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Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
TUN 1

Tit: 1

N TP U NM

Bi dy:

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Gip hc sinh h thng li cc kin thc ho hc c bn hc THCS c lin quan trc tip n chng trnh
lp 10 nh: Nguyn t, ho tr v cch lp cng thc ho hc, Cc loi hp cht v c
2. K nng :
- Rn luyn k nng tnh theo cng thc v phng trnh phn ng, t khi ca cht kh .
- Rn luyn k nng gii ton bng cch p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng.
3. Thi :
To c s gy hng th hc tp mn Ho Hc.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng cu hi ,bi tp v bng ph:
S phn bit cc khi nim:
Nguye
n
t

Nguye
n
to

Cu
ng
loa

n
cha
t

Kha
c
loai

Hp
cha
t

Cu
ng
loa
i
Pha
n
t
Kha
c
loai

Nguye
n
cha
t
Ho
n
hp

2. Hc sinh : n li cc kin thc hc THCS.


III. HOT NG DY HC:
1. n nh tnh hnh lp: (1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh.
2. Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
Gii thiu bi: hc tt kin thc ho hc lp 10, chng ta cn nm vng nhng kin thc c bn ca
chng trnh ho hc THCS.
Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
15
Hot ng 1:
I. Nhng kin thc cn nm
-GV yu cu HS nhc li khi nim HS: Nguyn t l ht v
vng
v nguyn t; nguyn t ho hc ? cng nh v trung ho v
1. Nguyn t :
p (+)
- GV hng dn HS lp s cc
Ht nhn
in. Nguyn t gm ht
khi nim
n (0)
nhn mang in tch dng Nguyn t
- GV hng dn HS lp s cu
V : e (-)
v v to bi mt hay
to nguyn t.
- S p = s e
nhiu electron mang in
- GV b sung : V nguyn t trung m
- Lp 1 ti a 2e
ho in nn ta c:
- Lp 2 _ 8e; lp 3 _ 18e
S p = s e
HS: tho lun v tr li
BT1: Na c nguyn t khi 23,
* m nguyn t = m 3 loi ht m p + m n
a. 11e; 12n
. (V m e = 1/1836 m p)
ht nhn c 11p.
b. 3 lp; 2e; 1e
2. Nguyn t ho hc:
a. Tm tng s cc ht cn li.
L tp hp nhng nguyn t c
b. S lp e, s e lp trong cng, s
cng s ht p trong ht nhn.
e lp ngoi cng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 1

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


10

Hot ng 2:
GV: T cng thc chung:
Axa B yb hy nhc li quy tc ho
tr ?
GV ly v d cho HS thc hin

10

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

GV: Nhc li phng php lp


cng thc ho hc.
GV cho bit ho tr ca mt s
nguyn t v nhm nguyn t, yu
cu HS lp cc cng thc ho hc
tng ng?
Hot ng 3:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc loi
hp cht v c ?
- GV hng dn HS lp s phn
loi hp cht v c.

HS: a.x = b.y


HS:
- Ho tr ca cacbon : IV,
II, IV
- Ho tr ca st: II, III.
HS: Tip thu v p dng
lm bi tp

HS: Hp cht v c gm
cc loi: Oxit, axit, baz,
mui.
HS: T phn loi v ly v
d.
HS: Ln lt nhc li tnh
cht ca kim loi, phi kim

- OA
Oxit

Hp cha
t
voc

Axit
Baz
Muo
i

- OB
- OTT
- OLT

HS: Tr li

- Baz tan
- Baz kho
ng tan
- Muo
i axit
- Muo
i trung tnh

HS: Ln bng hon thnh.

2. Ho tr v cch lp cng thc


ho hc.
a. Quy tc ho tr:
Axa B yb : a.x = b.y
V d: Xc nh ho tr ca cc
nguyn t
a. Cacbon trong cc hp cht :
CH4, CO, CO2
b. St trong cc hp cht : FeO,
Fe2O3
b. Lp cng thc ho hc:
V d:
Ba(II), Mg(II), Fe(III), K(I)
O(II), OH(I), SO4(II), PO4(III)
Lp cng thc ho hc :
BaO, Ba(OH)2, BaSO4, Ba3(PO4)2

3.S phn loi cc loi hp cht


v c
Hp cht v c gm 4 loi:
+ Oxit : CaO, Fe2O3 (oxit baz)
CO2, SO2 (oxit axit); ZnO, Al2O3
(oxit lng tnh); CO, NO (oxit
trung tnh)
+ Axit : HCl, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4
+ Baz : NaOH, KOH (tan),
Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)3 (khng tan)
+ Mui: NaHCO3, NaHSO4
( mui axit) ; Na2SO4, Na2CO3

HS: Tr li
GV cho HS phn loi tng HCVC
HS: Ch vn dng
v ly v d minh ho?
5
lm bi tp
Hot ng 4:
4. Bng tun hon
Th no l nguyn t, chu k,
- nguyn t
nhm ?
- Chu k
3
Hot ng 5: Cng c
- Nhm
GV lu HS: iu kin kim loi
phn ng c vi axit thng
4. Dn d: (1)
-Bi tp v nh:
Gii cc bi tp tnh C%, CM, khi lng ring ca dung dch, t khi .
-Chun b bi: n li cc cng thc tnh
IV. RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 2

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Tit: 2
Bi dy:

N TP U NM

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
n tp li cc khi nim c bn v dung dch v cc cng thc tnh , nng C%, nng mol CM, khi
lng ring ca dung dch, hiu sut phn ng
2. K nng :
- Rn luyn k nng tnh theo phng trnh phn ng m lp 8, 9 cc em lm quen.
- Rn luyn k nng tnh C%, CM.
3. Thi :
- To c s cho HS yu thch mn hc
- Rn luyn thi khoa hc, nghim tc.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
H thng cu hi v bi tp
2. Hc sinh:
n tp li cc ni dung m GV nhc nh tit trc
III. HOT NG DY HC:
1.n nh tnh hnh lp: (1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh.
2.Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3.Ging bi mi:
Gii thiu bi:Dung dch l mt phn kin thc quan trng ca chng trnh nn chng ta cn n li mt
s khi nim v cc cng thc tnh c bn.
Tin trnh bi dy:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 3

TG
15

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Hot ng 1:
HS: Dung dch l hn hp
GV: Yu cu HS nu nh
ng nht gia dung mi v
Trng
THPT
Phan
Bi
Chu
ngha v dung dch ?
cht tan.
GV: tm tt:
4.Dn d:(1) Cht tan
Dung dch
Dung mi
m
=
m
+
mdm
dd
ct

GV: Cho HS nhc li cc


HS: Tr li
cng thc tnh nng
dung dch v suy ra cc i
lng tng ng
GV: Hng dn HS thit
HS: Ghi cc cng thc vo
lp cng thc lin h gia
v
C% v CM .

n Ni dung
V (l )
4.Dung dch:

Gio n 10
Ban
Cht
tan c bn
1. Dung dch
Dung moi
m dd = mct + mdm

a) Nng phn trm C%:


mct
C% = mdd .100(%)
m .C %
m ct = dd
100

mdd = mct .100


C%
mdd = mdm + mct
b) Nng mol CM
n = CM .V(l)
CM =

GV: Yu cu HS a ra cc HS: a ra cc cng thc


mi quan h:
tnh
m M
M n
n V
n A
GV tm tt theo s

n
V

V(l) =

n
CM

Mi quan h gia C% v CM
CM =

C %. D.10
m
;D=
M
V

6. Mi lin h gia khi lng, th tch


v lng cht
m
n =m/M

V =22,4xn

n =V/22,4

m =nxM
n
n =A/N

A =n/N
A

25

GV : - Th no l t khi ?
Vit cng thc tnh t
khi ?
- T khi ca kh A so
vi kh B cho bit iu g ?

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

m=n.M
* N: s Avogadro, N 6,023.1023 ht
nguyn t hoc ht phn t.
HS: t khi ca kh A so vi 7. T khi ca cht kh :
*
kh B cho bit kh A nng
i lng mol cu
a kh A
hay nh hn kh B bao nhiu
M A M A :Kho
d
=

A
/
B
ln
MB MB :Kho
i lng mol cu
a kh B
M
* dA/ KK = A
Trang 4
29
* 29g l khi lng ca 1mol khng kh
(0.8mol N2 n
v 0.2mol
0,2 O2)
8.
nh
lut
bo
ton khi lng
0,8

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Yu cu HS n li mt s kin thc trng tm c bn THCS chun b cho chng trnh lp 10


- Chun b bi: Thnh phn ca nguyn t.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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Ngy son: 22/8/2010


Tit: 3

TUN 2

Chng 1: NGUYN T
Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 5

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c :
- Nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch dng v v electron ca nguyn t mang in tch m; kch
thc, khi lng ca nguyn t .
- Ht nhn gm cc ht prton v ntron .
- K hiu, khi lng v in tch ca eletron, prton, ntron.
2. K nng:
- So snh khi lng ca electron vi prton, ntron.
- so snh kch thc ca electron vi prton, ntron.
3. Thi :
Tp pht hin v gii quyt vn qua cc th nghim kho st v cu trc nguyn t.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin: Tranh v phng to m phng cc th nghim : s tm ra electron, khm ph ra ht nhn
nguyn t (nu c).
2. Hc sinh: Tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : Kim tra s slp .
2. Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi.
- Gii thiu bi: Ho Hc lp 8 cc em bit khi nim nguyn t, hy nhc li khi nim nguyn t l g?
Nguyn t c to t nhng ht no ?
Nh vy chng ta bit khi nim nguyn t l g? Nhng nguyn t c kch thc, khi lng v thnh phn
cu to nh th no? Kch thc, khi lng v in tch ca cc ht to nn nguyn t l bao nhiu? Bi hc
hm nay s gii p c cu hi .
Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
10

Hot ng ca gio vin


Hot ng 1: Thnh phn cu
to ca nguyn t.
GV da vo s : Nguyn t
gm.
+ Ht nhn (p ,n)
+ V nguyn t : e
Vy ai l ngi pht hin ra cc
loi ht ? N c khi lng l
bao nhiu ? Chng ta ln lt
nghin cu tng loi ht trn.
GV: S dng tranh v phng to
hnh 1.3 m t th nghim
Thomson v t cu hi:
- Mng hunh quang trong ng
pht ra nh sng chng t iu
g?
GV: Ngi ta gi chm tia l
nhng tia m cc.

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Ni dung

I. Thnh phn cu to ca nguyn


t.

HS: Phi c chm tia


khng nhn thy c pht
ra t cc m p vo
thnh ng.

Trang 6

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

GV: Trn ng i ca tia m


cc nu ta t mt chong chng
nh thy chong chng quay
chng t iu g?
GV: -Khi khng c in trng
tia m cc truyn thng.
-Khi c in trng tia m cc b
lch v pha cc dng.
Vy tia m cc c in tch g?
GV kt lun : Ngi ta gi nhng
ht to thnh tia m cc l
electron (k hiu l e) .Electron c
mt mi cht, n l mt trong
nhng thnh phn cu to nn
nguyn t ca mi nguyn t ho
hc.
GV : Ht electron c khi lng
v in tch l bao nhiu ?
GV yu cu hc sinh c v ghi
khi lng electron vo v.
GV Lu : V cha pht hin
c in tch no nh hn nn
n c dng lm in tch n
v.Qui c : in tch ca
electron l 1Hot ng 2: S tm ra ht nhn
nguyn t :
GV t vn : trn chng ta
bit nguyn t cha cc ht
mang in tch m m nguyn t
th trung ho v in. Vy chc
chn phi cha phn t mang
in tch dng. chng minh
iu ny, chng ta tin hnh tm
hiu th nghim ca R-d-pho
c minh ho hnh 1.4 (SGK).
GV: M t th nghim sau
thng bo kt qu th nghim:
- Hu ht cc ht xuyn qua
tm vng mng.
- Mt s t b bt tr li.
Kt qu ny chng t iu g?
GV khng nh: Phn t mang
in dng chnh l ht nhn
nguyn t

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Tia m cc l chm


ht chuyn ng rt nhanh
.

1. Electron
a. S tm ra electron:

HS: Tia m cc c in
tch m.

HS: Ghi cc thng tin vo


v.

HS: Nguyn cu cc thit


b th nghim v mc ch
ca n
HS: Hu ht cc ht
xuyn qua tm vng mng
chng t nguyn t c
cu to rng.
HS:-Cc ht tch in
dng, chng b lch i
hoc bt tr li chng
n gn in tch dng

Vo nm1897, Thomson tm ra tia


m cc:
- L chm ht vt cht c khi lng
v chuyn ng vi vn tc ln.
- Tia m cc truyn thng khi khng
c in trng v b lch v pha cc
dng trong in trng
- Tia m cc l chm ht mang in
tch m .Ngi ta gi nhng ht to
thnh tia m cc l electron, k hiu
l e.

b. Khi lng v in tch electron:


- Khi lng: me = 9,1094.10-31kg
-in tch:q e = - 1,602.10-19 (culng)
= -e0 = 1-

2.S tm ra ht nhn nguyn t :

T thc nghim chng minh s tn

Trang 7

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

10

GV: Hng dn HS kt lun


Hot ng 3: Cu to ca ht
nhn nguyn t
GV t vn : Ht nhn nguyn
t cn phn chia c na khng,
hay n c phn chia t nhng
ht nh no?
GV: M t th nghim ca Rd-pho nm 1918
GV: kt lun: Ht prton l thnh
phn ca nguyn t
GV: Khi lng v in tch ca
ht proton l bao nhiu?
GV: Nm 1932, Chat-uch dng
ht bn ph ht nhn nguyn
t Beri thy xut hin mt ht
mi khng mang in l ht
ntron
GV:Vy Khi lng v in tch
ca ht ntron l bao nhiu?
GV: Vy t cc th nghim trn,
hy kt lun v cu to ca ht
nhn nguyn t ?
Hot ng 4: Kch thc v khi
lng ca nguyn t
GV: thng bo

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
nn b y.
- V ch c mt phn nh
cc ht b lch hng
chng t ht mang in
tch dng trong nguyn
t gy nn va chm ch
chim mt th tch rt nh
trong nguyn t
HS: Ghi kt lun
HS: Tip thu thng tin

HS: Ghi kt lun

HS: Nghe v ghi thng tin.

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

3. Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t
Ht nhn gm proton (p) v ntron
(n)
mp = 1,6726.10-27kg
qp = +1,602.10-19 C
= + e0 = 1+
mn =1,6748.10-27kg
qn =0
Nguyn t trung ho v in nn
S n v in tch dng ht nhn
= s p = s e

HS:Tr li
HS: Nu kt lun

HS: Ghi thng bo


GV t vn :
Thc nghim xc nh c
khi lng ca nguyn t C
l19,9265.10-27. l khi lng
tuyt i ca C, c tr s rt nh.
thun tin cho vic tnh ton,
ngi ta ly 1/12 khi lng ca
nguyn t C lm n v khi
lng nguyn t , k hiu l u
(.V.C)
GV: Vy 1u bng bao nhiu kg ?

ti ca ht nhn nguyn t rt ra:


-Nguyn t c cu to rng
-Ht nhn nguyn t ( mang in tch
dng) nm tm ca nguyn t)
- Lp v ca nguyn t ( mang in
tch m) gm cc e chuyn ng
xung quanh ht nhn.
- Khi lng ca nguyn t tp trung
ch yu ht nhn.

II. Kch thc v khi lng ca


nguyn t
1. Kch thc:
n v: Nanomet ( nm) hoc
0
Angstrom ( A ) :
1nm = 10- 9m
0
1 A =10-10m
0

1nm = 10 A A
ng knh ca nguyn t: d = 1010

m = 1 A = 10-1nm

27
HS: 1u = 19 ,9265 .10

2.Khi lng:
n v khi lng nguyn t l u
hoc .V.C

12

Trang 8

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV: Ch : Khi lng nguyn
t dng trong bng tun hon
chnh l khi lng tng i gi
l nguyn t khi.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

-27

= 1,66005.10 kg

1u =

1
khi lng 1 nguyn t C
12

ng v 12
27
1u = 19 ,9265 .10

12

Hot ng 5: Cng c
Hy cho bit thnh phn cu to
ca nguyn t ?

=1,66005.10-27kg
VD: Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca
H theo u , bit khi lng nguyn t
ca n l 1,6738.10-27kg
Tr li :
Khi lng nguyn t H theo u l:
HS: Nu tm tt thnh
phn cu to ca nguyn
t.

1,6738 .10 27
1u
1,66005 .10 27

3. Dn d: (1)
-Bi tp v nh:1,2,3,4,5 (SGK).
- Chun b bi: Ht nhn nguyn t Nguyn t ho hc- ng v.
IV.RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
.............................................................................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................

Ngy son : 22-8-2010


Tit: 4

Bi 2
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

TUN 2

HT NHN NGUYN T.
NGUYN T HO HC. NG V
Trang 9

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
- Gip hc HS hiu c cc khi nim in tch ht nhn, s khi , nguyn t khi v cch tnh.
-T hiu c nh ngha nguyn t ho hcv k hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t.
2. K nng:
- Xc nh c s electron, s proton, s ntron khi bit k hiu nguyn t v s khi ca nguyn t v
ngc li.
3. Thi :
Bit s dng linh hot cc cng thc v: s n v in tch ht nhn, s khi.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Phiu hc tp
2.Hc sinh: Tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : Kim tra s slp (1p ,).
2. Kim tra bi c :( 5)
GV: Yu cu mt HS trnh by tm tt thnh phn
cu to ca nguyn t v cho bit in tch, khi
lng cc ht c bn ?

HS:Phi trnh by c nguyn t gm 2 phn:


qp = 1+
+ Ht nhn (p,n)
qn = 0
mp = mn = 1u

GV: Nhn xt v cho im

+Lp v electron (e )

qe = 1me = 0,00055u

3. Ging bi mi.
- Gii thiu bi: Bi hc trc ta bit cu to ht nhn nguyn t . Hm nay chng ta tip tc nghin cu.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
10 Hot ng 1: in tch ht nhn
GV: Nguyn t c cu to bi
cc loi ht c bn no ? T
rt ra kt lun in tch ca ht
nhn do in tch ca loi ht
no quyt nh?
GV b sung: Nu nguyn t c
Z prton th in tch ht nhn l
Z+ v s n v in tch ht
nhn l Z
GV: S n v in tch ht nhn
bng s ht no trong ht nhn?
GV: in tch ca mi ht e l
1- m nguyn t trung ho v
in, vy c nhn xt g v s p

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS:
Ht nhn(p,n)
Nguyn t
Lp v(e)
HS: in tch ca ht nhn do
ht proton quyt nh.

HS: S n v in tch ht
nhn bng s proton.

Ni dung
I. Ht nhn nguyn t:
1. in tch ht nhn:
-Trong nguyn t:
S n v in tch ht nhn Z =
S proton = S electron

VD: S n v in tch ht nhn


ca nguyn t oxi l 8 vy
nguyn t oxi c 8p v 8e

HS: S p = s e.

Trang 10

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

v s e trong nguyn t?
GV: Biu thc lin h gia Z, s
p, v s e
GV cho v d: p dng: Nguyn
t oxi c in tch ht nhn l 8+
. Hy xc nh s p, se v s
n v in tch ht nhn.
Hot ng 2: S khi
GV: Nu nh ngha v s khi
cng thc.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Z = S prton = s
electron
HS: 8 prton v 8 elelectron.
HS: Ghi nh ngha v cng
thc.

GV: Cho v d p dng


GV: S n v in tch ht nhn
HS: tr li
Z v s khi A t trng cho
nguyn t v t Z v A c th VD1: A = 11+ 12 = 23
s proton, s electron, s ntron
VD2: N = A Z = 35 17
( N = A- Z).
= 18
5

Hot ng 3: nh ngha
GV: t vn : Tnh cht ho
hc ca mt nguyn t ph
thuc vo s electron v do
ph thuc vo s n v in
tch ht nhn Z ca nguyn t
cc nguyn t c cng s n v
in tch ht nhn Z c cng tnh
cht ho hc
GV: Nu nh ngha nguyn t
ho hc?
GV: Cc nguyn t c cng s
n v in tch ht nhn l 11
u thuc nguyn t Na v u
c 11p v11e.
GV nhn mnh: Ngi ta thy
tnh cht ring bt ca nguyn
t ch c gi nguyn khi in
tch ht nhn c bo ton.
Nu in tch ht nhn thay i
th tnh cht nguyn t cng thay
i theo
GV: Cho n nay, bit c 92
nguyn t ho hc t nhin v
18 nguyn t ho hc nhn to.
Hot ng 4: S hiu nguyn t

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

HS: Nu nh ngha v NTHH

2. S khi: (k hiu l A)
a. nh ngha: S khi l tng
s ht prton v tng s ht
ntron ca ht nhn :
A=Z+N
Trong : A : s khi
Z : s p
N: s n
VD: Nguyn t Na c 11p v
12n, vy s khi ht nhn
nguyn t natri :
A = 11 + 12 = 23
b.S n v in tch ht nhn Z
v s khi A t trng cho ht
nhn v cng c trng cho
nguyn t , v khi bit c Z v
A ca mt nguyn t s bit
c s p, s e v c s ntron
ca nguyn t ( N = A Z)
VD: Ht nhn nguyn t clo c
Z = 17 v A = 35.
nguyn t c 17p,17e v 18n
II.Nguyn t ho hc:
1.nh ngha:
Nguyn t ho hc l nhng
nguyn t c cng in tch ht
nhn.

HS: Tip thu thng tin

HS: Ghi nh ngha.


HS: Ghi k hiu.

2. S hiu nguyn t:
S hiu nguyn t l s n v
in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t
nguyn t , k hiu l Z.

Trang 11

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV: Nu nh ngha s hiu
nguyn t
Hot ng 5: K hiu nguyn t
GV: Ghi k hiu nguyn t v
gii thch.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: A = 35, Z = 17, s e = 17,


N = A Z = 18
HS: Oxi c 8p, 8e, 8n.

GV: Ly v d v phn tch vi


k hiu ca nguyn t clo
GV: K hiu nguyn t Oxi l:
16
8 O
Hy cho bit nguyn t Oxi c
bao nhiu proton, electron v
ntron ?

3. K hiu nguyn t:
A
Z
Trong :
X l k hiu ho hc ca
nguyn t.
A l s khi.
Z l s n v in tch ht
nhn.
VD: 1375 Cl Cho bit :
S khi : 35; S THN : 17;
s p: 17; s e : 17;
s n = 35 17 = 18
Ch : 1

N
1,5
Z

Hot ng 6: Cng c (6 ,)
Hy ch ra s n v in tch ht nhn, s proton, s ntron v s e trong cc nguyn t sau:
7
3

39
19

Li,

K,

24
12

Mg,

Ca.

40
20

Gii
Nguyn
t
7
3
39
19

24
12

Li

S n v in tch ht
nhn
Z
3

S proton

S ntron

S e v

Z
3

N
4

E
3

19

19

20

19

12

12

12

12

20

20

20

20

K
Mg

40
20

Ca

3.Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2,4 (sgk).
- Tm hiu bi : Ht nhn nguyn t .Nguyn t ho hc. ng v(tip)
IV. RT KINH NHGIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 29/8/2011
Tun 3
Tit: 5

Bi 2

HT NHN NGUYN T
NGUYN T HO HC. NG V (tt)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 12

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Gip hc HS hiu c khi nim ng v, nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mt nguyn t.
2. K nng:
Bit cch xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mt nguyn t c nhiu ng v.
3. Thi :
- Hiu cc khi nim v s dng c cc cng thc.
- Bit nhiu ng dng quan trng ca ng v phng x
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Tranh v hnh 1.4 (SGK).
2.Hc sinh: n li khi nim ht nhn nguyn t , nguyn t ho hc.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :( 5)
GV: Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau:
HS ln bng lm:
1
2
16
17
18
3
H ;1 H ; 1 H
8 O ; 8 O ; 8 O ;1
Nguyn
S p
S e
S n
S khi
Tnh s proton, s electron , s ntron v s
t
khi ca mi nguyn t.
16
8
8
8
16
8O
17
GV : Gi 2HS ln bng.
8
8
9
17
8O
18
8

GV: Nhn xt v cho im.

Nguyn
t

10

18

S p

S e

S n

S khi

1
1

2
1

3
1

2. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:Chng ta bit nguyn t ho hc l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn. Vy
nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc c gi l g ? Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
10

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1: Vo bi
GV: T kim tra bi c, yu cu
HS nhn xt v s p, s n, s A
ca nhng nguyn t ca cng
mt nguyn t?
GV: Khng nh : nhng nguyn
t ca cng mt nguyn t ho
hc trn c gi l cc ng
v.Vy th no l ng v?
GV treo tranh v cc ng v ca
hiro v yu cu HS xc nh s

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS: Cc nguyn t ca cng
mt nguyn t c cng s
proton , cn s ntron vs
khi khc nhau.
HS: ng v l nhng
nguyn t c cng s protron
nhng khc nhau v s
ntron, do s khi A ca
chng khc nhau

Ni dung
III. ng v:
Cc ng v ca cng 1 nguyn t
l nhng nguyn t c cng s
protron nhng khc nhau v s
ntron, do s khi A ca chng
khc nhau.

VD: Nguyn t hiro c 3 ng v

Trang 13

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

p, e, n
GV:Vy hiro trong t nhin ca
1
2
3 ng v: 1 H ; 1 H ; 13 H .
Hu ht cc nguyn t ho hc l
hn hp ca nhiu ng v. Ch
c mt s nguyn t nh Al, F
khng c ng v. Ngoi khong
340 ng v t nhin, ngi ta
cn iu ch c hn 2400
ng v nhn to.
GV: Gii thiu mt s ng dng
quan trng ca ng v phng x
trong cc lnh vc: sinh hc,
nng nghip v y t.
GV lu : Do in tch ht nhn
quyt nh tnh cht nguyn t
nn cc ng v c cng s
proton tc l c cng in tch
ht nhn th c TCHH ging
nhau.
Hot ng 2:
GV: n v khi lng nguyn
t =?(u)
GV: Nguyn t X c khi lng
40u nng gp bao nhiu ln
n v khi lng nguyn t ?
GV: Gi 40 l nguyn t khi.
Vy nguyn t khi l g?
GV: Nguyn t c cu to bi
cc ht c bn nh: proton ,
electron, ntron. Vy khi lng
ca nguyn t?
GV: V me rt nh khi lng
ca nguyn t khi lng ca
ht nhn.
GV: V mp mn 1u
Nguyn t khi coi nh bng s
khi (khi khng cn chnh
xc cao).

10
Hot ng 3:
GV t vn : Hu ht cc

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Chng u c 1 proton
trong ht nhn nguyn t , c
1 electron v ca nguyn
t nhng s ntron ln lt
l 0,1 v2

l:

1
1

H ;

proti

2
1

teri

3
1

H
Triti

HS: Tip thu thng tin

Ch : Vi cc nguyn t c
+ Z 82 ng v bn
+ Z > 82 ng v phng x

IV. Nguyn t khi v nguyn


t khi trung bnh.
1.Nguyn t khi:
- Nguyn t khi l khi lng
tng i ca nguyn t.
HS: 1 u
HS: 40 ln

HS: HS: Tr li

HS: KLNT = Z.mp +E.me +


N.mn
Z.mp + N.mn (V me rt
nh)

Nguyn t khi ca mt nguyn


t cho bit khi lng ca nguyn
t nng gp bao nhiu ln n
v khi lng nguyn t
VD: NTK ca S = 32. cho bit
KLNT ca S l 32u nng gp
32 u
= 32 ln n v khi lng
1u

nguyn t.
Ch : Nguyn t khi c th coi
nh bng s khi ht nhn
VD: Xc nh nguyn t khi ca
N , bit Z = 7 v N = 7.
Khi lng ca mt nguyn t l:
7u + 7u = 14 u.
Nguyn t khi ca N l: 14
2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
aX + bY
100

Trang 14

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

nguyn t ho hc l hn hp
ca nhiu ng v nn nguyn t
khi ca nguyn t l nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca hn hp
cc ng v tnh theo t l phn
trm s nguyn t ca mi ng
v.
HS: Tip thu thng tin
GV: Hng dn HS cng tnh th
d trong SGK.

Cng thc tnh: A =

Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: Cho HS lm bi tp
Bi 1 :
Cc nguyn t no l ng v
ca nhau :
23
D
A. 174 G ; 168 M B. 178 L ; 11
15
22
16
17
C. 7 E ; 10 Q D. 8 M ; 8 L
Bi 2 : Nguyn t Cacbon c 2
ng v bn : 126 C chim
98,89% v 163 C chiem
1,11%
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
nguyn t Cacbon l :
A. 12,50
B. 12,011
C. 12,022
D. 12,055

ACl =

8
HS: Th s vo cng thc
tnh kt qu :
ACl =

+ A Nguyn t khi trung bnh


+ X, Y : Nguyn t khi ca mi
ng v
+ a, b : T l % mi ng v
VD : 1735 Cl (chim 75,77% )
37
(chim 24,23%)
17 Cl

35 .75 ,77 + 37 .24 ,23


35 ,5
100

35 .75 ,77 + 37 .24 ,23


100

35,5
HS: Cau D

HS: Cau B

4. Dn d : ( 1)
-Bi tp v nh : Cc bi tp trong SGK
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ni, bit rng trong t nhin Ni c cc ng v sau :
58
28

60
28

Ni

67,76%

Ni

26,16%

61
28

Ni

2,42%

62
28

Ni

3,66%

p s: 58,74
- Chun b bi :n li kin thc c luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG :
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 29/8/2011
Tun 3
Tit: 6

Bi 3:

LUYN TP: THNH PHN NGUYN T

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 15

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Cng c kin thc v:


- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t , c tnh ca cc ht e, p, n ; in tch ht nhn, nguyn t ho hc, k hiu
ngyn t, ng v, nguyn t khi, nguyn t khi trung bnh.
2. K nng:
Rn luyn k nng :
- Xc nh s p, s e, s n v nguyn t khi khi bit k hiu nguyn t
- Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh khi bit % s nguyn t cc ng v v ngc l
3. Thi :
Rn luyn tnh chm ch v sing nng gii bi tp ho hc.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: H thng bi tp v cu hi gi .
2.Hc sinh: n li cc kin thc lin quan.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Trong chng va qua c mt s kin thc trng tm cn nm vng, cng c thm vic
tip thu cc kin thc , cc em cn phi lm mt s bi tp vn dng.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
10

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1:
GV: Kim tra 3 HS.
1. Cho bit thnh phn cu to
nguyn t v khi lng, in
tch cc ht to nn nguyn t?
2. Mi quan h cc ht trong
nguyn t vi s n v in
tch ht nhn Z ?

Hot ng ca HS
HS1: Nguyn t bao gm
ht nhn mang in tch
dng (p, n) vlp v
mang in tch m (e):
+ mp = mn 1u
+ me = 0,00055u
+q p = 1+, qn =0, qe = 1HS2: Z = sp = s e

3. Trnh by k hiu nguyn t


nh ngha nguyn t ho hc?
ng v ? Cng thc tnh
nguyn t khi trung bnh ca HS3: Tr li theo SGK.
cc ng v?

32

Hot ng 2:
GV: cho cc bi tp p dng:
Bi 1:
HS: Chun b 2 pht
a. Hy tnh khi lng (kg) ca HS: m7p =1,6762.10-27x 7
nguyn t nit (gm 7p,7e,7n).
= 11,7082. 10-27kg
b. Tnh t s khi lng ca
m7n =1,6748. 10-27x 7
electron trong nguyn t nit
= 11,7236. 10-27kg

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Ni dung
I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
1.Thnh phn cu to nguyn t :
Ht nhn (p,n)
Ng t
Lp v(e)
+ mp = mn 1u
+ me = 0,00055u
+q p = 1+, qn =0, qe = 12.Trong nguyn t :
+ Z = sp = s n
+A=Z+N
3.K hiu nguyn t :
A
Z
4. Cng thc tnh nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca cc ng v:
A

=aX + bY
100

II. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1:
a. mN = m7p + m7n + m7n
=11,7082. 10-27kg + 11,7236.

Trang 16

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

so vi khi lng ca ton b


nguyn t .
GV: Tnh khi lng(kg) ca
7p, 7n, 7e?

m7e = 9,1094. 10-31x 7


= 0,0064. 10-27kg
mN = m7p + m7n + m7n
= 23,4382. 10-27kg

GV: Hy lp t s : m7 e
mN
Nhn xt ?

HS:

m7 e
=
mN

0,0064 .10 27
23 ,4382 .10 27

= 0,00027
HS: Nhn xt: Khi lng
cc electron qu nh b
KLNT coi bng khi lng
ca ht nhn (b qua khi
lng e).
Bi 2: Tnh nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca nguyn t K
bit rng trong t nhin thnh
phn % cc ng v ca K l:
39
40
93,258% 19 K 0,012% 19 K ;
41
6,730% 19 K .
GV: Ap dng cng thc tnh
A K v cho bit gi tr trung
bnh gn vi s khi no nht ?
Ti sao?
Bi 3: ng c hai ng v
65
63
bn 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca ng l
63,54. Tnh thnh phn phn
trm v s nguyn t ca mi
ng v.
GV ch HS: Tng t l phn
trm s nguyn t ca cc
ng v = 100%
Bi 4: Vit cng thc cc loi
phn t ng (II) oxit, bit
rng ng v oxi c cc ng
v sau:
16
17
18
65
8 O; 8 O; 8 O v 29 Cu ,
63
29

HS: Chun b 2 pht.


HS: A K = 39,13484
39

10-27kg + 0,0064. 10-27kg


= 23,4382. 10-27kg
b.
27
m7 e
= 0,0064 .10 27 = 0,00027
23 ,4382 .10
mN

Bi 2: p dng cng thc tnh A K


ta c:
AK=

39 .93 ,258 + 40 .0,012 + 41 .6,730


100

= 39,13484 39
39
( % ng v 19 K l ln nht)

Bi 3:
63
Gi thnh phn % ca 29 Cu l x,
65
thnh phn % ca 29 Cu l (100- x)
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng
HS: Tho lun v c i
din ln bng

ACu

63 x + 65 (100 x )
= 63,54
100

x = 73
Vy: 2963 Cu chim 75%
65
29 Cu chim 27%
Bi 4: C 6 cng thc:
65
Cu16O, 65Cu17O, 65Cu18O
63
Cu16O, 63Cu17O, 63Cu18O

HS: Chun b 2 pht

Cu

GV: Bit cng thc ng (II)


oxit l CuO . Hy vit cng
C 6 cng thc:
thc CuO vi cc ng v trn? HS:
65
16
Cu
O, 65Cu17O, 65Cu18O
Bi 5: Nguyn t X c tng
63
Cu16O, 63Cu17O, 63Cu18O
cc ht c bn l 82. Ht mang
in nhiu hn ht khng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Bi 5:
Tng cc ht c bn ca X :
Z + N + E =82 m Z = E

Trang 17

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

mang in l 22. Xc nh s
HS: Z + N + E =82
2Z + E = 82
khi v s hiu nguyn t ca
m Z = E 2Z + E = 82
Mt khc , ta c s ht mang in
X?
HS: 2Z N = 22
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
GV hng dn HS:
22 , nn : 2Z N = 22
- Tng cc ht c bn ca
HS: Gii h
Gii h : 2Z + E = 82
X = 82 biu thc ?
2Z N = 22
Z = 26, N = 30
- s ht mang in nhiu hn

Z
=
26,
N = 30
A = 26 + 30 = 56.
s ht khng mang in l 22
A = 26 + 30 = 56.
biu thc ?
- Gii h tm Z, N A?
4. Dn d: (2)
- Bi tp v nh: 3,5(sgk) v cc bi tp trong sch bi tp.
- Chun b: Cu to v nguyn t.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM - B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................

Ngy son: 5/9/2010


Tit: 7

Bi 4 :

CU TO V NGUYN T

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 18

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Gip hc HS hiu:
- Trong nguyn t electron chuyn ng rt nhanh xung quanh ht nhn khng theo nhng qu o xc nh
to nn v nguyn t.
- Trong nguyn t, cc e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo mt lp (K, L, M, N).
- Mt lp e bao gm mt hay nhiu phn lp. Cc e trong mi phn lp c mc nng lng bng nhau.
2. K nng:
Xc nh c th t cc lp electron trong nguyn t, s phn lp (s, p, d) trong mt lp
3. Thi :
HS thy c tinh thn lm vic cng ng ca nhn loi: Mi vn m nh khoa hc ny cha gii quyt
c li c cc th h k tip gii quyt .
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Tranh v hnh 1.6 (SGK)
2.Hc sinh: Tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :( Khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
GV: Yu cu HS nhc li thnh phn cu to nguyn t ?
GV: Ta bit lp v nguyn t do cc electron to nn. Vy trong nguyn t electron chuyn ng nh th
no? Cu to v nguyn t ra sao ? Th no l lp, phn lp electron ? Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
-Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I. S chuyn ng ca cc
GV: t vn : Nh bit v
electron trong nguyn t :
electron ca nguyn t gm cc
electron chuyn ng xung quanh
ht nhn , vy s chuyn ng
ca electron trong nguyn t nh HS: Tip thu thng tin v
th no? Trng thi chuyn ng ghi cc kt lun.
- Theo quan im hin i : trong
chuyn ng ca electron c
nguyn t cc electron chuyn
ging s chuyn ng ca cc vt
ng rt nhanh trong khu vc xung
th ln hay khng?
quanh ht nhn nguyn t khng
GV: Treo hnh 1.6 (sgk) v thng
theo nhng qu o xc nh to
bo
nn v nguyn t .
15 Hot ng 2:
- Trong nguyn t :
GV t vn tip : Vy th cc e
S electron = s proton = Z = STT
c phn b xung quanh ht
ca nguyn t trong bng tun
nhn theo quy lut no ?
hon.
GV din ging: Nguyn t gm
II. Lp electron v phn lp
c ht nhn mang in tch dng HS: Tip thu thng tin
electron
v lp v electron mang in tch
m. Nh vy ht nhn s ht

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 19

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

15

electron . Nhng electron gn


ht nhn b ht mnh c mc
nng lng thp, lin kt chc
ch vi ht nhn mun bt ra
khi nguyn t kh . Ngc li
nhng electron xa ht nhn c
mc nng lng cao hn, lin kt
yu vi ht nhn d tch ra
khi nguyn t
GV:Tu theo mc nng lng
cao hay thp m cc electron
trong v nguyn t c phn b
theo tng lp electron .
GV: Hng dn HS c sgk
rt ra nhn xt
GV: Lp no c mc nng lng
thp nht?
GV: Lu : C ti a 7 lpc
nh s t trong ra ngoi
Hot ng 3:
GV: Mi lp electron li phn
chia thnh cc phn lp
GV: Hng dn HS c sgk
rt ra nhn xt
GV: Hng dn HS xc nh s
phn lp trong mi lp. V yu
cu HS rt ra mi quan h gia
STT lp v s phn lp?
GV b sung : Electron phn
lp no c tn gi ca lp :
+ Electron phn lp s c gi
l electron s
+ Electron phn lp p c gi
l electron p
Hot ng 4: Cng c
GV: Yu cu HS nm vng:
-c im cc electron trong
cng mt lp v phn lp
-K hiu lp v phn lp
-S phn lp trong mi lp.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
1. Lp electron
- Cc electron trng thi c bn
chim ln lt cc mc nng
lng t thp n cao v c sp
xp thnh tng lp t trong ra
ngoi.
- Cc electron lp trong c
mc nng lng thp hn so vi
lp ngoi
- Cc electron trn cng mt lp
c mc nng lung gn bng
nhau .
- Biu din :
STT
1
2
3
4
HS: Ghi cc nhn xt
HS: Lp K l lp gn ht
nhn nht c mc nng
lng thp nht .

HS: HS c sgk rt ra nhn


xt
HS:Ghi cc nhn xt
HS:S phn lp trong mi
lp = STT ca lp .

HS: Lng nghe v nm


vng cc kin thc trng
tm

lp
(n)
Tn
lp

2. Phn lp electron .
-Mi lp electron li phn chia
thnh cc phn lp.
-Cc electron thuc mt phn lp
c mc nng lng bng nhau.
-K hiu : s, p, d, f.
- S phn lp trong mi lp
= STT ca lp .
Lp
S phn lp
K (n=1)
1s
L(n=2)
2s2p
M(n=3)
3s3p3d
N(n=4)
4s4p4d4f
Cc e phn lp s gi l eletron s
Cc e phn lp p gi l eletron p

4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh:1,2 (sgk)
- Tm hiu bi : S electron ti a trong mt lp phn lp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 20

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

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Ngy son: 5/9/2010


Tit: 8

Bi 4 :

CU TO V NGUYN T ( tt)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 21

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Gip hc HS:
- Bit c s electron ti a trong mt phn lp v lp electron
- Vit c s s phn b electron trn cc lp ca mt s nguyn t .
2. K nng:
- Tnh c s electron ti a trong mt phn lp, lp electron
- Biu din s s phn b electron trn cc lp ca mt s nguyn t .
3. Thi :
Bit tch lu cc kt lun khoa hc v dn bin n thnh kinh nghim ca bn thn vn dng.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Tranh v hnh 1.7 (SGK) , bng 2, v phiu hc tp
2.Hc sinh: n li cc kin thc: lp, phn lp v k hiu. Tm hiu bi mi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1p ,) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :(10p)
GV:Hy cho bit tn ca cc lp electron
HS: n =
1
2
3
4
tng ng vi cc gi tr ca n = 1, 2, 3,4.
Tn lp
K
L
M
N
Cho bit cc lp ln lt c bao nhiu
S phn lp 1
2
3
4
phn lp electron ?
(k hiu)
1s
2s,2p 3s, 3p, 3d 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Cc em bit trong nguyn t cc electron c phn b thnh tng lp v phn lp. Vy
trn mi lp v phn lp s c ti a bao nhiu electron .Chng ta cng tm hiu trong bi hc hm nay.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
1

15

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1:Vo bi
GV: Yu cu HS cho bit c my
phn lp? V k hiu ca mi
phn lp?
GV: Vy s electron ti a trong
mi phn lp l bao nhiu?
Chng ta cng tm hiu.
Hot ng2: S electron ti a
trong mt phn lp:
GV: Da vo sgk hy cho bit s
electron ti a trong mi phn
lp?
GV lu : Phn lp electron
c s electron ti a gi l
phn lp electron bo ho.
Hot ng 3: electron ti a

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS: c 4 phn lp: s, p, d, f

HS: Tr li:
- Phn lp s : 2 electron
- Phn lp p : 6 electron
- Phn lp d : 10 electron
- Phn lp f : 14 electron

Ni dung
III. S electron ti a trong
mt phn lp, mt lp
1. S electron ti a trong mt
phn lp:
- Phn lp s cha ti a 2
electron
- Phn lp p cha ti a 6
electron
- Phn lp d cha ti a 10
electron
- Phn lp f cha ti a 14
electron
2. S electron ti a trong mt
lp:

Trang 22

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

trong mt lp:
GV t vn : Mi lp electron
phn chia thnh nhiu phn
lp.Cc em bit s electron ti
a trong mi phn lp . Vy s e
ti a trong mi lp l bao nhiu .
Chng ta cng tm hiu phn 2
GV: Pht phiu hc tp:
in s electron ti a ca phn
HS: tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
lp v lp vo bng sau:
in vo bng:
Lp
Phn
Lp

K
n=1

L
n=2

M
n=3
s

S e ti
a ca
phn
lp
S e ti
a ca
lp

GV: C i din 1 nhm trnh


by v cc nhm khc nhn xt
b sung.
GV: Rt ra kt lun chung
GV: Phn tch s electron ti a
trong lp 1, 2 v 3:
2 = 2. 12
8 = 2. 22
18 = 2. 32
Lp th n c ti a bao nhiu
e?
GV: T cng thc tnh hy
suy ra s electron ti a ca lp
th t (Lp N, n = 4) l bao
nhiu?
GV:Lu : Lp electron c
s electron ti a gi l lp
electron a bo ha
GV:Hng dn HS biu din s
phn b electron trn cc lp.

Lp
Phn
Lp
S e
ti a
ca
phn
lp
S e
ti a
ca
lp

K
n=1

L
n=2

- Lp K (n=1) cha ti a 2
electron
- Lp L ( n=2) cha ti a 8
electron
- Lp M ( n=3) cha ti a 18
electron

M
n=3

10

18

HS: Ghi kt lun

HS: S electron ti a ca lp
th n l 2n2 e
HS: n = 4 s electron ti a
ca lp N l: 2.42 = 32 electron

S electron ti a ca lp th
n l 2n2 electron
Lp th t cha ti a:2. 42
electron
= 32 electron
S phn b electron trn
cc lp, phn lp
Lp

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

S e
ti
a
ca

Phn b e
trn cc
phn lp

Trang 23

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

lp
Hot ng 3: Th d p dng
K(n=1)
2
1s2
10 GV:lm th d minh ha
L(n=2)
8
2s22p6
GV: Hy cho bit nguyn t
23
M(n=3
18 3s23p63d10
11 Na c bao nhiu p, n, e ?
)
GV: Hy cho bit s phn b cc
Th
d p dng:
electron trong lp v ca nguyn HS: Z = 11e N c 11e, 11p
Xc nh s lp electron ca
v 23 11 = 12n
t Na trn cc lp ?
23
Na
nguyn t 11
GV: Hng dn HS v s
- Z = 11 Na c 11e
HS: 11e trong lp v c
phn b e trn cc lp ca
- S phn b electron :
phn
b
nh
sau:
2e
trn
lp
nguyn t Na.
Lp K ( n = 1) : 1s2
GV: Hng dn tng t cho HS K(n=1), 8e trn lp L(n=2) v
Lp L (n = 2) : 2s22p6
1e trn lp M (n = 3).
vi nguyn t N v Mg.
Lp M (n = 3) : 3s1
Hot ng 4: Cng c
2
1s22s22p63s1
Cc electron ca nguyn t
nguyn t X c phn b trn 2
lp, lp th hai c 6 electron ,
ngha lc s phn b nh sau:
A.1s2 2s2 2p1 B.1s2 2s2 2p3
C.1s2 2s2 2p2
D.1s2 2s2 2p4
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 3, 4, 5, 6(sgk)
- Chun b bi: n li kin thc c v gii cc bi tp trong sgk luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 20/9/2010


Tit: 9
Bi 5:

CU HNH ELECTRON CA NGUYN T

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 24

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
2. Kin thc:
Hc sinh bit : Quy lut sp xp electron trong v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t.
2. K nng:
Hc sinh vn dng : Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 20 nguyn t u.
3. Thi :
HS thy c kh nng ca con ngi khm ph cc quy lut ca t nhin.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin:
Bng v:
- S phn b mc nng lng ca cc lp v phn lp.
- Bng : Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 20 nguyn t u.
2. Hc sinh:
n li kin thc v cu to v nguyn t . V tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :(Khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
10 Hot ng 1: Tm hiu v th
t cc mc nng lng trong
nguyn t
GV: Cc electron trong nguyn
t ln lt chim cc mc nng
lng nh th no?
GV b sung: - Mc nng lng
ca cc lp tng theo th t t
1 n 7 , v ca phn lp tng
theo th t s, p, d, f.
GV: Nghin cu hnh 1.10
SGK Tr 24 v cho bit mc
nng lng ca cc lp v phn
lp c sp xp nh th no ?
GV: T hy sp xp dy th
t cc mc nng lng
trong nguyn t ?
GV: Khi in tch ht nhn tng
, c s chn mc nng lng
lm cho mc nng lng phn
lp 3d > 4s,
4d > 5s

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS : Cc electron trong
nguyn t ln lt chim cc
mc nng lng t thp n
cao.

Ni dung
I. Th t cc mc nng lng
trong nguyn t
- Khi in tch ht nhn tng, cc e
trong nguyn t chim cc mc
nng lng t thp n cao :1s 2s 2p
3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
C hin tng chn mc nng
lng : 4s < 3d ; 5s < 4d

HS: Hot ng theo nhm c


i din nhm trnh by c
cc ni dung sau:
- Sp xp theo chiu tng mc
nng lng ca lp ( theo th
t t 1 n 7) , ca phn lp
( theo th t s, p, d, f )
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d

II. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn

Trang 25

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


15 Hot ng 2: Tm hiu cu
hnh electron ca nguyn t
GV: Treo bng : Cu hnh
electron nguyn t ca 20
nguyn t u bng tun hon
GV: Nhn vo bng trn cho ta
bit iu g ?
GV : Khng nh chnh l
cu hnh electron . Vy th no
l cu hnh electron ?
GV: Hy trnh by cc quy c
vit cu hnh electron ?

GV: Yu cu HS hy nu cc
bc vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t ?
GV: hng dn HS vit cu
hnh electron nguyn t Li (Z
= 3) , Cl (Z= 17)
GV: Electron cui cng ca
nguyn t Li , Cl in vo
phn lp no ?
GV: Li l nguyn t s v Cl
l nguyn t p.
GV: Vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t Fe , bit Z = 56.
GV : Da theo mc nng lng
hy cho bit electron cui
cng ca nguyn t Fe in vo
phn lp no ?
GV: Vy St l nguyn t d .
Tuy nhin electron lp ngoi
cng phi biu din theo cu
hnh electron c ngha l 4s2
ch khng phi l3d6.

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Quan st
HS: Cho bit s phn b
electron trn cc lp v phn
lp.

t :
1. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn
t :
Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
biu din s phn b electron trn
cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc
nhau.

HS: Cu hnh electron l cch


biu din s phn b electron
trn cc lp v phn lp.
HS: Ngi ta quy c vit
cu hnh electron nh sau :
- S th t lp electron c
ghi bng ch s (1, 2, 3, 4)
- Phn lp c ghi bng cc
ch ci thng( s, p, d, f)
- S electron c ghi bng
s pha trn bn phi ca
phn lp ( s2, p6).
HS: Tm hiu SGK v nu cc Cc bc vit cu hnh electron
bc vit cu hnh e
Bc 1: T Z s e ca nguyn t
Bc 2 : Sp xp cc e theo th t
tng dn nng lng :
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s4d
Bc 3 : Vit cu hnh electron :1s
HS: Electron cui cng ca
2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s.
nguyn t Li in vo phn
VD:
lp s, ca Cl in vo phn
Li ( Z= 3 ) : 1s22s1
lp p.
Nguyn t s
Cl (Z=17) :1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Hoc [Ne]3s2 3p5
HS: - Z = 26 Fe c 26 e
- Cc e c phn b nh sau: Nguyn t p
Fe (Z=26)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
- Theo mc nng lng :
- Cu hnh electron ca
2
2
6
2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
nguyn t Fe: 1s 2s 2p 3s
- Cu hnh electron :
3p6 3d64s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d64s2
HS:Electron cui cng in
Hoc vit gn: [Ar] 3d64s2
vo phn lp d St l
Nguyn t d
nguyn t d
Vy:
+ Nguyn t s : e cui cng c

Trang 26

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV:Vy th no l nguyn t s,
nguyn t p, nguyn t d,
nguyn t f ?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Tr li theo SGK

HS:Vit cu hnh electron ca


5 Hot ng 3:Tm hiu cu hnh cc nguyn t c Z = 8, 11
electron nguyn t ca 20
nguyn t u
GV: Cho HS vit cu hnh e
ca cc nguyn t c Z =8, 11, Quan st bng v sa li nu
20 .
sai.
Sau chiu bng ( tr. 26 sgk)
HS t sa nu sai.
HS: Tip thu thng tin
GV: Cho HS bit ngi ta cn
c th vit cu hnh electron
theo lp
GV: ly v d : Cu hnh
electron ca Na l 1s2 2s2 2p6
3s1 hay c th c vit theo
lp l 2, 8,1
10 Hot ng 4: Nghin cu c
im ca lp electron ngoi
HS: nguyn t ch c th c
cng.
ti a 8 electron lp ngoi
GV: Hng dn HS nghin cu cng
bng trn v cho bit nguyn t
ch c th c ti a bao nhiu
electron lp ngoi cng ?
GV: Cc nguyn t c 8e lp
ngoi cng u rt bn vng,
chng khng tham gia vo cc
HS: i vi cc nguyn t
phn ng ho hc. l cc
ca tt c cc nguyn t, lp
kh him.
ngoi cng c nhiu nht l 8
GV: Da vo cu hnh electron electron (tr He)
ca cc kim loi Na, Mg, Al, K,
Ca v cho bit c bao nhiu
HS: Na, K c 1e lp ngoi
electron lp ngoi cng ?
cng.
GV: Da vo cu hnh electron Mg, Ca c 2e lp ngoi
ca cc phi kim N, O, F, P, S,
cng.
Cl v cho bit c bao nhiu
Al c 3e lp ngoi cng.
electron lp ngoi cng ?
HS: N, P c 5e lp ngoi
GV: Hng dn HS rt ra kt
cng.
lun
O, S c 6e lp ngoi cng.
3
Hot ng 4: Cng c
F, Cl c 7e lp ngoi cng.
Cc e ca nguyn t nguyn t
X c phn b trn 3 lp, lp

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

in vo phn lp s
+ Nguyn t p :e cui cng c
in vo phn lp p
+ Nguyn t d : e cui cng c
in vo phn lp d
+ Nguyn t f : e cui cng c
in vo phn lp f.
2.Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca
20 nguyn t u (SGK)

3. c im ca lp electron ngoi
cng:
- Xu hng : t n 8e lp ngoi
cng bn vng
- Nhng nguyn t c 8 electron
lp ngoi cng: nguyn t kh him
(tr He)
- Nhng nguyn t c 1, 2, 3
electron lp ngoi cng: nguyn
t kim loi (tr H, He, B)
- Nhng nguyn t c 5, 6, 7
electron lp ngoi cng : nguyn
t phi kim
- Nhng nguyn t c 4 electron
lp ngoi cng c th l kim loi
hoc phi kim.
khi bit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t c th d on c loi
nguyn t.

Trang 27

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

th 3 c 6e. Cu hnh e ca
HS: Ghi kt lun.
nguyn t X l:
HS: Cn tr li c:
A.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
p n B
B.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
4. Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n li cc kin thc hc v gii cc bi tp trong SGK luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 20/9/2010


Tit: 10

Bi 6:

LUYN TP CHNG 1

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 28

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t.
- Nhng c trng ca nguyn t.
- S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t .
- S phn b electron trn cc lp, phn lp.
- c im ca electron lp ngoi cng.
2 . K nng:
Rn luyn k nng gii mt s bi tp c bn v:
- Cu to nguyn t.
- Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t.
- Da vo electron lp ngoi cng phn loi cc nguyn t phi kim, kim loi hoc phi kim.
3. Thi :
Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi , phiu hc tp.
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta cng luyn tp .
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10
Hot ng 1:
I. Cc kin thc cn nm
GV h thng ho cc kin thc
HS: Tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
vng:
bi h thng cc cu hi trong
Sau c i din trnh by.
cc phiu hc tp sau:
Tr li:
Ht nhn
1. Nhm kin thc v cu to
Phiu hc tp 1:
1.
Nguyn
t
(p,n)
nguyn t
1. Nguyn t c thnh phn cu
Lp v(e)
to nh th no v t im cc
c
tnh
ca
cc
ht
:
ht cu to nn nguyn t ?
Ht nhn
V e
2. Kch thc ht nhn v
e
p
n
nguyn t ln hay nh? Ngi ta
in
q
=
1q
=1
q
=0
e
p
n
dng n v o l g?
+
3. Khi lng nguyn t hu nh tch
Khi
me=
mp
mn 1u
tp trung u ? Ti sao?
0,00055u
lng
1u

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 29

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
2. Kch thc ht nhn v nguyn
t rt nh. Ngi ta dng n v
0

30

o l nm hoc A
3. Khi lng nguyn t hu nh
Phiu hc tp 2:
tp trung ht nhn. V me rt nh.
1. Nu nhng hiu bit v s
HS : Tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
chuyn ng ca electron trong
i din nhm tr li :
nguyn t ?
Quan nim c
2. Nhng electron c mc nng
lng nh th no c xp vo (theo E.Rutherford, N.Bohr,
A.Sommerfeld): Electron chuyn
cng mt lp, cng mt phn
ng quanh ht nhn nguyn t
lp? Cch k hiu lp v phn
theo nhng qu o hnh bu dc
lp electron ?
hay hnh trn (Mu nguyn t
3. S electron ti a trong mt
hnh tinh).
lp , mt phn lp?
Quan nim hin i: Cc electron
4. Th t cc mc nng lng
chuyn ng rt nhanh quanh ht
trong nguyn t ?
nhn nguyn t trn nhng qu
o khng xc nh to nn v
nguyn t
2. Nhng electron c mc nng
lng gn bng nhau xp vo mt
lp ; bng nhau xp vo mt phn
lp
3. Th t cc mc nng lng
trong nguyn t : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
3d 4p 5s...
HS: Tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
Sau c i din trnh by:

Phiu hc tp s 3:
1. Tr li theo SGK
1. nh ngha nguyn t ho hc, 2. V hu ht cc nguyn t ho
ng v.
hc l hn hp ca nhiu ng v,
2.V sao phi tnh nguyn t biu thc tnh:
aX + bY
khi trung bnh, biu thc tnh?
A =
100
Hot ng 2:
GV: La chn bi tp cho HS
luyn tp
Bi 1:
39
K
Tng s ht p, n, e trong 19
A. 19
C. 39
B. 58
D.20
GV: T k hiu ca nguyn t ,
xc nh s p, n,e ?
GV: Hy chn p n ng?

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

HS: S p, n, e ln lt l: 19, 20,


19
HS: p n B

2. Nhm kin thc v cu to


v nguyn t

3.Nhm kin thc v nguyn


t ho hc

II. Bi tp :
Bi 1: p n B
Bi 2 :
Gii :
Gi x l % s nguyn t ng
v 1735 Cl
(100 x) l % s nguyn t
37
Cl
ng v 17
p dng cng thc tnh

Trang 30

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


Bi 2: Bit nguyn t khi ca
Clo l 35,5 .Clo c 2 ng v l
35
Cl v37Cl .Tnh % s lng mi
ng v
GV: Nu gi x l % s nguyn
35
Cl % s nguyn
t ng v 17
37
t ng v 17 Cl ?
GV: p dng cng thc tnh
NTKTB. x = ?
GV: T l % mi ng v?
Bi 4 /28 :( SGK)
GV: hng dn :
GV : T cc d kin cho trn
bi thit lp cc phng trnh
i s cha Z v N
p dng: 1

N
1,5 kt hp
Z

vi 2Z + N = 13 Tm Z, N ?
GV : V Z nguyn dng nn
trong khong 3,7 Z 4,33
hy chn gi tr ca Z
GV : T Z v N , hy tnh A ?
GV : T Z = 4 . Hy vit cu
hnh electron ?
Bi 4: Nguyn t X c tng s
ht e, p, n l 34. Bit s n nhiu
hn s p l 1. S khi nguyn t
X l:
A. 23
B. 56
C. 35
C. 46
GV cho HS tho lun
GV nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 3 :Cng c
GV : Nhc li nhng kin thc
cn nm vng

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
NTKTB:
A Cl =

HS:100 x l % s nguyn t
37
Cl
ng v 17
HS: A K =35 .x + (100 x). 37
100
=35,5
x = 75
35
HS: 17 Cl chim 75%
37
17 Cl chim 25%

HS : 2Z + N = 13
v 1

N
Z

1,5

3,7 Z 4,33

HS: Z = 4 N = 5
HS: A = 4 + 5= 9
HS: 1s2 2s2
HS : Tho lun v ln bng lm

HS: Chu y lang nghe .

35,5

35 .x + (100 x). 37
=
100

x = 75.
35
Vy 17 Cl chim 75%
37
17 Cl chim 25%
Bi 4 (SGK):
Theo :
Z + N + E = 13 V Z = E nn
2Z + N = 13
T nguyn t s 2 n 82
trong bng tun hon th :
1

N
1,5 Z N 1,5Z
Z

Z N ; 2Z + N = 13 nn
2Z + Z 13 Z 4,33
N 1,5Z ; 2Z + N = 13 nn
13 -2Z 1,5Z hay 13 3,5Z
Z 3,7
V Z nguyn dng nn trong
khong 3,7 Z 4,33 , ta
chn Z = 4 N = 13 2Z
= 13 2.4 = 5
Vy nguyn t khi :
4 + 5= 9
Z = 4 nn cu hnh electron l :
1s2 2s2
Bi 4:
2Z + N = 34
NZ=1
Z = 11; N = 12 A = 23
p n A

4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: + Gii tt c cc bi tp trong SBT
+ Bi tp lm thm : Cho thnh phn % cc ng v ca hai nguyn t Ar v K l:
40
36
38
38
39
40
18 Ar (99,63%); 18 Ar (0,31%); 18 Ar (0,06 %) ; 19 K (93,26%); 19 K (6,73%); 19 K (0,01%)
a> Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ar v K.
b>Gii thch ti sao Ar c s hiu nguyn t nh hn K nhng li c khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ln hn.
Hng dn:
a> A (Ar) = 39,99 v A (K) = 39,13

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 31

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

40
Ar
b> Tuy Ar c s hiu nguyn t nh hn K nhng ng v c s khi ln hn li chim t l ln ( 18
38
(99,63%)), trong khi K c ng v c khi lng nh chim t l ln ( 19 K (93,26%)) nn Ar c nguyn t khi
trung bnh ln hn.
- Chun b bi : n li cc kin thc hc chng 1 tip tc luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 20/9/2010


Tit: 11

Bi 6 :

LUYN TP CHNG 1 (tt)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 32

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- S phn b electron trn cc lp, phn lp
- c im ca electron lp ngoi cng.
2 . K nng:
Tip tc rn luyn k nng gii mt s bi tp c bn v:
- Cu to nguyn t
- Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
- Da vo electron lp ngoi cng phn loi cc nguyn t phi kim, kim loi hoc phi kim.
3. Thi :
Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi
- Mi lin h gia lp electron ngoi cng vi loi nguyn t:
Cu hnh e
lp ngoi
cng
S e lp
ngoi cng
Loi nguyn
t
Tnh cht c
bn ca
nguyn t

ns1
ns2
ns2np1
1,2 hoc 3

ns2np2

4
Kim loi
(tr H, He, B)
Tnh kim loi

C th l kim loi hoc phi


kim
C th l tnh kim loi hay
phi kim

ns2np3
ns2np4
ns2np5
5,6
hoc
7
Phi kim
C tnh phi
kim

ns2np6
( He: 1s2)
8
(2e He)
Kh him
Tng i tr v mt
ho hc

2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta tip tc luyn tp .
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
5

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1:
GV yu cu HS in cc thng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS: Ln bng in cc

Ni dung
I. Kin thc cn nm vng
- Mi lin h gia lp electron ngoi

Trang 33

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

35

tin vo bng ph khi bit cu


hnh e lp ngoi cng tng
qut.
Hot ng 2:
GV chn bi tp hc sinh
luyn tp
Bi 1: V electron ca mt
nguyn t c 20 electron . Hi
a. Nguyn t c bao
nhiu lp electron ?
b. Lp ngoi cng c bao
nhiu electron ?
c. Nguyn t l kim
loi hay phi kim ?
GV hng dn : Vit cu hnh e
ca nguyn t
GV nhn xt v cho im
Bi 2: Vit cu hnh e ca
nguyn t Cr (Z = 24) v Cu
(Z= 29).
GV gi HS ln bng lm
GV lu : y c hin tng
e phn lp ns chuyn vo
phn lp (n-1)d t cu hnh
bn.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
thng tin vo bng.

HS: Ln bng lm

HS: Ln bng lm:


Cr(Z=24)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d44s2
Cu(Z=29)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d94s2

Bi 3:
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c
tng s ht l 82. Trong tng HS: Tho lun v i din
s ht mang in nhiu hn
ln bng trnh by.
tng s ht khng mang in l
22 ht. Nguyn t X c s khi
l:
A. 30
B. 26
C. 56
D. 22
GV: Cho HS tho lun theo 4
nhm

Bi 4:
Electron sau cng c lm y
cc phn lp sau:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

cng vi loi nguyn t


( bng ph)
II. Bi tp
Bi 1:
a. Nguyn t c 20 electron
Cu hnh electron : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
3p6 4s2
Nguyn t c 4 lp electron
b.Lp ngoi cng c 4 lp electron .
c. V c 2e lp ngoi cng nn
nguyn t thuc nguyn t kim loi.
Bi 2:
Cr (Z = 24) v Cu(Z =29)
- Theo mc nng lng:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s23d4
- Theo mc nng lng:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s23d9
khng bn , chuyn thnh cu
hnh bn :
Cr (Z=24) :
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d54s1
Cu (Z=29) :
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d104s1
Bi 3:
Tng s ht trong nguyn t X : Z +
E + N = 82
S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 22 :
Z + E - N = 22
Ta li c : Z = E
h phng trnh :
2Z + N = 82
2Z N = 22
Gii h , tm c : Z = 26,
N = 30 A = 26+30= 56.
Vy X l Fe
Bi 4 :
a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s1
Z = 19
- L kim loi v c 1e lp ngoi
cng.
- Lp th nht lin kt cht ch vi

Trang 34

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS : Moi HS len
a) 4s1 b) 3p5 c) 3p6 d) 2p4
Hy vit cu hnh electron bang lam moi
y ca nguyn t cc cau
nguyn t trn.
Tnh s in tch ht nhn ca
mi nguyn t.
Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi
kim hay kh him? Gii thch.
i vi mi nguyn t , lp
electron no lin kt vi ht
nhn yu nht, lp no cht ch
nht?
Tm trong BTH l nguyn
t no?
GV : Goi mot 4 HS len
bang tra li cac
yeu cau
GV : Goi HS khac nhan
xet bo sung . Sau o
GV ghi iem.
HS: Lang nghe va
chu y.

ht nhn nht, lp th t lin kt yu


vi ht nhn
- l: K
b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Z = 17
- L nguyn t phi kim, v c 7e
lp ngoi cng.
- Lp th nht lin kt cht ch vi
ht nhn nht, lp th ba lin kt yu
vi ht nhn
- l: Cl
c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Z = 18
- L nguyn t kh him, v c 8e
lp ngoi cng.
- Lp th nht lin kt cht ch vi
ht nhn nht, lp th ba lin kt yu
vi ht nhn
- l: Ar
d. 1s2 2s2 2p4 Z = 8
- L nguyn t phi kim, v c 6e
lp ngoi cng.
- Lp th nht lin kt cht ch vi
ht nhn nht, lp th hai lin kt
yu vi ht nhn
- l : O

Hoat ong 6 : Cung


co
GV: Nhac lai nhng
3
chu y khi giai bai
tap ve cau hnh e
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: T rn luyn thm bi tp tng t trong SBT
- Chun b : n li kin thc hc chun b kim tra.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 21/9/2010
Tit : 12

KIM TRA 1 TIT


GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 35

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I.MC CH YU CU:
1. Kin thc :
Nhm nh gi kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng 1:
Thnh phn nguyn t , ht nhn nguyn t ,nguyn t ho hc , ng v, cu to v nguyn t , cu hnh electron
2.K nng:
- Vit cu hnh e nguyn t xc nh s lp e, s e lp ngoi.
- Xc nh s khi
- Xc nh loi nguyn t da vo c im lp e ngoi cng.
3. Thi :
Hc sinh t h thng kin thc ca chng v nh gi c kt qu hc tp ca mnh.
II. CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : kim tra, p n v biu im
2.Hc sinh: n tp cc kin thc trng tm ca chng.
III. HOT NG :
1.n nh tnh hnh lp : Kim tra s s lp, nhc nh HS nghim tc v trung thc khi lm bi
2.Pht kim tra :
KIM TRA ( 1)

A. Trc nghim( 5 im)


Hy khoanh trn mt trong cc ch ci A, B, C, D ng trc phng n chn ng.
1. Cc ht cu to nn hu ht cc nguyn t l :
A. protron v electron
C. ntron, protron v electron
B. ntron v proton
D. ntron velectron
2. Nguyn t ho hc l nhng nguyn t c cng :
A. S khi
C. S proton
B. S ntron
D. S proton v s ntron
3. S proton ca O, H, C, Al ln lt l 8, 1, 6, 13 v s ntron ln lt l 8, 0, 6, 14; xt xem k hiu no sau y
l sai:
12
16
27
2
A. 6 C
B. 8 O
C. 13 Al
D. 1 H
4. Nguyn t c tng s e l 14 th cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l:
A. 3s23p1
B. 3s23p2
C. 2s22p1
D. 3p14s2
5. Mt nguyn t M c 75 electron v 110 ntron. K hiu ca nguyn t M l :
185
75
110
75
A. 75 M
B. 185 M
C. 75 M
D. 110 M
6. Nguyn t X c Z = 15. S electron thuc lp ngoi cng l :
A. 5
B. 7
C. 2
D. 3
7. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Mn (Z = 25) l :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7
2
2
6
2
6
5
2
2
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
D. 1s 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d6
8. S n v in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t Oxi l 8 . Trong nguyn t oxi c s lp electron l
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
2
2
6
2
6
9. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t:
A. Kh him v phi kim
C. Kh him
B. Kim loi
D. Phi kim
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 36

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

10. Cc phn lp s, p, d, f c s electron ti a ln lt l


A. 1, 3, 5, 7
B. 2, 8, 18, 32
C. 2, 4, 6, 8
D. 2, 6, 10, 14
11. Cc e ca nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b trn 3 lp, lp th 3 c 6e. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t X l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s4 3p2
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 3p3
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3p5
12. Ht nhn nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c 35 proton, vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t ny l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p63d104s24p5
C. [ Ar ] 3d104s24p5
B. 2, 8, 18, 7
D. Tt c u ng.
63
65
13. Trong t nhin , ng c 2 ng v Cu v Cu, trong ng v 65Cu chim khong 27% v s lng. Phn
trm s lng ca ng v 63Cu l :
A. 63%
B. 32,15%
C. 73%
D. 64,29%
14.Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c tng s electron trong cc phn lp s l 5. Nguyn t ny
l:
A. K (Z=19)
B (Z=5)
C. F (Z=9)
D. Na (Z=11)
15. S hiu nguyn t c trng cho mt nguyn t ho hc v n:
A. L k hiu ca mt nguyn t ho hc
B. L tng s proton v ntron trong nhn
C. L in tch ht nhn ca mt nguyn t ho hc
D. Cho bit tnh cht ca mt nguyn t ho hc
16. Nguyn t c tng s e l 13 th cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l:
A. 3s23p1
B. 3s23p2
C. 2s22p1
D. 3p14s2
17. Phn lp 1s c th cha bao nhiu electron:
A. 1 hoc 2
B. 2
C. 3
D. 1
18. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Mn (Z = 25) l :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7
2
2
6
2
6
5
2
2
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
D. 1s 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d6
19.Ti sao s lng nguyn t ho hc l 110 nhng s loi nguyn t li khong 340
A. Nguyn t v nguyn t l hai khi nim khc nhau
B. Do mt nguyn t c th c nhiu nguyn t l ng v
C. Do khoa hc pht hin c nhiu nguyn t mi
D. C nhiu nguyn t l ng v nhn to
20. Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt cht ch nht vi ht nhn:
A. Lp K
B. Lp L
C. Lp M
D. Lp N
B. T lun (5 im)
Cu 1 : ( 1 im) : Xc nh s proton, s electron , s ntron v s khi ca cc nguyn t c k hiu sau :
14
40
7 N , 20 Ca
Cu 2 :( 2 im)
V ca mt nguyn t c 16 electron . Hi :
a.Nguyn t c bao nhiu lp electron ?
b.Lp no c mc nng lng cao nht ?
c.Lp ngoi cng c bao nhiu electron ?
d.Nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim ?
Cu 3 : ( 2 im)
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 40. Trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng
mang in l 12 ht.
c.Xc nh s khi ca ht nhn nguyn t nguyn t X ?

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 37

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


d.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Xc nh tn ca nguyn t nguyn t X ?
P N BIU IM

A.Trc nghim : ( 5 im)


Mi la chn ng c 0,5 im
1
2
3
4
C
C
B
D
11
12
13
14
B. T lun : ( 5 im)
Cu 1 : ( 2 im)
Mi nguyn t xc nh ng 1 im.
Nguyn t
14
7
40
20

5
A
15

6
C
16

7
B
17

8
C
18

S proton
7

S electron
7

S ntron
7

S khi
14

Ca

20

20

20

40

9
B
19

10
D
20

Cu 2 :(2 im)
Nguyn t c 16 electron cu hnh electron : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
a. Nguyn t c 3 lp electron .
b. Lp th 3 c mc nng lng cao nht.
c. C 6 electron lp ngoi cng
d. Nguyn t l phi kim
Cu 3 ( 1 im)
Tng s ht trong nguyn t X : Z + E + N = 40
S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12 :
Z + E - N = 12
Ta li c : Z = E h phng trnh : 2Z + N = 40
2Z N = 12
Gii h , tm c : Z = 13, N = 14 A = 13+14 = 27. Vy X l nhm
3. Thu bi, nhc nh, dn d hc sinh
IV.KT QU :
Lp
S s
Gii
Kh
TB
Yu
Km
10A2
32
15
4
10
2
1
10A3
43
0
2
17
24
0
V. NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM :
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Ngy son : 27/9/2009
Tit 13

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 38

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Chng 2:

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC


V NH LUT TUN HON

Bi 7:

BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC

I/ MC TIU :
1/ Kin Thc :
Hiu c:
Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu to ca bng tun hon: nguyn t, chu k, nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhm B).
2/ K nng :
T v tr trong bng tun hon ca nguyn t (, nhm, chu k) suy ra cu hnh electron v ngc li.
3/ Thi :
- HS hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun quy lut
II/ CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
Hnh v nguyn t.
Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc .
2/ Hc sinh :
- Tm hiu bi
- Bng tun hon cc cc nguyn t ho hc ( c nh)
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Cc nguyn t nguyn t c sp xp vo bng tun hon theo nguyn tc no? Bng tun
hon c cu to ra sao ? Chng ta i tm hiu bi.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
15 Hot ng 1:
GV nu s lc v s pht minh
ra bng tun hon
GV: Treo bng tun hon HS
HS : Vit cu hnh electron
quan st sau gi 3 HS vit cu
hnh electron cu cc nguyn t
hng 1
(Z = 1 n Z = 2); hng 2
( Z = 3 n Z = 11) ; ct dc
( Kim loi kim)
GV: Da vo BTH, cu hnh
electron hy nhn xt:
+ THN ca mt s nguyn t
HS: THN tng dn.
trong cng mt hng ngang , trong

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Ni dung
I. NGUYN TC SP XP
CC NGUYN T TRONG
BNG TUN HON:
Cc nguyn t c xp theo
chiu tng dn ca in tch ht
nhn nguyn t.
Cc nguyn t c cng s lp
electron trong nguyn t c
xp thnh mt hng.
Cc nguyn t c cng s
electron ha tr trong nguyn t
c sp xp thnh mt ct.
* Electron ha tr l nhng

Trang 39

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

15

cng mt ct dc.
+ S lp electron ca cc nguyn
t trong cng mt hng ngang.
+ Cc nguyn t trong cng mt
ct c c im g ging nhau.
GV: y l 3 nguyn tc c bn
sp xp cc nguyn t vo bng
tun hon.
GV: t kin nhn xt ca HS ,
GV tng hp , kt lun ri hng
dn HS rt ra nguyn tc xy
dng bng tun hon
GV gii thch : electron ho tr
nm lp ngoi cng hoc c
phn lp st phn lp ngoi cng
nu phn lp cha bo ho.
GV: yu cu HS xc nh s e ho
tr ca Na, Fe v Cu
Hot ng 2:
GV: Treo hnh v nguyn t ca
Al
GV: S nguyn t cho bit
nhng thng tin g?
GV Chn mt s trong 20
nguyn t u bng tun hon ri
yu cu HS nhn vo trnh
by cc thng tin
GV: Cc thng tin ny rt quan
trng gip chng ta tm hiu cu
to, tnh cht ca nguyn t
GV: Cho bit mi quan h gia Z,
S proton , s electron v STT ca
nguyn t ?
GV nhn mnh : khi bit
STT ca nguyn t trong BTH c
th suy ra s hiu nguyn t , s
proton , s electron .
Hot ng 3:
Mi hng ngang l mt chu k,
da vo nguyn tc sp xp hy
nu ng ngha chu k?
GV: Yu cu HS da vo BTH
cho bit: c bao nhiu chu k? V
s lng cc nguyn t trong mi
chu k.

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Cc nguyn t trong cng mt


hng ngang c s lp electron bng
nhau.
HS: C cng s electron lp ngoi
cng .

electron lp ngoi cng ( k


c e ca phn lp st lp ngoi
cng nu phn lp cha bo
ho)
Th d :
Na (Z = 11) :1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
c 1e ho tr
Fe(Z=26):
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d64s2
c 8e ho tr
Cu(Z=29):
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d104s1
c 1e ho tr

HS: Vit cu hnh e v tr li

HS: Quan st
HS: S hiu nguyn t ( 13)
K hiu ho hc ( Al) , tn nguyn
t ( nhm), nguyn t khi
( 26,94), cu hnh e
( [Ne]3s23p1) v s oxi ho (+3)
HS: Quan st tr li.

II. CU TO BNG TUN


HON:
1. nguyn t :
S th t ca nguyn t
= s hiu nguyn t (Z) = S p
= s e

HS:
S th t ca nguyn t = s hiu
nguyn t (Z) = Sp = s e
2. Chu k:
- S th t ca chu k = s lp e
HS: Chu k l dy cc nguyn t trong nguyn t .
m nguyn t ca chng c cng Chu k 1, ,2, 3 l cc chu k
s lp electron, c sp xp theo nh.
chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn.
Chu k 4, 5, 6, 7 l cc chu k
HS: C 7 chu k:
ln.

Trang 40

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

GV: Lu cch phn loi chu k


GV: Chn mi chu k(1 4) mt
nguyn t ng u tin, mt
nguyn t ng gn cui, v mt
nguyn t ng cui cng yu
cu HS vit cu hnh electron
nguyn t ca chng ri yu cu
nhn xt: s lp electron , nguyn
t l kim loi phi kim hay kh
him
GV: hng dn HS rt ra nhn
xt.
GV b sung : Di bng c 2 h
nguyn t: Lantan vActini.
Hot ng 4: Cng c
GV: lu HS 2 :
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn
t trong bng tun hon
- Cc c im ca chu k

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Chu k 1: gm 2 nguyn t
H(Z=1) n He(Z=2)
Chu k 2: gm 8 nguyn t
Li(Z=3) n Ne(Z=18)
Chu k 3: gm 8 nguyn t
Na(Z=11) n Ar(Z=18)
Chu k 4: gm 18 nguyn t
K(Z=19) n Kr(Z=36)
Chu k 5: gm 18 nguyn t
Rb(Z=37) n Xe(Z=54)
Chu k 6: gm 32 nguyn t
Cs(Z=55) n Rn(Z=86)
Chu k 7: Cha hon thnh
HS:
Chu k 1:
H(Z=1) : 1s1; He(Z=2) : 1s2
Chu k 2:
Li(Z=3) :1s2 2s1; Ne(Z=10): 1s2 2s2
2p6
Chu k 3:
Na(Z=11) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Ar(Z=18): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Chu k 4:
K(Z=19) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s1
Kr(Z=36): [Ar] 3d104s24p6
HS nhn xt : M u chu k l kim
loi kim, kt thc chu k l kh
him( tr chu k 1 v chu k 7)
HS: Nu li cc kin thc theo yu
cu.

4. Dn d:( 1p)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2, 3, 4 (SGK)
- Tm hiu phn : Nhm nguyn t .
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
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Ngy son : 27/9/2009
Tit 14

Bi 7 :

BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 41

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I/ MC TIU :
1/ V Kin Thc :
- Tip tc nghin cu bng tun hon : Nhm nguyn t .
- Da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t kt lun nguyn t thuc nhm A hay B.
2/ K nng :
- Rn luyn k nng xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
3/ Thi :
- Bit suy lun quy lut vn kin thc ring ca bn thn.
II/ CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc .
2/ Hc sinh :
- Tm hiu bi
- Bng tun hon cc cc nguyn t ho hc ( c nh)
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (10)
GV: Yu cu mt HS trnh by nguyn tc sp xp
HS1:
cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch
ht nhn nguyn t.
Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t
c xp thnh mt hng.
Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ha tr trong nguyn
GV: Yu cu 1 HS trnh by c im ca chu k
t c sp xp thnh mt ct.
trong bng tun hon ?
HS2:
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c
cng s lp electron .
STT ca chu k = s lp electron trong nguyn t .
M u chu k l kim loi kim, kt thc chu k l kh him(
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
tr chu k 1 v chu k 7)
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi :
Nhng nguyn t c sp xp vo mt ct gi l mt nhm nguyn t, vy nhm nguyn t l g ? c im cu
to ca nhng nguyn t trong mt nhm nh th no ? Chng ta cng tm hiu.
-Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
15
Hot ng 1:
3. Nhm nguyn t :
GV: Yu cu HS da vo BTH
HS: Nhm nguyn t l tp - Cc nguyn t thuc cng mt
v tm hiu SGK tr li cc
hp cc nguyn t m nguyn nhm th c cu hnh e tng t
cu hi sau:
t c cu hnh electron tng nhau do c tnh cht ha hc
- Nhm nguyn t l g?
t nhau, do c tnh cht gn ging nhau
ha hc gn ging nhau, sp - STT nhm = s e ho tr
- Nhn xt c im cc nguyn xp thnh mt ct.
VD: + Na ( Z = 11) c 1e ho tr

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 42

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


t trong cng mt nhm
- C my loi nhm nguyn t ?

GV: C my nhm A? my
nhm B ?

15

GV: Nhng nhm no cha


nguyn t s ? Nhng nhm no
cha nguyn t p ?Nhng nhm
no changuyn t d v f ?
GV b sung : Khi cc nguyn
t f xp thnh 2 hng cui
bng, chng l hai h Lantan v
h Actini.
Hot ng 2:
GV cho HS tho lun bi tp
sau:
Cho A ( Z = 17); B ( Z = 23); C (
Z = 30).
a> Vit cu hnh e
b> Xc nh v tr ca A, B
( , chu k, nhm)
GV cho cc nhm khc nhn xt
v GV b sung .
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV nhn mnh: khi bit cu hnh
e ca nguyn t c th xc nh
v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH:
- STT nguyn t = Z = s e
- STT chu k = s lp e
- STT nhm = s e ho tr

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Nguyn t cc nguyn t
trong cng mt nhm c s
electron ha tr bng nhau v
bng STT nhm
HS:
C 2 loi nhm : Nhm A v
nhm B
HS:

Nhm A: gm 8 nhm t IA
VIIIA ( 8 ct)
Nhm B: gm 8 nhm t IB
VIIIB (10 ct)

Na thuc nhm I
+ Sc ( Z = 21) c 2e ho tr Sc
thuc nhm II
- BTH c 18 ct gm 8 nhm A
v 8 nhm B
+ Nhm A: Bao gm cc nguyn
t s ( IA, IIA) v nguyn t p
( IIIA VIIIA)
+ Nhm B: bao gm cc nguyn
t d v f

HS: Da vo BTH nhn xt.

HS: Tho lun 3 pht v ca


i din ln bng trnh by

HS lng nghe v nm vng


lm bi tp.

Bi tp :
a> Cu hnh e:
A ( Z = 17) : 1s22s22p63s23p5
B(Z=23):1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2
C(Z = 30):1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
b>V tr:
- Nguyn t A th 17, chu k 3,
nhm VIIA
-Nguyn t B th 23, chu k 4,
nhm VB
- Nguyn t C 30, chu k 4,
nhm IIB

4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ( SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t ho hc
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son : 4/10/2010
Tit 15

Bi 8 :

S BIN I TUN HON CU HNH ELECTRON


NGUYN T CA CC NGUYN T HA HC

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 43

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I/ MC TIU :
1/Kin thc
Bit c :
- c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A.
- S tng t nhau v cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t (nguyn t s, p) l nguyn nhn ca
s tng t nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A.
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch ht nhn
tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t.
2/K nng
- Da vo cu hnh electron nguyn t suy ra cu to nguyn t, c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng.
- Da vo cu hnh electron, xc nh nguyn t s, p.
3/ Thi :
- HS lin h vi thc t cuc sng con ngi, trong thin nhin cng c din bin tun hon.
II/ CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc .
- Hnh v bng 5 SGK
2/ Hc sinh :
- Tm hiu bi
- Bng tun hon cc cc nguyn t ho hc ( c nh)
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
1/n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2/Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Vit cu hnh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c
HS1: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Z = 19, Z = 25 v xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong
V tr : 19, Chu k 4, nhm IA
BTH
HS2: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
GV: Gi 2 HS ln bng
V tr : 25, Chu k 4, nhmVII B
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im.
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t bin i nh th no qua mi chu k v trong cng
mt nhm A ? Ta vo bi mi
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ca gio vin
Hot ng ca hc sinh
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
HS : Nghin cu SGK, tho
I. S bin i tun hon cu hnh
GV: Treo bng 5 (SGK) v
lun v tr li: u mi chu k electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn
yu cu hc sinh nhn xt v
l nguyn t c cu hnh
t:
cu hnh electron lp ngoi
electron nguyn t lp ngoi
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng
1
cng ca nguyn t cc
cng l ns v kt thc l
ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i
nguyn t trong cc nhm A
nguyn t c cu hnh electron tun hon sau mi chu k :
qua cc chu k?
lp ngoi cng l ns2 np6
ns1, ns2, ns2 np1, ns2 np2, ns2 np2,
HS: Ghi kt lun
ns2 np3, ns2 np4, ns2 np5, ns2 np6

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 44

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV hng dn HS kt lun
GV: Hy cho bit tnh cht
ca cc nguyn t bin i
nh th no qua cc chu k?
5

Hot ng 2: Tm hiu cu
hnh e lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t
nhm A.
GV: Nghin cu bng 5
SGK-Tr38, nhn xt cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t
nhm A? S th t ca nhm
c quan h nh th no vi
s electron ho tr?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Cu hnh electron lp
ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht
ca cc nguyn t. Nn tnh
cht ca nguyn t cng bin
i tun hon.

HS: Nghin cu SGK v tr li

nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun


hon tnh cht ho hc ca cc
nguyn t sau mi chu k theo chiu
tng ca in tch ht nhn.
II. Cu electron nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t nhm A.
1. Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A.
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm
A tng t nhau do tnh cht ho
hc ging nhau.
- S th t ca nhm A = s e lp
ngoi cng ( e ho tr)

HS: Tr li kt lun trong SGK

GV: Cho bit nguyn nhn


HS: STT nhm A cho bit s
ca s ging nhau v tnh cht electron lp ngoi cng
ho hc ca cc nguyn t
( e ho tr)
trong cng mt nhm A?
GV: STT nhm A cho bit
iu g?
GV b sung : Nhm A bao
gm cc nguyn t s ( IA,
IIA) v p (IIIA VIIIA)
15

Hot ng 3: Tm hiu mt
s nhm A tiu biu
GV: Treo bng 5 (tr 38).
GV: Yu cu HS c tn,
nhn xt cu hnh electron ca
cc nguyn t nhm VIII A
GV: Thng bo: Cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng ca
kh him l cu hnh bn
vng. Nn tng i tr v
mt ho hc. cn gi lkh
tr
GV: Yu cu HS c tn, k
hiu, nhn xt cu hnh

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

HS : Nghin cu SGK cn nm
c:
tn gi ca cc nguyn t, k
hiu ho hc, cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng, v tr
v tnh cht ho hc chung
ca cc nguyn t ca nguyn t
trong nhm VIIIA

HS: Nghin cu SGK v tr li

2. Mt s nhm A tiu biu


a. Nhm VIIIA l nhm kh him
- Gm cc nguyn t : He, Ne, Ar,
Kr, Xe, Rn.
_Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng:
ns2np6 (tr He)
- Tr v mt ha hc.
- Phn t ch gm mt nguyn t.

b/ Nhm IA l nhm kim loi kim


Gm: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
_ Cu hnh e : ns1.
_ C xu hng nhng 1e ion

Trang 45

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

electron ca cc nguyn t
nhm I A
GV: Cc nguyn t nhm IA
HS: C 1e ngoi cng : ns1.
c bao nhiu electron lp
ngoi cng . Hy vit cu hnh
electron tng qut?

dng: M M+ + 1e
Tnh cht: L kim loi in hnh
( kim loi kim)

HS: Thng bo : do c 1
electron lp ngoi cng nn
c khuynh hng nhng 1e
t n cu hnh bn vng
ca kh him. Chng l cc
kim loi in hnh.
GV: Yu cu HS cc tnh cht
chung ca kim loi.

GV: Yu cu HS c tn, k
hiu, nhn xt cu hnh
electron ca cc nguyn t
nhm VII A
GV: Cc nguyn t nhm
VIIA c bao nhiu electron
lp ngoi cng . Hy vit cu
hnh electron tng qut?
HS: Thng bo : do c 7
electron lp ngoi cng nn
c khuynh hng nhn 1e
t n cu hnh bn vng
ca kh him. Chng l cc
phi kim in hnh.
GV: Yu cu HS nu cc tnh
cht chung ca phi kim.

HS:+ Tc dng vi nc
baz + H2
+ Tc dng vi oxi oxit baz
+H O
2 dung dch baz (dung
dch kim).
+ Tc dng vi phi kim to
mui.
+ Trong cc hp cht c ho tr
1
HS: Nghin cu SGK v tr li

c/ Nhm VIIA l nhm halogen


- Gm cc nguyn t: F, Cl, Br, I, At
( phng x)
2
5
HS: C 7e lp ngoi cng : - C 7e lp ngoi cng : ns np
- C khuynh hng nhn 1e
ns2np5
ion m : X + 1e X- Tnh cht :l phi kim in hnh.
- Phn t gm 2 nguyn t :
F2, Cl2, Br2 , I2
HS: + Tc dng vi kim loi
mui
+ Tc dng vi hiro hp
cht kh tan trong nc to
dd axit.
+ Hiroxit ca cc halogen l
nhng axit (Vd : HClO, HClO3,
)
HS: Tho lun v hon thnh
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1e ho tr

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 46

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: Mt s nguyn t c cu
hnh electron ca nguyn t
nh sau :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
v tr : 11, chu k 3,
nhm IA
Tnh cht : l kim loi in
hnh
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 8e ho
tr

C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

v tr : 18, chu k 3,
nhm VIIIA
Tnh cht : Tr v mt ho
hc

a. Hy xc nh electron ho
tr ca tng nguyn t

C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 c 7e


ho tr

B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

b. Hy xc nh v tr ca n
v tr : 17, chu k 3,
trong BTH. Hy cho bit tnh nhm VIIA
cht ca cc nguyn t trn
4. Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7(SGK)
- Tm hiu bi 9
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................

Ngy son: 4/10/2010


Tit 16

Bi 9:

S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC


NGUYN T HA HC. NH LUT TUN HON

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 47

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I / MC TIU :
1/Kin thc
- Bit v gii thch c s bin i m in ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A.
- Hiu c quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A (da vo bn
knh nguyn t).
2/K nng
Da vo quy lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong mt chu k, mt nhm A c th,
th d s bin thin v :
- m in, bn knh nguyn t.
- Tnh kim loi, phi kim.
3/ Thi :
- HS lin h vi thc t cuc sng con ngi, trong thin nhin cng c din bin tun hon.
II / CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : Hnh 2.1 v bng 6 trong SGK.
2/ Hc sinh : Hc bi c v tm hiu bi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1/ n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2/ Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Mt nguyn t c Z = 19
a.Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
b. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t nguyn t
trong BTH?
c.Nguyn t l kim loi , phi kim hay kh
him? Hy cho bit tnh cht ca nguyn t
.

HS:
a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s1
b.
19
V tr
chu k: 4
Nhm VII A
c. Nguyn t l kim loi ( v c 1e lp ngoi
cng)
C tnh cht chung ca mt kim loi

3/Ging bi mi:
- Gi thiu bi:
Cc em bit s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch
ht nhn tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca nguyn t.Vy tnh cht ca
nguyn t bin i nh th no. Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng nghin cu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
5
Hot ng 1: Tm hiu tnh
kim loi, tnh phi kim
GV: Kim loi c bao nhiu
electron lp ngoi cng? t
n cu hnh bn vng ca kh
him chng c khuynh hng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS: C 1, 2, 3 e lp ngoi
cng nhng 1, 2, 3 e

Ni dung
I. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
Tnh kim loi l tnh d nhng e
ion dng
M Mn+ + ne
Tnh phi kim l tnh d nhn e

Trang 48

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

10

g?
GV: Tnh cht ny l tnh kim
loi. Vy th no l tnh kim
loi?
GV b sung :Nguyn t cng d
mt e tnh kim loi cng
mnh
GV: Ngc li l tnh phi kim?
GV b sung: Nguyn t cng d
nhn e tnh phi kim cng
mnh
GV: Cho bit ranh gii gia kim
loi v phi kim trong BTH l
ng dch dt in m. Pha phi
l nguyn t phi kim, pha tri l
kim loi.
Hot ng 2:
GV: Yu cu HS tm hiu SGK
Hy cho bit : Chu k 3, nguyn
t no c tnh kim loi mnh
nht? C tnh phi kim mnh
nht?
GV: Cho HS nhn xt v s bin
i tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim
trong chu k 3?
GV: Quy lut ny lp i lp li
i vi mi chu k
GV: Hng dn HS nhn xt
GV: Cho HS quan st hnh 2.1
SGK . Yu cu HS nhn xt s
bin i bn knh ca nguyn
t ?
GV gii thch: Trong mt chu k.
Khi i t tri sang phi, Z tng
dn , s lp electron nguyn t
bng nhau lc ht ca ht
nhn vi electron lp ngoi cng
tng ln khong cch gia ht
nhn vi electron lp ngoi cng
gim dn . Nn kh nng nhng
electron ca nguyn t gim v
kh nng thu e ca nguyn t
tng.
Hot ng 3:
GV: Yu cu HS tm hiu SGK
Hy cho bit: nhm IA, VIIA

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Tnh kim loi l tnh d


nhng e

thnh ion m.
M +ne Mn-

HS: Tnh phi kim l tnh d


nhn e

HS: Tip thu thng tin

HS: Na l kim loi mnh


nht v Cl l phi kim mnh
nht

HS: Tnh kim loi gim dn


v tnh phi kim mnh dn.

HS: Nhn xt
HS: Bn knh nguyn t
gim dn
HS: Tip thu thng tin

HS: + Cs c tnh kim loi


mnh nht
+ F c tnh phi kim mnh
nht

1. S bin i tnh cht trong mt


chu k
Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng
dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim
loi ca cc nguyn t yu dn, ng
thi tnh phi kim mnh dn
Gii thch:
Trong mi chu k : in tch ht
nhn tng, s lp electron nguyn t
bng nhau bn knh nguyn t
gim dn Kh nng d nhng e
gim dn, lm cho tnh kim loi yu
dn, ng thi kh nng thu thm e
tng dn nn tnh phi kim tng dn.
V d: Chu k 3
Tnh kim loi : Na> Mg>Al
Tnh phi kim : Cl>S>P>Si

2. S bin i tnh cht trong mt


nhm A
Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi
ca cc nguyn t mnh dn, ng
thi tnh phi kim yu dn
Gii thch:

Trang 49

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

nguyn t no c tnh kim loi


mnh nht ? c tnh phi kim
mnh nht?
GV: Pht biu qui lut bin i
tnh KL PK theo nhm?
GV: Gii thch
GV b sung: Nguyn t Cs c
bn knh nguyn t ln nht nn
d nhng e hn c kim loi
mnh nht. Nguyn t F c r nh
nht nn d nhn thm e phi
kim mnh nht
Hot ng 4:
GV: Nu khi nim m in
GV: m in c nh hng
g n tnh kim loi , tnh phi
kim ca mt nguyn t?
GV: Cho HS quan st bng 6
SGK. Yu cu nhn xt s bin
thin gi tr m in trong
mt chu k, trong mt nhm A
GV: Qui lut bin i m
in ph hp vi s bin i tnh
kim loi , phi kim trong mt chu
k, trong mt nhm A
Hot ng 2: Cng c
GV: hng dn HS gii bi tp
1,2 SGK

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Pht biu qui lut nh


SGK
HS: tip thu thng tin.

HS: Ghi khi nim


HS: m in cng ln
tnh phi kim cng mnh v
ngc li.

HS: Quan st v nhn xt.

HS tr li cc bi tp 1,2
SGK

Trong mt nhm A :
Z tng v s lp e tng nhanh bn
knh nguyn t tng nhanh nn kh
nng nhng e tng nn tnh kim
loi tng v kh nng nhn e gim
tnh kim loi gim
3. m in:
a. Khi nim:
- m in ca mt nguyn t c
trng cho kh nng ht electron ca
nguyn t khi hnh thnh lin kt
ho hc.
- m in cng ln tnh phi kim
cng mnh
- m in cng nh tnh kim loi
cng mnh
b. Bng m in: (SGK)
c. Qui lut :
- Trong mt chu k: gi tr m
in tng dn
- Trong mt nhm A: Ga tr m
in gim dn.
m in ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t nhm A bin i tun
hon theo chiu tng ca THN.
Kt lun:
Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc
nguyn t bin i tun hon theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.

4. Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,10,11(SGK)- Tm hiu phn tip theo bi hc
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 10/10/2010


Tit 17 .

Bi 9 :

S BIN I TUN HON TNH CHT CA CC


NGUYN T HA HC. NH LUT TUN HON

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 50

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I / MC TIU :
1/Kin thc
- Hiu c s bin i ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k.
- Bit c s bin i tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A.
- Hiu c ni dung nh lut tun hon.
2/K nng: Da vo quy lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong mt chu k, mt nhm A
c th, th d s bin thin v :
- Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t vi oxi v vi hiro.
- Cng thc ho hc v tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng.
3/ Thi : HS lin h vi thc t cuc sng con ngi, trong thin nhin cng c din bin tun hon.
II / CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : Bng tun hon, Bng 7 v bng 8 (SGK)
2/ Hc sinh : n li kin thc tit trc , gii cc bi tp giao .Tm hiu bi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1/n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh.
2/ Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Th no l tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim ? Nhng - Tnh kim loi l tnh d nhng e ion dng
tnh cht ny bin i nh th no trong mt
- Tnh phi kim l tnh d nhn e thnh ion m.
chu k v trong mt nhm A?
-Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t yu dn, ng thi
GV nhn xt v cho im.
tnh phi kim mnh dn
- Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t mnh dn, ng
thi tnh phi kim yu dn
3/Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Trong BTH tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. Vy
ho tr ca cc nguyn t c thay i theo qui lut no khng? Thnh phn v tnh cht ca hp cht cc nguyn
t bin i nh th no?
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
20 Hot ng 1:
II. Ho tr ca cc nguyn t
GV: Treo bng 7 (SGK) , yu cu HS: Quan st
1. Trong hp cht vi oxi:
HS quan st
VD: Trong chu k 3:
GV: Da vo bng 7 hy nhn
HS: Tho lun nhm v tr
Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3,
xt ho tr cao nht ca cc
li:Ho tr cao nht vi oxi
Cl2O7
nguyn t i vi oxi v qui lut
tng ln lt t 1 n 7
Trong hp cht vi oxi, ho tr
bin i ho tr theo chu k?
cao nht ca cc nguyn t tng t 1
GV hng dn HS vit cng thc
n 7
oxit tng qut ca cc nguyn t. HS: Tip thu thng tin
TQ: R2O, RO, R2O3 , RO2 ,
GV: Da vo bng 7 hy nhn
R2O3, RO3, R2O7
xt ho tr ca cc nguyn t
HS: Tho lun v trnh by
2.Trong hp cht vi hiro

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 51

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

trong hp cht vi hiro v qui


( cc phi kim)
lut bin i ho tr theo chu
VD: CH4 , NH3, H2O, HF
k?
HS: Ho tr ca cc phi kim
Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, ho
GV cho HS vit cng thc hp
trong hp cht vi hiro
tr ca cc nguyn t gim t 4 n 1
cht kh vi hiro tng qut
gim t 4 n 1
TQ: RH4, RH3, RH2, RH
GV: Da vo cc qui lut trn rt HS: Tho lun v trnh by
ra c kt lun g v s bin i HS: Qui lut trn c lp i
ho tr ca cc nguyn t?
lp li sau mi chu k bin
Hot ng 2:
i tun hon
GV: Treo bng 8 (SGK)
GV : gii thiu s bin i tnh
10 axit baz. T rt ra nhn xt
s bin i tnh axit baz ca cc
III. Oxit v hiroxit ca cc
oxit v hiroxit cc nguyn t
HS: Quan st bng 8 , tho
nguyn t nhm A
trong cng mt chu k ?
lun nhm v nhn xt
Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang
GV: B sung : Tnh cht c
phi theo chiu tng ca in tch
lp i lp li cc chu k Bin
ht nhn, tnh baz ca cc oxit v
i tun hon
hiroxit tng ng yu dn, ng
Hot ng 3:
thi tnh axit ca chng mnh dn.
GV: Trn c s kho st s bin
III. nh lut tun hon
i tun hon ca cu hnh
Ni dung:
electron nguyn t , bn knh
Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n
5
nguyn t , m in , tnh kim
cht , cng nh thnh phn v tnh
loi v tnh phi kim ca cc
cht cu cc hp cht to nn t cc
nguyn t ho hc , thnh phn
nguyn t bin i tun hon theo
v tnh cht cc hp cht ca
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn
chng , ta thy tnh cht ca cc
HS: Nu ni dung ca nh
nguyn t .
nguyn t ho hc bin i theo
lut tun hon
chiu Z+ tng dn nhng khng
lin tc m tun hon Ni
dung nh lut tun hon.
Hot ng 4: Cng c
HS: Do s bin i tun
3
GV: Yu cu HS cho bit nguyn hon cu hnh electron
nhn s bin i tun hon tnh
nguyn t ca nguyn t
cht cc nguyn t l g?
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 3, 6,12 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: ngha BTH
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
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Ngy son: 10/10/2010
Tit 18
Bi 10 :

NGHA CA BNG TUN HON


CC NGUYN T HO HC

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 52

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

I / MC TIU :
1. Kin thc
Hiu c :
Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to nguyn t, tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t
v ngc li.
2.K nng
T v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, suy ra :
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t.
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t .
- So snh tnh kim loi, phi kim ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
3. Thi :
Gip HS hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun quy lut.
II .CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp
2.Hc sinh : Tng kt v vn dng kin thc tm hiu ngha ca BTH cc nguyn t ho hc
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV nu cu hi : hy nu ni dung ca
HS tr li :
nh lut tun hon ?
Ni dung:
GV nhn xt v ghi im
Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht , cng nh
thnh phn v tnh cht cu cc hp cht to nn t
cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t .
3. Ging bi mi
- Gii thiu bi: V tr ca mt nguyn t trong BTH cho ta cc thng tin g v nguyn t ? Ngc li, khi bit
s hiu ca mt nguyn t ta c th suy ra v tr ca n trong BTH c khng? Ta tm hiu bi mi.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
10

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1: Tm hiu
quan h gia v tr v cu
to
GV cho HS nu li cc khi
nim chu k, nhm t rt
ra mi quan h gia v tr v
cu to ca cc nguyn t
cc nguyn t.
GV: Ly 2 v d : t v tr
suy ra cu to v ngc li t
cu to suy ra v tr.
GV: a ra phng hng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Hot ng ca HS
HS: Tho lun trn c s
khi nim chu k, nhm
rt ra c mi quan h
gia v tr v cu to

HS: Tho lun v tr li

Ni dung
I. QUAN H GIA V TR V
CU TO:
V tr NT cu to NT :
_ S th t ca nguyn t S p, s
e
_ S th t ca chu k S lp e
_ S th t ca nhm A S electron
lp ngoi cng.
TD1 : Bit nguyn t A c s th t l
13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA. Cho bit cu
to nguyn t, vit cu hnh e ?

Trang 53

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

15

10

gii quyt:
- T STT ca nguyn t
S p, s e
- T STTchu k S lp e
- T STT ca nhm A
S electron lp ngoi cng
GV: a ra phng hng
gii quyt:
- T cu hnh suy ra:
+ s e STT nguyn t
+ nguyn t s hoc p
thuc nhm A
+ S e ngoi cng STT
nhm
+ s lp e STT chu k.
Hot ng 2: Tm hiu
quan h gia v tr v
tnh cht ca nguyn t
GV t vn : Bit v tr
ca mt nguyn t trong
BTH c th suy ra nhng
tnh cht ho hc c bn
ca n c khng?
GV ra phng hng
gii quyt
GV: Hy cho bit nhng
nhm A no l kim loi ,
nhng nhm no l phi
kim?
GV b sung : ngoi ra khi
bit v tr c th xc nh :
+ Ho tr cao nht vi oxi
= STT nhm A
+ Ho tr trong hp cht
vi hiro
= 8 - STT nhm A
GV: Cho v d p dng: T
v tr ca Clo suy ra cc
tnh cht ca nguyn t
Hot ng 3: So snh tnh
cht ha hc ca mt
nguyn t vi cc nguyn
t ln cn :
GV t vn :Da vo qui
lut bin i tnh cht ca
cc nguyn t trong bng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Tr li :
- STT 13 Nguyn t c 13p, 13e
- Chu k 3 Nguyn t c 4 lp
electron
- Nhm IA C 3 electron lp
ngoi cng
Cu hnh e : 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p1
HS: Tho lun v tr li.
TD2: Bit cu hnh electron nguyn t
ca mt nguyn t B l:
1s2 2s2 2p63s23p64s1 . Xc nh v tr
ca B trong BTH :
Tr li :
+Tng s e l 19 th 19
+ 4 lp e Chu k 4
+ Nguyn t p thuc nhm
+ c 1e lp ngoi cng Nhm IA
II/ QUAN H GIA V TR V
TNH CHT CA NGUYN T :
Bit v tr mt nguyn t trong bng
tun hon, ta c th suy ra nhng tnh
cht ha hc c bn ca n :
_ Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim.
+ Cc nguyn t cc nhm IA, IIA,
IIIA c tnh kim lo (tr H, He v B)
+ Cc nguyn t cc nhm VA,
VIA, VIIA c tnh phi kim.( tr Sb, Bi
HS: tr li
v Po)
- Ha tr cao nht ca nguyn t trong
hp cht vi oxi Cng thc oxit
cao nht.
- Ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp
cht vi hiro Cng thc hp
cht kh vi hiro (nu c)
_ Cng thc hiroxit tng ng (nu
c) v tnh axit hay baz ca chng.
VD: Nguyn t S th 16, nhm
VIA, chu k 3. Suy ra:
- S nhm VIA , l phi kim
- Ho tr cao nht vi oxi l 6
HS: Tho lun
cng thc oxit : SO3
- Ho tr vi hiro l 2 cng
thc H2s
- SO3 l oxit axit, H2SO4 l axit
HS: Tr li
mnh
Trong mi chu k :
III/
SO
SNH TNH CHT HA
+ chiu tng dn Z+ : tnh

Trang 54

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

tun hon c th so snh tnh


cht ha hc ca mt nguyn
t vi cc nguyn t ln cn
c khng ?
GV: Yu cu HS nhc li
qui lut bin i tnh cht
ca cc nguyn t trong
mt chu k, mt nhm A
GV: Cho v d p dn
Hot ng 4: Cng c
GV: Nhn mnh phng
hng chung gii quyt
3 vn mi hc

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
KL gim dn, tnh PK tng
dn.
+ Oxit v hiroxit c tnh
baz yu dn, tnh axit
mnh dn
Trong mt nhm A :
chiu tng dn Z+, tnh KL
tng dn, tnh PK gim
dn.
HS: Vn dng qui lut
bin i tnh cht trong
mt chu k v trong mt
nhm A tr li
HS: h thng ho li cc
kin thc va hc

HC CA MT NGUYN T
VI CC NGUYN T LN
CN :
TD1 :
P(Z=15)viSi(Z=14v S(Z=16)
P(Z=15)vi N(Z=7) v As(Z=33)
_ Si, P, S thuc cng mt chu k =>
theo chiu tng ca Z => tnh PK tng
dn Si < P < S
_ N, P, As thuc cng nhm A =>
theo chiu tng ca Z => tnh PK gim
dn : As < P < N
Vy P c tnh phi kim yu hn N v S
hiroxit ca n l H3PO4 c tnh axit
yu hn HNO3 v H2SO4.
TD2: So snh tnh kim loi ca Mg
vi Na, Al, Be, Ca.
- Trong mt chu k : Na > Mg > Al
- Trong mt nhm A : Be < Mg <Ca

4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 17 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n li kin thc v gii cc bi tp tit sau luyn tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 18/10/2010


Tit: 19

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 55

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Bi 11:

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

LUYN TP CHNG 2

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- Cu to BTH, nh lut tun hon.
2 . K nng:
Rn luyn k nng :
- S dng BTH nghin cu s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t , tnh
kim loi, tnh phi kim, bn knh nguyn t , m in v ho tr.
- T v tr nguyn t suy ra tnh cht , cu to nguyn t v ngc li
3. Thi :
- Bit tm quan trng ca BTH cc NTHH.
- Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1p ,) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta cng luyn tp
- tin trnh bi dy:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 56

TG
5

Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1

Hot ng ca HS

Yu cu
HS tr
li nhng
cu hi:
Trng
THPT
Phan
Bi Chu
HS : Tho lun nhm v sau
BTH xy dng trn ng/tc no? mi nhm s tr li mt
4. Dnd:BTH
( 1) C cu to ntn? Bao cu hi

Ni dung
. Kin thc cn nm vng
1. Cu to BTH cc nguyn t
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
ho hc

nhiu chu k? Bao nhiu nhm?


Nu c im cu to nguyn t
ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu
k, mt nhm?
GV : Gi cc nhm khc nhn xt
v b sung
30

Hot ng 2 :
GV : La chn bi tp HS
luyn tp
GV : Nu ni dung bi tp s 2
SGK ln bng :Tm pht biu sai
trong nhng cu di y ?
A. Trong chu k , cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu in tch
ht nhn tng dn.
B. Trong chu k , cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu s hiu
nguyn t tng dn.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
trong cng mt chu k c s
electron bng nhau.
D. Chu k bao gi cng bt u l
mt kim loi kim, cui cng l
mt kh him ( tr chu k 1 v chu
k 7 cha hon thnh)
GV cho HS tho lun v tr li
Bi 2 :
Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3,
nhm VIA trong BTH .
a. Nguyn t ca nguyn t c
bao nhiu electron lp ngoi
cng ?
b. Cc electron ngoi cng lp
electron no ?
c. Vit s electron tng lp
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin
electron ?
GV cho HS tho lun v i din
ln bng trnh by

Bi tp :
Bi 1
p n C
HS : Tho lun 1 pht
Cu C

HS : Tho lun v i din


ln bng trnh by

Bi 2 :
a. V nhm VIA nn c 6 e lp
ngoi cng
b. V chu k 3 c 3 lp
electron cc electron lp ngoi
cng lp th 3
c. S e tng lp l : 2, 8, 6

Trang 57
0,336
02,6
.100 %
n
22 ,4 H 0
015
R
2
2 ,+

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp trong SGK


- Tm hiu bi : n li cc kin thc c bn chng 2 tip theo
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................

Ngy son: 18/10/2010


Tit: 20

Bi dy:

LUYN TP CHNG 2 (tt)

I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t
- S bin i tun hon tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, bn knh nguyn t , v gi tr m in.
- nh lut tun hon
2 . K nng:
- Rn luyn k nng s dng bng tun hon : T v tr ca nguyn t suy ra tnh cht, cu to nguyn t
v ngc li
3. Thi :
- Bit tm quan trng ca BTH cc NTHH.
- Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta cng luyn tp
- tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 58

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


10

Hot ng 1:
GV: Hy nu qui lut bin i
s electron lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t cc nguyn t
trong mt chu k?
GV: Da vo BTH hy nhn
xt:
- S bin thin tun hon tnh
kim loi, tnh phi kim, bn knh
nguyn t , Gi tr m in
qua tng chu k theo chiu in
tch ht nhn tng dn.?
GV: Sau khi HS tho lun
xong GV Pht phiu hc tp:
Hy in cc thng tin vo
bng :
Chu k

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: S electron lp ngoi


cng tng t 1 n 8
bin i tun hon

2. S bin i tun hon


a. Cu hnh electron nguyn t
b. Tnh cht

HS: Tho lun v tr li

HS: Tho lun v din cc


thng tin vo bng.

Nhm A

30

( Chiu mi tn l chiu tng


dn )
GV: Yu cu HS nu ni dung
ca nh lut tun hon.
GV: Hng dn HS vn dng
cc qui lut trn gii bi tp
Hot ng 2:
GV: La chn bi tp HS
luyn tp
Bi 1:
Trong BTH nhng yu t no
sau y bin i tun hon?
a. Bn knh nguyn t
b. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
c. S lp electron
d. m in
e. S electron lp ngoi cng
f. Ho tr cao nht ca
nguyn t i vi oxi
g. Tnh axit baz ca cc
oxit v hiroxit.

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

HS: Tho lun v tr li

3. nh lut tun hon


. Bi tp
Bi 1:
p n : a, b, d, e, g, h

HS: nu ni dung ca nh
lut tun hon.

HS: Tr li:
a, b, d, e, g, h

Trang 59

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV: Yu cu HS tr li
Bi 2: Hai nguyn t A, B
ng k nhau trong mt chu k
ca BTH c tng s n v
in tch ht nhn l 25.
a. Hy vit cu hnh electron
nguyn t v xc nh v tr
ca chng trong BTH.
b. So snh tnh cht ho hc
ca chng.
GV hng dn HS:
- Hai nguyn t ng k nhau
trong mt chu k , gi tr Z hn
k m bao nhiu n v?
GV: Nu ZA < ZB . Hy xc
nh mi quan h gia ZA v
ZB ?
- Theo ton : tng s n v
in tch ht nhn l 25. Hy
vit biu thc tng ng ZA
v ZB ?
- T gi tr Z , hy vit cu
hnh electron v xc nh v
tr?
- Hy so snh tnh kim loi ca
chng?
GV: Nu bi tp 3
Bi 3:
Tng s ht proton , ntron,
electron ca nguyn t mt
nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA l
28
A.Tnh nguyn t khi
B. Vit cu hnh electron
nguyn t ca nguyn t .
GV cho HS tho lun v c i
din ln bng lm
GV cho HS khc nhn xt
GV b sung v cho im.

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: hn km nhau mt
n v
HS:
Nu ZA < ZB
th ZB = ZA+1
HS: Theo ton:
ZA + ZB = 2 ZA + 1 = 25
ZA = 12, ZB = 13

Bi 2:
Gi ZA l s n v in tch ht nhn
ca A
Gi ZB l s n v in tch ht nhn
ca B
Gi s ZA < ZB
V A, B ng k nhau trong mt chu
k nn : ZB = ZA + 1
Theo ton:
ZA + ZB = 2 ZA + 1 = 25
ZA = 12, ZB = 13
Cu hnh electron nguyn t :
A( Z = 12) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
V tr : 12, chu k 3, nhm IIA
B( Z = 13) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
V tr : 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA
A, B thuc cng chu k A c
tnh kim loi mnh hn B.
Bi 3:
Z + N + E = 28 V Z = E
nn 2Z + N = 28
T nguyn t s 2 n 82 trong bng
tun hon th :
1

HS tho lun v gii trong


bng hc nhm

N
1,5 Z N 1,5Z
Z

Z N ; 2Z + N = 28 N = 28
2Z nn
2Z + Z 28 Z 9,3
N 1,5Z ; N = 28 2Z
nn 28 -2Z 1,5Z hay 28 3,5Z
Z 8
V Z nguyn dng nn trong khong
8 Z 9,3 , ta chn
Z = 8 1s2 2s22p4 nhm VIA
(loi)
Z = 9 1s2 2s22p5 nhm VIIA
N = 28 2Z = 28 2.9 = 10
Vy nguyn t khi :
A= 9 + 10= 19
Nguyn t l Flo
Cu hnh electron nguyn t :

Trang 60

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


Bi 4 : hy sp xp cc nguyn
t sau theo th t .gii thch ?
a. Tnh kim loi tng dn: Na ,
Mg , Al , Si ,P ,K.
b. Tnh phi kim gim dn : As,
Se , Br , Cl, F.
GV gi : Vn dng quy lut
bin i tnh cht ca cc
nguyn t trong mt chu k v
trong mt nhm A.
GV gi HS ln bng lm
.GV nhn xt v cho im.
3

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
1s2 2s22p5

HS ln bng lm.

Bi 4 :
a. Tnh kim loi tng dn theo th t:
P, Si, Al, Mg, Na, K
*Gii thch: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P thuc
mt chu k, tnh kim loi yu dn ;
Na, K thuc mt nhm A , Tnh kim
loi mnh dn.
b. Tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t:
F, Cl, Br, Se, As
*Gii thch:
- F, Cl, Br thuc mt nhm A nn
tnh phi kim yu dn.
- Se, As, Br thuc mt chu k , nn
tnh phi kim mnh dn

Hot ng 3 : Cng c
GV : cho HS nhc li cc quy
HS nhc li cc quy lut
lut bin i tun hon tnh
bin i tun hon tnh
cht cc nguyn t ho hc
cht cc nguyn t ho hc
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh:2.34, 2.40, 2.35, 2.45 (SBT)
- Tm hiu bi : n li cc kin thc c bn chng 2 kim tra 1 tit
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 61

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 24/10/2010


Tit :21

KIM TRA 1 TIT


I.MC CH YU CU:
1. Kin thc :Nhm nh gi kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng 2: Cu
to BTH cc NTHH, s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t
2.K nng:Xc nh cu to nguyn t, v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH v so snh tnh cht ca mt
nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
3. Thi :Hc sinh t h thng kin thc ca chng v nh gi c kt qu hc tp ca mnh.
II. CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : kim tra, p n v biu im
2.Hc sinh: n tp cc kin thc trng tm ca chng.
III. HOT NG :
1.n nh tnh hnh lp : Kim tra s s lp, nhc nh HS nghim tc v trung thc khi lm bi
2.Pht kim tra :
KIM TRA
101:
A. Trc nghim( 5 im)
Hy khoanh trn vo mt trong cc ch ci A, B, C, D ng trc phng n m em cho l ng.
I. Phn trc nghim (5 im):
1. Nguyn t nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t l: Z = 7. Nguyn t X thuc th:
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
2. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 3, nhm IA. Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron l:
A. 1s22s22p43p3
B. 1s22s22p53s2
C. 1s22s22p63s1
D. 1s22s22p6
3. Dy nguyn t no sau y c xp theo chiu tng dn ca bn knh nguyn t:
A. Na, K, Li, Rb, Cs B. Na, K, Rb, Li, Cs
C. Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li
D. Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 62

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

4. S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, B ln lt l 7, 19, 20. Nhn xt no sau y ng?


A. X, A thuc chu k 3
B. C 4 nguyn t trn cng thuc 1 chu k
C. A, B thuc chu k 4
D. B thuc chu k 3
5. Dy nguyn t no sau y c xp theo chiu tng dn ca tnh phi kim:
A. Si, Cl, S, P
B.Si, S, Cl, P
C. Cl, Si, P, S
D. Si, P,S, Cl
6. Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht n cht ca cc nguyn t trong BTH th:
A. Phi kim mnh nht l iot
B. Phi kim mnh nht l flo
C. Kim loi mnh nht l liti
D. Kim loi yu nht l Xesi
7. Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron nh sau :
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1.
V tr ca X trong bng tun hon l :
A. 25, chu k 3, nhm IA.
B. 24, chu k 4, nhm VIB.
C. 23, chu k 4, nhm VIA.
D. 24, chu k 4, nhm VB.
8. Tm cu sai trong cc cu sau y
A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c s lp electron bng nhau
B. Trong chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c s electron bng nhau
D. Trong chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu s hiu nguyn t tng dn
9. Cho 2 nguyn t A ( Z = 13 ); B ( Z = 16 ). Nhn xt no sau y sai:
A. m in ca A > B
B. Bn knh nguyn t A > B
C. Tnh kim loi A > B
D. Tnh phi kim B > A
10. T cu hnh eletron c th suy ra:
A. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca 1 nguyn t
B. Ho tr cao nht vi oxi hay vi hir
C. V tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon
D. Tt c u ng.
11. Nguyn t ho hc no sau y c tnh cht ho hc tng t Natri?
A. Kali

B. Nit

C. Oxi

D. St

12. Nguyn t M thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIA ca bng tun hon. Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht
vi hidro ca nguyn t M l cng thc no sau y:
A. M2O3 v MH3
B. tt c u sai.
C. MO3 v MH2
D. M2O7 v MH
13. Cc nguyn t xp chu k 6 c s lp electron trong nguyn t l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 6
14. Tnh cht no bin i tun hon:
A. Ho tr cao nht i vi oxi
B. S lp electron
C. Khi lng nguyn t
D. S electron v nguyn t
15. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca nguyn t M l MH2. Cng thc oxit cao nht ca M l
A. M2O

B. M2O5

C. M2O3

D. MO3

16. Hirxit no l baz mnh nht:


A. Al(OH)3
B. Be(OH)2
C. Mg(OH)2
D. NaOH
17. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t (tr Franxi) th: Nguyn t c tnh kim loi mnh nht l:
A. Liti (Li)
B. St (Fe)
C. Xesi (Cs)
D. Hir (H)
18.Cc nguyn t nhm IVA c :
A. S e lp ngoi cng l 4 B. S lp e l 4
C.S phn lp e l 4 D. S e l 4

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 63

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

19. Cc nguyn t trong cng 1 nhm A c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau v v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
nhm A c:
A. S e nh nhau
B. S lp e nh nhau
C. S e lp ngoi cng nh nhau
D.Cng s phn lp e
20.Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, s chu k nh v chu k ln l :
A. 3 v 3.
B. 3 v 4.
C. 4 v 4.
D. 4 v 3.
B. T lun ( 5 im)
Cu 1 (2 im)
Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c cu hnh electron l :1s22s22p63s23p3 . Hy:
a. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t R trong BTH.
b. Xc nh tnh cht ca R :
- L kim loi hay phi kim ? Gii thch ?
- Xc nh ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi v vi hiro
- Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hiro.
- Vit cng thc hiroxit tng ng v cho bit tnh cht ca n
Cu 2 ( 3 im)
Khi cho 3,6 g mt kim loi M thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi 360ml dung dch HCl d , thu c 3,36 lt kh hiro
(ktc).
a.Xc nh tn kim loi.
b.Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl dng, bit lng axit ly d 20% so vi lng phn ng.
( Cho H = 1 ; Mg = 24 ; Cl = 35,5 ; Ca = 40, Ba = 137)
c. So snh tnh cht ha hc ca M vi Be, Na, Al, Ca.
( cho Be (Z = 4), Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12), Al( Z = 12), Ca(Z =20), Ka ( Z =19) )
P N BIU IM
A.Trc nghim : ( 5 im)
Mi la chn ng c 0,25 im
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
C
D
B
C
A

7
B

8
D

9
D

10
A

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
A D C D B A D B D

B. T lun : ( 5 im)
Cu 1
a. V tr ca R: th 15, Chu k 3, Nhm VA
b. Tnh cht ca R :
- Nguyn t R l phi kim v c 5e lp ngoi cng
- Ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi v hiro ln lt l 5 v 3
- Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hiro l : R2O3, RH3
- Cng thc hiroxit : H4RO4 l axit mnh
Cu 2
a. PTHH: M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2 (1)

20
C

2
1
1

3
0,5

3,36

nH2 = 22 ,4 = 0,15 (mol)


Theo (1) : nM = nH2 = 0,15 (mol)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

0,25

Trang 64

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
3,6

khi lng mol ca M l : M = 0,15 = 24 (g/mol)


Vy M l Mg
b. Theo ptp : nHCl (p) = 2nM = 0,15x2 = 0,3 (mol)
Mt khc, lng axit ly d 20% so vi lng phn ng, nn
nHCl d =

20
x 0,3 = 0,06 (mol)
100

nHCl dng = 0,3 + 0,06 = 0,36 (mol)


0,36

CM (HCl) = 0,36 = 1 (mol/l)


c. Be < Mg < Ca
Na > Mg > Al

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5

3. Thu bi, nhc nh, dn d hc sinh


IV.KT QU :
Lp
S s
Gii
Kh
TB
Yu
Km
10A2
30
2
3
15
10
0
V. NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM :
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 65

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 25/10/2010


Tit 22

LIN KT HO HC

Chng 3:
Bi 12:

LIN KT ION - TINH TH


ION

I / MC TIU :
1. Kin thc :
Nhm nh gi kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng 2: Cu to BTH cc NTHH, s
bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t
2.K nng:
Xc nh cu to nguyn t, v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH v so snh tnh cht ca mt nguyn t vi cc
nguyn t ln cn.
3.Thi : HS t nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
II / CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Hnh v trang 56, 57 (SGK) v s hnh thnh ion Li+ v F- Hnh v 2.1 (SGK).
2/ Hc sinh : n tp mt s nhm A tiu biu v cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t .
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (Khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Ion l g? Khi no nguyn t bin thnh ion? C my loi ion?
Lin kt ion c hnh thnh nh th no? Lin kt ion nh hng nh th no n tnh cht ca cc hp
cht ion. Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
I. S HNH THNH ION,

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 66

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


10

Hot ng 1:
GV: Vit cu hnh electron
23
nguyn t11 Na v xc
nh s ht p, e
Xem Na c trung ho in
khng?
GV: Na c bao nhiu
electron lp ngoi cng?
t n cu hnh bn
vng ca kh him Na c
khuynh hng g?
GV: Nu nguyn t Na
nhng 1e , tnh in tch
cn li ca nguyn t ?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Tho lun v tr li:


- Cu hnh electron 23 Na
11
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Na c11p mang intch11+
11e mang in tch11 nguyn t Na trung ho
v in
HS: Na c1 electron lp
ngoi cng nhng 1e
lp ngoi cng.
HS: Nu Na nhng 1e, in

CATION, ANION
1.S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion
a. S to thnh Ion:
Nguyn t trung ho v in
(s p = s e) nn khi nhng hay
nhn e, nguyn t tr thnh phn t
mang in gi l ion.

tch cn li ca nguyn t :
C 11p mang in tch 11+

GV: Khng nh phn t


mang in ny gi l ion,
k hiu ion Na+
GV: hng dn HS kt
lun
Hot ng 2:
GV t vn : Khi
nguyn t Na nhng 1e :
cu hnh electron Na+
ging nguyn t no?
GV: Dn dt vn :
Trong cc phn ng ho
hc , t n cu hnh
bn vng ca kh him ,
nguyn t kim loi c
kguynh hng nhng e
ion dng gi l cation.
GV: Yu cu HS vit cu
hnh electron ca 3Li?
GV: Biu din s to
thnh ion Li+?
GV: Treo s nhng
electron ca Li trang 56
SGK
GV: Lu v cho v d ,
yu cu HS vit s to
thnh cc ion Na+, Mg2+,
Al3+?
Hot ng 3:
GV: Cc phi kim c bao

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

C 10e mang in tch 10in

tch

cn

li

ca

nguyn t l 1+
b. S to thnh cation
- Khi nguyn t kim loi nhng
ging nguyn t ging kh electron s tr thnh phn t mang
in dng gi l ion dng (cation)
him gn nht l Ne
TQ: M Mn+ + ne
- Tn gi ion dng :
Cation + tn kim loi
VD:
Na Na+ + 1e
2
1
HS: 3Li : 1s 2s
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Al Al3+ + 3e
2
1
2
HS: 1s 2s 1s + 1e
Li
Li+
HS: cu hnh electron Na+

HS: Tho lun v tr li:


Na Na+ + 1e
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Al Al3+ + 3e
HS: Cc phi kim c 5,6,7 e
lp ngoi cng. t cu
hnh ca kh him, chng

c. S to thnh Anion
- Khi nguyn t phi kim nhn
electron s tr thnh phn t mang
in m gi l ion m (Anion)
TQ: A + ne An- Tn gi ion m :
anion + tn gc axit
V d:
F + 1e
F-

Trang 67

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

nhiu electron lp ngoi


cng? t cu hnh ca
kh him, chng c khuynh
hng g?
GV kt lun : Khi cc
nguyn t phi kim nhn
electron s tr thnh phn
t mang in m nn gi l
ion m
GV: Ly v d v phn tch
GV: Hy vit cu hnh
electron ca 9F? V cho
bit n c khuynh hng
g khi tham gia phn ng
ho hc?
GV: Hy vit s
nhng electron ca F?
GV: Treo s nhn
electron ca F trang 56
SGK v gii thch
GV: Lu v yu cu HS
vit qu trnh to thnh cc
ion sau: Cl-, O2- v gi tn.
Hot ng 4:
GV: Yu cu HS nghin
cu SGK v cho bit th
no l ion n nguyn t
v ion a nguyn t ? Cho
v d?
Hot ng 5:
GV: Phn tch v d Na
chy trong Clo
GV: Yu cu HS quan st
hnh v trang 58 SGK biu
din phn ng ca Na v
Clo v gii thch s to
thnh phn t NaCl?
GV: Biu din PTHH
GV: Lin kt trong phn t
NaCl gi l lin kt ion .
vy th no l lin kt ion?
GV ch HS: Lin kt ion
ch c to thnh bi KL
in hnh v phi kim im
hnh

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
c khuynh hng nhn
1,2.3 e
vo lp ngoi cng.
HS: Ghi kt lun

(anion florua)
Cl + 1e Cl- (anion clorua)
O + 2e O2- (anion oxit)

HS: 9F :1s2 2s2 2p5


Nhn thm 1e

HS:
1s2 2s2 2p5 + 1e 1s2 2s2 2p6
F(2,7)
F- (2,8)

HS: Tr li
HS: Nghin cu SGK v
tr li.

HS:
- Na nhng 1e cho
nguyn t clo tr thnh
ion Na+ cn clo nhn 1e
tr thnh ion Cl- Hai ion Na+ v Cl- mang
in tch tri du ht nhau
bng lc ht tnh in
NaCl
HS: Tr li.

2. Ion n nguyn t v ion a


nguyn t
a. Ion n nguyn t :
l cc ion to nn t mt nguyn t
VD: Li+, Na+, Cl-.
b. Ion a nguyn t :
L nhng nhm nguyn t mang
in tch ng hay m
VD: NH4+, OH-, SO42-
II. S TO THNH LIN KT
ION
Xt phn ng : t Na trong kh Cl2
1e
Na + Cl Na+ + Cl(2,8,1) (2,8,7) (2,8)
(2,8,8)
+
Lin kt gia Na v Cl- l lin kt
ion NaCl
PTHH:
1e

2Na + Cl2 2NaCl


Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh
thnh bi lc ht tnh in gia cc ion
mang in tch tri du.
III. TINH TH ION
1. Tinh th NaCl:

Trang 68

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Hot ng 6:
- C cu trc lp phng: cc ion Na+
GV: Treo bng v tinh th
v Cl- phn b lun phin , u n
cion NaCl v m t mng
trn cc nh ca cc hnh lp phng.
tinh th ion.
2. Tnh cht chung:
GV: Cng tho lun vi
- Tinh th bn
HS v tnh cht ca mui
- Kh rn, kh nng chy, kh bay hi,
n nh: bn, nhit
tan nhiu trong nc dung dch dn
nng chy v tnh dn in
in.
tnh cht chung ca tinh
th ion.
3
Hot ng7: Cng c
GV: t cu hnh bn
HS: - Nguyn t kim loi
vng ca kh him cc
d nhng e ion dng
nguyn t kim loi phi kim
- Nguyn t phi kim d
c khuynh hng g i
nhng e ion m
vi electron lp ngoi
cng ca mnh?
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6( SGK)
- Chun b bi: Lin kt cng ho tr
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
5

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 69

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 1/1/2010


Tit 23

Bi 13 :

LIN KT CNG HO TR

I . MC TIU :
1. Kin thc:
Bit c:
- nh ngha lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cng ho tr khng cc (H 2, O2), lin kt cng ho tr c cc hay phn
cc (HCl, CO2).
2. K nng:
Vit c cng thc electron, cng thc cu to ca mt s phn t c th.
3.Thi :
HS t nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
- Bng lit k cc c im trong phn t H2 v HCl
- Bng cu hnh e ca mt s nguyn t.
2.Hc sinh : n li cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Th no l lin kt ion ? Biu din s hnh
Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh bi
thnh lin kt ion trong phn t NaCl ?
lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tch tri
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im.
du.
1e
Na +
Cl Na+ + Cl- NaCl
(2,8,1) (2,8,7) (2,8)
(2,8,8)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 70

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Lin kt gia kim loi vi phi kim l lin kt gia ion. Vy lin kt gia cc phi kim l lin kt g? Bi hc
hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 71

TG

Hot ng ca GV
GV treo bng cu hnh e ca
mt s nguyn t.
Trng
THPT
Phan Bi Chu
10 * Hot
ng1
GV: - Hy quan st cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t H v
nguyn t He
- So snh cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t H vi cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t He (kh
him gn nht)
GV : Do vy 2 nguyn t
hiro lin kt vi nhau bng
cch mi nguyn t H gp 1
electron to thnh 1 cp
electron chung trong phn t
H2 . Nh th, trong phn t H2
mi nguyn t c 2 electron
ging v electron ca nguyn
t kh him heli
H + H H : H
GV b sung 1 s quy c
GV: - Gia 2 nguyn t hiro
c 1 cp electron lin kt biu
th bng () , l lin kt n
5
Hot ng 2:
GV : Quan st cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t N v
nguyn t Ne ?
GV: So snh cu hnh electron
ca nguyn t N vi cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t Ne l
kh him gn nht c lp v
electron bn th lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t N cn thiu my
electron ?
GV: t cu hnh electron
bn vng ca kh him gn
nht (Ne), mi nguyn t N
phi gp chung bao nhiu e?
GV yu cu 1 HS biu din
cng thc electron v cng
thc cu to phn t N2
GV b sung: Lin kt ba trong
phn t N2 rt bn nn
nhit thng, kh nit rt
bn, km hot ng
5
Hot ng 3
GV gii thiu : Lin kt c
to thnh trong phn t H2 , N2
va trnh by trn c gi
l lin kt cng ho tr. Vy
th no l lin kt CHT?
GVGV:
Nguyn
Th Thu Hin
Lin kt trong cc phn
t H2 , N2 to nn t 2 nguyn
t ca cng 1 nguyn t (c
m in nh nhau) , nn cp

Hot ng ca HS

HS: H cn thiu 1e th t
cu hnh kh him He

Ni dung
I. S HNH THNH LIN KT
CNG HO TR
Banthnh
c bn
1/ Lin ktGio
cng n
ho10
trhnh
gia cc nguyn t ging nhau . S
hnh thnh n cht.
a. S hnh thnh phn t hiro
Mi nguyn t H gp 1e to thnh
mt cp electron chung trong phn t
H2
H + H H : H
H H H2
- H : H c gi l cng thc
electron
- H H gi l cng thc cu to

HS: Ghi qui c

b) S hnh thnh phn t N2

HS : Thiu 3 electron

Mi nguyn t N gp chung 3e to
thnh phn t N2

: N: + : N : : N
N:

:N N:

N N
(Cng thc e)
( CTCT )

HS:
t cu hnh electron bn
vng ca kh him gn nht
(Ne), mi nguyn t N phi
gp chung 3e
HS tr li

HS: Tr li

c) Khi nim lin kt cng ho tr


- Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt
c to nn gia 2 nguyn t bng 1
hay nhiu cp electron dng chung
- Lin kt cng ho tr khng
cc cp
Trang
72
eletron chung khng b lch v pha
nguyn t no

C l

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Bi tp v nh: 1,2,3,4 SGK


- Tm hiu phn bi hc tip theo.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

Ngy son: 1/11/2010


Tit 24

Bi 13 :

LIN KT CNG HO TR (tt)

I . MC TIU :
1. Kin thc:
Bit c:
- Mi lin h gia hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t v bn cht lin kt ho hc gia 2 nguyn t trong hp
cht.
- Tnh cht chung ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr.
- Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc v lin kt ion.
2. K nng:
- D on c kiu lin kt ho hc c th c trong phn t gm 2 nguyn t khi bit hiu m in ca
chng.
- .
3.Thi :
HS t nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Bng phn loi lin kt ho hc da vo hiu m in.
2.Hc sinh : Hc bi c, tm hiu bi mi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 73

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh


2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
1. Trnh by khi nim lin kt CHT, Lin kt
N: Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt c to nn gia 2
CHT c cc v khng cc? Cho v d?
nguyn t bng 1 hay nhiu cp electron dng chung
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im.
V d : Lin kt CHT c cc: HCl, CO2
Lin kt CHT khng cc : H2, N2
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Cc em tm hiu v s hnh thnh cc cng ho tr. Vy nhng cht ny s c tnh cht chung g? Bi hc
hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 74

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


TG
Hot ng ca GV
4.
Dn
d:
(
1) 1:
10 Hot ng
GV: Yu cu HS tr li
phiu hc tp sau:
+ Trong cc cht: ng, lu
hunh, iot, ru etylic, nc.
Nhng cht no c lin kt
CHT khng cc? c cc?
+ Nc l dung mi c cc
c th ho tan c ........
+ Benzen, tetraclo cacbon l
dung mi khng cc c th
ho tan c.......................
GV b sung : Ni chung cc
cht c lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc khng dn in
mi trng thi
10 Hot ng 2:
GV: Lin kt trong phn t
Cl2 thuc loi lin kt no?
Gii thch?
GV: Lin kt trong phn t
HCl thuc loi lin kt no?
Gii thch?
GV t vn : Khi tan trong
nc cp electron chung b
lch hn v pha nguyn t
clo v to ra ion H+, Cl- . Khi
lin kt thuc loi no?
GV b sung : Nh vy lin
kt CHT c cc nm trung
gian gia CHT khng cc v
lin kt ion. S phn loi ch
c tnh tng i.
Hot ng 3:
10 GV t vn :* xc
nh kiu lin kt trong phn
t hp cht , ngi ta da
vo hiu m in
GV: Yu cu HS tm hiu
SGK v nu qui c phn
loi tng i cc loi lin
kt ho hc .
GV hng dn HS vn dng
bng phn loi lin kt trn
lm cc th d trong SGK
8
Hot ng 4: Cng c
GV: Da vo hiu m
ca cc
t , hy
GV in
Nguyn
Thnguyn
Thu Hin
cho bit loi lin kt trong
cc cht sau y: AlCl3,
CaCl2, CaS, Al2S3.

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Hot ng ca HS
HS: Tho lun nhm v
tr li :
- HS:
+ Lin kt CHT khng cc:
Lu hunh, iot.
+ Lin kt CHT c cc:
ru etylic, nc, ng.
in vo ch trng cc t :
+ ru etylic, ng.
+ Lu hunh, iot.

HS : Tho lun v tr
li :
+ Cl2 : CHT khng cc.
V cp electron chung
khng b lch v pha
nguyn t no
+ HCl : CHT c cc .V
cp electron chung b ht
lch v pha nguyn t
Clo
HS : Lin kt ion

Ni dung
3/ Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt
cng ho tr
Trng thi :
- Cc cht rn : ng , lu hunh , iot...
- Cc cht lng : nc , ru , xng , du
- Cc cht kh : kh cacbonic , kh clo ,
kh hidro
Tnh tan :
Cc cht c cc tan nhiu trong dung
mi c cc nh nc
Phn ln cc cht khng cc tan trong
dung mi khng cc nh benzen , CCl4..
III/ M IN V LIN KT
HO HC
1/ Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc
v lin kt ion
- Trong phn t, nu cp electron chung
gia 2 nguyn t lin kt ta c lin kt
cng ho tr khng cc
- Nu cp electron chung lch v 1
nguyn t (c gi tr m in ln
hn) th l lin kt cng ho tr c
cc
- Nu cp electron chung lch hn v 1
nguyn t , ta s c lin kt ion
2/ Hiu m in v lin kt ho hc
Hiu m in
( )
0 ( ) <
0,4
0,4 ( ) <
1,7

Loi lin kt
Lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc
Lin kt cng ho tr c
cc
Lin kt ion

( ) 1,7

HS : Tm hiu SGK v
tr li.
HS :
Phn t

Loi

LK

CaCl2
AlCl3
CaS
Al2S3

2.16
ion
1,55 CHT c
1,58 cc
0,97

VD:
a) Trong NaCl : ( ) = 3,16 0,93
= 2,23 > 1,7 lin kt gia Na v Cl l
lin kt ion
b) Trong phn t HCl : ( ) = 3,16
2,2 = 0,96 0,4 < ( ) < 1,7
lin kt gia H v Cl l lin kt cng ho
tr c cc
c) Trong phn t H2 : = Trang
2,20 75
2,20 = 0,0 0 < 0,4
lin kt gia H v H l lin kt cng ho
tr khng cc

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Bi tp v nh: 5, 6,7( SGK)


- Chun b bi: tinh th phn t v tinh th nguyn t .
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 9/11/2010
Tit 25

Bi 13 :

TINH TH NGUYN T V TINH TH PHN T

I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc:
Bit c:
- Khi nim tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t.
- Tnh cht chung ca hp cht c tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t.
2. K nng:
Da vo cu to loi mng tinh th, d on tnh cht vt l ca cht .
3.Thi :
Bit tnh cht chung ca tng loi mng tinh th c cch s dng tt v hiu qu cc vt liu c cu to t cc
loi mng tinh th k trn
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
Hnh v m hnh cu trc tinh th kim cng v m hnh tinh th ca iot.
2.Hc sinh :
Hc bi c, tm hiu bi mi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Nu qui c gia hiu m in v
Hiu m in
Loi lin kt
loi lin kt ho hc ? Da vo m
( )
in ca cc nguyn t , hy cho bit
0 ( ) < 0,4 Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc
loi lin kt trong cc cht sau:
Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
0,4 ( ) <
Na2S, NH3, O2
Lin kt ion
1,7
( )
1,7
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
+ NaBr : = 2,96 0,93 = 2,03 lin kt ion
+ NH3 : = 3,04 2,20 = 0,84 lin kt CHT c cc
+ O2 : = 3,44 3,44 = 0 lin kt CHT Khng cc
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Th no l tinh th nguyn t , tinh th phn t ? cc loi tinh th ny c nhng tnh cht chung
g?
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I. TINH TH NGUYN T

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 76

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

GV: Cho HS quan st hnh v m


hnh cu trc kim cng
GV gii thiu : Kim cng l 1
dng th hnh ca cacbon , thuc
loi tinh th nguyn t
GV : Nguyn t cacbon c bao
nhiu electron lp ngoi cng ?
GV :. Nguyn t cacbon c 4
electron lp ngoi cng . Trong
tinh th kim cng , mi nguyn t
cacbon lin kt vi 4 nguyn t
cacbon ln cn gn nht bng 4 cp
electron chung , l 4 lin kt
cng ho tr . Cc nguyn t cacbon
ny nm trn 4 nh ca 1 t din
u . Mi nguyn t cacbon li lin
kt vi 4 nguyn t cacbon khc
GV: Yu cu HS quan st m hnh
tinh th kim cng t khi qut
ha v tinh th nguyn t
Hot ng 2:
GV: Bng hiu bit thc t, mt em
hy cho bit mt s ng dng
thng gp ca kim cng?
GV : iu ni ln tnh cht g
ca kim cng
GV : Ti sao kim cng li cng
nh vy ?
GV : do lc lin kt cng ho tr
trong tinh th nguyn t kim cng
l rt ln
GV: Da vo tnh cht ca kim
cng, hy nu tnh cht chung ca
tinh th nguyn t ?
Hot ng 3:
GV: Cho HS quan st hnh v m
hnh tinh th iot v mng tinh th
nc
GV m t : Tinh th iot (I2) l tinh
th phn t , nhit thng iot
th rn vi cu trc tinh th mng
li lp phng tm din : Cc
phn t iot 8 nh v cc tm 6
mt ca hnh lp phng
Tinh th nc cng l tinh th

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Quan st

HS: 4e

1. Tinh th nguyn t
Tinh th nguyn t cu to t
nhng nguyn t c sp xp 1
cch u n , theo 1 trt t nht
nh trong khng gian to thnh 1
mng tinh th l nhng nguyn t
lin kt vi nhau bng cc lin kt
cng ho tr

HS : Nghe ging

HS: Nu kt lun v tinh


th nguyn t
HS:
Lm dao ct knh, lm mi
khoan khoan su vo
lng t tm du m.
HS: Rt cng

2. Tnh cht chung


Cc tinh th nguyn t u rt bn
vng , rt cng , kh nng chy ,
kh si .
VD: Kim cng c cng ln
nht so vi cc tinh th bit nn
c quy c c cng l 10
n v o cng cc cht khc

HS: Tr li

HS: Quan st
HS: Nghe ging

II. TINH TH PHN T


1. Tinh th phn t
Tinh th phn t cu to t nhng
phn t c sp xp 1 cch u
n, theo 1 trt t nht nh trong
khng gian to thnh 1 mng tinh
th, cc im nt ca mng tinh
th l nhng phn t lin kt vi
nhau bng lc tng tc yu gia
cc phn t

Trang 77

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


phn t . Trong tinh th nc ,
mi phn t nc lin kt vi 4
phn t nc gn nht nm trn 4
nh ca 1 t din u . Mi phn t
nc nh li lin kt vi 4 phn
t ln cn nm 4 nh ca hnh t
din u khc v c tip tc nh vy
GV : T m hnh tinh th phn t
ca iot v nc , em hy cho bit
tinh th phn t c cu to nh
th no?
GV: Cc phn t lin kt vi nhau
bng lc g?

GV kt lun: Phn ln cc cht hu


c, cc n cht phi kim nhit
thp u kt tinh thnh mng li
tinh th phn t (phn t c th gm
1 nguyn t nh cc halogen , O2 ,
N2 , H2 , H2O , H2S , CO2 , )
Hot ng 4:
GV : Em no cho bit 1 s tnh cht
ca nc , vin bng phin (long
no) trong t qun o ?
GV nu vn : ti sao tinh th phn
t d nng chy, d bay hi nh
vy?
GV: L v trong tinh th phn t cc
phn t ht nhau bng lc tng tc
yu
GV b sung: Ngay nhit
thng mt phn tinh th long no
v iot b phn hu, cc phn t
tch ri khi mng tinh th v
khuych tn vo khng kh lm cho
ta d nhn ra mi ca chng.
Hot ng 5: Cng c
GV: Hy nu r s khc nhau v
cu to v tnh cht trong hai loi
tinh th trn?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

VD: Cc cht c cu to mng li


tinh th phn t:
cc halogen , O2 , N2 , H2 , H2O ,
H2S , CO2 ,

HS: Tinh th phn t cu


to t nhng phn t.
HS: nhng phn t lin kt
vi nhau bng lc tng
tc yu

HS : Nc d tan , vin
bng phin d bay hi

HS: Tip thu thng tin

2. Tnh cht chung:


- Trong tinh th phn t cc phn
t vn tn ti nh nhng n v
c lp v ht nhau bng lc tng
tc yu Tinh th phn t d
nng chy, d bay hi
- Cc tinh th phn t khng phn
cc d ho tan trong cc dung mi
khng cc nh benzen, xng

HS: - Tinh th nguyn t


cu to t nhng nguyn t
lin kt vi nhau bng lin
kt CHT Kh nng chy,
kh bay hi.
- Tinh th phn t cu to
t nhng phn t lin kt
vi nhau bng lc tng
tc yu. d nng chy,
d bay hi

4. Dn d:(1p)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 78

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi:Ho tr v s oxi ho .
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 9/11/2010
Tit 26

Bi 15 :

HO TR V S OXI HO

I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc Bit c :
- in ho tr, cng ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
- S oxi ho ca nguyn t trong cc phn t n cht v hp cht. Nhng quy tc xc nh s oxi ho ca
nguyn t.
2.K nng
Xc nh c in ho tr, cng ho tr, s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong mt s phn t n cht v hp cht c
th.
3. Thi :
- Bit cch tnh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t ng dng nghin cu phn ng oxi ho kh
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Gio n vbng ph .
2.Hc sinh : n tp v lin kt ion , lin kt CHT.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Hy nu r s khc nhau v cu to v tnh - Tinh th nguyn t cu to t nhng nguyn t lin kt
cht trong hai loi tinh th nguyn t v
vi nhau bng lin kt CHT Kh nng chy, kh bay
tinh th phn t?
hi
- Tinh th phn t cu to t nhng phn t lin kt vi
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
nhau bng lc tng tc yu. d nng chy, d bay hi
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Cc em tm hiu v hp cht ion v hp cht CHT. Vy cch xc nh ho tr v s oxi ho trong nhng
hp cht ny nh th no? S oxi ho l g? Xc nh s oxi ho bng cch no? Bi hc hm nay, chng ta cng
tm hiu
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I. HO TR
GV: Nu khi nim in ho
HS: Ghi khi nim in ha 1. Ha tr trong hp cht ion

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 79

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


tr?
GV: nu cch xc nh ho tr
GV: Ly v d v hng dn
HS xc nh in ho tr
GV: Cc cht :KCl, CaF2
MgO l nhng hp cht ion,
c to nn t nhng ion
no?

10

GV: T in tch ca ion hy


xc nh in ho tr ca cc
nguyn t
GV: Ngi ta quy c , khi
vit in ha tr ca nguyn
t , ghi gi tr in tch trc,
du ca in tch sau .
GV : Em hy xc inh in
ha tr ca tng nguyn t
trong mi hp cht ion sau
y :
K2O , CaCl2 , Al2O3
KBr
GV : Qua dy trn , em c
nhn xt g v in ha tr ca
cc nguyn t kim loi thuc
nhm IA , IIA , IIIA v cc
nguyn t phi kim thuc
nhm VIA , VIIA ?
GV: Lu cho HS v in
ho tr ca cc nguyn t kim
loi v phi kim
Hot ng 2:
GV: Nu qui tc
GV:cng thc cu to ca
NH3 v phn tch :
HNH
H
GV : Nguyn t N c bao
nhiu lin kt cng ha tr ?
Suy ra nguyn t N c cng
ha tr bng bao nhiu ?
GV cho HS tho lun v xc
nh CHT ca cc nguyn t
trong cc phn t HCl, CO2 ?

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
tr

HS: + KCl l hp cht ion


c to nn t cation K+
v anion Cl
+ CaF2 l hp cht ion c
to nn t cation Ca2+ v
anion F
MgO c to nn t Mg2+
v O2HS: Tr li

( in ho tr )
Qui tc : Ho tr bng in tch ca
ion (in ho tr)
VD:
- Trong hp cht KCl, in ho tr ca
K l 1+ v ca Cl l 1
- Trong hp cht CaF2 ,Ca l 2+ v F
c in ho tr l 1
- Trong hp cht MgO in ho tr ca
Mg l 2+ v ca O l 2 Lu : Trong hp cht ion, cc
nguyn t kim loi ( nhm IA,IIA,
IIIA) c in ho tr l 1+, 2+, 3+. Cc
nguyn t phi kim ( thuc nhm VIA,
VIIA) c in ho tr l 2-, 1-

HS: Tho lun v bo co


kt qu:
K2O, CaCl2 , Al2O3 ,
KBr
1+2 2+1
3+2
1+1
HS: Nu nhn xt

2. Ha tr trong hp cht cng ha


tr
Quy tc : Ha tr ca 1 nguyn t
c xc nh bng s lin kt cng
ha tr ca nguyn t nguyn t
trong phn t .
HS: Ghi qui tc
HS:

N c 3 lin kt cng ha tr

V d :
+ NH3 CHT ca N l 3
CHT ca H l 1
+ HCl : H Cl CHT ca H l 1
Cl l 1
+ CO2 : O = C = O
CHT ca C l 4
CHT ca O l 2

Trang 80

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV : Mi nguyn t H c bao
nhiu lin kt cng ha tr ?
Suy ra nguyn t H c cng
ha tr bng bao nhiu ?
GV : Gi 1 HS xc nh cng
thc ha tr ca tng nguyn
t trong phn t nc v
metan ?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
nguyn t N c cng ha
tr 3
HS tho lun theo nhm v
i din tr li.
HS : H c 1 lin kt cng
ha tr nguyn t H c
cng ha tr 1
HS : H O H
H
HCH
H

12

Trong H2O : Nguyn t


H c cng ha tr 1 , nguyn
t O c cng ha tr 2
Trong CH4 : Nguyn t C
c cng ha tr ha tr 4 ,
Hot ng 3:
nguyn t H c cng ha tr
GV t vn :
1
SOXH thng c s dng HS: SOXH ca 1 nguyn t
trong vic nghin cu phn
trong phn t l in tch
ng oxi ha kh (s hc hc ca nguyn t nguyn t
k II)
trong phn t , nu gi nh
GV khi nim s oxi ho
rng mi lin kt trong phn
Hot ng 4:
t u l lin kt ion
GV: Nu cc quy tc
GV cho HS tho lun v xc
nh s oxi ho ca cc
nguyn t.
HS tho lun v c i din
GV lu HS v cch vit s
tr li.
oxi ho : SOXH c vit
bng ch s thng du t
pha trc v c t trn
k hiu nguyn t

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

II. S OXI HA (SOXH)


1. Khi nim (SGK)
2. Cc quy tc xc nh SOXH
Quy tc 1 : SOXH ca cc nguyn t
trong cc n cht bng khng
Th d : Trong phn t n cht :
Na , Ca , Zn , Cu H2 , Cl2 , N2 th
SOXH ca cc nguyn t u bng
khng
Quy tc 2 : Trong 1 phn t, tng s
SOXH ca cc nguyn t bng 0
Th d : Trong NH3 , SOXH ca H l
+1 SOXH ca N l 3
Quy tc 3 : SOXH ca cc ion n
nguyn t bng in tch ca ion
Trong ion a nguyn t , tng s
SXOH ca cc nguyn t bng in
tch ca ion
Th d :+ SOXH ca cc nguyn t
cc ion K+ , Ca2+ , Cl , S2 ln lt l
+1 , +2 , 1 , 2.
+ SOXH ca N trong ion NO3 l x

Trang 81

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
x + 3(2) = 1 x = +5
Quy tc 4 :
Trong hu ht cc hp cht, SOXH
ca H bng +1 , tr 1 s trng hp
nh hidrua kim loi
(NaH-1, CaH2-1 .) . SOXH ca O
bng 2 tr trng hp O+1F2 , peoxit
(chng hn H2O2-1 , )

Hot ng 5: Cng c (3)


GV yu cu HS hon thnh bi tp sau :
Cng thc
Cng ha tr ca
S oxi ha ca
N l
N l
N N
Cl Cl
Cl l
Cl l
HOH
H l
H l
O l
O l
Cng thc
in ha tr ca
S oxi ha ca
Na l
Na l
NaCl
Cl l
Cl l
Al l
Al l
AlCl3
Cl l
Cl l
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 7 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: n li l thuyt chun b luyn tp .
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 82

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Ngy son: 15/11/2010


Tit 27

Bi 16 :

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

LUYN TP: LIN KT HO HC

I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc:
- Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ha tr.
- S hnh thnh mt s loi phn t.
- c im cu trc v lin kt ca ba loi tinh th.
2.K nng:
- Xc nh ha tr v s oxi ha ca nguyn t trong n cht v hp cht.
- Dng hiu m in phn loi mt cch tng i loi lin kt ha hc.
3.Thi :
- Bit cch tnh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t ng dng nghin cu phn ng oxi ho kh
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
- Bng ph so snh cc loi lin kt ho hc v bng 10 (SGK)
So snh
Lin kt cng ha
Lin kt cng ho tr
Lin kt ion
tr khng cc
c cc
Ging nhau
Cc nguyn t kt hp vi nhau to ra cho mi nguyn t lp electron ngoi
v mc ch
cng bn vng ging cu trc kh him (2e hoc 8e)
Khc nhau v Dng chung e. Cp Dng chung e. Cp e
cch to lin
e khng b lch
b lch v pha nguyn
Cho v nhn e
kt
t c m in ln
hn
Thng to
Gia cc nguyn t Gia phi kim mnh
Gia kim loi v phi kim
nn
ca cng 1 nguyn yu khc nhau
t phi kim
Hiu m
0 < 0,4
0,4 < 1,7
1,7
in
c tnh
Bn
Bn
Nhn xt
Lin kt cng ha tr c cc l dng trung gian gia lin kt cng ha tr khng cc
v lin kt ion
- H thng cu hi v bi tp
2.Hc sinh : Chun b trc ni dung cc bi tp luyn tp nh
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 83

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh


2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi gii bi tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta nghin cu xong cc kin thc ca chng 2, nm vng cc kin thc hc , hm nay chng ta
n li cc kin thc trng tm v gii cc bi tp lin quan.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I.Cc kin thc cn nm vng
GV: Cho bi tp 2 (SGK)
1/Lin kt ha hc
Trnh by s ging nhau v khc nhau
Bi tp 2 (SGK)
ca 3 loi lin kt : lin kt ion , lin
(Bng ph)
kt cng ha tr khng cc v lin kt
cng ha tr c cc ?
GV hng dn HS pht biu in
HS : Tho lun v hon
2/Mng tinh th
vo bng sau y :
thnh vo bng
a) Tinh th ion : NaCl , MgO
Lin
Lin kt
Lin
Tinh th nguyn t : Kim
kt
cng ha tr
kt
cng
So snh
cng
c cc
ion
Tinh th phn t : iot ,
ha
tr
nc , bng phin
Ging
b) So snh to nng chy :
nhau v
Tinh th ion c to ra do
mc ch
lc ht tnh in gia cc ion
Khc
ngc du rt bn, kh rn,
nhau v
cch to
kh bay hi, kh nng chy .
lin kt
Tinh th nguyn t to thnh
Thng
do lin kt cng ha tr bn
to nn
vng , kh cng, kh nng chy,
Nhn xt
kh bay hi.
GV: Yu cu HS v nh lp bng so
Tinh th phn t c hnh
snh cc loi tinh th hc v khi
thnh bng lc tng tc gia
nim, lc lin kt, v c tnh
cc phn t d nng chy, d
bay hi
c) Khng c tinh th no dn
in c trng thi rn.
Hot
ng
2:
10
Tinh th ion dn in c
GV bi tp 6 (SGK) , HS tho lun
HS : Chun b 2 pht
trng thi nng chy v dung
Bi 6 : a) Ly th d v tinh th ion ,
dch
tinh th phn t , tinh th nguyn t
3/in ha tr
b) So snh nhit nng chy ca cc
- Cc nguyn t kim loi thuc
loi tinh th . Gii thch
nhm IA c s electron lp
c) Tinh th no dn in c trng
ngoi cng l 1 c th nhng i
thi rn? Tinh th no dn in c
nn c in ha tr 1+
khi nng chy v khi ho tan trong
- Cc nguyn t phi kim thuc
nc ?
nhmVIA ,VIIA c 6, 7 electron

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 84

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Hot ng 3:
GV bi tp 7 (SGK) HS tho lun :
Bi 7 : Xc nh in ha tr ca cc
nguyn t nhm VIA , VIIA trong cc
hp cht vi cc nguyn t nhm IA

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Tho lun v tr li

lp ngoi cng c th nhn thm


2 hay 1 electron vo lp ngoi
cng, nn c in ha tr 2 , 1
4/S oxi ha
+7

+6

15

Hot ng 4:
a) K Mn O4 , Na2 Cr2 O7
GV cho bi tp 9 (SGK) ,cho HS tho
+5
+5
lun
K Cl O3 , H3 P O4
Bi tp 9 : Xc nh SOXH ca Mn ,
Cr , Cl , P :
HS tho lun v ln bng
+5
+6
+4
a) Trong phn t :
lm.
b) N O3- , S O42- , C O32KMnO4 , Na2Cr2O7 , KClO3 , H3PO4
1
3
b) Trong ion :
Br - , NH4+
NO3 , SO42 , CO32 ,Br , NH4+
GV yu cu HS vn dng cc quy tc
xc nh SOXH gii bi tp
3
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
HS: Lng nghe v ch
Hot ng 5: Cng c
khi lm bi tp.
GV: Ch cho HS khi lm cc bi tp
V xc nh lin kt ho hc v s oxi
ho .
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 3, 4, 1, 5 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n tp tip v cc dng lin kt v cch phn loi lin kt da vo gi tr m in
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 85

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 15/11/2010


Tit 28

Bi 16 :

LUYN TP: LIN KT HO HC


(Tiep)

I. MC TIU :
1.Kin Thc :
- Dng hiu m in phn loi 1 cch tng i cc loi lin kt ha hc
- Kho st cng thc cu to ca 1 s phn t n gin da vo bn cht ca cc loi lin kt trong phn t
2.K nng :
Rn luyn k nng lp lun gii bi tp.
3. Thi :
- Bit s hnh thnh cc hp cht v c
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
II . CHUN B :
1. Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp.
2. Hc sinh: Chun b cc bi tp trong SGK.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi gii bi tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Hm nay chng ta tip tc n li cc kin thc trng tm v gii cc bi tp lin quan.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
20 * Hot ng 1
VI/ LIN KT HO HC V
GV cho bi tp 3(SGK) HS HS : Chun b 2 pht v
HIU M IN
tho lun
bo co kt qu
Bi 3:
Bi tp 3 : Cho dy oxit sau
Oxit

Loi lin kt
y :
Na2O
2,51
Na2O , MgO , Al2O3 , SiO2
MgO
2,13 lin kt ion
P2O5 , SO3 , Cl2O7
Al2O3 1,83
Da vo gi tr hiu m
SiO2 1,54
in ca 2 nguyn t trong
P2O5 1,25 lin kt CHT
phn t hy xc nh loi lin
SO3
0,86 C cc
kt trong tng phn t oxit ?
Cl2O7 0,28 lin kt CHT
Bi tp 4 :
Khng cc
a) Da vo gi tr m in
HS : Chun b 2 pht v
Bi 4:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 86

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

20

(F = 3,98 ; O = 3,44 ;
Cl = 3,16 ; N = 3,04) hy xt
tnh phi kim thay i nh th
no trong dy nguyn t sau
F , O , Cl , N
b) Vit CTCT ca cc phn t
sau y : N2 , CH4 , H2O ,
NH3
Xt xem phn t no c lin
kt cng ha tr khng cc ,
phn cc mnh nht
GV hng dn HS da vo
bng m in v tnh hiu
m in gia 2 nguyn t
trong phn t
GV cho HS tho lun
* Hot ng 3
GV cho HS lm bi tp 1 v 5
(SGK)
Bi tp 1:
a) Vit phng trnh biu din
s hnh thnh cc ion sau y
t cc nguyn t tng ng :
Na Na+ ; Cl Cl
Mg Mg2+ ; S S2
Al Al3+ ; O O2
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca
cc nguyn t v cc ion .
Nhn xt v cu hnh cc ion .
Nhn xt v cu hnh electron
lp ngoi cng ca cc ion
c to thnh
Bi tp 5 : Mt nguyn t c
cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p3
a) Xc nh v tr ca nguyn
t trong bng tun hon ,
suy ra cng thc phn t hp
cht kh vi hidro
b) Vit cng thc elelctron v
cng thc cu to ca phn t

GV: Mi 1HS ln bng gii


bi tp 5
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
Hot ng 5: Cng c
GV lu cho HS: Hiu m

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
ln bng lm
a)
F
O
Cl
= 3,98 3,44 3,16

N
3,04

Tnh phi kim gim dn


b. N N
H
HCH

HS : Chun b 3 pht v
ln bng lm

HOH
HNH

H
H
N2 CH4 H2O NH3
: 0
0,35 1,24 0,84
Phn t N2 , CH4 c lin kt cng
ha tr khng phn cc
H2O l phn t c lin kt phn cc
mnh nht trong dy
VII/S HNH THNH ION
CNG THC ELECTRON V
CNG THC CU TO
Bi 1:
+
11Na Na + 1e
(2,8,1)
(2,8)
Mg

Mg2+ + 2e
12
(2,8,2)
(2,8)
Al3+ + 3e
13Al
(2,8,3)
(2,8)

17Cl + 1e Cl
(2,8,7)
(2,8,8)
2
16S + 2e S
(2,8,6)
(2,8,8)
2
8O + 2e O
(2,6)
(2,8)
Bi 5:
a) Tng s electron l 7 s th t
ca nguyn t l 7
C 2 lp electron chu k 2
Nguyn t p c 5e ngoi cng
thuc nhm VA
l N
b) Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh
vi hidro l : NH3
Cng thc electron v cng thc

Trang 87

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

in ch cho php ta d on
HS: Ch lng nghe v
cu to :

mt cch tng i v loi


ghi nh
lin kt ha hc trong phn t.
H:N: H
HNH
D on ny cn phi c

xc minh mc ng n
H
bi nhiu phng php thc
nghim khc nhau.
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm thm cc bi tp trong SBT
- Tm hiu bi: Phn ng oxi ho - kh
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 88

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 22/11/2009


Tit 29

CHNG 4:
Bi 17 :

PHN NG OXI HO KH
PHN NG OXI HO KH

I.MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Hiu c:
- Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca nguyn t.
- Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron, cht kh l cht nhng electron. S oxi ho l s nhng electron, s kh
l s nhn electron.
2.K nng:
- Phn bit c cht oxi ha v cht kh, s oxi ho v s kh trong phn ng oxi ho - kh c th.
3.Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Gio n v bng ph
2.Hc sinh : Hc sinh n tp
- Khi nim s oxi ha, s kh, cht oxi ha cht kh v phn ng oxi ha kh hc THCS.
-Khi nim s oxi ha v quy tc xc nh s oxi ha hc chng trc.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV nu cu hi : Xc nh s oxi ho ca HS tr li:
cc nguyn t trong cc cht sau :
0
+1 +5 -2 0
Cu , HNO3, Cl2
Cu , HNO3, Cl2
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta c nghin cu v phn ng oxi ho kh lp 9 v rt ra nh ngha v phn ng oxi
ho - kh. Vy phn ng oxi ho kh lp 10 c nh ngha nh th no. Ta li nghin cu phn ng oxi
ho kh mc cao
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
5
I. NH NGHA
Hot ng 1: vo bi
1. Xt phn ng c oxi tham gia:
GV yu cu HS nhc li nh

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 89

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


ngha cht oxi ho v cht
kh lp 8?
GV: Hy xc nh cht oxi
ho v cht kh trong hai
phn ng sau:
2Mg + O2 2MgO (1)
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O (2)

15

15

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: - Cht chim oxi ca mt
cht khc l cht kh

VD1:
0

+2

-2

- Cht nhng oxi cho cht khc 2Mg + O2 2Mg 2O (1)


Mg nhng e Mg l cht kh
l cht oxi ho
O2 nhn e O2 l cht oxi ho
Td: 2Mg + O2 2MgO (1)
Mg Mg+2 + 2e ( qt oxi ho)
O0 + 2e O-2 (qt kh)
Td: CuO + H2 Cu + H2O (2)
VD2 :
GV: Cc phn ng trn u Trong hai phn ng trn:
CuO+ H2 Cu + H2O (2)
thuc loi phn ng g?
Cht
oxi
ho
l
:
O
,
CuO
2
H2 nhng e H2 l cht kh
GV t vn : Theo nh
ngha THCS, c phn - Cht kh l : Mg, H
+2
ng oxi ho kh xy ra
Cu ( CuO) nhn e CuO l cht
phi c mt ca Oxi. Vy HS: Cc phn ng trn u thuc oxi ho.
phn ng sau y c phi l loi phn ng oxi ho kh
+2
0
phn ng oxi ho kh hay
Cu + 2e Cu ( qu trnh kh)
khng?
+1
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
H H + 1e ( qu trnh oxi ho)
tr li cu hi ny ta cc
* Tm li:
em hy tin hnh cc bc
+ Cht kh ( cht b oxi ho) l
sau:
cht nhng electron ( c s oxi ho
Hot ng 2:
tng)
GV: Hy xc nh s oxi ho
+ Cht oxi ho ( Cht b kh) l cht
ca cc cht trong phng
thu electron. ( c s oxi ho gim)
trnh ho hc (1) ?
+ Qu trnh oxi ha ( s oxh ) l
GV: Hy nhn xt s thay
qu trnh nhng electron.
i s oxi ho ca Mg v O2
+ Qu trnh kh (s kh ) l qu
trong phn ng (1)?
trnh thu electron.
GV nhn xt : Trong phn
ng (1) : Mg l cht kh, O2 HS: tr li :
l cht oxi ho. Sau GV
- S oxh ca Mg tng t 0 ln
gii thch qu trnh oxi
+2
hoMg v qu trnh kh O
GV: Xt tng t vi PTHH - S oxh ca O gim t 0 ln -2
(2). Yu cu HS tho lun v HS: Tip thu thng tin
HS: Tho lun nhm v tr li
xc nh cht kh, cht oxi
Trong phn ng (2)
ho, qu trnh kh v qu
- cht oxi ho l CuO
trnh oxi ho ?
- cht kh l H2.
-Qu trnh Cu2+ nhn thm
GV: Trn c s hai v d
electron l qu trnh kh
trn, hy cho bit th no l
- Qu trnh H nhng electron l
cht kh, cht oxi ho, qu
qu trnh oxi ho
trnh kh v qu trnh oxi
HS: Tr li
ho ?
Hot ng 3:
GV:Ap dng nh ngha

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

2. Xt phn ng khng c oxi

Trang 90

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

mi ny, hy xc nh cht
oxi ho , cht kh, s oxi
ho , s kh cho phn ng
sau:
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

tham gia
VD3:Na0 + Cl02 Na+1Cl-1 (3)
Na nhng e Na l cht kh
Cl2 l cht nhn e Cl2 l cht oxi
ho

HS : Tr li

GV t cu hi: trong phn

Na Na+ 1e (qu trnh oxi ho)

ng gia Na v Cl2 khng c

-1

Cl + 1e Cl (qu trnh kh)

s cho v nhn oxi nh phn

+1

ng (1), (2). Nhng v sao HS: Tr li


phn ng gia Na v Cl2 khng
Na l cht kh, Cl2 l cht
c s cho v nhn oxi nhng c
0
0
+1 -1
oxi ho ?
s cho v nhn electron
VD4 : H2 + Cl2 HCl (4)
GV: Trong phn ng giaH2
Trong phn ng (4) H chuyn e cho
Cl nn c s thay i s oxi ha ca
v Cl2 c s nhng v thu
HS: Trong phn ng giaH2 v cc nguyn t.
electron khng? C s thay Cl2 khng c s nhng v thu
electron m ch c s chuyn VD 5 :
i s oxi ho khng?
0
t
+1
GV: Hy xc nh s oxi ho electron v c s thay i s oxi -3 +5
NH

N2O+ 2H2O
4NO3
ho

l
phn
ng
oxi
ho
kh
ca cc cht trong phn ng
-3
HS: Phn ng (5) nguyn t N -3
nhit phn NH4NO3, v
+5
N : cht kh
cho bit cht no l cht oxi nhng e, N nhn e
-3
+5
N l cht kh, N l cht -3 +1
ho , cht no l cht kh?
N N + 4e ( qt oxi ho)
GV nhn xt :Phn ng ny oxi ho
+5
ch c s thay i s oxh ca l phn ng oxi ho kh
N : l cht oxi ho.
mt nguyn t.
+5
+1
GV :Phn ng oxi ho kh
N
+
4e

N (qt kh)
HS : Tr li
l g ?
N: phn ng oxh kh l phn
GV : Trong cc phn ng oxi
ng
ha hc, trong c s chuyn
ho kh lun din ra ng
electron gia cc cht phn ng,
thi 2 qu trnh l : s
hay p oxh kh l phn ng ha
kh, s oxi ho ; c cht
hc trong c s thay i s oxh
kh, cht oxi ho
HS
:
ca mt s nguyn t.
Hot ng 4 : Cng c
GV : Phn bit cc khi nim Cht oxi ho
Cht kh
v phn ng oxi ho kh ?
Thu electron
Cho electron
SOXH gim

SOXH tng

Qu trnh kh

Qu trnh oxi

B kh

ho
B oxi ho

4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 (sgk)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 91

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Chun b phn : Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho - kh


IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 22/11/2010
Tit 30

Bi 17 :

PHN NG OXI HO KH (Tip)

I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc:Hiu c:
- Cc bc lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh, ngha ca phn ng
oxi ho - kh trong thc tin.
2. K nng:
- Lp c phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s oxi ho (cn bng theo phng php thng bng
electron).
3.Thi :
-Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
-Bit ngha ca phn ng oxi ho kh trong thc tin
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Gio n.
2.Hc sinh: Hc bi c v tm hiu phn hc tip theo.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV nu cu hi :
- Nu nh ngha phn ng oxi ho kh?
- Xc nh cht oxi ho, cht kh, qu trnh
oxi ho, qu trnh kh ca phn ng ho
hc sau: 4Na + O2 2Na2O

HS tr li:
- N: phn ng oxh kh l phn ng ha hc trong
c s thay i s oxh ca mt s nguyn t.
0

GV: Nhn xt v cho im

+1

-2

4Na + O2 2Na2O (1)


+1

Na - 1e Na ( qu trnh oxi ho Na)


Cht kh
0

-2

O + 2e O (qu trnh oxi kh Oxi)


Cht oxi ho
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta bit nh ngha phn ng oxi ho kh mi. Vy cc PTHH ca phn ng

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 92

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

oxi ho kh c thit lp nh th no? Chng c ngha g trong cuc sng?


Tin trnh tit dy:

TG
Hot ng ca GV
20 Hot ng 1:
GV ly v d : cn bng phn
ng oxi ho kh
P + O2 P2O5
GV: Nu cc bc cn bng
V gi m HS thc hin

Hot ng ca HS

Ni dung
II. LP PHNG TRNH HA
HC CA PHN NG OXH
KH
HS: Tr li cc cu hi ca VD1: P + O2 P2O5
GV
- Bc 1: Xc nh s oxh ca cc
nguyn t tm cht oxh v cht
kh:
0

+5 -2

P + O2 P2O5
P l cht kh, oxi l cht oxh.
- Bc 2: Vit qu trnh oxh v qu
trnh kh, cn bng mi qu trnh:
0

+5

P P + 5e ( qu trnh oxi ho)


0

-2

O2 + 4e 2O( qu trnh kh)


- Bc 3: Tm h s thch hp cho
cht oxh v cht kh sao cho tng s
electron cho bng tng s electron
nhn:
0 +5 + 5e
x4
P 2
x 5 O0 P
+ 4e 2O
2

10

Hot ng 2 :
GV : Hy cn bng phn ng oxi HS tho lun nhm v bo
co kt qu
ha kh sau theot cc bc

MnO+ HCl c
MnCl2 +
Cl2 + H2O
GV : Nhn xt b sung v m
p n ( chun b sn)
GV lu : phng trnh ny
0

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

- Bc 4: t h s ca cc cht
oxh v kh vo s phn ng, t
tnh ra h s cc cht khc. Kim
tra cn bng s nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t v cn bng in tch hai
v hon thnh PTHH:
4P + 5O2 2P2O5
VD2 : Lp phng trnh ho hc ca
phn ng
MnO2 + HCl c t
MnCl2 + Cl2
+ H2O
Bc 1:
0

+4-2

+11

+2 -1

Trang 93

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

cha cn bng v ngoi 2 phn t


HCl lm cht kh th v tri cn
thm vo 2 phn t HCl lm mi
trng
( khng thay i s oxi ho )
to mui.
GV : yu cu HS xem thm phn
ng trong SGK
Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2
Hot ng 3 :
GV cho HS c SGK
GV : nu mt vi ng dng quan
trng nh :
- t chy than ci
- S chy ca xng, du
- Cc phn ng xy ra trong pin,
c qui
- Trong cc qu trnh sn xut
ha hc nh : luyn gang, thp ,
luyn nhm ; sn xut ho cht
nh : axit, xt, phn bn...
Hot ng 3 : Cng c
Cn bng phn ng oxi ho
kh sau :
Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO
+ H2O

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Mn O2+ HCl c

MnCl2 + Cl2
+ H2O
+2
Mn ( trong Mn O2) l cht oxi ho
1
Cl ( trong HCl ) l cht kh
Bc 2:
+4

+2

Mn + 2e Mn ( qu trnh kh)
-1

2Cl Cl2 + 2e (qu trnh oxi ho )


Bc 3:
+4

+2

1 x Mn + 2e Mn
-1

1 x 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Bc 4: Hon thnh PTHH :
MnO2 + 4HCl c t
MnCl2
+ Cl2 + 2H2O
III. NGHA CA PHN NG
OXH KH TRONG THC
TIN:
(SGK)

HS tr li

HS : Hon thnh
+5

+2

Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2
+2

+ NO + H2O
0

+5

x2

+2

Cu Cu +

x3
2e

+2

N + 3e N

3Cu + 8HNO3
3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO +4H2O

4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 7,8 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: Phn loi cc phn ng v c.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 94

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 30/11/2010


Tit 31
BI 18 :

PHN LOI PHN NG TRONG HA HC V C

I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Hiu c:
Cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi: p/ ng oxi ho - kh v khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh
2. K nng:
Nhn bit c mt phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s thay i s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
3. Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh

II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
- Gio n
2.Hc sinh:
- Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp trong tit dy)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta bit nh ngha phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho
ca mt s nguyn t. Cc em bit cc phn ng ho hc nh : phn ng th, phn ng phn hu, phn ng
trao i ion, cc phn ng ny c phi l phn ng oxi ho kh khng? Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm
hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
I. PHN NG C S THAY I S
HS: l phn ng trong OXH V PHN NG KHNG C S
10 Hot ng 1:
mt cht mi c to
THAY I S OXH
GV yu cu HS nhc li
thnh t hai hay nhiu
1. Phn ng ha hp:
nh ngha phn ng ho
cht ban u
a. V d :
hp?
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho
VD 1:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 95

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

10

GV: Ly v d1. Yu cu
HS xc nh s oxi ho
ca cc nguyn t trong
phn ng? V nhn xt s
thay i s oxi ho ca
cc nguyn t
GV: Ly v d 2 v yu
cu HS xc nh s oxi
ho ? V nhn xt?
GV: Phn ng no l
phn ng oxi ho kh?
GV: Hng dn HS nhn
xt
Hot ng 2:
GV: yu cu HS nhc li
nh ngha phn ng phn
hu?
GV: Hy so snh phn
ng phn hu v phn
ng nhit phn?
GV:Ly hai v d v yu
cu HS xc nh s oxi
ho v nhn xt phn ng
no l phn ng oxi ho
kh?
GV: Yu cu rt ra nhn
xt
Hot ng 3:
GV: Cho v d v yu cu
HS cho bit phn ng no
l phn ng oxi ho kh

v nhn xt :
- S oxh ca hiro tng
t 0 +1
- S oxh ca oxi gim t
0 -2
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho
v nhn xt: S oxh ca
cc nguyn t khng thay
i.
HS: Phn ng (1)

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
0

+1 -2

2H2 + O2 2H2O(1)
- S oxh ca hiro tng t 0 +1
- S oxh ca oxi gim t 0 -2
VD2:
+2 2

+4 2

+2 +4 2

CaO + CO2 CaCO3 (2)

S oxh ca cc nguyn t khng thay i.


b. Nhn xt:
Trong phn ng ha hp, s oxi ha ca cc
nguyn t c th thay i hoc khng thay
i.
HS: Phn ng phn hu 2. Phn ng phn hy:
l phn ng t mt cht a. V d :
ban u b phn tch VD1:
+5 2
1
0
thnh hai hay nhiu cht
2
KClO
2
KCl
+
3O
3
2
mi
- S oxh ca Oxi tng t -2 ln 0;
HS: Ngc nhau.
HS: Tho lun v nhn - S oxi ha ca clo gim t +5
xung -1.
xt:
VD2:
Phn ng nhit phn
+2 2+ 1
+ 2 2 + 1 2
Cu(OH)2 l phn ng oxi
Cu(OH) 2
CuO + H O 2
ho kh
S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t khng thay i.
HS: Nhn xt
b. Nhn xt:
Trong phn ng phn hy, s oxh ca cc
nguyn t c th thay i hoc khng thay
i.
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho 3. Phn ng th:
v nhn xt : c hai phn a. Cc v d :
ng u l phn ng oxi VD1:
0
o
+1
+2
ho kh
Cu + 2AgNO Cu(NO ) +2Ag -
3

3 2

S oxh ca ng tng t 0 ln +2;


- S oxh ca H gim t +1 xung 0.
VD2:
0

1+

+2

Hot ng 4:
GV: Ly v d v yu cu

Zn +2HCl ZnCl
+
H
2
2
- S oxh ca ca Zn tng ln t 0 ln +2;
- S oxh ca hiro gim t +1 xung 0.
HS: Ghi nhn xt
b. Nhn xt:
Trong ha hc v c, phn ng th bao gi
cng c s thay i s oxh ca cc nguyn t.
4. Phn ng trao i:
a. V d :
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho VD1:
v nhn xt

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 96

GV: Hng dn HS nhn


xt
10

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


HS xc nh s oxi ho
ca cc nguyn t v cho
bit cc phn ng ny c
phi l phn ng oxi ho
kh
GV: Rt ra nhn xt

- C hai phn ng u +1 + 5 2 + 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 5 2
khng c s thay i s AgNO 3 +NaCl AgCl+ NaNO3
oxi ho nn khng phi S oxi ha ca tt c ca tt c cc nguyn t
khng thay i.
l phn ng oxi ho
VD2:
kh
+ 1 2 +1
2+ 1
2 + 2 1 +
1 1
+
HS: Ghi nhn xt
S
2NaO H+ CuCl Cu(O H) +2NaCl
2

Hot ng 5:
GV: Trong cc phn ng
trn phn ng no l phn
ng oxi ho kh?
Phn ng no khng phi
l phn ng oxi ho
kh?
Hot ng 6: Cng c
Du hiu nhn bit
mt phn ng oxi hokh l
A. To ra cht kt ta
B. C s i mu ca cc
cht
C. To ra cht kh

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Phn ng c s thay


i s oxh l phn ng
oxh-kh.
Phn ng ha hc khng
c s thay i s oxh,
khng phi l phn ng
oxh kh.

oxh ca tt c cc nguyn t khng thay i.


b. Nhn xt:
Trong phn ng trao i s oxi ha ca tt
c cc nguyn t khng thay i.
III. KT LUN
Da vo s thay i s oxh, c th chia phn
ng ha hc thnh hai loi:
- Phn ng c s thay i s oxh l phn ng
oxh-kh.
- Phn ng ha hc khng c s thay i s
oxh, khng phi l phn ng oxh kh.

HS: p D

D. C s thay i s oxi
ho ca mt s nguyn t
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 9 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n li cc kin thc luyn tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 97

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 30/11/2010


Tit 32

BI 19 :

LUYN TP : PHN NG OXH KH.

I. MC TIU :
1/ Kin thc :
a. Cng c cc kin thc v: S kh, s oxi ha, cht kh, cht oxi ha v phn ng oxi ha kh trn c
s kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nh lut tun hon, lin kt ha hc v s oxi ha.
b. HS vn dng: nhn bit phn ng oxi ha kh, cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi ha kh, phn loi
phn ng ha hc.
2/ V k nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho , cht oxi ho , cht kh, qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, phn
bit phn ng oxi ho kh vi phn ng khc.
3/ Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Gio n
2/ Hc sinh:
- Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng c nhiu ng dng trong cc bi tp, nm vng hn v cc khi nim v
phn ng oxi ho kh , cch cn bng v phn bit vi cc phn ng khc, chng ta i luyn tp
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
A. Kin thc cn nm vng:
GV: H thng ho kin thc c
I. Mt s khi nim:
bn qua cc cu hi sau : Th no HS: Tr li
1. Qu trnh v cc cht:
l cht oxi ho , cht kh, s oxi

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 98

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

ho , s kh?

GV: C th phn chia cc phn


ng ho hc thnh my loi da
vo s thay i s oxi ho ?
30

HS: C th phn chia


thnh hai loi : Phn ng
oxi ho kh v phn
ng khng phi l oxi
ho kh

Hot ng 2:
GV la chn bi tp HS luyn
tp
Bi 1:
Loi phn ng no sau y lun
lun khng l phn ng oxi ho
kh ?
A. Phn ng ho hp
B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng th trong ho v c HS: Tho lun v tr li
D. Phn ng trao i
Bi 2 : Loi phn ng no sau
y lun lun l phn ng oxi
ho kh ?
A. Phn ng ho hp
B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng th trong ho v
c
D. Phn ng trao i
GV: Yu cu HS ln lt tr li
cc cu hi trc nghim
GV: Yu cu HS vn dng qui
tc xc nh s oxi ho hy ln
bng lm bi tp s 3
Bi 3 :
Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc
nguyn t :
HS: Ln bng gii
- Nit trong : NO, NO2, N2O5,
HNO3, HNO2, NH3, NH4Cl
- Clo trong : HCl, HClO,
HClO2.HClO4 , CaOCl2

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Cht oxi ho

Cht kh

Thu electron

Choelectron

SOXH gim

SOXH tng

Qutrnhkh

Qutrnh oxi ho

B kh
B oxi ho
2. Phn ng oxi ha kh:
L phn ng ha hc trong c s
thay i s oxi ha ca mt s
nguyn t.
II. phn loi phn ng:
- Phn ng oxh kh : c s thay
i s oxh.
- Phn ng khng thuc loi phn
ng oxh kh : s oxh khng thay
i.
B. BI TP
Bi 1 :
p n D
Bi 2 :
p n C

Bi 3 :
+2

+4

+5

+5

+3

- NO, NO2, N2O5, HNO3, HNO2,


-3

-3

NH3, NH4Cl
-1

+1

+3

+7

- HCl, HClO, HClO2.HClO4 ,


0

CaOCl2
Bi 4 :
0

+5

+6

+4

a.S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 +


2H2O
- S l cht kh, HNO3 l cht oxi
ho

Trang 99

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Bi 4:
Da vo s thay i s oxi ho ,
ch r cht kh , cht oxi ho, qu
trnh oxi ho , qu trnh kh trong
cc phn ng sau:
a.S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO2 +
H2O
b.Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2
GV: Yu cu HS ln bng xc
nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
v tm vai tr ca cc cht.
GV: Yu cu cc HS khc nhn
xt v ghi im
Bi 5 :
Phn ng no sau y khng phi
l phn ng oxi ho kh ?
A. 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4
HNO3
B. NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
C. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
D. 2NO + O2 2NO2
GV: Yu cu HS xc nh s oxi
ho ca cc nguyn t v chn
p n
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: phn bit mt phn ng
vi cc phn ng oxi ho kh
vi cc phn ng khc lm nh
th no?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
- Qu trnh S nhng electron l qu
trnh oxi ho
+5

- Qu trnh N nhn electron l qu


trnh kh
0

HS : Ln bng gii

-1

-1

b.Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2


Cl2 Cht oxi ho
HBr l cht kh
-1

- Qu trnh Br nhng electron l


qu trnh oxi ho
- Qu trnh Cl2 nhn electron l qu
trnh kh
Bi 5 :
+4

HS : Ln bng gii

+5

A. 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 HNO3


-1
-3
-3
B. NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
0

- 3 +1

C. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
+2

+4 -2

D. 2NO + O2 2NO2
p n B
HS : Xc nh s oxi
hoca cc nguyn t
trong cc phn ng, nu
phn ng no c s thay
i s oxi ho th phn
ng l phn ng oxi
ho - kh

4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 10,11,12 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK luyn tp tip
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 100

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 30/11/2009


Tit 33

Bi 19 :

LUYN TP: PHN NG OXH KH


(TT)

I. MC TIU :
1.Kin Thc :
a. Tip tc cng c cc kin thc v: S kh, s oxi ha, cht kh, cht oxi ha v phn ng oxi ha
kh trn c s kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nh lut tun hon, lin kt ha hc v s oxi ha.
b. HS vn dng: nhn bit phn ng oxi ha kh, cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi ha kh, phn loi
phn ng ha hc.
2.K nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho , cht oxi ho , cht kh, qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, phn
bit phn ng oxi ho kh vi phn ng khc.
3.Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : - Gio n v h thng bi tp
2/ Hc sinh: - Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Trong chng phn ng oxi ho kh c mt s kin thc trng tm cn nm vng v cng c thm v cc
kin thc , chng ta cn lm mt s bi tp vn dng.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
B . Bi tp (tip)
GV: Mi HS ln bng lm bi 1
Bi 1:
+4
+7
+6
Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc
HS:Ln bng thc hin
+
MnO
,
KMnO
,
K
MnO
2
4
2
4,
nguyn t :
+2
- Mn trong : MnO2, KMnO4,

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 101

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

10

20

K2MnO4, MnSO4
- Crom trong K2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)3,
Cr2O3
- Lu hunh trong : H2S, SO2,
H2SO4, H2SO3, FeS, FeS2
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 2:
GV: Mi HS ln bng gii
Bi 2 :
Da vo s thay i s oxi ho
HS Tho lun v c i
ca cc nguyn t ch r qu trnh din ln bng xc nh
oxi ho v qu trnh kh ca cc
phn ng sau :
a.2 Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
b. Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2
+ 2H2O
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 3:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc bc
cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
v lm bi tp sau:
Bi 3:
Cn bng phng trnh ho hc
ca cc phn ng oxi ho kh sau
bng phng php thng bng
electron v cho bit cht kh,
cht oxi ho mi phn ng ?
a. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2
b. Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3
+ H2O
GV hng dn HS lm cu a.
GV: Mi 1HS ln bng lm cu
b.
HS ln bng lm cu b

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
MnSO4
+3

+3

+3

+ K2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)3, Cr2O3


-2 +4

+6

+4

-2

+ H2S, SO2, H2SO4, H2SO3, FeS,


-1

FeS2
Bi 2:
0

+3 -1

a.2 Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3


Fe l cht kh, Cl2 l cht oxi ho
0

+3

Fe Fe + 3e :qu trnh oxi ha


0

-1

Cl2 + 2e 2Cl : qu trnh kh


0

+6

+2

b. Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 +
+4

SO2 + 2H2O
Cu l cht kh
H2SO4 l cht oxi ho
0

+2

Cu Cu +2e :qu trnh oxi ha


+6

+4

S + 2e S : qu trnh kh
Bi 3 :
a.
+2 -1

+3 -2

+ 4 -2

FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2


FeS2 l cht kh
O2 l cht oxi ho
+2

+3

Fe Fe +1e
-1

+4

2S 2S + 10e
0

-1

+3

+4

Fe + 2S Fe + 2S + 11e x 4
0

-2

O2 + 4e 2O
x 11
4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
b.
0

-1

+5

Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3


+ H2O

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 102

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

0
-1
Hot ng 4: Cng c
x 5
Cl2 + 2e 2Cl
GV lu : Trong mt phn t c
HS : Ch lng nghe v
0
+5
th c s thay i s oxi ho ca thc hin
x
1
Cl

2Cl
+ 10e
2
tt c cc nguyn t, cn vit tt
c cc qu trnh oxi ho v qu
Cl2 va l cht oxi ho va l cht
trnh kh, nu c nhiu qu trnh
kh
oxi ho hay qu trnh kh phi
3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3
cng cc qu trnh ny vi nhau
+ 3H2O
tm s electron nhng hay
nhn
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK
- Tm hiu bi: n li kin thc chun b n tp hc k I
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 103

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 6/12/2009


Tit 34
Bi dy :

LUYN TP - THC HNH

I. MC TIU :
1/ V Kin Thc :
a. Tip tc cng c cc kin thc v: S kh, s oxi ha, cht kh, cht oxi ha v phn ng oxi ha
kh trn c s kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nh lut tun hon, lin kt ha hc v s oxi ha.
b. HS vn dng: nhn bit phn ng oxi ha kh, cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi
ha kh, phn loi phn ng ha hc.
2/ V k nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho , cht oxi ho , cht kh, qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, phn
bit phn ng oxi ho kh vi phn ng khc.
3/ Thi :
Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : - Gio n v h thng bi tp
2/ Hc sinh: - Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Trong chng phn ng oxi ho kh c mt s kin thc trng tm cn nm vng v cng c thm v cc
kin thc , chng ta tip tc lm thm mt s bi tp vn dng.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
GV: Mi HS ln bng lm bi 1
Bi 1
Bi 1: Da vo s thay i s oxi HS:Ln bng thc hin
ho , ch r cht kh , cht oxi
0
+5
+6
+4
ho, qu trnh oxi ho , qu trnh
a. S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O
kh v cn bng phn ng cc
S l cht kh

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 104

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

phn ng sau:
a. S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO2 +
H2O
b. Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2

+5

N (trong HNO3) l cht oxi ho

GV: Nhn xt v cho im

x1
HS Tho lun v c i
din ln bng xc nh

+6

S S + 6e (qt oxi ho)


+5

x 6

+4

N + 1e N (qt kh)

S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 4H2O


0

-1

-1

b. Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2


Cl2 l cht oxi ho
-1

15

10

Hot ng 2:
Bi 2 :
Cho phn ng : M2Ox + HNO3
M(NO3)3 + ..
Khi x c gi tr bao nhiu th phn
ng trn khng thuc phn ng
oxi ho kh ?
GV cho HS tho lun
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 3:
HS suy ngh, tnh ton v
Bi 3:
ln bng gii
Cn bao nhiu gam Cu kh
hon ton lng bc c trong 85ml
dung dch AgNO3 0,15M ?
GV hng dn :
Tnh s mol ca
AgNO3
Vit ptp
T s mol ca AgNO3
suy ra s mol ca Cu mCu
HS ln bng lm cu b
Hot ng 4:
Bi 4: Trong s cc phn ng sau:
A. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3
+ H2O
B. N2O5 + H2O 2HNO3
C. 2HNO3 + 3H2S 3S +
2NO + 4H2O
D. 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Br ( trong HBr) l cht kh


0

-1

Cl2 + 2e 2Cl ( qt kh)


-1

2Br Br2 + 2e (qt oxi ho)


Bi 2 :
+x

+3

M2Ox + HNO3 M(NO3)3 +


phn ng trn khng thuc phn
ng oxi ho kh th s oxi ho ca
cc nguyn t khng thay i nn: x
+3
Bi 3 :
Ta c :
n
AgNO3 = 0,85 x 0,15
= 0,01275 (mol)
Phn ng :
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
nCu = nAgNO3 = 0,01275 /2
= 0,006375(mol)
m
Cu = 64.0,006375 = 0,408(g)
Bi 4:
+5

-2

+2

2HNO3 + 3H2S 3S + 2NO + 4H2O


L phn ng oxi ho kh
-2

S (H2S) l cht kh
-2

S S + 2e ( qu trnh oxi ho)


+5

Trang 105

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

kh ? v ch r cht oxi ho v
N (HNO3) l cht oxi ho
cht kh , vit qu trnh oxi ho v
+5
+2
qu trnh kh ?
N +3e N ( qu trnh oxi ho)
GV cho HS khc nhn xt v sa
cha
Hot ng 4: Cng c
3
GV h thng li cc kin thc lin
quan n phn ng oxi ho kh : HS : Ch lng nghe v
cht kh, cht oxi ho, qu trnh
ghi nh
oxi ho v qu trnh kh.
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK
- Tm hiu bi: n li kin thc chun b n tp hc k I
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 106

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 6/12/2009


Tit 35
Bi dy :

N TP HC K I

I / MC TIU
1/ Kin Thc :
- HS bit h thng ha kin thc c bn v cu to cht thuc 3 chng 1, 2, 3.4
2/ K nng
HS hiu v c k nng vn dng kin thc v cu to nguyn t , bng tun hon v nh lut tun hon ,
lin kt ha hc gii bi tp , chun b kin thc c s tt cho vic hc phn sau ca chng
3/ Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- To tnh t lp cho HS trong vic h thng ho kin thc hc
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp c lin quan
2/ Hc sinh:T n li cc kin thc theo cng n tp
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta tm hiu v nguyn t , bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, lin kt ho hc v phn ng oxi
ho kh. Vy hm nay chng ta n li cc kin thc trong tm cn nh v cc kin thc ny
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I.Cc kin thc cn nm vng
GV yu cu HS nhc li
Chng 1 : Nguyn t
cc kin thc c bn ca 4
Chng 2 : Bng tun hon v
chng ( theo cu hi
nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t
trong cng n tp)
ha hc
Chng 1 : Nguyn t HS : Nhc li cc kin thc thuc Chng 3 : Lin kt ha hc
Chng 2 : Bng tun 4 chng hc theo cu hi ca Chng 3: Phn ng oxi ho GV
hon v nh lut tun
kh
hon cc nguyn t ha
hc

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 107

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

30

Chng 3 : Lin kt
ha hc
Chng 4: Phn ng
oxi ho - kh
Hot ng 2:
GV xut cc dng bi
tp thng gp HS
luyn tp
GV: Mi 1HS ln bng
gii
GV: T v tr ca Brom l
chu k 4, nhm VIIA cho
bi t iu g?
GV: Br thuc nhm A nn
7 electron in vo phn
lp s v p
4s24p5. Vy hy vit
cu hnh y ca Br ?
GV: Vi Mn l nguyn t
nhm B nn electron ho
tr ca Mn c phn b
trn phn lp 3d v 4s
3d54s2 . Vy hy vit cu
hnh electron ca Mn ?

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS: Tho lun v c i din ln


bng gii:
HS:
Nguyn t Br thuc chu k 4 c
4 lp electron
Nguyn t Br thuc nhm VII A
c 7 electron lp ngoi cng
HS:
Br : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5

HS:
Mn : 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2

Hot ng 2:
GV: xc nh v tr ca
mt nguyn t cn xc
nh v v tr nguyn t,
chu k , nhm A/B, s th
t nhm
GV: Yu cu HS da vo HS: Tr li.
mi quan h gia v tr v HS: Ln bng gii
cu to nguyn t xc
nh v tr ca nguyn t

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

II. Bi tp
Dng 1 : Bit v tr ca nguyn t
trong bng tun hon (s th t chu
k, s th t nhm A/B) vit cu
hnh electron ca nguyn t
Bi 1 :
a) Bit nguyn t Br thuc chu k
4 , nhm VII A . Vit cu hnh
electron ca Br ?
b) Bit nguyn t Mn thuc chu k
4 , nhm VII B . Vit cu hnh
electron ca Mn ?
c/ Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t c
Z = 13, 15
Hng dn :
a) Phn tch :
- Nguyn t Br thuc chu k 4
nguyn t ca n phi c 4 lp e
- Nguyn t Br thuc nhm VII A
lp ngoi cng (lp th 4) c 7e
in vo phn lp s v p
4s24p5
Cu hnh electron y ca
Br : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
b) Phn tch :
- Nguyn t Mn thuc chu k 4
Mn c 4 lp e
- Mn thuc nhm VII B s
electron ha tr ca n bng 7
nhng phn b lp 3d v 4s
3d54s2
Cu hnh electron y ca Mn
: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
c/ : Z = 13 : 1s22s22p63s23p1
Z = 15 :s22s22p63s23p3
Dng 2:Bit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t v ion suy ra v tr ca
nguyn t trong bng tun hon
Th d : Cho cu hnh electron ca
1 nguyn t A :
1s22s22p63s23p634s2
Hy suy ra v tr ca A trong bng
tun hon

Trang 108

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


GV: Nhn xt v ghi im

Hot ng 3:
GV: Vit cu hnh
electron ca Clo? T
hy xc nh tnh cht ca
Clo?

Hot ng 4:
GV: Yu cu HS nhc li
cc bc cn bng phn
ng oxi ho kh theo
phng php thng bng
electron ? Sau mi
1HS ln bng cn bng

Hot ng 6:
GV yu cu HS nhc li
phng php xc nh tn
nguyn t v tho lun bi
tp 5
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: Lu cho HS cc
kin thc trng tm cn
ch

Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Tr li :
- A c 20e chim th 20 trong
bng tun hon
- A c 4 lp e thuc chu k 4
- A c 2e ho tr v l nguyn t s
thuc nhm IIA
HS: Tho lun v bo co kt
Dng 3: Bit v tr ca mt
qu:
nguyn t trong BTH xc nh
Z =17 1s22s22p63s23p5
tnh cht ca nguyn t .
- Clo c 7 electron lp ngoi cng Th d:
nn Clo l phi kim
Da vo v tr ca nguyn t Cl
- Clo c ha tr 7 trong hp cht
( Z = 17) trong BTH
vi oxi Cl2O7
Hy nu cc tnh cht sau ca
- C ho tr 1 trong hp cht vi
nguyn t :
H HCl
- Tnh kim loi hay tnh phi kim
- F, Cl, Br thuc mt nhm A: Z+ - Ho tr cao nht trong hp cht
tng dn , tmh phi kim gim dn vi oxi v hiro.
nn tnh phi kim ca Clo yu hn - Cng thc ca oxit cao nht ,
F v mnh hn Br
cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro
- So snh tnh cht ho hc ca
HS: Nhc li 4 bc cn bng
nguyn t Cl ( Z = 17) vi F
HS:
(Z = 9) v Br (Z = 35)
0
-2
+6
Dng 4: Cn bng phng trnh oxi
Cl2 + H2S + H2O H2SO4 +
ho kh sau:
-1
Cl2 + H2S + H2O H2SO4 + HCl
HCl
Dng 5: Xc nh tn nguyn t
Cl2 l cht oxi ho , H2S l cht
Cho 1,2 g mt kim loi M thuc
kh
nhm IIA trong BTH tc dng va
-2
+6
x1
S S + 8e : qt oxi ho vi dd HCl thu c 0,672 lt
kh (ktc)
0
-1
a. Xc nh tn kim loi
x4 Cl2 +2e 2Cl : qtkh
b. So snh tnh cht ho hc ca M
vi K (Z = 19) ? Gii thch.
4Cl2 + H2S + 4H2O H2SO4 +
Tr li:
8H2O
a. Gi kim loi l M . Ta c
phng trnh :
HS: Tho lun v ln bng trnh
M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
by.
n
M = nH2 = 0,672/22,4
= 0,03 (mol)
M

M
=
1,2/0,03
= 40(g/mol)
HS: Lng nghe v ch
Vy M l Ca
b. K v Ca l hai nguyn t lin tip
trong chu k 4 nn tnh kim loi ca
K mnh hn Ca.

4. Dn d: (1)

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 109

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong cng n tp


- Tm hiu bi: n tp tip theo.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 12/12/2009

Bi dy :

N TP HC K I

( Tip )

I / MC TIU
1.V Kin Thc :
Cng c cc kin thc v : lin kt ho hc, phn ng oxi ho kh, bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
2. V k nng:
- Xc nh cng ho tr v in ho tr ca nguyn t
- Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
- Tnh ton theo phng trnh ho hc.
3. Thi :
- Cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun.
II . CHUN B :
1. Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp c lin quan
2. Hc sinh: T n li cc kin thc theo cng n tp.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: nm vng cc kin thc hc, chng ta lm cc bi tp c lin quan
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
Bi 1:
GV yu cu HS nhc li in HS tr li v ln bng lm Xc nh cng ho tr v in ho tr
ho tr v ho tr ca nguyn
bi tp 1
ca cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht
nguyn t ? v vn dng lm
sau : HCl, NH3, Cl2, H2S, CH4 , CO2,
bi tp 1
NaF, MgO, ACl3
Tr li:
GV cho HS khc nhn xt v
- Hp cht HCl : Cl c CHT 1
b sung
H c CHT 1
- Hp cht NH3 : N c CHT 3
H c CHT 1
- Hp cht Cl2 : Cl c CHT 1
- Hp cht H2S : S c CHT 2

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 110

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

15

Hot ng 2:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc
bc cn bng phn ng oxi
ho kh ? v vn dng lm
bi tp 2
GV cho HS khc nhn xt v
b sung

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

HS tr li v ln bng lm
bi tp 2

H c CHT 1
- Hp cht CO2 : C c CHT 4
O c CHT 2
- Hp cht NaF : Na c HT 1+
F c HT 1- Hp cht MgO: Mg c HT 2+
O c HT 2- Hp cht AlCl3 : Al c HT 3+
Cl c HT 1Bi 2: Cn bng phn ng oxi ho
kh sau v ch r cht kh , cht oxi
ho, qu trnh oxi ho , qu trnh kh
trong cc phn ng :
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + S + H2 O
Tr li:
0

+6

+2

Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + S + H2O


Mg l cht kh, H2SO4 l cht oxi
ho
0

x3

Mg
+6

15

Hot ng 3:
GV hng dn HS gii bi tp HS: Tip thu thng tin
v xc nh nguyn t da
vo PTHH

+2

Mg + 2e
0

x1
S + 6e S
3Mg + 4H2SO4 3MgSO4+ S + 4H2O
Bi 3:
Cho 3,1g hn hp 2 kim loi hai chu
k lin tip nhau v u thuc nhm
IA ca BTH tc dng vi nc d thu
c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Xc nh
hai kim loi
Gii :
V 2 kim loi thuc nhm IA ca BTH
nn chng u c ho tr I
K hiu M chung cho c hai kim loi
M l khi lnh mol trung bnh ca
hai kim loi
2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 (1)
1,12

H2 = 22 ,4 = 0,05 (mol)
Theo(1): nM = 2nH2 = 2.0,05 = 0,1mol

Hot ng 4: Cng c
GV nhc nh HS mt s ch
khi gii cc dng bi tp

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

HS: Lng nghe v ghi nh

3,1

= 0,1 = 31
Vy phi c 1 kim loi c M < 31
l Na = 23 v mt kim loi c
M > 31, l K = 39
M

Trang 111

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

trn

4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong cng n tp
- Tm hiu bi: n tp chun b kim tra hc k
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 20/12/2009
Tit : 36

KIM TRA HC K I

I. MC CH YU CU:
1. Kin thc: Nhm nh gi, kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng trnh
hc k 1:
- Cng ho tr, in ho tr ca nguyn t?
- Cu hnh e nguyn t
- ngha BTH cc NTHH
- Phn ng oxi ho - kh
2. K nng :
- Xc nh cng ho tr v in ho tr ca nguyn t
- Vit cu hnh e nguyn t
- Xc nh v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t
- Cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh
- Tnh tn theo PTHH
3. Thi :
- Cn thn trong tnh ton v h thng li cc kin thc hc
II. CHUN B :
1. Gio vin : kim tra, p n v biu im
2. Hc sinh: n tp theo cng
III. HOT NG :
1. n nh tnh hnh lp : Kim tra s s lp, nhc nh HS nghim tc v trung thc khi lm bi
2. Pht kim tra :
KIM TRA: ( 001)
. TRC NGHIM:(5 im)
Hy khoanh trn mt trong cc ch ci A, B, C, D ng trc phng n chn ng.
Cu 1. Cc ht cu to nn hu ht cc nguyn t l :
A. protron v electron
B. ntron, protron v electron
C. ntron v proton
D. ntron v electron
Cu 2. Nguyn t X c Z = 18. S electron thuc lp ngoi cng l :

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 112

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

A. 1
B. 7
C. 8
D. 3
Cu 3.Nhng nguyn t no sau y l ng v ca nhau :
35
X ; 3177 Y
A. 174 X ; 168Y
B. 175 X ; 2120 Y
C. 178 X ; 23
D. 17
11Y
Cu 4.Kim cng c cu trc mng tinh th :
A.Nguyn t
B.Phn t
C.Khng xc nh c .
D.Ion
Cu 5.Cc phn t no sau y u c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc :
A. N2, Cl2, I2, H2, F2
B. N2, Cl2, HCl, H2, F2
C. N2, Cl2, HBr, H2, F2
D. N2, Cl2, HI, H2, F2
Cu 6.Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s2 th X2+ s c cu hnh e no sau y:
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p6
C. 1s22s22p63s1
D. 1s22s22p63s23p6
Cu 7. Trong BTH , nguyn t X c s th t 19, nguyn t X thuc :
A. Chu k 3, nhm VA
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA
Cu 8. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 3, nhm VA. Nguyn t c cu hnh electron l :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3p5
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
2
2
6
1
4
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
Cu 9. Cng ho tr ca N v H trong phn t NH3 l :
A. 3 v 1
B. 2 v 4
C. 5 v 1
D. 3 v 2
2
2
6
2
2
Cu 10. Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron nguyn t l:1s 2s 2p 3s 3p . R l:
A.Kim loi
B.Phi kim
C.Kh him
D. Va l kim loi va l phi kim
Cu 11. S oxi ho ca S trong H2SO4 l:
A. 2
B. + 6
C. + 4
D. + 5
Cu 12. in ho tr ca Ca trong CaCl2 l :
A. 1+
B. 2+
C. 3+
D. 4+
Cu 13. Trong bng tun hon nguyn t c tnh phi kim mnh nht l:
A. Photpho
B. Clo
C. Nit
D. Flo
27
Cu 14. S proton, ntron v electron trong ion
ln13
lt
l:
Al 3+
A. 13, 10, 14
B. 13, 14, 10
C. 13, 14, 27
D. 14, 10, 27
Cu 15. Trong phn ng oxi ho kh : Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO. Vai tr ca Cl2 l:
A. Cht oxi ho
B. Cht kh
C. Va l cht kh va l cht oxi ho
D. Khng l cht kh, khng l cht oxi ho
Cu 16. Du hiu nhn bit mt phn ng oxi ho- kh l
A. To ra cht kt ta
B. C s i mu ca cc cht
C. To ra cht kh
D. C s thay i s oxi ho ca mt s nguyn t
+5

-3

Cu 17. Cho phng trnh sau: N + ? e N


A.2e
B.8e
C.6e
Cu 18. Ion no sau y c th to thnh lin kt ion vi cation Ba2+

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

D.3e

Trang 113

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

A. Ca2+
B. NH 4+
C. ClD. Na+
Cu 19.Cho cc nguyn t X (Z= 11) , nguyn t Y (Z= 19) , nguyn t T ( Z = 13) . Tnh cht ho hc c bn
ca cc nguyn t v chiu tng dn l :
A.Tnh kim loi : T< X < Y
B.Tnh Phi kim : Y < T < X
C.Tnh kim loi : X < T < Y
D.Tnh Phi kim : Y< X < T
Cu 20. Mt nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng c dng ns1 c khuynh hng:
A. Nhn electron
B. Va nhn va nhng electron
C. Nhng electron
D. Khng nhn khng nhng electron
B. T LUN (5 im)
Cu 1: (2 im)
Nguyn t R c Z = 16. Hy:
a/ Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t R?
b/ Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t R trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc?
c/ Cho bit R l kim loi hay phi kim? Gii thch?
d/ Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hir?
Cu 2: (1,5 im)
Cn bng PTHH sau v ch r cht oxi ho, cht kh, s oxi ho, s kh trong phn ng ho hc sau:
HNO3 +
H2S
S
+ NO
+ H2O
Cu 3: (1,5 im)
Cho 3,6 gam mt kim loi thuc nhm IIA tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, thu c 3,36 lt kh hir (ktc)
v 53,3 gam dung dch A.
a/ Xc nh tn kim loi?
b/ So snh tnh cht n cht ca kim loi ny vi cc kim loi xung quanh n trong bng tun hon. Gii
thch?
c/ Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch axit dng?
(H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Ca = 40; Ba = 137)
P N BIU IM :
A.TRC NGHIM ( 5 im)
Mi la chn ng c 0,25 im
001
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1
7
B

1
8
C

1
9
A

20
C

B.T LUN ( 5 im)


Cu 1
a
b
c
d

Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p


V tr: R thuc chu k 3, nhm VIA
R l nguyn t phi kim v c 6e lp ngoi cng
- Cng thc oxit cao nht: RO3
- Cng thc hp cht vi hir: H2R

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

2 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
0,25 im

Trang 114

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Cu 2
- Cn bng phng trnh: 2HNO3 + 3H2S
- Cht oxi ho: HNO3
- Cht kh:
H2S
- Xc nh s kh - s oxi ho

1,5 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
0,5 im

3S + 2NO + 4H2O

Cu3
a
PTHH:

R
+ 2HCl
0,15
0,3
Khi lng mol R = 3,6 / 0,15 = 24
l kim loi Mg

RCl2

+ H2
3,36/22,4 = 0,15

1,5 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
(mol)
0,25 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
0,5 im

b
- Trong cng chu k: Tnh kim loi gim dn: Na > Mg > Al
- Trong cng nhm A: Tnh kim loi tng dn: Be < Mg < Ca
c
Lng H2 = 0,3 gam
S mol HCl = 0,3 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, lng dung dch HCl l :
53,3 + 0,3 3,6 = 50gam
0,3.36,5
Vy nng % dung dch HCl l :
.100% = 21,9%
50
IV.KT QU :
Lp
S s

0 1,5

SL
10A1
10A2
10A3
10A4
10A5

2 3

SL

3,5 4,5

SL

0,25 im
0,25 im

5 6

SL

6,5 7,5

SL

8 10
SL
%

30
31
40
38
31
3. Thu bi, nhc nh, dn d hc sinh

V. NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM :


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GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 115

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Ngy son: 11/1/2009


Tit 37
Chng 5:
Bi 21 :

NHM HALOGEN

KHI QUT V NHM HALOGEN

I. MC TIU :
1. Kin Thc :
Bit c:
- V tr nhm halogen trong bng tun hon.
- S bin i m in, bn knh nguyn t v mt s tnh cht vt l ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.
- Cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t halogen tng t nhau.
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh.
- S bin i tnh cht ha hc ca cc n cht trong nhm halogen.
2. K nng :
- Vit c cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t F, Cl, Br, I.
- D on c tnh cht ha hc c bn ca halogen l tnh oxi ha mnh da vo cu hnh lp electron
ngoi cng v mt s tnh cht khc ca nguyn t.
- Vit c cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht oxi ho mnh ca cc nguyn t halogen, quy lut bin i
tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.
3. Thi :
- Say m hc tp, yu thch mn Ho Hc
II . CHUN B :
1. Gio vin :
- Bng tun hon
- Bng 11 (SGK)
2. Hc sinh:
n li kin thc v cu to nguyn t, m in, SOXH, vit cu hnh electron.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Nhm halogen gm nhng nguyn t no v chng v tr no trong bng tun hon ? v chng c c im cu
to nh th no ? Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l g?

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 116

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu


- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
5 Hot ng 1:
GV: Treo BTH , yu cu HS
quan st v cho bit:
- Nhm halogen gm nhng
nguyn t no?
- V tr ca chng trong BTH ?
GV lu : At l nguyn t
phng x , khng gp trong t
nhin v c iu ch trong
cc l phn ng ht nhn
nn khng nghin cu At trong
nhm halogen
15 Hot ng 2:
GV: T v tr ca cc nguyn
t nhm halogen hy vit cu
hnh electron lp ngoi cng
ca cc nguyn t ? T
vit cu hnh tng qut lp
ngoi cng?
GV: T cu hnh electron lp
ngoi cng ca cc nguyn
t , hy rt ra nhn xt:
- S electron lp ngoi
cng?
- c cu hnh electron tng
t kh him (ns2np6 ) cc
halogen c khuynh hng c
trng g? T cho bit tnh
cht ho hc c bn ca
chng?
GV: V sao cc nguyn t ca
nguyn t halogen khng ng
ring l m hai nguyn t lin
kt vi nhau to ra phn t X2?
GV gi : hai nguyn t
halogen gp chung mt
electron to ra phn t X2
c lin kt CHT khng cc.
Hy biu din s hnh thnh
phn t X2?
Hot ng 3:
5
- GV treo bng 11 (SGK)
- GV cho HS nu tnh cht vt
l ca cc halogen

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

Hot ng ca HS
HS: Tho lun v tr li
theo nhm

Ni dung
I. V tr ca nhm halogen trong
bng tun hon
- Gm cc nguyn t :F, Cl,Br, Iv At
( nguyn t phng x)
- Thuc nhm VIIA

HS:
F ( Z = 9) : 2s22p5
Cl (Z = 17) : 3s23p5
Br (Z = 35) : 4s24p5
I (Z = 53) : 5s25p5
tng qut : ns2np5

II. Cu hnh electron nguyn t, cu


to phn t
1. Cu hnh e nguyn t :
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng
tng qut : ns2np5
- Xu hng c trng l nhn thm
1e : X + 1e
Xns2np5
ns2np6

HS: Tho lun v c i


din bo co kt qu

2. Cu to phn t :
- trng thi t nhin cc halogen tn
ti dng phn t : X2 ( F2, Cl2, Br2,
I2)
..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

: X + : X : X : X :

..

..

..

..

CTCT : X X

HS: : X + : X : X : X :

HS tr li

III. S bin i tnh cht


1) S bin i tnh cht vt l cc
n cht:

Trang 117

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

( trng thi tp hp, mu sc


tnc, ts )? qua HS nhn xt s
bin i tnh cht vt l, bn
knh nguyn t v m in

10

Hot ng 4:
GV hng dn HS quan st tr
s m in v nhn xt:
ln
S tng hay gim s oxi h
S oxi h ca Flo khc so vi
cc halogen cn li
Hot ng 5:
GV: Nguyn t halogen c bao
nhiu electron lp ngoi
cng ? T cho bit khuynh
hng c trng ca cc
nguyn t halogen?
GV: Vy cc halogen c tnh
cht g ? Tnh cht bin i
nh th no t F I?
Hot ng 6: Cng c
GV: Cho HS lm bi tp 2,3
trong SGK

HS: Quan st gi tr m
in v rt ra nhn xt

HS: cc nguyn t halogen


u c 7e lp ngoi cng

khuynh hng c trng l


nhn thm 1e to thnh ion
halogenua
HS: c tnh oxi ho mnh
T F I : tnh oxi ho
gim dn

Trng thi Mu sc
F2
Kh
Lc nht
Cl2
Kh
Vng lc
Br2
Lng
Nu
I2
Rn
en tm

Nhn xt:
- Trng thi tp hp: kh lng
rn
- Mu sc : m dn
- tnc, ts : tng dn
2) S bin i m in
- m in tng i ln v gim
fn tg Flo n It
- Flo c m in ln nht nn ch c
s oxi h -1 trong cc hp cht
Cc halogen khc ngi s oxi h -1,
cn c cc s oxi h : +1, +3, +5, +7.
3) S bin i tnh cht h hc cc
n cht:
- L nhng phi kim c tnh oxi h
mnh
- Tnh oxi h gim dn t F2 n I2

HS: Lm bi tp 2,3
p n D, B

4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1, 4, 5, 6,7,8( SGK)
- Chun b bi: Clo
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 13/1/2009


Tit 38

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 118

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Bi 21 :

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

CLO

I. MC TIU :
1. Kin Thc :
- Bit c: Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, ng dng ca clo, phng php iu ch Clo
- Hiu c :Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo l phi kim mnh, c tnh oxi ho mnh ( tc dng vi kim
loi, hiro, nc). Clo cn th hin tnh kh.
2. K nng :
- D on, kim tra v kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo.
- Vit cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht ho hc v iu ch clo.
- Xc nh s oxi ho.
3. Thi :
- Cn thn vi ho cht c hi
- thc bo v mi trng, sc kho.
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : Gio n
2/ Hc sinh: Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Trnh by s bin i tnh cht ca cc
Nguyn t Halogen c 7e lp ngi cng nn d
halogen?
dng thu thm 1 e to thnh ion m.
X + 1e X2
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
ns np5
ns2 np6
Halogen l phi kim in hnh, c tnh xi h mnh,
kh nng gim t F I.
3/ Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Clo l nguyn t halogen tiu biu v quan trng nht tronh nhm VIIA. Vy Clo c tnh cht vt l v tnh cht
ho hc g?
Tin trnh tit dy:

GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 119

TG
Hot ng ca GV
5 Hot ng 1:
GV: Cho HS tm hiu SGK
Trng
THPT
Phan
Bimu
Chu
v cho
bit trng
thi,
sc v tnh c ca kh clo?
4. DnGV:
d: Tnh
( 1) t khi ca kh clo
so vi khng kh t cho
bit kh clo nng hay nh
hn khng kh ?
GV: Nhn xt tnh tan ca
clo trong nc v trong dung
mi hu c?
GV b sung : Kh clo tan
trong nc theo t l
V
H2O : VCl2 = 1 :2,5
20 Hot ng 2:
GV: Gii thiu v s oxi ho
ca clo: Nguyn t clo c
m in ln (3,16), ch ng
sau nguyn t flo (3,98) v
oxi (3,44). V vy, trong cc
hp cht vi cc nguyn t
ny, clo c s oxi ho dng
cn trong cc trng hp
khc clo c s oxi ho m
GV: Vit cu hnh electron
ca clo? T cho bit
khuynh hng c trng ca
clo khi tham gia cc phn
ng ho hc?
GV dn dt: Tnh oxi ha
ca clo th hin qua cc phn
ng sau y, ta ln lt xt
cc phn ng ny.
GV: Biu din phn ng gia
clo vi Na . Sau yu cu
HS vit PTP v xc nh s
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
trong phn ng.
GV: Vit PTP v xc nh
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
trong phn ng Cl2 + Fe
GV: Nhn mnh Fe b oxi
ho ln s oxi ho cao nht
l + 3
GV: Cho HS vit phn ng
Cl2 + Cu
- GV thng bo : nhit
thng v bng ti, Clo
khng phn ng vi H2 , khi
chiu sng phn ng xy ra
nhanh v c th n ( theo t
1:1)
GVlNguyn
Th Thu Hin
GV: Cho HS vit sn phm
ca phn ng v xc nh
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn

Hot ng ca HS
HS : Tm hiu SGK v tr li

Ni dung
I.Tnh chat vat ly
- Clo l cht kh mu vng lc, mi
xc , rt cGio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: d = 71/29 2,5 kh clo - Kh clo nng gp 2,5 ln khng kh
- Tan trong nc to thnh nc clo
nng hn khng kh
c mu vng nht .
- Tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu
c nh bezen, etanol,
HS : Nhn xt

HS: Tip thu thng tin

II. Tnh cht ho hc:


Cc mc oxi ho ca clo : -1, 0, +1,
+3, +5, +7
Cl + 1e Cl Vy tnh cht ha hc c bn ca
clo l tnh oxi ha mnh
1. Tc dng vi kim loi:
Clo oxi ho hu ht kim loi nhit
thng hoc khng cao lm
0

+1 -1

2Na + Cl2 2NaCl


HS:
2
2
6
2
5
17Cl: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
- Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn
t clo c 7e, khuynh hng
c trng l nhn thm 1e. Do
tnh cht ho hc c bn
ca clo l tnh oxi ho mnh
HS: Vt phn ng v xc nh
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
trong cc phn ng

+3

-1

2Fe + Cl2 > 2FeCl3


0

Cu

+2 -1

+ Cl2

CuCl2

2. Tc dng vi H2
0

H2

+1 -1

+ Cl2 > 2HCl

Ch : nH2 : nCl2 = 1:1


HS: Vit PTHH v xc nh s hn hp n mnh.
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t

Trang 120

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Gio n 10 Ban c bn

- Bi tp v nh: 1 7 ( SGK)
- Tm hiu bi : Hiro clorua, axit clohiric v mui clorua
IV. RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
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GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin

Trang 121

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