Do An Thiet Ke Bo Nguon Chinh Luu Co Dieu Khien Cho Tai Nap Ac Quy 1479

Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52
N THIT B IU KHIN
* ) ti thit k : Thit k b ngun chnh lu c iu khin cho ti np c quy
*) Cc s liu ban u :
in p c quy Ud = 24V, dng dung lng c quy 250A/h. in p ngun cp
U1= 220v, iu chnh dng in vo cp trong di t 0 n Idmax.
n thit b iu khin 1
LI NI U
Nc ta hin nay ang trn con ng Cng nghip ha - Hin i ha. Bi vy t
ng ha ang pht trin mnh trong nhng nm gn y.T ng ho iu khin
cc qu trnh sn xut i su vo tng ng ngch, vo trong tt c cc qu trnh to
ra sn phm.
Ngy nay hu nh tt c cc my mc thit b trong cng nghip cng nh trong i
sng hng u phi s dng in nng , c th l dng hon ton ngun nng
lng in nng hoc mt phn nng lng in nng kt hp vi nng lng khc.
Trn thc t c nhng lc rt cn nng lng in m ta khng th ly nng
lng in t li in c. Do ta phi ly cc ngun in d tr nh c quy.
Nh vy c th s dng c cc ngun cquy ta phi np in cho cquy. Bi
b chnh lu np cquy t ng c s dng rng ri trong nhiu trng hp
c th l rt quan trng , nu thiu n s khng c ngun in vn hnh , d tr cho
cc my mc thit b m c th khng p ng c ch tiu kinh t k thut.
n thit b iu khin 2
Mc lc
Chng I: Gii thiu khi qut v c quy
I. Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca c quy..
5
1. Cu to...5
2. Nguyn l lm vic
6
II, cquy
kim...............................................................................................
.7
1, Nguyn l lm
vic................................................................................7
2, Qu trnh ha hc trong c quy
kim....................................................8
III, Cc thng s c bn ca c
quy................................................................9
1, Dung
lng............................................................................................
9
2, in
p..................................................................................................
9
3, in tr
trong........................................................................................9
IV, c tnh phng ca
cquy........................................................................10
V, Cc phng php np cquy t
ng.......................................................11
1. Phng php np cquy vi dng in khng
i...............................11
2. Phng php np vi in p khng
i..............................................12
3. Phng php np dng
p....................................................................12
Chng II : Chn s mch chnh lu .13
I . i vi chnh lu 3 pha 13
n thit b iu khin 3
1. Chnh lu cu 3 pha ..13
2.Chnh lu tia 3 pha..15
II. i vi chnh lu 1 pha.16
1, Chnh lu mt na chu k ..16
2. Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh..16
3 . Chnh lu cu mt pha ..18
III . Chn s chnh lu .19
Chng 3 : Thuyt minh hot ng cu s ng lc
, v cc ng cong dng in v in p
ca ti v cc van dn
( Ud , Id , Uv , Iv ) .19
I . Tnh ton v chn van ng lc .. 20
II./ Tnh ton my bin p ...22
1. in p chnh lu khng ti.. 22
2. Cng sut ti a ca ti.....23
3. Cng sut ngun cp..... 23
4, Tnh ton s b mch t .23
5, Tnh ton dy qun bin p .23
6. Tnh kch thc mch t 25
7 . kt cu dy qun .26
8 ) Tnh khi lng st ...29
9 ) Khi lng ng ...29
10 ) St p trn MBA ..30
11 ) in tr ngn mch MBA .31
12 ) Tng tr ngn mch ca MBA .31
13 ) in p ngn mch MBA .31
14 ) in p ngn mch phn trm ca MBA .31
Chng 4 : Tnh chn cc thit b bo v...32
I ) Bo v qu dng in...32
II ) bo v qu in p cho thit b bn dn ..34
Chng 5 : Tnh ton cun khng lc dng in...35
I ) Tnh ton cc cun khng lc - CKL dng in p mch...35
1 ) in p ri trn cun khng .36
2) tnh cng sut trn cun khng lc ...36
3 ) tnh ton li thp cun khng lc .36
4 ) tnh ton dy qun cun khng ...36
Chng VI : Tnh ton v thit k mch iu khin 39
n thit b iu khin 4
A . Cc bc thit .39
1 / tm hiu v mch iu khin < nguyn tc iu khin >. 39
2 / s khi mch iu khin ..39
B ) tnh ton cc thng s ca mch iu khin 41
I/ Tnh ton my bin p xung 41
II / Tnh ton cc khu 43
1 ) khu ng pha ..43
2 ) khu to in p rng ca .44
3 ) khu so snh . 46
4 ) khu khch a xung cui cng 47
5 ) to ngun nui .48
*/ Tnh ton my bin p ngun nui v ng pha..49
Chng I: Gii thiu khi qut v cquy
Hin nay chng ta c nhiu loi c quy, trong hai loi c bn l c quy axit v c
quy kim. Chng ta xt tng loi sau:
I, Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca c quy axit:
1. Cu to :
- Bnh c quy c chia thnh nhiu ngn, thong thng l 6 ngn. Mi ngn c
quy n cho in p u ra l 2V. Nh vy, nu em u ni tip c 6 ngn vi nhau
ta s c b ngun c quy l 12V.
- V bnh c quy c ch to bng vt liu cng c tnh chu axit, chu nhit,
do m ngi ta c bng nha cng hoc ebonite. Pha trong v bnh c cc
vch ngn to thnh cc ngn ring bit, mi ngn ring bit gi l mt c quy
n. Di y bnh ta lm hai yn gi l yn bn cc. Mc ch l cc
bn cc t ln , trnh b ngn mch khi trong y bnh c lng ng cc cn bn.
- Bn cc c lm t hp kim ch v antimon, trn mt bn cc c gn cc xng
dc v xng ngang tng cng vng v to ra cc cho cht hot tnh bm
n thit b iu khin 5
trn bn cc.
Nu bn cc dng th cht hot tnh ph vo khung trn bn cc l dioxit
ch. Nu bn cc dung lm bn cc m th cht hot tnh c s dng l ch
xp.
Khi c quy hot ng cht hot tnh tham gia ng thi vo cc phn ng ho
hc cng nhiu cng tt, do tng b mt tip xc ca cc cht hot tnh vi
dung dch in phn, ngi ta ch to cht hot tnh c xp, ng thi em ghp
nhng tm cc cng tn song song vi nhau thnh mt chum cc trong mi ngn
ca c quy n.
Chm bn cc dng v chum bn cc m c lng xen k nhau nhng
gia hai bn cc khc tn li c t them mt tm cch, tm cch c
lm t cht cch in cch in gia hai bn cc nh nha xp, thu tinh
hay g.
- Phn np ca c quy che kn nhng b phn bn trong bnh, ngn nga
bi v cc vt khc t bn ngoi ri vo bn trong bnh, ng thi gi cho
dung dch in phn khng b trn ra ngoi. Trn np bnh c cc l v
kim tra dung dch in phn, cc l ny c nt kn bng cc nt c l
thong hi nh. mt s loi cquy l thong hi c th c ch to ring
bit.
m bo v kn ca bnh c quy, xung quanh mp ca np c quy v
xung quanh cc l cc u ra, ngi ta thng trt nha chuyn dng. Dung
dch in phn dung trong c quy thng l hn hp axit sunfuric H
2
SO
4
c
pha ch theo t l nht nh vi nc ct.
2. Nguyn l lm vic :
a, Qu trnh np:
Khi c quy c lp rp xong, ta dung dch axit sunfuric vo cc ngn bnh
th trn cc bn cc s sinh ra lp mng ch sunfat (PbSO
4
). V ch tc dng vi
axit theo phn ng:
PbO + H
2
SO
4
= PbSO
4
+ H
2
O
em ni ngun in mt chiu vo hai u cc ca c quy th dng in mt chiu
c khp kn qua mch cquy v dng in i theo chiu: Cc dng ca ngun
mt chiu Dung dch in phn u cc 2 ca cquy Cc m ca ngun
mt chiu.
Dng in mt chiu s lm cho dung dch in phn phn ly:
n thit b iu khin 6
H
2
SO
4
2H
+
+ SO
4
2-
Cation H
+
theo dng in i v pha bn cc ni vi m ngun in v to thnh
phn ng ti :

2H
+
+ PbSO
4
H
2
SO
4
+ Pb
Cc anion SO
4
2-
chy v pha chm bn cc ni vi dng ngun
in v
cng to thnh phn ng ti :
PbSO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
4
2-
PbO
2
+ 2H
2
SO
4
Kt qu l bn cc ni vi dng ngun in c PbO
2
(ch dioxit) v chm
bn cc kia c ch Pb, nh vy hai chm bn cc c s khc nhau v cc tnh.
T cc phn ng ha hc trn ta thy qu trnh np in to ra lng axit
sunfuric b sung vo dung dch in phn, ng thi trong qu trnh np
in dng in cn phn tch ra trong dung dch in phn kh hydro (H
2
) v
oxy (O
2
), lng kh ny si ln nh bt nc v bay i, do nng ca dung
dch in phn trong qu trnh np in c tng ln.
c quy c coi l np y khi quan st thy dung dch si bt u (gi l
hin tng si). Lc ta c th ngt ngun np v xem nh qu trnh np in cho
c quy hon thnh.
b, Qu trnh phng in ca c quy:
Ni hai bn cc ca c quy c np in vi mt ph ti, v d nh mt bong
n th nng lng tch tr trong c quy s phng qua ti, lm cho bng n
sng. Dng in ca cquy s i theo chiu: Cc dng ca cquy (u cc ni
vi cc dng ngun np) Ti (bng n) Cc m ca cquy Dung dch
in phn Cc dng ca cquy.
Qu trnh phng in ca cquy, phn ng ho hc xy ra trong cquy nh
sau:
Ti cc dng:
PbO
2
+ 2H
+
+ H
2
SO
4
+2e PbSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
Ti cc m :
Pb + SO
4
2-
PbSO
4
+ 2e
Nh vy khi cquy phng in, ch sunfat li c hnh thnh hai bn cc, lm
cho cc bn cc dn tr li ging nhau, cn dung dch axit b phn thnh cation
2H
+
v anion SO
4
2-
ng thi qu trnh cng to ra nc trong dung dch, do
n thit b iu khin 7
nng ca dung dch gim dn v sc in ng ca cquy cng gim dn .
II, cquy kim:
1. Nguyn l lm vic :
cquy kim l loi cquy m dung dch in phn c dng trong cquy l dung
dch kim KOH v NaOH. Tu thuc vo cu to ca bn cc, cquy kim c
chia thnh 3 loi:
- Loi cquy st - niken, l loi cquy c bn cc ch to bng st (Fe)
v niken (Ni).
- Loi cquy cadimi - niken, l loi cquy c bn cc ch to bng
cadimi (Cd) v niken (Ni).
- Loi cquy bc - km, l loi cquy c bn cc ch to bng bc (Ag)
v km (Zn).
Trong ba loi trn th loi th ba c h s hiu dng trn mt n v trng lng
v mt n v th tch l ln hn, nhng gi thnh ca n li cao hn v phi s
dng khi lng bc ti 30% khi lng ca cht tc dng, do loi ny t dng.
So vi c quy axit, c quy kim c nhc im l gi thnh cao hn, in tr trong
ln hn, nhng n li c cc u im sau:
- C bn ln v thi gian s dng di
- Trong iu kin my khi ng, lm vic nng n hoc cn c yu cu
v tin cy cao th n c tnh u vit hn hn c quy axit.
- Qu trnh np in cho c quy kim khng i hi nghim ngt v
dng in np. Tr s dng in ny c th ln gp 3 ln dng nh
mc cng cha lm hng c c quy.
c quy kim c cu to tng t nh c quy axit, tc l n cng gm dung dch
in phn, v bnh c quy, cc bn cc,...
Bn cc ca c quy kim c ch to thnh dng thi hoc khng thi. Gia
cc bn cc c ngn cch bi cc tm ebonit. Chm bn cc dng v chm bn
cc m c hn ni nh chm bn cc ca c quy axit a ra cc vu cc cho
c quy. Cc chm bn cc c t trong bnh in phn v c ngn cch vi v
bnh bng lp nha vinhiplat.
Loi c quy dng bn cc dng thi th mi thi l mt hp lm bng thp l
trn b mt c khoan nhiu l: = 0,2-0,3 mm cho dung dch thm qua.
Nu l c quy kim st - niken th trong hp bn cc m cha st c bit
thun khit, cn trong bn cc dng l hn hp 75%NiO.OH v 25% bt
than hot tnh.
n thit b iu khin 8
Loi c quy kim dng bn cc khng phn thi, th bn cc c ch to theo
kiu khung xng, ri em cc cht tc dng c cu trc xp mn p vo cc l
nh trn bn cc.
2. Qu trnh ha hc trong c quy kim :
Ging nh trong c quy axit, qu trnh ho hc trong cquy kim cng l qu
trnh thun nghch
Nu bn cc ca c quy kim l st-niken th phn ng ho hc xy ra trong cquy
nh sau:
Trn bn cc dng:
Ni(OH)
2
+ KOH + OH
-
Ni(OH)
3
+ KOH Trn
bn cc m:
Fe(OH)
2
+ KOH Fe + KOH + 2OH
-
Nh vy qu trnh np in, st hidroxit trn bn cc m b phn tch thnh
st nguyn t v anion OH
-
. Cn bn cc dng, Ni(OH)
2
c chuyn
ho thnh Ni(OH)
3
. Cht in phn KOH c th xem nh n khng tham gia
vo phn ng ho hc m ch ng vai tr cht dn in, do sc in
ng ca cquy hu nh khng ph thuc vo nng cht in phn. Sc
in ng ca c quy ch oc xc nh da trn trng thi ca cc cht tc
dng cc tm cc.
Thng thng c quy kim c np in hon ton sc in ng s t c
khong 1,7 n 1,85V. Khi c quy phng in hon ton, sc in ng ca
cquy l 1,2 n 1,4V.
Nh vy in th phng in ca c quy kim thp hn c quy axit. Nu
c quy axit in th phng in bnh qun l 2V th c quy kim ch l
1,2V.
Hin nay cc nh thit k, ch to c quy cha dng li nhng kt qu t
c, ngi ta ch to c nhng c quy kim mi kh nh v nh, nhng vn
c cc thng s k thut ca c quy axit.
Nhng c quy mi ang hng ti vic thay th cc bn cc bng nhng
hp kim mi c kh nng chng han g, gim kch thc v tng tnh bn
vng. Nhng tp cht mi c trn vo trong cht tc dng s ci thin c
tnh phng in ca cquy mt cch ng k. Nhiu c quy mi khng c
cu ni trn np v kt cu v bnh cng thay bng nhng vt liu rt nh
nn gim c chiu dy thnh bnh, c quy cng t phi chm sc hn.
n thit b iu khin 9
III, Cc thng s c bn ca c quy:
1. Dung lng : L in lng ca c quy c np y, ri em cho phng
in lin tc vi dng in phng 1A ti khi in p ca cquy gim xung n tr s gii hn quy
nh nhit quy nh. Dung lng ca c quy c tnh bng ampe-gi (Ah).
2. ip p : Tu thuc vo nng cht in phn v ngun np cho c quy
m in p mi ngn ca c quy khi n c np y s t 2,6V n 2,7V
( h mch), v khi c quy phng in hon ton l 1,7V n 1,8V.
in p ca c quy khng ph thuc vo s lng bn cc ca cquy nhiu
hay t.
3. in tr trong : l tr s in tr bn trong ca c quy, bao gm in tr
cc bn cc, in tr dung dch in phn c xt n s ngn cch ca cc
tm ngn gia cc bn cc. Thng th tr s in tr trong ca cquy khi
np y in l (0,001-0,0015) v khi c quy phng in hon ton l
(0,02-0,025) .
IV, c tnh phng ca cquy:
c tnh phng ca c quy l th biu din quan h ph thuc ca sc in
ng, in p cquy v nng dung dch in phn theo thi gian phng khi
dng in phng khng thay i.
T c tnh phng ca c quy ta c nhn xt:
- Trong khong thi gian phng t t = 0 n t = t
gh
(10h), sc in
ng, in p v nng dung dch in phn gim dn, tuy nhin
trong on ny dc ca ng c tnh khng ln, ta gi l giai
on phng n nh hay thi gian phng in cho php tng ng vi
mi ch phng in ca c quy (dng in phng).
n thit b iu khin 10
Hnh 1: c tnh phng np ca c quy
- T thi gian t
gh
tr i dc ca th thay i t ngt. Nu ta tip
tc cho cquy phng in sau thi gian t
gh
th sc in ng, in p
- ca cquy gim rt nhanh. Mt khc cc tinh th sunfat ch (PbO
2
) to
- thnh trong phn ng s c dng th rn rt kh ho tan (b bin i
ho hc) trong qu trnh np in tr li cho c quy sau ny. Thi
im t
gh
gi l gii hn phng in cho php ca c quy, cc gi tr E
P
,
U
P
, ti t
gh
c gi l cc gi tr phng in ca c quy, c quy
khng c phng in khi dung lng cn khong 80%.
Thi gian ny c gi l thi gian np no, n c tc dng lm cho
phn cc cht tc dng su trong lng bn cc c bin i tun
hon, nh lm tng dung lng phng in ca cquy.
- Thi gian np no cho cquy ko di t 2-3h, trong sut thi gian
hiu in th trn cc bn cc c quy v nng dung dch in phn
khng thay i. Nh vy dung lng thu c khi c quy phng in
lun nh hn dung lng cn thit np no c quy.
- Sau khi ngt mch np, in p, sc in ng ca c quy gim xung
v n nh. Thi gian ny cng gi l thi gian ngh ca c quy sau
khi np.
n thit b iu khin 11
- Tr s dng in np nh hng rt ln n cht lng v tui th ca
cquy. Dng in np nh mc vi c quy l: I
n
= 10%C
10
. Trong
C
10
l dung lng ca c quy m vi ch np vi dng in nh
mc l I
n
=0,1C
10
th sau 10h c quy s y.
V, Cc phng php np cquy t ng:
C ba phng php np cquy l:
- Phng php dng in
- Phng php in p
- Phng php dng p
1. Phng php np cquy vi dng in khng i :
y l phng php np cho php chn c dng np thch hp vi mi loi
cquy, bo m cho cquy c no. y l phng php s dng trong cc xng
bo dng sa cha np in cho cquy hoc np sa cha cho cc cquy b
sunfat ho. Vi phng php ny cquy c mc ni tip vi nhau v phi tho
mn iu kin:
U
N
2,7.N
aq
Trong : U
N
- in p np
N
aq
- S ngn cquy n trong mch.
Trong qu trnh np in sc in ng ca cquy tng dn ln, duy tr dng
in np khng i ta phi b tr trong mch bin tr R. Tr s gin hn ca bin tr
c xc nh theo cng thc:

2.
N aq
n
U N
R
I
Nhc im ca phng php np vi dng khng i l thi gian np ko

di v yu cu cc cquy a vo np c cng dung lng nh mc.
khc phc thi gian np ko di, ngi ta s dng phng php np vi
dng in np thay i hai hay nhiu nc. Trong trng hp hai nc, dng
in np nc th nht chn bng (0,3-0,6)C
10
tc l np cng bc v kt
thc nc mt khi c quy bt u si. Dng in np nc th hai l
0,1C
10
.
2. Phng php np vi in p khng i :
Phng php ny yu cu c quy mc song song vi ngun np. Hiu in
th ca ngun np khng i v c tnh bng (2,3-2,5)V cho mi ngn
n. Phng php np vi in p khng i c thi gian np ngn, dng
np t ng gim theo thi gian. Tuy nhin vi phng php ny cquy
khng c np no, do n ch dng b sung np cho cquy trong qu
trnh s dng.
n thit b iu khin 12
3. Phng php np dng p :
y l phng php tng hp ca hai phng php trn. N tn dng c nhng
u im ca mi phng php.
i vi yu cu ca ti l np cquy t ng tc l trong qu trnh np
mi qu trnh bin i v chuyn ho c t ng din ra theo mt trnh t
t sn th ta chn phng php np c quy l phng php dng p.
- i vi cquy axit:
m bo thi gian np cng nh hiu sut np th trong khong
thi gian t
n
= 8h tng ng vi 75%-80% dung lng cquy ta np vi
dng khng i l I
n
= 0,1C
10
. V theo c tnh np ca cquy trong on
np chnh th khi dng in khng i th in p, sc in ng ti t
thay i, do bo m tnh ng u v ti cho thit b np. Sau thi
gian 8h cquy bt u si lc ta chuyn sang np ch n p. Khi
thi gian np c 10h th cquy bt u no, ta np b sung thm 2-3h.
- i vi cquy kim:
Trnh t np cng ging nh cquy axit nhng do kh nng qu ti ca cquy
kim ln nn lc n dng ta c th np vi dng np I
n
= 0,2.C
10
hoc np cng
bc tit kim thi gian vi dng np I
n
= 0,5.C
10
.
Cc qu trnh np cquy t ng kt thc khi b ct ngun np hoc khi np n
p vi in p bng in p trn hai cc ca cquy, lc dng np s t t
gim v khng.
Kt lun :
T cc phn tch v ti cquy trn ta thy: Ti cquy l ti dung khng,
vi c im l sc in ng ca cquy tng dn trong qu trnh np,
tc l nu ta gi in p khng thay i th dng in np s gim dn,
lm qu trnh np in cho cquy ko di, do ta cn kim sot c
dng in np cho cquy. Thng thng ta np vi 10% dng dung
lng ca cquy v gi n nh dng trong qu trnh np. Tuy nhin khi
dung lng ca cquy t n 80%, lc ta tip tc gi n nh
dng np th cquy s si v lm cn dung dch in phn. Do n giai
on ny ta li phi chuyn ch np cquy sang ch n p. Ch
n p c gi cho n khi cquy thc s y. Khi in p trn cc
bn cc ca cquy bng vi in p np th lc dng np s t ng
gim v 0, kt thc qu trnh np.
Chng II : Chn s mch chnh lu
Hin nay c nhiu phng php np c quy nhng thng s dng nht l dng
n thit b iu khin 13
ngun in xoay chiu c b chnh lu .
Ngun in xoay chiu li c nhiu loi trong c 2 loi l : 1 pha v 3 ph bin
nht . ng vi mi loi li c cc phng php chnh lu khc nhau. Sau y ta i
nghin cu cc loi c bn sau :
I . i vi chnh lu 3 pha :
1, Chnh lu cu 3 pha :
Hnh 2: CL cu 3 pha i xng
n thit b iu khin 14
Hnh 3: s ng lc , gin ng cong c bn, in p ti khi goc m
=60
0
th Ud, Id nh hnh v
Ta thy khi

60
0
th dng in lin tc v

0 2
. os 2, 34. . os
d d
U U c U c

Khi
>
60
0
th dng in gin on v :
1 os( 60)
.
2
c
U U
d do
+ +
Vi chnh lu cu 3 pha to ra in p dy ln , nhng s phc tp ca chnh lu

ca chnh lu loi ny cn phi m ng thi 2 van theo ng th t pha, gy kh
khn khi vn hnh sa cha nn loi ny ta khng dng lm chnh lu ti np
acquy
n thit b iu khin 15
2. Chnh lu tia 3 pha :
Hnh v chnh lu tia 3 pha
Chnh lu loi ny c :
Nu
>
30
0
th :
1 os( 30)
.
3
c
U U
d do
+ +

n thit b iu khin 16
Nu

30
0
th :

os . U c U
d do

S vi chnh lu 1 pha th chnh lu 3 pha c cht lng in p tt hn , bin d
in p p mch tt hn , nhng in 3 pha khng thng dng vi cc h gia
nh s dng nh . M yu cu ca vic thit k ngun chnh lu c iu khin cho
ti np acquy phi c s dng rng ri ti mi ni nn chnh lu dng ngun in
xoay chiu 3 pha t c s dng m ngi ta chn ngun in xoay chin 1 pha

II. i vi chnh lu 1 pha :
1, Chnh lu mt na chu k:
Hnh : CL mt na CK Hnh 3: th U,I
s chnh lu ny, in p ra b gin on trong mt na chu k, khi in p
anod ca van bn dn m. Do vy, in p c cht lng khng tt, v tr s trung
bnh ln nht khi khng c iu khin l:
U
do
= 0,45.U
2
y l loi chnh lu c bn, s nguyn l mch n gin.
Tuy nhin, cc cht lng k thut nh: cht lng in p mt chiu, hiu sut s
dng bin p xu.
Vi h s s dng bin p:
S
BA
= 3,09.U
d
.I
d
Do m loi chnh lu ny t c dung trong thc t.
2. Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh:
n thit b iu khin 17
C th coi s chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh l hai s
chnh lu 1 na chu k hot ng dch pha nhau 180
0
. mi chu k c mt
van dn cho dng in qua, cho nn hai na chu k sng in p ti trng
pha vi sng in p ca cun dy c van dn. c im ca loi chnh lu
ny l phi c bin p th cp c hai cun dy vi cc thng s ging ht
nhau.
in p ti p mch trong c hai na chu k vi tn s p mch bng hai ln tn
s ngun cp (f
m
= 2.f
1
).
in p trung bnh trn ti, khi in p gin on nh trn s cc ng cong
chnh lu:

(1 os )
.
2
c
U U
d do
+
n thit b iu khin 18
Trong :
U
d0
= 0,9.U
2
: L in p chnh lu khi khng iu khin.
- Gc m ca cc Trisistor
Mi van ch dn trong chu k, do dng in trung bnh qua van ti a bng
dng in ti.
Trong cc loi s chnh lu, th loi ti ny c in p ngc ca van phi
chu l ln nht:

U 2. 2.U
~ nv

*, u im:
So vi chnh lu 1 na chu k, s ny cho cht ln in p tt hn. Dng
in chy qua van khng ln, in p tng ri trn van nh v vic iu khin
van tng i n gin.
*, Nhc im:
- Vic ch to bin p vi hai cun th cp ging ht nhau v mi cun ch lm
vic trong chu k lm vic ch to bin p phc tp v hiu sut s dng bin p
xu.
- in p ngc ca van bn dn phi chu c tr s ln nht lm cho vic chn
van bn dn kh khn hn.
3 . Chnh lu cu mt pha :
Chnh lu cu 1 pha c th dng s chnh lu khng iu khin hoc c iu
khin, trong s c iu khin li c s iu khin i xng v iu khin
khng i xng.
Ta xt s chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin i xng:
Hnh 6: Chnh lu cu mt pha
S chnh lu ny cho in p ra trn ti tng t nh s chnh lu c chu k,
bin p th cp c trung tnh.
n thit b iu khin 19
*, Hot ng:
- chu k u (dng); in p dng t vo anode T1, in p m t
vo cathode T2, khi c xung m T1, T2 th T1, T2 dn, c dng in qua ti.
- chu k sau (m); anode T4 dng, cathode T3 m, khi c xung m T3, T4 th
T3, T4 m cho dng in qua ti theo chiu nh khi T1, T2 dn. Tc l dng in
qua ti l dng in mt chiu.
*, u im:
- Cho dng in p, dng in ra ging nh cc dng ng cong ca chnh lu c
chu k vi bin p c trung tnh.
- in p ngc ca van phi chu l:

U 2.U
~ nv

*, Nhc im:
- Phi s dng nhiu van bn dn hn, do tng in p ri trn van ln
hn.
- Vic iu khin ng thi cc van kh khn hn.
III . Chn s chnh lu :
Ta c in p ca c quy l U
d
= 24V
Theo phn phn tch ti, mi ngn c quy n c in p 2V, do c th thy c
quy gm 12 c quy n. Theo phn Np c quy bng phng php p th khi np
cn gi in p trn mi ngn c quy n l (2,3-2,5)V. Vy in p sau chnh lu
ln nht l: U
2
= 2,5.12 = 30V.
Do nu ta dng s chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh th in p
ngc van phi chu l:
U
nv
= 2. 2.U
2
= 2. 2.30 =85V
Vi U
nv
= 85V th vic chn van bn dn cng sut khng c g l kh khn.
Nu s dng s chnh lu cu mt pha th s lng van s tng gp i.
Do :
Ta s dng s chnh lu cho mch np c quy t ng l s chnh lu c chu
k vi bin p bn th cp c trung tnh.
Chng 3 :
Thuyt minh hot ng cu s ng lc , v cc ng
cong dng in v in p ca ti v cc van dn
( Ud , Id , Uv , Iv )
n thit b iu khin 20
I . Tnh ton v chn van ng lc :
Ta c s mch ng lc :
n thit b iu khin 21
Hnh v Cc ng cong chnh lu
*) Thuyt minh hot ng :
*, Hot ng:
S chnh lu bao gm b ngun chnh lu hai na chu k vi
bin p c
trung tnh, ti c quy c mc ni tip vi mt cun khng lc
khc
phc s gin on ca dng in ng vi gc m no
cho dng in
qua ti (c quy) l dng n nh.
ng cong dng in v in p ca ti (c quy) Ud, Id c
biu din nh
hnh v. Ta thy khi c them cun khng lc th dng in ra
khng b gin
on m l dng 1 chiu lin tc.
*) Tnh ton van ng lc :
n thit b iu khin 22
Theo yu cu thit k, mch np cho c quy bao gm 12 ngn c quy n, m in
p chnh lu:
U
d
2,7.N
aq
Trong : N
aq
= 12 - S ngn c quy n
Ta c : U
d
=2,7.12 = 32,4 V, c th ly U
d
= 33 V
I
d
= 10%.C
10
= 0,1.250 = 25 A
Vi chnh lu c chu k vi bin p trung tnh tra bng cc h s c bn ca cc s
chnh lu ta c :

2 2 2, 82
1
0,71
2
2 2
0, 9
K
nv
K
hd
K
u

T ta c in p v dng in lm vic :

33
2, 82. 103, 4
0,9
U
lv

V

25
. 17, 75
2
I K I
lv hd d

A
Vy ta c thng s cn c ca van ng lc l :

. 103, 4.2 206, 8 U U K
nv lv dtU

V

. 4.17, 75 71 I K I
nv i lv

A
Tra bng thng s van ta chn c loi van ph hp vi

206, 8 U
nv

V,
71 I
nv

A l C48C300
vi cc thng s nh sau :
300 U
nv

V
80 I
nv

A
4 I
R

mA
3 U
dk

V
75 I
dk

mA
3,1 U
v

V
80 t
cm

us
0
125
ax m

C
II./ Tnh ton my bin p :
n thit b iu khin 23
1, in p chnh lu khng ti:
U
d0
= U
d
+ U
V
+ U
ba
+ U
dn
Vi
U
d
= 33V
U
V
= 0,8V - in p ri trn Thysistor.
U
ba
= U
R
+ U
X
- L st p trn in tr v in khng ca my bin
p.
U
dn
0V - St p trn dy ni.
Vy: U
d0
. = 33 + 3,1 + 2 + 0 = 38,1 V
2, Cng sut ti a ca ti:
P
dmax
= U
d0
.I
d
P
dmax
= 38,1.25 = 925,5 (W).
3, Cng sut ngun cp:
S
ba
= k
s
.P
dmax
Trong :
- S
ba
- Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p [VA].
- k
s
- H s cng sut theo s mch ng lc.
Theo bng 1.2, ta c k
s
i vi chnh lu 2 na chu k vi bin p c trung tnh l:
k
s
= 1,48.
S
ba
= 1,48. 925,5 = 1409,7 [VA]
4, Tnh ton s b mch t :
.
.
S
ba
Q K
Fe Q
m f
Trong :
Q
Fe
- Tit din tr ca li thp bin p, cm
2
k
Q
- H s ph thuc vo iu kin lm mt chn k
Q
= 5
m - S pha ca my bin p (MBA), m = 1
f - Tn s ngun in xoay chiu f = 50Hz
=>
1409,7
5. 26,55
1.50
Q
Fe
cm
2
5, Tnh ton dy qun bin p :
n thit b iu khin 24

4
.10
W
4,44. . .
U
f Q B
Fe
Vng
Trong
- w - S vng dy qun
- U - in p ca cun dy cn tnh
- B - T cm, B = (1,0-1,8) Tesla, chn B = 1,0 Tesla
- Q
Fe
- Tit din li thp
* ) Bn s cp : U
1
= 220 v

1
4
.10
1
W
4,44. . .
U
f Q B
Fe
=
4
220.10
4,44.50.26.55.1
= 373 ( Vng )
* ) Bn th cp : ( c 2 cun th cp nh nhau )

0
2
U
d
U
K
u
=
38,1
0.9
= 42,33 V
S vng dy:

2
4
.10
2
W
4,44. . .
U
f Q B
Fe
=
4
42,33.10
4,44.50.26.55.1
= 72 ( Vng )
*) Tnh dng in trong cc cun dy MBA :
+) Bn th cp :

K
2
=
2
I
I
d
( K
2
tra bng 8.2 ta c K
2
= 0,71 )
=> I
2
= K
2
. I
d
= 0,71 . 25 = 17,75 ( A)
+) Bn s cp :
K
1
=
1
.
I
Id K
ba
( K
1
tra bng 8.2 ta c K
1
= 1,0 )
V K
ba
=
2
1
U
U

=> I
2
= K
1
. I
d
.
2
1
U
U
= 1. 17,75.
42,33
220
= 3,415 A
n thit b iu khin 25
*, Tnh tit din dy dn:
Chn mt dng in trong my bin p:
Vi dy dn ng Cu, MBA kh chn: J
1
= J
2
= 2,75 A/mm
2

Vy
S
CU1
=
1
1
I
J
=
3.415
2,75
= 1,242 mm
2
S
CU2
=
2
2
I
J
=
17,75
2,75
= 6,45 mm
2
Chn dy dn trn th ng knh dy d1, d2 c tnh :
d
1
=
4
1
S
Cu
=
4.1,424
= 1,245 mm
d
2
=
4
2
S
Cu
=
4.6,45
= 2,87 mm
quy chun ng knh dy v tit din dy theo bng

d
1
= 1,25 mm , S
CU1
= 1,2272 mm
2
d
2
= 2,83 mm , S
CU2
= 6,29 mm
2
do mt dng in cun th cp :
J
1
=
2
2
I
S
Cu
=
.4
2
2
.
2
I
d
=
17,75.4
2
2,83 .
= 2,82 mm
2
6. Tnh kch thc mch t :
Do S
ba
= 1409,7 VA < 10 KVA
Nn ta chn tr ch nht vi kch thc Q
Fe
= a.b
( a : b rng tr , b : b dy tr )
Q
Fe
= a.b = 26,55 cm
2

Ta chon l thp k thut in dy 0,5 mm
Din tch ca s cn c :
Q
CS
= Q
cs1
+ Q
cs2
Vi :
Q
cs1
= K
ld
. W
1
. S
cu1

Q
cs2
= K
ld
. W
2
. S
cu2
n thit b iu khin 26
Trong Q
cs
, Q
cs1
, Q
cs2
: l din tch ca s , din tch ca s ca cun dy s
cp v th cp chim ch [ cm
2
]
W
1
, W
2
: s vng dy cun s cp v th cp
K
ld
: h s lp y , thng chn K
ld
= 2,0 3,0
Chn K
ld
= 3 ta c :
Q
cs1
= K
ld
. W
1
. S
cu1
= 3. 373. 1,2272 = 1373 cm
2
Q
cs2
= K
ld
. W
2
. S
cu2
= 3. 72. 6,29 = 1359 cm
2
=> Q
CS
= Q
cs1
+ Q
cs2
= 1273 + 1359 = 2723 cm
2

Hnh v s kt cu li thp bin p
T Q
Fe
= a.b = 26,55 cm
2

Chn a= 5 cm , b = 5,31 cm
Ta c t l ti u :
m =
h
a
= 2 4 = > chn m = 2 => h = 2.a = 10 cm
n =
c
a
= 0,5 2,5 = > chn n = 0,7 => c = 0,7 .a = 3,5 cm
chiu rng mch t :
C = 2c + 2a = 2.3,5 + 2.5 = 17 cm
Chiu cao mch t :
H = h + z.a = h + a = 10 +1.5 = 15 cm ( z=1 )
n thit b iu khin 27
7 . kt cu dy qun :
*) s vng dy trn mi lp :

2
W .
l
h h
g
K
e
d
n
Trong :
h
1g
= d
1n
= 1,33 1,36 => chn 1,35
h
2g
= d
2n
= 2,94 2,96 => chn 2,94
K
e
= 0,95 h s p cht
+) cun s cp W
1
:
1
2
1
W .
1
l
h h
g
K
e
d
n
=
100 2.1,35
1,35
= 68,46 => chn W

1
= 68 ( vng )
s lp :
n
ld1
=
W
1
W
1l
=
373
68
= 5,48 => chn n
ld1
= 6 lp
vy cun s cp c 6 lp : 5 lp c 68 vng, 1 lp c 33 vng
+) cun th cp W
2
: cun ny gm c 2 cun :

n thit b iu khin 28

W
2l
=
2.
2
2
.0, 95
2
h
h
g
d
n
=
100
2.2,94
2
.0, 95
2,94
= 14,26 => chn W

2l
= 14 vng
S lp : n
ld1
=
W
2
W
2l
=
72
14
= 5,14 => chn n
ld1
= 6 lp
Mi cun th cp gm 2 cun dy W
2
, mi cun c 6 lp trong 5 lp c 14
vng v 1 lp 2 vng .
*) b dy cun dy :
Bd
ct
= d . n
ld
+ cd . n
ld
= ( d + cd ) . n
ld
= d
n
. n
ld
Chn b dy cch in cd = 0,1 mm ta c :
Bd
ct1
= 1,35 . 6 = 8,1 cm
Bd
ct2
= 2,94 . 6 = 17,64 cm
Tng b dy cc cun dy :
Bd = Bd
ct1
+ Bd
ct2
+ cd
n
+ cd
t
+cd
12

Chn cd
n
= cd
t
= cd
12
= 1 mm ta c :
Bd = 8,1 + 17,64 + 1 + 1 +1 = 28,74 cm
kch

thc hp l gia cun dy v tr :
C = c Bd = 3,5 - 28,74 = 6,26 mm = 0,63 cm => ph hp
n thit b iu khin 29
Vy :
a = 5 cm
b = 5,31 cm
h = 10 cm
c = 3,5 cm
8 ) Tnh khi lng st :
M
Fe
= V
Fe
. m
Fe
( Kg )
Trong : V
Fe
: th tch ca mch t
V
Fe
= a.b.( m.h + 2.c )
= 5.5,31. (3.10 + 2.3,5 )
= 982,35 cm
3

= 0,98235 dm
3
M
Fe
= 0,89235 . 7,85 = 7,711 ( kg ) = 7,7 kg
9 ) Khi lng ng :

M
Fe
= V
Fe
. m
Fe
( Kg )
= S
cu
. L. m
cu
* ) cun s cp W
1
:
L
1
= W
1
. . D
tb1

Vi :
D
tb1
=
1 1
2
D D
t n
+
ng knh trung bnh ca cun dy
v D
t1
= D
Fe
+ 2cd
1

trong :
D
Fe
: a . ng knh tr st
D
t1
: ng knh trong
Cd
t
: cch in trong ( = 1 mm )
Ta c :
D
t1
= 50 + 2.1 = 52 mm
D
n1
= D
t1
+ 2.( d + cd ).n
ld1
= D
t1
+ 2.d
n
. n
ld1
= 52 + 2.1,35.6
= 68,2 mm
D
tb1
=
1 1
2
D D
t n
+
=
52 68,2
2
+
= 60,1 mm
n thit b iu khin 30
Chiu di cun dy s cp :
L
1
= W
1
. . D
tb1
= 373. . 60,1 = 70426 mm = 704,26 dm
* ) xt 1 cun dy th cp W
2

D
tb2
=
2 2
2
D D
t n
+

D
t2
= D
n1
= 68,2
D
n1
= D
t2
+ 2.( d + cd ).n
ld2
= D
t2
+ 2.d
n
. n
ld2

= 68,2 + 2.2,94.6 = 103,48 mm
D
tb2
=
103,48 68,2
2
+
= 85,84 mm
Chiu di 1 cun dy th cp :
L
2
= W
2
. . D
tb2
= 72. . 85,84 = 19417 mm = 194,17 dm

Vy khi lng ng :
M
cu
= ( L
1
. S
1
+ 2. L
2
.S
2
). M
cu

= (704,27.1,2272 + 2.194,17.6,29 ) . 10
-4
. 8,9
= 2,943 kg
10 ) St p trn MBA :
ip p trn in tr :

2
2
2. . .
2 1
1
W
U R R I
R d
W
1
_
1
+
1
,
1
]
Trong :
R
1
=
1
1
l
S
=
70426
0.0000172. 0, 99
1,2272

( )
R
2
=
2
2
l
S
=
19417
0.0000172. 0, 053
6,29

( )
=> tng in tr quy i MBA :
2
2
72
2
2. . 2.0, 053 0, 99. 0,143
2 1
373
1
W
R R R
W
_
_
+ +

,
,

( )
T :
n thit b iu khin 31
. 0,143.25 3, 575 U R I
R d

(v) = 3,6 V
* ) in p ri trn in khng :
. .
I
d
U m X
X f n

Trong :
m
f
= 1 s pha MBA
X
n
=
2 7 1 2
2
2
2.8 .W . . . .10
3
bk
R Bd Bd
cd
h

+ _ 1
+
1
] ,
Vi R
bk
= D
tb2
= 6,82 cm
=> X
n
=
3 7
6, 82 8,1 17, 64
2
2.8 .72. . 1 .10 .2 .50.10
10 3

+ _ 1
+
1
, ]
= 0,168 ( )
T :
. .
I
d
U m X
X f n

=
25
1.0,168. 1, 34
( V )
in p ri trn bin p :

3, 6 1, 34 4, 94 U U U
R X
+ +
( V )
11 ) in tr ngn mch MBA :
R
mn
=
2
2
72
2
2. . 2.0, 053 0, 99. 0,143
2 1
373
1
W
R R R
W
_
_
+ +

,
,

( )
12 ) Tng tr ngn mch ca MBA :

2 2 2
0,143 0,168 0, 22 Z R X
nm n
nm
+ +
( )
13 ) in p ngn mch MBA :

33
2
150
0,22
U
dm
I
nm
Z
nm

( A )
14 ) in p ngn mch phn trm ca MBA :

.
25.0,22
% .100 16, 67%
33
2
I Z
dm nm
U
nm
U
dm

( A )
n thit b iu khin 32
Chng 4 : Tnh chn cc thit b bo v
I ) Bo v qu dng in :
Lm mt van bn dn
Ta c :
+ ) tn hao cong sut trn 1 thysistor :
P = U . I = 3,1. 25 = 77,5 ( W )
+ ) din tch v mt to nhit :
S
tn
=
.
tn
P
k
Trong :
S
tn
: din tch b mt ta nhit ( cm
2
)

: chnh lch nhit

= T
lv
T
mt
= 80 40 = 40
0

C

tn
k
: H s xt ti iu kin ta nhit

tn
k
= ( 6- 10 ).10
-4
( N/cm
2
.
0
C)
=>
tn
k
= 8.10
-4
( N/cm
2
.
0
C)
Vy S
tn
=
4
77, 5
40.8.10
= 2422 cm
2
= 0,2422 m
2

Do P = 77,5 W < 100W nn ta chn cch lm mt bng cch gn van bn dn
ln cch tn nhit
Chn loi c 12 cnh nh hnh v di :
Ta chn :
a = 15 cm
b = 10 cm
h = 11 cm
h
1
= 10 cm
h
0
= 1 cm
c = 0,3 cm
z = 1 cm
=> din tch tn nhit l :
S
tn
= 11.2.h
1
.b + 2.b.h + 12.c.b + 2.12. c. h
1
+ 11.z.b + 2.h
0
.a + a.b
= 2788 cm
2
> 2422 cm
2
tha mn iu kin lm mt :
bo v cho van dn ta dng
n thit b iu khin 33
+) Aptomat c cc thng s :
I
lv
= I
1
= 3,42 A
dng in qua aptomat cn chn :
=> I
dm
= 1,1 . I
lv
= 1,1. 3,42 = 3,762 ( A )
=> U
dm
= 220 ( V )
Dng ngn mch :
I
nm
= 2,5 . I
lv
= 6,05 ( A )
Dng qu ti :
I
qt
= 1,5. I
lv
= 5,13 ( A )
Chn loi Aptomat SC68N/SC108N hng sn xut SiNo c cc thng s nh
mc :
I
dm
= 6- 10 ( A )
U
dm
= 220 ( V )
+) chn cu dao c cc thng s :
I
dm
= 1,1. 3,42 = 3,762 ( A )
Dng to khong cch an ton khi sa cha v ct b ngun chnh lu khi
ngun cp khi cn thit
n thit b iu khin 34
Chn loi cu dao : VLS/VLS1 loi 1 cc hng sn xut Vanlock
II ) bo v qu in p cho thit b bn dn :
Bo v xung in p do qu trnh ng ct cc van c dng mch R-C mc
song song vi van bn dn nh hnh.
Khi c s chuyn mch, do phng in t van ra ngoi to nn xung in p trn tip
xc P-N. Mch R-C mc song song vi van bn dn to mch vng phng in tch
qu trong qu trnh chuyn mch van.
Theo Ti liu thit k ta c th chn cc gi tr nh
sau:
R = (5-30) R = 15
C = (0,5-4) F C=2 F
n thit b iu khin 35
Chng 5 : Tnh ton cun khng lc dng in
I ) Tnh ton cc cun khng lc - CKL dng in p mch:
S p mch ca in p chnh lu lm cho dng in ti cng p mch theo , lm
xu i cht lng dng in 1 chiu . Do vy ta phi thit k thm cun khng lc
RLC lm gim i s p mch ny :
+ ) tr s in cm ca cun khng lc thnh phn dng in p mch c tnh
theo biu thc :
.100
max
*
2. . . . .
% dd
U
dn
L
L
K m I I
m
Trong :
L
L
: tr s in cm p mch cn thit [ H ]
I
ddm
: dng in nh mc ca b chnh lu ( A )
=3,14 : tn s gc ( s
-1
)
K= 1,2,3, bi s sng hi . chn k= 1
m : s ln p mch trong 1 chu k m = 2
U
dnmax
: bin thnh phn sng hi ca in p chnh lu
I
%
*
: tr hiu dng ca dng in sng hi c bn ly t s theo dng in nh mc
ca chnh lu I
%
*
< 10 % => chn I
%
*
= 10 %
Ta c :

2cos
2 2 2 max
. 1 . .
2 2
.( 1)
0
U
dn
k m tg
U
k m
d
Ta c :

1 os
.
0
2
c
U U
d d
= > cos
=
2
1
0
U
d
U
d
=
2.33
1 0, 732
38,1

= > tg
= 0,93
= >
2cos
2 2 2
. . 1 . .
max 0
2 2
.( 1)
U U k m tg
dn d
k m

+
=
2.0,732
2 2 2
38,1. . 1 1 .2 .0,93 39, 3
max 2 2
1 .(2 1)
U
dn
+
( V )
T :
39,3.100
0,0177
2.1.2.314.10.25
L
L

( H )
n thit b iu khin 36
* ) thit k cun khng lc ( CKL ) dng in p mch :
+) cc thng s cn thit :
- in cm ca cun khng L
CK
= 0,0177 (H)
- Dng in nh mc qua cun khng I
dm
= 25 (A)
- thnh phn dng in xoay chiu cho php ca sng hi bc nht :
I
~1
= 0,1.I
dm
= 2,5 (A)
Thng thng dy qun cun khng loi ny c tit din kh ln , do vy in
tr thun ca cun khng nh c th b qua . V vy ( R
ck
~ 0 )
Z
CK
= 2.f.L
CK
(

f' = f.m )
Vy: Z
CK
= 2.50.2.0,0177 = 11,12 ()
1 ) in p ri trn cun khng :
U
CKL
= Z
CKL
. I
~1
= 11,12 . 2,5 = 27,8 ( V )
2) tnh cng sut trn cun khng lc :
P
CKL
= U
CKL.
I
~1
= 27,8 . 2,5 = 69,5 ( W )
3 ) tnh ton li thp cun khng lc :

.
'
P
CKL
Q K
Fe
f
Trong : f
= 2f = 100 s ln p mch trong 1 chu k

K = 5- 6 => chn K =5 h s ph thuc vo phng thc lm mt
=>
69.5
5. 4,17
100
Q
Fe
( cm
2
) = > qu nh qun dy
Do ta chn
Q
Fe
= 20 cm
2

4 ) tnh ton dy qun cun khng :
Dng in gin on c dng l xung dng in , do khi chy trong cun
khng xut hin sc in ng t cm E
CKL
c tnh :
E
CKL
= 4,44.K
dq
.W.f
. = 4,44.K
dq
.W. f
.B.Q
Fe

Trong :
K
dq
= 1,1 1,3 : h s dy qun => chn 1,2
W : s vng dy cun khng lc
f
: tn s dng in sau chnh lu : f
= m.f = 2.50 = 100

B : mt t cm li tho B = 1,1 1,3 => chn B = 1,0 tesla
=> W =
'
4,44. . . .
E
CKL
K f BQ
dq Fe
=
'
4,44. . . .
U
CKL
K f BQ
dq Fe
=
27,8
4
4,44.1,1.100.1,0.20.10
n thit b iu khin 37
W = 28,46 => chn W = 28 vng
Dy qun cun khng c tit din :
S
cu
=
I
dm
J
( I
dm
= I
k
) chn J= 2,75 A/mm
2
Ta c dng in chy trong cun khng :
I = I
d
+ I
1m
. cos(60+
)
=> I
k
=
2
2
0,125
2 2
~1
25 25, 06
2 2
I
I
d
_ _
+ +

, ,
( A )
=>S
cu
=
I
k
J
=
25,06
9,11
2,75

( mm
2
)
=> chn loi c :
{
13,2
2,75
S
d

2
( )
( )
mm
mm
=> mt dng in khi :
J =
I
k
S
cu
=
25,06
13,2
= 1,9 ( A/mm
2
)
Ta c : Q
Fe
= 20 cm
2

Chn :
a= 4 cm = 40 mm
b= 5 cm = 50 mm
=> chn :
h = 2.a = 2.40 = 80 mm
c = 0,8.a = 0,8.40 = 32 mm
din tch ca s :
Q
cs
= h.c = 8.3,2 = 25,6 cm
2

Q
Fe
= a.b = 4.5 = 20 cm
2
Chiu di mch t :
C = 2.c + 2.a = 2.3,2 + 2.4 = 14,2 cm
Chiu cao mch t :
H = h+ a = 8 + 4 = 12 cm
* ) s vng dy trn 1 lp :

2.
W .
1
h h
g
K
l e
d
n

trong :
K
e
= 0,95 : h s p cht
d
n
: ng knh dy qun k c cch in
d
n
= 4,6 4,63 chon d
n
= 4,6
=> h
g
= d
n
= 4,6 mm
n thit b iu khin 38
= >
80 2.4,6
W .0, 95 14, 62
1
4,6
l

= > chn W
L1
= 14 vng
S lp dy qun trn cun dy
N
ld
=
W
W
l
=
28
2
14

lp

* ) b dy cun dy
Bd = ( d + cd ) .n
ld
= d
n
.n
ld
= 4,6 .2 = 9,2 mm
* ) tng b dy cun dy :

Bd
= Bd + cd
t

Trong :
Cd
t
: cch in dy qun vi tr ta chn cd
t
= 3 mm

Bd
= 9,2 + 3 = 12,2 mm
* ) khong cch hp l gia dy qun v tr :
C = C -
Bd
= 32 12,2 = 19,8 mm ~ 2cm

* ) khi lng st M
Fe
:
M
Fe
= V
Fe
. m
Fe

= ab. ( 3.h + 2.c ). 10
-4
.7,85
= 4.5. ( 3.8 + 2.3,2 ).10
-4
.7,85
= 4,775 kg
* ) khi lng ng M
Cu
:
Ta c
Chiu di ca vng dy trong cng :
L
t
= 2.( a + b ) + 2 .cd
t
= 2 .( 40 + 50) + 2 .3 = 199 mm
Chiu di ca vng dy ngoi cng:
L
n
= 2.( a + b ) + 2.(cd
t
+
Bd
) = 2.( 40 + 50 ) + 2 .( 3 + 12,2 ) = 965,4 mm

Chiu di trung bnh ca mt vng dy:
L
tb
=
L L
1 2
2
+
= 2
199 965,4
582, 2
2
+
mm
=> khi lng ng Cu :
M
cu
= L
tb
.W.S.m
cu
= 582,2 . 28. 13,2 . 8,9.10
-2
. 10
-4
= 1,915 kg
~ 1,92 kg
n thit b iu khin 39
Chng VI : Tnh ton v thit k mch iu khin
A . Cc bc thit k:
1 / tm hiu v mch iu khin < nguyn tc iu khin >
iu khin Tiristor trong s chnh lu hin nay hin nay c nhiu phng php
khc nhau, thng gp l iu khin theo nguyn tc thng ng tuyn tnh.
Nguyn l iu khin ny c th c m t trn hnh v :
Hnh v cc ng cong in p qu trnh iu khin van
Ta c in p hnh sin U
df
t vo Anod ca Tiristor, c th iu khin c gc
m van ca Triristor ta cn to mt in p ta dng rng ca U
RC
nh trn s
hnh trn, in p rng ca ny c so snh vi in p iu khin U
dk
. Khi no
in p ta bng vi in p iu khin (U
RC
= U
dk
) th ta pht xung m Triristor X
dk
,
Triristor s c m t khi c xung iu khin cho ti cui bn k, hoc cho ti khi
no dng in I =0.
2 / s khi mch iu khin :
c th iu khin c van bn dn ng m theo nguyn l nu trn, ta cn
mch iu khin vi 3 s khi c nu hnh v :
n thit b iu khin 40
Hnh v s khi mch iu khin
a ) nhim v cc khu :
* ) Khu ng pha : c nhim v to in p ta dng rng ca U
RC
, thng
thng l in p ta rng ca dng tuyn tnh, trng pha vi in p anod ca
Triristor.
*) Khu so snh : nhn tn hiu in p rng ca v in p iu khin, thc hin
cng vic so snh gia 2 in p, v ti thi im hai in p bng nhau
(U
RC
= U
dk
) th pht xung iu khin Triristor gi sang tng khuch i
(khu to xung).
* ) Khu to xung : c nhim v to xung ph hp m Tiristor, vi yu cu
ca xung m Tiristor l c sn trc dc thng ng, m bo xung loi ny l
xung kim hoc xung ch nht, rng v cng sut m c van, v m bo
l cch ly gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc.
Hnh v d ng xung iu khin van
Mch iu khin chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh gm 2 knh
iu khin. Mi knh s to xung tng ng cho tng van T1 v T2 khi n
na chu k dng ca in p hay na chu k m ca n.
Ta c s dng in p qua b iu khin xt cho knh iu khin van T1
nh hnh v
* ) Khu khch i xung ( khu khch i cui cng ) :
n thit b iu khin 41
Tin hnh khch i xung t mch dng xung a m bo m chc chn
tiristor . khu ny cng thng lm nhim v cch ly gia mch iu khin v mch
lc .
B ) tnh ton cc thng s ca mch iu khin :
Chn loi van tiristor C48C300 c cc thng s cn thit:
- in p iu khin Tiristor : U
dk
= 3 V
- Dng in iu khin Tiristor : I
dk
= 75 mA =0,075 A
- Thi gian m Tiristor : t
m
= 80 s
- rng xung iu khin : t
x
= 2 . t
m
= 160 s
- Tn s xung iu khin : fx = 3 kHz
- mt i xng cho php : = 4
o
- in p ngun nui mch iu khin : U = 12V
- Mc st bin xung :
sx = 0,15

I/ Tnh ton my bin p xung :
Chn vt liu lm li st l st Ferit dng hnh vng xuyn lm vic trn mt phn
c tnh t ha c: B = 0,3T; H = 30 A/m.
-) T s bin p xung: thng m = (2-3), chn m =3.
-) in p cun th cp bin p xung U
2
= U
dk
= 3 V
-) in p s cp bin p xung: U
1
= m.U
2
= 3.3 = 9 V
-) Dng in th cp bin p xung: I
2
= I
d
= 0,15 A
-)Dng in s cp bin p xung : I
1
=
0,075
2
0,025
3
I
m
A
-) t thm trung bnh tng i ca li st:
0,3
3
8.10
6
.
1,25.10 .30
0
B
U
tb
H
Trong
0
= 4.10
-7
=
6
1, 25.10
( H/m )
-) th tch li thp cn c :
V = Q. l =
. . . . .
0 1 1
2
U t S U I
tb x x
B
=
3 6 6
8.10 .1,25.10 .160.10 .0,15.9.0,25
2
0,3

= 9.10
-7
( m
3
) = 0,9 .10
-6
( m
3
) = 0,9 cm
3

Theo bng 1.5 ti liu thit k bng thng s cc loi li thp hnh xuyn trn ta
chn c mch t l A0-20/25-6,5 co th tch
n thit b iu khin 42
V = 0,162 . 7,1 = 1,15 cm
3

T ta c cc kch thc ca mch t nh sau :
a = 2,5 mm
b = 6,5 mm
d = 20 mm
D = 25 mm
Q = 0,162 cm
2
l = 7,1 cm
Q
cs
= 3,14 cm
2

* ) tnh ton cun s cp :
-) S vng dy qun s cp bin p xung: Theo nh lut cm ng in t:
Theo nh lut cm ng in t ta c :

W . . W . .
1 1 1
dB B
U Q Q
dt t
x

=> W
1
=
6
9.160.10
. 296
1
4
.
0,3.0,162.10
t
x
U
BQ
-) tit din dy qun s cp :

S
1
=
1
1
0, 025
0, 0042
6
I
J

mm
2
( chn mt dng in J
1
= 6 A/mm
2
)
-) ng knh dy qun s cp :
n thit b iu khin 43

4.
4.0,0042
1
0,073
1
S
d

mm
Theo bng P.5 - Ti liu thit k, Thng s ca dy ng tiu chun
Ta chn c loi dy:
S
1
= 0,00785 mm
2
d
1
= 0,1 mm
* ) tnh ton cun th cp :
-) s vng dy th cp :

1
2
W 296
W 98
3 m

vng
-) tit din dy qun s cp :
S
1
=
2
2
0, 075
0, 01875
4
I
J

mm
2
( chn mt dng in J
1
= 6 A/mm
2
)
-) ng knh dy qun s cp :

4.
4.0,01875
2
0,155
2
S
d

mm
Ta chn c loi dy:
S
2
= 0,02011 mm
2
d
1
= 0,16 mm
-) kim tra li h s lp y :
K
ld
=
W . W .
0,00785.296 0,02011.98
1 1 2 2
0,0126
2
3,14.10
S S
Q
cs
+
+

Nh vy ca s S cn thit
II / Tnh ton cc khu :
1 ) khu ng pha :
n thit b iu khin 44
ip p U
0
ng pha qua iot D
1
, D
2
c dng in p 1 chiu na hnh sin . in
p xoay chiu ng pha U
A
= 12 V .
in tr R
1
c dng hn ch dng vo KTT.
Chn R
1
= 10 (K )
Chn gc duy tr v kha nng lng l 5
0
th in p t vo ca dng ca b so
snh l :
D
d
=
0 0
2. .sin5 2.12.sin5 1, 48 1, 5 U V.
T :
=>
.
3
1,5 7.
2 3
3 2
E R
R R
R R

+
.
Chn R
1
= 35 ( K ) . R
3
chn loi 100 K, t gi tr 5 K
Chn khch i thut ton l loi TL084 c :
Ngun cung cp E = t 12 V
Nhit lm vic t = -25
85
0
C
Cng sut tiu th P = 680 mW
Tng tr u vo R
in
= 10
6
M
Dng in ra I
ra
= 30 pA
in p U
o
c so snh vi in p trn in tr R
3
. ti thi im U
o
= U
R3
th i
du ca in p ra khch i thut ton :
+ in p ti ca m
U
R3
=
.
3
3 1
E R
R R
+
+
in p ca dng bng Uo

.
in p ra bng :
n thit b iu khin 45
U
ra
= K
o
.( U
+
-

U
-
) = K
o
. ( U
o
- U
R3
)
Khi U
0
> U
R3
th in p ra U
ra
= U
bh
= E -1,5 V
2 ) khu to in p rng ca :
a) s v nguyn l :

ip p ng b c a vo ca o ca khu to ip p rng ca .
Khi U
dp
( U
dp
= -U
bh
) khi D
3
dn , t C np in , in p trn t C bng in p
u ra OA2 .
ip p trn t C np tng tuyn tnh n tr s ngng ca it n p DZ v gi
in p tr s ny .
na chu k sau , khi U
db
> 0 th D
3
kha nn dng qua D
3
bng 0 , t phng in ,
in p trn t C ( in p ra ) gim tuyn tnh tnh . Khi in p gim n 0 ri m
th iot DZ dn nh iot bnh thng gi cho in gi tr 0 .
b ) tnh ton :
+ ) khi U
dp
< 0 ( U
dp
= - U
bh
) th D
3
dn t C c np in . in p trn t C
bng in p u ra ca OPAM . Thng thng thit k vi R
5
<< R
4
do c
i
R5
>> i
R4
, n gin b qua i
R4
nn i
R5
= i
C

U
ra
= U
C
= U
c
(0) +
1 1
. . i dt i dt
c c
C C
( v U
c
(0) = o )
iot n p khng cho in p np trn t C qu U
dz
.
n thit b iu khin 46
Chn loi iot n p l KC210B c in p n p l : U
dz
= 10 (V)
Dng ti a I = 22 ( mmA )
Vi tn s cng nghip f= 50 Hz th mi na chu k T = 10 ( ms ), chn R
4
v
C sao cho t c np n in p U
dz
trong thi gian t = t
n
= 0,5 (ms)
4
3
10
. . 2.10 .
0, 5.10
C
C C
I
U t I C C
C

Chn C = 0,2 ( uF) => I
c
= 0,2. 10
-6
.2.10
4
= 4. 10
-3
( A )
R
4
=
1, 5
2, 6
C
E
I
( k ) chn R
4
= 3 ( k )
+) khi U
dp
> 0 ( U
dp
= + U
bh
) th D3 kha , t C phng in
Dng phng in : I
p
=
5 6
E
R R +
in p trn t C gim dn theo thi gian :
U
c
(t) = U
c
(0) +
1 1 1
. . 10 . .
5 6
E
i dt U i dt t
c c
dz p
C C R R C

+
Thi gian phng in t = t
p
= 0,5 ms , ti thi im t
p
in p trn t bng 0
=>
1
10 . .
5 6
E
t
p
R R C
+
= 0 => R
5
+ R
6
= 57 ( k )
Chn R
6
= 10 ( k ) . chn R
5
loi 100 ( k ) , t gi tr 50 ( k )
3 ) khu so snh :
a/ s nguyn l
so snh in p ta v in p iu khin , im cn bng ca hai in p ny
l thi im m tiristor .
khi U
dk
> U
rc
th in p ra ca khu so snh l U
ra
= + U
bh
= E 1,5 ( V )
khi U
dk
< U
rc
th in p ra ca khu so snh l U
ra
= - U
bh
= -( E 1,5 ) ( V )
kt qu cho in p xung ch nht
n thit b iu khin 47
b ) tnh ton
R
6
chn 10 ( k ) , chn khu KTT l loi TL084, ngun nui E = t 12 ( V )
4 ) khu khch a xung cui cng :
R8 TR1
BC142
D6
1N4003
D5
1N4003 R9
MBA XUNG D7
1N4003
+12V
10k
5k
Uss
Ura
n thit b iu khin 48
Chn Tranzitor cng sut Tr
2
loi BC142 lm vic ch xung c cc thng s:
- Tranzitor loi npn, vt liu bn dn Si
- Cng sut tiu tn Collecto: P
C
= 0,8 W
- Nhit ln nht mt tip gip: T = 175
0
C
Chn D4, D5, D6 loi 1N4003 c : I
max
= 1 A , U
ng
= 200 V
Chn cc loi in tr R
8
= 10 ( k ) , R
9
= 5 ( k )
5 ) to ngun nui :
n thit b iu khin 49
Thit k my bin p dng cho c vic to in p ng pha v to ngun nui,
chn kiu my bin p 1 pha, trn tr thp c 5 cun dy nh hnh trn, vi mt
cun s cp v 4 cun th cp:
- ) Cun th 1 v th 2 l cc cun dy ng pha, cc cun dy ny cn
ly trung thc in p hnh sin ca li.
- ) Cun th 3:
Cn to ra in p 12V (c n p) cp ngun nui cho cc IC, m c th l
A
1
, A
2
, A
3
.
n nh in p u ra ca ngun nui ta dng 2 vi mch n p 7812 v
7912, vi cc thng s ca vi mch nh sau:
+ in p u vo: U
V
= 7 - 35 V
+ in p u ra: Vi 7812 U
ra
= +12V
Vi 7912 U
ra
= - 12V
+ Dng in u ra: I
ra
= 0 - 1 A
+ Cc t in C lc thnh phn sng hi bc cao: Chn
C = 470 F, U = 35 V
- ) Cun th 4:
Cun ny c nhim v to ngun nui cho bin p xung, cp xung iu khin cho
cc Tisistor. Mi khi pht xung iu khin cng sut xung ng k, nn ngun cp
cho bin p xung cn phi c lp vi ngun cp cho cc khuch i thut ton
trnh b st p ngun.
n thit b iu khin 50
* / Tnh ton my bin p ngun nui v ng pha:
1. in p ly ra th cp cun dy ngun nui IC: U
23
= 14 V.
2. Cng sut tiu th 6 IC TL 084 s dng lm khuch i thut ton
ta chn 2 IC TL 084 khi s c 8 khuch i thut ton, ta s dng
6 khuch i thut ton cho 2 knh iu khin v 1 cho mch tr
ly ng hi tip dng in (tnh ton phn sau):
P
IC
= 7.p
IC
= 7.0,68 = 4,76 W
3. Cng sut bin p xung cp cho cc iu khin Tiristor:
P
X
= 6.U
dk
.I
dk
= 6.3.0,075 = 1,35 W
3. in p pha th cp cun dy ngun nui bin p xung:

12
8, 51
24
1,41
U
5. in p ly ra cun ng pha U
21
= U
22
= U
df
= 9 V
6. Dng in chy qua cun dy chn 10 mA.
7. Cng sut cc cun dy ng pha:
P
df
= 2.U
df
.I
X
= 2.9.0,01 = 0,18 W
8. Cng sut s dng cho vic to ngun nui:
P
N
= P
df
+ P
X
+ P
IC
= 0,18 + 1,35 + 4,76 = 6,29 W
9. Cng sut ca my bin p c k n 5% tn hao trong my:
S = 1,05.P
N
= 1,05.6,29 = 6,6045 W
10. dng in s cp bin p :
1
1
6, 6045
0, 03( ) 30
220
S
I A mA
U

11. tit din tr tnh theo cng thc :

6,6045
2
. 5. 1,8172( )
. 1.50
S
Q K cm
t Q
m f

=> chn
a = 12 mm
b = 16 mm
h = 60 mm
=> chn Q
t
= 12.16 = 192 mm
2
= 1,92 cm
2
12 Chn mt t cm B = 1T trong t ta c s vng dy qun s cp:
1
1 4
220
W 5161
4, 44. . . 4, 44.50.1.1, 92.10
t
U
f BQ

vng
13. chn mt dng in J
1
= J
2
= 2,75 A/mm
2
Tit din dy qun s cp :
S
1
=
1
1
0, 03
0, 011
2, 75
I
J

A/mm
2
n thit b iu khin 51
ng knh dy qun s cp :
d
1
=
1
4
0,118
S
mm
=> tra bng ta c :
d = 0,12 mm
S = 0,01131 mm
2
=> ng knh b ngoi k c cch in l :
d = 0,14 mm
14 . s vng dy qun th cp W
21
= W
22
:
W
21
= W
22
= W
1
.
9
23
5161. 211
220
1
U
U

vng
15 . s vng dy qun th cp W
23

W
23
= W
1
.
14
23
5161. 328
220
1
U
U

vng
16. s vng dy qun th cp W
24

W
24
= W
1
.
8,51
24
5161. 199
220
1
U
U

vng
17. ng knh cc cun th cp : v kch thc nh khng ng k nn chn
d = 0,26 mm
18. tnh chn it cho b chnh lu ngun nui :
+) vi cun dy 3 : xt trng hp ch cun 3 lm vic th khi :
I
3
=
6, 6045
0, 472
23 14
S
U

A
Dng in qua mi van :
I
D
=
1 1
. .0,472 0,236
3
2 2
I
A
=> dng in nh mc qua van : I
dm
= 10.I
D
= 2,36 A
in p ngc van cn chn :
U
nv
= K
dtU
. U
nmax
= 1,8 . 9,8 = 35,64 v
K
dtU
: h s d tr in p .
+) vi cun dy 4 : xt trng hp ch cun 4 lm vic th khi :
I
4
=
6, 6045
0, 776
24 8, 51
S
U

A
Dng in qua mi van :
I
D
=
1 1
. .0, 776 0, 388
4
2 2
I
A
n thit b iu khin 52
dng in nh mc qua van : I
dm
= 10.I
D
= 3,88 A
in p ngc van cn chn :
U
nv
= K
dtU
. U
nmax
= 1,8 . 12,03 = 21,66 V
n gin ta dng cng 1 loi it p ng c c 2 yu cu ca 2 dy it trn.
Theo bng P1 thng s chn loi MR 2000 vi cc thng s :
+ ) dng in chnh lu cc i : I
max
= 20 A
+ ) in p ngc ca it : I
nv
= 50 V
n thit b iu khin 53
n thit b iu khin 54
n thit b iu khin 55

Do An Thiet Ke Bo Nguon Chinh Luu Co Dieu Khien Cho Tai Nap Ac Quy 1479

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Do An Thiet Ke Bo Nguon Chinh Luu Co Dieu Khien Cho Tai Nap Ac Quy 1479

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Nguyn Vn Hng MSSV : 20071415 Lp TB 1- K52

Nhc im ca phng php np vi dng khng i l thi gian np ko

Vi chnh lu cu 3 pha to ra in p dy ln , nhng s phc tp ca chnh lu

= 68,46 => chn W

= 14,26 => chn W

: chnh lch nhit

= 2f = 100 s ln p mch trong 1 chu k

: tn s dng in sau chnh lu : f

= m.f = 2.50 = 100

= 32 12,2 = 19,8 mm ~ 2cm

) = 2.( 40 + 50 ) + 2 .( 3 + 12,2 ) = 965,4 mm

-) tit din dy qun s cp :

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