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I.

Title Metals in Acid Reaction

II.

Objective To identify the reaction between metals in acidic solution

III.

Basic Theory A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals.In chemistry, a metal (from Greek "" mtallon, "mine") is an element, compound, or alloy characterized by high electrical conductivity. In a metal, atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Those ions are surrounded by delocalized electrons, which are responsible for the conductivity. The solid thus produced is held by electrostatic interactions between the ions and the electron cloud, which are called metallic bonds. Reaction between metal and acid solution Acids react with most metals and a salt is produced. But unlike the reaction between acids and bases we don't get any water. Instead we get hydrogen gas. This is the general word equation for the reaction: metal + acid salt + hydrogen The salt produced depends upon the metal and the acid. Here are two examples: zinc + sulfuric acid zinc sulfate + hydrogen magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen It doesn't matter which metal or acid is used, if there is a reaction we always get hydrogen gas as well as the salt

IV.

Apparatus and Substance a. Apparatus 1 Test tube

Pipette

Spatulla

b. Substance 1 HCl

H2SO4

Zn

Cu

Fe

Mg

Zn (powder)

Fe (powder)

V.

Procedures

VI.

Experiment Result a. Zn (II)

Observation Result Reaction in HCl -There were reaction -Much bubbles were produced

Picture

Reaction H2SO4

-There were reaction -Much bubbles were produced

b. Cu (II) Observation Result Reaction in HCl No reaction occured Picture

Reaction H2SO4

No reaction occured

c. Fe (II) Observation Result Reaction in HCl -There were reaction -Much bubbles were produced Picture

Reaction H2SO4

-There were reaction -Much bubbles were produced

d. Mg (II) Observation Result Reaction in HCl -There were reaction -Much bubbles were produced Picture

Reaction H2SO4

-There were reaction -Little bubbles were produced

e. Zn (powder) Observation Result Reaction in HCl -There were reaction Picture

-Small precipitation

Reaction H2SO4

-There were reaction -Long precipitation

f.

Fe (powder) Observation Result Reaction in HCl -There were reaction -Small precipitation Picture

Reaction H2SO4

-There were reaction -Long precipitation

VII.

Discussion In this experiment,there were many reactions of metals that were react with acid solution.In general equation,the reaction between metals and acid reaction should be Metals + Acid solution Salt from metal ion + Hydrogen From the general reaction that is shown upper,can be described that the reaction between metals and as acid solution will pruduce salt and Hydrogen. The salt itself commonly presence as ionic solution which is dissolve in the solution and hard to solve in the solution and hard to distinguish.Meanwhile the presence of hydrogen can be seen from the presence bubble in the reaction. Here are the reaction which were occured during the experiment 1. Zinc (II) In solution of H2SO4 Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ZnSO (aq) + H2 (g) In solution of HCl Zn + HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2(g) 2. Cu (II) In solution of H2SO4 Cu (II) (s)+ H2SO4 (aq) In solution of HCl Cu (II) (s)+ HCl (aq) 3. Fe (II) In solution of H2SO4 Fe (II) (s) + H2SO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) + H2 (g) In solution of HCl Fe(II) (s) + HCl (aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) 4. Mg (II)

In solution of H2SO4 Mg(II) (s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

In solution of HCl Mg(II) (s) + HCl (aq) MgCl (aq) + H2 (g)

5. Zn (powder) In solution of H2SO4 Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ZnSO (aq) + H2 (g) In solution of HCl Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) 6. Fe (powder) In solution of H2SO4

Fe (s) + H2SO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

In solution of HCl Fe (s) + HCl (aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

VIII.

Conclussion 1. The reaction of metal and acid always produce hydrogen as the result. 2. Not all the metal can be reacted with Acid and produced salt and H2. 3. The salt which is produced is hard to be distinguished because it present in ionic form.

IX.

Suggestion 1. Be careful in taking metal compound,use gloves to avoid the dangerous. 2. Dont use same metal substance for each solution.

X.

Refference http://www.suite101.com/content/preparation-of-soluble-metal-salts-in-the-laba187813 (accesed on:April,20th 2011) http://www.docbrown.info/page04/Y11revQs/acidreactionequationsFHanswers.ht m (accesed on:April,20th 2011)

Pre-lab 1. What is the properties of metals? Chemical Metals are usually inclined to form cations through electron loss\ reacting with oxygen in the air to form oxides over changing timescales (iron rusts over years, while potassium burns in seconds). Examples: 4 Na + O2 2 Na2O (sodium oxide) The transition metals (such as iron, copper, zinc, and nickel) take much longer to oxidize. Others, like palladium, platinum and gold, do not react with the atmosphere at all. Some metals form a barrier layer of oxide on their surface which cannot be penetrated by further oxygen molecules and thus retain their shiny appearance and good conductivity for many decades (like aluminium, magnesium, some steels, and titanium). The oxides of metals are generally basic, as opposed to those of nonmetals, which are acidic. Painting, anodizing or plating metals are good ways to prevent their corrosion. However, a more reactive metal in the electrochemical series must be chosen for coating, especially when chipping of the coating is expected. Water and the two metals form an electrochemical cell, and if the coating is less reactive than the coatee, the coating actually promotes corrosion. Physical Metals in general have high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, luster and density, and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving.While there are several metals that have low density, hardness, and melting points, these (the alkali and alkaline earth metals) are extremely reactive, and are rarely encountered in their elemental, metallic form. Optically speaking, metals are opaque, shiny and lustrous. This is because visible lightwaves are not readily transmitted through the bulk of their microstructure. The large number of free electrons in any typical metallic solid (element or alloy) is responsible for the fact that they can never be categorized as transparent materials.The majority of metals have higher densities than the majority of nonmetals.

2. What is the properties of HCl?

Molecular weight : 36.461 g/mol

Liquid phase

Liquid density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 1191 kg/m3 Liquid/gas equivalent (1.013 bar and 15 C (59 F)) : 772 vol/vol Boiling point (1.013 bar) : -85.1 C Latent heat of vaporization (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 443.38 kJ/kg Vapor pressure (at 20 C or 68 F) : 42.6 bar Solubility in water (1.013 bar and 0 C (32 F)) : 506 vol/vol

3. What is the properties of H2SO4? Appearance: colorless viscous liquid Melting point: -2 C Boiling point: 327C Density: 1.84g/mL Reacts violently with water Water soluble in all proportions Extremely corrosive and causes severe burns Harmful if inhaled, ingested, or skin contact

Post-lab 1.What is the indicator that metal react with acid? there are bubble, precipitation. 2.What happens when you mix hydrochloric acid with zinc metal? The hydrochloric acid decomposes or breaks down the zinc metal causing a bubbling reaction and creating hydrogen