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DSP Controller Board

The TMS 2808 universal DSP Controller offers a low cost yet powerful solution for a wide variety of power conversion or power electronic applications such as motor drives (induction motor, brushless, DC or AC), power factor correction, active filters, single or three phase inverters, converters (AC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC, DC/DC), SCR controlled converters and others. The various sections of the board are described below.

General Overview

The TMS2808 DSP Controller Board is designed around the fast state-of-the-art digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F2808 from Texas Instruments. This DSP is designed using high-performance static CMOS technology allowing operation at 100 MHz in the temperature range from -40C to 125C. This DSP has a 32-bit high performance CPU allowing 16 X 16, 32 X 32 MAC operations as well as 16 X 16 dual MAC operations. It has a HARVARD bus architecture with atomic operation, fast interrupt response and processing and a unified memory programming model. The DSP chip has a watchdog timer module, a powerful peripheral interrupt expansion (PIE) block that supports all 43 peripheral interrupts. It also has a 128-Bit security key/lock which protects Flash/OTP/L0/L1 memory blocks and prevents firmware reverse engineering. This board was designed in order to offer a powerful solution for a wide variety of power conversion or power electronic applications such as motor drives (induction motor, brushless, DC or AC), power factor correction, active filters, single or three phase inverters, converters (AC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC, DC/DC), SCR controlled converters and others.

PWM Section

The board has 12 main PWM channels (16 bits), with options for 5 or 15 volt logic and up to four secondary PWM channels (8 bits) with 5 volt logic. Up to four of the 12 main PWM channels can be configured in a high resolution mode (HRPWM) which translates into a 150ps edge resolution. This allows them to be used in very high switching frequency (above 200 KHz) where traditionally the DSPs lack enough PWM accuracy.

The main PWM channels have software programmable dead time and optional narrow pulse deletion. Each of the 12 PWM pulses can be individually enabled or disabled and they can be synchronized between themselves and/or can be synchronized with an external signal. A variety of PWM techniques can be implemented such as: triangular, up saw-tooth, down saw tooth, etc. Fast switching between different PWM configurations is also possible. The PWM channels can be active low, active high, active

low complementary or active high complementary. Six external PWMTRIP pin (active low) enable fast asynchronous shutdown of all or only some of the 12 PWM pulses in the event of a fault, depending on the desired type of protection. Also, in the event of such trip fault, the PWM channels can be programmed to be latched or they can be programmed to perform a cycle-by-cycle current limit. The TMS2808 DSP CONTROLLER BOARD can accept two groups of three open collector type input signals that are internally OR-ed into two general fault signals that activate the PWMTRIP feature of the DSP. Typically one of these signals is used to latch the PWM pulses in the event of a fault, while the second signal is used to shut down the PWM channels only for the duration of a fault, that is, no latching occurs. High frequency chopping mode for transformer coupled gate drives enables the user to modulate the PWM pulses with a very high frequency that is software programmable. Double or single duty cycle update mode control permits the generation of symmetrical or asymmetrical PWM pulses.

Up to four more auxiliary PWM pulses can be used for the switching of other circuits in a typical motor control drive (for example power factor correction) and their frequency can also be programmed. These auxiliary channels can be used in the event the dedicated four Event Capture Inputs are not used for monitoring external signals.

Analog to Digital Section

The TMS2808 DSP CONTROLLER BOARD utilizes all sixteen analog to digital channels of the TMS2808F320 processor. The DSP uses a 12-bit 16 channel analog-to-digital (A/D) converter divided into 2 X 8 channels with one multiplexer and two sample and hold units. This allows a very fast conversion rate, up to 80ns. Single and simultaneous conversions are possible. The DSP allows triggering the A/D conversion in a wide variety of modes such as: synchronized with any of the PWM channels, synchronized with an external signal, software initiated conversion, etc. In order to be able to address a wide variety of applications the A/D section of the board has been separated into two sections that are briefly described below:

High Voltage Section

Four A/D channels are dedicated to interface with the high voltage side of the power converter (motor drive or PFC for example). Four on board isolated DC-DC converters together with four isolation amplifiers provide the necessary isolation to measure three analog signals from the power circuit, for example, three AC currents or three AC voltages and the dc-link voltage in a motor drive. Additionally, a precise programmable voltage reference is used to provide the level shifting required when negative and positive are to be measured, as in the case with the motor or line currents. Voltages up to 600VDC/AC can be measured as the board has provisions for voltage divider resistors.

Low Voltage Section

Four A/D channels are connected to the DSP as single ended signals through high performance operational amplifiers. These four A/D channels also include a phase shifting level stage, thus allowing positive and negative signals to be directly interfaced. These signals must not exceed 3V peak-to-peak if the signal is bidirectional or 1.5V if the signal is unidirectional. Three A/D channels that are connected to the DSP chip via operational amplifier buffers followed by only a one pole anti-aliasing filter, whose corner frequency can be adjusted. The other five channels have the options of using a one or two pole anti aliasing filter and their cut-off frequencies can also be modified. In this way, the user can accommodate virtually any kind of analog signal: high voltage, low voltage, differential or single ended, DC or AC.

Digital I/O Section

The TMS2808 DSP chip has up to 35 individually programmable multiplexed digital I/Os. However many of them are used for dedicated functions such as PWM, therefore only eight them can be used as I/Os on the TMS2808 DSP CONTROLLER BOARD. There are four digital inputs and four digital outputs, each isolated by optocouplers. The four digital inputs are all referenced to a common isolated power supply ground included on the board. The four isolated digital outputs have the open collector type optocoupler rated for 80V and 50mA per channel. There is absolutely no connection between the output sections of the optocouplers, so the user can have the freedom of using them independently or, for example, the isolated power supply mentioned above can also be used. All the optocouplers have an isolation voltage of 2500VAC.

RS232 Section

The DSP controller chip has two SCI (UART) modules and one of these serial ports and is used for RS232. The board is equipped with a standard DB9 connector and a dedicated RS232 chip for level translation allowing a link to any compatible device. Note that the RS232 link is not isolated. In applications where noise is a concern we recommend the use of an external RS232 isolator.

CAN Section (eCAN)

The other serial port of the DSP chip is used for a CAN link. A dedicated CAN chip allows the board to be connected to any CAN device.

Event Capture Units (eCAP)

The DSP chip has four dedicated pins which can be used either as auxiliary PWM channels or as event capture units. Each pin not used as a PWM pin can be used to capture external signal. Various applications include: speed measurements of rotating machines, elapsed time measurements between sensor pulses, period and cycle measurements of pulse train signals, decoding current or voltage amplitude derived from duty cycle encoded current/voltage sensors. Each event capture module has a 32-bit time base with 10ns resolution, 4 event time stamp registers (each 32 bits), edge polarity selection for up to four sequenced time-stamp capture events. These features allow absolute time-stamp capture or difference mode time-stamp capture. The DSP can be programmed for single shot capture or continuous mode capture.

Quadrature Encoder Pulse (eQEP)

The quadrature encoder pulse module is used for direct interface with a linear or rotary incremental encoder to get position, direction, and speed information from a rotating machine for use in a highperformance motion and position-control system. There are up to two such modules which multiplexed with the eCAP modules.

Memory

The DSP chip has an on-board memory as follows: 32K X 16 Flash, 18K X 16 SARAM, 1K X 16 OTP (One Time Programmable) ROM, boot ROM (4K X 16) with software boot modes ( via SCI, SPI, CAN) and standard math tables.

Real Time JTAG and Analysis

The board is equipped with a 14-pin connector in order to allow the connection of an emulator to the DSP chip through a JTAG port (Boundary Scan Support). A variety of third-party emulator can be used in conjunction with Texas Instrumentss software Code Composer in order to program, debug, and analyze the code as well as to view in real time the contents of memory, peripheral and register locations.

Other Features

The TMS2808 DSP CONTROLLER BOARD has separate analog and digital grounds (it is a six layer board) and the two grounds are connected in only one point, close to the connector that brings all the voltages for the boards. The board accepts +5V (for the analog and digital section) and a single voltage in the range of 5 -15V for the PWM channels. For maximum noise immunization, all the above voltages have high performance EMI filters made of ferrite beads and ceramic capacitor capable of suppressing unwanted radiation from other sources making the board ideal for operating in a very noisy environment. All the four DC-DC converters present on the board have an isolation voltage of 1000VDC. A power supply monitor chip is also included on the board.

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