B i Operation

Basic O i

Conventional “Wet”
Mechanical Seals

© 2003 John Crane EAA 85

Basic Mechanical Seal

Loose ring set screwed to the shaft

86
Basic Mechanical Seal
Wear here will create leakage

O-ring prevents leakage through the bore

87
Basic Mechanical Seal
Heat generated here Large component
Leak path

Spring ensures automatic adjustment

88
Basic Mechanical Seal
Gasket or O-
O-ring

Inserted stationary component API Plan 2

Basic Mechanical Seal

API Plan 2
Basic Mechanical Seal

API Plan 2
Basic Mechanical Seal

API Plan 2
Heat control / removal

.
 Heat control / removal

API Plan 11 Product recirculation line.

94
Basic Mechanical Seal
Recirculation
for cooling

API Plan 11
95
API Seal Flush Plan
Seal Failure Analysis

.
Seal Failure Analysis

.
Basic Mechanical Seal

Secondary Seal Tertiary Seal

Primary Seal
99
Basic Mechanical Seal
Spring or Spring Force Mating Ring or Seat

Primary Ring or Face

100
 Spring Drive

Left hand or right hand spring?

 Mechanical Seal
Theory
Primary Seal

© 2003 John Crane EAA 102

 Primary Seal

Primary Mating
Ring Ring

Springs

Higher pressure on outside diameter

Higher pressure holds faces closed
Fluid is forced between faces to lubricate
Springs keep faces closed when no pressure
Primary Seal

Faces lapped flat to within 1 - 3 light bands

104
Film thickness = leakage
Leakage - Newtonian Fluids
Diameter (mm)
100 Speed (rpm)

80

60

40

30

20

Pressure (bar g) L e a k a g e ( m l/h )

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Balanced Seal Unbalanced Seal
Primary Seal
„ Fluid film thickness is very important
Ê too thin - wear,
wear causing early seal failure
Ê too thick - visible leakage
„ Must be:
b
Ê present - beware dry running
Ê stable
Ê clean - beware abrasive wear symptoms
Ê reasonable viscosity
Ê temperature controlled
Ê acceptable pressure.
Abrasive Wear

.
Is this abrasive wear?

.
Abrasives or no lubrication?

.
Seal Failure Analysis
Primary Seal - Abrasives

How do we prevent
damage and failure
caused
d by
b abrasives?
b i ?

112
Primary Seal - Abrasives
Primary Seal - Abrasives
 Cyclone Separator

To mechanical seal

From pump discharge

To pump suction
Cyclone Separator

116
Abrasive Wear
„ Cyclone separator API Plan 31
„ Filtered recirculation API Plan 12
„ Clean flush API Plan 32
„ Reverse circulation API Plan 13
„ Pressurised double seal API Plan 53 or 54
„ Up--Stream Pumping seal
Up
„ Hard faces
„ Seals designed
g for veryy heavyy abrasives
Seal for Heavy Abrasive Service

Type 5860
Viscosity
VISCOSITY (cSt)
Seal Type Up 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
to to to to to to to to and
500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Above

Standard Seal &

Pusher Seals with Standard Seal & Pinned or
Refer to John Crane
Positive Drive Mating Ring Clamped
Mating Ring
Standard Seal &
Standard Seal with Hard Faces Refer to
Elastomer Bellows Standard Seal & Pinned or
Pinned or Clamped Mating Ring John
Non-Pusher Seals Mating Ring Clamped
Limited Velocity - See Below Crane
Mating Ring
PTFE Bellows
Standard Seal & Clamped
p Mating
g Ring
g Refer to John Crane
Non Pusher
Non-Pusher

Standard Seal &

Standard Seal with Hard Faces Refer to
Metal Bellows Standard Seal & Pinned or
Pinned or Clamped Mating Ring John
Non-Pusher Mating Ring Clamped
Limited Velocity - See Below Crane
Mating Ring

Recommended
R d d
Minimum Radial Standard 5 mm 10 mm
Seal Clearance
Heating at
Optional Recommended
Start-Up
Refer
R f tto
Maximum Shaft
Seal Design Maximum 10 8 6 4 3 John
Velocity (m/s)
Crane
Seal Failure Analysis
Seal Failure Analysis
Stable Fluid Film
Coning Out – Positive Rotation
Coning Out – Positive Rotation
Coning In – Negative Rotation
CStedy

Type 48 Refinery Seal

CStedy simulation.

Click here
to run… Type48.aas

126
Type 48 Primary Rings

Type 48 MP
48LP
HP
Hydropad Primary Ring
 Latest Development

© 2003 John Crane EAA

LaserFace Technology
LaserFace Technology

„ Principle of Operation
LaserFace
Available T
Required T - Reduced
P
R Vapour
E Pressure
LaserFace Curve
S
Effect B
A C
S
Seal Operating
U
Area Gas
R
E

T E M P E R A T U R E (Tp)
LaserFace

„ Friction reduced

„ Face temperatures are lower

„ Leakage remains negligible / acceptable

„ Seal
S l life
lif is
i extended
t d d

„ Operate closer to boiling point

„ Reduce/eliminate expensive cooling.

Primary Seal

„ Excessive start / stop operation

Ê will drastically reduce seal life (MTBF - Mean
Time Between Failure)
Ê wear occurs between faces at start-
start-up
‹ no lubricating fluid film present
Ê wear on drive mechanism
‹ can cause lock-
l k-up / b
lock bayoneting
.
„ Is start / stop operation necessary?

134
Primary Seal

If faces are not flat

flat, contact generates heat
Excessive wear = short life

1 light band = 0.00001181 inch or 0.0003 mm

Lapping

136
Lapping

137
Lapping
Flatness Checking - Tools
Flatness Checking

140
Flatness Checking
Flatness Checking

Distance between dark

bands only affected by angle
of Optical Flat
Flatness Checking
Flatness Checking

144
Flatness Checking
Flatness Checking
Flatness Checking
Flatness Checking
Reconditioning Seals

„ Best to return to supplier

Ê Expert checking of ALL components
Ê Components replaced or reconditioned
Ê Latest design up-
up-dates
Ê Full knowledge of materials
Ê Check dimensions within correct tolerances
Ê Pressure tested
Ê As new.
Handling
„ Do not unpack seal until ready to fit

„ Avoid touching or handling faces

„ Place seal on bench with face uppermost

Ê on tissue paper
Ê do not place face down, nor on its side

„ Keep hands clean when fitting seal

150
Handling

„ Always
y carefullyy wipe
p lapped
pp faces clean with
tissue and approved solvent just before
placing together

Ê John Crane recommend Kemet CO

CO--42

„ Do not use lubricant on the faces.

faces
Primary Seal
„ Primary Ring (Narrow - Softer) Materials
Ê Carbon--graphite
Carbon
‹ resin impregnated
‹ antimony impregnated

Ê Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide

‹ resin impregnated
Primary Seal

C b converted
Carbon t d to
t
Silicon Carbide

…
Primary Seal

„ Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide (121)

Ê Oven at 1625 – 2225 °C

Ê Silicon Monoxide vapour

Ê Several hours to convert

‹ e.g. 2 hours @ 1925 °C ≈ 0.5 mm SiC depth

Primary Seal
„ Primary Ring (Narrow - Softer) Materials
Ê Carbon--graphite
Carbon
‹ resin impregnated
‹ antimony impregnated

Ê Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide

‹ resin impregnated

Ê Solid Silicon Carbide

‹ pure sintered

‹ reaction bonded

Ê Tungsten Carbide
‹ nickel or cobalt bonded
Primary Seal
„ Mating Ring (Wide - Harder) Materials
Ê Ni--resist™
Ni i t™
‹ high nickel cast iron; austenitic cast iron
Ê Ceramic
‹ 99.5% aluminium oxide
Mating Rings: Ceramic

.
Mating Rings: Ceramic

.
Primary Seal
„ Mating Ring (Wide - Harder) Materials
Ê Ni--resist™
Ni i t™
‹ high nickel cast iron; austenitic cast iron
Ê Ceramic
‹ 99.5% aluminium oxide

Ê Silicon Carbide
‹ pure sintered or reaction bonded
Ê Tungsten Carbide
‹ cobalt
b l or nickel
i k l bonded
b d d
Materials
JC Vickers Thermal Expansion Thermal Density
Material Code Hardness Conductivity Coefficient Shock 000’s kg/m3
-6
W/m°C@20°C
/ X 10 //°C 000’s W/m
/

Silicon Carbide
277 2500 125 4.0 24 3.1
Pure Alpha Sintered
Silicon Carbide +10% 2500
088 150 4.6 35 3.1
Si. Reaction Bonded + softer Silicon
Converted Silicon 2500
121 50 4.0 30 2.0
Carbide/Carbon + softer carbon

Tungsten Carbide
025 1500-1600 100 5.2 48 14.7
+6% Cobalt
Tungsten Carbide
005 1300-1500 80 5.6 43 14.7
+6% Nickel
Aluminium Oxide
059 1500+ 26 6.9 6 3.9
99.5% Alumina
Austenitic Cast Iron
007 200 40 19.3 - 7.3
13% Ni, 6% Cu
Carbon-Graphite 90
171 12 3.7 10 1.8
Resin Impregnated (estimated)
Primary Seal - Summary
„ A mechanical seal is self-
self-adjusting for wear
„ Has three main parts :-
:-
Ê Primary ring (narrower running face) + Secondary seal
Ê Mating ring (wider running face - harder) + Tertiary seal
Ê Spring(s) / Spring Force
„ The liquid film between the primary ring & mating ring is only 0.5 -
3.0 microns thick.
„ There are three main sealing areas :-
:-
Ê Primary Seal - Primary ring & Mating ring
Ê Secondary Seal - Primary ring & Shaft
Ê Tertiary Seal - Mating ring & Housing.
 S lf Assessment
Self A

Questions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1

„ What are the main „ Primary Ring with its

components that are Secondary Seal
required in any „ Mating Ring with its
mechanical seal? Tertiary Seal
„ Spring(s) or Spring
Force
Question 2

„ What is the purpose of „ To keep the faces

the springs? closed
Ê When pump is off
Ê At low pressure
Ê By assisting the
hydraulic
y p
pressure
Question 3

„ What assists the „ The spring(s), or spring

hydraulic pressure on force (e.g., from metal
the Primary Ring to bellows)
keep the faces closed?
Question 4

„ In most seal designs, „ On the outside diameter

where
h is
i the
th MAXIMUM
pressure in relation to
the seal faces?

„ Where is the MINIMUM „ On the inside diameter

pressure in
i relation
l i to
the seal faces?

„ Remember - RULE 1
Question 5

„ Does the liquid being „ Yes, in all conventional

sealed provide wet seals
lubrication at the
contact area between
the Primary Ring and
the Mating Ring?
Question 6

„ What is the ideal „ 0.5 to 3.0 μm (microns)

thickness of the fluid
film between the
Primary Ring and
Mating Ring?
Question 7

„ Name the seal formed „ The Primary Seal

at the contact area
between the Primary
Ring and the Mating
Ring?
Question 8

„ What term do we use to „ The Secondary Seal

describe the component Ê O-ring
that seals the Primary Ê PTFE Sealing Ring
Ring to the shaft or Ê B ll
Bellows
housing, but allows
axial movement?
Question 9

„ What is the purpose of „ To seal the Mating Ring

the Tertiary Seal? into its housing
„ On some designs, it is
also required to prevent
the Mating Ring from
g
rotating
 Mechanical Seal
Theory
Secondary Seal

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Secondary Seal
Secondary Seal
„ Three basic forms „ Two groups
Ê O-rings Ê Pusher
Ê PTFE sealing rings ‹ Sliding o-
o-rings
‹ Wedges ‹ PTFE sealing g rings
g
‹ Chevrons
Ê Non--pusher
Non
‹ ‘C’ rings
‹ Sleeved o o--rings
g ‹ Bellows
Ê Bellows
‹ Elastomer
‹ Metal
M t l
™ formed
™ edge welded
‹ PTFE
Secondary Seal: Pusher

Primary ring moves forward to take up wear

O-ring moves forward with the primary ring
Pushed by the hydraulic and spring pressures
 Secondary Seal: Pusher
Compact multiple springs Optimised cooling flow
Positive drive

Optimised primary ring design

Typical pusher seal - low emission duties

Pusher Seal: Hang-
Hang-up

An
external
quench
will
prevent
hang--up
hang

Product leakage solidifies / crystallises / polymerises

Prevents o-
o-ring pushing forward - leakage increases
Pusher Seal: Hang-
Hang-up

Or, ensure
minimum
clearance here

Excessive pressure and / or heat:

permanent set or extrusion
Secondary Seal: O-
O-Ring
Secondary Seal: O-
O-Ring

Type 48LP Cartridge Seal

Type 8B1 O-
O-Ring Pusher Seal
Secondary Seal: O-
O-Rings

Typical Trade/ Minimum Maximum

Material ISO/DIN/ temperature temperature Comments
Common names in seals in seals
NBR General purpose material.
Medium Nitrile -40°C 100°C
Buna N Up to 120°C in hydrocarbons
CR Ideal for refrigeration duties
duties.
Chloroprene -40°C 100°C
Neoprene Some specialist applications.
EP; EPR; EPDM Ideal for water up to 150°C.
Ethylene Propylene -40°C 135°C
Nordel™ Avoid oil/hydrocarbons.
FPM Maximum 135°C
135 C in water.
water
Fluorocarbon* -30°C 200°C
Viton A™ Hardens in high temp steam.
Perfluoroelastomer* FFKM; Isolast™ Wide range of chemical
-20°C 215°C
(Low temp. grades) Kalrez™ compatibility.
Perfluoroelastomer
Perfluoroelastomer* Isolast HT™
HT Wide range of chemical
-20°C
20°C 315°C
(High temp. grades) Kalrez™ compatibility.

* Note Health and Safety warning

Secondary Seal: O-
O-rings
Fluorocarbon

* > 275°
275°C - Hydrogen Fluoride gas is a possibility
> 316°
316°C - Hydrogen Fluoride gas is a certainty
Open system - Hydrogen Fluoride vapour
Closed system (e.g., o-
o-ring groove) condenses to
form liquid Hydrofluoric Acid

Wear Neoprene or PVC gloves

Protect eyes
Wash parts in Calcium Hydroxide solution
Secondary Seal: O-
O-rings
Perfluoroelastomer

* > 400°C - Hydrogen Fluoride gas is likely

p system
Open y - Hydrogen
y g Fluoride vapour p
Closed system (e.g., o-ring groove) condenses to
form liquid Hydrofluoric Acid

Wear Neoprene or PVC gloves

Protect eyes
Wash parts in Calcium Hydroxide solution
Stainless Steel Colour Chart

„ Straw yellow 370 – 425°

425°C

„ Brown 480 – 540°

540°C

„ Blue 600°
600°C

„ Black 650°
650°C

ALL of these are above the danger level for

Fluorocarbon and Perfluoroelastomer materials
 Technical Comparisons

Compression Set after 70 hours at temperature

90
80
70
Compression 60
set 50 Kalrez 4079
% Chemraz 505
40
Isolast 9503
30
20
10
0
.
204 218 232 246 260 °C
400 425 450 475 500 °F

Temperature
Chemical Resistance

350

300

250
Kalrez 4079
200 Kalrez 1050LF
150 Kalrez 2035
Isolast 9503
100

50

0
General Strong Amines, Steam, Ethylene Propylene
Chemical Acids Ammonia Hot Water Oxide Oxide
Thermal Expansion
m/mm)

0.06
ength (mm

0.05

0.04
ange in Le

Isolast
0.03
Kalrez*
0.02
Linear Cha

0.01

0
38 93 150 204 240 260
Temperature °C

*DuPont registered trademark

Secondary Seal: Wedge
Secondary Seal: Wedge
PTFE Wedge Seal – Type 109
Type 109B Wedge Pusher Seal
Secondary Seal: Chevrons
Secondary Seal: Sleeved O-
O-Ring
Secondary Seal: C-
C-Ring
Secondary Seal: PTFE
Minimum Maximum
Material temperature temperature
in seals in seals
Pure PTFE -40°C 230°C

Glass Filled PTFE -100°C

100°C 280°C

Exfoliated Graphite -40°C 500°C

PTFE Sleeved Fluorocarbon -20°C

20 C 200°C
200 C

FEP Coated Fluorocarbon -20°C 150°C

Spring Energised Pure PTFE Envelope -20°C

20 C 200°C
200 C

Spring Energised Glass Filled PTFE

-20°C 200°C
Envelope (Higher pressures)
Secondary Seal: Pusher
„ Advantages
Ê sudden failure very unlikely
Ê higher pressure capability – Primary Ring not subject to
external stresses
Ê wide choice of materials for all components
Ê field repairable

„ Disadvantages
Ê hang--up (not likely where o
hang o--ring is well isolated)
Ê permanent set / pressure problems (cause hang-
hang-up)
Ê excellent shaft surface finish required
Ê maximum temperature ~260°
~260°C
 Secondary Seal: Non-
Non-Pusher
No contact here

Elastomer Bellows grips shaft tightly

 Secondary Seal: Non-
Non-Pusher

Bellows flexes to take up wear, misalignment and axial play

Fine machined shaft surface required
Do not use “good” lubricant - never use silicon grease
Elastomer Bellows Seal
Elastomer Bellows Seals
Hands--on Exercise
Hands

Assemble a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

.
Elastomer Bellows Seal
Two--Ply Rolled Metal Bellows
Two
Rolled Twin Ply Bellows

Twin p
plyy tube formed into bellows
Additional benefits of Saflex
„ Higher pressures
Ê up to 30 bar g

„ Open
p convolutions
Ê better on solids, food & pharmaceuticals

„ Higher torsional strength

„ Ideal
d a for
o specials
sp a s
Ê minimal tooling

„ Any size up to 18” (or possibly more)

Technical details - GL1B

„ DIN 24960 L1K

„ ANSI

„ metric / inch

„ 230 psi (16 bar)

„ up to 480°
480°F (250°
(250°C)

„ 5/8” to 4”

„ up to 4500 rpm
Edge Welded Metal Bellows
Bellows Design
The inside 45°
45° Tilt Angle
developed for the NASA
space program.
Drastically reduces the
stresses
t att th
the weld
ld and
d
heat affected zone

This has been proven on

test with fatigue failures
occurring away from
weld
ld
Bellows Design
Why is the 45°
45° angle at the inside edge only?

The seals are

a e designed for
fo external
e te nal pressure.
p ess e
The outside weld is not so critical - the pressure
forces the plates together on the outside and
apart on the inside
Edge Welded Metal Bellows
Low Temperature Seals
„ Type 680 - Alloy 20 Bellows

„ Type 670 - Hastelloy C-

C-276 Bellows

„ Type 675 - Titanium Bellows

„ Type 676 - AM 350 Bellows

Edge Welded Metal Bellows
Type 680: Alloy 20 - 8 convolutions

Size Range Temperature: -75ºC to 200ºC

3/4” to 3.5/8” Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar g
18 mm to 100 mm Speed: to 25 m/s
Edge Welded Metal Bellows
Type 670: Alloy C-
C-276 - 12 convolutions

Size Range Temperature: -75ºC to 200ºC

3/4” to 7” Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar g
18 mm to 150 mm Speed: to 25 m/s
Type 670 Welded Bellows Seal
Edge Welded Metal Bellows

High Temperature Seals

„ Type 609 - Rotating Narrow Cross Section

„ Type 606 - Rotating Seal with Drive Lugs

„ Type 604 – Stationary Seal

Edge Welded Metal Bellows
Type 609

Size Range Temperature: -75ºC to 425ºC

1” to 4” Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar g
25 mm to 100 mm ((up
p to 65 bar g with double
double--p
ply)
y)
Speed: to 25 m/s
Type 609 Edge Welded Bellows
Double--Ply Welded Bellows
Double
Edge Welded Metal Bellows
Type 606

Size Range Temperature: -75ºC to 425ºC

3/4” to 3.3/4” Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar g
19 mm to 95 mm ((up
p to 65 bar g with double
double--p
ply)
y)
Speed: to 25 m/s
Type 606 Edge Welded Bellows
Rotating High Temperature Seal
Edge Welded Metal Bellows

Type 604

Size Range Temperature: -75ºC to 425ºC

3/4” to 4.5/8” Pressure: vacuum to 20 bar g
and 5.3/8
5 3/8” ((up
p to 65 bar g with double
double--p
ply)
y)
Speed: to 50 m/s
Type 604 Seal Head
 Edge Welded Metal Bellows

Steam quench first cleans bellows, then running faces, then back to drain

Type 604 Cartridge

 Secondary Seal: Non-
Non-Pusher
Summary

No movement here
No contact here
Bellows expands to take up wear
Secondary Seal: Metal Bellows
„ Bellows Materials
Ê IInconell X-
X-750 andd 718
Ê Alloy C
C--276 (e.g., Hastelloy C)
Ê AM350 Stainless Steel
Ê Alloy 20
Ê Titanium
„ Shaft Seal Materials
Ê O-rings - full range, details as before
Ê Exfoliated Graphite
‹ ~500°°C
~500
Secondary Seal: Metal Bellows
„ Advantages
Ê temperatures to 425°
425°C (or more)
Ê no hang-
hang-up
Ê non--clogging
non
Ê hygienic
Ê fine machined shaft surface acceptable
Ê elastomer bellows are rugged yet low cost

„ Disadvantages
Ê sudden failure possible, though unlikely
‹ (“flashing” or mis-
mis-alignment)
Ê not field repairable
Ê maximum pressure 35 bar g (2
(2--ply to 65 bar g)
Secondary Seal: PTFE Bellows
Secondary Seal: PTFE Bellows
Secondary Seal: PTFE Bellows

Type 10T

Type 10R
Secondary Seal: Lead-
Lead-in

Seal Type
Seal Size Y mm
(Example Only)

Unbalanced Pusher Seals Up to 65 mm 2.5 mm

Unbalanced Pusher Seals Above 65 mm 4.0 mm

Elastomer Bellows Up to 26 mm 5.0 mm

Elastomer Bellows 26 mm — 60 mm 6.5 mm

Elastomer Bellows Above 60 mm 8.0 mm

For “Y” dimension see individual seal fitting instructions

 S lf Assessment
Self A

Questions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1

„ Name the devices used „ O-rings

for Secondary Sealing „ PTFE Sealing Rings
Ê Wedges
Ê Chevrons
Ê Others
„ Bellows
Ê Elastomer
Ê Metal
Ê PTFE
„ Packing
g Rings
g
Ê Exfoliated graphite
Question 2

„ O-rings are often used „ Marginal flexibility

as Secondary Seals. „ Extrusion
What, if any, are their „ Hang--up
Hang
drawbacks?
„ Permanent set
„ Temperature limits
Ê HF acid possible
Question 3

„ Using a Bellows type „ The bellows expands or

Secondary Seal, flexes
describe how the „ There is no relative
component adjusts and movement on the
compensates for shaft/sleeve.
primary ring wear or
movement.
Question 4

„ With a Wedge Ring „ True

d i off seal,
design l the
th
Primary Ring rocks on
the nose of the wedge
g
to take up any
misalignment.

True / False
 Mechanical Seal
Theory
Tertiary Seal / Mating
Rings

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Basic Mechanical Seal

Secondary Seal Tertiary Seal

Primary Seal
238
Tertiary Seal
„ Four basic types
Ê O-rings
‹ elastomers
Ê Sealing
g Rings
g (square
( q / rectangular
g section))
‹ PTFE
‹ graphite

Ê Cup Rings
‹ elastomers
Ê Gaskets or Flat Joints
‹ PTFE
‹ compressed
d fibre.
fib
Tertiary Seal

„ Prevents
P t lleakage
k round
d mating
ti ring
i

„ Sometimes also prevents rotation

Tertiary Seal: O-
O-ring
Tertiary Seal: O-
O-ring
Tertiary Seal: O-
O-ring
Tertiary Seal: O-
O-ring
Tertiary Seal: O-
O-ring
Tertiary Seal: Rectangular Ring
Tertiary Seal: Rectangular Ring
 Tertiary Seal: Rectangular Ring

PTFE or Graphite
Tertiary Seal: Cup Rubber
Tertiary Seal: Gasket
Mating Rings

A / AG

P / PG / PP
Mating Rings

BO

BP / 248X
 Mating Rings

N / NG

W / WG

WM
Mating Rings

V / VM

U / UM
 Special Mating Rings
CE

SC

BC

BD
 S lf Assessment
Self A

Questions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1

„ Describe the basic „ To prevent leakage

purpose of the ‘Tertiary’ round the mating ring
seal „ Also in some
applications
Ê Prevent rotation of
stationaryy mating
g ring
g
Ê Cushion mating ring
from distortion
Question 2

„ Name the forms of „ O-rings

‘T ti ’ sealing
‘Tertiary’ li Ê elastomers
components? „ Seat Rings (square or
rectangular
g section))
Ê PTFE
Ê graphite
„ C Rings
Cup Ri
Ê elastomers
„ Gaskets or Flat Joints
Ê PTFE
Ê compressed fibre.
Question 3

„ Explain why the o-

o-ring „ If mating ring is made
groove is sometimes from hard materials
machined into the such as tungsten
mating ring housing carbide or silicon
rather than the mating carbide. Easier to
ring itself. machine accurate
groove into stainless
steel.
Question 4

„ What item is essential „ Anti--rotation pin

Anti
i the
in th mating
ti ring
i
housing when using
PTFE or exfoliated
graphite tertiary seals?
Question 5

„ To install a PTFE „ First install it onto the

t ti
tertiary seal,
l should
h ld you mating
ti ring,
i th
then cooll it
heat it up to soften it, down (cold running
or cool it down to shrink water tap p or place
p
it? refrigerator) to ease
installation into the
mating ring housing.
housing
Hands--on Exercise
Hands

Fit a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

 Fitting a John Crane
Type 2
Elastomer Bellows Seal
Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal
L3 'X'
Gasket

3 2 1

L3

= Scribed datum lines

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

1 Scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

2 Remove shaft from seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

Gasket

3 Measure dimension ‘X’

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

(2) (1)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm inboard of line (1)

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

(3) (2) (1)

L3
5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2),
L3 is the working length of the seal unit (See Fitting Instructions).
Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(3) (2) (1)

6 Ensure
E setscrews
t are withdrawn
ithd sufficiently
ffi i tl tto clear
l shaft
h ft and
d
slide abutment ring into position abutting line (3).
Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(3) (2) (1)

7 Ti
Tighten
ht setscrews
t and,
d usingi soft
ft soap as a llubricant,
bi t slide
lid
seal unit along shaft until it touches abutment ring.
Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(3) (2) (1)

8 Replace shaft / seal in seal chamber. Ensure Primary

Ring and Mating Ring are perfectly clean and dry.
Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(3) (2) (1)

9 Insert gland plate into seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(3) (2) (1)

L3
10 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing
seal to its working length (L3).
 Fitting a Type 2
Elastomer Bellows Seal
 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

1 Lightly scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(1)

2 Dismantle pump – remove seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

Gasket

3 Fit Mating Ring into Gland Plate.

Measure dimension ‘X’.
 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

‘X’

(2)
(1)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm outboard of line (1).

 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

Note this dimension from line (3) to

end of shaft or a shaft step.
‘Z’

‘X’

(2)
(3) (1)

L3
5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2),
L3 is the working length of the seal unit (See Fitting Instructions).
 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal
On single-ended pumps, first slide
Lubricate shaft with suitable lubricant gland plate onto shaft, taking care
not to damage the mating ring

Suitable pushing sleeve

(2)
(3) (1)

6 Pushing on the tail of the bellows, slide seal head into

position, passed line (3). NB: Spring and Locating Ring removed.
 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)
(3) (1)

7 Replace spring and spring locating ring.

 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

Check this dimension from line (3)

to end of shaft or a shaft step.
‘Z’

(2)
(3) (1)

8 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear shaft and

slide abutment ring into position abutting line (3).
 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)
(3) (1)

9 Check ring is square. Tighten setscrews. Refit seal chamber.

Ensure lapped faces are perfectly clean & dry.
 Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)
(3) (1)

10 Insert gland plate into seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 2 Elastomer Bellows Seal

(2)
(3) (1)

L3
11 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing
seal to its working length (L3).
 Pump Assembly
Checks
Tolerances to give
extended seal life

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Pump Assembly Checks

Shaft/Sleeve Maximum Shaft/Sleeve

Secondary Seal Diametral Ovality Surface Finish Description
Tolerance

Ground and polished free

PTFE Pusher Seals ±0.05 mm 0.025 mm 0.1-0.25 µm Ra
from any machining marks
Elastomer O-Ring Polished free from any
±0.05 mm 0.05 mm 0.3-0.6 µm Ra
Pusher Seals machining marks
Fine machined. High quality
Elastomer Bellows ±0.05 mm 0.10 mm 0.8-1.2 µm Ra
finish is undesirable
Fine machined. High quality
PTFE Bellows ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm 0.8-1.2 µm Ra
finish is undesirable
1.2 µm Ra or
Metal Bellows ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm Fine machined or better
better
1.2 µm Ra or
Cartridge Seals ±0.05 mm 0.05 mm Fine machined or better
better
Pump Assembly Checks

Rotating assembly correctly balanced

VDI 2060 and ISO 1940
Pump Assembly Checks

Shaft should be straight

Maximum TIR 0.05
0 05 mm
Pump Assembly Checks

Shaft run out

1450 rpm 0.08
0 08 mm TIR;
TIR 2900 rpm 0.05
0 05 mm TIR
Pump Assembly Checks

Axial and radial bearing clearances

1450 rpm 0.08
0 08 mm TIR;
TIR 2900 rpm 0.05
0 05 mm TIR
Pump Assembly Checks
Pump Assembly Checks

As square as possible
1450 rpm 0.08
0 08 mm TIR; 2900 rpm 0.05
0 05 mm TIR
> 8,000,000 times a day
Pump Assembly Checks

Clearance in bore of stationary face = 0.4 to 0.5 mm

Stuffing
St ffi B Box concentric
t i within
ithi 00.15
15 mm TIR
Pump Assembly Checks

Check seal area and coupling shaft end

1450 rpm
pm 0.08
0 08 mm TIR;
TIR 2900 rpm
pm 0.05
0 05 mm TIR
Pump Assembly Checks

Check coupling alignment accurately

Which method do you use?
Pump Assembly Checks
„ Accurately align
pipe work

„ Pipe strain will

cause premature
seal and bearing
failure

„ 1 hour spent
p
aligning pipe work
= 1 year extra seal
life.
lif
Pump Assembly Checks

Attach piping to the correct connections

Pump Assembly Checks

„ Shaft surface must be in g

good condition:
Ê no pits, scratches or grubscrew marks

Ê fine machined or better for non-

non-pusher seals

Ê ground
d and
d polished
li h d with
ith no machining
hi i
marks for pusher seals

„ No pipe strain.
Hands--on Exercise
Hands

A
Assemble
bl and
d Fit a T
Type 109 PTFE W
Wedge
d Seal
S l
Fitting a Type 109
PTFE Wedge Seal
 Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)

1 Scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(1)

2 Remove shaft from seal chamber.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘X’

Gasket

3 Measure dimension ‘X’.

 Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘X’

(2) (1)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm inboard of line (1).

 Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

‘X’

(3) (2) (1)

L3
5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2),
L3 is the working length of the seal unit (see Fitting Instructions).
 Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(3) (2) (1)

6 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear

shaft and slide seal into position abutting line (3).
 Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(3) (2) (1)

7 Tighten setscrews and replace shaft / seal in seal chamber.

Ensure running faces are perfectly clean and dry.
 Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal
‘A’

(3) (2) (1)

8 Insert gland plate into seal chamber. Check gap ‘A’.

Fitting a Type 109 Wedge Seal

(3) (2) (1)

L3
9 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing
seal to its working length (L3).
Holding Clips - Wedge Seals
Holding Clips - Wedge Seals