Voice Over Internet Protocol

By
Sanjeet Singh

Do not copy
 Voice Over Internet Protocol

1. Introduction
2. Need of VoIP
3. Functionality
4. Want of it.
5. How It Works?
6. VoIP Protocols
7. Security
8. VoIP in INDIA
9. Conclusions
1. Introduction

• Very simply, VoIP, or Voice over Internet

Protocol, is the technology that allows us
to have phone service over the Internet.
• VoIP may be a new term for you, but the
technology isn’t new.
• The telephone companies, who use what
is referred to as the public switched
telephone network (PSTN), have been
employing VoIP technology for years.
 2. Need of VoIP

• The most obvious answer is to save

money.
• VoIP acts as a bridge between your
Internet connection and the PSTN.
• Allowing you to have phone service
without requiring an account with the
phone company.
• That, coupled with VoIP’s unique
pricing model, means that users can
often cut their long-distance calling
expenses dramatically.
 3. Functionality

• Ability to transmit more than one telephone call

down the same broadband-connected
telephone line.
• Many VoIP packages include PSTN features.
• VoIP is location independent.
• VoIP phones can integrate with other services
available over the Internet.
 4. Why we want it?

• The most obvious answer is to save money.

• VoIP acts as a bridge between your Internet
connection and the PSTN.
• Allowing you to have phone service without requiring
an account with the phone company.
• That, coupled with VoIP’s unique pricing model,
means that users can often cut their long-distance
calling expenses dramatically.
 5. Working

• VoIP works by taking analog signals and

converting them to digital data that can be sent
over a network—the Internet in most cases,
also any private network.
• It requires that you have a broadband network
connection, the necessary items to create that
broadband connection—
• a broadband modem, your computer, a router,
etc.—and a device to convert the data.
6. Protocols used in VoIP

• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

• Megaco(H.248)
• Skinny Client Control Protocol
• MIME
 SIP

– SIP is an application-layer control (signalling)

protocol for creating, modifying and terminating
sessions with one or more participants.

– Sessions include Internet Multimedia,

conferences, Internet Telephone calls and
Multimedia distribution.

– Provides toolkit (methods, headers) from which

features can be assembled
SIP contd….

• Message Waiting Indication about to be

published
• Call transfer, history information (for call
diversion), presence, instant messaging under
study.
 Megaco

Media Gateway Control Protocol

• This protocol creates a general framework
suitable for gateways, multipoint control units and
interactive voice response units (IVRs).
 Skinny Client Control protocol

The skinny client (i.e. an Ethernet Phone) uses

TCP/IP to transmit and receive calls and RTP/UDP/IP
to/from a Skinny Client or H.323 terminal for audio.
Skinny messages are carried above TCP and use
port 2000.
 MIME

This set of standards, collectively called the

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, or MIME,
redefine the format of messages to allow for textual
message bodies in character sets other than US-ASCII,
an extensible set of different formats for non-textual
message bodies, multi-part message bodies, and
textual header information in character sets other than
US-ASCII.
 Skype

Skype is a software program created by the

entrepreneurs Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis.
Skype allows users to make telephone calls from
their computer to other Skype users free of charge,
or to Landlines and cell phones for a fee
 7.VoIP Security

VoIP, because it uses the Internet as its conduit, is

subject to the same sorts of attacks as any other
Internet traffic.  Your VoIP network can suffer from
viruses, Trojans, denial-of-service attacks and other
sorts of dangers such as a SYN flood or Ping of Death.
It's also possible for an attacker with publicly available
hacking tools to intercept VoIP packets and eavesdrop
on your conversations.
 8.VoIP in INDIA

In India, it is legal to use VoIP, but it is illegal to have

VoIP gateways inside India. This effectively means
that people who have PCs can use them to make a
VoIP call to any number, but if the remote side is a
normal phone, the gateway that converts the VoIP
call to a POTS call should not be inside India.

Major VoIP Providers in India – Sify, Tata Indicom, MTNL&VSNL.

 9.Conclusions

– Evolution of the voice network is important to

many enterprises
– Traditional and IP networks will continue to co-
exist in the enterprise
– Exploitation of new services and applications in IP
network
– But needs to be complemented by extending
existing services to IP and mixed environments