ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUAL

I --

M 360.12
-- P--- -

CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

AUSTRIA
SECTION 12: COMMUNICATIONS
------

,,~.

. DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.-The Information contained in restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated to the public or to the press except by authorized military public relations agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)

HEADQUARTERS, ARMY SERVICE FORCES

17 FE B RUARY 1945

ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUAL

_ _ _ _ _ ~I ~ _ _ _

M 360-12
Civil Affairs

__

CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

AUSTRIA
SECTION 12: COMMUNICATIONS

Headquarters, Army Service Forces

17 February 1945

DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.-The Information contained in restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be ccmmunicated to the public or to the press except by authorized military public relations agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)

i__

NCLASSFI E

N -

O-

NUMBERING SYSTEM OF ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUALS The main subject matter of each Army Service Forces Manual is indicated by consecutive numbering within the following categories: M M99 M100 - M199 M200 M300 M400 M500 M600 M700 M800 M900 M299 M399 M499 M599 M699 M799 M899 up Basic and Advanced-Training Army Specialized Training Program and PreInduction Training' Personnel and Morale Civil Affairs Supply and Transportation Fiscal Procurement and Production Administration Miscellaneous Equipment, Materiel, Housing

and Construction

'

HEADQUARTERS, Washington 25, D.

ARMY SERVICE FORCES, C. 17 February 1945.

Army Service Forces Manual M 360 Austria Section 12, Communications, General,

12,

Civil Affairs Handbook,

has been prepared under the supervision published for the information and

of the Provost Marshal

and is

guidance of all concerned. SPX 461 (21 Sep 43)

By command of Lieutenant General SOMERVELL:

OFFICIAL: J. A. ULIO, Major General, The Adjutant General., DISTRIBUTION: AAF (5); AGF

W. D. STYER, Lieutenant General, U. Chief of Staff.

S.

A.

(5);

ASF

(2):

Special Distribution.

iii

,This

study on Austrian Communications

by the

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BANCH, OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

OFFICERS USING THESE HANDBOOKS ARE REQUESTE)

TO MAKE SUGGESTIONS AND

CRITICISES INDICATING THE REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS WHICH WOULD

MORE USEFUL.

MAKE

THEM.

THESE CRITICISMS SHOULD BE SENT TO THE CHIEF OF THE 2809

LIAISON AND STUDIES BRANCH, MILITARY GOVERNMENT DIVISION, PMGO,

MUNITIONS BUILDING, WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

iv

INTRODUCTION

Purposes of the Civil Affairs Handbooks

The basic objectives of civil affairs officers are (1) to assist the'. Commanding General by quickly establishing those orderly conditions which will contribute most effectively to the conduct of military operations'(2) to reduce to a minimum the human suffering and the material damage resulting from disorder, and (3) to create the conditions which will make it possible for civilian agencies to function effectively. The preparation of Civil Affairs Handbooks is a part of the effort to carry out these responsibilities as efficiently and humanely as possible. The Handbooks do not deal with plans or policies (which will depend It should be clearly underupon, changing and unpredictable developments). stood that they do not imX a given official program of action, They are rather ready reference source books containing the basic factual information needed for planning and policy making.

V-

CIVIL

AFFAIRS TOPICAL

HANDBOOKS OUTLINE

1. 2. 3. 4.

Geographical and Social Background Government and Administration Legal Affairs Government Finance Money and Banking Natural Resources Agriculture
Industry and Commerce

5.
6. 7.
8.

9. 10. U1.

Labor Public Works and Utilities Transportation Systems Communications Public Health and Sanitation Public Safety Education Public Welfare Cultural Institutions

12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

One Civil Affairs Handbook on each of the above subjects is

being issued.

MILITARY the This study on Austrian Communications was pxepared for GOVERNENT DIVISION, OFFICE OF THE PROVOST MARSHAL GENERAL by the RESEARI

AND ANALYSIS BRANCH,

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES.

-vi-

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUidMARY I. ADMINISTRATION A. B. C. D. The Generaldirektion Central Servicing Offices Local Authorities Lines of Authority and Budgetary Matters 1 1 2 3 4 5 ix

E. Fiscal
F. II. TELEPHONE

Personnel

17 17
21 23

A.' Extent and Development B. C. III. Operation Special Services

TELEGRAPH AND MISCELLANJEOUS A. B. C. Telegraph Teletype Facsimile

WIRE

SERVICES

42 42 44 44 51 51 52 53 53 53 54

IV.

RADIO A. B. RAVAG Radio-Austria AG

V.

POSTAL SERVICES A. B. C. Letter Post Money Mail Parcel Post

-D. E. VI. Newspapers Changes under the Reichspost POSTAL COLLECTION AND DELIVERY A. B. VII. Collection Delivery

-viiPage 54 55 57 57 57 59 59 59 59 60 61 61 61

POSTAL TRANSPORT A. B. C. D. Rail Transport Motor Transport Air Transport Pneumatic Post

VIII.

POSTAL BANKING SYSTEM A. B. Administration Services

IX.

TABLES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Postal and Telecommunications Offices in Austria, 1935 Financial Statement, 1935 Civil Servants (Beamte and Beamtenanwarter) employed by the Austrian PTT, 1936 Long-distance (Trunk and Interurban) Telephone Cable in Austria, 1936 Length of Telephone Line in Austria, 1936 Length of Telephone Wire in Austria, 1936 International Telephone Circuits in Austria, 1936 Technical Details of Buried Telephone Cables in Austria, 1937 Telephone Facilities in Austria, 1935 Number and Type of Telephones in Local Exchanges with more than 500 Subscribers in Austria, 1936 Large Automatic Telephone Exchanges in Austria, 1939 Large Manual Telephone Exchanges in Austria, 1939 Number and Capacity of Automatic and Manual Exchanges in Austria, 1939 10 11 12-16 25 26 27 28 29-35 36 37-38 39 40

-viiiPage 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. X. Telephone Traffic in Austria, 1935 Long-distance Cable Telegraph Circuits in Austria, 1936 Length of Telegraph Lines in Austria, 1936 Length of Telegraph Lines in Austria, 1936 Telegraph Facilities in Austria, 1935 Telegraph Traffic in Austria, 1935 Letter Post Traffic in Austria', 1935 Money Mail Traffic in Austria, 1935 Parcel Post Traffic in Austria, 1935 Postal Delivery Transportation in Austria, 1935 41

4 48 49 50 55 56 56 58

CHARTS 1. Administrative Hierarchy of the Austrian PTT, 1938 2. Generaldirektion for Austrian PTT 3. Postal and Telegraph Districts in Austria, 1938 7 8 9

XI.

MAPS 1. 2. Telephone Offices in Vienna Austria, Main Telecommunication Routes

XII.

APPENDIX' POST-ANSCILUSS STATISTICAL TABLES Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 64 Postal Administration in Austria, 1939 I. 65 Post Offices in Austria, 1939 II. 66 1939 III. Reichspost Employees in Austria, Line Statistics in IV. Telephone and Telegraph 67 Austria, 1939 68 Stations in Austria, 1939 V. Telephone VI. Telephone and Telegraph Offices in Austria, 1939 69 VII. Total Long-distance Telephone Traffic in Austria, 70 1938-1939 70 VIII. Telegraph Traffic in Austria, 1938-1939 71 IX. Postal Traffic in Austria, 1938-1939 72 X. Postal Bus Transport in Austria, 1938-1939 72 XI.' Postal Savings in Austria 73 XII. Postal Checking in Austria, 1938-1939

SUMMARY Before the Anschiuss the enverwaltung, a Communications 0

Austria was supervised by the Generaldirektion fur die Post- und Telegraphsemi-independent bureau under the Minister of Trade and The Generaldirektion consisted of twelve service divisions and two central offices, and was headed by the Generaldirektor. Directly subordinate to the Generaldijektion were four central technical

civilian communications organization in

Local administration was carried out by postal and telegraph Total PTT employees in 1935 numbered 26,373, of which 20,542 ranked as Beamte. After the Anschluss all
districts and their local operating offices. functions of the Generaldirektion were taken over by the Reichspost and lines

service offices.

of authority redirected to Berlin,

unchanged.

Local administration remained almost

The Austrian telephone system constituted by far the most important part of the telecommunication services, ranking second only to the combined postal services as a source of income for the PTT. Station equipment was largely concentrated in the federal state of Viennax-l84,840 out of 272,139

total telephones in Austria, or an average of 9.86 as against 4.03 per hundred

population. In automatization the postal and telegraph district Vienna was also far in advafice of the rest of the country, with an average of 72 per cent automatization of telephone exchanges, the other districts averaging less than .5 per cent. A German concession was responsible for the good condition of line equipment throughout Austria. A long-distance line was laid in

underground cable,
Telegraph services were secondary to those of the telephone though facilities were available throughout the country, Teletype consti-

-public

tuted the most important telegraphic advance and was just coming into use at the time of the Anschluss. There was one facsimile installation in Vienna.
Radio services were operated by two mixed-ownership joint-stock enterprises: 1l' RAVAG having a monopoly. of broadcasting and domestic radio-

telephony and radio-telegraphy services; and 2)

Radio-Austria, AG controlling
After the Anschluss all

Austria's international radio-telegraph business. radio services were taken over by the Reichspost,

The Austrian Post in addition to providing general postal services, similar to those of the United States (letter post and parcel post), also handled some special money services such as money letters, postal money orders and government checks. Newspaper subscriptions and deliveries were furnished by the postal services.

*1t

-x-

The Austrian Post depended upon railways, motor vehicles and air transport for the major part of postal transportation. However, in certain districts which were not served by these public facilities the Post provided a Kraftpost or motor transport system which carried passengers as well as mail. The Postal banking system was operated independently of the Austrian PTT but is' included here because it used PTT office facilities a.nd because after the Anschluss it was incorporated into the postal services of the German Reichspost. This Postal banking system offered two services: 1) postal savings, and 2) postal checking. After German occupation the postal checking service was separated from the bank and merged with the German postal checking system. Only the Postal savings service continued to be administered by the Osterreichische Postsparkasse (Austrian Postal Bank). The latter system was extended throughout Greater Germany but headquarters were maintained in Vienna. In 1938, except for the specific changes mentioned above, the Austrian
postal
and

telecommunications

services

were

taken

over intact

by the

German

Unless otherwise indicated, statistics given are the latest Reichspost, available figures for pre--Anschluss Austria. There is an appendix of postAnschluss statistical tables at the end of this report arranged in the, general order followed by the main body of the text.

I.

ADMINISTRATION (See

Chart No.

1.)

A.

THE GENERALDIREKTION
Before the Anchiuss the civilian communications system of Austria

die Post- und Teleeaphenverwal was operated by the Generaldirektion fi a semi-independent bureau under the Minister of Trade and Communications. In contrast to the German organization in which the postal and telecomdmunications services were directed by a separate ministry (the Reichspostministerium) and where the director was a cabinet minister, the Austrian Generaldirektion was only one of several independent offices, councils
and commissions subordinate to the

Minister

of Trade and Communications,

Its Generaldirektor (Postmaster Oeneral) but independent of the Ministry. was a civil servant appointed by and responsible only to the Minister, His own authority within the Generaldirektion was absolute but in political circles his stature was decidedly inferior to that of his counterpart in

Berlin,
in

the Reichspostinster.

The Generaldirektion was thus a ministry in form and function but not It was composed of twelve service divisions Chart No.2 . Although (Abteilungen) which were administered in three groups of four each. group was concerned of function, the first there was no clear distinction the second, with the post; anid the third, with largely with personnel; telephone and telegraph. The first and third groups were aministered by section chiefs (Sektion Chefs), the second by the Generaldirektor himself who apparently was promoted from the position of section chief but retained

rank

at

the same time the latter's function.

In addition to these twelve service divisions were two central offices within the Generaldirektion: 1) a bookkeeping office (Buchhaltungsstelle), and 2) an accounting office (Post-Fachpriifungsstelle).

these functions of the Generaldirektion were housed in the central administration building in Vienna, Postgasse 8-10, The dead letter office
for all Austria was also located in this building.

All

Radio
general PTT

postal savings services were operated independently of the (See Chapters IV and organization.

v).

B.

CENTRAL SERVICING OFFICES (Dienststellen) Outside the actual structure of the Generaldirektion but entirely

dependent upon it were four central servicing offices, also located in 1) Postzeugverwaltung Vienna, for the administration of technical matters:

Abbreviation for Post, Telegraph and Telephone.

-2-

for postal equipment, 2) Telegraphenzeugverwaltung for telegraph equipment, 3) Postkraftfahrleitung, headquarters for postal rolling stock, and 4) In 1935 the Postkraftwagenwerkstadtte, repair shop for postal vehicles. technical affairs of postal vehicles last two offices were abolished and all reorganized into one office, Postkraftzeugvewaltun g. General administrative affairs and traffic regulations were turned over to the postal administration sections of the local postal and telegraph districts. In 1938 all affairs of postal vehicles were again reorganized and centralized, this time into a separate group forming part of the Generaldirektion but apparently responsible directly to the Minister of Trade and Coinmunications. This new group (tsterreichische Kraftpost) has not been ineluded in Table No. 1 of the general administrative hierarchy because of lack of information concerning its position and because the new group was in existence only for a few months prior to the Anschluss. C.

LOCAL AUTHORITIS
1. Postal and Telegraph Districts

The postal and telegraph district (Post und telegraphendirektion) was the basic unit of local administration. Although there were only five such geographical districts in pre-Ascebluss Austria, there were six administrative offices (Chart No, 3) because of Vienna's postal functions This was probably were separated from those of the telegraph and telephone. due not only to the larger volume of bubsiness in the capital city but also to the fact that in addition to its 'other services, the telegraph adminishandled the Rohrpost (pneumatic mail) construction and tration in Vien was responsible for the central cable construction section. functional division of a postal and telegraph district office was threefold: (1) administration, (2) bookkeeping, and (3) maintenance and construction of lines. The latter section (Bausektion) was usually sub-divided into one telephone and several telegraph territorial units. ,however, had no telephone units. The districts of Innsbruck and Klagenfurt,

The normal

2.

rati

Offices

The actual operations of the communications services were carried

out by two groups of local offices: (1) those which dealt directly with

the public, and (2) those which dealt only with district headquarters or performed strictly technical services.
(1) post and telegraph offices (PostThe first group included: und Telearahen' ter, which handled postal and telegraph and sometimes telephone servis , (2) post offices (Pos ':ter-postal services only), aele rahena.iter -telegraph services only), (4) (3) telegraph offices ( railway telegraph offices (Xisenbahntelegraphenstationen telegraph

SNOW
Vii:' :::';; :'i i ,V:

-3-

services only), (5) telephone offices (Fernsprechiimter -telephone

services only), (6) contractual telephone offices (Vertragliche Feixsprechamter -private telephone offices which had contracts with the

PTT to handle telegraph services), and (7) postal agencies (Postablagen),

A postal agency usually consisted of one agent, who might be assisted These agents were responsible for the handling of postal by his wife.

(and

sometimes telegraph and telephone)

services in

rural localities

They were not civil servants and are not to be with no post offices. confused with mail carriers who actually distributed and collected mail. (See Table No. 1 for number and, type of these offices.) Group 2 consisted of: (1) supply offices for the accounting of

(money and') material ((Geld und) 1aterialverrechnungsstellen); and (2) Construction offices were handled repeater stations (Verstarker.mter.
by the district rather than by local authorities (see preceding section). D. LINES OF AUTHORITY

With the exception of the semi-independent radio concessions, the The Generaldire ktion Austrian communications system was highly centralized. The functions. to its staff in addition was top heavy with executive duties

were inpostal and telegraph districtslocal administrative units- the This structure was utilized dependent in structure but not in authority.
The by the Germans in the reorganization of the PTT after the Anschluss. the Generaldirektion - was hierarchy-of the administrative upper half All the existence of the local districts. dissolved without disturbing the Generaldirektion were taken over byr the Reichspostminisfunctions of to Berlin.!/ The postaL and redirected of authority terium and lines telegraph districts (with the exception of those changes listed below) were simply incorporated into the Reichspost and reclassified as Reich In practice these 4istricts gained considerable indepostal districts.

pendence in

matters

of

local authority because the German Reichspostminis-

teriumn was purely a policy-making body.

tion

The most important change in administrative structure was the combinainto of the Vienna postal district. and the Vienna telegraph district
Minor changes in the five district areas were as follows:

one district.

At the time of the Anschluss the Reichspost also took over the state
in Vienna, although previously it (Staatsdruckerei) press printing to the work of the Generaldirektion. had had no relation

s Ry

:.

-4Name of PTT district Vienna Austrian area Vienna Niedersterreich German area Vienna Niederdonau(Niedercsterreich and northern and central Burgenland) Steiermark (except 'Aussee but including southern

Graz

Steiermark

Burgenland)
Innsbruck Tirol Vorarlberg Klagenfurt 'Karnten Vorarlberg, northern Tirol Karnten eastern Tirol Salzburg Oberdonau (Oberbsterreich and Aussee)

Linz

Salzburg Oberbsterreich.

The various operating offices under the districts were also presumably taken over intactlJ' E. FISCAL AND BJDGETARY MATTERS

year in prs-Anschluss Austria dated from 1 January to 31 The fiscal After the Anschluss the Ciscal year was changed to conform with December. 1 April to 31 March. German administration:
and telegraph districts had its own bookkeeping postal Each of the sections and separate cashiers through whom all accounts were recorded Financial reports were sent directly to Vienna, to the (Chart No. 3). central bookkeeping and accounting offices of the Generaldirektion. See The percentage of Table No. 2 for financial statement of the year 1935. PTT income derived in 1936 from the various services was as follows:

Unless otherwise indicated, statistics given are the latest available

figures for pre-Anschluss Austria. At the end of the report however,

there is an appendix of post-Anschluss statistical tables arranged in

the general order followed by this text.

-5-

Postal services Telegraph services Telephone services Postal Transport services Postal Savings services Radio services Others

54 02 34 03 03 01 03

100
Postal savings and radio funds were administered independently. and license fees, however, were included in the general revenues. F. PERSONNEL 1. Civil Servants Rental

Before the Anschluss, the majority of all employees of the Austrian PTT were under civil service regulations. The higher-grade employees-were graduates either of a law school or of a technical university. Lower-grade employees had to pass tests before entering upon, and on completion of, the special training courses provided by the Generaldirektion. In 1935, there were 20,542 civil servants (Beamte) including those civil servants on probation (Beamtenanwarter) and those on temporary retirement. Of this total number 15 per cent were women. In addition there were For 944 part-time civil servants and 982 manual workers under civil service. a statistical summary of the types and number of civil servants employed by the PTT at the end of 1936 see Table No. 3 at the end of this section. 2. Other Employees

Many statutory positions were not filled by civil servants, but by employees under special government contract (notto be confused with Austrian civil service appointment). They were under more or less temporary appointment. In 1935, there were, under such special contracts, 1,345 men and women in full-time work and 1,426 in part-time or seasonal work. Additional help was sometimes hired under strictly private contract by the heads of some post and telegraph offices who had lump sums at their disposal. There were 550 such employees in 1935. : Managers of the Postablagen may be regarded as private business men acting as agents of the PTT since they neither received a fixed salary nor kept regular office hours. In 1935, there were 584 managers. They received a percentage of the income derived from the sale of stamps.
;:i '

-63. Effects of the Anachiuss

Before the Anschlusa, virtually all the lwer-grade employees of the PTT were organized in either social-democratic or christiansocialist trade unions. Therefore, many of them, particularly those most active in union affairs, were dismissed or retired when the Nazis assumed control of the country. Among the higher ranks of PTT employees
the turnover was much less pronounced, since many of these men had been

thoroughly nazified before the Anschluss. The total number of PTT employees was increased tremendously after the Anschl.uss. (For a statistical summary of the number of Reichspost employees in Austria, 31 March 1939, see Table III in appendix.) This increase may be explained in part by the following facts: 1) Under the Nazi regime the two radio enterprises which had previously been operated independently were incorporated into the PTT, with a resultant transfer of personnel. 2) With the Anschluss, the personnel of the postal banking services, which had been under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, was now transferred to the PTT. 3) Before the advent of the Nazis, the Austrian postal service had been understaffed. Under the Nazis, these positions were filled and more created. For, political reasons, personnel was often stuffed into offices already adequately staffed. 4) With the Anschlus, the PTT took over th sale of stamps, thereby adding a large number of new employees.

4.

Social Security for FTT Employees

Retirement and pensions affairs of all civil servants under the PTT were handled in the Ministry of Finance, Division 21. Other employees were cared for under the general social security program administered by the Ministry of Social Security. The final authority in sickness insurance matters for all employees was the Ministry of Social Security, Division 1. Civil servants belonged to one sickness insurance organization, the Krankenkasse fur Bundesangestelite, very generous in its provisions, while otter employees were cared for by general sickness insurance organisations- in this case, the Gebiotskrankenkassen.

'.4r

-7-w-

Chart No. 1 ADMINISTRATIVE

HI1ERARCHY
1938

OF THE AUSTRIAN PTT

j/See Charts Nos. 2 and 3 for subdivisions of Generaldirektion and Postal

and Telegraph Districts.

Chart Jo. 2 GZN RALDIRXKfION FOR AUSTRIAN~ PTT Generaldirektor (for Austrian PTT) Central ccounting Off ice Group III (Section chief) Div. Div.

Central Bookrkeeping Off ice Group I

(Section

chief)
Div. Div.

Group II (Generaldirektor acting as section chief) Div. JDiv. Div.

Div. 1
0 '1q

Div. 2

3
0 0
C+0

57
00V 001 +H

8
U
c$-

9
0

Div. 10

Div. 11

Div. 12
H0

'T
H .'

'1
0f

'Ti 0 0

C'

000 CH Ci-c

Ii

p
M

c'

m o0
1

gl+

0+

Id
0q

01

NP.

.4
0 0 p..

000 000 L

OH) .4
0 H

m
F'1 mp. 0 Hy 0 ems 0 N"~ 0, 0 0 0. 0 .0 H p1 0 H 0I O

:'r
03

'10

'1 0O

H)
H

H 0o H) H)
0

'1

0O

H 00 HJ a..M. 00

0 0 F0

0 a0 0
C'.

H 0 HO 0 C+

H)

C1
0

0 0 Ni

{3'

-9-

Chart No. 3 POSTAL AND T I.iPPH DISTRICTS 1938 IN AUSTRIA

Administrative

Area

Functions

Offices (yVewltun h rden sbe-

Postal

District

Vienna,

Nieder-

-Postal

administration

Vienna

osterreich and
Burgenland

-Bookkeeping

Telegraph District Vienna

Vienna,

Niederosterreich and Burgenland

-Telegraph and teleprone administration -Telegraph construction torial sections) -Telephone construction 2; (7 terri(5'terri-

torialsections:
hiederosterreich, -Cable construction

Vienna, 4;

Burgenland, 1).

-tohrpost (pneumatic mail) construc:ion

-bookkeeping

Postal and Telegraph District

Steiermark

-Postal, telegraph and telephone administration

Graz

-Telegraph construction (3 territorial sections: Graz, 2; Leoben, 1) -Telephone construction

-Bookkeeping

Postal

and tele-

Tirol and
Vorarlberg

-Postal,
administration

telegraph,

and telephone
(3 terri2;

graph District Innsbruck

-Telegraph, construction torial Feldkirch,

-Bookkeeping

sections: l)

Innsbruck,

Postal and Telegraph District Klagenfurt

Karnten

-Postal, telegraph, and telephone

administration -Telegraph construction (2 territorial sections: Klagenfurt, 1; Villach, 1) -Booskeeping

Postal Linz

and

Tele-

Oberostarreich and Salzburg

-Postal, telegraph, administration

and

telephone (3 terri1; Salzburg

graph District

-Telegraph construction torial sections: 1; Gmunden, -Telephone -Bookkeeping 1) construction Linz,

In Wiener-Neustadt

-10Table No. 1
-POSTAL

AND TaECOMMNICATIONS OFFICES IN AUSTRIA, 1935

Type of Office Post and telegraph offices with telephone service (Post- und Telegra henamter mit
Fernsprechdienst)

No. of
offices

2,57

Post and-telegraph offices without telephone service (Post- and Telegraphenamter ohne Fernsprechdienst) Post Offices witjhout telegraph end telephone service (Postamter ohne Telegraphen- uand Fernsprechd ienst Postal agency with telegraph and telephone service (Postablagen mit Telegraphen- und Fernsprechdienst
.189

26

68

Postal agency without telegraph ant telephone n service (Psalgnon Tlgahn Fernsprechdienst) Telegraph offices (telegraph service only) -9 (Telegraphenamter) Railway telegraph offices (Esnaneerpesainn Private. telegraph offices (Privattelegraphenstationen) Telephone off ces (telephone service only) (Frecamter) Contractual telephone offfices With telegraph service (Vertragliche Fernsprechamter muit

392

708 1 24

TLotal PTT offices in Austria

4~

Table No. 2. FINANCIAL STATENMNT, 1935 (closing cash account)

Expenditures 1. For personnel: a) in active service b) retired on pension or for widows and orphans receiving pensions SUBTOTAL 1 2. For a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

Schillings

(SA

Revenues 1. Fees 2. Transport of passengers and freight on post autobusses

e

Schillings

(S)

195,504,131.76

107,316,481.20
11. ooo0 .63 ,551.83 157,30

5,237,727.08

Sales

170,702.54
7,500,000.00 2,072,529.71 455,155.71

material and services: 16,3110,526.96 general management 709,098.12 power current, charge current, coal 5,590,063.04 materials for construction and operation 123,697.15 tools and implements 1,689,564.10 maintenance of furniture and office equipment 487,366.67 other maintenance for telegraph and telephone equipment maintenance of buildings, machines, and other 1,101,061.38 operating equipment 219,986.11 h) rolling stock of the post i) liability insurance (Haftpflichtversicherung) for 160,197.87 the bus service ) indemnity to the Federal Railway for the transport of a aill2,005 ,100.00 k) interest and amortization of the German advance 3,845,217.77 payment for the long-distance cable 1) interest andl amortization of the costs of 27 0055012 3 investmenis 1924-1934 SUBTOTAL 2 69,817,779.34 Minus contributions of interested persons 9251,978.39 Final SUBTOTAL 2 598,728.95 2k. Current investments 26,474.24 Minus contributions of interested persons 502,25 .71 Final SUBTOTAL 2k TOTALS (2 plus 21)
227,060,784.93

Indemnity from the Postal Savings Bank 5. Contributions for pensions 6. Refunds for advances on salaries

7. Diverse revenues
TOTAL BALANCE:
DEFICIT

2.162.678.82
213,402,925.62 1
6

s59.31

GRAID TOTAL
/

GRAND TOTAL

227,060,784.93

In 1935, it was worth 18,916 cents and was exchanged at a rate of 38 (s) equals 100 Gresohen (g). The Austrian Schilli to 2 RM in 1939, though the exchange rate of Reichamark to dollar was about 40 RN for 1 dollar.

'Table

No.

3.

Tabl No SERVANTS (BEAMTE AND BEA ITENIAWRTER) EMP~LOYED) BY THE AUSTRIAN PTT, 13 3.CIVIL

Functions of t personnel m&

Generaldirection central offices Postal and telegraph district

_____ ____Postal

nservicing
O

Idistrict
Graz F Innsbruck Klagenfurt
M

Telegraph

Linz M
F

Vienna M F

district Vienna M F

Totals
M

Group totals F

Percentage

Male Female M

MF

Higher administrative service dienet) Higher clerical service O (Hoherer technischer Dienst) Higher technical
service

37
31

27 -

20 16

-8 - 11

30 214-

64-

15

201 192 -

19 -

5 -86

3914

2.10

(Hoherer Fachdienst) Administrative service (Verwaltungsdienst)

Accounting.

37
150
2

8 31

25

20 25
o

7
21

36

.55

11

148

11

229

141

36 6
-

1 15
_

6 8611 107141

460 98
2
-

(Rechnungedienst) Intermediate clerical

service
' -

(Mittlerer techniecher Dienet) Technical service (Fachtechnischer Dienet) Construction and maintenance (III) (Ba nratun sdienst)__

71486

39.87

58 7

11

321 271 41-

270 13

166 1148 9

111

559

290

672 712

325 1073.
-

3353 26314 669 __ _ __

-142-

- -557

___

___________

~/In

addition to the civil servants there was a total of 11914 in temporary retirement -i.e. those who could be recalled into active service at any time. They could be advanced in position and salary during periods of retirement.

Table No. 3 (contd.)

Functions of Spersonnel

Generaldirection

Postal and telegraph district

_____Postal

&

central

Telegraph

servicing

offices
Garage and machine service (foremen)
(Gr e-ad

Grs M

Innsbruck [lagenfurt Linz MF 7F

-

district Vienna F M -25 F

district Vienna KM
-

Totals P 52
-

Group totals

Percentage

Male FemaleM

7M

F
-

Masehinemesedes)Long-distance telephone'service (Reiner Ferneprechvermittlungedienst) Construction and

D
-

- 7

58

63

maintenancell1
(Bau ad rhaltunsdienst II) Pneumatic post
service
II

19 -13

10

- 22

04

171

3-4

1.84

dienst

II)
-

Electrical engineering

36

51

(Elektromaschinendienst)

Table No.

3. (contd. )

as 'unctions -4personnel
-

of

Generaldirection servicing offices

Postal and telegraph district Graz InnsbrtickElagenfurt Linz

M 4

Psa

eerp Totals
M4

-district district Vienna Vienna 14

Group totals

Percentage

M Male FemaleK

14M 11

7
9

M47147

7
5)4

7 235

'n

~42 Secretarial service (Kanzleidienst) Specialized office, traffic, or material 10 depot service (Fachlicher Amts-, Verkehrs- and Zeugienst Construction and maintenance I
di enat I) Pneumatic post
.service

73

21

23

1)4

36 15

65 50

71

255

132

83

72

185

82

2)4

1388.

2183

11.62

36 -

21

15

)47~

--

171 -

290

13

13

dient I

TIable

No. 3. (contd4 )

! unctions of personnel
o-

General-

wservicing

direction & central

offices

Postal and telegraph district Gras

Innsbruick Kilagenfurt Linz

F M
-

Postal district Vienna F

--

Telegraph district Vienna M

-

Totals
M

Group totals

Percentage

Male Female M Building supervision (Gebaudeaufseher) Office, traffic, or material depot service ~(kAte -. Yekhr-nd Zeienst Jleaentary construction and maintenancelllI (Ninfacher Bau- und irhaltungsdienet III) Certified auxiliary services and skilled labor (Qualifizierter Hilfe'Elementary

.F
-

FM
-

F
-2

.F
-

59

.6o4 14

355

1 227,

so6

3 3262 14

70

53g 3

114

5902

30.90

12-

23

23

--

- 337-

1403

15

14

9-

10-

144

Handerker) construction and maintenancel II (Einfacher Bau- und irhaltungedienst II)

18 -

-10

78

--

-3273

1414143

table

No. 3. (contd.)

* unctions of o -~personnel

General-

direction & central

Postal and telegraph district

_____ ___

Postal

servicing offices

Gras

Innsbruck Klagenfturt Linz JLKJ

CJ

~Kale

Flemale M
6

IN.

M7 P

L ii
H
1)40

distric Vienna iP 23

Telegrai~ district

Vienna

Totals

Group totals

Percentage

K j2

Auxiliary services (Hilfsdienst) Office, traffic, and material depot auxiliary work (Amts-. Verkehrs- und Zeughilfsdienst Elementary construction and maintenance I (Ninfacher Bau- and Erhaltungsdienst I)

119

878

1328

1166

7.91

Elementary auxiliaryJt services .8

.Einfacher

9
1)40

36 5
11485 3

4
1

7 3917 337
136 129

44
838

7 55
390 385

440 14+1+5)4
5)435 33142 18777

3.11 100.00

Hilfedienst)

Total

1493

88s 600

339

7955

-17II. TELEPHONE

A. EXTENT AND DEVELOPMENT The Austrian telephone system compared favorably with that of other European countries in amount and distribution of equipment. Much of it, however, was rapidly becoming obsolete by the time of the Anschluss. Germany has probably made considerable improvements in recent years. The telephone system constituted by far the most important part of the telecommunications services in Austria, and in the general PTT organization it ranked second only to the combined postal services as a source of income. (See Section I-E.) 1. Line Austria's strategic position on the continent has enhanced the importance of its transit facilities for wire communications, and in particular telephone communications. The application of radio to telegraphy has increased somewhat the independence of telegraph facilities in those countries bordering on Austria, but radio-telephony has not yet proved a serious competitor of line-telephony on overland routes, and Austria will continue to provide te most convenient transit lines for telephone service, which remains today the most important means of communication. In 1925, realizing the future importance of Austrian cable lines, Germany sent a representative from the Reichspostministerium to Vienna to obtain a concession for building up Austria's long-distance cable network. It was, on the surface, a profitable business scheme only, but actually it was one of the first steps toward controlling the Austrian communications
system. Thus under German auspices a large-scale construction program was The existing open-wire lines, even if augmented to a conbegun in 1926. siderable extent, would have been inadequate to provide sufficient circuits for the national as well as international serviqc anticipated, and so the Since then, all new longfirst long-distance underground cable was laid. distance lines have gone under-ground and almos~ all existing long-distance lines have been converted to underground cable.;/ In 1936 the country had _/ There was no known overhead cable in Austria so that the terms "cable" and "underground" are synonymous. Open-wire lines are of necessity overhead lines. / Aside from its protective advantages, another reason for the laying of wunderground cable was the electrification of many federal railway lines which created considerable inductive interference.

-1-

kilometers were trunk lines and 1,693 kilometers were interurban lines (Table No, 4), Intra-urban or short-distance lines have gradually been going underground, In 1936 underground cable already formed approximately one-fourth also, short-distance telephone lines (9,741.1 length of existing of the total The federal state of (See Table No. 5.) out of 35,610.7 kilometers). cable than all the rest of Austria (7,732 out of 11,003 Vienna had more
3,271 kilometers of long-distance cable, of which 1,576

kilometers),

Locational information on all important long-distance lines is ked; The routes of some cables are known and on'Mep No, A-5374, Long-distance connections the routes of others are indicated as probable. probably parallel the railroad lines and other between the larger cities connections parallel the main roads, usually at a depth of about 70 centimeters.' Little information is available concerning the routing of openadjoeinig wire lines, but the main Junctions and the connections ith probably made by cable, countries were shown
Long-distance cable used a larger number of 4-wire than 2-wire circuits but interurban cable used only 2-wire circuits (Table No. 6). in Table No, 7; detailed description of International circuits are listed Iost telephone cables constructed after Austrian cables in Table No. 8. Carrier telephony was used on some 1930 contained telegraph lines also.

Interof the trunk lines, See Nomenclature des Circuits Tldphni , 1939, published by the International Telecomnunications Union natipno

in ernke

cable between Inich and Vienna was comA broadband (eitband). of 1940. Li~tle is known of the route except that in the .suer pleted it passes through Salzburg and Bruck a.d. Mur.
Repeater stations were located at distances ranging from 50 to 100 kilometers apart, usually in the main post office of the largest town within that stretch of cable line. 2. Station and a.

axchange

Distribution
At the end of December 1935 Austria had 272,139 telephones, an

average of 4.03 per hundred population (Table No, 9)11

By

1939 this number

Austria (1935).

This doesi not include the independent public telephones (Selbst4ndie

ioffentliche Sprechtellen) of which there were 709 in

These telephones were outside the local exchange areas and were nected directly with long-distance trunk lines.

con-

-19-

had increased to 289,308, an average of 4.1 per 100 population (see Table V in Appendix). Since that time both number and percentage have increased considerably. As in Germany, however, they are still far below those for the United States (16.56 telephones per 100 population in 1941). In 1935, over half the total number of telephones in the country (184,840, or an average of 9.86 per hundred population) were installed in the local exchange area of Vienna, whose boundaries coincide with the federal state of Vienna. Salzburg was the only other state averaging more than three telephones per hundred population. This low average number of telephonesper hundred population is partially accounted for by the fact that there were few exchanges of By 1936, Vienna had increased its number of any great size in Austria. telephones to 190,192; but Graz was the only other exchange with over In all of Austria there were only thirteen other ex10,000 telephones. changes of over 1,000 subscribers (Table No. 10). In 1935 there was a total of 1,807 local exchange areas in Austria. With the xception of Vienna, each local exchange area had only one main exchange,Ysand, depending on the size of the area, one or more branch exchanges (Table No. 9). As in all postal and telecommunications services, the city of Vienna with its tremendous volume of business involved more complicated and usually more technically advanced facilities. Thus, in order to meet the telephone traffic demand of the capital city, there were twenty-four main exchanges within Greater Vienna, all capable of making trunk connections. The trunk or central exchange office was located in Vienna I, Schillerplatz 4. Of the twenty-four exchanges two have a capacity of 20,000 lines; nineteen All of these of 10,000 lines; one of 3,000 lines and one of 500 lines. exchanges were automatized by 1938 except Atzegersdorf (the exchange of 500 lines). Automatization and approximate size of other exchanges are indicated in Tables Nos. 11 and 12. Austria's three cities of over 100,000 population--Vienna, Graz, and Linz--had completely automatic exchanges. Telephone exchanges in most of the other large cities were gradually being converted to automatization. In automatization of postal and telegraph districts, Vienna was far in advance of the others, being 72 per cent automatized. The other four districts in Austria together averaged less than 0.5 per cent automatized, Klagenfurt being the only one of over 0.6

I/

Exchanges which were connected with the trunk lines were the main exchanges of the exchange area, i.e., a trunk exchange and a main exchange were synonomous, except in the case of Vienna.

-.20entirely automtization. Innsbruack was still centralization of telephone networks in heavy to 24,1 per cent. b. Local Administration Because of the anual. the Vienna district,

however, the average automatization for all of Austria was brought up

The public telephone system was operated in two groups: 1) by local exchange areas (0rtsnete); and 2) by independent public telephones (Selbstandigesprechstellren) and trunk circuits (Fernleitungen). between trunk The trunk circuits serviced not only long-distance traffic exchanges but also connected independent public telephones and isolated private subscribers not linked up with a local exchange network. The local exchange areas were subdivided into five operating 1) one or more local exchanges (masin and branch-Hauptclassifications: 2) usually one long-distance trunk exchange suer); und Nebenvermittl 3 exchange connecting lines (Vermittlungleitungen); 4) sub(FernimT connecting lines (Anchlusslinien); and 5) subscribers' telephones scribersa (Teilnehmerstellen) (Tables Nos. 6 and 9). Subscribers' telephones fell into three categories: public, Of these private, and extension. Public telephones totalled 4,526 in 1935. 1,412 .hste en); 2,405 were public telephone stations (offentliche S were public coin boxes (ioffentliche Dinzfernsprecher,; and 709 were in(See dependent public telephones (Selbst.ndige offentliche prechstellen). There were no independent public telephones in the state of Table No, 9.) of the area 'consisted of a local exchange network. Vienna because al Private telephones were divided into individual lines (Einzelanwhich totaled 85,710; urban party lines (Gesellschaftanschliisse), schlsse), with 19,535 2-subscriber lines and 79,107 4.-subscriber lines; and rural party lines (Landanschliisse), totaling 268. This large proportion of party lines is explained by the fact that few individuals aside from the very wealthy could afford to own a private telephone. The urban party lines were peculiar to the Austrian telephone system and were. found only in networks of over 500 subscribers. The two or four subscribers on these lines could obtain group rates but were ensured privacy when telephoning. The rural party lines had anywhere fFrom two to eight subscribers who did not enjoy the advantages of privacy.

The third group-extension telephones-formed a total of

83,702 out of 272,139 telephones in Austria in 1935 (Table

No. 9).

-21B. OPERATION
1. Public Telephone S stem

In Austria the PTT performed services equivalent to those of private telephone companies in the United States. It provided the instrument and installed it for a fixed fee. The subscriber also paid the PTT a monthly rental charge for tht telephone, This sum was determined by a two-zone division of the local exchange area. The size of Zone I depended upon the number of subscribers as i icated below, distance being measured from the main exchange off ice:/ 1
2
3 ki.........

1,5
4km

km .

...... ......
o,

km .0600
........

5
6

km
km

.....
.........

under 50 subscribers 51-200 subscribers 201-500 subscribers 501-2000 subscribers 2,001-5,000 subscribers 5,00120,000 subscribers over 20,000 subscribers

For example,, if there were only fifty subscribers the boundary of Zone i was placed arbitrarily at a distance of one kilometer from the main exchange office, etc. Zone II included all subscribers outside of Zone I and inside the local exchange area. In 1935, 3,087 PTT offices in Austria offered public telephone services. Twenty-four were telephone offices handling telephone services only; 817 were contractual teleph .3. offices (private telephone offices which had contracts with the PTT to handle telephone and telegraph services) The other 2,246 offices. were postal and telegraph offices or postal agencies which offered telephone services in addition to their other functions, (See

Table No.

1.)

~/

There were twenty-four main exchanges in Vienna and therefore distance is measured from, the tower Qf the Cathedral (Stephansturm).

-22-

Hours of services of these offices are listed below: Time of Service Number- of PTT Offices with Telephone Services

1.

Uninterrupted day and night service (urunterbrochener Tag- and Nachtdienst) Part-night service (haber Nachtdienst)

75
4

2.

3,
4,

All-day service (voller Tagdienst)

Reduced day service-(be at Least 8 hours

134

rnkter .Tagdienst)

1,810

5.

Shortened day service- between 6 and 8

hours (gekiirzter Tagdienst) TOTAL PTT OFFICES

1,064 3,08

2.- Private Telephone System,

In addition to controlling public telephone communications, the

Austrian PTT also licensed private communications systems, though it usually did not handle their installations. Large business concerns or government offices which wanted internal telephone connections and/or more than one public exchange line, could buy or rent complete installations from a private manufacturing firm. However, they were still required to pay a monthly fee for each public exchange line. Most of the private installations were manufactured by Siemens and Halske; others by Czeija, Nissl & Co.

3.

Rates and Traffic

tong-distance rates in Austria were based on a division of the country into quadrangles of 14.84 kilometers on a side. Charges were then determined by eight zones as follows:
Zone Distance

1. 2.

10 km. 25 km.

3.
4. 5. 6.

50 km.
100 km.
200 km.

7.
8.

300 km. 400 km. over 400... ka.

-23Connections between any two points within Zones I and II were measured by real distance, but the charge between any zones over I and II were determined by the distance measured between the centers of the respective quadrangles irrespective of the particular points within those quadrangles. Because of the limited long-distance line, telephone calls were graded on a priority basis, rates being charged accordingly. Subscribers paid for the number of minutes the telephone was in use in local as well as long-distance calls. The categories of calls, arranged in order of priority, were as follows:

1.
2.

3e

4.
5.
6.

7.

Lightning calls - Blitzgesprche Urgent state calls - dringende Staatsgesprche Urgent PTT calls - dringende Dienstgespriche Urgent private calls - dringende Privatgesprichee Ordinary state calls - Staaatsgesprche Ordinary private calls - Privatgesprdche Ordinary PTT calls - Dienstgesprache

Not included in the above grading of calls was another categorycontracted calls (Monatsgesprdhe)- which consisted of calls paid by the the same time every PTT to be put through at month and contracted with the day. See Table No. 13 for long-distance traffic (interurban and trunk

calls) in C.

Austria, 1935.

SPECIAL SERVICES

systems rural In the development of automatic telephony two special Tal or the Landzentral and the to Austria were introduced: peculiar Valley systems. The Reichspost has, since the Anschluss, taken over and The Landzentral is a star network with three sizes extended both systems. of exchanges 'centering on the Zentral, which is an automatic switching Subcenter connected to the local automatic exchanges by trunk lines. scribers in any part of the network can make direct dial connections in a The single operation instead of going through the long-distance offices. plan also involves considerable reduction in length of routing necessary to handle traffic in more congested regions.

The Tal system is an unattended automatic exchange for party-lines to

be used in long valleys with only one telephone line for up to thirty subSupposedly, by the use of local rather than central batteries scribers.

-24the new system provided better reception and private ringing facilities than could be installed on ordinary Land or rural party-lines.
departments had their own telephone In Vienna, the polide and fire networks but all other such special services formed a part of the local telephone systems.

Table No. 14. LONG-DISTANCE (TRUNK AND INTERURBAN) TELEPHONE CABLE IN AUSTRIA (1936)
_________________ ________(in

kilometers)

Federal
state

of-cable

Type

Length of
Cable Wire

PTT circuits Length of wire in. Length of wire in existsn circuits Dhantom circuits 2-wire 4-wire 2-wire 4-wire 25,056.9 12, 933.3 10,6)45.6 33,068.7
-

Rented circuitel! Length of wire in Length of wire existing n aicis circuits n tom 2-wire 2-wire )4-wire 526.0 1,15)4.8 22)4.7
-

Vienna (Wien) Niederoiterreich. Trunk Burgenland )Interurb Oberosterreich Trunk

Interurb

392.5 329.6 313.6 192.9 614.5 352.8 175.14 113.3 1714.1 278.5

90,213.7 26,251.8 61,508.5 6,85)4.1 12,675.9 7,193.14 77,2148.6 6,13)4.9 22,61)4.6 11,119.9 55,558.3 18,188.5 12,768.6 5,117.7 91,860.3

6,0)41.8

3,887.1
-

1,1455.9

312616.1
-

5,682.3 2,286.8
9,858.2 15,981.7 3,160.5
2,859.14

29,332.6 3,377.14 12,729.8 9)49.8 -

456.1 33.7
126.7
-

Salzburg
Steiermark Ijirnten fo Vorarlberg Totals

run

6.,3)45..4 1,087.9
-

2,788.4
/

Ineubn2).
Trunk

1,330.2 4,362.9 23)4.9 581.5 1,107.7 1,832,5

23,082.4
-

8,644.6
-

Interurba
Trunk

598.0
-

31. 897.5 90.6

44

44.
I' ~J1

6,3)4)4.8
-

1,1495.14
--

Interurba
Trunk

6,932.2 9,028.9 89,652.3 2,303.14 5,711.14

39.7 556.9 37.5 66.14

1)49.14 1,972.0 1,3)41.7 3,313.7

17,89)4.0
-

Interurba
Trunk.

497.3 63.8
109.14 .693.0 5,271.0

1,002.6
480.2 11*6.5

3,714.14
-

66.5
-

614.3

471.7
-

3,646.14
-

769.0
-

Interurba
Trunk Interurb

98.3 1,1425.9

160.9' 919.3 160.9 1,080..2

,578.0 332,888.2

68,192.7 119,714.3 16,76)4.5 3)4,028.7 52,930.2 b 227.6 -

.339.6
1,765.5

Total long-distance cable j/Rented to EAAG

423,7418.5 121,122.9 119,7114.3 23,992.1 314,028.7

Federal state Vienna -(Wien)

LENGTH OF TELEPHONE LINE IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLUDING LONG-DISTANCE CABLE) in icilomneters) Exchange and subscribers' Rural line P~rivate line Privatferns rechline (Vermittl s- and (UberlandfernAchulet en a rechleit eng) leit3 e ._____ ine en e wire Cable Total wire Cable Total wire Cable Total wire
________________________

Table No, 5.

Totals Cable 7,732.0 1439.1 Total

1,6146.1

7,1480.3 260.14 8.2 2148.2

9,126.14 3,320.7 359.2 1,553.1

18.8 4,1014.0 1,273.0 2,299.2

100.14 55.2 1.2 11.3 0.6

119.2

146.7

151.3 123.5 0.14 29.5

198.0 1,1429.2 126.14 1147.5

1,711.6 8,1470.0 1,750.0 3,722.1

9,1443,6
8,909.1 1,759.8 14,011.1

Niederoiuterreich 3,060.3 Burgenland 0berosterreich Salzburg

Steiermarkc

4,159.21,305.7
1,2714.0 2,310.5 126.0 118.0

351.0 1,3014.9

9.8
289.0

6714.7
1,138.8

156.8
185.2

831.5 1,3214.0
626.5 1,222.9 392.2

7143.0 2,093.9
579.9 1,8814.6 431.7

7143.6 100.9 2,121.7

880.2

3.0 36.5
146.0 61.1 30.9

103.9 187.1
201.0 217.3 76.2

1,518.6 3,383.3
1,537.1 3,005.2 771.7

i6o.14 2149.5
170.6 1492.3 198.14

1,679.0 3,632.8 1,707.7 3,1497.5

970.1

27.8
0.3 172.7 70.0

150.6
155.0

Uarnten Tirol
Vorarlberg

502.2.

1214.3 258.5

964.14
2914.7

'2,057.3 156.2 501.7

97.5
8,819.14

45.3

Total

9,937.1

18,756.5

13,728.1

439.5 114,167.6 2,204.14

482.2

2,686.6

25,869.6

9,7141.1

35,610.7

Table No. 6. LENGTH OF TELEPHONE WIRE IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLUDING CIRCUITS IN LONG-DISTANCE3 CABLE)
(in kilometers) Exchange and subscribers'
___________i

Rural line

Private line leiten)

Total line

IBurgenland
Federal state
rejj

e___________o

Cal

Tota

reti~

Cable
960.3

-Wire

Cable

Total

re

Cable

Total

Vienna (Whien)

16,071.1 388,793.1
19,728.3

404,8614.2 38,039.3

355.3

1,315.6

814.0

2,1400.3

2,4814.3

16,510.14 392,153.7 408,6614.1

Nieder~sterreich

18,311.0

25,913.0 1,1473.7

27,386.7

2,327..4 2,120.9

4,1 .3 1 4

47,968.7 14,409.3

21,905.6

69,8714.3

901.3

418.7

1,320.0

3,3614.6

314.1

3,398.7

1143.14
480.1

0.8

1144.2

453.6

4,862.9

Oberdaterreich

7,361.8

23,327.6

30,689.14 19,6)45.8 50,14314.3 17,805.14

10,258,9

409.5

10,665.14 3,300.3 11,257.1

59.1

539.2 '18,100.8 3141.6 81414.5

23,796.2

141,897.0

Salzburg Steiermark'
Irnten

3,1497.7
7,521.8

16,1148,1 42,912.5

3,1714.2 11,053.2

126.1 203.9

306.0

35.6
80.8

6,9779
19,338.6

16,309.8 43,197.3

23,287.7
62,535.9

763.6 213.0 318.5

90.6 4,726.6

3,309,6 2,612.3
6,961.0

114,495.8 17,836.7
1,006,5

5,559.8 3,788.6
875.5 614,3143.1

3.5 337.9
1140.0 3,689.0

5,563.3
4,126.5
1,015.5 68,032.1

139.0 135.3
61.9

352.0

9,082.14

114,638.3

23,720.7

Tirol
Vorarlberg Total

20,1449.0 7,967.5
591,214.9

453.8
152.5

6,719.14
7,927.1

18,309.9
1,208.14 531,972.8

25,029.3
9,135.5 669,007.14

67,9614.9, 523,250.0

5,033.8 j9,760.14 137,0314.6

-28-

Table No . '7.

flNTERNATIONAL TELE~PHONE CIRCUITS flN AUSTRIA,

1938

Connections Vienna- Germany

Total Circuits 43

Of' which ilto Berlin

Vienna-Czechoslovakia

44

r12

to Prague

6 to Brno S9 to Bratislava

Vienna-Poland

9 23
.8

Vienna-Hungary Vienna-Jugoslavia Vienna-Italy

Vienna-Switzerland Vienna-France

18 to Budapest

15
17 4

Vienna-lEngland Vienna-Belgium Vienna-Holland Vienna-Rumania

2 1 2 3

INNIM

-29-

Table

No.

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF BURIED TEL PH0NE-CA3LES IN AUSTRIA ERNE list of International Telephone taken from the B Cables, 1937 D.M.= DIESELHORST MARTIN P = Pair Ref c. No. in Berne list 100 Type of Cable

(uadded Pairs)

No. of Quads

Diameter of Conductors in m.m. 0,9 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.5

Type of Loading

Remarks

Vienna-Passau DM 49

1 20 16 12 1.9

200/9.4-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000

Lead shielded

101 102

Vienna-Purkersdorf DM 19 Linz-Oberriet Linz-Salzburg DM 50

85/35-2640

7
_S

34
Salzburg Wbrgl DM 50 1

0.9 1.4 0.9 0.9 1,0

200/9.4-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000

Lead shielded

200/9.4-2000
190/70-2000. 200/70-2000 50/20-2000 200/9,4-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000 200/9.4-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000

8
1

1.5
1.0 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.4 0,9 0.9

Lead shielded

34
Wrgl-Innsbruck DM 50

7
8

Lead shielded

34
InnsbruckBludenz DM 50 1

7 8 34

Lead shielded

30

Table
Ref c. No. in Berne list 102 Type of Cable

No. 8 (cont'd -2)

No. of Quads

Diameter of Conductors in mn.m. 0.9

1.4

Type of Loading

Remarks

Bludenz-Oberriet DM 50

1
7

177/15/un-' loaded-1830

Lead shielded

177/6/3-1830
177/63-1830 40/20-1830

34
103 Salzburg-Bad Reichenhall DM 9 Melleck-Lofer
DM 3__

0.9 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.0
1.4

140/9.4-1640
140/56-1640 140/56-1640
_ _ _ _ _ _

8 3
1 12 4 3 p. 11 p.
12

Lead shielded

104 105

d5rg1-Innsbruck DM 17 Innsbruck-Zirl pair cable

Cable DM 12

50/20-1830 50/20-1830 non-loaded

106

-14

85-1830
85-1830
85/35-1830
______

107 108

Zirl-Silz
DM 10 10 1.4 85/35-1830
______

Silz-K.H. Magerbach 11 pair cable

1 p. 1 p. 1~ quad 2 quads 1 quad 1 p.

Cable DM'7 109 KH. Magerbach-, Landeck, Tir. 16 pair cable

3.0 2,0 1,5 2,0 1,0 1,0 1.4

85-1830 85-1830 85/35-1830

85/35-1830
85/35-1830 85-1830 85/35-1830

1 p. *1p. quad quads 6 p.

Cable DM 3

3,0 2.0 1.5 .1,8 1.5 1.4

85-1830
85-1830 85/35-1830 85/35-1830 85-1830 85/35-1830

I--

31

Table No. 8 (cont'd -3) Ref c. No. in Berne list 110 Type of Cable No. of Quads Diameter of Conductors in m~m. Type of Loading Remarks

Landeck, Tir.Bludenz 20 pair cable

1 p. 1 p. 1 quad 4 quads 4 quads

3.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 105

50-1830 50-1830 50/20-1830 50/20-1830 50/20-1830

111,

Bludenz-Feldkirch 20 pair cable

1 p. 1 p. 1 quad 4 quads 4 quads

3.0 2.0 2.0

1.8
1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

Cable DM 7 112 113 114 Linz-Wels DM 19 YWel.s-Gmunden DM 12 Gmunden-Bad Ischl 9 pair cable 9 pair cable
_____ __________

7
19 12

50-1830 50-1830 50/20-1830 50/20-1830 50/20-1830 50/20-1830 85/35-1830 85/35-1830

3 p.
6 p. 3 p.
6 p.

2.0 1.5 2.0

1.0

85-2000 85-2000 85-2000

85-2000
_____

115

Bad Ischl-S. Agatha 8 pair cable 9, pair cable

1 p. 7 p. 3 p. 6 p. 27

2.0 1.0 1.5 2,0 1.4

85-1830 85-1830

85-1830
85-1830 85/35-1830

116
_____DM

SalzburgBadgastein
27

-MEN=E

32

Table No. 8 (cont'd -4) Ref c. No. in

Berne

Type of Cable

No. of' Quads

Diameter of Conductors
in

Type of' Loading

Remarks

m.m.

11ist 117 BadgasteinVillach DM 19

W~5rgl-Lend

19 19 1 5 3

1.4 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.4

85/35-1830
85/35-1830

118

DM 19 119 120 121 7r6rg1-Kuf stein DM 6 Waorgl-Hopfgarten DM 3 S. Johann i. non-boade 150/1633

85/35-1830

T.-Kitzbiihel
DM 12 122 InnsbruckScharnitz
DM 49

12

1.4

85/35-1830

.1
20

8 20 123 124 Zirl-LMittenwald DM 7 InnsbruckB~rerinero DM 12

0.9 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.4

200/9.4-2000

Lead
shielded

190/70-2000
200/70-2000, 50/20-2000

85/35-1830

12

1.4

85/35-1830
50/20-1830

125

Feldkirch-

Bregenz
DM 17

0.9

16 1 20 10 18 12
_ _ _ _ _ _ _

1.5 ,0.9 1,4 0.9 0.9 1.2

_ _ _ _ _

50/20-1830 200/9.4;-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000 50/20-2000

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

126

Vienna-Breclav

DM 49

Lead shielded

127

Vienna-Wolkersdorf
DM 12

33-

Table No. 8 (cont'd -5) Refc. No. in Berne list

128

Type of Cable

No. of Quads -Conductors

Diameter of in mn.m.

Type of Loading

Remarks

Vienna-Halbturn DM 54

1 15 6 12 20

0.9 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9

200/9.4-2000
190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000 non-loaded

Lead shielded

129

Vienna-Bruck a.d.L.

DM 19
130 Vienna-Bruck a.d.M. DM! 83

19
1

1.4
0.9 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9

85/35-1800
200/9.4-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000 50/20-2000 30/12-1700 Lead

20 8 20

shielded

34
131 Vienna-Wiener Neudorf 19

1.2

44/20-2000

DM 39
132 Wiener NeudorfModling DM 19 Wiener NeudorfBaden b.W. SemmneringMUrzzuschlag DM 3

20 19
19

0.9 0.9
1.2

44/20-2000 44/20-2000
44/20-2000

133

.3

1.4

50/20-2000

134

Miirzzuschlag-

Bruck
DM 135

a.d.M.

145/020

7
1 20 0.9 1.4 0.9
0.9

Bruck a.d.M.Graz DM 49

8
20

200/9.4-2000 190/70-2000 200/70-2000

50/20-2000
______

Lead shielded

136

Graz-AWildon DM 49

1 20 20 8

0.9 1.4 0.9 0.9

200/9.4-2000 non-loaded non-loaded 200/70-2000

Lead shielded

34

Table No. 8 (cont'd -6) Ref c.

No. in, Berne

Type of Cable

No.

of

Diameter
of Conductors in In.m.

Type-of
Loading

Remarks

Quads

list
137 138
Wildon-Maribor -

Linz-Bruck a.d.M.

20

1.4

140/56-1700

Lead

DM 49

12
16
1

0'.9
0.9
0.9

140/56-1700
30/12-1700
140/12-1700
_____

shielded.

139

Bruck a~d.M.Leoben DMA 9

19
12

1.4

140/56-1700

140

Leoben-S.Michael
DM 12 S. MichaelJudenburg DM 7 Bruck a.d.M,Villach

1.4

140/56-1700

141

1.4

140/56-1700

142

7 8
1

D5034

1.4 0.9
0.9 0.9 1.4 0.9

140/56-1700

Lead
shielded

140/56-170030/12-1700 140/12-1700
177/63-2000

DM

49

so7
and 1 pr.

Lead
shielded for

16 26 1 p. 7

177/63-2000

0.9

1.3
0.9

44/25-2000 13-2000
140/56-1700

music

144

Villach-Arnold-

stein
DM 7 1,3 Villach-Klagenfurt DM 19

19

1.4

50/20-1830

146

Klagenfurt-S. Veidt a.d.G.' DM 12 S. Veidt a.d.G,Treibach

DM_7

12

1.4

50/20-1830

147
________

7
_ _ _ _

0.9
_ _ _

50/20-1830

-35Table No. 8. (cont'd 7) Refe. No. in Berne list, 148 Diame~ter of Conductors in ma~i.

No. of Type of Cable Selzthal-Stainach Irdning DM12 Stainach IrdningBad Aussee DM 7 Wien Schwa izau a. St. DM 25 and 2 pr. Schwarzau a. St.Gloggnitz DM 34 and 2 pr. Schwarzau a. Pitten DM 12 NeunkirchenTernitz DM 7 Wien-G.M.Blisamberg DM 30 and 6 pr.

Q,uads
12

Type of Loading

Remarks

1.4

40/56-1700

149

1.4

40/56-1700

150

25 2 p

1.4 1.4

50/20-1886 12-1886

-Metal shielded

151

34 2 p 12

1.4 1.4

50/20-1880 12-1880 50/20-1750

Metal shielded

152

;St.1.4'

153

1.4

50/20-1862

154

26 5 3 p. 3 p. 30

1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.4

50/20-1889 50/20-1889 200-945 13-945 50/20-1889

Metal shielded

155

G.M. BisambergStockerauDM 30 StockerauHollabrunn HollabrunnGvpfritz A.d.W. DM 12 K.H. Magerbach-

156 157

21 12

1.4 1.4

50/20-1891 50/20-1885

158

Otzthal
DM 7

1.4

85/35-1855

19

K.H. Rotholz-Jenbach 2 cables aDM 6

1 5

0.9 1.5

Table No. 9.
TELEPHONE FACILITIES IN AUSTRIA, 1935

Vienna Federal stateLocal exchange areas (Ortenets.) Main (Raiapt-) Branch Neben-) 1 16 1

Niederoster- Burgenreich I land 653 110 110

Ober~5uter- Saltreich Iburg 312 312

Steiermark 291 291 22

IorariKarnten Tirol 125 125

jTotal

Iberg
50
50 25 11 57

IAustria

106
106
_

156
156 10

1,907
1,522

653
99

14
2

145

9
195
4'

L... 2i.
2,405

11enT Sprechste Public telephones (Offentliche ________ Sprechstellen) Public coin boxes (Offentliche) 1,306 (Miinzfernsprecher3 Individual subscribers' telephones, including PTT telephones Individual lines(Einzelanschliisse) 41,690 Urban party lines (Gesell schaftsanschliisse) 17,212 of 2 subscribers of 14 subscribers 65,007 .Rural party lines(Landanschiisse) Total subscribers' telephones (except independent ublic telephones) 129.34L

286
502 12

331.5
353
12 5,006 713 2,697 1)46 11

136
356

91 .9L
186 10

115
-

147
9,1453 685
1,890

11

3 2,235
72

1,41285,710 19,535
79,107 268

12,925
308 1,875

1,129
-

3,112
225 1,766

3,694 3,1466
5 312 205 2,290

3
15,925 4,139

36
11,5)47 2,689

19

14
12,1435 2,235

27

37)4 8)4
2,555 8)46

1,244 20)4

5,279 1,262.

4,133
1,172

6,372

18,13
30,151

16,01i Government (Staatliche) Private (Pri3 35,9314 1,518 PTT (Dienetliche) 56,1493 T~otal Tota telephones 194~~ 8 981.50 Telephones per hundred population

2,67)4 40
6,853

179 1
35)4

2,690 192
5,571 1.93

1,525 9)4
2,8814 51b
-3.32

3,157

8)42

36
5,1461

53
2,067

1,560 1,157 51
2,765
_____

367
8 1,221

51,558 1,993
83,702

iii

~
05

I8~
1.76

---2j i
1.53

2.61

2.62

22,
14.03

Table No. NUMBER AND TYPE Off TELEPHONES IN Local exchaniges (Ortsnetze) Exchanges (Vermittlun sajnter) Main (Haup-) Branch -(Neben-) Number of lines for individual subscribers, public telephones, public coin telephones, and PTT telephones (Teilnehmerstellen, offentliche Sprechetellen, o5ffentliche, Mi ferns recher und Dienstsprechstellen Individual lines (Einzelanschliisse) Urban party lines (Geesiellchafteanschli Rural party

10.

L0CAL EXOHINGES WITH MORE THAT 500 SUB SCRIBERS IN AUSTRIA, 1936
Baden Modling 1 St. Pblten Wiener Neustadt Ilosternouburg Linz Waes Steyr 11

Vienna (Wien) 17 1

10

14

43,1436
89,390
132,826

519
-933
-

491
713
-

498
452
-

760
-

602
----

2,255 2,902 5,157 1,216 1,878 173 3,267 8,424

1431 391

269
14.411

lines (adansehliisee)-

Total

1,1452

1,204

950 313 316

,760 304 338 11

602
148

822 262 265

710 161 1144 2 307

tnsions (Nebenstellen) Government (staatliche) Private (jrivat) PTT (dienstliche)

15,318

1437
317

40,1485
1,563

206
1145

14
758

7 636 1,586

132
-

9 536 1,358

Total
I-

57,366 1190,192

3514

653 1,1413

180

Total telephones

2,210

1,555

782

1,017

Table No. 10.

NU)4BER

AND TYP:E OF TELEPHONES IN LOCAL EXCHANGES WITH MORE THAN 500 SUBSCRIBERS
-~

IN AUSTRIA, Innsbruck

1936

(Cont'd)
, -

Loca1 exchanges (Ortsnetze) Exchanges. (Vermittlun sitter) Main (HautBranch (Neben-) I1

Salzburg

Graz 1

Klagenfurt

Villach 1
-

Bregen z 1

Dornbirn 1

Feldkirch 1

1
-

11

1 6

s1 9

Nuimber of lines for individual subscribers, public telephones, public coin telephones, and. PTT telephones (Teilnebnierstellen, *ffentliche SDrechstellen, *dffentliche Miinzferns recher und Dienste rechetellen) Individual lines Einzelanschiisse Urb~i party lines (Gesellschaftsanschliisse)
Rural party lines (Landanschliisse)

1,312 2,213 3,525

4,9147 2,930
-

1,198

851
-,

3514
-

1,506 2,873
-

568
316 3 887

695
90
-

1479
514 33

Total Extensions (Nebenstellen) Government (staatliche) Private (priv at) PTT (dienstliche) Total Total telephones

7,777
1,120 2, 729 31 3,880 11,657

1,552 589

851

4,379 953
1, 3114

785
2240

566
168 83

661
1,191 71 1,923 5,1)8

636
52 1,277 2,829

1149 260
-

353
191 3

63
2,330 ,0

103 1

5
256 2

1409 1,6

5147
,34

31414
1,129

39.~-

Table ','o. 11. LARGE AUTOMATIC

T21EPHoNti.CHANG.ES
(Except Vienna)

INT AUSTRIA,

1939

Exchange (Listed
according to size)

Population of Exchange Areas 207 ,747 12R9,195 24,111 56,701 25,754 25,1,420 87 ,116

Approximate number of~ Subscribers .11, 270 6 ,950 2,295 2,000 1,340 720 640

Graz
Linz

Baden (near Vienna) Kiagenfurt

Villach 2:1
Vienna-Klostenburg Gmunden and Altrnii nster

L ;RGE L4Ai\TrJL TIELE1'HQN1 E

ICH

,NS I
80,722 77,170 53,007 44,339 39,344

AUJSTRIA,

1939 6,800 5,470 1,275 1,190 1,035

1,0.30

Innsbruck Salzburg

-J

Vienna-i.6dling St. Polten

Wiener
Bregenz

eustadt
.54,198

Leoben

.J

75,439

690
660

tDornbirn l17,572 Kremns (on the Danube) 27 ,917 91,565

-13,067

505 480. 475

Znaim
Feldkirch
V/

Figures on subscribers for

1.940.C

NiUIVIBER AND CA;PAOITYII

OF AUTOrIATIC

AND

MANUAL

EXCHANGES

In AUS3TRIA,

1939

Postal

and telegraph
Manual

Capacity

21/
Automa.tic exchanges

Total number

district exchanges

(number of* subscribers)

of automatic
and manual

exchanges_0d

Percentage of exchanges automatized

Inn sb-ruck
Graz Klagenfurt Linz Vienna I Vienna II Vienna I and II

209 283 101 259 31 52

262

268 1
2 2

326
119 307 51 1)48 508 508

327 121 309

0.3 1.7

o.6
8.9

5
509 51)4

56 657

77.5

65 19 13 9

199

Total for Austria 935 143167126

11 19 131

,219

50_9~i~z -

- -

519

1,739

2)4.1

~/The

actual capacity of an exchange 'is usually 40 per cent larger than its utilization which is indicated here by number of subscribers. ~/Local exchanges (Ortsnets'e) within the federal state of Vienna. In the telephone books from which these statistics were taken the term Ortmnet: was apparently used to mean main exchange offices as veil as local exchange areas. *In other tables and in the text the latter translation is used. ~]Local exchanges in the federal states of Burgenland and Niederdaterreich.

-41Table No. 1:3. TELEPHONE TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA (1 January - 31 December 1935) Type of Telephone Domestic Calls to Foreign Calls from Foreign Countries (minutes)

Call

Calls
(minutes)

Countries
(minutes)

Ordinary telephone calls ( ewbhnliche

Geprjche)

20,771,062

3,386,476

3,930,838

Urgent telephone calls (drp nde

Gesprche)

8,807
62 4,804 20,784,735

14,595

19,168
95 146,642 4,077,609

Lightning telephone
calls (Bltzesrche) Contracted telephone calls (Monatsgesprache) TOTAL TEL PHONE CALLS 34 85,510 3,486,615

~/Does not include local calls within the local exchange area
(Ortsnetze).

-42-.

III.

T. EGRAPH .AID MISCELLANEOUS WIRE SERVICES

ThFLGR APH
i.

Extent

and Development

in Austria have been declining steadily, Telegraph services branch of telecommuniprogress made in this technical great in the increased The decline has generally been reflected cations. use of the telephone, and more and more wires have been reassigned The development of cable for the telephone to telephone service. expansion if telegraph faciltties advantages for would provide similar despite were needed. of the telephone cable or formed a part Telegraph lines either Number and type of telegraph circuits in longwire. used overhead The distance (trunk and interurban).cable are given in Table No. 14. postal and telegraph district of Vienna had the largest number of trunk circuits but had no interurban circuits. There were about twice as However, phantom circuits in telegraphy many 2-wire as 4-wire circuits. were only of 2-wire construction. Length of local line and wire is given in Tables Nos.

lt

and 16.

own telegraph administration, ;,hich had their The railroads, (37 per telegraph facilities. owned a large percentage of the total The military, cent of telegraph lines, 44 per cent of telegraph wires.) own networks, but separate also 'dad their authorities and fire police, statistics are not available. Their equipment was similar to thet of the PTT. 2. Operation

The . ustrian PT'T had a total of 3,098 offices with public telehandling teleoffices -Of these, nine were tlegraph graph services. 189 were offices, and telegraph graph services only, 2,083 were postal with telegraph services, and 817 were telephone offices postal agencies (See Table No. 1.) under contract with the PTT for telegraph services. below: are listed Office hours of these services

-43-

Time of Service

Number of PTT
Offices with Telephone Services

1.

Uninterrupted day and night service (ununterbrochener Tag- und Nachtdienst)

26

2.

Part-night service

(halber Nachtdienst)
Tagdienst) at least 8 hours

1
148

3." All-day service

(voller

4.

Reduced

day service -

(beschrankter Tagdenst) 5. Shortened day service 8 hours between 6 and

1,828

(gekiirzter Tagdienst)

1,095 3,098

TOTAL PTT OFFICES

were open to the offices telegraph In addition, 708 railroad hours probably coincided with the indiviTheir office general public. schedule. dual station's served, number and type of telegraph Number of localities The and method of transmission are shown in Table No. 17. of Austria was located in Vienna I, Borseplatz telegraph office Tp of Service day and night service within for in rates existed among the types, which are listed

offices, central 3.

1.

Austria, below in, order of priority: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

There was no difference but some variation

Lightning telegrams (Blitz-Telegramme) Urgent telegrams (Dringende-Telegramme) Ordinary telegrams (Gewidhnliche-Telegramme) estellte-Telegrame) Deferred telegrams (Zuri c telegrams (Briefe-Telegramme) Letter to the above categories shipping, aeronautical,

rates there were special Teletelegrams. and press for graph traffic for the year 1935 is given in Table No. 18. In sending The PTT used a telegram any commercial code or cipher could be used. In 1936 the number and telegrams. the transmission of all Morse for In addition PTT, railroad, transmission of telegrams were type of machines used for (not including, railroad telegraph equipment): as follows

-44-

Morse Klapfer Hughes Baudot Siemens Total

2,598 361 219 14 1 3,193

Telegrams sent within. the city limits of Vienna were usually telephoned from one post office to the other instead of being transmitted by Morse. B. Tka1ETYPE

The recent development of teletype service constitutes the most important telegraphic advance. It also goes far toward explaining why the apparent drastic reduction in telegraph line does not necessarily mean an equal reduction in total service, since teletype makes greater

use of the same line than does Morse,

ment, By 1935 there ing connections: were 53 teletype

Hughes,

Baudot or Siemens equip-

machines in

Austria with the

follow-

Vienna-Berlin Vienna-Budapest Vienna-Belgrade Vienna-Zagreb Innsbruck-Munich Innsbruck-Kitzbiilel Innsbruck-Salzburg Salzburg-M4unich Apparently only the telegraph offices were connected by teletype and the individual had to relay his message to these offices as an ordinary telegram. Some business firms did have their bwn teletypewriters and direct connection with the network. In 1938 there was introduced into Vienna a new type of teletype the automatic dial exchange. Airports at Vienna, Salzburg and Innsbruck were connected with each other by this system. No further development of teletype was made before the Anschluss, Under German occupation Vienna (and probably the above airports) were linked with the automatic dial exchanges of Greater Germany C. FACSIMIL1

The only complete facsimile or telephotography installation S(Bildtelegraphnstation) in Austria was located in Vienna, There was

-45-

also a portable transmitter (tragbare Sender) sometimes used in conjunction with the above installation. Both were owned and operated by the PTT, and apparently used only for international traffic.

Direct connections existed from Vienna to Berlin, Hamburg, FrankLondon, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo,, furt aM., Cologne, Munich, Paris, Brussels, Rome, and Turin; indirect connections from Vienna to New York, San Francisco, Buenos Ares, and Bangkok. The number of telephotos 828,233 (Table transmitted and received in Austria in 1935 totaled
No. 18).

Table No. l14. L0NG-DISTANCE Federa2l state Type of cable Length of wire in existing PTT 'circuits 2-wire Vienna (Wien) Niederosterreich Burgenland Oberbsterreich Salzburg Steiermark Karntz) i Tirol Vorarlberg Trunk Interurban Trunk Interurban Trunk Interurban Trunk
Interurban
1

CABLE TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS IN AUSTRIA, 1936

(in kilometers) Length of wire in PTT phantom circuits (2-wire)
-

Length of rented circuits listing circuits (2-wire)

-

~J

-wire

Phan~tom circuits (2-wire)

2,092.1.
-89)4.8

1,31 .6
-

168.8
-

78.0
-

231.)4 126.7
-

180.0
-

8.
-

253.5
-

1,266.6 787.7
-

1,790.7
-

--

31.2 '-

Trunk Interurban Trunk Interurban Trunk Interurba Trunk Interurban

362.)4 239.7 581.4+

--

127.7 ,
-

1,512.7
-

132.9
-

3,022.6
-255.3

675.3
-

113.8
-

856.9 3,921.9 5,565.8

155.1

Totals

)+,257.9
-

2,865.9

132.9 78.0

526.9 113.8

Totals (Long-distance

plus interu'rban)
SRented to EAVAG

9,389.7

4,25709

2,865.9

210.9

610.7

Table No. 15. LENGTH OF TELEGBA~ LINE IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLuDING L0NG-DISTAJNCE CABLE)

(in kilometers) Federal state Open wire Vienna (Wien)

Niederosterreich

PTT Cables Total

Railroad administration wire

Private installations wire

Total wire

71.8 2,569.5
782.9 b714.8 131.2 1,1419.2 528.5 2415.5

283.5 7.1
0.8

355.3 2,576.6
783.7

250.0
2,1436.8 70.3

147.3
-

652.6 5,013.14
8514.0

Burgenland
Oberosterreich

60.8

735.6
1145.8 1,14141.3 538.9 266.0

169.7
81.8 289.2

0.5
0.1
--

905.8
227.7 1,730.5

Salzburg Steiermark
Karnten

114.6
22.1
10.14

11,4.6
566.1 80.14 14,058.9

-653.5

Tirol
Vorarlberg

20.5

-211.7

832.1

106.9
6,530.3

"214.14
1444.2

"131,3
6,9714.5

Total

147.9

11,081.3

Table No. 16. LENGTH 07 TELEGRAH VIRES IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLUDING THE CIRCUITS IN LONG-DISTANCE CABLE) (in kilometers) Federal. state Wire Vienna (Wien) Niederoisterreich Burgenland Oberosterreich Salzburg Steiermark K rnten
Tirol

PTT Cables 3,003.1 72.6 2.3 Total 3,1481.5 13,575.14 2,771.6 4,272.5

Railroad admiisitration, wire 1,1425.14 11,2814.3 583.2 4,188.3

Private installation. wire 591.2

Total. wire 5,798.14 214,559.7

478.7 19,502.8 2,769.3 3,578.9 889.7

-3,6514.8

693.6 401.5 275.9' 2143.9

56.1

55.9 25.5

8,516.7
1,957.5 13,132.14

1,291.2
7,0149.9 2,5143.2 5114.9

6140.8
6,8.

6,7714.0 2-,299.3
458.8

2,991.1 1,133.6
1145.7 28,7714.9

-5,5314.3 -1,6148.5 -336.5

972.6 65,1438.8

Vorarlberg
Total

132.2
30,883.1

58.6 4,807.6

190.8
35,691.3

Table No. 17. TZLUGRAH JACILITIRS-;IN AUSTRIA. 1935 Federal state No. of localities with telegraph facilities Number of PTT offices with

telegraph

facilities ToeRailroad telegraph phone offices offices Toatal tegraph offices

Telegrams transmitted by
Telegraph Telephone Both Total

Telegraph - Post & telegraph offices offices (Tel. r hen- (Post- imd Toeemter

Postal agencies (Postablagen) 'raphen-emter). Telegrams' tr emitted b Telegrams Telegraph Telephone transmitted by telephone 10)4 370
.30

(Perns rechA~mter

(Bsnbn

teler n stationen) 21 131 1,297 187

Vienna (Wien) Nie4erdsterreich Buirgenlanid 0be,?gsterreich Salsburg Steiermark [arnten Tirol Vorarlberg Total Austria.

1 12
-

1 1,075 139 409 169

:3
-

3
267

352 30

711
.109

71

391 241

198,
48"

82
189.

63 33 97 83
21 18

237 102 288

109 314 90

1 1 1

1741 70

20,
17

39 50
120

117
32 135

5410
-208 628

38
1441

1475 268
273

194.
116
58 28 1,144

3)4 8
28

157
215

28

1
1 1

66
.108 142

87
88 18

93 145
19 708

371 328
116 3,806

37
11 322

68
1,887

97
2,906

697

939

189.

817

~/Plus

one private telegraph office making 3,807 total offices with telegraph facilities.

-50-

Table No. 18.. TELEGRAPH TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA

(1 January
-

31. December
No. of Domestic Telegrams

1935)

Type of Telegram

No. of Telegrams to Foreign

Countries

No. of Telegrams from Foreign

Countries

Ordinary telegrams (Gewohnliche Tele_______

728,253

672,616

710,252

Lightning t ele grams (Blitz-Telegranme) Sea and air report telegrams (Flugsicherungs-,

3,588

6,490

5,043

Hyd ro-Te le grammne)

*eerme

31,768

1,158

5,047

Press telegrams (Presse1,496 6,954 4,761 Deferred Telegrams llte(uiike Te~gae)

Letter telegrams

16,974 35,558

18,651 51,418

(Brief-

Tegam)36,513 Railroad telegrams (Zug-Telegramme) PTT telegrams (DienatTlearm)128,612 Radio telegrams (Radjo-Telegramme) Facsimile telegrams (Bild-Telegrainme) -361 669

533 36,693 32,790 275

-58 930,899

TOTAL TELEGRAMS

j777,395 j

j6
828,233

-51IV. RADIO

Radio services were originally organized as a branch of the teleHowever, expenses proved graph administration of the Austrian PTT. so exorbitant that the government sold its radio interests to two jointstock enterprises: 1) RAVAG (Radio Verkehrs Aktiengesellschaft); and 2) Radio-Austria AG. In addition to these companies, the police had its own radio-telephone network. There were no amateur radio operators in pre-Anschluss Austria. A. RAVAG

The Austrian broadcasting corporation, RAVAG, was organized in OctoIt held a monopoly ber, 1924, as a mixed-ownership joint-stock company. of the broadcasting and domestic radio-telephony and radio-telegraphy services, and was permitted to establish radio transmitters and receiving stations to operate domestic service stations. The federal government was represented by the Generaldirektion which owned 50 per cent of the stock and by the Credit Institute for Public Utilities and Works (Government Bank) (Credit-Institut fur 6ffentliche The City of Unternehmungen und Arbeiten) which owned 20 per cent. Vienna held another 20 per cent of the stock. Private ownership was divided among the Bank of Styria (20 per cent) and three telephone manufacturing firms (Czeija, Nissl & Co., representing International Telephone and Telegraph; Kapsch & Sahne; and Leopolder & Sohn) who together owned the last 10 per cent,. Interests were represented in approximately the same percentage (public, 70 per cent, private 30 per cent) on the board of directors and the executive steering committee. The Generaldirektion exerted control by rental of telephone and teleAlso through the telegraph lines to RAVAG (see Tables Nos, 4 and 14.). graph section, the Generaldirektion was responsible for issuing special licenses to all persons engaged in production, distribution, ownership, and operation of radio facilities. This process of licensing went so far as to require a permit for an incomplete apparatus, even if such apparatus were not in actual use. The most lucrative licensing returns were derived from the monthly rental fees of the owners of radio receiving sets. More than half of the households in Austria had radio sets. These funds, paid in through the local post offices, supported the operating and program costs of the broadcasting stations. The following table shows the distribution of radio receiver sets in Austria, 1 April 1941:

-52-

Postel District

Radio Receiver
Sets

Sets per 100

Households 54.0 43.0 54.5 40.8 47.5 50.7

Vienna Graz Innsbruck Klagenfurt Linz TOTAL AUSTRIA

660,482 127,222 66,713 44,019 160,665 1,059,101

There are no statistics available for domestic radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy. In addition to these functions of broadcasting, radio-telephony and radio-telegraphy, RAVAG performed two special government services: 1) handling of weather reports for aeronautical use, and 2) transmission the government news' office end reception of press telegrams for (Amtliche Nachrightenstelle) in Vienna. See Map No. A-5374 for locational information on radio installations

in Austria. Complete details of installations may be found in MI 8 /A/44/40 "Report on Telecommunications in Austria." B. RADIO-AUSTRIA AG

Shortly after World War I, The Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of London received the concession to build up and operate Austria's

international radio-telegraph business, and in September 1922 founded

Radio-Austria AG with central offices in Vienna I, Renngasse 14. Like RAVAG it was organized as a mixed-ownership, joint-stock company but The rest shares. wes only 30 per cent of the total government equity of the shares were owned by Marconi; and as such, Radio-Austria AG was the only private monopoly within the Austrian government. All installations were centered in or near Vienna. In 1937 there

were six long and shortwave transmitter installations at Deutsch Altenburg and twenty-nine long and shortwave receiver installations at Radio-Austria AG had three non-European Laaerberg (see Map No. A-5374).

connections: New York, Beirut (Lebanon), and Cairo, and eighteen European
connections: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Belgrade, Berlin, Brussels, Bucharest, Copenhagen, Istanbul, London, Moscow, Oslo, Paris, Rigs, Rome, Sofia, Total traffic in'radio telegrams is Tirana, Vatican City, and Warsaw. given in Table No. 18.

~/

German postal district.

loom-

-53-

V.

POSTAL SERVICES

as the post offices The Austrian Post provided the same services and in addition certain special facilities of most other countries unknown in the United States. A. LETTER POST (Briefsendungen)

Letter post in Austria did not differ markedly from similar classes The usual services of letters,' postcards, regisof the American post. Small packages could tered letters, and business papers were included. The railroads had arrangebe sent by letter post to foreign countries.

ments with the PTT for the delivery of railroad station letters (Bahnhofbriefe) directly from the mail trains.

Shortly before the Anschluss a type of group mailing service (PostSamples and advertisements wurfsendungen) was introduced from Germany.

were addressed to certain population groups (e.g., housewives, voters,

bakers, etc.) and the distribution was left to the Post which prepared lists of such persons. After the Anschluss the small packet (Peckchen)service was extended Letter post traffic is given in Table No. 19. to~domestic mail. B. MONEY MAIL (Nacbnabme- und Postauftragssendungen)

The following classifications were administered under Letter Post but for the sake of clarification are grouped together as money mail.

Money

mail

traffic is given in Table 'No. 20.

1. C.O.D. (Nacbnabme)
C.O.D. was much the same as in the United States save that the amount collected could be remitted either to the sender directly, to The amount was Savings Bank, or to a banking institution. the Postal by a C.O.D. money order (Nacnamepstanweisung). transmitted 2.

Money Letters (Wertbriefe)

Money letters

resembled American insured letters, but the post on the outside of the assumed responsibility only for the amount stated envelope. 3. Postal Money Orders (Pw )eisp )

by mail or telegraph, money order could be sent either The postal money Postal money orders, and personal messages could be included in it.

-54-

letters, and government checks were delivered in all large communities by separate postmen (Geldbrieftrger) who paid out the cash to the addressee. 4. Government checks (?ostzahlungsanweisungen)

to pay to a stipulated These were order& to the post office person and were used for the payment of pensions, delivery of supplies, etc. 5. Bill collection (Postauftrag)

to requested the post office service the creditor In using this savings bank, the postal to the creditor, the debt and remit it collect Collection was made by one of two forms: the bank. or to a private

Postauftragbrief which might be used to remits ouchers, bonds, etc.,

money only being amounts to 500 S2i, and the Postauftra;karte for Under the bchsnost the Postauftragsbrief has been abolished. remitted. C. PARCEL POST (See Table No. 21)

postal types of parcel for recognized three Pre-Anschluss Austria kete); second, purposes: first, ordinary parcels (Leichtverschlusspa cumbersome parcels (Schwerverschlusspakete).; end third, sealed parcels The could be enclosed with each parcel. A letter (Sperrgutpakete). Germans abolished the distinction between ordinary parcels and sealed parcels, and insisted that jeweli"y, gold, etc. be sent by means of insured boxes (Kstchen). The Reichspost introduced into Austria a new category of parcel post called Postgut, whereby several parcels and sent at a reduced together could be tied going to the same locality went to the same addressee. they; all rate, and still further reduced if Also introduced by the German Post was a service providing for the prepayment of customs by the sender of dutiable objects.

D.

NEWSPAPERS

The pre-Anschluss Austrian Post offered a subscription and delivery service for foreign newspapers. It provided only delivery service for

After the Anschluss the Reichspost acted as agent for domestic papers. the collection of subscriptions as well as the delivery of all newspapers. Newspaper traffic for the year 1935 was as follows: No. of pieces handled Subscribers Domestic To foreign countries From foreign countries TOTAL 1 The Austrian 202,692,254 24,011,816 4,234,951 230,939,031 footnote toTable No. 2.

Schlling-see

-55-

E.

CHANGES UNDER. THE

RHEICESPOST

In general, expansion of postal business in Austria after the Anschluss was irregular. Money letters and money boxes increased tremendously in volume (259,000 pieces in 1936 to 939,000 in 1939). On the other hand, letter traffic decreased steadily and newspapers fell off sharply. Table No. 19. LETTER POST TRAFFIC rn AUSTRIA (1 Tanuary - 31 December 1935)

Domestic

To Foreign Countries 47,866,000

From Foreign Countries 30,033,000

Transit

Letters (Briefe) Postcards (Postkarten) Printed matter (Drucksachen) Samples (Wa2renpben) Business papers (Geschaftspapiere) Commercial mail paid for by annual fee arrangement Small packets (Pickchen)

205,611,000

418,000

95,193,000

23,773,000

16,023,000

133,000

243,991,000

28,152,000

15,436,000

91,000

5,463,000

3,059,000

2,152,000

17,000

6,538,000

1,481,000

'1,087,000

4,000

36,798,000

150.,000 1

227,000

1,000

U-nuft

-56-

Table No.

20.

MONEY MAIL TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA

(1 January - 31 December 1935) (Domestic traffic only) Number of Pieces C.O.D. letters (Eigechriebene Briefsendungen mit Nachnabme) C.O.D. insured letters (Wertbriefe mit Nacbnabme) C.O.D. packages (Pakete mit Nachnabme Postal collection letters *(Postauftragsbriefe) Postal ,collection cards (Postauftragskarten) 363,000
1,000

Value (Schillings)
4,006,000

135,000 41,733,000 3,621,000 3,460,000

1,755,000

63,000

421,000

Table No. 21. PARCEL POST TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA (1 January -.31 December 1935) Domestic Number of uninsured packages (Pakete 11,069,000 ohne Wertaugabe) Number of insured packages (Pakete mit We tauabe) Total number of pieces Total value of insurance (schillings 1/
3J See Table No.

To Foreign
Countries

From Foreign

Transit

Countries

654,000

724,000

436,000

985,000
12,054,000

103,000

46,000

46,000

757,000

770,000

482,000

64,655,000

.15,836,000

11,865,000

.iI

for value of ee ableNo.2,Austrian schilling.

-57-

VI. A. COLLECTION

POSTAL COLLECTION AND DELIVERY

Mail was collected at the post offices and at post boxes, located for the most part at street corners. Of the 17,575 mail boxes in 1935, 490 were installed on public conveyances (trains and boats) and the rest on street corners or in public buildings. The number of post boxes in the various postal districts is given below: Postal District Vienna Graz Innsbruck Klagenfurt Linz Number of Mail Boxes 8,072 2,941 1,712 1,324 8,072

Collections were less frequent on Sundays and legal holidays. Legal holidays included 1 and 6 January, Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Monday of Pentecost, Corpus Christi, 29 June, 15 August, 1 and 15 November, 25 and 26 December. In addition, each state had one or more patron saints whose days were legal holidays. The PTT had an efficient parcel collection service in Vienna, elsewhere the sender had to bring his parcel into the post office for mailing. The vehicles used were almost exclusively electrically powered trucks. B. DELIVERY 1. Postal Addressing Districts

After the Anschluss, in order to expedite the delivery of mail within Greater Germany, the Reichspost introduced a system of postal addressing districts. Austria was divided into two districts, 12a and 12b, which included the following areas: 12a Reichsgau Wien (Vienna) Niederdonau Steiermark (including Untersteiermark) Krnten (including Oberkrain and Unterkarnten) Oberdonau Salzburg Tirol-Vorarlberg

12b

Reichsgau

-58-

2.

Postal Delivery Zones

The area of a post office was divided into two and sometimes three zones. First was the Ortszustellbezirk (local zone) where money order and postal collection service forms were delivered on the same basis as mail; second, the Aussenbezirk (outlying zone) where money orders and similar papers were not delivered, and where special delivery required a special delivery fee; and finally (in some cases) an erweiterer Ortszustellbezirk (extended local zone) where no regular delivery was made, but mail accumulated until an amount sufficient for distribution has been reached. 3. Methods of Delivery

Letter service was very efficient, especially in Vienna. Most of the mail was delivered by mail carriers who walked or used bicycles. In rural areas the PTT often rented private buses for the delivery of mail. In more remote mountainous areas delivery was sometimes made by horsedrawn vehicles, and a few routes were covered by mule or boat. Statistics for 1939 on these types of transportation are given in Table No. 22. 4. requency of Delivery

Postal deliveries were made in Austrian cities as often as five times a day, depending on the volume of business. There was one delivery on Sundays and on most holidays. In rural areas less than half the mail carrier zones had a daily delivery, and winter deliveries were even less frequent. The frequency of delivery in rural mail carrier zones in 1935 is given below: Season Daily Number of Zones with Deliveries 3 to 5 per Less than None week 3 803 805 111 135 0 10

Summer Winter

834 798

Special delivery was confined to the daytime unless otherwise specified. Table No. 22. POSTAL DELIVERY TRANSPORTATION IN AUSTRIA (1 January - 31 December 1935) Type of Transportation .Length of route (in kilometers) 4,668 2,049 4,251 29 Km. travelled annually 3,961,672 1,058,920 3,275,135 5,530

By By By By

messenger horsedrawn vehicle or boat private car mule

-59-

VII.

POSTAL TRANSPORT

The Austria PTT depended upon railways, motor vehicles and air transport companies for the major part of postal transport. Only for certain local services and in districts which were not served by public facilities did the PTT provide its own means of transportation. A. RAIL TRANSPORT

The railway was the principal means of transportation used by the postal service. In 1935 there was a total of 580 civil servants employed in this service, with 115 closed mail vans (Bahnposten) which were accompanied by postal employees (Gesamtpostkurse). However, in periods of heavy traffic ordinary closed freight cars (Postbeiwagen) were used without accompanying personnel. Conductors on most trains were made responsible for small batches of letters in closed mail bags. The PTT paid indemnities to the railroads for these services. B. MOTOR TRANSPORT (Kraftpost)

Motor transport in Austria was used for both urban and rural connecIn urban areas motor vehicles carried mail between post offices tions. or between post offices and railway stations in the same city. This service was originally restricted to Vienna and had not developed to any great extent in other places. In rural areas the postal buses connected regions not reached by rail. They provided passenger and freight as well as mail transport services In 1937 the PTT owned 751 autobuses, 99 trailers, and 17 motor sledges. In 1935 there were 182 routes with a total length of 7,342 kilometers. This service was extended greatly after the Anschluss so that in 1939 the Reichspost ran 443 routes with a total length of (See Tables on postal trans15,661 km. and carried 17,866 passengers. port in Appendix.) These The PTT operated one repair shop in each postal district. shops were responsible to the central servicing office for postal vehicles in Vienna. (See section A-2.) C. AIR TRANSPORT

Because of the relatively small area of the country, Austria's domestic airmail traffic was unimportant. However, airmail tourist traffic and transport to and from foreign countries was more significant. All of these airmail routes converged on Vienna. The following lines were in operation before the Anschluss:

-60-

Vienna-Bratislava Vienna-Brno-Warsaw Vienna-Venice-Rome Vienna-Budapest Vienna-Grez-Klagenfurt-Venice Vienn-Graz-Zagreb-Zemun Vienna-Prague-Dresden-Berlin Vienna-Berlin Vienna-Budapest-Belgrade-Sofia-Slonika Vienna-Salzburg-Munich-Ziirich Vienna-Muich-Zurich Vienna-Salzburg-Innsbruck-Zirich Vienna-Prague-uiirnberg-Strasbourg-Paris Vienna-Budapest-Belgrade-Bucharest-Istanbul Vienna-Budapest
-

Vienna-Budeapest
Vienna-Cologne-London

Amsterdam-Vienna-Dutch Indies
D. P 14UMATIC POST

The only known public pneumatic post (Rohrp.ost) network in Austria It was installed at the end of the nineteenth was located in Vienna. It transmitted century and modernized several-times in later years. telegrams, letters, and postcards and was widely used by persons unable In 1939, there were 43 pneumatic stations from to afford a telephone. In addition to these there ahich messages could be sent and received. These were 650 mail boxes for the deposit of pre-stamped messages. boxes were distinguished by their red color and were emptied more fre;very post office in Vienna was quently than ordinary mail boxes. connected with the network. The main office and power station was located at the central telegraph office in Vienna, Borseplatz I. From this center the tubes radiated out in six lines. There vere four other power stations and a total of 80.1 kilometers of tubes (1939). Traffic sent by pneumatic post in Vienna in 1939 was as follows: Telecrams Letters and cards Special delivery 1,057,146 1,462,182 2,745,664

-61-

VIII. A. ADMINISTRATION 1. Pre-Anschluss

POSTAL BAIEKING SYSTEM

The Austrian Postal Savings Bank (Osterreichische Postsparkasse) was founded under the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1883 and survived It throughout each of the successor states with growing popularity. was organized as a banking institution for both savings and checking under the Minister of Finance, and like the Generaldirektion was indeIt had its own funds and was given pendent of the Ministry proper. separate legal status. Except for the central office in Vienna, it had no offices of its own but paid annual indemnities to the PTT for the use of its facilities. With the exception of three offices in Vienna, in 1935 all post and telegraph offices (of which there were 2,080), and all post offices (68) handled postal banking accounts. 2. Post-Anschluss

After the Anschluss the postal banking services were taken over Only the postal savings service of the pre-Anschluss by the Reichspost. Postsparkasse was left under the new Postsparkassenamt (Postal Savings The postal savings system, unknown in Germany until the Office). Anschluss, was at that time taken over and its services extended to the In the German administrative hierarchy the Postsparkassenamt whole Reich. ranked equally with a postal district headquarters (Postdirektion), and remained the one large-scale operation of the Reichspost which was completely centralized. The system continued to be administered independently in Headquarters were still and the property remained in a separate fund. Since the Nazis out there. Vienna and all central accounting was carried placed greater emphasis on postal savings, this system is probably more important in Greater Germany today than it was in pre-Anschluss Austria. The postal checking system, which constituted the most important part of postal banking in pre-Anschluss Austria (approximately 90 per cent), was separated from the banking services and merged with the German It was self-supporting but made postal checking service (Postcheckdienst). This service was administered by the Reichspost through cenno profits. tral accounting offices (Postcheckgmter) for groups of postal districts. The postal checking office in Vienna centralized all Austrian accounts. B. SERVICES

The postal banking system was organized to perform two functions, both designed primarily for those of small means: 1) that of a savings institution, and 2) that of a checking office for business firms who

-62-

Its usefulness and dealt with an extended clientele of this category. of persons in all popularity, however, soon attracted the patronage Another reason for its extensive use was the lack of economic groups. branch offices of the commercial banks in rural districts. 1. Savings Institutions a. Operation

Amounts Any individual might own a postal savings account. as small as 1.6 S-A (equal to 1 RM after theAnschluss) were accepted, The rate of interest was less than that paid and interest was paid. banks and was so established in order not to compete by ordinary savings with them. When the initial deposit was made, the depositor received a postal savings book (Postsparbuch), an identification card (Ausweiskarte), withdrawal cards (Rickzahlungskarten), and notification cards (Kindigungskarten). The books were in the form of stamp books or sheets. Filled No depositor could own books were turned in and credited to the account. more than one book, and his name and humber were kept secret as a safeguard against theft or abuse. Deposits were recorded on a deposit form (Einzahlungschein) filled out by the depositor, and the post office acknowledged the receipt by making the appropriate entry in the book. Postal savings cards (Postsparkarten) with special fee stamps were A depositor could transfer money accepted for deposit sums to 3 RM. from his own postal check account to his postal savings bank account, but transfer of funds between accounts other than that of husband and Withdrawals of sums up to 100 S (increased to wife was not permitted. 100 RM - post-Anschluss) could be made simply by filling out a withdrawal card while withdrawal of larger sums involved sending in the notification form from three days to three months in advance. The unique.advantage of this system, like the postal*ehecking was the fact that the owner of such an account could deposit and system, withdraw at any post office throughout Austria (throughout Greater GerIt served, therefore, as a circular letter many after the Anschluss). of credit or a traveller's check, but was even more convenient because of Interest accrued per day from the possibility of using smaller sums. the first or fifteenth day following the deposit and was paid to the very day of withdrawal. A postal savings account might be attached in case of bankruptcy by the same procedure which governed the attachments of other assets of bankrupts. The Austrian schilling. See footnote to Table No. 2 in Section I-E.

l/

..

-63-

b.

Types of Savings Accounts

The Austrian Savings Bank issued three types of depositors' books: 1) name-bearing books; 2) bearer-savings books; and 3) premium The first type, which could only be used by the person deposit books. named, was.the most common in pre-Anschluss Austria; the second type, which could be used by anyone (provided that person could identify himself properly), was uses throughout Germany and Austria after the The third type had a slightly lower rate of interest, but Anschluss. included the chance of winning a premium in an annual lottery if no Both this and withdrawal had been made by the depositor during the year. type of savings accounts were abolished shortly after the the first Anschluss. 2. Postal Checking

The checking service, which in pre-Anschluss Austria constituted about 90 per cent of the business in the postal banking system, funcThe tioned very much like checking-account service in ordinary banks. was that payments by money orders could be made important difference directly into these checking accounts. Business firms found the system especially convenient and attached to their bills such money order blanks The postal checking system with the numbers of their checking accounts. that of allowing had the same advantage as the postal savings system the owner to transact business through any local post office. The postal check consisted of three parts: the check proper, the right-hand stub, and the left-hand stub. - hen the check was presented. by the payee at the post office, the check proper was retained by the bank and filed; the right-hand stub was sent to the owner with a statement of the transaction (receipt); the left-hand stub was retained by the Checks were required to be cashed within twelve days of issue. payee.

Ilr~"Plss~e~ar~g~-

-64-

XII.

APPNIX
Table I

POSTAL AD NISTRATION IN AUSTRIA

(31 March 1939)

Postal Inns-

DistrictArea

Graz, 17,387
1,122,947

Kiagen- fuit' Linz Vienna

bruck
20,259

Total Austria

(Sq.
-11,554

Km.) Population Pop. per

Sq. Km

14,221

24,936 3,796,284

-88,357 7,O93,745

717,398,
35

436,298

1,020,818
72

65,

38 262

150

Postal Offices

Al504
140

499

490

1,110

2,865

Telec onununicat ions

Offices Total Rejehspost 508 128 , 644 1,007 390
528

38

312

1,126

Offices

1,422

3,991

AlThese

figures include some offices, of. both the postal and telecommiunications servic s,-%where: any office serves in both categories. The figures for telcecommunications services include offices in that category alone.

-65Table .II POSr OFFICE~S Postal District Area in

sq.

IN AUSTRIA
______

(31 March 1939)

Graz

Innsbruck

Kiagen-

Total
Linz
14 ,221

furt

Vienna
24, 936

Austria
88 ,357

ka.

17,387
1,122,947

20,259
717,398

11,554
436,298

Population Popu1at ion per sq.lon.

'Post

1,020,818

3,796,284

7,093,745

65 146

35

38 64

72 136

150 376

80 857

Off~ices
135

(Postamter) Branch post offices st (Zwe -amter,

Postal

15 5

5 2

12

33

67

agen(Post

cies

agentuwren) Rural post offices (Poststellen) Mailing offices (Post= hilfste~llen)

229

21.2

1461

273

511

1.,371

114

147

50

69

176

556

13

13

Railwvay post
offices

(Baihnpostgbiter)
offices

0)

Total post1

504

499

262

490

1,109

2,864

-66-

Table III.

REICHSPOST
Postal District Higher Civil Servants (Beamte)

EILOYE rS IN~ AUSTRIA (31 March 1939)_____

Inn,~Graz bruckc

Kiagenf'urt

Linz

Vienna

Total Austria

Oualif ied

and Provisional: Men Women Part-time Civil Servants (Beamte in Nebenamt) Personnel
other

1,728 313

1,752 293

716 144

1,706 231

10,726 2,343

16,628 3,324

343

359

196

342

687

1,927

than
2,684 5,068 2,804 5,208 1,353 2,409 2,592 11,448 25,204 20,881 42,760

Beamte Total Personnel

4,9871

-67-

Table

IV STATISTICS
IN AUSTRIA

TELEPHNEI

AND TELEGRAPH LIN'E

(in kilometers) (31 March 1939) Postal District Interurban telephone and telegraph line (Fernsprech- u1. Telegraphenlinien von Ort zu Ort) Interurban teleInnsbruck Kiagenfurt Total Austria

Graz

Linz.

Vienna

3,825

3,495

2,524

3,748

8,491

22,083

phone

wire

(Fe rnsprec hleitungen von Ort zu Ort) Telephone wire (Fernspredhorts-

81,369

95,557

4,754

28,450

49,875

260,005

leitungen)
Telegraph wire (Taelegraphenleitungen)

56,630

11,522

9,231.

34,687

55,079

167,149

9,321.

14,960

1,625

3,790

14,573

441,269

Vi-

-68-

Table V TELEPHONE~ STATIONS IN AUSTRIA (31 March 1939)

Postal
District Subscribers' telephones (maptnschltisse) Of~ vhich automatic Te lephone

IInnsGraz bruck 8,556 16,995

Kiagenfurt

Total
Linz Vienna Austria

5,316

14,343

138:,712

183,922

7,662

15,579

4,539

13,056

121,038

161,874

extensions
(Nebenanschijisse)
Public

4,324

12,092

3,225

8,707

72,200

100,548.

tele600 521 437 447 2,833 = 4,838

phones (iOffentliche Sprechstellen) Total telephones

13,480

29,608

8,978

23,497

213,745

289,308

Telephones

per 100 population

1.20

4.13

2.06

2.30

5.63

4.09

-69-

Table VI TUPH0hE A 'D TELEGRAPH 0FFICES (31 March 1939). Postal l AUSTRIA

District Telepnhon%,
'(Fernsprech-

Graz

Inns_bruck

Kiagen-

Total

furt

Linz

Vienna

Austria

amter)
Telegraph offices
(Ta legraphenamter)

.2

1'

.1

.1

Communal pup3,ic telephones .fJ (Game indlicha 6ff entliche Sprechstellen) Postal offices with telephone facilities

139

506

tl127

36

308

1,116

415

381

241

429

962

2,428

Postal offices
rith telegraph

facilities
Total offices Telegraph construction offices (Talegraphenbauamter)

380 935

381 1,'270

117 486

402

977 2,251

2,257 5,811

869

~/The telegraph offices (Telegraphenamter) have both telegraph and telephone facilities, but the telephone. offices (Fernsprechamter) handle only telephone services.

~/Villages (communes)

which have only one telephone located in a central office for the use of the entire community.

MEW-0

we -

-70-

Table VII
TOTAL~ LONTG-DI6TAN C TEL ZPHiOJT TFAFFIC INJ rMUTRIA (1 April 1936 - 31 :M.arch 1939)

Postal District
____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ____ ___ __

Long-Distance Calls in nillions) 1.6

Graz Innsbruck Kiagenfurt

Linz

1.2
0.9

12 2
*

Vienna Total Austria

5.8 11.7

Table VIII TLGRAPH TFRAFFIC IN AUS~TRIA (l April 1938 - 31 ;K:arch 19379) Postal Listrict Telegrams Inns-

Graz 299.3

bruck

Klagen furt 170.8.

Total

Linz 377.7

Vienna
1,955.6

Austria
3,123.9

(thousands) Of which thousands: to foreign countries from foreign countries Registered code addresses (hurzanschriften)

320.5

20.1 19.7

22.0 23.6

17.0 14.8

45.1
47.1

445.0

549.2 621.7

516.5.

206

251

45

141

2,222

2,865

r".5..

" ^?. ' .:

ra .

.'

'9'k _ "LiT' fE1 - ';"gd,0{Y .l

'. c2+

-71-

Table IX POSTAL TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA (1 April 1938 through 31 March 1939) Postal District Brief send ungen (millions) Pieces per inhabitant Paketsendungen
(thousands)

Graz

Innsbruck

Klagenfurt

Linz

Vienna

Total Austria

70.2

90.9 127

30.5 70

68.3 67

351l.4 93

611.3 86

63

2,058

1,468

739.

2,007

9,142

.15,414

Insured packages (Wertakete) (thousands) Insured letters (Wertbriefsendungen) (thousands) C.0.D. mail (Nachnahmesendungen) (thousands) Newspapers (Ze itungsnuxnmernsti icke ) (iti1ions)

53

22

12

39

178

304

72

58

36

112

357

635

669

473

326

606

1,286

3,360

10.2

11.0

0.2

37.0

97.9

156.3

1,

'1

-72-

Table X POSTAL. BUS TRANSPORT IN AUSTRIA (1 April 1938 - 31 March 1939) Postal District Number of repair shops K~raftpost lines Number Total length (km.)
Total

Graz

Innsbruck

Kiagenfurt

Linz

Vienna
1
159 5,739

Total, Austria

1
91 3,023

55 2,184

32 1,389

106 3,326

443 15,661

number
1,452 3,269 1,747 2,278 9,120

of passengers carried (thousands)

179566

Table XI
POSTrAL

SAVINGS IN AUSTRIA
Value of deposits
___ ___(in

Year
____ _

No. of depositors
__ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___

million

RaM)

1938 1941 1943

300,000 4,300,000 11,000.,000

-

100 1,000 5,000

-73-

Table XII POSTAL CEECKING IN AUSTRIA (1 April 1938 through 31 March 1939) Postal District Number of postal checking depositors Graz Innsbruck Klagenfurt Linz Vienna Total Austria

9,874

6,944

3,638

11,151

9,909

41,516

Postal money orders and checks Payments into system 5,615 Number (thousands) Value (millions 305 RM) Payments out of system Number (thousands) Value (millions Ri )

3,376 200

2,687 124 -

6,038 318

25,698 1,543

43,414 2,490

2,480 259

1,752 157

1,093 101

2,325 251

9,700 905

17,350 1,673

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1944 15 SEPTEMBER