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DC DCCONVERTER (DC CHOPPER)

ASNIL ELEKTROFTUNP

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BLOCKDIAGRAMOFDCDC CONVERTERS

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Achopperisastaticdevicewhichisusedtoobtaina variabledcvoltagefromaconstantdcvoltagesource.A variable dc voltage from a constant dc voltage source A chopperisalsoknownasdctodcconverter.The thyristor converteroffersgreaterefficiency,faster response,lowermaintenance,smallersizeandsmooth control.Choppersarewidelyusedintrolleycars, control Choppers are widely used in trolley cars batteryoperatedvehicles,tractionmotorcontrol, controloflargenumberofdcmotors,etc..Theyare alsousedinregenerativebrakingofdcmotorstoreturn energybacktosupplyandalsoasdcvoltageregulators. energy back to supply and also as dc voltage regulators

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Choppersareoftwotypes: Stepdownchoppers Stepupchoppers In stepdown choppers, the output voltage will be less than the input voltage whereas in stepup choppers output voltage will be more than the input voltage.

PRINCIPLEOFSTEP DOWNCHOPPER PRINCIPLE OF STEPDOWN CHOPPER

Chopper i0 +

V0

Fig.2.1:StepdownChopperwithResistiveLoad

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Figure 2.1 shows a stepdown chopper with resistive load. The thyristor in the circuit acts as a switch. When thyristor is ON, supply voltage appears across the load and when thyristor is OFF, the voltage across the load will be zero. The output voltage and current waveforms are as shown in figure 2.2.
v0 V Vdc t tON i0 V/R Id dc t T tOFF

Fig. 2.2: Step-down choppers output voltage and current waveforms

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STEPDOWNCHOPPERWITHRLLOAD

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CLASSIFICATION OF CHOPPERS
Choppersareclassifiedasfollows ClassAChopper ClassBChopper pp ClassCChopper ClassDChopper ClassEChopper

CLASS A CHOPPER

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CLASS B CHOPPER

Fig.2.16:ClassBChopper

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CLASS C CHOPPER

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CLASS D CHOPPER

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CLASS E CHOPPER

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Exercise
A Chopper circuit is operating on TRC at a frequency of 2 kHz on a 460 V supply. If the load voltage is 350 volts, calculate the conduction period of the thyristor in each cycle cycle.

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