PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design: © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51931A

PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design
2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS51931A
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ISBN: 978-1-61341-075-2
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DS51931A-page 2
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Table of Contents

Preface ........................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction............................................................................................................ 7 Document Layout .................................................................................................. 8 Conventions Used in this Guide ............................................................................ 9 Recommended Reading...................................................................................... 10 The Microchip Web Site ...................................................................................... 10 Customer Support ............................................................................................... 10 Document Revision History ................................................................................. 10
Chapter 1. Product Overview

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 11 1.2 What the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design Kit Includes .................................................................................................. 12 1.3 Getting Started ............................................................................................. 12
Chapter 2. Hardware
2.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Input and Analog Front End ......................................................................... 16 2.3 Power Supply Circuit .................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3. Calculation Engine and Register Description

3.1 Calculation Engine Signal Flow Summary ................................................... 19 3.2 Complete Register List ................................................................................. 20 3.3 MODE ........................................................................................................... 21 3.4 STATUS ....................................................................................................... 22 3.5 CAL_CONTROL ........................................................................................... 23 3.6 LINE_CYC ................................................................................................... 24 3.7 LINE_CYC_CNT ......................................................................................... 24 3.8 RAW2_I_RMS .............................................................................................. 24 3.9 RAW_I_RMS ................................................................................................ 24 3.10 I_RMS ........................................................................................................ 25 3.11 RAW2_V_RMS ......................................................................................... 25 3.12 RAW_V_RMS ........................................................................................... 25 3.13 V_RMS ....................................................................................................... 25 3.14 LINE_FREQUENCY ................................................................................... 25 3.15 RAW_POWER_ACT ................................................................................. 26 3.16 POWER_ACT ............................................................................................. 26 3.17 POWER_APP ............................................................................................ 26 3.18 RAW_POWER_REACT ............................................................................. 26
DS51931A-page 3

3.19 POWER_REACT ........................................................................................ 27 3.20 PERIOD ...................................................................................................... 27 3.21 ENERGY_ACT ........................................................................................... 27 3.22 ENERGY_APP .......................................................................................... 27 3.23 I_ABS_MAX ............................................................................................... 28 3.24 V_ABS_MAX .............................................................................................. 28 3.25 ENERGY_REACT ...................................................................................... 28 3.26 PHASE_COMPENSATION ........................................................................ 28 3.27 OFFSET_I_RMS ....................................................................................... 28 3.28 OFFSET_V_RMS ...................................................................................... 29 3.29 GAIN_I_RMS ............................................................................................. 29 3.30 GAIN_V_RMS ............................................................................................ 29 3.31 OFFSET_POWER_ACT .......................................................................... 29 3.32 GAIN_POWER_ACT .................................................................................. 29 3.33 OFFSET_POWER_REACT ...................................................................... 30 3.34 GAIN_POWER_REACT ............................................................................. 30 3.35 GAIN_ENERGY_ACT ................................................................................ 30 3.36 GAIN_ENERGY_APP ................................................................................ 30 3.37 GAIN_ENERGY_REACT ........................................................................... 30 3.38 CF_PULSE_WIDTH ................................................................................... 31 3.39 GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT .................................................................... 31 3.40 GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT ................................................................... 31 3.41 METER_CONFIG ..................................................................................... 31 3.42 CAL_STATUS ............................................................................................ 32 3.43 MAXIMUM CURRENT ............................................................................. 32 3.44 CALIBRATION_VOLTAGE ...................................................................... 32 3.45 CALIBRATION_CURRENT ...................................................................... 32 3.46 CALIBRATION_FREQUENCY .................................................................. 33 3.47 METER_CONSTANT ................................................................................ 33 3.48 CALIBRATION_LINE_CYCLE .................................................................. 33 3.49 GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_REACT .............................................................. 33 3.50 GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_REACT ............................................................. 33 3.51 PHASE_COMPENSATION_90 ................................................................. 33 3.52 CREEP_THRSHOLD_MINUTE ................................................................. 34 3.53 CREEP_THRSHOLD_SECOND ................................................................ 34 3.54 ENERGY_ACT_FORWARD ...................................................................... 34 3.55 ENERGY_ACT_REVERSE ........................................................................ 34 3.56 ENERGY_REACT_INDUCTIVE ................................................................. 34 3.57 ENERGY_REACT_CAPACITIVE ............................................................... 35
DS51931A-page 4
Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts

A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 37 A.2 Schematics and PCB Layout ....................................................................... 37 A.3 Board Schematic ....................................................................................... 38 A.4 Board Schematic Top Silk and Boarder Outline ...................................... 39 A.5 Board Top Silk .......................................................................................... 40 A.6 Board Top Trace and Pads ...................................................................... 41 A.7 Board Bottom Silk ..................................................................................... 42 A.8 Board Bottom Trace and Pads .................................................................. 43
Appendix B. Bill of Materials (BOM) Worldwide Sales and Service .................................................................................... 50
DS51931A-page 5

NOTES:
DS51931A-page 6
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Preface

NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS
All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available. Documents are identified with a DS number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is DSXXXXXA, where XXXXX is the document number and A is the revision level of the document. For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB IDE on-line help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design. Items discussed in this chapter include: Document Layout Conventions Used in this Guide Recommended Reading The Microchip Web Site Customer Support Document Revision History
DS51931A-page 7

DOCUMENT LAYOUT
This document describes how to use the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design as a development tool to emulate and debug firmware on a target board. The manual layout is as follows: Chapter 1. Product Overview Important information on using the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design including a getting started section that describes wiring the line and load connections. Chapter 2. Hardware Includes detail on the function blocks of the meter including the analog front end design, and power supply design. Chapter 3. Calculation Engine and Register Description This section describes the digital signal flow for all power output quantities such as RMS current, RMS voltage, active power, and apparent power. This section also includes the calibration registers detail. Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts Shows the schematic and layout diagrams Appendix B. Bill of Materials (BOM) Lists the parts used to build the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design.
DS51931A-page 8
Preface
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE
This manual uses the following documentation conventions: DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
Description Arial font: Italic characters Initial caps Represents Referenced books Emphasized text A window A dialog A menu selection A field name in a window or dialog A menu path A dialog button A tab A number in verilog format, where N is the total number of digits, R is the radix and n is a digit. A key on the keyboard Sample source code Filenames File paths Keywords Command-line options Bit values Constants A variable argument Optional arguments Choice of mutually exclusive arguments; an OR selection Replaces repeated text Represents code supplied by user Examples MPLAB IDE Users Guide ...is the only compiler... the Output window the Settings dialog select Enable Programmer Save project before build File>Save Click OK Click the Power tab 4b0010, 2hF1
Quotes Underlined, italic text with right angle bracket Bold characters NRnnnn
Text in angle brackets < > Courier New font: Plain Courier New
Press <Enter>, <F1> #define START autoexec.bat c:\mcc18\h _asm, _endasm, static -Opa+, -Opa0, 1 0xFF, A file.o, where file can be any valid filename mcc18 [options] file [options] errorlevel {0|1} var_name [, var_name...] void main (void) { ... }
Italic Courier New Square brackets [ ] Curly brackets and pipe character: { | } Ellipses...
DS51931A-page 9

RECOMMENDED READING
This users guide describes how to use the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design. Other useful documents are listed below. The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference resources. PIC18F87J72 Family Data Sheet 80-Pin, High-Performance Microcontrollers with Dual Channel AFE, LCD Driver and nanoWatt Technology (DS39979) This data sheet provides detailed information regarding the PIC18F87J72 device. Single-Phase Energy Meter Calibration Users Guide (DS51964)
THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE

Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: Product Support Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, users guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software General Technical Support Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing Business of Microchip Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support
Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (March 2011)
Initial Release of this Document.
DS51931A-page 10
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Chapter 1. Product Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design is a fully functional single-phase meter based on the highly integrated PIC18F87J72 single-chip energy meter IC. This low-cost design does not use any transformers and requires few external components. The PIC18F87J72 directly drives the LCD, and includes both an isolated USB connection and a non-isolated RS-232 interface for meter calibration and access to the device power calculations. The system calculates active energy, active power, reactive energy, reactive power, RMS current, RMS voltage and other typical power quantities. The Microchip Energy Meter 1-Phase Software is used to calibrate and monitor the system, and can be used to create custom calibration setups. For some accuracy requirements, only a single-point calibration may be needed. The energy meter software offers an automated step by step calibration process that can be used to quickly calibrate energy meters.
FIGURE 1-1:
PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter.
DS51931A-page 11

1.2 WHAT THE PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN KIT INCLUDES
The PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design kit includes: PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design (102-00280) Important Information Sheet
1.3
GETTING STARTED
To describe how to use the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design, the following example is given using a two-wire 1-phase, 220VAC line voltage and connections using an energy meter calibrator equipment, or other programmable load source. The meter design uses a 5A load for calibration current, and a maximum current (IMAX) of 60A. All connections described in this section are dependent upon the choice of the current sensing element. A secondary external transformer may be required in higher current meter designs. To test a calibrated meter, the following connections apply for a two-wire connection.
1.3.1
Step 1: Wiring Connections
Figure 1-2 is identifying the line and load connections of the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design.
Line Neutral MAIN
Line Neutral LOAD
FIGURE 1-2:
Example Connections using a Two-Wire System.
1.3.2
Step 2: Turn On Line/Load Power to the Meter (Power the Meter)
The meter will turn on when the line connection has 220V connected. The LCD display will show the total energy accumulated.
DS51931A-page 12
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Chapter 2. Hardware

2.1 OVERVIEW
Figures 2-1 and 2-2 show the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design:
11
D9D8
10
1
U1 D1
J1
D3
J4
J3
D2
P1 LCD1
SW3
8 7
SW1
4
J2
SW2
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
PIC18F87J72 SHUNT METER
Legend:
2 = USB or RS-232 selection 3 = Test Points
6
7 8 9 10 11 = = = = = Push button switches 9-digit LCD Display with icons for kWh and kVARh Pulse Output for active and reactive (isolated) RS-232 Connection (non-Isolated) USB Connection (Isolated)
1 = IR for meter communication
4 = +9V DC Input (non-isolated) 5 = Connections to shunt current sensing resistor 6 = Connections to Line and Neutral
DS51931A-page 13

FIGURE 2-1:
.
Top View Hardware Components.
17 18
C40 X2 C7
R27 R26 C24 C25
R28
R29
C32
C39
U2 R33
C37
U9
U10
16
U5
R34
R36 C29 C33
R21 R20 U7 U4
R19 R17
R23
R30
12
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
U6
U8
15
R32 C30 C27 C21 C22 C19 C17 C16 R31 C23 U3
14
C41 R14 R12 C2
C5
Q1
C6 C8 C9 C10 R18 D7
D6
C38 D5
R15 R11 C1
C4
13
L1
L2 L3
D4
MOV1
Legend:
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 = = = = = = = Opto-isolators for Pulse Outputs Power Supply Non-volatile memory for calibration constants and energy usage data PIC18F87J72 Isolation IC MCP2200 for USB connection RS-232 Device (not-populated)
FIGURE 2-2:
Bottom View Hardware Components.
R24 R25
DS51931A-page 14
Hardware
PIC18F87J72 RD5 RD6 RB3 RB4 SWITCH SWITCH Active Power Reactive Power
RS-232 Transceiver J6 RC7/RX RC6/TX USB to UART Converter MCP2200 MAX3232 (Not Populated)
DB-9 Connector (NON-ISOLATED)
Mini USB Connector (ISOLATED)
RC3/SCK RC4/SDI RC5/SDO RA1
SCK SDO SDI CS 25LC256 SPI EEPROM
FIGURE 2-3:
Digital Connections.
DS51931A-page 15

2.2 INPUT AND ANALOG FRONT END
The PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design comes populated with components designed for 220V line voltage. At the bottom of the main board are the high voltage line and neutral connections. There are four connections that are made from the PCB to the meter casing. They are labeled LINE, NEUTRAL, SHUNT1, and SHUNT2. The shunt sits on the high or line side of a two-wire system and the meter employes a hot or live ground. The wires going into the shunt to SHUNT1 and SHUNT2 should be twisted together. The wires going into the LINE and NEUTRAL side of the meter should be twisted together, and also kept away from the SHUNT1 and SHUNT2 wires if possible. The neutral side of the two-wire system goes into a resistor divider on the voltage channel input. Anti-aliasing low-pass filters will be included on both differential channels. The voltage channel uses two 332 k resistors to achieve a divider ratio of 664:1. For a line voltage of 230 VRMS, the channel 1 input signal size will be 490 mVPEAK. The current channel of each phase uses current transformer with a turns ratio of 2000:1 and burden resistance of 56.4 k. The resulting channel 0 signal size is 340 mVPEAK for 20A, or twice the rated maximum current of the meter, still within the input range of the A/D converter of the PIC18F87J72.
150 FB (Note) LINE_SHUNT1 Shunt (external to PCB part of meter case) LINE_SHUNT2 68 nF PIC18F87J72 330 k 330 k NEUTRAL 1.0 k 1.0 k CH1+ 68 nF 68 nF 0 CH1+ 68 nF 1.0 k CH0+
150 FB (Note)
1.0 k CH0-
Note:
FB = ferrite beads. Ferrite beads have an impedance of the specified value at 100 MHz. Analog Input Circuitry.
FIGURE 2-4:
DS51931A-page 16
Hardware
2.3 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT
The power supply circuit for the PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design uses a half-wave rectified signal, a single +5V voltage regulator and a 3.3V LDO.
.
+9V DC Power In (DO NOT USE WHILE METER IS CONNECTED TO MAINS!) 150 FB N
1 3 2
+5V 1 F 470 + 470 F L

A A A A A A B A A
470 F +
IN OUT GND
100 nF
10 F
+5V IN OUT MCP1700 100 nF GND

B B B
+3.3V
10 F
100 nF
FIGURE 2-5:
Low-Cost Power Supply Circuit.
DS51931A-page 17

NOTES:
DS51931A-page 18
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Chapter 3. Calculation Engine and Register Description
3.1 CALCULATION ENGINE SIGNAL FLOW SUMMARY
RMS voltage, RMS current, Active Power and Apparent Power, and the calibration output pulse are all calculated through the following process described in Figure 3-1. The calibration registers for each calculation are shown as well as the output registers.
16/24-bit ADC ADC CURRENT X
2
OFFSET_I_RMS:16
X
Apparent Power
RMS Current
X
GAIN_ COMPENSATION _90:8 Reactive Power 90 with Correction
OFFSET_POWER_REACT:32
X
Active Power
16/24-bit DS ADC ADC VOLTAGE
PHASE_COMPENSATION:8 OFFSET_POWER_ACT:32 OFFSET_V_RMS:16
GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT:8 GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT:16
X2
RMS Voltage
Digital to Frequency Converter
GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_REACT:8 GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_REACT:16
Digital to Frequency Converter GAIN_POWER_ACT:16 GAIN_POWER_APP:16
GAIN_POWER_REACT:16
GAIN_V_RMS:16
GAIN_ENERGY_REACT:16
GAIN_ENERGY_ACT:16
GAIN_ENERGY_APP:16
GAIN_I_RMS:16
1/METER_CONSTAT
imp/kVARh
kVAR kVARh
imp/kWh
1/METER_CONSTAT
ENERGY_REACT:32
kVA
POWER_REACT:32
POWER_ACT:32
ENERGY_ACT:32
POWER_APP:32
V_RMS:16
I_RMS:16
kVAh
kWh
kW
FIGURE 3-1:
PIC18F87J72 Calculation Engine Signal Flow
DS51931A-page 19
ENERGY_APP:32

3.2 COMPLETE REGISTER LIST
INTERNAL REGISTER SUMMARY
Name MODE STATUS CAL_CONTROL LINE_CYC LINE_CYC_CNT RAW2_I_RMS RAW_I_RMS I_RMS RAW2_V_RMS RAW_V_RMS V_RMS LINE_FREQUENCY RAW_POWER_ACT POWER_ACT POWER_APP RAW_POWER_REACT POWER_REACT PERIOD ENERGY_ACT RAW_ENERGY_ACT ENERGY_APP RAW_ENERGY_APP I_ABS_MAX V_ABS_MAX ENERGY_REACT RAW_ENERGY_REACT PHASE_COMPENSATION OFFSET_I_RMS OFFSET_V_RMS GAIN_I_RMS GAIN_V_RMS OFFSET_POWER_ACT GAIN_POWER_ACT OFFSET_POWER_REACT GAIN_POWER_REACT GAIN_ENERGY_ACT GAIN_ENERGY_APP GAIN_ENERGY_REACT CF_PULSE_WIDTH GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT MODE1_DEF CAL_STATUS Bits 8 8 8 16 16 64 16 16 64 16 16 16 64 32 32 64 32 32 32 64 32 64 8 8 32 64 8 16 16 16 16 32 16 32 16 16 16 16 8 8 16 16 16 R/W R STATUS register. Description R/W Configuration register for operating mode of the meter. R/W Configuration register for calibration control. R/W 2n number of line cycles to be used during energy accumulation. R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Counter for number of line cycles. Raw2 RMS value from the current A/D converter in LSBs. Raw RMS value from the current A/D converter in LSBs. RMS value of the current, post Calibration. Raw2 RMS value from the voltage A/D converter in LSBs. Raw RMS value from the voltage A/D converter in LSBs. RMS value of the voltage, post Calibration. Line Frequency. Raw Active Power. Final Active Power, units in watts (W). Final Apparent Power, units in volt-amperes (VA). Raw Reactive Power. Final Reactive Power, units in volt-amperes-reactive (VAR). Period register. Final Active Energy accumulated. Raw Active Energy accumulated. Final Apparent Energy accumulated. Raw Apparent Energy accumulated. Not implemented. Not implemented. Final Reactive Energy accumulated. Final Reactive Energy accumulated.
TABLE 3-1:
R/W Phase compensation between voltage and current. R/W Offset adjustment for RMS current reading. R/W Offset adjustment for RMS voltage reading. R/W Gain adjustment for RMS current. R/W Gain adjustment for RMS voltage. R/W Active Power offset. R/W Active Power gain adjust. R/W Offset correction for Reactive Power. R/W Reactive Power gain adjust to produce X VAR/LSB. R/W Not implemented. R/W Not implemented. R/W Not implemented. R/W Defines CF pulse width from 0 to 255 x 0.8192 ms (0.209s). R/W Active Energy Pulse Output correction factor. R/W Active Energy Pulse Output correction factor. R/W Power-Up Configuration Register. R/W Calibration Status.
DS51931A-page 20
Calculation Engine and Register Description

TABLE 3-1: INTERNAL REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)
Name MAXIMUM CURRENT CALIBRATION_VOLTAGE CALIBRATION_CURRENT CALIBRATION_FREQUENCY METER_CONSTANT CALIBRATION_LINE_CYCLE GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_REACT GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_REACT PHASE_COMPENSATION_90 CREEP_THRSHOLD_MINUTE CREEP_THRSHOLD_SECOND ENERGY_ACT_FORWARD ENERGY_ACT_REVERSE ENERGY_REACT_INDUCTIVE ENERGY_REACT_CAPACITIVE Bits 16 16 16 16 16 16 8 16 8 8 8 32 32 32 32 R/W Description R/W Maximum current of the meter (IMAX). R/W Calibration Voltage of the meter (VCAL). R/W Calibration Current of the meter (ICAL). R/W Calibration Frequency of the meter. R/W Meter Constant in imp/kWh or imp/kVARh. R/W Number of line cycles for calibration. R/W Reactive Energy Pulse Output correction factor. R/W Reactive Energy Pulse Output correction factor. R/W Phase delay for Reactive Power. R/W No Load threshold time (minutes). R/W No Load threshold time (seconds). R/W Forward Active Energy. R/W Reverse Active Energy. R/W Inductive Reactive Energy. R/W Capacitive Reactive Energy.
3.3
MODE
The MODE register controls the operation of the energy meter. The bit functions are defined by the table below.
REGISTER 3-1:
U-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-4 bit 3
MODE REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 CREEP R/W-0 PHASE R/W-0 ABSOLUTE R/W-0 CF bit 0
W = Writable bit 1 = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
Unimplemented: Read as 0 CREEP: No-Load Threshold bit 1 = Enabled 0 = Disabled PHASE: Phase bit 1 = Single-Point Phase Correction 0 = Multi-Point Phase Correction (future) ABSOLUTE: Positive Only Energy Accumulation Mode bit 1 = Positive energy only 0 = Both negative and positive energy accumulated (negative energy is subtracted) CF: Active Energy CF Phase Enable bit 1 = Phase is enabled to be accumulated into the total energy registers or CF pulse output 0 = Phase is DISABLED and is not accumulated into the total energy registers or CF pulse output
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
DS51931A-page 21

3.4 STATUS
The STATUS register contains the operational status of the energy meter. The bit functions are defined in the table below. REGISTER 3-2:
U-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 W = Writable bit 1 = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
STATUS REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R PH_S U-0 U-0 bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as 0 PH_S: Phase Sign bit 1 = CT may be in backward (if enabled) 0 = Operation normal Unimplemented: Read as 0
bit 1-0
DS51931A-page 22

3.5 CAL_CONTROL
This is the CAL_CONTROL Calibration mode control register. Bit 0 enables the Calibration mode. In this mode, the power meter operates as normal, but no updates are made to the voltage, current, power or energy registers as long as bit 1 is low. When bit 1 is set high, the registers are updated for LINE_CYC line cycles (only power and energy registers are updated). After this time, bit 1 is set low by the PIC18F87J72 and the update of the registers will stop. This allows the calibration software to set bit 0, clear the registers, set bit 1 and start reading the desired registers, as well as the CAL_CONTROL register, to check the status of bit 1. When bit 1 goes low, the LINE_CYC line cycles have passed and the registers are final. Note that bit 0 takes effect immediately, and bit 1 will take effect on the very next line cycle. When bit 1 goes low, all registers will be ready to read. REGISTER 3-3:
U-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 7-3 bit 2 bit 1 W = Writable bit 1 = Bit is set U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
CAL_CONTROL REGISTER
U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 Reserved R/W-0 R/W-0 bit 0 CAL_UPDATE CAL_MODE
Unimplemented: Read as 0 Reserved: CAL_UPDATE: Calibration Update bit Power and energy registers are updated for LINE_CYC line cycles when cleared. Bit must be set for registers to begin updating, which starts on the next line cycle after bit is set. 1 = When CAL_MODE bit is set, set CAL_UPDATE bit to enable update of power and energy registers starting on next line cycle. Bit = 1 Single-Point Phase Correction 0 = When CAL_MODE bit and CAL_UPDATE bit have been set, CAL_UPDATE bit will be cleared after the LINE_CYC line cycles. At that point, all registers will be updated and no further updates will be done until CAL_UPDATE bit is set again or CAL_MODE bit is cleared. CAL_MODE: Calibration Mode bit This bit enables Calibration mode. 1 = Calibration mode enabled 0 = Calibration mode disabled This register is used in Multi-Point and Single-Point Calibration modes only.
bit 0
Note:
DS51931A-page 23

3.6 LINE_CYC
Name LINE_CYC Bits 16 Cof R/W
Number of line cycles as a power of two. A setting of 0 indicates 20 or one line cycle. A setting of 1 is two line cycles (21), a setting of 2 is four line cycles (22), up to a setting of eight which is 256 line cycles. When written, this register will not take effect until the previous number of line cycles has been acquired.
3.7
LINE_CYC_CNT
Name Bits 16 Cof R
LINE_CYC_CNT
This register counts from 0 and finishes at 2 (LINE_CYC - 1). Then re-starts at 0, where LINE_CYC represents the value in the LINE_CYC register.
3.8
RAW2_I_RMS
Name Bits 64 Cof R
RAW2_I_RMS
This register is the square of the raw RMS value from the current A/D converter in LSBs. By definition, this register will always contain a positive value, including the situation where power is negative from a backwards CT or otherwise. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.9
RAW_I_RMS
Name Bits 16 Cof R
RAW_I_RMS
This register is the raw RMS value from the current A/D converter in LSBs (square root of the top 32-bits of (RAW2_I_RMS + OFFSET_I_RMS). By definition, this register will always contain a positive value (even if the CT is in backwards). This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.10
I_RMS
Name Bits 16 Cof R
I_RMS
This register is the RMS value of phase A current in X A/LSB, as determined by the value in the GAIN_I_RMS register. When displaying the RMS current, multiply the (decimal) value in these registers by X to get the display value in Amperes. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
DS51931A-page 24

3.11 RAW2_V_RMS
Name RAW2_V_RMS Bits 64 Cof R
This register is the square of the raw RMS value from the voltage A/D converter in LSBs. By definition, it will always contain a positive value. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.12
RAW_V_RMS
Name Bits 16 Cof R
RAW_V_RMS
This is the raw RMS value from the voltage A/D converter in LSBs (square root of the top 32-bits of RAW2_V_RMS + OFFSET_V_RMS. By definition, this register will always contain a positive value. The register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.13
V_RMS
Name Bits 16 Cof R
V_RMS
This register is the RMS value of the voltage, in X 0.01 V/LSB, as determined by the value in the GAIN_V_RMS register. When displaying the RMS voltage, assume a calibrated meter exists and multiply the (decimal) value in these registers by X to get the display value in Volts. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.14
LINE_FREQUENCY
Name Bits 16 Cof R
LINE_FREQUENCY
This register holds the measured line frequency using the zero crossing technique.
DS51931A-page 25

3.15 RAW_POWER_ACT
Name RAW_POWER_ACT Bits 64 Cof R
This register is the raw active power, as it represents the sum of current A/D value times voltage A/D value results over LINE_CYC line cycles (each line cycle has 128 results). Each current times voltage multiplication results in a 32-bit word. There are up to 256 line cycles with each line cycle being 128 results, and each result being 32-bit. Thus, 48 bits are needed. This is the register to be read during calibration for calculating the offset and gain values associated with active power, OFFSET_POWER_ACT and GAIN_POWER_ACT. This register is overwritten every line cycle, however if the calibration is enabled, the updates will stop once the LINE_CYC line cycles have elapsed.
3.16
POWER_ACT
Name Bits 32 Cof R
POWER_ACT
This register is the value for active power. The goal of the calibration is to get this register value to equal X W/LSB. This is done with the OFFSET_POWER_ACT and GAIN_POWER_ACT registers. When displaying the power, multiply the (decimal) value in this register by X to get the display value in Watts. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.17
POWER_APP
Name Bits 32 Cof R
POWER_APP
This is the value of the apparent power. The goal of the calibration is to get this value to equal X VA/LSB. This is done with the GAIN_POWER_APP registers. When displaying the power for phase A, multiply the (decimal) value in this register by X to get the display value in Watts. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.18
RAW_POWER_REACT
Name Bits 64 Cof R
RAW_POWER_REACT
This is the raw reactive power. This register is read during the calibration for calculating the gain values associated with the reactive power and GAIN_POWER_REACT. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled). This register is accumulated once a line-cycle basis.
DS51931A-page 26

3.19 POWER_REACT
Name POWER_REACT Bits 32 Cof R
This is the value for reactive power. The goal is to get this value to equal X VAR/LSB. This is done with the GAIN_POWER_REACT register. When displaying the power, multiply the (decimal) value in this register by X to get the display value in Watts. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.20
PERIOD
Name Bits 32 Cof R
PERIOD
This 32-bit register represents the total number of clock ticks that elapsed over the most recent LINE_CYC line cycle. Each LSB represents 1.6 s with a 40 MHz clock on the microcontroller. This register is overwritten every LINE_CYC line cycle (written only once if the calibration is enabled).
3.21
ENERGY_ACT
Name Bits 32 64 Cof R R
ENERGY_ACT RAW_ENERGY_ACT
The design updates the Energy register using the CF Pulse blink output count. In this method, the Energy registers increments every pulse by a value equal to 1/(METER_CONSTANT). ENERGY_W = ENEGRY_W + (1/METER_CONSTANT) The gain calibration registers GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT and GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT hold good for this method also.
3.22
ENERGY_APP
ENERGY_APP RAW_ENERGY_APP
These two registers represent the total apparent energy accumulated so far.
DS51931A-page 27

3.23 I_ABS_MAX
Name I_ABS_MAX Bits 8 Cof R
NOT IMPLEMENTED IN THIS FIRMWARE/SOFTWARE RELEASE.
3.24
V_ABS_MAX
Name Bits 8 Cof R/W
V_ABS_MAX
NOT IMPLEMENTED IN THIS FIRMWARE/SOFTWARE RELEASE.
3.25
ENERGY_REACT
ENERGY_REACT RAW_ENERGY_REACT
The design updates the reactive energy registered using the CF Pulse blink output count too. In this method, the Energy registers increments every pulse by a value equal to 1/(METER_CONSTANT). ENERGY_REACT = ENERGY_REACT + (1/METER_CONSTANT) The gain calibration registers GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT and GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT hold good for this method also.
3.26
PHASE_COMPENSATION
Name Bits 8 Cof R/W
PHASE_COMPENSATION
Phase delay, signed 8-bit value, provides the phase compensation by sampling time/2.
3.27
OFFSET_I_RMS
Name Bits 16 Cof R/W
OFFSET_I_RMS
Square of the offset for RMS current reading, signed 16-bit value. Note that this value should be similar to the ADCs noise squared. At a gain of 1, the noise will be about 1 LSB, 2 LSBs at a gain of 2, 6 LSBs at a gain of 8, 11 LSBs at a gain of 16, and 22 LSBs at a gain of 32. There may be other sources of noise. Using the square of the offset allows for higher accuracy. The value will be added before the square root is taken when calculating the final RMS value.
DS51931A-page 28

3.28 OFFSET_V_RMS
Name OFFSET_V_RMS Bits 16 Cof R/W
Square of offset for RMS voltage reading, signed 8-bit value. Note that this value should be similar to the ADCs noise squared. For the voltage channel, the noise will be about 1 LSB. There may be other sources of noise. Using the square of the offset allows for higher accuracy. The value will be added before the square root is taken when calculating the final RMS value.
3.29
GAIN_I_RMS
GAIN_I_RMS
Current gain to produce X A/LSB. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.30
GAIN_V_RMS
GAIN_V_RMS
Voltage gain to produce 0.1 V/LSB in the V_RMS register. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.31
OFFSET_POWER_ACT
OFFSET_POWER_ACT
Active power offset (this is a straight offset, not the square, as with voltage and current). A much larger value is needed because the power is a running sum. This is a 32-bit signed value.
3.32
GAIN_POWER_ACT
GAIN_POWER_ACT
Active power gain to produce X W/LSB. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
DS51931A-page 29

3.33 OFFSET_POWER_REACT
Name OFFSET_POWER_REACT Bits 32 Cof R/W
Reactive power offset (this is a straight offset, not the square, as with voltage and current). A much larger value is needed because the power is a running sum. This is a 32-bit signed value.
3.34
GAIN_POWER_REACT
GAIN_POWER_REACT
Reactive power gain to produce X W/LSB. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.35
GAIN_ENERGY_ACT
GAIN_ENERGY_ACT
Active energy gain to produce X Wh/LSB. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.36
GAIN_ENERGY_APP
GAIN_ENERGY_APP
Apparent energy gain to produce X VAh/LSB. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.37
GAIN_ENERGY_REACT
GAIN_ENERGY_REACT
Reactive energy gain to produce X VARh/LSB. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
DS51931A-page 30

3.38 CF_PULSE_WIDTH
Name CF_PULSE_WIDTH Bits 8 Cof R/W
Defines the CF pulse width, from 0 to 255. Length of width is valued * 8 * (1/LINE_FREQUENCY)/128) ms. A maximum of 0.266 seconds for 60 Hz and 0.319 seconds for 50 Hz. If the value is 0, no CF pulse is produced.
3.39
GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT
Name Bits 8 Cof R/W
GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT
8-bit signed value. Represents the number of shifts for active power energy register ENERGY_ACT before GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_ACT is applied.
3.40
GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT
GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_ACT
Active power gain to produce a specified pulses-per-watt-hour. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.41
MODE1_DEF
MODE1_DEF
MODE default power-up settings. On power-up, this register will be read and placed into the MODE register.
DS51931A-page 31

3.42 CAL_STATUS
The CAL_STATUS register holds the calibration status for each individual phase. Broken down by phase, these are the values that can be calibrated. Each bit has the status of 0 = NOT Calibrated, 1 = CALIBRATED. REGISTER 3-4:
R/W-0
CAL_STATUS REGISTER
R/W-0 R/W-0 OFFSET_V_R MS U-0 U-0 R/W-0 GAIN_I_RMS R/W-0 GAIN_V_RMS R/W-0 OFFSET_ POWER_ACT bit 8
PHASE_COMP OFFSET_I_RMS ENSATION bit 15 U-0 bit 7 Legend: R = Readable bit -n = Value at POR bit 15-0 R/W-0 GAIN_POWER_ ACT
U-0
U-0
U-0
R/W-0 GAIN_POWER _REACT
U-0
U-0 bit 0
W = Writable bit 1 = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
All bits: Calibration Register Status bits 1= This register has been calibrated 0= This register is NOT calibrated
3.43
MAXIMUM CURRENT
MAXIMUM_CURRENT
This register holds the maximum current for the meter (IMAX).
3.44
CALIBRATION_VOLTAGE
CALIBRATION_VOLTAGE
This register holds the calibration voltage of the meter (VCAL).
3.45
CALIBRATION_CURRENT
CALIBRATION_CURRENT
This register holds the calibration current of the meter (ICAL).
DS51931A-page 32

3.46 CALIBRATION_FREQUENCY
Name CALIBRATION_FREQUENCY Bits 16 Cof R/W
This register holds the calibration frequency of the meter.
3.47
METER_CONSTANT
METER_CONSTANT
This register holds the meter constant in imp/kWh or imp/kVARh.
3.48
CALIBRATION_LINE_CYCLE
CALIBRATION_FREQUENCY
This register holds the number of line cycles used during the calibration.
3.49
GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_REACT
Name Bits 8 Cof R/W
GAIN_DENR_ENERGY_REACT
8-bit signed value. Represents the number of shifts for reactive power energy register, before GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_REACT is applied.
3.50
GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_REACT
GAIN_NUMR_ENERGY_REACT
Reactive power gain to produce a specified pulse per VAR-hour. The value is always less than one (for example, 32,767 = 0.9999695).
3.51
PHASE_COMPENSATION_90
Name Bits 8 Cof R/W
PHASE_COMPENSATION_90
Phase delay for reactive power, signed 8-bit value, sampling time/2 s.
DS51931A-page 33

3.52 CREEP_THRSHOLD_MINUTE
Name CREEP_THRSHOLD_MINUTE Bits 8 Cof R/W
This 8-bit register holds the decimal representation of the creep threshold time in minutes (total creep is minutes + seconds register).
3.53
CREEP_THRSHOLD_SECOND
Name Bits 8 Cof R/W
CREEP_THRSHOLD_SECOND
This 8-bit register holds the decimal representation of the creep threshold time in seconds (total creep is minutes + seconds register).
3.54
ENERGY_ACT_FORWARD
ENERGY_ACT_FORWARD
This 32-bit register is the accumulated active energy in the forward direction only. The design updates the Energy register using the CF Pulse blink output count. In this method, the Energy registers increments every pulse by a value equal to 1/(METER_CONSTANT).
3.55
ENERGY_ACT_REVERSE
ENERGY_ACT_REVERSE
This 32-bit register is the accumulated active energy in the reverse direction only. The design updates the Energy register using the CF Pulse blink output count. In this method, the Energy registers increments every pulse by a value equal to 1/(METER_CONSTANT).
3.56
ENERGY_REACT_INDUCTIVE
ENERGY_REACT_INDUCTIVE
This 32-bit register is the accumulated reactive energy in the inductive quadrants only. The design updates the Energy register using the CF Pulse blink output count. In this method, the Energy registers increments every pulse by a value equal to 1/(METER_CONSTANT).
DS51931A-page 34

3.57 ENERGY_REACT_CAPACITIVE
Name ENERGY_REACT_CAPACITIVE Bits 32 Cof R/W
This 32-bit register is the accumulated reactive energy in the capacitive quadrants only. The design updates the Energy register using the CF Pulse blink output count. In this method, the Energy registers increments every pulse by a value equal to 1/(METER_CONSTANT).
DS51931A-page 35

NOTES:
DS51931A-page 36
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts
A.1 INTRODUCTION
This appendix contains the following schematics and layouts for hardware revision two of the PIC18F87J72 Energy Meter Reference Design: Board Schematic Board Schematic Board Top Silk Board Top Trace and Pads Board Bottom Silk Board Bottom Trace and Pads
A.2
SCHEMATICS AND PCB LAYOUT

The layer order is shown in Figure A-1.
Top Layer Bottom Layer
FIGURE A-1:
Layer Order.
DS51931A-page 37
A.3
LCD_8A/8F/8E/8D
LCD_7A/7F/7E/7D
LCD_V/K2/R/H2
LCD_6A/6F/6E/6D
LCD_4A/4F/4E/4D
LCD_V/K1/H1/A/W
LCD_5A/5F/RE/5D
LCD_3A/3F/3E/3D 19 20
LCD_7B/7G/7C/NC
LCD1 INDIA LCD 8 9 10 17 18 11 12 13 14 15 16
MPU_MCLR
B3S-1002P 100NF C1 B MOM-NC PUSH = HI
LCD_COM4
LCD_COM3
LCD_COM2
LCD_COM1
LCD_2A/2F/2E/2D
LCD_1A/1F/1E/1D
LCD_1B/1G/1C/1P
LCD_2B/2G/2C/2P
+3.3V
+5V B 47NF C11 B B B B +3.3V MPU_SDO NET00000 NET00007 B LCD_COM2 LCD_COM1 LCD_COM3 LCD_COM4 AFE_SYNC 100NF C12 100NF C21 100NF C18 100NF C22
10 R40
AFE_SYNC
LCD_1B/1G/1C/1P
AFE_F0/CS
LCD_1A/1F/1E/1D
LCD_4B/4G/4C/4P
LCD_2A/2F/2E/2P
LCD_2B/2G/2C/2P
80
71
70
69
68
79
78
73
72
67
65
64
63
62
61
77
76
75
74
66
VDD
VSS
SDVDD
SDSDI
SDAVDD
SDMCLR
2 HDR2X1 J3
SEG1/RD1
SEG2/RD2
SEG5/RD5
SEG3/RD3
SEG0/RD0
SEG4/RD4
SEG6/RD6
COM0/RE3
COM1/RE4
COM2/RE5
COM3/RE6
SEG7/RD7
LCDBIAS3/RE2
LINE_SHUNT2 SDSCK +3.3V SDCS SEG30/INT0/RB0 SW3 B 1K B3S-1002P LCD_3A/3F/3E/3D MOM-NC PUSH = HI B 1K R14 B3S-1002P LCD_8A/8F/8E/8D MPU_PGC B B 100NF C2 MOM-NC PUSH = HI R12 4.7K 100NF C3 +3.3V R16 SEG8/RTCC/INT1/RB1 SEG9/CTED1/INT2/RB2 SEG10/CTED2/INT3/RB3 SEG11/KB10/RB4 SEG29/KBI1/RB5 PGC/KBI2/RB6 VSS OSC2/CLKO/RA6 X1 48 47 +3.3V MPU_PGD MPU_SDO MPU_SDI MPU_SCK AFE_CLKIN 18PF C20 B B 46 45 44 43 42 41 AFE_CLKIN 10 MHZ 18PF C15 OSC1/CLKI/RA7 VDD PGD/KBI3/RB7 SEG12/SDO1/RC5 SEG16/SDI/SDA/RC4 SEG17/SCK/SCL/RC3 SEG13/CCP1/RC2 SDCLKI 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 LCD_3B/3G/3C/3P 57 AFE_DR R13 4.7K 58 AFE_F0/CS MPU_SCK B 3 47NF B 4 LCDBIAS1/RE0 LCDBIAS0/RG0 RG1/TX2/CK2 VLCAP1/RX2/DT2/RG2 VLCAP2/RG3 MCLR RG4/SEG26 VSS VDDCORE/VCAP SEG25/AN5/SS/RF7 SEG24/AN11/C1INA/RF6 SEG23/AN10/C1INB/CVR SEG22/AN9/C2INA/RF4 SEG21/AN8/C2INB/RF3 SEG20/AN7/C1OUT/RF2 SDCH1SDCH1+ 5 47NF C16 6 A 8 MPU_MCLR LCD_4A/4F/4E/4D B 11 C19 10uF 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 10 9 47NF C17 7 LCDBIAS2/RE1 C13 47NF C14
2 SDCH059
SEG31/CCP2(1)/RE7
NPO 68NF C31
B SW1 B
PC SIDE _ < (1) DATA CARRIER DETECT _ < (6) DATA SET READY _ < (2) RECEIVE DATA (7) REQUEST TO SEND U10 TX 11 10 RX J5 VBUS DC39 6.8uF VBUS ISO_GND 100NF C40 ISO_GND ISO_GND VBUS R28 470 CSTCE12M0G15L99-R0 3 1 OSC2 X2 ISO_GND OSC1 GND 2 VBUS U2 ISO_GND D+ 1 2 3 4 5 VBUS DD+ ID GND Shield 6 +3.3V B C32 C24 100NF 100NF MAX3232 C29 100NF 12 9 DIN1 DIN2 ROUT1 ROUT2 DOUT1 DOUT2 14 7 13 RIN1 8 RIN2 3 8 < < _ 1 6 2 7 _
NPO 68NF C28

A SDAVSS AVSS AVDD ENVREG AN0/RA0 VSS SDVSS SDDR A AN3/VREF+/RA3 AN2/VREF-/RA2 SEG15/AN4/RA5 SEG14/T0CKI/RA4 SEG19/AN6/RF1 SDREFIN+/SDOUT SDREFINSEG18/AN1/RA1
16 VCC 15 GND C25 100NF
+3.3V B B
4 9 5 1 3 4 5 2 6 C1+ C1C2+ C2V+ V-
(3) TRANSMIT DATA _ < (8) CLEAR TO SEND (4) DATA TERMINAL READY _ < (9) RING INDICATOR (5) SIGNAL GROUND D09S24A4GV00LF < _
SEG32/T1OSI/CCP2(1)/
T1OSO/T13CLKI/RC0
31
25
26
36
37
32
33
35
38
39
24
28
29
21
HIGH
22
23
+3.3V
+3.3V
IR_RX
MPU_TX
LCD_V/K2/R/H2
(LOW)
LCD_8B/8G/8C/NC
100NF C30 100NF C27 A A
LCD_V/K1/H1/A/W
(LOW) TP1 A A
MEM_CS
MPU_RX
NPO 68NF C26

IR_TX B A B A B
30
34
40
CP3 L3 R24 R25 300mA/150 330K 330K

27 AFE_DR
SEG27/TX1/CK1/RC6
SEG28/RX1/DT1/RC7
MPU_TX
275VAC MOV1 100NF C9 100NF C6 100NF C5 +

B B
1 D4
A B B A B A
BZG03C15G
LOW
MRA4005T3G
C38 470uF
470uF C10
GND 1 L1 150 10uF C8 C41 10uF
GND 1
CP4

PIC18F87J72
Q1
MCP1700T-3302E/TT
Power
MPU_RX
DS51931A-page 38
LCD_8B/8G/8C/NC LCD_6B/6G/6C/NC LCD_5B/5G/5C/NC LCD_4B/4G/4C/4P LCD_3B/3G/3C/3P
+3.3V 100NF C23 B +3.3V R31 4.7K 1 2 MEM_CS MPU_SDI 3 4 B U3 25AA256 CS SO WP VSS +3.3V R32 4.7K +3.3V MPU_SCK MPU_SDO VCC 8 7 HOLD 6 SCK 5 SI
K1/h1/A/W
5A/5F/5E/5D 6A/6F/6E/6D 7A/7F/7E/7D 8A/8F/8E/8D 3A/3F/3E/3D 11A/11F/11E/11D 10A/10F/10E/10D 9A/9F/9E/9D 4A/4F/4E/4D V/K2/r/h2 3B/3G/3C/3P 11B/11G/11C/NC 10B/10G/10C/NC 9B/9G/9C/NC 4B/4G/4C/4P 6B/6G/6C/NC 5B/5G/5C/NC 7B/7G/7C/NC 8B/8G/8C/NC
COM4
COM3
COM2
COM1
2B/2G/2C/2P 1B/1G/1C/1P 2A/2F/2E/2D 1A/1F/1E/1D
+3.3V R11 4.7K 1K R15
28 24 23 22 21
27
26
25
EEPROM
SWR
BOARD SCHEMATIC
LCD
B +3.3V 100NF C36 R43 +3.3V +3.3V +3.3V +3.3V +3.3V 100NF C34 10 P1 HDR6X1 1 2 3
R23 10K MPU_MCLR +3.3V 4 5 6 MPU_PGD MPU_PGC
Pulse Outputs
NET00007 R20 100 4 1 B R21 698 U7 PC365N 1 D2 GM1JR35200AE RED
R22 DNP
In-Circuit Debug/ Programming Header

+3.3V 3 2 U1 GP1US301XP +3.3V 1 2 3 NET00000 R19 100 4 1 D3 GM1JR35200AE RED 2 HDR2X1 J4 R17 698 U4 PC365N 1 4 B B B IR_RX 100NF C37
ACTIVE POWER
SDSDO 60 MPU_SDI
R39 CP2 NONE

LINE_SHUNT1 SDCH0+
L4 300mA/150 1K TF R41
1
1K TF R42 300mA/150 R44 L5 CP1 NONE NPO 68NF A C35
REACTIVE POWER
R36 698 3 2 D1 GL100MN1MP1
IR_TX
U8
PIC18F87J72-80TQFP
IR
+3.3V
LCD_5B/5G/5C/NC LCD_5A/5F/RE/5D LCD_6B/6G/6C/NC LCD_6A/6F/6E/6D LCD_7B/7G/7C/NC LCD_7A/7F/7E/7D
100NF C33 B J1
R38 1K
R37 1K
Comm./Cal.
+3.3V 100NF C7 ISO_GND MCP2200 TX 1 5 3 USB_TX ISO_GND 270 R26 470 R27 470 R33 ISO_RX VBUS ISO_TX VBUS R29 4.7K
U5
1 2 3 4 GND1 VO1 VDD1 AN2 ACSL-6210 AN1 VDD2 VO2 GND2 8 7 6 5
MPU_SCK MPU_SDO R30 4.7K 120 +3.3V USB_RX R34 USB_TX AFE_FO/CS MPU_SDI AFE_SYNC AFE_CLKIN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VDD OSC1 OSC2 RST GP7/TXLED GP6/RXLED GP5 GP4 GP3 TX
20 VSS D+ 19 D- 18 VUSB 17 16 GPO/SSPND 15 GP1/UPLOAD 14 GP2 13 CTS 12 RX 11 RTS
TP4 TP5 TP3 TP2 TP6 TP7
D6
MRA4005T3G
2 3 1 RAPC722 J2
J6
6 4 2 RED GM1JR35200AE D8 RX USB_RX VBUS RED GM1JR35200AE D9
ISO_GND
Test Points
D5 3 LM1117-SOT223 2 OUT IN +5V +5V 3 IN OUT +3.3V 2
L2 150
C4 1uF
MRA4005T3G
HIGH
R18 470
U6
D7
Schematic and Layouts

A.4 BOARD SCHEMATIC TOP SILK AND BOARDER OUTLINE
DS51931A-page 39

A.5 BOARD TOP SILK
D8 D9
U1
D1
J1
P1
D3
J4
J3
D2
LCD1
SW3
SW1
SW2
J2
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
PIC18F87J72 SHUNT METER
DS51931A-page 40

A.6 BOARD TOP TRACE AND PADS
DS51931A-page 41

A.7 BOARD BOTTOM SILK
C40 C7
R28 R27 R26 C24 C25 C32 C39 R36 C29 C37 U9 R21 R20 U7 U4 R19 R17 R23 R30 R33 R29
C33 R34
X1 C20 C15 C12 U8
R16 R13 C3 C18 C34 R40 R43 C36 C30 C27 C21 C22 R31 C19 C17 C16 U6 R37 R38 C23 U3 R32 D6 C8 C9 C38 C10 C26 C28 R18 D7 C35 R15 R11 C1 R42 R41 C31 C4 R44 R39 L4 L5 L2 L1 L3 D4 R24 MOV1 R25
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
C6 C5 C41 R14 R12 C2 D5 Q1
R22 C11 C13 C14
DS51931A-page 42

A.8 BOARD BOTTOM TRACE AND PADS
DS51931A-page 43

NOTES:
DS51931A-page 44
PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Appendix B. Bill of Materials (BOM)
TABLE B-1:
Qty 23 C1, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C9, C12, C18, C21, C22, C23, C24, C25, C27, C29, C30, C32, C33, C34, C36, C40 C4 C8, C19 C10, C38 C11, C13, C14, C16, C17 C15, C20 C26, C28, C31, C35 C39 C41
BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)

Description Manufacturer Part Number C0603C104Z4VACTU CAP .10UF 16V CERAMIC Y5V 0603 Kemet
Reference
1 2 2 5
CAP 1.0UF 630V METAL POLYPRO CAP CER 10UF 6.3V X5R 0603 CAP 470UF 25V ELECT FC SMD CAP CER 47000PF 25V 10% X7R 0603 CAP CER 18PF 50V 5% C0G 0603
EPCOS Inc
B32614A6105J008
Murata GRM188R60J106ME47D Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Panasonic ECG EEV-FC1E471P Murata GRM188R71E473KA01D Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Murata GRM1885C1H180JA01D Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
2 4 1 1 10
CAP CER 6800PF 50V 5% C0G 1206 Murata GRM3195C1H682JA01D Manufacturing Co., Ltd. CAP CERAMIC 6.8UF 6.3V X5R 0805 CAP 10UF 16V ELECT FC SMD Kemet Panasonic ECG C0805C685K9PACTU EEE-FC1C100R
CP1, CP2, DO NOT INSTALL CP3, CP4, TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, TP6, TP7 D1 D2, D3, D8, D9 D7 J1 J2 J3, J4 J5 DO NOT INSTALL LED 1.6X0.8MM 625NM RED CLR SMD DIODE ZENER 15V 1.5W SMA
1 4 3 1 1 1 2 1
Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd. ON Semiconductor ON Semiconductor
APT1608EC MRA4005T3G BZG03C15G D09S24A4GV00LF PJ-102B 1734035-2
D4, D5, D6 DIODE SCHOTTKY 40V 1A SMB
CONN DSUB RCPT 9POS STR PCB FCI SLD CONN POWERJACK MINI R/A T/H "DO NOT INSTALL CONN MINI USB RCPT RA TYPE B SMD CUI Inc. Tyco Electronics
Note 1:
The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative of the PCB assembly. The released BOM used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.
DS51931A-page 45

TABLE B-1:
Qty 2 (two Shunts) at J6 J6 L1,L2
BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM) (CONTINUED)

Description SHUNT LP W/HANDLE 2 POS 30AU Manufacturer Tyco Electronics Part Number 881545-2
Reference
1 2
CONN HDR DUAL 6POS .100 SRT AU EMI/RFI Suppressors and Ferrites 150ohms 100 MHz .3A Monolithic 1806 SMD EMI/RFI Suppressors and Ferrites 150ohms 100 MHz .8A Monolithic 0805 SMD LCD Glass size 65.00 x 18.00 VARISTOR 275V RMS 20MM RADIAL 6 X 1 Header 2.54mm on center 6 mm/2.5mm RoHS Compliant Bare PCB, PIC18F87J72 Energy Meter Reference Design IIC LDO REG 200MA 3.3V SOT-23-3 RES 4.70K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD RES 1.00K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD RES 698 OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD RES 470 OHM 1W 5% 2512 SMD RES 100 OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD DO NOT INSTALL RES 10.0K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD
Molex Connector Corporation Laird Technologies
10-89-7062 LI1806C151R-10
L3, L4, L5
Laird Technologies
LI0805H151R-10
1 1 1 1
LCD 1 MOV 1 P1 PCB
Xiamen Ocular Optics Co., Ltd. EPCOS Inc. Samtec
DP076P S20K275E2 TSW-106-07-G-S 104-00280
1 5
Q1 R11, R12, R13, R31, R32 R14, R15, R16 R17, R21, R36 R18 R19, R20 R22 R23 R24, R25 R26, R27, R28 R29, R30 R33 R34 R37, R38 R39, R44 R40, R43 R41, R42
Microchip Technology Inc. ROHM Co., Ltd.
MCP1700T-3302E/TT MCR03EZPFX4701
3 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
ROHM Co., Ltd. ROHM Co., Ltd. Panasonic ECG ROHM Co., Ltd. ROHM Co., Ltd.
MCR03EZPFX1001 MCR03EZPFX6980 ERJ-1TYJ471U MCR03EZPFX1000 MCR03EZPFX1002 RMCF 1/8 330K 5% R ERJ-3GEYJ471V MCR03EZPFX2701 ERJ-3GEYJ271V ERJ-3GEYJ121V MCR10EZHF1001 MCR03EZPFX10R0 RGH2012-2E-P-102-B B3S-1002 BY OMZ
RES 330K OHM 1/4W 5% 1206 SMD Stackpole Electronics Inc. RES SMT, 470-OHM 1/10W 5% 0603 Panasonic ECG RES 2.70K OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD ROHM Co., Ltd.
RES SMT, 270-OHM 1/10W 5% 0603 Panasonic ECG RES SMT, 120-OHM 1/10W 5% 0603 Panasonic ECG RES 1.00K OHM 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD ROHM Co., Ltd. DO NOT INSTALL RES 10.0 OHM 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD ROHM Co., Ltd. RES 1.0K OHM .1% 1/4W 0805 SMD Susumu Co., Ltd. OMRON
SW1, SWITCH TACT 6MM 230GF SW2, SW3 H=4.3MM
Note 1:
DS51931A-page 46
Bill of Materials (BOM)

TABLE B-1:
Qty 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 TP1 U1 U2 U3 U4, U7 U5 U6 U8 U10 X1 X2
BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM) (CONTINUED)

Description Wire Test Point 0.3" Length DO NOT INSTALL MCP2200 USB to UART Serial Converter IC EEPROM 256 KBIT 10 MHZ 8-SOIC PHOTOCOUPLER DARL OUT 4-SMD OPTOCOUPLER DUAL BI 15MBD 8-SOIC IC REG LDO 800MA 5.0V SOT-223 PIC18F Microcontroller with 32K bytes of Flash, 2048 bytes of RAM IC DRVR/RCVR MULTCH RS-232 16-SSOP CRYSTAL 10.0000 MHZ 10PF SMD RESONATOR 12.0 MHZ CERAMIC Microchip Technology Inc. Microchip Technology Inc. Sharp Electronic Corporation Avago Technologies Manufacturer MCP2200-I/SS 25AA256-I/SN PC365NJ0000F ACSL-6210-00RE Part Number Component Corporation PJ-202-30
Reference
National Semiconductor LM1117MP-5.0/NOPB Microchip Technology Inc. Texas Instruments Abracon Corporation Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. PIC18F87J72-80I/PT MAX3232CDBR ABM3B-10.000MHZ-10-1-U-T CSTCE12M0G55-R0
Note 1:
DS51931A-page 47

NOTES:
DS51931A-page 48

NOTES:
DS51931A-page 49
Worldwide Sales and Service

AMERICAS
Corporate Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277 Technical Support: http://www.microchip.com/ support Web Address: www.microchip.com Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: 678-957-9614 Fax: 678-957-1455 Boston Westborough, MA Tel: 774-760-0087 Fax: 774-760-0088 Chicago Itasca, IL Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075 Cleveland Independence, OH Tel: 216-447-0464 Fax: 216-447-0643 Dallas Addison, TX Tel: 972-818-7423 Fax: 972-818-2924 Detroit Farmington Hills, MI Tel: 248-538-2250 Fax: 248-538-2260 Indianapolis Noblesville, IN Tel: 317-773-8323 Fax: 317-773-5453 Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 949-462-9523 Fax: 949-462-9608 Santa Clara Santa Clara, CA Tel: 408-961-6444 Fax: 408-961-6445 Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 905-673-6509
ASIA/PACIFIC
Asia Pacific Office Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor Tower 6, The Gateway Harbour City, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 Australia - Sydney Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 61-2-9868-6755 China - Beijing Tel: 86-10-8528-2100 Fax: 86-10-8528-2104 China - Chengdu Tel: 86-28-8665-5511 Fax: 86-28-8665-7889 China - Chongqing Tel: 86-23-8980-9588 Fax: 86-23-8980-9500 China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431 China - Nanjing Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 Fax: 86-25-8473-2470 China - Qingdao Tel: 86-532-8502-7355 Fax: 86-532-8502-7205 China - Shanghai Tel: 86-21-5407-5533 Fax: 86-21-5407-5066 China - Shenyang Tel: 86-24-2334-2829 Fax: 86-24-2334-2393 China - Shenzhen Tel: 86-755-8203-2660 Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 China - Wuhan Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 China - Xian Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 China - Xiamen Tel: 86-592-2388138 Fax: 86-592-2388130 China - Zhuhai Tel: 86-756-3210040 Fax: 86-756-3210049
ASIA/PACIFIC
India - Bangalore Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 Fax: 91-80-3090-4123 India - New Delhi Tel: 91-11-4160-8631 Fax: 91-11-4160-8632 India - Pune Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Fax: 91-20-2566-1513 Japan - Yokohama Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122 Korea - Daegu Tel: 82-53-744-4301 Fax: 82-53-744-4302 Korea - Seoul Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5932 or 82-2-558-5934 Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: 60-3-6201-9857 Fax: 60-3-6201-9859 Malaysia - Penang Tel: 60-4-227-8870 Fax: 60-4-227-4068 Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Fax: 63-2-634-9069 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-6578-300 Fax: 886-3-6578-370 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-213-7830 Fax: 886-7-330-9305 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Fax: 66-2-694-1350
EUROPE
Austria - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393 Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4450-2828 Fax: 45-4485-2829 France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Italy - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611 Fax: 39-0331-466781 Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399 Fax: 31-416-690340 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91 UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5869 Fax: 44-118-921-5820
02/18/11
DS51931A-page 50

PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design: © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51931A

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PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design: © 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51931A

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PIC18F87J72 Single-Phase Energy Meter Reference Design

2011 Microchip Technology Inc.

2011 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC18F87J72 SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER REFERENCE DESIGN Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Product Overview

Chapter 3. Calculation Engine and Register Description

2011 Microchip Technology Inc.