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Gio n 10 Ban c bn
TUN 1
Tit: 1
N TP U NM
Bi dy:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
- Gip hc sinh h thng li cc kin thc ho hc c bn hc THCS c lin quan trc tip n chng trnh
lp 10 nh: Nguyn t, ho tr v cch lp cng thc ho hc, Cc loi hp cht v c
2. K nng :
- Rn luyn k nng tnh theo cng thc v phng trnh phn ng, t khi ca cht kh .
- Rn luyn k nng gii ton bng cch p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng.
3. Thi :
To c s gy hng th hc tp mn Ho Hc.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng cu hi ,bi tp v bng ph:
S phn bit cc khi nim:
Nguye
n
t
Nguye
n
to
Cu
ng
loa
n
cha
t
Kha
c
loai
Hp
cha
t
Cu
ng
loa
i
Pha
n
t
Kha
c
loai
Nguye
n
cha
t
Ho
n
hp
Trang 1
Hot ng 2:
GV: T cng thc chung:
Axa B yb hy nhc li quy tc ho
tr ?
GV ly v d cho HS thc hin
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Hp cht v c gm
cc loi: Oxit, axit, baz,
mui.
HS: T phn loi v ly v
d.
HS: Ln lt nhc li tnh
cht ca kim loi, phi kim
- OA
Oxit
Hp cha
t
voc
Axit
Baz
Muo
i
- OB
- OTT
- OLT
HS: Tr li
- Baz tan
- Baz kho
ng tan
- Muo
i axit
- Muo
i trung tnh
HS: Tr li
GV cho HS phn loi tng HCVC
HS: Ch vn dng
v ly v d minh ho?
5
lm bi tp
Hot ng 4:
4. Bng tun hon
Th no l nguyn t, chu k,
- nguyn t
nhm ?
- Chu k
3
Hot ng 5: Cng c
- Nhm
GV lu HS: iu kin kim loi
phn ng c vi axit thng
4. Dn d: (1)
-Bi tp v nh:
Gii cc bi tp tnh C%, CM, khi lng ring ca dung dch, t khi .
-Chun b bi: n li cc cng thc tnh
IV. RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
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Trang 2
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Tit: 2
Bi dy:
N TP U NM
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
n tp li cc khi nim c bn v dung dch v cc cng thc tnh , nng C%, nng mol CM, khi
lng ring ca dung dch, hiu sut phn ng
2. K nng :
- Rn luyn k nng tnh theo phng trnh phn ng m lp 8, 9 cc em lm quen.
- Rn luyn k nng tnh C%, CM.
3. Thi :
- To c s cho HS yu thch mn hc
- Rn luyn thi khoa hc, nghim tc.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
H thng cu hi v bi tp
2. Hc sinh:
n tp li cc ni dung m GV nhc nh tit trc
III. HOT NG DY HC:
1.n nh tnh hnh lp: (1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh.
2.Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3.Ging bi mi:
Gii thiu bi:Dung dch l mt phn kin thc quan trng ca chng trnh nn chng ta cn n li mt
s khi nim v cc cng thc tnh c bn.
Tin trnh bi dy:
Trang 3
TG
15
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Hot ng 1:
HS: Dung dch l hn hp
GV: Yu cu HS nu nh
ng nht gia dung mi v
Trng
THPT
Phan
Bi
Chu
ngha v dung dch ?
cht tan.
GV: tm tt:
4.Dn d:(1) Cht tan
Dung dch
Dung mi
m
=
m
+
mdm
dd
ct
n Ni dung
V (l )
4.Dung dch:
Gio n 10
Ban
Cht
tan c bn
1. Dung dch
Dung moi
m dd = mct + mdm
n
V
V(l) =
n
CM
Mi quan h gia C% v CM
CM =
C %. D.10
m
;D=
M
V
V =22,4xn
n =V/22,4
m =nxM
n
n =A/N
A =n/N
A
25
GV : - Th no l t khi ?
Vit cng thc tnh t
khi ?
- T khi ca kh A so
vi kh B cho bit iu g ?
m=n.M
* N: s Avogadro, N 6,023.1023 ht
nguyn t hoc ht phn t.
HS: t khi ca kh A so vi 7. T khi ca cht kh :
*
kh B cho bit kh A nng
i lng mol cu
a kh A
hay nh hn kh B bao nhiu
M A M A :Kho
d
=
A
/
B
ln
MB MB :Kho
i lng mol cu
a kh B
M
* dA/ KK = A
Trang 4
29
* 29g l khi lng ca 1mol khng kh
(0.8mol N2 n
v 0.2mol
0,2 O2)
8.
nh
lut
bo
ton khi lng
0,8
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
TUN 2
Chng 1: NGUYN T
Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin
Trang 5
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Bit c :
- Nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch dng v v electron ca nguyn t mang in tch m; kch
thc, khi lng ca nguyn t .
- Ht nhn gm cc ht prton v ntron .
- K hiu, khi lng v in tch ca eletron, prton, ntron.
2. K nng:
- So snh khi lng ca electron vi prton, ntron.
- so snh kch thc ca electron vi prton, ntron.
3. Thi :
Tp pht hin v gii quyt vn qua cc th nghim kho st v cu trc nguyn t.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin: Tranh v phng to m phng cc th nghim : s tm ra electron, khm ph ra ht nhn
nguyn t (nu c).
2. Hc sinh: Tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : Kim tra s slp .
2. Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi.
- Gii thiu bi: Ho Hc lp 8 cc em bit khi nim nguyn t, hy nhc li khi nim nguyn t l g?
Nguyn t c to t nhng ht no ?
Nh vy chng ta bit khi nim nguyn t l g? Nhng nguyn t c kch thc, khi lng v thnh phn
cu to nh th no? Kch thc, khi lng v in tch ca cc ht to nn nguyn t l bao nhiu? Bi hc
hm nay s gii p c cu hi .
Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
10
Hot ng ca hc sinh
Ni dung
Trang 6
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
1. Electron
a. S tm ra electron:
HS: Tia m cc c in
tch m.
Trang 7
10
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
nn b y.
- V ch c mt phn nh
cc ht b lch hng
chng t ht mang in
tch dng trong nguyn
t gy nn va chm ch
chim mt th tch rt nh
trong nguyn t
HS: Ghi kt lun
HS: Tip thu thng tin
3. Cu to ca ht nhn nguyn t
Ht nhn gm proton (p) v ntron
(n)
mp = 1,6726.10-27kg
qp = +1,602.10-19 C
= + e0 = 1+
mn =1,6748.10-27kg
qn =0
Nguyn t trung ho v in nn
S n v in tch dng ht nhn
= s p = s e
HS:Tr li
HS: Nu kt lun
1nm = 10 A A
ng knh ca nguyn t: d = 1010
m = 1 A = 10-1nm
27
HS: 1u = 19 ,9265 .10
2.Khi lng:
n v khi lng nguyn t l u
hoc .V.C
12
Trang 8
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
-27
= 1,66005.10 kg
1u =
1
khi lng 1 nguyn t C
12
ng v 12
27
1u = 19 ,9265 .10
12
Hot ng 5: Cng c
Hy cho bit thnh phn cu to
ca nguyn t ?
=1,66005.10-27kg
VD: Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca
H theo u , bit khi lng nguyn t
ca n l 1,6738.10-27kg
Tr li :
Khi lng nguyn t H theo u l:
HS: Nu tm tt thnh
phn cu to ca nguyn
t.
1,6738 .10 27
1u
1,66005 .10 27
3. Dn d: (1)
-Bi tp v nh:1,2,3,4,5 (SGK).
- Chun b bi: Ht nhn nguyn t Nguyn t ho hc- ng v.
IV.RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
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Bi 2
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin
TUN 2
HT NHN NGUYN T.
NGUYN T HO HC. NG V
Trang 9
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
- Gip hc HS hiu c cc khi nim in tch ht nhn, s khi , nguyn t khi v cch tnh.
-T hiu c nh ngha nguyn t ho hcv k hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t.
2. K nng:
- Xc nh c s electron, s proton, s ntron khi bit k hiu nguyn t v s khi ca nguyn t v
ngc li.
3. Thi :
Bit s dng linh hot cc cng thc v: s n v in tch ht nhn, s khi.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Phiu hc tp
2.Hc sinh: Tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : Kim tra s slp (1p ,).
2. Kim tra bi c :( 5)
GV: Yu cu mt HS trnh by tm tt thnh phn
cu to ca nguyn t v cho bit in tch, khi
lng cc ht c bn ?
+Lp v electron (e )
qe = 1me = 0,00055u
3. Ging bi mi.
- Gii thiu bi: Bi hc trc ta bit cu to ht nhn nguyn t . Hm nay chng ta tip tc nghin cu.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
10 Hot ng 1: in tch ht nhn
GV: Nguyn t c cu to bi
cc loi ht c bn no ? T
rt ra kt lun in tch ca ht
nhn do in tch ca loi ht
no quyt nh?
GV b sung: Nu nguyn t c
Z prton th in tch ht nhn l
Z+ v s n v in tch ht
nhn l Z
GV: S n v in tch ht nhn
bng s ht no trong ht nhn?
GV: in tch ca mi ht e l
1- m nguyn t trung ho v
in, vy c nhn xt g v s p
Hot ng ca HS
HS:
Ht nhn(p,n)
Nguyn t
Lp v(e)
HS: in tch ca ht nhn do
ht proton quyt nh.
HS: S n v in tch ht
nhn bng s proton.
Ni dung
I. Ht nhn nguyn t:
1. in tch ht nhn:
-Trong nguyn t:
S n v in tch ht nhn Z =
S proton = S electron
HS: S p = s e.
Trang 10
10
v s e trong nguyn t?
GV: Biu thc lin h gia Z, s
p, v s e
GV cho v d: p dng: Nguyn
t oxi c in tch ht nhn l 8+
. Hy xc nh s p, se v s
n v in tch ht nhn.
Hot ng 2: S khi
GV: Nu nh ngha v s khi
cng thc.
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Z = S prton = s
electron
HS: 8 prton v 8 elelectron.
HS: Ghi nh ngha v cng
thc.
Hot ng 3: nh ngha
GV: t vn : Tnh cht ho
hc ca mt nguyn t ph
thuc vo s electron v do
ph thuc vo s n v in
tch ht nhn Z ca nguyn t
cc nguyn t c cng s n v
in tch ht nhn Z c cng tnh
cht ho hc
GV: Nu nh ngha nguyn t
ho hc?
GV: Cc nguyn t c cng s
n v in tch ht nhn l 11
u thuc nguyn t Na v u
c 11p v11e.
GV nhn mnh: Ngi ta thy
tnh cht ring bt ca nguyn
t ch c gi nguyn khi in
tch ht nhn c bo ton.
Nu in tch ht nhn thay i
th tnh cht nguyn t cng thay
i theo
GV: Cho n nay, bit c 92
nguyn t ho hc t nhin v
18 nguyn t ho hc nhn to.
Hot ng 4: S hiu nguyn t
2. S khi: (k hiu l A)
a. nh ngha: S khi l tng
s ht prton v tng s ht
ntron ca ht nhn :
A=Z+N
Trong : A : s khi
Z : s p
N: s n
VD: Nguyn t Na c 11p v
12n, vy s khi ht nhn
nguyn t natri :
A = 11 + 12 = 23
b.S n v in tch ht nhn Z
v s khi A t trng cho ht
nhn v cng c trng cho
nguyn t , v khi bit c Z v
A ca mt nguyn t s bit
c s p, s e v c s ntron
ca nguyn t ( N = A Z)
VD: Ht nhn nguyn t clo c
Z = 17 v A = 35.
nguyn t c 17p,17e v 18n
II.Nguyn t ho hc:
1.nh ngha:
Nguyn t ho hc l nhng
nguyn t c cng in tch ht
nhn.
2. S hiu nguyn t:
S hiu nguyn t l s n v
in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t
nguyn t , k hiu l Z.
Trang 11
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
3. K hiu nguyn t:
A
Z
Trong :
X l k hiu ho hc ca
nguyn t.
A l s khi.
Z l s n v in tch ht
nhn.
VD: 1375 Cl Cho bit :
S khi : 35; S THN : 17;
s p: 17; s e : 17;
s n = 35 17 = 18
Ch : 1
N
1,5
Z
Hot ng 6: Cng c (6 ,)
Hy ch ra s n v in tch ht nhn, s proton, s ntron v s e trong cc nguyn t sau:
7
3
39
19
Li,
K,
24
12
Mg,
Ca.
40
20
Gii
Nguyn
t
7
3
39
19
24
12
Li
S n v in tch ht
nhn
Z
3
S proton
S ntron
S e v
Z
3
N
4
E
3
19
19
20
19
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
20
K
Mg
40
20
Ca
3.Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2,4 (sgk).
- Tm hiu bi : Ht nhn nguyn t .Nguyn t ho hc. ng v(tip)
IV. RT KINH NHGIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 29/8/2011
Tun 3
Tit: 5
Bi 2
HT NHN NGUYN T
NGUYN T HO HC. NG V (tt)
Trang 12
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Gip hc HS hiu c khi nim ng v, nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mt nguyn t.
2. K nng:
Bit cch xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mt nguyn t c nhiu ng v.
3. Thi :
- Hiu cc khi nim v s dng c cc cng thc.
- Bit nhiu ng dng quan trng ca ng v phng x
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Tranh v hnh 1.4 (SGK).
2.Hc sinh: n li khi nim ht nhn nguyn t , nguyn t ho hc.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :( 5)
GV: Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau:
HS ln bng lm:
1
2
16
17
18
3
H ;1 H ; 1 H
8 O ; 8 O ; 8 O ;1
Nguyn
S p
S e
S n
S khi
Tnh s proton, s electron , s ntron v s
t
khi ca mi nguyn t.
16
8
8
8
16
8O
17
GV : Gi 2HS ln bng.
8
8
9
17
8O
18
8
Nguyn
t
10
18
S p
S e
S n
S khi
1
1
2
1
3
1
2. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:Chng ta bit nguyn t ho hc l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn. Vy
nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc c gi l g ? Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
10
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1: Vo bi
GV: T kim tra bi c, yu cu
HS nhn xt v s p, s n, s A
ca nhng nguyn t ca cng
mt nguyn t?
GV: Khng nh : nhng nguyn
t ca cng mt nguyn t ho
hc trn c gi l cc ng
v.Vy th no l ng v?
GV treo tranh v cc ng v ca
hiro v yu cu HS xc nh s
Hot ng ca HS
HS: Cc nguyn t ca cng
mt nguyn t c cng s
proton , cn s ntron vs
khi khc nhau.
HS: ng v l nhng
nguyn t c cng s protron
nhng khc nhau v s
ntron, do s khi A ca
chng khc nhau
Ni dung
III. ng v:
Cc ng v ca cng 1 nguyn t
l nhng nguyn t c cng s
protron nhng khc nhau v s
ntron, do s khi A ca chng
khc nhau.
Trang 13
10
p, e, n
GV:Vy hiro trong t nhin ca
1
2
3 ng v: 1 H ; 1 H ; 13 H .
Hu ht cc nguyn t ho hc l
hn hp ca nhiu ng v. Ch
c mt s nguyn t nh Al, F
khng c ng v. Ngoi khong
340 ng v t nhin, ngi ta
cn iu ch c hn 2400
ng v nhn to.
GV: Gii thiu mt s ng dng
quan trng ca ng v phng x
trong cc lnh vc: sinh hc,
nng nghip v y t.
GV lu : Do in tch ht nhn
quyt nh tnh cht nguyn t
nn cc ng v c cng s
proton tc l c cng in tch
ht nhn th c TCHH ging
nhau.
Hot ng 2:
GV: n v khi lng nguyn
t =?(u)
GV: Nguyn t X c khi lng
40u nng gp bao nhiu ln
n v khi lng nguyn t ?
GV: Gi 40 l nguyn t khi.
Vy nguyn t khi l g?
GV: Nguyn t c cu to bi
cc ht c bn nh: proton ,
electron, ntron. Vy khi lng
ca nguyn t?
GV: V me rt nh khi lng
ca nguyn t khi lng ca
ht nhn.
GV: V mp mn 1u
Nguyn t khi coi nh bng s
khi (khi khng cn chnh
xc cao).
10
Hot ng 3:
GV t vn : Hu ht cc
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Chng u c 1 proton
trong ht nhn nguyn t , c
1 electron v ca nguyn
t nhng s ntron ln lt
l 0,1 v2
l:
1
1
H ;
proti
2
1
teri
3
1
H
Triti
Ch : Vi cc nguyn t c
+ Z 82 ng v bn
+ Z > 82 ng v phng x
HS: HS: Tr li
nguyn t.
Ch : Nguyn t khi c th coi
nh bng s khi ht nhn
VD: Xc nh nguyn t khi ca
N , bit Z = 7 v N = 7.
Khi lng ca mt nguyn t l:
7u + 7u = 14 u.
Nguyn t khi ca N l: 14
2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
aX + bY
100
Trang 14
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
nguyn t ho hc l hn hp
ca nhiu ng v nn nguyn t
khi ca nguyn t l nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca hn hp
cc ng v tnh theo t l phn
trm s nguyn t ca mi ng
v.
HS: Tip thu thng tin
GV: Hng dn HS cng tnh th
d trong SGK.
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: Cho HS lm bi tp
Bi 1 :
Cc nguyn t no l ng v
ca nhau :
23
D
A. 174 G ; 168 M B. 178 L ; 11
15
22
16
17
C. 7 E ; 10 Q D. 8 M ; 8 L
Bi 2 : Nguyn t Cacbon c 2
ng v bn : 126 C chim
98,89% v 163 C chiem
1,11%
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
nguyn t Cacbon l :
A. 12,50
B. 12,011
C. 12,022
D. 12,055
ACl =
8
HS: Th s vo cng thc
tnh kt qu :
ACl =
35,5
HS: Cau D
HS: Cau B
4. Dn d : ( 1)
-Bi tp v nh : Cc bi tp trong SGK
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ni, bit rng trong t nhin Ni c cc ng v sau :
58
28
60
28
Ni
67,76%
Ni
26,16%
61
28
Ni
2,42%
62
28
Ni
3,66%
p s: 58,74
- Chun b bi :n li kin thc c luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG :
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son: 29/8/2011
Tun 3
Tit: 6
Bi 3:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Trang 15
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1:
GV: Kim tra 3 HS.
1. Cho bit thnh phn cu to
nguyn t v khi lng, in
tch cc ht to nn nguyn t?
2. Mi quan h cc ht trong
nguyn t vi s n v in
tch ht nhn Z ?
Hot ng ca HS
HS1: Nguyn t bao gm
ht nhn mang in tch
dng (p, n) vlp v
mang in tch m (e):
+ mp = mn 1u
+ me = 0,00055u
+q p = 1+, qn =0, qe = 1HS2: Z = sp = s e
32
Hot ng 2:
GV: cho cc bi tp p dng:
Bi 1:
HS: Chun b 2 pht
a. Hy tnh khi lng (kg) ca HS: m7p =1,6762.10-27x 7
nguyn t nit (gm 7p,7e,7n).
= 11,7082. 10-27kg
b. Tnh t s khi lng ca
m7n =1,6748. 10-27x 7
electron trong nguyn t nit
= 11,7236. 10-27kg
Ni dung
I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
1.Thnh phn cu to nguyn t :
Ht nhn (p,n)
Ng t
Lp v(e)
+ mp = mn 1u
+ me = 0,00055u
+q p = 1+, qn =0, qe = 12.Trong nguyn t :
+ Z = sp = s n
+A=Z+N
3.K hiu nguyn t :
A
Z
4. Cng thc tnh nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca cc ng v:
A
=aX + bY
100
II. Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1:
a. mN = m7p + m7n + m7n
=11,7082. 10-27kg + 11,7236.
Trang 16
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
GV: Hy lp t s : m7 e
mN
Nhn xt ?
HS:
m7 e
=
mN
0,0064 .10 27
23 ,4382 .10 27
= 0,00027
HS: Nhn xt: Khi lng
cc electron qu nh b
KLNT coi bng khi lng
ca ht nhn (b qua khi
lng e).
Bi 2: Tnh nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca nguyn t K
bit rng trong t nhin thnh
phn % cc ng v ca K l:
39
40
93,258% 19 K 0,012% 19 K ;
41
6,730% 19 K .
GV: Ap dng cng thc tnh
A K v cho bit gi tr trung
bnh gn vi s khi no nht ?
Ti sao?
Bi 3: ng c hai ng v
65
63
bn 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca ng l
63,54. Tnh thnh phn phn
trm v s nguyn t ca mi
ng v.
GV ch HS: Tng t l phn
trm s nguyn t ca cc
ng v = 100%
Bi 4: Vit cng thc cc loi
phn t ng (II) oxit, bit
rng ng v oxi c cc ng
v sau:
16
17
18
65
8 O; 8 O; 8 O v 29 Cu ,
63
29
= 39,13484 39
39
( % ng v 19 K l ln nht)
Bi 3:
63
Gi thnh phn % ca 29 Cu l x,
65
thnh phn % ca 29 Cu l (100- x)
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng
HS: Tho lun v c i
din ln bng
ACu
63 x + 65 (100 x )
= 63,54
100
x = 73
Vy: 2963 Cu chim 75%
65
29 Cu chim 27%
Bi 4: C 6 cng thc:
65
Cu16O, 65Cu17O, 65Cu18O
63
Cu16O, 63Cu17O, 63Cu18O
Cu
Bi 5:
Tng cc ht c bn ca X :
Z + N + E =82 m Z = E
Trang 17
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
mang in l 22. Xc nh s
HS: Z + N + E =82
2Z + E = 82
khi v s hiu nguyn t ca
m Z = E 2Z + E = 82
Mt khc , ta c s ht mang in
X?
HS: 2Z N = 22
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l
GV hng dn HS:
22 , nn : 2Z N = 22
- Tng cc ht c bn ca
HS: Gii h
Gii h : 2Z + E = 82
X = 82 biu thc ?
2Z N = 22
Z = 26, N = 30
- s ht mang in nhiu hn
Z
=
26,
N = 30
A = 26 + 30 = 56.
s ht khng mang in l 22
A = 26 + 30 = 56.
biu thc ?
- Gii h tm Z, N A?
4. Dn d: (2)
- Bi tp v nh: 3,5(sgk) v cc bi tp trong sch bi tp.
- Chun b: Cu to v nguyn t.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM - B SUNG:
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Bi 4 :
CU TO V NGUYN T
Trang 18
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Gip hc HS hiu:
- Trong nguyn t electron chuyn ng rt nhanh xung quanh ht nhn khng theo nhng qu o xc nh
to nn v nguyn t.
- Trong nguyn t, cc e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo mt lp (K, L, M, N).
- Mt lp e bao gm mt hay nhiu phn lp. Cc e trong mi phn lp c mc nng lng bng nhau.
2. K nng:
Xc nh c th t cc lp electron trong nguyn t, s phn lp (s, p, d) trong mt lp
3. Thi :
HS thy c tinh thn lm vic cng ng ca nhn loi: Mi vn m nh khoa hc ny cha gii quyt
c li c cc th h k tip gii quyt .
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Tranh v hnh 1.6 (SGK)
2.Hc sinh: Tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :( Khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
GV: Yu cu HS nhc li thnh phn cu to nguyn t ?
GV: Ta bit lp v nguyn t do cc electron to nn. Vy trong nguyn t electron chuyn ng nh th
no? Cu to v nguyn t ra sao ? Th no l lp, phn lp electron ? Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
-Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I. S chuyn ng ca cc
GV: t vn : Nh bit v
electron trong nguyn t :
electron ca nguyn t gm cc
electron chuyn ng xung quanh
ht nhn , vy s chuyn ng
ca electron trong nguyn t nh HS: Tip thu thng tin v
th no? Trng thi chuyn ng ghi cc kt lun.
- Theo quan im hin i : trong
chuyn ng ca electron c
nguyn t cc electron chuyn
ging s chuyn ng ca cc vt
ng rt nhanh trong khu vc xung
th ln hay khng?
quanh ht nhn nguyn t khng
GV: Treo hnh 1.6 (sgk) v thng
theo nhng qu o xc nh to
bo
nn v nguyn t .
15 Hot ng 2:
- Trong nguyn t :
GV t vn tip : Vy th cc e
S electron = s proton = Z = STT
c phn b xung quanh ht
ca nguyn t trong bng tun
nhn theo quy lut no ?
hon.
GV din ging: Nguyn t gm
II. Lp electron v phn lp
c ht nhn mang in tch dng HS: Tip thu thng tin
electron
v lp v electron mang in tch
m. Nh vy ht nhn s ht
Trang 19
15
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
1. Lp electron
- Cc electron trng thi c bn
chim ln lt cc mc nng
lng t thp n cao v c sp
xp thnh tng lp t trong ra
ngoi.
- Cc electron lp trong c
mc nng lng thp hn so vi
lp ngoi
- Cc electron trn cng mt lp
c mc nng lung gn bng
nhau .
- Biu din :
STT
1
2
3
4
HS: Ghi cc nhn xt
HS: Lp K l lp gn ht
nhn nht c mc nng
lng thp nht .
lp
(n)
Tn
lp
2. Phn lp electron .
-Mi lp electron li phn chia
thnh cc phn lp.
-Cc electron thuc mt phn lp
c mc nng lng bng nhau.
-K hiu : s, p, d, f.
- S phn lp trong mi lp
= STT ca lp .
Lp
S phn lp
K (n=1)
1s
L(n=2)
2s2p
M(n=3)
3s3p3d
N(n=4)
4s4p4d4f
Cc e phn lp s gi l eletron s
Cc e phn lp p gi l eletron p
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh:1,2 (sgk)
- Tm hiu bi : S electron ti a trong mt lp phn lp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG
Trang 20
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
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Bi 4 :
CU TO V NGUYN T ( tt)
Trang 21
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Gip hc HS:
- Bit c s electron ti a trong mt phn lp v lp electron
- Vit c s s phn b electron trn cc lp ca mt s nguyn t .
2. K nng:
- Tnh c s electron ti a trong mt phn lp, lp electron
- Biu din s s phn b electron trn cc lp ca mt s nguyn t .
3. Thi :
Bit tch lu cc kt lun khoa hc v dn bin n thnh kinh nghim ca bn thn vn dng.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin: Tranh v hnh 1.7 (SGK) , bng 2, v phiu hc tp
2.Hc sinh: n li cc kin thc: lp, phn lp v k hiu. Tm hiu bi mi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1p ,) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :(10p)
GV:Hy cho bit tn ca cc lp electron
HS: n =
1
2
3
4
tng ng vi cc gi tr ca n = 1, 2, 3,4.
Tn lp
K
L
M
N
Cho bit cc lp ln lt c bao nhiu
S phn lp 1
2
3
4
phn lp electron ?
(k hiu)
1s
2s,2p 3s, 3p, 3d 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Cc em bit trong nguyn t cc electron c phn b thnh tng lp v phn lp. Vy
trn mi lp v phn lp s c ti a bao nhiu electron .Chng ta cng tm hiu trong bi hc hm nay.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
1
15
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1:Vo bi
GV: Yu cu HS cho bit c my
phn lp? V k hiu ca mi
phn lp?
GV: Vy s electron ti a trong
mi phn lp l bao nhiu?
Chng ta cng tm hiu.
Hot ng2: S electron ti a
trong mt phn lp:
GV: Da vo sgk hy cho bit s
electron ti a trong mi phn
lp?
GV lu : Phn lp electron
c s electron ti a gi l
phn lp electron bo ho.
Hot ng 3: electron ti a
Hot ng ca HS
HS: c 4 phn lp: s, p, d, f
HS: Tr li:
- Phn lp s : 2 electron
- Phn lp p : 6 electron
- Phn lp d : 10 electron
- Phn lp f : 14 electron
Ni dung
III. S electron ti a trong
mt phn lp, mt lp
1. S electron ti a trong mt
phn lp:
- Phn lp s cha ti a 2
electron
- Phn lp p cha ti a 6
electron
- Phn lp d cha ti a 10
electron
- Phn lp f cha ti a 14
electron
2. S electron ti a trong mt
lp:
Trang 22
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
trong mt lp:
GV t vn : Mi lp electron
phn chia thnh nhiu phn
lp.Cc em bit s electron ti
a trong mi phn lp . Vy s e
ti a trong mi lp l bao nhiu .
Chng ta cng tm hiu phn 2
GV: Pht phiu hc tp:
in s electron ti a ca phn
HS: tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
lp v lp vo bng sau:
in vo bng:
Lp
Phn
Lp
K
n=1
L
n=2
M
n=3
s
S e ti
a ca
phn
lp
S e ti
a ca
lp
Lp
Phn
Lp
S e
ti a
ca
phn
lp
S e
ti a
ca
lp
K
n=1
L
n=2
- Lp K (n=1) cha ti a 2
electron
- Lp L ( n=2) cha ti a 8
electron
- Lp M ( n=3) cha ti a 18
electron
M
n=3
10
18
HS: S electron ti a ca lp
th n l 2n2 e
HS: n = 4 s electron ti a
ca lp N l: 2.42 = 32 electron
S electron ti a ca lp th
n l 2n2 electron
Lp th t cha ti a:2. 42
electron
= 32 electron
S phn b electron trn
cc lp, phn lp
Lp
S e
ti
a
ca
Phn b e
trn cc
phn lp
Trang 23
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
lp
Hot ng 3: Th d p dng
K(n=1)
2
1s2
10 GV:lm th d minh ha
L(n=2)
8
2s22p6
GV: Hy cho bit nguyn t
23
M(n=3
18 3s23p63d10
11 Na c bao nhiu p, n, e ?
)
GV: Hy cho bit s phn b cc
Th
d p dng:
electron trong lp v ca nguyn HS: Z = 11e N c 11e, 11p
Xc nh s lp electron ca
v 23 11 = 12n
t Na trn cc lp ?
23
Na
nguyn t 11
GV: Hng dn HS v s
- Z = 11 Na c 11e
HS: 11e trong lp v c
phn b e trn cc lp ca
- S phn b electron :
phn
b
nh
sau:
2e
trn
lp
nguyn t Na.
Lp K ( n = 1) : 1s2
GV: Hng dn tng t cho HS K(n=1), 8e trn lp L(n=2) v
Lp L (n = 2) : 2s22p6
1e trn lp M (n = 3).
vi nguyn t N v Mg.
Lp M (n = 3) : 3s1
Hot ng 4: Cng c
2
1s22s22p63s1
Cc electron ca nguyn t
nguyn t X c phn b trn 2
lp, lp th hai c 6 electron ,
ngha lc s phn b nh sau:
A.1s2 2s2 2p1 B.1s2 2s2 2p3
C.1s2 2s2 2p2
D.1s2 2s2 2p4
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 3, 4, 5, 6(sgk)
- Chun b bi: n li kin thc c v gii cc bi tp trong sgk luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Trang 24
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
2. Kin thc:
Hc sinh bit : Quy lut sp xp electron trong v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t.
2. K nng:
Hc sinh vn dng : Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 20 nguyn t u.
3. Thi :
HS thy c kh nng ca con ngi khm ph cc quy lut ca t nhin.
II. CHUN B:
1.Gio vin:
Bng v:
- S phn b mc nng lng ca cc lp v phn lp.
- Bng : Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 20 nguyn t u.
2. Hc sinh:
n li kin thc v cu to v nguyn t . V tm hiu bi.
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c :(Khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
10 Hot ng 1: Tm hiu v th
t cc mc nng lng trong
nguyn t
GV: Cc electron trong nguyn
t ln lt chim cc mc nng
lng nh th no?
GV b sung: - Mc nng lng
ca cc lp tng theo th t t
1 n 7 , v ca phn lp tng
theo th t s, p, d, f.
GV: Nghin cu hnh 1.10
SGK Tr 24 v cho bit mc
nng lng ca cc lp v phn
lp c sp xp nh th no ?
GV: T hy sp xp dy th
t cc mc nng lng
trong nguyn t ?
GV: Khi in tch ht nhn tng
, c s chn mc nng lng
lm cho mc nng lng phn
lp 3d > 4s,
4d > 5s
Hot ng ca HS
HS : Cc electron trong
nguyn t ln lt chim cc
mc nng lng t thp n
cao.
Ni dung
I. Th t cc mc nng lng
trong nguyn t
- Khi in tch ht nhn tng, cc e
trong nguyn t chim cc mc
nng lng t thp n cao :1s 2s 2p
3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
C hin tng chn mc nng
lng : 4s < 3d ; 5s < 4d
Trang 25
GV: Yu cu HS hy nu cc
bc vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t ?
GV: hng dn HS vit cu
hnh electron nguyn t Li (Z
= 3) , Cl (Z= 17)
GV: Electron cui cng ca
nguyn t Li , Cl in vo
phn lp no ?
GV: Li l nguyn t s v Cl
l nguyn t p.
GV: Vit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t Fe , bit Z = 56.
GV : Da theo mc nng lng
hy cho bit electron cui
cng ca nguyn t Fe in vo
phn lp no ?
GV: Vy St l nguyn t d .
Tuy nhin electron lp ngoi
cng phi biu din theo cu
hnh electron c ngha l 4s2
ch khng phi l3d6.
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Quan st
HS: Cho bit s phn b
electron trn cc lp v phn
lp.
t :
1. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn
t :
Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
biu din s phn b electron trn
cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc
nhau.
Trang 26
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
in vo phn lp s
+ Nguyn t p :e cui cng c
in vo phn lp p
+ Nguyn t d : e cui cng c
in vo phn lp d
+ Nguyn t f : e cui cng c
in vo phn lp f.
2.Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca
20 nguyn t u (SGK)
3. c im ca lp electron ngoi
cng:
- Xu hng : t n 8e lp ngoi
cng bn vng
- Nhng nguyn t c 8 electron
lp ngoi cng: nguyn t kh him
(tr He)
- Nhng nguyn t c 1, 2, 3
electron lp ngoi cng: nguyn
t kim loi (tr H, He, B)
- Nhng nguyn t c 5, 6, 7
electron lp ngoi cng : nguyn
t phi kim
- Nhng nguyn t c 4 electron
lp ngoi cng c th l kim loi
hoc phi kim.
khi bit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t c th d on c loi
nguyn t.
Trang 27
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
th 3 c 6e. Cu hnh e ca
HS: Ghi kt lun.
nguyn t X l:
HS: Cn tr li c:
A.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
p n B
B.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
4. Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n li cc kin thc hc v gii cc bi tp trong SGK luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Bi 6:
LUYN TP CHNG 1
Trang 28
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t.
- Nhng c trng ca nguyn t.
- S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t .
- S phn b electron trn cc lp, phn lp.
- c im ca electron lp ngoi cng.
2 . K nng:
Rn luyn k nng gii mt s bi tp c bn v:
- Cu to nguyn t.
- Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t.
- Da vo electron lp ngoi cng phn loi cc nguyn t phi kim, kim loi hoc phi kim.
3. Thi :
Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi , phiu hc tp.
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta cng luyn tp .
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10
Hot ng 1:
I. Cc kin thc cn nm
GV h thng ho cc kin thc
HS: Tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
vng:
bi h thng cc cu hi trong
Sau c i din trnh by.
cc phiu hc tp sau:
Tr li:
Ht nhn
1. Nhm kin thc v cu to
Phiu hc tp 1:
1.
Nguyn
t
(p,n)
nguyn t
1. Nguyn t c thnh phn cu
Lp v(e)
to nh th no v t im cc
c
tnh
ca
cc
ht
:
ht cu to nn nguyn t ?
Ht nhn
V e
2. Kch thc ht nhn v
e
p
n
nguyn t ln hay nh? Ngi ta
in
q
=
1q
=1
q
=0
e
p
n
dng n v o l g?
+
3. Khi lng nguyn t hu nh tch
Khi
me=
mp
mn 1u
tp trung u ? Ti sao?
0,00055u
lng
1u
Trang 29
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
2. Kch thc ht nhn v nguyn
t rt nh. Ngi ta dng n v
0
30
o l nm hoc A
3. Khi lng nguyn t hu nh
Phiu hc tp 2:
tp trung ht nhn. V me rt nh.
1. Nu nhng hiu bit v s
HS : Tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
chuyn ng ca electron trong
i din nhm tr li :
nguyn t ?
Quan nim c
2. Nhng electron c mc nng
lng nh th no c xp vo (theo E.Rutherford, N.Bohr,
A.Sommerfeld): Electron chuyn
cng mt lp, cng mt phn
ng quanh ht nhn nguyn t
lp? Cch k hiu lp v phn
theo nhng qu o hnh bu dc
lp electron ?
hay hnh trn (Mu nguyn t
3. S electron ti a trong mt
hnh tinh).
lp , mt phn lp?
Quan nim hin i: Cc electron
4. Th t cc mc nng lng
chuyn ng rt nhanh quanh ht
trong nguyn t ?
nhn nguyn t trn nhng qu
o khng xc nh to nn v
nguyn t
2. Nhng electron c mc nng
lng gn bng nhau xp vo mt
lp ; bng nhau xp vo mt phn
lp
3. Th t cc mc nng lng
trong nguyn t : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
3d 4p 5s...
HS: Tho lun nhm( 2 pht)
Sau c i din trnh by:
Phiu hc tp s 3:
1. Tr li theo SGK
1. nh ngha nguyn t ho hc, 2. V hu ht cc nguyn t ho
ng v.
hc l hn hp ca nhiu ng v,
2.V sao phi tnh nguyn t biu thc tnh:
aX + bY
khi trung bnh, biu thc tnh?
A =
100
Hot ng 2:
GV: La chn bi tp cho HS
luyn tp
Bi 1:
39
K
Tng s ht p, n, e trong 19
A. 19
C. 39
B. 58
D.20
GV: T k hiu ca nguyn t ,
xc nh s p, n,e ?
GV: Hy chn p n ng?
II. Bi tp :
Bi 1: p n B
Bi 2 :
Gii :
Gi x l % s nguyn t ng
v 1735 Cl
(100 x) l % s nguyn t
37
Cl
ng v 17
p dng cng thc tnh
Trang 30
N
1,5 kt hp
Z
vi 2Z + N = 13 Tm Z, N ?
GV : V Z nguyn dng nn
trong khong 3,7 Z 4,33
hy chn gi tr ca Z
GV : T Z v N , hy tnh A ?
GV : T Z = 4 . Hy vit cu
hnh electron ?
Bi 4: Nguyn t X c tng s
ht e, p, n l 34. Bit s n nhiu
hn s p l 1. S khi nguyn t
X l:
A. 23
B. 56
C. 35
C. 46
GV cho HS tho lun
GV nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 3 :Cng c
GV : Nhc li nhng kin thc
cn nm vng
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
NTKTB:
A Cl =
HS:100 x l % s nguyn t
37
Cl
ng v 17
HS: A K =35 .x + (100 x). 37
100
=35,5
x = 75
35
HS: 17 Cl chim 75%
37
17 Cl chim 25%
HS : 2Z + N = 13
v 1
N
Z
1,5
3,7 Z 4,33
HS: Z = 4 N = 5
HS: A = 4 + 5= 9
HS: 1s2 2s2
HS : Tho lun v ln bng lm
35,5
35 .x + (100 x). 37
=
100
x = 75.
35
Vy 17 Cl chim 75%
37
17 Cl chim 25%
Bi 4 (SGK):
Theo :
Z + N + E = 13 V Z = E nn
2Z + N = 13
T nguyn t s 2 n 82
trong bng tun hon th :
1
N
1,5 Z N 1,5Z
Z
Z N ; 2Z + N = 13 nn
2Z + Z 13 Z 4,33
N 1,5Z ; 2Z + N = 13 nn
13 -2Z 1,5Z hay 13 3,5Z
Z 3,7
V Z nguyn dng nn trong
khong 3,7 Z 4,33 , ta
chn Z = 4 N = 13 2Z
= 13 2.4 = 5
Vy nguyn t khi :
4 + 5= 9
Z = 4 nn cu hnh electron l :
1s2 2s2
Bi 4:
2Z + N = 34
NZ=1
Z = 11; N = 12 A = 23
p n A
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: + Gii tt c cc bi tp trong SBT
+ Bi tp lm thm : Cho thnh phn % cc ng v ca hai nguyn t Ar v K l:
40
36
38
38
39
40
18 Ar (99,63%); 18 Ar (0,31%); 18 Ar (0,06 %) ; 19 K (93,26%); 19 K (6,73%); 19 K (0,01%)
a> Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ar v K.
b>Gii thch ti sao Ar c s hiu nguyn t nh hn K nhng li c khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ln hn.
Hng dn:
a> A (Ar) = 39,99 v A (K) = 39,13
Trang 31
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
40
Ar
b> Tuy Ar c s hiu nguyn t nh hn K nhng ng v c s khi ln hn li chim t l ln ( 18
38
(99,63%)), trong khi K c ng v c khi lng nh chim t l ln ( 19 K (93,26%)) nn Ar c nguyn t khi
trung bnh ln hn.
- Chun b bi : n li cc kin thc hc chng 1 tip tc luyn tp.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Bi 6 :
Trang 32
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- S phn b electron trn cc lp, phn lp
- c im ca electron lp ngoi cng.
2 . K nng:
Tip tc rn luyn k nng gii mt s bi tp c bn v:
- Cu to nguyn t
- Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
- Da vo electron lp ngoi cng phn loi cc nguyn t phi kim, kim loi hoc phi kim.
3. Thi :
Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi
- Mi lin h gia lp electron ngoi cng vi loi nguyn t:
Cu hnh e
lp ngoi
cng
S e lp
ngoi cng
Loi nguyn
t
Tnh cht c
bn ca
nguyn t
ns1
ns2
ns2np1
1,2 hoc 3
ns2np2
4
Kim loi
(tr H, He, B)
Tnh kim loi
ns2np3
ns2np4
ns2np5
5,6
hoc
7
Phi kim
C tnh phi
kim
ns2np6
( He: 1s2)
8
(2e He)
Kh him
Tng i tr v mt
ho hc
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta tip tc luyn tp .
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
5
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1:
GV yu cu HS in cc thng
Hot ng ca HS
HS: Ln bng in cc
Ni dung
I. Kin thc cn nm vng
- Mi lin h gia lp electron ngoi
Trang 33
35
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
thng tin vo bng.
HS: Ln bng lm
Bi 3:
Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c
tng s ht l 82. Trong tng HS: Tho lun v i din
s ht mang in nhiu hn
ln bng trnh by.
tng s ht khng mang in l
22 ht. Nguyn t X c s khi
l:
A. 30
B. 26
C. 56
D. 22
GV: Cho HS tho lun theo 4
nhm
Bi 4:
Electron sau cng c lm y
cc phn lp sau:
Trang 34
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS : Moi HS len
a) 4s1 b) 3p5 c) 3p6 d) 2p4
Hy vit cu hnh electron bang lam moi
y ca nguyn t cc cau
nguyn t trn.
Tnh s in tch ht nhn ca
mi nguyn t.
Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi
kim hay kh him? Gii thch.
i vi mi nguyn t , lp
electron no lin kt vi ht
nhn yu nht, lp no cht ch
nht?
Tm trong BTH l nguyn
t no?
GV : Goi mot 4 HS len
bang tra li cac
yeu cau
GV : Goi HS khac nhan
xet bo sung . Sau o
GV ghi iem.
HS: Lang nghe va
chu y.
Trang 35
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I.MC CH YU CU:
1. Kin thc :
Nhm nh gi kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng 1:
Thnh phn nguyn t , ht nhn nguyn t ,nguyn t ho hc , ng v, cu to v nguyn t , cu hnh electron
2.K nng:
- Vit cu hnh e nguyn t xc nh s lp e, s e lp ngoi.
- Xc nh s khi
- Xc nh loi nguyn t da vo c im lp e ngoi cng.
3. Thi :
Hc sinh t h thng kin thc ca chng v nh gi c kt qu hc tp ca mnh.
II. CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : kim tra, p n v biu im
2.Hc sinh: n tp cc kin thc trng tm ca chng.
III. HOT NG :
1.n nh tnh hnh lp : Kim tra s s lp, nhc nh HS nghim tc v trung thc khi lm bi
2.Pht kim tra :
KIM TRA ( 1)
Trang 36
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Trang 37
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Xc nh tn ca nguyn t nguyn t X ?
P N BIU IM
5
A
15
6
C
16
7
B
17
8
C
18
S proton
7
S electron
7
S ntron
7
S khi
14
Ca
20
20
20
40
9
B
19
10
D
20
Cu 2 :(2 im)
Nguyn t c 16 electron cu hnh electron : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
a. Nguyn t c 3 lp electron .
b. Lp th 3 c mc nng lng cao nht.
c. C 6 electron lp ngoi cng
d. Nguyn t l phi kim
Cu 3 ( 1 im)
Tng s ht trong nguyn t X : Z + E + N = 40
S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12 :
Z + E - N = 12
Ta li c : Z = E h phng trnh : 2Z + N = 40
2Z N = 12
Gii h , tm c : Z = 13, N = 14 A = 13+14 = 27. Vy X l nhm
3. Thu bi, nhc nh, dn d hc sinh
IV.KT QU :
Lp
S s
Gii
Kh
TB
Yu
Km
10A2
32
15
4
10
2
1
10A3
43
0
2
17
24
0
V. NHN XT RT KINH NGHIM :
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Ngy son : 27/9/2009
Tit 13
Trang 38
Chng 2:
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 7:
I/ MC TIU :
1/ Kin Thc :
Hiu c:
Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu to ca bng tun hon: nguyn t, chu k, nhm nguyn t (nhm A, nhm B).
2/ K nng :
T v tr trong bng tun hon ca nguyn t (, nhm, chu k) suy ra cu hnh electron v ngc li.
3/ Thi :
- HS hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun quy lut
II/ CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
Hnh v nguyn t.
Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc .
2/ Hc sinh :
- Tm hiu bi
- Bng tun hon cc cc nguyn t ho hc ( c nh)
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : (khng kim tra)
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Cc nguyn t nguyn t c sp xp vo bng tun hon theo nguyn tc no? Bng tun
hon c cu to ra sao ? Chng ta i tm hiu bi.
- Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
15 Hot ng 1:
GV nu s lc v s pht minh
ra bng tun hon
GV: Treo bng tun hon HS
HS : Vit cu hnh electron
quan st sau gi 3 HS vit cu
hnh electron cu cc nguyn t
hng 1
(Z = 1 n Z = 2); hng 2
( Z = 3 n Z = 11) ; ct dc
( Kim loi kim)
GV: Da vo BTH, cu hnh
electron hy nhn xt:
+ THN ca mt s nguyn t
HS: THN tng dn.
trong cng mt hng ngang , trong
Ni dung
I. NGUYN TC SP XP
CC NGUYN T TRONG
BNG TUN HON:
Cc nguyn t c xp theo
chiu tng dn ca in tch ht
nhn nguyn t.
Cc nguyn t c cng s lp
electron trong nguyn t c
xp thnh mt hng.
Cc nguyn t c cng s
electron ha tr trong nguyn t
c sp xp thnh mt ct.
* Electron ha tr l nhng
Trang 39
10
15
cng mt ct dc.
+ S lp electron ca cc nguyn
t trong cng mt hng ngang.
+ Cc nguyn t trong cng mt
ct c c im g ging nhau.
GV: y l 3 nguyn tc c bn
sp xp cc nguyn t vo bng
tun hon.
GV: t kin nhn xt ca HS ,
GV tng hp , kt lun ri hng
dn HS rt ra nguyn tc xy
dng bng tun hon
GV gii thch : electron ho tr
nm lp ngoi cng hoc c
phn lp st phn lp ngoi cng
nu phn lp cha bo ho.
GV: yu cu HS xc nh s e ho
tr ca Na, Fe v Cu
Hot ng 2:
GV: Treo hnh v nguyn t ca
Al
GV: S nguyn t cho bit
nhng thng tin g?
GV Chn mt s trong 20
nguyn t u bng tun hon ri
yu cu HS nhn vo trnh
by cc thng tin
GV: Cc thng tin ny rt quan
trng gip chng ta tm hiu cu
to, tnh cht ca nguyn t
GV: Cho bit mi quan h gia Z,
S proton , s electron v STT ca
nguyn t ?
GV nhn mnh : khi bit
STT ca nguyn t trong BTH c
th suy ra s hiu nguyn t , s
proton , s electron .
Hot ng 3:
Mi hng ngang l mt chu k,
da vo nguyn tc sp xp hy
nu ng ngha chu k?
GV: Yu cu HS da vo BTH
cho bit: c bao nhiu chu k? V
s lng cc nguyn t trong mi
chu k.
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Quan st
HS: S hiu nguyn t ( 13)
K hiu ho hc ( Al) , tn nguyn
t ( nhm), nguyn t khi
( 26,94), cu hnh e
( [Ne]3s23p1) v s oxi ho (+3)
HS: Quan st tr li.
HS:
S th t ca nguyn t = s hiu
nguyn t (Z) = Sp = s e
2. Chu k:
- S th t ca chu k = s lp e
HS: Chu k l dy cc nguyn t trong nguyn t .
m nguyn t ca chng c cng Chu k 1, ,2, 3 l cc chu k
s lp electron, c sp xp theo nh.
chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn.
Chu k 4, 5, 6, 7 l cc chu k
HS: C 7 chu k:
ln.
Trang 40
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Chu k 1: gm 2 nguyn t
H(Z=1) n He(Z=2)
Chu k 2: gm 8 nguyn t
Li(Z=3) n Ne(Z=18)
Chu k 3: gm 8 nguyn t
Na(Z=11) n Ar(Z=18)
Chu k 4: gm 18 nguyn t
K(Z=19) n Kr(Z=36)
Chu k 5: gm 18 nguyn t
Rb(Z=37) n Xe(Z=54)
Chu k 6: gm 32 nguyn t
Cs(Z=55) n Rn(Z=86)
Chu k 7: Cha hon thnh
HS:
Chu k 1:
H(Z=1) : 1s1; He(Z=2) : 1s2
Chu k 2:
Li(Z=3) :1s2 2s1; Ne(Z=10): 1s2 2s2
2p6
Chu k 3:
Na(Z=11) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Ar(Z=18): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Chu k 4:
K(Z=19) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s1
Kr(Z=36): [Ar] 3d104s24p6
HS nhn xt : M u chu k l kim
loi kim, kt thc chu k l kh
him( tr chu k 1 v chu k 7)
HS: Nu li cc kin thc theo yu
cu.
4. Dn d:( 1p)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2, 3, 4 (SGK)
- Tm hiu phn : Nhm nguyn t .
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son : 27/9/2009
Tit 14
Bi 7 :
Trang 41
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I/ MC TIU :
1/ V Kin Thc :
- Tip tc nghin cu bng tun hon : Nhm nguyn t .
- Da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t kt lun nguyn t thuc nhm A hay B.
2/ K nng :
- Rn luyn k nng xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
3/ Thi :
- Bit suy lun quy lut vn kin thc ring ca bn thn.
II/ CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc .
2/ Hc sinh :
- Tm hiu bi
- Bng tun hon cc cc nguyn t ho hc ( c nh)
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (10)
GV: Yu cu mt HS trnh by nguyn tc sp xp
HS1:
cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch
ht nhn nguyn t.
Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t
c xp thnh mt hng.
Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ha tr trong nguyn
GV: Yu cu 1 HS trnh by c im ca chu k
t c sp xp thnh mt ct.
trong bng tun hon ?
HS2:
- Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k c
cng s lp electron .
STT ca chu k = s lp electron trong nguyn t .
M u chu k l kim loi kim, kt thc chu k l kh him(
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
tr chu k 1 v chu k 7)
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi :
Nhng nguyn t c sp xp vo mt ct gi l mt nhm nguyn t, vy nhm nguyn t l g ? c im cu
to ca nhng nguyn t trong mt nhm nh th no ? Chng ta cng tm hiu.
-Tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
15
Hot ng 1:
3. Nhm nguyn t :
GV: Yu cu HS da vo BTH
HS: Nhm nguyn t l tp - Cc nguyn t thuc cng mt
v tm hiu SGK tr li cc
hp cc nguyn t m nguyn nhm th c cu hnh e tng t
cu hi sau:
t c cu hnh electron tng nhau do c tnh cht ha hc
- Nhm nguyn t l g?
t nhau, do c tnh cht gn ging nhau
ha hc gn ging nhau, sp - STT nhm = s e ho tr
- Nhn xt c im cc nguyn xp thnh mt ct.
VD: + Na ( Z = 11) c 1e ho tr
Trang 42
GV: C my nhm A? my
nhm B ?
15
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Nguyn t cc nguyn t
trong cng mt nhm c s
electron ha tr bng nhau v
bng STT nhm
HS:
C 2 loi nhm : Nhm A v
nhm B
HS:
Nhm A: gm 8 nhm t IA
VIIIA ( 8 ct)
Nhm B: gm 8 nhm t IB
VIIIB (10 ct)
Na thuc nhm I
+ Sc ( Z = 21) c 2e ho tr Sc
thuc nhm II
- BTH c 18 ct gm 8 nhm A
v 8 nhm B
+ Nhm A: Bao gm cc nguyn
t s ( IA, IIA) v nguyn t p
( IIIA VIIIA)
+ Nhm B: bao gm cc nguyn
t d v f
Bi tp :
a> Cu hnh e:
A ( Z = 17) : 1s22s22p63s23p5
B(Z=23):1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2
C(Z = 30):1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
b>V tr:
- Nguyn t A th 17, chu k 3,
nhm VIIA
-Nguyn t B th 23, chu k 4,
nhm VB
- Nguyn t C 30, chu k 4,
nhm IIB
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ( SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t ho hc
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Ngy son : 4/10/2010
Tit 15
Bi 8 :
Trang 43
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I/ MC TIU :
1/Kin thc
Bit c :
- c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A.
- S tng t nhau v cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t (nguyn t s, p) l nguyn nhn ca
s tng t nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A.
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch ht nhn
tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t.
2/K nng
- Da vo cu hnh electron nguyn t suy ra cu to nguyn t, c im cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng.
- Da vo cu hnh electron, xc nh nguyn t s, p.
3/ Thi :
- HS lin h vi thc t cuc sng con ngi, trong thin nhin cng c din bin tun hon.
II/ CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc .
- Hnh v bng 5 SGK
2/ Hc sinh :
- Tm hiu bi
- Bng tun hon cc cc nguyn t ho hc ( c nh)
III/ HOT NG DY HC :
1/n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2/Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Vit cu hnh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c
HS1: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Z = 19, Z = 25 v xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong
V tr : 19, Chu k 4, nhm IA
BTH
HS2: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
GV: Gi 2 HS ln bng
V tr : 25, Chu k 4, nhmVII B
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im.
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t bin i nh th no qua mi chu k v trong cng
mt nhm A ? Ta vo bi mi
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ca gio vin
Hot ng ca hc sinh
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
HS : Nghin cu SGK, tho
I. S bin i tun hon cu hnh
GV: Treo bng 5 (SGK) v
lun v tr li: u mi chu k electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn
yu cu hc sinh nhn xt v
l nguyn t c cu hnh
t:
cu hnh electron lp ngoi
electron nguyn t lp ngoi
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng
1
cng ca nguyn t cc
cng l ns v kt thc l
ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i
nguyn t trong cc nhm A
nguyn t c cu hnh electron tun hon sau mi chu k :
qua cc chu k?
lp ngoi cng l ns2 np6
ns1, ns2, ns2 np1, ns2 np2, ns2 np2,
HS: Ghi kt lun
ns2 np3, ns2 np4, ns2 np5, ns2 np6
Trang 44
Hot ng 2: Tm hiu cu
hnh e lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t
nhm A.
GV: Nghin cu bng 5
SGK-Tr38, nhn xt cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng ca
nguyn t cc nguyn t
nhm A? S th t ca nhm
c quan h nh th no vi
s electron ho tr?
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Cu hnh electron lp
ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht
ca cc nguyn t. Nn tnh
cht ca nguyn t cng bin
i tun hon.
Hot ng 3: Tm hiu mt
s nhm A tiu biu
GV: Treo bng 5 (tr 38).
GV: Yu cu HS c tn,
nhn xt cu hnh electron ca
cc nguyn t nhm VIII A
GV: Thng bo: Cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng ca
kh him l cu hnh bn
vng. Nn tng i tr v
mt ho hc. cn gi lkh
tr
GV: Yu cu HS c tn, k
hiu, nhn xt cu hnh
HS : Nghin cu SGK cn nm
c:
tn gi ca cc nguyn t, k
hiu ho hc, cu hnh
electron lp ngoi cng, v tr
v tnh cht ho hc chung
ca cc nguyn t ca nguyn t
trong nhm VIIIA
Trang 45
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
electron ca cc nguyn t
nhm I A
GV: Cc nguyn t nhm IA
HS: C 1e ngoi cng : ns1.
c bao nhiu electron lp
ngoi cng . Hy vit cu hnh
electron tng qut?
dng: M M+ + 1e
Tnh cht: L kim loi in hnh
( kim loi kim)
HS: Thng bo : do c 1
electron lp ngoi cng nn
c khuynh hng nhng 1e
t n cu hnh bn vng
ca kh him. Chng l cc
kim loi in hnh.
GV: Yu cu HS cc tnh cht
chung ca kim loi.
GV: Yu cu HS c tn, k
hiu, nhn xt cu hnh
electron ca cc nguyn t
nhm VII A
GV: Cc nguyn t nhm
VIIA c bao nhiu electron
lp ngoi cng . Hy vit cu
hnh electron tng qut?
HS: Thng bo : do c 7
electron lp ngoi cng nn
c khuynh hng nhn 1e
t n cu hnh bn vng
ca kh him. Chng l cc
phi kim in hnh.
GV: Yu cu HS nu cc tnh
cht chung ca phi kim.
HS:+ Tc dng vi nc
baz + H2
+ Tc dng vi oxi oxit baz
+H O
2 dung dch baz (dung
dch kim).
+ Tc dng vi phi kim to
mui.
+ Trong cc hp cht c ho tr
1
HS: Nghin cu SGK v tr li
Trang 46
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: Mt s nguyn t c cu
hnh electron ca nguyn t
nh sau :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
v tr : 11, chu k 3,
nhm IA
Tnh cht : l kim loi in
hnh
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 8e ho
tr
v tr : 18, chu k 3,
nhm VIIIA
Tnh cht : Tr v mt ho
hc
a. Hy xc nh electron ho
tr ca tng nguyn t
b. Hy xc nh v tr ca n
v tr : 17, chu k 3,
trong BTH. Hy cho bit tnh nhm VIIA
cht ca cc nguyn t trn
4. Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7(SGK)
- Tm hiu bi 9
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Bi 9:
Trang 47
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I / MC TIU :
1/Kin thc
- Bit v gii thch c s bin i m in ca mt s nguyn t trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A.
- Hiu c quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A (da vo bn
knh nguyn t).
2/K nng
Da vo quy lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong mt chu k, mt nhm A c th,
th d s bin thin v :
- m in, bn knh nguyn t.
- Tnh kim loi, phi kim.
3/ Thi :
- HS lin h vi thc t cuc sng con ngi, trong thin nhin cng c din bin tun hon.
II / CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : Hnh 2.1 v bng 6 trong SGK.
2/ Hc sinh : Hc bi c v tm hiu bi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1/ n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2/ Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Mt nguyn t c Z = 19
a.Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
b. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t nguyn t
trong BTH?
c.Nguyn t l kim loi , phi kim hay kh
him? Hy cho bit tnh cht ca nguyn t
.
HS:
a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s1
b.
19
V tr
chu k: 4
Nhm VII A
c. Nguyn t l kim loi ( v c 1e lp ngoi
cng)
C tnh cht chung ca mt kim loi
3/Ging bi mi:
- Gi thiu bi:
Cc em bit s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch
ht nhn tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht ca nguyn t.Vy tnh cht ca
nguyn t bin i nh th no. Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng nghin cu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
5
Hot ng 1: Tm hiu tnh
kim loi, tnh phi kim
GV: Kim loi c bao nhiu
electron lp ngoi cng? t
n cu hnh bn vng ca kh
him chng c khuynh hng
Hot ng ca HS
HS: C 1, 2, 3 e lp ngoi
cng nhng 1, 2, 3 e
Ni dung
I. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim
Tnh kim loi l tnh d nhng e
ion dng
M Mn+ + ne
Tnh phi kim l tnh d nhn e
Trang 48
10
10
g?
GV: Tnh cht ny l tnh kim
loi. Vy th no l tnh kim
loi?
GV b sung :Nguyn t cng d
mt e tnh kim loi cng
mnh
GV: Ngc li l tnh phi kim?
GV b sung: Nguyn t cng d
nhn e tnh phi kim cng
mnh
GV: Cho bit ranh gii gia kim
loi v phi kim trong BTH l
ng dch dt in m. Pha phi
l nguyn t phi kim, pha tri l
kim loi.
Hot ng 2:
GV: Yu cu HS tm hiu SGK
Hy cho bit : Chu k 3, nguyn
t no c tnh kim loi mnh
nht? C tnh phi kim mnh
nht?
GV: Cho HS nhn xt v s bin
i tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim
trong chu k 3?
GV: Quy lut ny lp i lp li
i vi mi chu k
GV: Hng dn HS nhn xt
GV: Cho HS quan st hnh 2.1
SGK . Yu cu HS nhn xt s
bin i bn knh ca nguyn
t ?
GV gii thch: Trong mt chu k.
Khi i t tri sang phi, Z tng
dn , s lp electron nguyn t
bng nhau lc ht ca ht
nhn vi electron lp ngoi cng
tng ln khong cch gia ht
nhn vi electron lp ngoi cng
gim dn . Nn kh nng nhng
electron ca nguyn t gim v
kh nng thu e ca nguyn t
tng.
Hot ng 3:
GV: Yu cu HS tm hiu SGK
Hy cho bit: nhm IA, VIIA
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
thnh ion m.
M +ne Mn-
HS: Nhn xt
HS: Bn knh nguyn t
gim dn
HS: Tip thu thng tin
Trang 49
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS tr li cc bi tp 1,2
SGK
Trong mt nhm A :
Z tng v s lp e tng nhanh bn
knh nguyn t tng nhanh nn kh
nng nhng e tng nn tnh kim
loi tng v kh nng nhn e gim
tnh kim loi gim
3. m in:
a. Khi nim:
- m in ca mt nguyn t c
trng cho kh nng ht electron ca
nguyn t khi hnh thnh lin kt
ho hc.
- m in cng ln tnh phi kim
cng mnh
- m in cng nh tnh kim loi
cng mnh
b. Bng m in: (SGK)
c. Qui lut :
- Trong mt chu k: gi tr m
in tng dn
- Trong mt nhm A: Ga tr m
in gim dn.
m in ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t nhm A bin i tun
hon theo chiu tng ca THN.
Kt lun:
Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca cc
nguyn t bin i tun hon theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
4. Dn d:( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,10,11(SGK)- Tm hiu phn tip theo bi hc
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Bi 9 :
Trang 50
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I / MC TIU :
1/Kin thc
- Hiu c s bin i ho tr cao nht vi oxi v ho tr vi hiro ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k.
- Bit c s bin i tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit trong mt chu k, trong mt nhm A.
- Hiu c ni dung nh lut tun hon.
2/K nng: Da vo quy lut chung, suy on c s bin thin tnh cht c bn trong mt chu k, mt nhm A
c th, th d s bin thin v :
- Ho tr cao nht ca nguyn t vi oxi v vi hiro.
- Cng thc ho hc v tnh axit, baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng.
3/ Thi : HS lin h vi thc t cuc sng con ngi, trong thin nhin cng c din bin tun hon.
II / CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : Bng tun hon, Bng 7 v bng 8 (SGK)
2/ Hc sinh : n li kin thc tit trc , gii cc bi tp giao .Tm hiu bi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1/n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh.
2/ Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Th no l tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim ? Nhng - Tnh kim loi l tnh d nhng e ion dng
tnh cht ny bin i nh th no trong mt
- Tnh phi kim l tnh d nhn e thnh ion m.
chu k v trong mt nhm A?
-Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t yu dn, ng thi
GV nhn xt v cho im.
tnh phi kim mnh dn
- Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht
nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t mnh dn, ng
thi tnh phi kim yu dn
3/Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Trong BTH tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. Vy
ho tr ca cc nguyn t c thay i theo qui lut no khng? Thnh phn v tnh cht ca hp cht cc nguyn
t bin i nh th no?
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
20 Hot ng 1:
II. Ho tr ca cc nguyn t
GV: Treo bng 7 (SGK) , yu cu HS: Quan st
1. Trong hp cht vi oxi:
HS quan st
VD: Trong chu k 3:
GV: Da vo bng 7 hy nhn
HS: Tho lun nhm v tr
Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3,
xt ho tr cao nht ca cc
li:Ho tr cao nht vi oxi
Cl2O7
nguyn t i vi oxi v qui lut
tng ln lt t 1 n 7
Trong hp cht vi oxi, ho tr
bin i ho tr theo chu k?
cao nht ca cc nguyn t tng t 1
GV hng dn HS vit cng thc
n 7
oxit tng qut ca cc nguyn t. HS: Tip thu thng tin
TQ: R2O, RO, R2O3 , RO2 ,
GV: Da vo bng 7 hy nhn
R2O3, RO3, R2O7
xt ho tr ca cc nguyn t
HS: Tho lun v trnh by
2.Trong hp cht vi hiro
Trang 51
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Trang 52
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I / MC TIU :
1. Kin thc
Hiu c :
Mi quan h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon vi cu to nguyn t, tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t
v ngc li.
2.K nng
T v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, suy ra :
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t.
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nguyn t .
- So snh tnh kim loi, phi kim ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t ln cn.
3. Thi :
Gip HS hc tp mt cch h thng v bit suy lun quy lut.
II .CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp
2.Hc sinh : Tng kt v vn dng kin thc tm hiu ngha ca BTH cc nguyn t ho hc
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV nu cu hi : hy nu ni dung ca
HS tr li :
nh lut tun hon ?
Ni dung:
GV nhn xt v ghi im
Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht , cng nh
thnh phn v tnh cht cu cc hp cht to nn t
cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t .
3. Ging bi mi
- Gii thiu bi: V tr ca mt nguyn t trong BTH cho ta cc thng tin g v nguyn t ? Ngc li, khi bit
s hiu ca mt nguyn t ta c th suy ra v tr ca n trong BTH c khng? Ta tm hiu bi mi.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
10
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1: Tm hiu
quan h gia v tr v cu
to
GV cho HS nu li cc khi
nim chu k, nhm t rt
ra mi quan h gia v tr v
cu to ca cc nguyn t
cc nguyn t.
GV: Ly 2 v d : t v tr
suy ra cu to v ngc li t
cu to suy ra v tr.
GV: a ra phng hng
Hot ng ca HS
HS: Tho lun trn c s
khi nim chu k, nhm
rt ra c mi quan h
gia v tr v cu to
Ni dung
I. QUAN H GIA V TR V
CU TO:
V tr NT cu to NT :
_ S th t ca nguyn t S p, s
e
_ S th t ca chu k S lp e
_ S th t ca nhm A S electron
lp ngoi cng.
TD1 : Bit nguyn t A c s th t l
13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA. Cho bit cu
to nguyn t, vit cu hnh e ?
Trang 53
15
10
gii quyt:
- T STT ca nguyn t
S p, s e
- T STTchu k S lp e
- T STT ca nhm A
S electron lp ngoi cng
GV: a ra phng hng
gii quyt:
- T cu hnh suy ra:
+ s e STT nguyn t
+ nguyn t s hoc p
thuc nhm A
+ S e ngoi cng STT
nhm
+ s lp e STT chu k.
Hot ng 2: Tm hiu
quan h gia v tr v
tnh cht ca nguyn t
GV t vn : Bit v tr
ca mt nguyn t trong
BTH c th suy ra nhng
tnh cht ho hc c bn
ca n c khng?
GV ra phng hng
gii quyt
GV: Hy cho bit nhng
nhm A no l kim loi ,
nhng nhm no l phi
kim?
GV b sung : ngoi ra khi
bit v tr c th xc nh :
+ Ho tr cao nht vi oxi
= STT nhm A
+ Ho tr trong hp cht
vi hiro
= 8 - STT nhm A
GV: Cho v d p dng: T
v tr ca Clo suy ra cc
tnh cht ca nguyn t
Hot ng 3: So snh tnh
cht ha hc ca mt
nguyn t vi cc nguyn
t ln cn :
GV t vn :Da vo qui
lut bin i tnh cht ca
cc nguyn t trong bng
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Tr li :
- STT 13 Nguyn t c 13p, 13e
- Chu k 3 Nguyn t c 4 lp
electron
- Nhm IA C 3 electron lp
ngoi cng
Cu hnh e : 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p1
HS: Tho lun v tr li.
TD2: Bit cu hnh electron nguyn t
ca mt nguyn t B l:
1s2 2s2 2p63s23p64s1 . Xc nh v tr
ca B trong BTH :
Tr li :
+Tng s e l 19 th 19
+ 4 lp e Chu k 4
+ Nguyn t p thuc nhm
+ c 1e lp ngoi cng Nhm IA
II/ QUAN H GIA V TR V
TNH CHT CA NGUYN T :
Bit v tr mt nguyn t trong bng
tun hon, ta c th suy ra nhng tnh
cht ha hc c bn ca n :
_ Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim.
+ Cc nguyn t cc nhm IA, IIA,
IIIA c tnh kim lo (tr H, He v B)
+ Cc nguyn t cc nhm VA,
VIA, VIIA c tnh phi kim.( tr Sb, Bi
HS: tr li
v Po)
- Ha tr cao nht ca nguyn t trong
hp cht vi oxi Cng thc oxit
cao nht.
- Ha tr ca nguyn t trong hp
cht vi hiro Cng thc hp
cht kh vi hiro (nu c)
_ Cng thc hiroxit tng ng (nu
c) v tnh axit hay baz ca chng.
VD: Nguyn t S th 16, nhm
VIA, chu k 3. Suy ra:
- S nhm VIA , l phi kim
- Ho tr cao nht vi oxi l 6
HS: Tho lun
cng thc oxit : SO3
- Ho tr vi hiro l 2 cng
thc H2s
- SO3 l oxit axit, H2SO4 l axit
HS: Tr li
mnh
Trong mi chu k :
III/
SO
SNH TNH CHT HA
+ chiu tng dn Z+ : tnh
Trang 54
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
KL gim dn, tnh PK tng
dn.
+ Oxit v hiroxit c tnh
baz yu dn, tnh axit
mnh dn
Trong mt nhm A :
chiu tng dn Z+, tnh KL
tng dn, tnh PK gim
dn.
HS: Vn dng qui lut
bin i tnh cht trong
mt chu k v trong mt
nhm A tr li
HS: h thng ho li cc
kin thc va hc
HC CA MT NGUYN T
VI CC NGUYN T LN
CN :
TD1 :
P(Z=15)viSi(Z=14v S(Z=16)
P(Z=15)vi N(Z=7) v As(Z=33)
_ Si, P, S thuc cng mt chu k =>
theo chiu tng ca Z => tnh PK tng
dn Si < P < S
_ N, P, As thuc cng nhm A =>
theo chiu tng ca Z => tnh PK gim
dn : As < P < N
Vy P c tnh phi kim yu hn N v S
hiroxit ca n l H3PO4 c tnh axit
yu hn HNO3 v H2SO4.
TD2: So snh tnh kim loi ca Mg
vi Na, Al, Be, Ca.
- Trong mt chu k : Na > Mg > Al
- Trong mt nhm A : Be < Mg <Ca
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 17 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n li kin thc v gii cc bi tp tit sau luyn tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Trang 55
Bi 11:
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
LUYN TP CHNG 2
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- Cu to BTH, nh lut tun hon.
2 . K nng:
Rn luyn k nng :
- S dng BTH nghin cu s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t , tnh
kim loi, tnh phi kim, bn knh nguyn t , m in v ho tr.
- T v tr nguyn t suy ra tnh cht , cu to nguyn t v ngc li
3. Thi :
- Bit tm quan trng ca BTH cc NTHH.
- Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1p ,) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta cng luyn tp
- tin trnh bi dy:
Trang 56
TG
5
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng 1
Hot ng ca HS
Yu cu
HS tr
li nhng
cu hi:
Trng
THPT
Phan
Bi Chu
HS : Tho lun nhm v sau
BTH xy dng trn ng/tc no? mi nhm s tr li mt
4. Dnd:BTH
( 1) C cu to ntn? Bao cu hi
Ni dung
. Kin thc cn nm vng
1. Cu to BTH cc nguyn t
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
ho hc
Hot ng 2 :
GV : La chn bi tp HS
luyn tp
GV : Nu ni dung bi tp s 2
SGK ln bng :Tm pht biu sai
trong nhng cu di y ?
A. Trong chu k , cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu in tch
ht nhn tng dn.
B. Trong chu k , cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu s hiu
nguyn t tng dn.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
trong cng mt chu k c s
electron bng nhau.
D. Chu k bao gi cng bt u l
mt kim loi kim, cui cng l
mt kh him ( tr chu k 1 v chu
k 7 cha hon thnh)
GV cho HS tho lun v tr li
Bi 2 :
Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3,
nhm VIA trong BTH .
a. Nguyn t ca nguyn t c
bao nhiu electron lp ngoi
cng ?
b. Cc electron ngoi cng lp
electron no ?
c. Vit s electron tng lp
GV Nguyn Th Thu Hin
electron ?
GV cho HS tho lun v i din
ln bng trnh by
Bi tp :
Bi 1
p n C
HS : Tho lun 1 pht
Cu C
Bi 2 :
a. V nhm VIA nn c 6 e lp
ngoi cng
b. V chu k 3 c 3 lp
electron cc electron lp ngoi
cng lp th 3
c. S e tng lp l : 2, 8, 6
Trang 57
0,336
02,6
.100 %
n
22 ,4 H 0
015
R
2
2 ,+
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi dy:
I. MC TIU:
1. Kin thc:
Cng c kin thc v:
- S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t
- S bin i tun hon tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim, bn knh nguyn t , v gi tr m in.
- nh lut tun hon
2 . K nng:
- Rn luyn k nng s dng bng tun hon : T v tr ca nguyn t suy ra tnh cht, cu to nguyn t
v ngc li
3. Thi :
- Bit tm quan trng ca BTH cc NTHH.
- Bit vn dng cc kin thc hc gii bi tp mt cch t duy khi qut.
II. CHUN B:
1. Gio vin:
- H thng bi tp v cu hi gi
2. Hc sinh:
- n li cc kin thc lin quan.
- Chun b cc bi luyn tp (SGK)
III. HOT NG DY HC :
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c : Kt hp khi gii bi tp.
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: cng c li cc kin thc hc . Hm nay chng ta cng luyn tp
- tin trnh bi dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
Trang 58
Hot ng 1:
GV: Hy nu qui lut bin i
s electron lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t cc nguyn t
trong mt chu k?
GV: Da vo BTH hy nhn
xt:
- S bin thin tun hon tnh
kim loi, tnh phi kim, bn knh
nguyn t , Gi tr m in
qua tng chu k theo chiu in
tch ht nhn tng dn.?
GV: Sau khi HS tho lun
xong GV Pht phiu hc tp:
Hy in cc thng tin vo
bng :
Chu k
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Nhm A
30
HS: nu ni dung ca nh
lut tun hon.
HS: Tr li:
a, b, d, e, g, h
Trang 59
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: hn km nhau mt
n v
HS:
Nu ZA < ZB
th ZB = ZA+1
HS: Theo ton:
ZA + ZB = 2 ZA + 1 = 25
ZA = 12, ZB = 13
Bi 2:
Gi ZA l s n v in tch ht nhn
ca A
Gi ZB l s n v in tch ht nhn
ca B
Gi s ZA < ZB
V A, B ng k nhau trong mt chu
k nn : ZB = ZA + 1
Theo ton:
ZA + ZB = 2 ZA + 1 = 25
ZA = 12, ZB = 13
Cu hnh electron nguyn t :
A( Z = 12) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
V tr : 12, chu k 3, nhm IIA
B( Z = 13) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
V tr : 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA
A, B thuc cng chu k A c
tnh kim loi mnh hn B.
Bi 3:
Z + N + E = 28 V Z = E
nn 2Z + N = 28
T nguyn t s 2 n 82 trong bng
tun hon th :
1
N
1,5 Z N 1,5Z
Z
Z N ; 2Z + N = 28 N = 28
2Z nn
2Z + Z 28 Z 9,3
N 1,5Z ; N = 28 2Z
nn 28 -2Z 1,5Z hay 28 3,5Z
Z 8
V Z nguyn dng nn trong khong
8 Z 9,3 , ta chn
Z = 8 1s2 2s22p4 nhm VIA
(loi)
Z = 9 1s2 2s22p5 nhm VIIA
N = 28 2Z = 28 2.9 = 10
Vy nguyn t khi :
A= 9 + 10= 19
Nguyn t l Flo
Cu hnh electron nguyn t :
Trang 60
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
1s2 2s22p5
HS ln bng lm.
Bi 4 :
a. Tnh kim loi tng dn theo th t:
P, Si, Al, Mg, Na, K
*Gii thch: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P thuc
mt chu k, tnh kim loi yu dn ;
Na, K thuc mt nhm A , Tnh kim
loi mnh dn.
b. Tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t:
F, Cl, Br, Se, As
*Gii thch:
- F, Cl, Br thuc mt nhm A nn
tnh phi kim yu dn.
- Se, As, Br thuc mt chu k , nn
tnh phi kim mnh dn
Hot ng 3 : Cng c
GV : cho HS nhc li cc quy
HS nhc li cc quy lut
lut bin i tun hon tnh
bin i tun hon tnh
cht cc nguyn t ho hc
cht cc nguyn t ho hc
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh:2.34, 2.40, 2.35, 2.45 (SBT)
- Tm hiu bi : n li cc kin thc c bn chng 2 kim tra 1 tit
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Trang 61
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Trang 62
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
B. Nit
C. Oxi
D. St
12. Nguyn t M thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIA ca bng tun hon. Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht
vi hidro ca nguyn t M l cng thc no sau y:
A. M2O3 v MH3
B. tt c u sai.
C. MO3 v MH2
D. M2O7 v MH
13. Cc nguyn t xp chu k 6 c s lp electron trong nguyn t l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 6
14. Tnh cht no bin i tun hon:
A. Ho tr cao nht i vi oxi
B. S lp electron
C. Khi lng nguyn t
D. S electron v nguyn t
15. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca nguyn t M l MH2. Cng thc oxit cao nht ca M l
A. M2O
B. M2O5
C. M2O3
D. MO3
Trang 63
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
19. Cc nguyn t trong cng 1 nhm A c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau v v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
nhm A c:
A. S e nh nhau
B. S lp e nh nhau
C. S e lp ngoi cng nh nhau
D.Cng s phn lp e
20.Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, s chu k nh v chu k ln l :
A. 3 v 3.
B. 3 v 4.
C. 4 v 4.
D. 4 v 3.
B. T lun ( 5 im)
Cu 1 (2 im)
Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c cu hnh electron l :1s22s22p63s23p3 . Hy:
a. Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t R trong BTH.
b. Xc nh tnh cht ca R :
- L kim loi hay phi kim ? Gii thch ?
- Xc nh ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi v vi hiro
- Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hiro.
- Vit cng thc hiroxit tng ng v cho bit tnh cht ca n
Cu 2 ( 3 im)
Khi cho 3,6 g mt kim loi M thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi 360ml dung dch HCl d , thu c 3,36 lt kh hiro
(ktc).
a.Xc nh tn kim loi.
b.Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl dng, bit lng axit ly d 20% so vi lng phn ng.
( Cho H = 1 ; Mg = 24 ; Cl = 35,5 ; Ca = 40, Ba = 137)
c. So snh tnh cht ha hc ca M vi Be, Na, Al, Ca.
( cho Be (Z = 4), Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12), Al( Z = 12), Ca(Z =20), Ka ( Z =19) )
P N BIU IM
A.Trc nghim : ( 5 im)
Mi la chn ng c 0,25 im
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
C
D
B
C
A
7
B
8
D
9
D
10
A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
A D C D B A D B D
B. T lun : ( 5 im)
Cu 1
a. V tr ca R: th 15, Chu k 3, Nhm VA
b. Tnh cht ca R :
- Nguyn t R l phi kim v c 5e lp ngoi cng
- Ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi v hiro ln lt l 5 v 3
- Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hiro l : R2O3, RH3
- Cng thc hiroxit : H4RO4 l axit mnh
Cu 2
a. PTHH: M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2 (1)
20
C
2
1
1
3
0,5
3,36
0,25
Trang 64
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
3,6
20
x 0,3 = 0,06 (mol)
100
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5
Trang 65
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
LIN KT HO HC
Chng 3:
Bi 12:
I / MC TIU :
1. Kin thc :
Nhm nh gi kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng 2: Cu to BTH cc NTHH, s
bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t
2.K nng:
Xc nh cu to nguyn t, v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH v so snh tnh cht ca mt nguyn t vi cc
nguyn t ln cn.
3.Thi : HS t nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
II / CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Hnh v trang 56, 57 (SGK) v s hnh thnh ion Li+ v F- Hnh v 2.1 (SGK).
2/ Hc sinh : n tp mt s nhm A tiu biu v cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t .
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (Khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Ion l g? Khi no nguyn t bin thnh ion? C my loi ion?
Lin kt ion c hnh thnh nh th no? Lin kt ion nh hng nh th no n tnh cht ca cc hp
cht ion. Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
I. S HNH THNH ION,
Trang 66
Hot ng 1:
GV: Vit cu hnh electron
23
nguyn t11 Na v xc
nh s ht p, e
Xem Na c trung ho in
khng?
GV: Na c bao nhiu
electron lp ngoi cng?
t n cu hnh bn
vng ca kh him Na c
khuynh hng g?
GV: Nu nguyn t Na
nhng 1e , tnh in tch
cn li ca nguyn t ?
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
CATION, ANION
1.S hnh thnh ion, cation, anion
a. S to thnh Ion:
Nguyn t trung ho v in
(s p = s e) nn khi nhng hay
nhn e, nguyn t tr thnh phn t
mang in gi l ion.
tch cn li ca nguyn t :
C 11p mang in tch 11+
tch
cn
li
ca
nguyn t l 1+
b. S to thnh cation
- Khi nguyn t kim loi nhng
ging nguyn t ging kh electron s tr thnh phn t mang
in dng gi l ion dng (cation)
him gn nht l Ne
TQ: M Mn+ + ne
- Tn gi ion dng :
Cation + tn kim loi
VD:
Na Na+ + 1e
2
1
HS: 3Li : 1s 2s
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Al Al3+ + 3e
2
1
2
HS: 1s 2s 1s + 1e
Li
Li+
HS: cu hnh electron Na+
c. S to thnh Anion
- Khi nguyn t phi kim nhn
electron s tr thnh phn t mang
in m gi l ion m (Anion)
TQ: A + ne An- Tn gi ion m :
anion + tn gc axit
V d:
F + 1e
F-
Trang 67
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
c khuynh hng nhn
1,2.3 e
vo lp ngoi cng.
HS: Ghi kt lun
(anion florua)
Cl + 1e Cl- (anion clorua)
O + 2e O2- (anion oxit)
HS:
1s2 2s2 2p5 + 1e 1s2 2s2 2p6
F(2,7)
F- (2,8)
HS: Tr li
HS: Nghin cu SGK v
tr li.
HS:
- Na nhng 1e cho
nguyn t clo tr thnh
ion Na+ cn clo nhn 1e
tr thnh ion Cl- Hai ion Na+ v Cl- mang
in tch tri du ht nhau
bng lc ht tnh in
NaCl
HS: Tr li.
Trang 68
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Hot ng 6:
- C cu trc lp phng: cc ion Na+
GV: Treo bng v tinh th
v Cl- phn b lun phin , u n
cion NaCl v m t mng
trn cc nh ca cc hnh lp phng.
tinh th ion.
2. Tnh cht chung:
GV: Cng tho lun vi
- Tinh th bn
HS v tnh cht ca mui
- Kh rn, kh nng chy, kh bay hi,
n nh: bn, nhit
tan nhiu trong nc dung dch dn
nng chy v tnh dn in
in.
tnh cht chung ca tinh
th ion.
3
Hot ng7: Cng c
GV: t cu hnh bn
HS: - Nguyn t kim loi
vng ca kh him cc
d nhng e ion dng
nguyn t kim loi phi kim
- Nguyn t phi kim d
c khuynh hng g i
nhng e ion m
vi electron lp ngoi
cng ca mnh?
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6( SGK)
- Chun b bi: Lin kt cng ho tr
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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5
Trang 69
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 13 :
LIN KT CNG HO TR
I . MC TIU :
1. Kin thc:
Bit c:
- nh ngha lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cng ho tr khng cc (H 2, O2), lin kt cng ho tr c cc hay phn
cc (HCl, CO2).
2. K nng:
Vit c cng thc electron, cng thc cu to ca mt s phn t c th.
3.Thi :
HS t nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
- Bng lit k cc c im trong phn t H2 v HCl
- Bng cu hnh e ca mt s nguyn t.
2.Hc sinh : n li cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Th no l lin kt ion ? Biu din s hnh
Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh bi
thnh lin kt ion trong phn t NaCl ?
lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tch tri
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im.
du.
1e
Na +
Cl Na+ + Cl- NaCl
(2,8,1) (2,8,7) (2,8)
(2,8,8)
Trang 70
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Lin kt gia kim loi vi phi kim l lin kt gia ion. Vy lin kt gia cc phi kim l lin kt g? Bi hc
hm nay chng ta cng tm hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
Trang 71
TG
Hot ng ca GV
GV treo bng cu hnh e ca
mt s nguyn t.
Trng
THPT
Phan Bi Chu
10 * Hot
ng1
GV: - Hy quan st cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t H v
nguyn t He
- So snh cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t H vi cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t He (kh
him gn nht)
GV : Do vy 2 nguyn t
hiro lin kt vi nhau bng
cch mi nguyn t H gp 1
electron to thnh 1 cp
electron chung trong phn t
H2 . Nh th, trong phn t H2
mi nguyn t c 2 electron
ging v electron ca nguyn
t kh him heli
H + H H : H
GV b sung 1 s quy c
GV: - Gia 2 nguyn t hiro
c 1 cp electron lin kt biu
th bng () , l lin kt n
5
Hot ng 2:
GV : Quan st cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t N v
nguyn t Ne ?
GV: So snh cu hnh electron
ca nguyn t N vi cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t Ne l
kh him gn nht c lp v
electron bn th lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t N cn thiu my
electron ?
GV: t cu hnh electron
bn vng ca kh him gn
nht (Ne), mi nguyn t N
phi gp chung bao nhiu e?
GV yu cu 1 HS biu din
cng thc electron v cng
thc cu to phn t N2
GV b sung: Lin kt ba trong
phn t N2 rt bn nn
nhit thng, kh nit rt
bn, km hot ng
5
Hot ng 3
GV gii thiu : Lin kt c
to thnh trong phn t H2 , N2
va trnh by trn c gi
l lin kt cng ho tr. Vy
th no l lin kt CHT?
GVGV:
Nguyn
Th Thu Hin
Lin kt trong cc phn
t H2 , N2 to nn t 2 nguyn
t ca cng 1 nguyn t (c
m in nh nhau) , nn cp
Hot ng ca HS
HS: H cn thiu 1e th t
cu hnh kh him He
Ni dung
I. S HNH THNH LIN KT
CNG HO TR
Banthnh
c bn
1/ Lin ktGio
cng n
ho10
trhnh
gia cc nguyn t ging nhau . S
hnh thnh n cht.
a. S hnh thnh phn t hiro
Mi nguyn t H gp 1e to thnh
mt cp electron chung trong phn t
H2
H + H H : H
H H H2
- H : H c gi l cng thc
electron
- H H gi l cng thc cu to
HS : Thiu 3 electron
Mi nguyn t N gp chung 3e to
thnh phn t N2
: N: + : N : : N
N:
:N N:
N N
(Cng thc e)
( CTCT )
HS:
t cu hnh electron bn
vng ca kh him gn nht
(Ne), mi nguyn t N phi
gp chung 3e
HS tr li
HS: Tr li
C l
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 13 :
I . MC TIU :
1. Kin thc:
Bit c:
- Mi lin h gia hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t v bn cht lin kt ho hc gia 2 nguyn t trong hp
cht.
- Tnh cht chung ca cc cht c lin kt cng ho tr.
- Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc v lin kt ion.
2. K nng:
- D on c kiu lin kt ho hc c th c trong phn t gm 2 nguyn t khi bit hiu m in ca
chng.
- .
3.Thi :
HS t nhn thc c khoa hc lun gn lin vi thc t.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Bng phn loi lin kt ho hc da vo hiu m in.
2.Hc sinh : Hc bi c, tm hiu bi mi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
Trang 73
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Trang 74
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Hot ng ca HS
HS: Tho lun nhm v
tr li :
- HS:
+ Lin kt CHT khng cc:
Lu hunh, iot.
+ Lin kt CHT c cc:
ru etylic, nc, ng.
in vo ch trng cc t :
+ ru etylic, ng.
+ Lu hunh, iot.
HS : Tho lun v tr
li :
+ Cl2 : CHT khng cc.
V cp electron chung
khng b lch v pha
nguyn t no
+ HCl : CHT c cc .V
cp electron chung b ht
lch v pha nguyn t
Clo
HS : Lin kt ion
Ni dung
3/ Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt
cng ho tr
Trng thi :
- Cc cht rn : ng , lu hunh , iot...
- Cc cht lng : nc , ru , xng , du
- Cc cht kh : kh cacbonic , kh clo ,
kh hidro
Tnh tan :
Cc cht c cc tan nhiu trong dung
mi c cc nh nc
Phn ln cc cht khng cc tan trong
dung mi khng cc nh benzen , CCl4..
III/ M IN V LIN KT
HO HC
1/ Quan h gia lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc, lin kt cng ho tr c cc
v lin kt ion
- Trong phn t, nu cp electron chung
gia 2 nguyn t lin kt ta c lin kt
cng ho tr khng cc
- Nu cp electron chung lch v 1
nguyn t (c gi tr m in ln
hn) th l lin kt cng ho tr c
cc
- Nu cp electron chung lch hn v 1
nguyn t , ta s c lin kt ion
2/ Hiu m in v lin kt ho hc
Hiu m in
( )
0 ( ) <
0,4
0,4 ( ) <
1,7
Loi lin kt
Lin kt cng ho tr
khng cc
Lin kt cng ho tr c
cc
Lin kt ion
( ) 1,7
HS : Tm hiu SGK v
tr li.
HS :
Phn t
Loi
LK
CaCl2
AlCl3
CaS
Al2S3
2.16
ion
1,55 CHT c
1,58 cc
0,97
VD:
a) Trong NaCl : ( ) = 3,16 0,93
= 2,23 > 1,7 lin kt gia Na v Cl l
lin kt ion
b) Trong phn t HCl : ( ) = 3,16
2,2 = 0,96 0,4 < ( ) < 1,7
lin kt gia H v Cl l lin kt cng ho
tr c cc
c) Trong phn t H2 : = Trang
2,20 75
2,20 = 0,0 0 < 0,4
lin kt gia H v H l lin kt cng ho
tr khng cc
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 13 :
I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc:
Bit c:
- Khi nim tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t.
- Tnh cht chung ca hp cht c tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t.
2. K nng:
Da vo cu to loi mng tinh th, d on tnh cht vt l ca cht .
3.Thi :
Bit tnh cht chung ca tng loi mng tinh th c cch s dng tt v hiu qu cc vt liu c cu to t cc
loi mng tinh th k trn
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
Hnh v m hnh cu trc tinh th kim cng v m hnh tinh th ca iot.
2.Hc sinh :
Hc bi c, tm hiu bi mi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Nu qui c gia hiu m in v
Hiu m in
Loi lin kt
loi lin kt ho hc ? Da vo m
( )
in ca cc nguyn t , hy cho bit
0 ( ) < 0,4 Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc
loi lin kt trong cc cht sau:
Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
0,4 ( ) <
Na2S, NH3, O2
Lin kt ion
1,7
( )
1,7
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
+ NaBr : = 2,96 0,93 = 2,03 lin kt ion
+ NH3 : = 3,04 2,20 = 0,84 lin kt CHT c cc
+ O2 : = 3,44 3,44 = 0 lin kt CHT Khng cc
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Th no l tinh th nguyn t , tinh th phn t ? cc loi tinh th ny c nhng tnh cht chung
g?
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I. TINH TH NGUYN T
Trang 76
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: Quan st
HS: 4e
1. Tinh th nguyn t
Tinh th nguyn t cu to t
nhng nguyn t c sp xp 1
cch u n , theo 1 trt t nht
nh trong khng gian to thnh 1
mng tinh th l nhng nguyn t
lin kt vi nhau bng cc lin kt
cng ho tr
HS : Nghe ging
HS: Tr li
HS: Quan st
HS: Nghe ging
Trang 77
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS : Nc d tan , vin
bng phin d bay hi
4. Dn d:(1p)
Trang 78
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi:Ho tr v s oxi ho .
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 9/11/2010
Tit 26
Bi 15 :
HO TR V S OXI HO
I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc Bit c :
- in ho tr, cng ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
- S oxi ho ca nguyn t trong cc phn t n cht v hp cht. Nhng quy tc xc nh s oxi ho ca
nguyn t.
2.K nng
Xc nh c in ho tr, cng ho tr, s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong mt s phn t n cht v hp cht c
th.
3. Thi :
- Bit cch tnh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t ng dng nghin cu phn ng oxi ho kh
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Gio n vbng ph .
2.Hc sinh : n tp v lin kt ion , lin kt CHT.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Hy nu r s khc nhau v cu to v tnh - Tinh th nguyn t cu to t nhng nguyn t lin kt
cht trong hai loi tinh th nguyn t v
vi nhau bng lin kt CHT Kh nng chy, kh bay
tinh th phn t?
hi
- Tinh th phn t cu to t nhng phn t lin kt vi
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
nhau bng lc tng tc yu. d nng chy, d bay hi
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Cc em tm hiu v hp cht ion v hp cht CHT. Vy cch xc nh ho tr v s oxi ho trong nhng
hp cht ny nh th no? S oxi ho l g? Xc nh s oxi ho bng cch no? Bi hc hm nay, chng ta cng
tm hiu
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I. HO TR
GV: Nu khi nim in ho
HS: Ghi khi nim in ha 1. Ha tr trong hp cht ion
Trang 79
10
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
tr
( in ho tr )
Qui tc : Ho tr bng in tch ca
ion (in ho tr)
VD:
- Trong hp cht KCl, in ho tr ca
K l 1+ v ca Cl l 1
- Trong hp cht CaF2 ,Ca l 2+ v F
c in ho tr l 1
- Trong hp cht MgO in ho tr ca
Mg l 2+ v ca O l 2 Lu : Trong hp cht ion, cc
nguyn t kim loi ( nhm IA,IIA,
IIIA) c in ho tr l 1+, 2+, 3+. Cc
nguyn t phi kim ( thuc nhm VIA,
VIIA) c in ho tr l 2-, 1-
N c 3 lin kt cng ha tr
V d :
+ NH3 CHT ca N l 3
CHT ca H l 1
+ HCl : H Cl CHT ca H l 1
Cl l 1
+ CO2 : O = C = O
CHT ca C l 4
CHT ca O l 2
Trang 80
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
nguyn t N c cng ha
tr 3
HS tho lun theo nhm v
i din tr li.
HS : H c 1 lin kt cng
ha tr nguyn t H c
cng ha tr 1
HS : H O H
H
HCH
H
12
Trang 81
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
x + 3(2) = 1 x = +5
Quy tc 4 :
Trong hu ht cc hp cht, SOXH
ca H bng +1 , tr 1 s trng hp
nh hidrua kim loi
(NaH-1, CaH2-1 .) . SOXH ca O
bng 2 tr trng hp O+1F2 , peoxit
(chng hn H2O2-1 , )
Trang 82
Bi 16 :
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc:
- Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ha tr.
- S hnh thnh mt s loi phn t.
- c im cu trc v lin kt ca ba loi tinh th.
2.K nng:
- Xc nh ha tr v s oxi ha ca nguyn t trong n cht v hp cht.
- Dng hiu m in phn loi mt cch tng i loi lin kt ha hc.
3.Thi :
- Bit cch tnh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t ng dng nghin cu phn ng oxi ho kh
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton.
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
- Bng ph so snh cc loi lin kt ho hc v bng 10 (SGK)
So snh
Lin kt cng ha
Lin kt cng ho tr
Lin kt ion
tr khng cc
c cc
Ging nhau
Cc nguyn t kt hp vi nhau to ra cho mi nguyn t lp electron ngoi
v mc ch
cng bn vng ging cu trc kh him (2e hoc 8e)
Khc nhau v Dng chung e. Cp Dng chung e. Cp e
cch to lin
e khng b lch
b lch v pha nguyn
Cho v nhn e
kt
t c m in ln
hn
Thng to
Gia cc nguyn t Gia phi kim mnh
Gia kim loi v phi kim
nn
ca cng 1 nguyn yu khc nhau
t phi kim
Hiu m
0 < 0,4
0,4 < 1,7
1,7
in
c tnh
Bn
Bn
Nhn xt
Lin kt cng ha tr c cc l dng trung gian gia lin kt cng ha tr khng cc
v lin kt ion
- H thng cu hi v bi tp
2.Hc sinh : Chun b trc ni dung cc bi tp luyn tp nh
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
Trang 83
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Trang 84
Hot ng 3:
GV bi tp 7 (SGK) HS tho lun :
Bi 7 : Xc nh in ha tr ca cc
nguyn t nhm VIA , VIIA trong cc
hp cht vi cc nguyn t nhm IA
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
+6
15
Hot ng 4:
a) K Mn O4 , Na2 Cr2 O7
GV cho bi tp 9 (SGK) ,cho HS tho
+5
+5
lun
K Cl O3 , H3 P O4
Bi tp 9 : Xc nh SOXH ca Mn ,
Cr , Cl , P :
HS tho lun v ln bng
+5
+6
+4
a) Trong phn t :
lm.
b) N O3- , S O42- , C O32KMnO4 , Na2Cr2O7 , KClO3 , H3PO4
1
3
b) Trong ion :
Br - , NH4+
NO3 , SO42 , CO32 ,Br , NH4+
GV yu cu HS vn dng cc quy tc
xc nh SOXH gii bi tp
3
GV: Nhn xt v ghi im
HS: Lng nghe v ch
Hot ng 5: Cng c
khi lm bi tp.
GV: Ch cho HS khi lm cc bi tp
V xc nh lin kt ho hc v s oxi
ho .
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 3, 4, 1, 5 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n tp tip v cc dng lin kt v cch phn loi lin kt da vo gi tr m in
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
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Trang 85
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 16 :
I. MC TIU :
1.Kin Thc :
- Dng hiu m in phn loi 1 cch tng i cc loi lin kt ha hc
- Kho st cng thc cu to ca 1 s phn t n gin da vo bn cht ca cc loi lin kt trong phn t
2.K nng :
Rn luyn k nng lp lun gii bi tp.
3. Thi :
- Bit s hnh thnh cc hp cht v c
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
II . CHUN B :
1. Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp.
2. Hc sinh: Chun b cc bi tp trong SGK.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi gii bi tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: Hm nay chng ta tip tc n li cc kin thc trng tm v gii cc bi tp lin quan.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
20 * Hot ng 1
VI/ LIN KT HO HC V
GV cho bi tp 3(SGK) HS HS : Chun b 2 pht v
HIU M IN
tho lun
bo co kt qu
Bi 3:
Bi tp 3 : Cho dy oxit sau
Oxit
Loi lin kt
y :
Na2O
2,51
Na2O , MgO , Al2O3 , SiO2
MgO
2,13 lin kt ion
P2O5 , SO3 , Cl2O7
Al2O3 1,83
Da vo gi tr hiu m
SiO2 1,54
in ca 2 nguyn t trong
P2O5 1,25 lin kt CHT
phn t hy xc nh loi lin
SO3
0,86 C cc
kt trong tng phn t oxit ?
Cl2O7 0,28 lin kt CHT
Bi tp 4 :
Khng cc
a) Da vo gi tr m in
HS : Chun b 2 pht v
Bi 4:
Trang 86
20
(F = 3,98 ; O = 3,44 ;
Cl = 3,16 ; N = 3,04) hy xt
tnh phi kim thay i nh th
no trong dy nguyn t sau
F , O , Cl , N
b) Vit CTCT ca cc phn t
sau y : N2 , CH4 , H2O ,
NH3
Xt xem phn t no c lin
kt cng ha tr khng cc ,
phn cc mnh nht
GV hng dn HS da vo
bng m in v tnh hiu
m in gia 2 nguyn t
trong phn t
GV cho HS tho lun
* Hot ng 3
GV cho HS lm bi tp 1 v 5
(SGK)
Bi tp 1:
a) Vit phng trnh biu din
s hnh thnh cc ion sau y
t cc nguyn t tng ng :
Na Na+ ; Cl Cl
Mg Mg2+ ; S S2
Al Al3+ ; O O2
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca
cc nguyn t v cc ion .
Nhn xt v cu hnh cc ion .
Nhn xt v cu hnh electron
lp ngoi cng ca cc ion
c to thnh
Bi tp 5 : Mt nguyn t c
cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p3
a) Xc nh v tr ca nguyn
t trong bng tun hon ,
suy ra cng thc phn t hp
cht kh vi hidro
b) Vit cng thc elelctron v
cng thc cu to ca phn t
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
ln bng lm
a)
F
O
Cl
= 3,98 3,44 3,16
N
3,04
HS : Chun b 3 pht v
ln bng lm
HOH
HNH
H
H
N2 CH4 H2O NH3
: 0
0,35 1,24 0,84
Phn t N2 , CH4 c lin kt cng
ha tr khng phn cc
H2O l phn t c lin kt phn cc
mnh nht trong dy
VII/S HNH THNH ION
CNG THC ELECTRON V
CNG THC CU TO
Bi 1:
+
11Na Na + 1e
(2,8,1)
(2,8)
Mg
Mg2+ + 2e
12
(2,8,2)
(2,8)
Al3+ + 3e
13Al
(2,8,3)
(2,8)
17Cl + 1e Cl
(2,8,7)
(2,8,8)
2
16S + 2e S
(2,8,6)
(2,8,8)
2
8O + 2e O
(2,6)
(2,8)
Bi 5:
a) Tng s electron l 7 s th t
ca nguyn t l 7
C 2 lp electron chu k 2
Nguyn t p c 5e ngoi cng
thuc nhm VA
l N
b) Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh
vi hidro l : NH3
Cng thc electron v cng thc
Trang 87
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
in ch cho php ta d on
HS: Ch lng nghe v
cu to :
xc minh mc ng n
H
bi nhiu phng php thc
nghim khc nhau.
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm thm cc bi tp trong SBT
- Tm hiu bi: Phn ng oxi ho - kh
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
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Trang 88
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
CHNG 4:
Bi 17 :
PHN NG OXI HO KH
PHN NG OXI HO KH
I.MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Hiu c:
- Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca nguyn t.
- Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron, cht kh l cht nhng electron. S oxi ho l s nhng electron, s kh
l s nhn electron.
2.K nng:
- Phn bit c cht oxi ha v cht kh, s oxi ho v s kh trong phn ng oxi ho - kh c th.
3.Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Gio n v bng ph
2.Hc sinh : Hc sinh n tp
- Khi nim s oxi ha, s kh, cht oxi ha cht kh v phn ng oxi ha kh hc THCS.
-Khi nim s oxi ha v quy tc xc nh s oxi ha hc chng trc.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV nu cu hi : Xc nh s oxi ho ca HS tr li:
cc nguyn t trong cc cht sau :
0
+1 +5 -2 0
Cu , HNO3, Cl2
Cu , HNO3, Cl2
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
3.Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta c nghin cu v phn ng oxi ho kh lp 9 v rt ra nh ngha v phn ng oxi
ho - kh. Vy phn ng oxi ho kh lp 10 c nh ngha nh th no. Ta li nghin cu phn ng oxi
ho kh mc cao
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
5
I. NH NGHA
Hot ng 1: vo bi
1. Xt phn ng c oxi tham gia:
GV yu cu HS nhc li nh
Trang 89
15
15
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: - Cht chim oxi ca mt
cht khc l cht kh
VD1:
0
+2
-2
Trang 90
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
mi ny, hy xc nh cht
oxi ho , cht kh, s oxi
ho , s kh cho phn ng
sau:
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
tham gia
VD3:Na0 + Cl02 Na+1Cl-1 (3)
Na nhng e Na l cht kh
Cl2 l cht nhn e Cl2 l cht oxi
ho
HS : Tr li
-1
+1
N2O+ 2H2O
4NO3
ho
l
phn
ng
oxi
ho
kh
ca cc cht trong phn ng
-3
HS: Phn ng (5) nguyn t N -3
nhit phn NH4NO3, v
+5
N : cht kh
cho bit cht no l cht oxi nhng e, N nhn e
-3
+5
N l cht kh, N l cht -3 +1
ho , cht no l cht kh?
N N + 4e ( qt oxi ho)
GV nhn xt :Phn ng ny oxi ho
+5
ch c s thay i s oxh ca l phn ng oxi ho kh
N : l cht oxi ho.
mt nguyn t.
+5
+1
GV :Phn ng oxi ho kh
N
+
4e
N (qt kh)
HS : Tr li
l g ?
N: phn ng oxh kh l phn
GV : Trong cc phn ng oxi
ng
ha hc, trong c s chuyn
ho kh lun din ra ng
electron gia cc cht phn ng,
thi 2 qu trnh l : s
hay p oxh kh l phn ng ha
kh, s oxi ho ; c cht
hc trong c s thay i s oxh
kh, cht oxi ho
HS
:
ca mt s nguyn t.
Hot ng 4 : Cng c
GV : Phn bit cc khi nim Cht oxi ho
Cht kh
v phn ng oxi ho kh ?
Thu electron
Cho electron
SOXH gim
SOXH tng
Qu trnh kh
Qu trnh oxi
B kh
ho
B oxi ho
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 6 (sgk)
Trang 91
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 17 :
I. MC TIU :
1.Kin thc:Hiu c:
- Cc bc lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh, ngha ca phn ng
oxi ho - kh trong thc tin.
2. K nng:
- Lp c phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s oxi ho (cn bng theo phng php thng bng
electron).
3.Thi :
-Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
-Bit ngha ca phn ng oxi ho kh trong thc tin
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin : Gio n.
2.Hc sinh: Hc bi c v tm hiu phn hc tip theo.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV nu cu hi :
- Nu nh ngha phn ng oxi ho kh?
- Xc nh cht oxi ho, cht kh, qu trnh
oxi ho, qu trnh kh ca phn ng ho
hc sau: 4Na + O2 2Na2O
HS tr li:
- N: phn ng oxh kh l phn ng ha hc trong
c s thay i s oxh ca mt s nguyn t.
0
+1
-2
-2
Trang 92
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
TG
Hot ng ca GV
20 Hot ng 1:
GV ly v d : cn bng phn
ng oxi ho kh
P + O2 P2O5
GV: Nu cc bc cn bng
V gi m HS thc hin
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
II. LP PHNG TRNH HA
HC CA PHN NG OXH
KH
HS: Tr li cc cu hi ca VD1: P + O2 P2O5
GV
- Bc 1: Xc nh s oxh ca cc
nguyn t tm cht oxh v cht
kh:
0
+5 -2
P + O2 P2O5
P l cht kh, oxi l cht oxh.
- Bc 2: Vit qu trnh oxh v qu
trnh kh, cn bng mi qu trnh:
0
+5
-2
10
Hot ng 2 :
GV : Hy cn bng phn ng oxi HS tho lun nhm v bo
co kt qu
ha kh sau theot cc bc
MnO+ HCl c
MnCl2 +
Cl2 + H2O
GV : Nhn xt b sung v m
p n ( chun b sn)
GV lu : phng trnh ny
0
- Bc 4: t h s ca cc cht
oxh v kh vo s phn ng, t
tnh ra h s cc cht khc. Kim
tra cn bng s nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t v cn bng in tch hai
v hon thnh PTHH:
4P + 5O2 2P2O5
VD2 : Lp phng trnh ho hc ca
phn ng
MnO2 + HCl c t
MnCl2 + Cl2
+ H2O
Bc 1:
0
+4-2
+11
+2 -1
Trang 93
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Mn O2+ HCl c
MnCl2 + Cl2
+ H2O
+2
Mn ( trong Mn O2) l cht oxi ho
1
Cl ( trong HCl ) l cht kh
Bc 2:
+4
+2
Mn + 2e Mn ( qu trnh kh)
-1
+2
1 x Mn + 2e Mn
-1
1 x 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Bc 4: Hon thnh PTHH :
MnO2 + 4HCl c t
MnCl2
+ Cl2 + 2H2O
III. NGHA CA PHN NG
OXH KH TRONG THC
TIN:
(SGK)
HS tr li
HS : Hon thnh
+5
+2
Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2
+2
+ NO + H2O
0
+5
x2
+2
Cu Cu +
x3
2e
+2
N + 3e N
3Cu + 8HNO3
3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO +4H2O
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 7,8 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: Phn loi cc phn ng v c.
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................
Trang 94
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU:
1.Kin thc:
Hiu c:
Cc phn ng ho hc c chia thnh 2 loi: p/ ng oxi ho - kh v khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh
2. K nng:
Nhn bit c mt phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh da vo s thay i s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
3. Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1.Gio vin :
- Gio n
2.Hc sinh:
- Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp trong tit dy)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta bit nh ngha phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho
ca mt s nguyn t. Cc em bit cc phn ng ho hc nh : phn ng th, phn ng phn hu, phn ng
trao i ion, cc phn ng ny c phi l phn ng oxi ho kh khng? Bi hc hm nay chng ta cng tm
hiu.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
I. PHN NG C S THAY I S
HS: l phn ng trong OXH V PHN NG KHNG C S
10 Hot ng 1:
mt cht mi c to
THAY I S OXH
GV yu cu HS nhc li
thnh t hai hay nhiu
1. Phn ng ha hp:
nh ngha phn ng ho
cht ban u
a. V d :
hp?
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho
VD 1:
Trang 95
10
10
GV: Ly v d1. Yu cu
HS xc nh s oxi ho
ca cc nguyn t trong
phn ng? V nhn xt s
thay i s oxi ho ca
cc nguyn t
GV: Ly v d 2 v yu
cu HS xc nh s oxi
ho ? V nhn xt?
GV: Phn ng no l
phn ng oxi ho kh?
GV: Hng dn HS nhn
xt
Hot ng 2:
GV: yu cu HS nhc li
nh ngha phn ng phn
hu?
GV: Hy so snh phn
ng phn hu v phn
ng nhit phn?
GV:Ly hai v d v yu
cu HS xc nh s oxi
ho v nhn xt phn ng
no l phn ng oxi ho
kh?
GV: Yu cu rt ra nhn
xt
Hot ng 3:
GV: Cho v d v yu cu
HS cho bit phn ng no
l phn ng oxi ho kh
v nhn xt :
- S oxh ca hiro tng
t 0 +1
- S oxh ca oxi gim t
0 -2
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho
v nhn xt: S oxh ca
cc nguyn t khng thay
i.
HS: Phn ng (1)
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
0
+1 -2
2H2 + O2 2H2O(1)
- S oxh ca hiro tng t 0 +1
- S oxh ca oxi gim t 0 -2
VD2:
+2 2
+4 2
+2 +4 2
3 2
1+
+2
Hot ng 4:
GV: Ly v d v yu cu
Zn +2HCl ZnCl
+
H
2
2
- S oxh ca ca Zn tng ln t 0 ln +2;
- S oxh ca hiro gim t +1 xung 0.
HS: Ghi nhn xt
b. Nhn xt:
Trong ha hc v c, phn ng th bao gi
cng c s thay i s oxh ca cc nguyn t.
4. Phn ng trao i:
a. V d :
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho VD1:
v nhn xt
Trang 96
- C hai phn ng u +1 + 5 2 + 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 5 2
khng c s thay i s AgNO 3 +NaCl AgCl+ NaNO3
oxi ho nn khng phi S oxi ha ca tt c ca tt c cc nguyn t
khng thay i.
l phn ng oxi ho
VD2:
kh
+ 1 2 +1
2+ 1
2 + 2 1 +
1 1
+
HS: Ghi nhn xt
S
2NaO H+ CuCl Cu(O H) +2NaCl
2
Hot ng 5:
GV: Trong cc phn ng
trn phn ng no l phn
ng oxi ho kh?
Phn ng no khng phi
l phn ng oxi ho
kh?
Hot ng 6: Cng c
Du hiu nhn bit
mt phn ng oxi hokh l
A. To ra cht kt ta
B. C s i mu ca cc
cht
C. To ra cht kh
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: p D
D. C s thay i s oxi
ho ca mt s nguyn t
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1 9 (SGK)
- Chun b bi: n li cc kin thc luyn tp
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
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Trang 97
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
BI 19 :
I. MC TIU :
1/ Kin thc :
a. Cng c cc kin thc v: S kh, s oxi ha, cht kh, cht oxi ha v phn ng oxi ha kh trn c
s kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nh lut tun hon, lin kt ha hc v s oxi ha.
b. HS vn dng: nhn bit phn ng oxi ha kh, cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi ha kh, phn loi
phn ng ha hc.
2/ V k nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho , cht oxi ho , cht kh, qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, phn
bit phn ng oxi ho kh vi phn ng khc.
3/ Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin :
- Gio n
2/ Hc sinh:
- Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Phn ng oxi ho kh l phn ng c nhiu ng dng trong cc bi tp, nm vng hn v cc khi nim v
phn ng oxi ho kh , cch cn bng v phn bit vi cc phn ng khc, chng ta i luyn tp
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
A. Kin thc cn nm vng:
GV: H thng ho kin thc c
I. Mt s khi nim:
bn qua cc cu hi sau : Th no HS: Tr li
1. Qu trnh v cc cht:
l cht oxi ho , cht kh, s oxi
Trang 98
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
ho , s kh?
Hot ng 2:
GV la chn bi tp HS luyn
tp
Bi 1:
Loi phn ng no sau y lun
lun khng l phn ng oxi ho
kh ?
A. Phn ng ho hp
B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng th trong ho v c HS: Tho lun v tr li
D. Phn ng trao i
Bi 2 : Loi phn ng no sau
y lun lun l phn ng oxi
ho kh ?
A. Phn ng ho hp
B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng th trong ho v
c
D. Phn ng trao i
GV: Yu cu HS ln lt tr li
cc cu hi trc nghim
GV: Yu cu HS vn dng qui
tc xc nh s oxi ho hy ln
bng lm bi tp s 3
Bi 3 :
Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc
nguyn t :
HS: Ln bng gii
- Nit trong : NO, NO2, N2O5,
HNO3, HNO2, NH3, NH4Cl
- Clo trong : HCl, HClO,
HClO2.HClO4 , CaOCl2
Cht oxi ho
Cht kh
Thu electron
Choelectron
SOXH gim
SOXH tng
Qutrnhkh
Qutrnh oxi ho
B kh
B oxi ho
2. Phn ng oxi ha kh:
L phn ng ha hc trong c s
thay i s oxi ha ca mt s
nguyn t.
II. phn loi phn ng:
- Phn ng oxh kh : c s thay
i s oxh.
- Phn ng khng thuc loi phn
ng oxh kh : s oxh khng thay
i.
B. BI TP
Bi 1 :
p n D
Bi 2 :
p n C
Bi 3 :
+2
+4
+5
+5
+3
-3
NH3, NH4Cl
-1
+1
+3
+7
CaOCl2
Bi 4 :
0
+5
+6
+4
Trang 99
Bi 4:
Da vo s thay i s oxi ho ,
ch r cht kh , cht oxi ho, qu
trnh oxi ho , qu trnh kh trong
cc phn ng sau:
a.S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO2 +
H2O
b.Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2
GV: Yu cu HS ln bng xc
nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
v tm vai tr ca cc cht.
GV: Yu cu cc HS khc nhn
xt v ghi im
Bi 5 :
Phn ng no sau y khng phi
l phn ng oxi ho kh ?
A. 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4
HNO3
B. NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
C. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
D. 2NO + O2 2NO2
GV: Yu cu HS xc nh s oxi
ho ca cc nguyn t v chn
p n
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: phn bit mt phn ng
vi cc phn ng oxi ho kh
vi cc phn ng khc lm nh
th no?
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
- Qu trnh S nhng electron l qu
trnh oxi ho
+5
HS : Ln bng gii
-1
-1
HS : Ln bng gii
+5
- 3 +1
C. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
+2
+4 -2
D. 2NO + O2 2NO2
p n B
HS : Xc nh s oxi
hoca cc nguyn t
trong cc phn ng, nu
phn ng no c s thay
i s oxi ho th phn
ng l phn ng oxi
ho - kh
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: 10,11,12 (SGK)
- Tm hiu bi: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK luyn tp tip
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Trang 100
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi 19 :
I. MC TIU :
1.Kin Thc :
a. Tip tc cng c cc kin thc v: S kh, s oxi ha, cht kh, cht oxi ha v phn ng oxi ha
kh trn c s kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nh lut tun hon, lin kt ha hc v s oxi ha.
b. HS vn dng: nhn bit phn ng oxi ha kh, cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi ha kh, phn loi
phn ng ha hc.
2.K nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho , cht oxi ho , cht kh, qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, phn
bit phn ng oxi ho kh vi phn ng khc.
3.Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : - Gio n v h thng bi tp
2/ Hc sinh: - Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Trong chng phn ng oxi ho kh c mt s kin thc trng tm cn nm vng v cng c thm v cc
kin thc , chng ta cn lm mt s bi tp vn dng.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
B . Bi tp (tip)
GV: Mi HS ln bng lm bi 1
Bi 1:
+4
+7
+6
Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc
HS:Ln bng thc hin
+
MnO
,
KMnO
,
K
MnO
2
4
2
4,
nguyn t :
+2
- Mn trong : MnO2, KMnO4,
Trang 101
10
20
K2MnO4, MnSO4
- Crom trong K2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)3,
Cr2O3
- Lu hunh trong : H2S, SO2,
H2SO4, H2SO3, FeS, FeS2
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 2:
GV: Mi HS ln bng gii
Bi 2 :
Da vo s thay i s oxi ho
HS Tho lun v c i
ca cc nguyn t ch r qu trnh din ln bng xc nh
oxi ho v qu trnh kh ca cc
phn ng sau :
a.2 Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
b. Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2
+ 2H2O
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 3:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc bc
cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
v lm bi tp sau:
Bi 3:
Cn bng phng trnh ho hc
ca cc phn ng oxi ho kh sau
bng phng php thng bng
electron v cho bit cht kh,
cht oxi ho mi phn ng ?
a. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2
b. Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3
+ H2O
GV hng dn HS lm cu a.
GV: Mi 1HS ln bng lm cu
b.
HS ln bng lm cu b
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
MnSO4
+3
+3
+3
+6
+4
-2
FeS2
Bi 2:
0
+3 -1
+3
-1
+6
+2
b. Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 +
+4
SO2 + 2H2O
Cu l cht kh
H2SO4 l cht oxi ho
0
+2
+4
S + 2e S : qu trnh kh
Bi 3 :
a.
+2 -1
+3 -2
+ 4 -2
+3
Fe Fe +1e
-1
+4
2S 2S + 10e
0
-1
+3
+4
Fe + 2S Fe + 2S + 11e x 4
0
-2
O2 + 4e 2O
x 11
4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
b.
0
-1
+5
Trang 102
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
0
-1
Hot ng 4: Cng c
x 5
Cl2 + 2e 2Cl
GV lu : Trong mt phn t c
HS : Ch lng nghe v
0
+5
th c s thay i s oxi ho ca thc hin
x
1
Cl
2Cl
+ 10e
2
tt c cc nguyn t, cn vit tt
c cc qu trnh oxi ho v qu
Cl2 va l cht oxi ho va l cht
trnh kh, nu c nhiu qu trnh
kh
oxi ho hay qu trnh kh phi
3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3
cng cc qu trnh ny vi nhau
+ 3H2O
tm s electron nhng hay
nhn
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK
- Tm hiu bi: n li kin thc chun b n tp hc k I
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
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Trang 103
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
I. MC TIU :
1/ V Kin Thc :
a. Tip tc cng c cc kin thc v: S kh, s oxi ha, cht kh, cht oxi ha v phn ng oxi ha
kh trn c s kin thc v cu to nguyn t, nh lut tun hon, lin kt ha hc v s oxi ha.
b. HS vn dng: nhn bit phn ng oxi ha kh, cn bng PTHH ca phn ng oxi
ha kh, phn loi phn ng ha hc.
2/ V k nng
Rn luyn k nng xc nh s oxi ho , cht oxi ho , cht kh, qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, phn
bit phn ng oxi ho kh vi phn ng khc.
3/ Thi :
Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
Nhn bit c phn ng oxi ho - kh
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : - Gio n v h thng bi tp
2/ Hc sinh: - Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Trong chng phn ng oxi ho kh c mt s kin thc trng tm cn nm vng v cng c thm v cc
kin thc , chng ta tip tc lm thm mt s bi tp vn dng.
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
GV: Mi HS ln bng lm bi 1
Bi 1
Bi 1: Da vo s thay i s oxi HS:Ln bng thc hin
ho , ch r cht kh , cht oxi
0
+5
+6
+4
ho, qu trnh oxi ho , qu trnh
a. S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O
kh v cn bng phn ng cc
S l cht kh
Trang 104
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
phn ng sau:
a. S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NO2 +
H2O
b. Cl2 + 2HBr 2HCl + Br2
+5
x1
HS Tho lun v c i
din ln bng xc nh
+6
x 6
+4
N + 1e N (qt kh)
-1
-1
15
10
Hot ng 2:
Bi 2 :
Cho phn ng : M2Ox + HNO3
M(NO3)3 + ..
Khi x c gi tr bao nhiu th phn
ng trn khng thuc phn ng
oxi ho kh ?
GV cho HS tho lun
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
Hot ng 3:
HS suy ngh, tnh ton v
Bi 3:
ln bng gii
Cn bao nhiu gam Cu kh
hon ton lng bc c trong 85ml
dung dch AgNO3 0,15M ?
GV hng dn :
Tnh s mol ca
AgNO3
Vit ptp
T s mol ca AgNO3
suy ra s mol ca Cu mCu
HS ln bng lm cu b
Hot ng 4:
Bi 4: Trong s cc phn ng sau:
A. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3
+ H2O
B. N2O5 + H2O 2HNO3
C. 2HNO3 + 3H2S 3S +
2NO + 4H2O
D. 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho
-1
+3
-2
+2
S (H2S) l cht kh
-2
Trang 105
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
kh ? v ch r cht oxi ho v
N (HNO3) l cht oxi ho
cht kh , vit qu trnh oxi ho v
+5
+2
qu trnh kh ?
N +3e N ( qu trnh oxi ho)
GV cho HS khc nhn xt v sa
cha
Hot ng 4: Cng c
3
GV h thng li cc kin thc lin
quan n phn ng oxi ho kh : HS : Ch lng nghe v
cht kh, cht oxi ho, qu trnh
ghi nh
oxi ho v qu trnh kh.
4. Dn d:(1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong SGK
- Tm hiu bi: n li kin thc chun b n tp hc k I
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
...........................................................................................................................................................................
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Trang 106
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
N TP HC K I
I / MC TIU
1/ Kin Thc :
- HS bit h thng ha kin thc c bn v cu to cht thuc 3 chng 1, 2, 3.4
2/ K nng
HS hiu v c k nng vn dng kin thc v cu to nguyn t , bng tun hon v nh lut tun hon ,
lin kt ha hc gii bi tp , chun b kin thc c s tt cho vic hc phn sau ca chng
3/ Thi :
- Rn luyn c tnh cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun
- To tnh t lp cho HS trong vic h thng ho kin thc hc
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp c lin quan
2/ Hc sinh:T n li cc kin thc theo cng n tp
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (kt hp khi luyn tp)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Chng ta tm hiu v nguyn t , bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, lin kt ho hc v phn ng oxi
ho kh. Vy hm nay chng ta n li cc kin thc trong tm cn nh v cc kin thc ny
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
I.Cc kin thc cn nm vng
GV yu cu HS nhc li
Chng 1 : Nguyn t
cc kin thc c bn ca 4
Chng 2 : Bng tun hon v
chng ( theo cu hi
nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t
trong cng n tp)
ha hc
Chng 1 : Nguyn t HS : Nhc li cc kin thc thuc Chng 3 : Lin kt ha hc
Chng 2 : Bng tun 4 chng hc theo cu hi ca Chng 3: Phn ng oxi ho GV
hon v nh lut tun
kh
hon cc nguyn t ha
hc
Trang 107
30
Chng 3 : Lin kt
ha hc
Chng 4: Phn ng
oxi ho - kh
Hot ng 2:
GV xut cc dng bi
tp thng gp HS
luyn tp
GV: Mi 1HS ln bng
gii
GV: T v tr ca Brom l
chu k 4, nhm VIIA cho
bi t iu g?
GV: Br thuc nhm A nn
7 electron in vo phn
lp s v p
4s24p5. Vy hy vit
cu hnh y ca Br ?
GV: Vi Mn l nguyn t
nhm B nn electron ho
tr ca Mn c phn b
trn phn lp 3d v 4s
3d54s2 . Vy hy vit cu
hnh electron ca Mn ?
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS:
Mn : 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
Hot ng 2:
GV: xc nh v tr ca
mt nguyn t cn xc
nh v v tr nguyn t,
chu k , nhm A/B, s th
t nhm
GV: Yu cu HS da vo HS: Tr li.
mi quan h gia v tr v HS: Ln bng gii
cu to nguyn t xc
nh v tr ca nguyn t
II. Bi tp
Dng 1 : Bit v tr ca nguyn t
trong bng tun hon (s th t chu
k, s th t nhm A/B) vit cu
hnh electron ca nguyn t
Bi 1 :
a) Bit nguyn t Br thuc chu k
4 , nhm VII A . Vit cu hnh
electron ca Br ?
b) Bit nguyn t Mn thuc chu k
4 , nhm VII B . Vit cu hnh
electron ca Mn ?
c/ Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t c
Z = 13, 15
Hng dn :
a) Phn tch :
- Nguyn t Br thuc chu k 4
nguyn t ca n phi c 4 lp e
- Nguyn t Br thuc nhm VII A
lp ngoi cng (lp th 4) c 7e
in vo phn lp s v p
4s24p5
Cu hnh electron y ca
Br : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
b) Phn tch :
- Nguyn t Mn thuc chu k 4
Mn c 4 lp e
- Mn thuc nhm VII B s
electron ha tr ca n bng 7
nhng phn b lp 3d v 4s
3d54s2
Cu hnh electron y ca Mn
: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
c/ : Z = 13 : 1s22s22p63s23p1
Z = 15 :s22s22p63s23p3
Dng 2:Bit cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t v ion suy ra v tr ca
nguyn t trong bng tun hon
Th d : Cho cu hnh electron ca
1 nguyn t A :
1s22s22p63s23p634s2
Hy suy ra v tr ca A trong bng
tun hon
Trang 108
Hot ng 3:
GV: Vit cu hnh
electron ca Clo? T
hy xc nh tnh cht ca
Clo?
Hot ng 4:
GV: Yu cu HS nhc li
cc bc cn bng phn
ng oxi ho kh theo
phng php thng bng
electron ? Sau mi
1HS ln bng cn bng
Hot ng 6:
GV yu cu HS nhc li
phng php xc nh tn
nguyn t v tho lun bi
tp 5
Hot ng 3: Cng c
GV: Lu cho HS cc
kin thc trng tm cn
ch
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Tr li :
- A c 20e chim th 20 trong
bng tun hon
- A c 4 lp e thuc chu k 4
- A c 2e ho tr v l nguyn t s
thuc nhm IIA
HS: Tho lun v bo co kt
Dng 3: Bit v tr ca mt
qu:
nguyn t trong BTH xc nh
Z =17 1s22s22p63s23p5
tnh cht ca nguyn t .
- Clo c 7 electron lp ngoi cng Th d:
nn Clo l phi kim
Da vo v tr ca nguyn t Cl
- Clo c ha tr 7 trong hp cht
( Z = 17) trong BTH
vi oxi Cl2O7
Hy nu cc tnh cht sau ca
- C ho tr 1 trong hp cht vi
nguyn t :
H HCl
- Tnh kim loi hay tnh phi kim
- F, Cl, Br thuc mt nhm A: Z+ - Ho tr cao nht trong hp cht
tng dn , tmh phi kim gim dn vi oxi v hiro.
nn tnh phi kim ca Clo yu hn - Cng thc ca oxit cao nht ,
F v mnh hn Br
cng thc hp cht kh vi hiro
- So snh tnh cht ho hc ca
HS: Nhc li 4 bc cn bng
nguyn t Cl ( Z = 17) vi F
HS:
(Z = 9) v Br (Z = 35)
0
-2
+6
Dng 4: Cn bng phng trnh oxi
Cl2 + H2S + H2O H2SO4 +
ho kh sau:
-1
Cl2 + H2S + H2O H2SO4 + HCl
HCl
Dng 5: Xc nh tn nguyn t
Cl2 l cht oxi ho , H2S l cht
Cho 1,2 g mt kim loi M thuc
kh
nhm IIA trong BTH tc dng va
-2
+6
x1
S S + 8e : qt oxi ho vi dd HCl thu c 0,672 lt
kh (ktc)
0
-1
a. Xc nh tn kim loi
x4 Cl2 +2e 2Cl : qtkh
b. So snh tnh cht ho hc ca M
vi K (Z = 19) ? Gii thch.
4Cl2 + H2S + 4H2O H2SO4 +
Tr li:
8H2O
a. Gi kim loi l M . Ta c
phng trnh :
HS: Tho lun v ln bng trnh
M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
by.
n
M = nH2 = 0,672/22,4
= 0,03 (mol)
M
M
=
1,2/0,03
= 40(g/mol)
HS: Lng nghe v ch
Vy M l Ca
b. K v Ca l hai nguyn t lin tip
trong chu k 4 nn tnh kim loi ca
K mnh hn Ca.
4. Dn d: (1)
Trang 109
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Bi dy :
N TP HC K I
( Tip )
I / MC TIU
1.V Kin Thc :
Cng c cc kin thc v : lin kt ho hc, phn ng oxi ho kh, bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.
2. V k nng:
- Xc nh cng ho tr v in ho tr ca nguyn t
- Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
- Tnh ton theo phng trnh ho hc.
3. Thi :
- Cn thn trong tnh ton v suy lun.
II . CHUN B :
1. Gio vin : H thng cu hi v bi tp c lin quan
2. Hc sinh: T n li cc kin thc theo cng n tp.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi: nm vng cc kin thc hc, chng ta lm cc bi tp c lin quan
- Tin trnh tit dy:
TG
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
Ni dung
10 Hot ng 1:
Bi 1:
GV yu cu HS nhc li in HS tr li v ln bng lm Xc nh cng ho tr v in ho tr
ho tr v ho tr ca nguyn
bi tp 1
ca cc nguyn t trong cc hp cht
nguyn t ? v vn dng lm
sau : HCl, NH3, Cl2, H2S, CH4 , CO2,
bi tp 1
NaF, MgO, ACl3
Tr li:
GV cho HS khc nhn xt v
- Hp cht HCl : Cl c CHT 1
b sung
H c CHT 1
- Hp cht NH3 : N c CHT 3
H c CHT 1
- Hp cht Cl2 : Cl c CHT 1
- Hp cht H2S : S c CHT 2
Trang 110
15
Hot ng 2:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc
bc cn bng phn ng oxi
ho kh ? v vn dng lm
bi tp 2
GV cho HS khc nhn xt v
b sung
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
HS tr li v ln bng lm
bi tp 2
H c CHT 1
- Hp cht CO2 : C c CHT 4
O c CHT 2
- Hp cht NaF : Na c HT 1+
F c HT 1- Hp cht MgO: Mg c HT 2+
O c HT 2- Hp cht AlCl3 : Al c HT 3+
Cl c HT 1Bi 2: Cn bng phn ng oxi ho
kh sau v ch r cht kh , cht oxi
ho, qu trnh oxi ho , qu trnh kh
trong cc phn ng :
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + S + H2 O
Tr li:
0
+6
+2
x3
Mg
+6
15
Hot ng 3:
GV hng dn HS gii bi tp HS: Tip thu thng tin
v xc nh nguyn t da
vo PTHH
+2
Mg + 2e
0
x1
S + 6e S
3Mg + 4H2SO4 3MgSO4+ S + 4H2O
Bi 3:
Cho 3,1g hn hp 2 kim loi hai chu
k lin tip nhau v u thuc nhm
IA ca BTH tc dng vi nc d thu
c 1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc) . Xc nh
hai kim loi
Gii :
V 2 kim loi thuc nhm IA ca BTH
nn chng u c ho tr I
K hiu M chung cho c hai kim loi
M l khi lnh mol trung bnh ca
hai kim loi
2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 (1)
1,12
H2 = 22 ,4 = 0,05 (mol)
Theo(1): nM = 2nH2 = 2.0,05 = 0,1mol
Hot ng 4: Cng c
GV nhc nh HS mt s ch
khi gii cc dng bi tp
3,1
= 0,1 = 31
Vy phi c 1 kim loi c M < 31
l Na = 23 v mt kim loi c
M > 31, l K = 39
M
Trang 111
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
trn
4. Dn d: (1)
- Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi tp cn li trong cng n tp
- Tm hiu bi: n tp chun b kim tra hc k
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
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Ngy son: 20/12/2009
Tit : 36
KIM TRA HC K I
I. MC CH YU CU:
1. Kin thc: Nhm nh gi, kim tra cc kin thc c bn m hc sinh nm c trong chng trnh
hc k 1:
- Cng ho tr, in ho tr ca nguyn t?
- Cu hnh e nguyn t
- ngha BTH cc NTHH
- Phn ng oxi ho - kh
2. K nng :
- Xc nh cng ho tr v in ho tr ca nguyn t
- Vit cu hnh e nguyn t
- Xc nh v tr v tnh cht ca nguyn t
- Cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh
- Tnh tn theo PTHH
3. Thi :
- Cn thn trong tnh ton v h thng li cc kin thc hc
II. CHUN B :
1. Gio vin : kim tra, p n v biu im
2. Hc sinh: n tp theo cng
III. HOT NG :
1. n nh tnh hnh lp : Kim tra s s lp, nhc nh HS nghim tc v trung thc khi lm bi
2. Pht kim tra :
KIM TRA: ( 001)
. TRC NGHIM:(5 im)
Hy khoanh trn mt trong cc ch ci A, B, C, D ng trc phng n chn ng.
Cu 1. Cc ht cu to nn hu ht cc nguyn t l :
A. protron v electron
B. ntron, protron v electron
C. ntron v proton
D. ntron v electron
Cu 2. Nguyn t X c Z = 18. S electron thuc lp ngoi cng l :
Trang 112
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
A. 1
B. 7
C. 8
D. 3
Cu 3.Nhng nguyn t no sau y l ng v ca nhau :
35
X ; 3177 Y
A. 174 X ; 168Y
B. 175 X ; 2120 Y
C. 178 X ; 23
D. 17
11Y
Cu 4.Kim cng c cu trc mng tinh th :
A.Nguyn t
B.Phn t
C.Khng xc nh c .
D.Ion
Cu 5.Cc phn t no sau y u c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc :
A. N2, Cl2, I2, H2, F2
B. N2, Cl2, HCl, H2, F2
C. N2, Cl2, HBr, H2, F2
D. N2, Cl2, HI, H2, F2
Cu 6.Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s2 th X2+ s c cu hnh e no sau y:
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p6
C. 1s22s22p63s1
D. 1s22s22p63s23p6
Cu 7. Trong BTH , nguyn t X c s th t 19, nguyn t X thuc :
A. Chu k 3, nhm VA
B. Chu k 3, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA
Cu 8. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 3, nhm VA. Nguyn t c cu hnh electron l :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3p5
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
2
2
6
1
4
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
Cu 9. Cng ho tr ca N v H trong phn t NH3 l :
A. 3 v 1
B. 2 v 4
C. 5 v 1
D. 3 v 2
2
2
6
2
2
Cu 10. Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron nguyn t l:1s 2s 2p 3s 3p . R l:
A.Kim loi
B.Phi kim
C.Kh him
D. Va l kim loi va l phi kim
Cu 11. S oxi ho ca S trong H2SO4 l:
A. 2
B. + 6
C. + 4
D. + 5
Cu 12. in ho tr ca Ca trong CaCl2 l :
A. 1+
B. 2+
C. 3+
D. 4+
Cu 13. Trong bng tun hon nguyn t c tnh phi kim mnh nht l:
A. Photpho
B. Clo
C. Nit
D. Flo
27
Cu 14. S proton, ntron v electron trong ion
ln13
lt
l:
Al 3+
A. 13, 10, 14
B. 13, 14, 10
C. 13, 14, 27
D. 14, 10, 27
Cu 15. Trong phn ng oxi ho kh : Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO. Vai tr ca Cl2 l:
A. Cht oxi ho
B. Cht kh
C. Va l cht kh va l cht oxi ho
D. Khng l cht kh, khng l cht oxi ho
Cu 16. Du hiu nhn bit mt phn ng oxi ho- kh l
A. To ra cht kt ta
B. C s i mu ca cc cht
C. To ra cht kh
D. C s thay i s oxi ho ca mt s nguyn t
+5
-3
D.3e
Trang 113
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
A. Ca2+
B. NH 4+
C. ClD. Na+
Cu 19.Cho cc nguyn t X (Z= 11) , nguyn t Y (Z= 19) , nguyn t T ( Z = 13) . Tnh cht ho hc c bn
ca cc nguyn t v chiu tng dn l :
A.Tnh kim loi : T< X < Y
B.Tnh Phi kim : Y < T < X
C.Tnh kim loi : X < T < Y
D.Tnh Phi kim : Y< X < T
Cu 20. Mt nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng c dng ns1 c khuynh hng:
A. Nhn electron
B. Va nhn va nhng electron
C. Nhng electron
D. Khng nhn khng nhng electron
B. T LUN (5 im)
Cu 1: (2 im)
Nguyn t R c Z = 16. Hy:
a/ Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t R?
b/ Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t R trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc?
c/ Cho bit R l kim loi hay phi kim? Gii thch?
d/ Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hir?
Cu 2: (1,5 im)
Cn bng PTHH sau v ch r cht oxi ho, cht kh, s oxi ho, s kh trong phn ng ho hc sau:
HNO3 +
H2S
S
+ NO
+ H2O
Cu 3: (1,5 im)
Cho 3,6 gam mt kim loi thuc nhm IIA tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, thu c 3,36 lt kh hir (ktc)
v 53,3 gam dung dch A.
a/ Xc nh tn kim loi?
b/ So snh tnh cht n cht ca kim loi ny vi cc kim loi xung quanh n trong bng tun hon. Gii
thch?
c/ Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch axit dng?
(H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Ca = 40; Ba = 137)
P N BIU IM :
A.TRC NGHIM ( 5 im)
Mi la chn ng c 0,25 im
001
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1
7
B
1
8
C
1
9
A
20
C
2 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
Trang 114
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Cu 2
- Cn bng phng trnh: 2HNO3 + 3H2S
- Cht oxi ho: HNO3
- Cht kh:
H2S
- Xc nh s kh - s oxi ho
1,5 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
0,5 im
3S + 2NO + 4H2O
Cu3
a
PTHH:
R
+ 2HCl
0,15
0,3
Khi lng mol R = 3,6 / 0,15 = 24
l kim loi Mg
RCl2
+ H2
3,36/22,4 = 0,15
1,5 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
(mol)
0,25 im
0,5 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
0,5 im
b
- Trong cng chu k: Tnh kim loi gim dn: Na > Mg > Al
- Trong cng nhm A: Tnh kim loi tng dn: Be < Mg < Ca
c
Lng H2 = 0,3 gam
S mol HCl = 0,3 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, lng dung dch HCl l :
53,3 + 0,3 3,6 = 50gam
0,3.36,5
Vy nng % dung dch HCl l :
.100% = 21,9%
50
IV.KT QU :
Lp
S s
0 1,5
SL
10A1
10A2
10A3
10A4
10A5
2 3
SL
3,5 4,5
SL
0,25 im
0,25 im
5 6
SL
6,5 7,5
SL
8 10
SL
%
30
31
40
38
31
3. Thu bi, nhc nh, dn d hc sinh
Trang 115
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
NHM HALOGEN
I. MC TIU :
1. Kin Thc :
Bit c:
- V tr nhm halogen trong bng tun hon.
- S bin i m in, bn knh nguyn t v mt s tnh cht vt l ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.
- Cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t halogen tng t nhau.
- Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l tnh oxi ho mnh.
- S bin i tnh cht ha hc ca cc n cht trong nhm halogen.
2. K nng :
- Vit c cu hnh lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t F, Cl, Br, I.
- D on c tnh cht ha hc c bn ca halogen l tnh oxi ha mnh da vo cu hnh lp electron
ngoi cng v mt s tnh cht khc ca nguyn t.
- Vit c cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht oxi ho mnh ca cc nguyn t halogen, quy lut bin i
tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm.
3. Thi :
- Say m hc tp, yu thch mn Ho Hc
II . CHUN B :
1. Gio vin :
- Bng tun hon
- Bng 11 (SGK)
2. Hc sinh:
n li kin thc v cu to nguyn t, m in, SOXH, vit cu hnh electron.
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (khng kim tra)
3. Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Nhm halogen gm nhng nguyn t no v chng v tr no trong bng tun hon ? v chng c c im cu
to nh th no ? Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t halogen l g?
Trang 116
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
Hot ng ca HS
HS: Tho lun v tr li
theo nhm
Ni dung
I. V tr ca nhm halogen trong
bng tun hon
- Gm cc nguyn t :F, Cl,Br, Iv At
( nguyn t phng x)
- Thuc nhm VIIA
HS:
F ( Z = 9) : 2s22p5
Cl (Z = 17) : 3s23p5
Br (Z = 35) : 4s24p5
I (Z = 53) : 5s25p5
tng qut : ns2np5
2. Cu to phn t :
- trng thi t nhin cc halogen tn
ti dng phn t : X2 ( F2, Cl2, Br2,
I2)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
: X + : X : X : X :
..
..
..
..
CTCT : X X
HS: : X + : X : X : X :
HS tr li
Trang 117
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
10
Hot ng 4:
GV hng dn HS quan st tr
s m in v nhn xt:
ln
S tng hay gim s oxi h
S oxi h ca Flo khc so vi
cc halogen cn li
Hot ng 5:
GV: Nguyn t halogen c bao
nhiu electron lp ngoi
cng ? T cho bit khuynh
hng c trng ca cc
nguyn t halogen?
GV: Vy cc halogen c tnh
cht g ? Tnh cht bin i
nh th no t F I?
Hot ng 6: Cng c
GV: Cho HS lm bi tp 2,3
trong SGK
HS: Quan st gi tr m
in v rt ra nhn xt
Trng thi Mu sc
F2
Kh
Lc nht
Cl2
Kh
Vng lc
Br2
Lng
Nu
I2
Rn
en tm
Nhn xt:
- Trng thi tp hp: kh lng
rn
- Mu sc : m dn
- tnc, ts : tng dn
2) S bin i m in
- m in tng i ln v gim
fn tg Flo n It
- Flo c m in ln nht nn ch c
s oxi h -1 trong cc hp cht
Cc halogen khc ngi s oxi h -1,
cn c cc s oxi h : +1, +3, +5, +7.
3) S bin i tnh cht h hc cc
n cht:
- L nhng phi kim c tnh oxi h
mnh
- Tnh oxi h gim dn t F2 n I2
HS: Lm bi tp 2,3
p n D, B
4. Dn d: ( 1)
- Bi tp v nh: 1, 4, 5, 6,7,8( SGK)
- Chun b bi: Clo
IV. RT KINH NGHIM B SUNG:
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
Trang 118
Bi 21 :
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
CLO
I. MC TIU :
1. Kin Thc :
- Bit c: Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, ng dng ca clo, phng php iu ch Clo
- Hiu c :Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo l phi kim mnh, c tnh oxi ho mnh ( tc dng vi kim
loi, hiro, nc). Clo cn th hin tnh kh.
2. K nng :
- D on, kim tra v kt lun c v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca clo.
- Vit cc PTHH minh ho tnh cht ho hc v iu ch clo.
- Xc nh s oxi ho.
3. Thi :
- Cn thn vi ho cht c hi
- thc bo v mi trng, sc kho.
II . CHUN B :
1/ Gio vin : Gio n
2/ Hc sinh: Hc bi c v tm hiu bi mi
III. TIN TRNH TIT DY:
1. n nh lp : ( 1) Kim tra s s lp, tc phong v nhc nh hc sinh
2. Kim tra bi c: (5)
GV: Nu cu hi
HS: Tr li
Trnh by s bin i tnh cht ca cc
Nguyn t Halogen c 7e lp ngi cng nn d
halogen?
dng thu thm 1 e to thnh ion m.
X + 1e X2
GV: Nhn xt v cho im
ns np5
ns2 np6
Halogen l phi kim in hnh, c tnh xi h mnh,
kh nng gim t F I.
3/ Ging bi mi:
- Gii thiu bi:
Clo l nguyn t halogen tiu biu v quan trng nht tronh nhm VIIA. Vy Clo c tnh cht vt l v tnh cht
ho hc g?
Tin trnh tit dy:
Trang 119
TG
Hot ng ca GV
5 Hot ng 1:
GV: Cho HS tm hiu SGK
Trng
THPT
Phan
Bimu
Chu
v cho
bit trng
thi,
sc v tnh c ca kh clo?
4. DnGV:
d: Tnh
( 1) t khi ca kh clo
so vi khng kh t cho
bit kh clo nng hay nh
hn khng kh ?
GV: Nhn xt tnh tan ca
clo trong nc v trong dung
mi hu c?
GV b sung : Kh clo tan
trong nc theo t l
V
H2O : VCl2 = 1 :2,5
20 Hot ng 2:
GV: Gii thiu v s oxi ho
ca clo: Nguyn t clo c
m in ln (3,16), ch ng
sau nguyn t flo (3,98) v
oxi (3,44). V vy, trong cc
hp cht vi cc nguyn t
ny, clo c s oxi ho dng
cn trong cc trng hp
khc clo c s oxi ho m
GV: Vit cu hnh electron
ca clo? T cho bit
khuynh hng c trng ca
clo khi tham gia cc phn
ng ho hc?
GV dn dt: Tnh oxi ha
ca clo th hin qua cc phn
ng sau y, ta ln lt xt
cc phn ng ny.
GV: Biu din phn ng gia
clo vi Na . Sau yu cu
HS vit PTP v xc nh s
oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
trong phn ng.
GV: Vit PTP v xc nh
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t
trong phn ng Cl2 + Fe
GV: Nhn mnh Fe b oxi
ho ln s oxi ho cao nht
l + 3
GV: Cho HS vit phn ng
Cl2 + Cu
- GV thng bo : nhit
thng v bng ti, Clo
khng phn ng vi H2 , khi
chiu sng phn ng xy ra
nhanh v c th n ( theo t
1:1)
GVlNguyn
Th Thu Hin
GV: Cho HS vit sn phm
ca phn ng v xc nh
s oxi ho ca cc nguyn
Hot ng ca HS
HS : Tm hiu SGK v tr li
Ni dung
I.Tnh chat vat ly
- Clo l cht kh mu vng lc, mi
xc , rt cGio n 10 Ban c bn
HS: d = 71/29 2,5 kh clo - Kh clo nng gp 2,5 ln khng kh
- Tan trong nc to thnh nc clo
nng hn khng kh
c mu vng nht .
- Tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu
c nh bezen, etanol,
HS : Nhn xt
+1 -1
+3
-1
Cu
+2 -1
+ Cl2
CuCl2
2. Tc dng vi H2
0
H2
+1 -1
Trang 120
Gio n 10 Ban c bn
- Bi tp v nh: 1 7 ( SGK)
- Tm hiu bi : Hiro clorua, axit clohiric v mui clorua
IV. RT KINH NGHIM- B SUNG:
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Trang 121