTANE
6.897E-04
6.884E-04
1.915E-04
0.000
7.072E-10
PENTANE
7.097E-04
7.079E-04
2.383E-04
0.000
1.202E-09
HEXANE
5.398E-04
5.338E-04
6.195E-04
0.000
4.477E-08
HEPTANE
6.097E-04
6.000E-04
9.824E-04
0.000
9.349E-07
H2O
4.527E-04
5.699E-05
1.188E-01
9.140E-02
9.130E-02
TEG
0.000E+00
3.019E-07
8.118E-01
9.086E-01
9.087E-01
Ket Qua Cua Thap Tiep Xuc C-01

Lu lng
a Nhiet o, 0C
Ap suat Long
ATM
Hi
Nguyen lieu San pham Cong suat nhiet

106*KCAL/HR
KG-MOL/HR
29.0
49.99
19.9
27.2
49.99
19.9 1942.4
27.1
49.99
1942.5
18.5L
1941.0V
1943.2V
20.7L
Nguyen lieu va san pham

Dang
Dong Pha
en
i en
Lu lng
Nhiet nang
Phan long
t a a
KG-MOL/HR 106*KCAL/HR
Nguyen lieu
Long
1.0000
18.48
0.0583
Nguyen lieu
Hi
0.0000
1943.22
2.0177
San pham
Hi
0.0000
1941.02
2.0553
Long
1.0000
20.69
0.0206
San pham
Ket Qua Cua Thap Tai Sinh C-02
Trang - 30 -

Lu lng
a Nhiet o, 0C
Ap suat Long Hi
ATM
133.1
1.01
22.5
148.6
1.04
24.5
3R
204.4
1.07
Nguyen lieu
San pham
KG-MOL/HR
19.9M
Cong suat nhiet

106*KCAL/HR
1.4V
4.0
6.0
18.5L
0.1564
Nguyen lieu va san pham

Dang
Dong
Pha
en t a i en a Phan long
Lu lng
KGMOL/HR
Nhiet nang
106*KCAL/HR
Nguyen lieu
10
Mixed
0.9750
19.86
0.1504
Product
11
Vapor
0.0000
1.38
0.0126
Product
12
Liquid
1.0000
18.48
0.2942
Ket Qua Cua Thiet B Trao oi Nhiet

HE-01
Nguyen lieu
Vung nong
Vung lanh
13
5
San pham
Vung nong
Vung lanh
14
6
Nhiet o au ra vung nong, C
124.89
o sut ap vung nong, ATM

Phan long vung nong
Nhiet o au ra vung lanh, C
o sut ap vung lanh, ATM
Phan long vung lanh
6
Cong suat, 10 *KCAL/HR

FT
LMTD*FT, C
HE-02
HE-03
12
8
16
13
10
16
168.43
54.44
6.8046E-03 6.8046E-03 6.8046E-01

1.0000
1.0000
76.67
115.56
6.8046E-01 6.8046E-01
1.0000
0.00
0.9598
0.9964
0.0716
0.0609
0.1065
1.00
1.00
1.00
93.9494
90.3165
361.6512
Trang - 31 -
2.3.6 NGHIEN CU MO HNH
2.3.6.1 Ket qua khi thay TEG bang DEG 97%

* SO SANH KET QUA VI TRNG HP DUNG DEG
(cac ieu kien lam viec nh nhau)
THONG SO SO SANH
Nong o glycol s dung (%khoi lng)
Nong o glycol tai sinh (dong 12)
Lng glycol mat mat (kg/h)
TRNG HP
DUNG TEG
98.6000%
98.8100%
0.8366
TRNG HP
DUNG DEG
97.0000%
99.0600%
1.3247
109.2525
109.1208
Lu lng dong kh kho (m3/h)
Ham lng nc cua kh kho
Phan mol
5.7015x10-5
2.989x10-4
Khoi lng (kg/h)
1.9937
10.4477
Ham lng nc trong dong glycol giau
44.2666
25.1948
(kg/h)
Cong suat cua thap tai sinh ( 106kcal/h)
0.1564
0.1516
Cong suat may bm (kW)
3.4100
3.4400
Bang 2-31: So sanh ket qua gia TEG va DEG
* Nhan xet
- Cong suat noi tai un khi s dung DEG nho hn, tiet kiem c khoang 4800 kcal/h
nhng ham lng nc trong kh kho la rat ln; lng DEG b mat mat gap 1.6 lan so vi
TEG.
- DEG tai sinh co nong o cao hn TEG tai sinh
- Dung DEG th lu lng dong kh kho se nho hn
- Dung TEG cho phan xng nay co li hn.
2.3.6.2 Ket qua khi thay oi nong o TEG
* Qua ket qua thu c bang 2-32 ta co nhan xet sau:
- Nong o TEG tang th ham lng nc trong kh giam ang ke, nhng ong thi lng
glycol i vao thap tiep xuc lai tang.
- Nong o TEG tai sinh la bang nhau trong cac trng hp.
- Khi tang nong o TEG th kha nang mat mat cua TEG cung tang
- Lu lng dong kh kho giam ot ngot khi dung TEG 98.6% thay cho TEG 97%. ieu
nay cho thay s hoa tan cua cac hyrocacbon trong TEG la rat ln.
- Ham lng glycol cang tang th lng nc trong dong glycol giau cang tang.
Trang
- 31 -
- Qua bang 2-32 ta cung thay c la khi dung TEG 99.2% se khong co li. ieu nay co
the giai thch la do cac ieu kien van hanh c thiet lap cho nong o 98.6 % v vay,
neu dung TEG 99.2 % ta can phai thay oi cac thong so van hanh hp ly.
THONG SO SO SANH
Nong o glycol tai sinh (dong 12)

Lng glycol i vao thap tiep xuc
(kg/h)
Lng glycol mat mat (kg/h)
Lu lng dong kh kho (m3/h)
Ham lng nc cua kh kho
* Phan mol
* Khoi lng (kg/h)
Ham lng nc trong dong glycol
giau (kg/h)
Cong suat cua thap tai sinh
(106kcal/h)
Cong suat may bm (kW)
TRNG
HP
TEG=97%
98.81
2505.3325
TRNG
HP
TEG=98.6%
98.8100
2552.7894
TRNG
HP
TEG=99.2%
98.81
2569.4925
0.8328
115.4802
0.8366
109.2525
0.8375
109.2519
5.7021x10-5
2.0870
5.7015x10-5
1.9937
5.7093x10-5
1.9964
43.6181
44.2666
44.4756
0.1564
3.41
0.1564
3.4100
0.1574
3.43
Bang 2-32 : So sanh ket qua khi dung TEG co nong o khac nhau
2.3.6.3 Xet anh hng nhiet o noi tai un en lng TEG mat mat
Qua mo hnh ta thay rang lng TEG mat mat nhieu nhat la dong nc tach ra t thap
tai sinh. Va nhiet o reboiler cang cao th lng TEG mat mat cang nhieu, nhng tat
nhien la khong the duy tr nhiet o qua thap, bi v nh vay th nong o TEG tai sinh se
khong bao am ( bang 2 -23).
Nhiet o reboiler C-02, 0C
204.44 194.44 184.44 174.44 164.44 154.44
Nong o TEG tai sinh
98.808 98.503 98.105 97.57 96.83 95.776
Lng TEG trong dong 11, kg/h 0.7444 0.6713 0.5872 0.4902 0.3812 0.264
Bang 2-33: Anh hng cua nhiet o reboiler thap C-02 en lng TEG mat mat
Trang
- 32 -
CHNG 3:
anh gia, ket luan

3.1 anh gia o tin cay va phan tch sai so
e anh gia o tin cay va phan tch ket qua cua chng trnh, ta se i phan tch cac
van e sau:
Cac thong tin ve tnh chat cua cac cau t c chng trnh tao ra.
Anh hng cua qua trnh thanh lap mo hnh mo phong
Anh hng do mo hnh nhiet ong c chon
Anh hng do mo hnh thiet b cua chng trnh
Cac nguyen nhan khac
3.1.1 Anh hng do cac so lieu cua tnh chat cac cau t
Co ba dang cau t c dung trong chng trnh: cau t xac nh Thng th vi
so lng cau t xac nh rat ln nh vay a u thoa man cac nhu cau mo phong, v vay
ma hiem khi dung ti cac cau t do ngi dung nh ngha. Cac tnh chat cua cau t
xac nh co the c truy xuat t th vien, hay co the c tnh t cong thc cau tao
bang giai thuat FILL cua chng trnh. Giai thuat nay s dung phng phap cua
Joback, va c dung tot nhat cho cac cau t co khoi lng phan t nho hn 400 va co
t hn 20 nhom cau truc. Tnh chnh xac se cang ln neu cau t ch co mot nhom chc.
V du, cac tnh chat cua amine se chnh xac hn cua etanol amin. Va noi chung cac
tnh chat cua cac cau t xac nh la tng oi chnh xac so vi cac d lieu thc
nghiem. Ben canh o chng trnh con cho phep ngi dung chnh sa lai cac so lieu
nay.
ieu quan trong hn o la cac phng phap tnh chat hoa cho cac cau t giacac cau t dau mo. Nh tren a trnh bay chng trnh se tao ra cac cau t gia theo hai
cach.
Cach th nhat la tnh t hai trong ba gia tr: khoi lng phan t, iem soi, ty
khoi pha long chuan. Khi cung cap hai thong so th thong so con lai se c ngoai suy.
Nhng e co ket qua chnh xac, neu co the hay cung cap ca ba thong so. Tat ca cac
tnh chat vat ly va nhiet ong hoc khac cua cac cau t tren se c tnh t 3 thong so
tren. Khoi lng phan t la thong so kho c tnh chnh xac nhat, v vay neu co the
nen cung cap gia tr cho thong so nay e nang cao tnh chnh xac cho viec tnh chat
hoa cac cau t dau mo. Cac phng phap tnh chat hoa a c xac minh la ch co sai
so t 2-3 %. V vay sai so cho trng hp nay thng en t cac so lieu do ngi dung
nhap vao.
Trang
- 33 -
Cac d lieu chng cat
Chuyen oi cac d lieu thanh ng

TBP 760mmHg
Chia ng cong thanh cac iem

phan cat
Xac nh so mol, khoi lng va the

tch cho cac iem phan cat
X ly hp phan nhe
Xac nh NBP, ty trong va khoi

lng phan t cho cac cau t gia
Tnh cac tnh chat nhiet ly cho cau

t gia
Tap hp cac cau t gia
Hnh 3.1 : Qua trnh tao ra cau t gia cua chng trnh
Cach th hai la cach xuat phat t cac d lieu thc nghiem. Nhn chung cac
phng phap nay eu da tren cac bang bieu, cac o th thc nghiem a c phng
trnh hoa bi SIMSCI. Nen sai so cua cac tnh chat dau mo se khong qua ln va van
cho gia tr tin cay. Neu khong co chng trnh th chung ta se tra cac bieu o, ieu nay
Trang
- 34 -
se dan ti sai so ln hn nhieu, va tat nhien la se mat kha nhieu thi gian. Tuy nhien
sai so cho trng hp nay thng gap nhat la do chon khong ung tap hp cac iem
phan cat. ien hnh la trng hp mo phong phan xng chng cat kh quyen.
Khoang TBP, F
100-800
800-1200
1200-1600
So cau t
28
8
4
o rong, F
25
50
100
Bang 3-1: Tap hp iem phan cat mac nh cua chng trnh
Neu thay tap hp mac nh tren bang mot tap hp khac, co khoang phan cat nho hn
th ket qua cua toan bo chng trnh se chnh xac hn.
Nhiet o toi thieu cho khoang phan cat au tien: 100C
Nhiet o toi a cho khoang phan cat, 0C So cau t gia trong khoang phan cat
150
15
200
20
260
4
280
8
335
4
365
10
465
8
490
8
875
15
Bang 3-2 : Tap hp iem phan cat mi
Di ay la ket qua khi thay oi tap hp cac iem phan cat
Dong
Tap hp mac nh
Tap hp mi
Hi stripping Kerosen
2443 kg/h
880.8 kg/h
3
Naptha
167 m /h
167.3 m3/h
Kerosen
105 m3/h
106.0 m3/h
Diesel
84.9 m3/h
86.19 m3/h
AGO
126 m3/h
136.3 m3/h
Can kh quyen
312 m3/h
299.5 m3/h
Bang 3-3: Lu lng cac dong san pham oi vi hai tap hp iem phan cat
Trang
- 35 -
Thiet b ngng tu
Hoi lu vong nh
Hoi lu vong vung diesel
Hoi lu vong vung AGO
Lo ot
Tap hp mac nh
-38.23
-11.97
-12.09
-10.21
79.07
Tap hp mi
-38.35
-12.02
-12.15
-10.27
82.07
Bang 3-4: Cong suat nhiet oi vi hai tap hp iem phan cat (n v: 106 kcal/h)
Nh vay ro rang ket qua cho hai trng hp co s sai khac rat ln. Khi nh ngha mot
tap hp iem phan cat nho hn th ket qua se co o tin cay cao hn. Tuy nhien se
khien chng trnh chay lau hn, va oi khi se khong the hoi tu c. V vay khi mo
phong cac qua trnh lien quan en cac cau t dau mo th can phai th nhieu tap hp
iem phan cat khac nhau.
3.1.2 Anh hng cua qua trnh thanh lap mo hnh mo phong
ay la mot cong viec phc tap, oi hoi ngi dung phai nam rat ro ve ban chat
cua phan xng thc. Bi v e chuyen mot mo hnh thc thanh mo hnh ly thuyet can
phai n gian hoa s o va bo i nhng thiet b khong can thiet. Tiep theo o la cach
chon va thiet lap ung mo hnh. Ben canh o co nhng thiet b ma chng trnh khong
ho tr, luc o can en s linh ong va hieu biet cua ngi dung. Va mot ieu quan
trong khong kem la chng trnh xay dng mo hnh tren nen tang ly thuyet, nen co
nhng thiet b nh thap chng cat can phai chuyen t mo hnh thc thanh mo hnh ly
thuyet. Neu chuyen sai th co the chng trnh se khong hoi tu hoac se cho ket qua
khong chnh xac.
Viec thanh lap c mo hnh la mot bc quan trong, va a c e cap en
mot phan chng 2. e phat trien mo hnh ngi dung con co the s dung them
nhieu mo hnh thiet b va tnh nang khac cua chng trnh.
Noi chung, ay la bc can en kinh nghiem cua ngi dung.
3.1.3 Anh hng do mo hnh nhiet ong c chon
Nguyen nhan th ba, va la mot nguyen nhan quan trong o la chon sai he nhiet
ong cho d an. ng vi moi ng dung, ng vi moi khoang ieu kien lam viec, ng
vi cac cau t co mat ma can chon he nhiet ong cho phu hp. Lay v du, he BK-10 la
he cho ket qua rat tot khi dung cho cac ng dung lien quan en dau tho, nhng neu
em dung cho cac ng dung lien quan en kh th ket qua se khac i rat nhieu. Di
ay xin trnh bay mot v du n gian khi tnh can bang flash cho mot he nhng s dung
cac he nhiet ong khac nhau
Cho he co thanh phan nh sau:
Trang
- 36 -
Cau t
Phan mol
8.0144E-03
H2O
4.0072E-04
CO2
8.0144E-04
H2S
METHANE 0.7514
0.0801
ETHANE
0.0601
PROPANE
0.0401
IBUTANE
Bang 3-5: Thanh phan cua he
Cau t
BUTANE
IPENTANE
PENTANE
HEXANE
HEPTANE
OCTANE
Phan mol
0.0301
5.0090E-03
0.0100
9.0162E-03
4.0072E-03
1.0018E-03
Di ay la ket qua tnh iem soi cho he 2 atm bang cac phng phap khac nhau
Phng phap Peng-Robinson
Tong
Lu lng, KG-MOL/HR
0
Long
H2O
4999.9998 4959.9326
40.0672
Nhiet o, C
-149.55
-149.55
-149.55
Ap suat, atm
2.00
2.00
2.00
23.7570
23.8034
18.0150
Khoi lng phan t

Phan mol
0.9920 8.0134E-03
Entanpi, KCAL/KG-MOL -2608.4243 -2607.5140 -2721.1028

Cp, KCAL/KG-C
0.6032
0.6000
1.0100
Phng phap SRK

Tong
Lu lng, KG-MOL/HR
Long
H2O
4999.9998 4959.9326
40.0672
Nhiet o, 0C
-149.31
-149.31
-149.31
Ap suat, atm
2.00
2.00
2.00
23.7570
23.8034
18.0150
Khoi lng phan t

Phan mol
0.9920 8.0134E-03

Cp, KCAL/KG-C
0.6399
0.6369
1.0100
Trang
- 37 -
Phng phap Grayson-Streed

Tong
Lu lng, KG-MOL/HR
Long
H2O
4999.9998 4959.9326
40.0672
Nhiet o, C
-162.02
-162.02
-162.02
Ap suat, atm
2.00
2.00
2.00
23.7570
23.8034
18.0150
Khoi lng phan t

Phan mol
0.9920 8.0134E-03

Cp, KCAL/KG-C
0.6757
0.6730
1.0100
Rieng cac phng phap BK-10, Chao-Seader chng trnh khong the chay
Nhn cac bang so lieu tren ta thay rang phng phap GS a cho mot khoang sai so
tng oi ln so vi hai phng phap con lai (-162.02 0C so vi -149.31 0C). ieu o
chng to tam quan trong cua viec chon ung he nhiet ong hoc. Di ay trnh bay
mot cach c ban ve ng dung cua cac phng phap nhiet ong hoc
Poi vi cac he hyrocacbon dung trong qua trnh loc dau
He nhiet ong ng dung
Grayson-Streed
-Dung cho cac he giau hyro,
-Cac thap chng cat chan khong
-Coc hoa
SRK va PR
-Cac thap chng cat san pham cuoi
-Phan xng thu hoi kh
-SRKM dung cho cac he giau H2
SOUR, GPSWATER
- Dung cho cac he nc chua
SRKK, SRKM, SRKS, IGS - c dung en khi s hoa tan cua
hydrocacbon trong nc co vai tro quan trong
Bang 3-6: Cac he nhiet ong dung trong qua trnh loc dau
P oi vi cac he hyrocacbon dung trong qua trnh che bien kh
He nhiet ong
SRK va PR
SRKM, PRM, va SRKS
GLYCOL
ng dung
-Dung cho tat ca cac dang phan xng
che bien, he thong lam lanh
-Dung cho cac he co cha nc,
metanol, va cac hp chat phan cc khac
-Loai nc bang TEG
Trang
- 38 -
-Cai tien cho cac he cha aromatic

AMINE
-Qua trnh lam ngot kh t nhien
SRKK, IGS, SRKM, SRKS
-c dung neu s hoa tan cua cac kh
nhe vao nc la quan trong
Bang 3-7: Cac he nhiet ong dung trong qua trnh che bien kh
3.1.4 Anh hng do mo hnh thiet b cua chng trnh
Pro/II co rat nhieu mo hnh thiet b. Co 2 dang mo hnh tnh toan khi mo phong
mot thiet b, o la: mo hnh c lng va mo hnh thiet ke. a phan la mo hnh c
lng, ch co mot so thiet b la co ca hai mo hnh tnh toan tren. Bao gom: mo hnh
thap chng cat, mo hnh ng ong, va mo hnh cyclone.
Theo toi mo hnh c lng co o tin cay cao va c ng dung nhieu hn so
vi mo hnh thiet ke. Mo hnh c lng da tren cac thong so lam viec cua thiet b, t
o tnh toan can bang vat chat, tnh cong suat, va cac thong so khac. Neu tm hieu
ky hn, th ngi dung se biet c cach thiet lap va tnh toan cua tng mo hnh, t o
co the a ra anh gia cua mnh. Theo toi th cac mo hnh thiet b eu cho ket qua tot.
Lay v du oi vi mo hnh cua thiet b trao oi nhiet chnh xac, rigorous HX, tat ca cac
thong so cua thiet b eu da tren tieu chuan cua TMEA. Va bat ky thiet b trao oi
nhiet dang vo va ong nao cung eu c mo phong chnh xac nh mo hnh nay.
Tuy nhien cac ket qua thu c t mo hnh thiet ke ch co tnh chat tham khao.
Mo hnh thiet ke thap da tren cac phng phap cua Glitsch cho thap a, va da tren
cac d lieu cua cong ty Sulzer Brother va Norton cho thap em. V the khi thiet ke
cac thap s dung cac vat lieu cua cac cong ty khac, v du s dung a ballast th ket
qua se khac i. Ben canh o e thiet ke thiet b oi hoi rat nhieu kinh nghiem va can
mot tap hp oi ngu cac ky s thiet ke chuyen nghiep, ben canh o con phai tuan thu
cac ch tieu thiet ke va ac biet la tnh kinh te. V vay cac so lieu thiet ke t phan
mem, du la phan mem nao, cung ch la nhng so lieu ban au va can c xem xet ky
hn. Thng th cac so lieu thiet ke t cac phan mem thiet ke chuyen dung ang tin
hn nhieu.
Trong thc te, thong qua cac phan mem mo phong nh Pro/II cac ky s se lay
cac so lieu t qua trnh mo phong e thiet ke thiet b. ay chnh la khuynh hng thiet
ke mi.
3.1.5 Anh hng bi cac nguyen nhan khac
Chu yeu gay ra do nguyen nhan chu quan. Mot loi hay gap nhat la he n v,
ay la loi gay sai so nhieu nhat neu ngi dung khong can than. Cach tot nhat la tuan
theo cac bc thc hien qua trnh mo phong, trong o co bc au tien la kiem tra he
n v. Theo toi th he n v au vao nen theo he n v cua nhng so lieu ma ta ang
co, con au ra th co the nh dang theo y muon.
Trang
- 39 -
ieu can lu y nhat o la can phai can than vi nhng gia tr mac nh cua
chng trnh. Bat ky ca so nhap lieu nao eu co cac gia tr mac nh. S d chng
trnh phai co cac gia tr nay bi v muon n gian viec s dung chng trnh cho ngi
s dung. Tuy nhien ieu nay lai co the co tac hai neu khong can than thay the cac gia
tr nay bang cac gia tr thch hp. Va qua trnh kiem tra lai ket qua neu khong lu y gia
tr cho vao ma ch i kiem tra ket qua au ra th se a en cac ket luan sai.
5.6 Ket luan
Bao cao e tai a neu bat c vai tro cua chng trnh, kha nang ng dung cua
phan mem mo phong Pro/II va anh gia c ket qua cua chng trnh.
Do tnh chat gii han cua mot bao cao nen a khong the a phan hng dan
chi tiet s dung phan mem, nhng ve c ban a trnh bay c cach s dung chng
trnh. ieu can lu y la Pro/II la chng trnh mo phong chuyen nganh loc hoa dau va
hoa chat, v vay oi hoi ngi dung cung co mot kien thc nhat nh ve chuyen nganh
nay. ieu nay khac han vi cac phan mem ng dung khac, von co tnh pho bien ai
chung. Nhng nh s ho tr manh me phan giao dien va phan giup trc tuyen nen
chng trnh khong phai la qua kho e s dung.
Trong phan ng dung chng trnh ch ap dung vao cac qua trnh ien hnh nhat.
Tuy vay ch co phan mo phong thap on nh C-02 la xuat phat t cac so lieu thc tien.
Phan xng chng cat dau tho va loai nc bang TEG eu c toi lay so lieu t cac
tai lieu tham khao. Tuy nhien mot khi a thanh lap c mo hnh on nh th sau nay
co the thay oi cac thong so theo so lieu thc tien.
Trong cac ng dung tren eu a giai quyet c ban c cac yeu cau neu ra.
Phan nghien cu mo hnh cung a cho thay c anh hng cua cac thong so len qua
trnh lam viec cua thap. Va s anh hng nay la phu hp vi cac hien tng xay ra
trong thc tien. ieu o the hien c kha nang ng dung cua chng trnh vao thc
tien.
Phan anh gia va phan tch la nhng g ma toi a rut ra c trong qua trnh tm
hieu phan mem. Do khong co ieu kien e neu c ban chat cua chng trnh trong
bao cao nay nhng qua phan phan tch co the gop phan vao viec tao ra mot mo hnh
ang tin cay, ben canh o a gop phan anh gia nhng sai so do chng trnh tao ra.
Cac sai so nay co the c han che t nhng phan anh gia tren.
Kha nang ng dung cua Pro/II la rat ln. Tuy nhien no cung ch la mot cong cu
giup cho ngi dung-cac ky s loc hoa dau-trong qua trnh lam viec. Ch khi co cac
Trang
- 40 -
kien thc va hieu ro ban chat cua qua trnh thc tien th chung ta mi mo phong c
qua trnh o tren may tnh. Va ch khi lam chu c cong cu th viec ap dung no vao
cac cong viec thc tien mi mang lai ket qua. Thc te th khi thanh lap c mot mo
hnh ang tin cay oi hoi rat nhieu thi gian va cong sc. Mot mo hnh co tnh tin cay
la mo hnh ma cac so lieu mo phong khong khac biet qua ln so vi cac so lieu thc
tien. Ch khi a xay dng c mo hnh ang tin cay th mi co the tien hanh nghien
cu va toi u hoa chng trnh. Can phai tranh t tng chu quan, ac biet la khi
chng trnh chay tot va a hoi tu. ieu luon ghi nh la bc kiem tra va phan tch ket
qua ong mot vai tro het sc quan trong.
Qua qua trnh nghien cu phan mem a giup toi hieu c ban chat cac qua
trnh xay ra trong thc tien. ieu nay giup toi cung co them cac kien thc a c hoc
nha trng mot cach cu the va hnh tng hn. T ieu nay giup toi co the khang
nh rang viec ng dung Pro/II cho viec ao tao la het sc ung an. No giup cho sinh
vien co the hieu ro c s dien tien cua qua trnh thong qua cac con so cu the. Va
Pro/II cung ang la mot mon hoc cac chuyen nganh hoa cua mot so trng ai hoc
va no cung c a vao trong qua trnh ao tao theo giao an cua vien hoa hoc dau
mo Phap IFP.
Trang
- 41 -

Bao Cao de Tai Proii

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Bao Cao de Tai Proii

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BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

GII THIEU PRO/II

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

1.3 Gii thieu ve Pro/II

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

1.3.2 Giao dien cua Pro/II

1.3.2.1 Khi ong Pro/II

Hnh 1.1: Ca so chnh cua chng trnh

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

1.3.2.2 Cac nut cong cu

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

1.4 C ban ve mot d an mo phong

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

NG DUNG PRO/II VAO CAC QUA TRNH CHE

2.1 MO PHONG VA THIET KE THAP C-02 CUA NHA MAY GGP

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Hnh 2.1 : Mo hnh mo phong va toi u thap C-02

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Dong hoi lu/ nguyen lieu

Khoi lng The tch

Bang 2-4: Ty so hoi lu cua thap C-02

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Nhiet o Ap suat Long

Nguyen lieu San pham Cong suat nhiet

Bang 2-5: Ket qua tong quan cho thap C-02

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Kch thc cua ong chay chuyen nh sau:

cua chng trnh.

Ket qua cha toi u Ket qua toi u

Cong suat noi tai un (106 kcal/h)

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

2.2 MO PHONG PHAN XNG CHNG CAT KH QUYEN ADU

Bang 2-9: So lieu ap suat

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Hnh 2.3: S o mo phong phan xng ADU

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

o sut ap, ATM

Cong suat, M*KCAL/HR nh ngha

Cong suat nhiet

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC

318.6 232.2 1.0000 1.0000

248.0 154.4 1.0000 1.0000

155.9 79.4 1.0000 1.0000

Bang 2-16: Ket qua cac dong hoi lu vong

Sinh vien thc hien: NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

BAO CAO E TAI NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC