IMPORTANT QUESTIONS UNIT I 1. (a) describe the process of bunching and velocity modulation of reflex klystron.? (OR) (b).

Explain mode patterns of reflex klystron?.(OR) (c) Draw the schematic diagram and explain the operation of reflex klystron? 2. Explain the structure and operations op Magnetron? 3. (a) List out the major difference between TWT and klystron ? (b)give a brief account on the construction of a helix TWT? Also explain the Amplification process of TWT? 4. (a) Discuss the operational modes of microwave transistor. (b) Enumerate the various application of microwaves. 5. what are the various modes of operation of bipolar transistor? Explain briefly. 6. Explain the operational mechanism of microwave FET? 7.(a)Bring out the differences between microwave transistors and TEDs? (b)Discuss the four basic modes of operation of Gunn diode? 8. Draw the equivalent circuit of parametric amplifier and explain? UNIT -2 1.Write about various loses in microwave devices in terms of S parameters when ports are matched terminated? 2.(a)Discuss the operation of a Directional coupler? (b)Explain the shifting of reference planes in two port networks? 3. Explain a two port network. 4.Explain the advantages of multiport network? 5.(a)Discuss the scattering matrix formulation for N-port function? (b)Discuss the various properties of S-matrix? 6.Write the relation between S and ABCD parameters?

Unit 3 1. Draw the block diagram of fiber optic communication system and explain its functions? 2. Explain in detail the various advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic communication systems over other types of conventional systems. 3. Why optical signals get distorted as they propagate along a fiber? 4. Describe the various modes in an optical fiber. Hence explain the various optical fiber configurations? 5. a).Explain the concept of total internal reflection? b). Draw the structure of different optical fibers? 6. a).How do we calculate acceptance angle of a step index fiber? b).Explain various types of dispersion in optical fiber?

7. What are the various features of graded index fiber? .Explain the refractive index profile and ray transmission in a multimode graded index fiber. 8. Explain the various attenuation mechanisms in optical fibers? 9 a). write about attenuation losses? b).Derive expression for group delay? 10. Define the following: a).Intra modal dispersion b).Scattering loss c). Material dispersion d) Attenuation 11 a). Explain radiation losses? b).Write about Modal noise, model partition noise and reflection noise. UNIT 4 1a). Describe the structure and function of an ILD? b).Compare LED and ILD characteristics? 2a).Draw and explain various structures of laser diodes? b).Draw and explain various current confinement methods? 3. Draw the structure of PIN photo diode and explain the mechanism? 4 a).What are the requirements of photo detectors ? Write about various characteristics of photo diode? b). the characteristics of LED and LASER? 5. Define the following? A) Quantum efficiency b) Absorption coefficient c) Responsibility d) Multiplication factor 6. a) draw the structure of APD and explain? b) Define CNR and explain its significance? 7 with suitable block diagram explains the operation of an optical transmission and optical receivers?

UNIT 5 1. What is SONET? How SDH differ from SONET. Also discuss on SONET mechanism on high speed networks? 2.a). Write short notes on active optical network(AON)? b).Write short notes on Passive optical network(PON)? 3. Write short notes on following: a).DWDM b)FTH 4. Write short notes on following: a).Wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) b).Photonic switching 1. draw the optical communication system block diagram & explain

2 what do you mean by homodyne and heterodyne communication system? 3 derive the probability error for a) on-off keying homodyne system b) PSK homodyne system 4 5 6 What is meant by coherent communication system? Explain how the freq stability is achieved in a coherent light wave system Describe how point to point link is established? explain about the

a) Link power budget b) Rise time budget