List of DOS commands

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Contents
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1 Resident and transient commands 2 Command line arguments 3 Windows command prompt o 3.1 Command line help 4 Commands o 4.1 append o 4.2 assign o 4.3 attrib o 4.4 backup and restore o 4.5 BASIC and BASICA o 4.6 Call o 4.7 cd or chdir o 4.8 chcp o 4.9 chkdsk o 4.10 choice o 4.11 cls o 4.12 copy o 4.13 ctty o 4.14 defrag o 4.15 del or erase o 4.16 deltree o 4.17 dir o 4.18 echo o 4.19 edit o 4.20 edlin o 4.21 exe2bin o 4.22 exit o 4.23 fastopen o 4.24 fc or comp o 4.25 fdisk o 4.26 find o 4.27 format o 4.28 help o 4.29 intersvr & interlnk o 4.30 join

4.31 label 4.32 loadfix 4.33 loadhigh, lh 4.34 md or mkdir 4.35 mem 4.36 memmaker 4.37 mode 4.38 more 4.39 move 4.40 msd 4.41 path 4.42 pause 4.43 pcpark 4.44 print 4.45 rd or rmdir 4.46 rem 4.47 ren 4.48 scandisk 4.49 set 4.50 setver 4.51 share 4.52 smartdrive 4.53 sort 4.54 subst 4.55 sys 4.56 time and date 4.57 tree 4.58 truename 4.59 type 4.60 undelete 4.61 Ver 4.62 verify 4.63 xcopy 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

In the personal computer operating systems MS-DOS and PC-DOS, a number of standard system commands were provided for common tasks such as listing files on a disk or moving files. Some commands were built-in to the command interpreter, others existed as transient commands loaded into memory when required. Over the several generations of MS DOS, commands were added for the additional functions of the operating system. In the current Microsoft Windows operating system a text-mode command prompt window can still be used. Some DOS commands

carry out functions equivalent to those in a UNIX system but always with differences in details of the function.

[edit] Resident and transient commands

The command interpreter for MS DOS runs when no application programs are running; after an application exits, if the memory used for the command interpreter was overwritten, MS DOS will re-load the command interpreter from disk storage. The command interpreter is usually stored in a file called "COMMAND.COM". Some commands are built-into COMMAND.COM. When the user types a line of text at the operating system command prompt, COMMAND.COM will parse the line, and attempt to match a command name to a built-in command or to the name of an excecutable program file or batch file on disk. If no match is found, an error message is printed and the command prompt is refreshed. Resident commands varied slightly between revisions of MS DOS. Typically, the functions DIR (list directory), ERASE or DEL (erase a file or directory), COPY (copy files), DATE (display or set date), TIME (display or set time), CD (change working directory), MD (make a directory on the current disk), REN (rename a file or directory) and some others were resident in COMMAND.COM. Other programs were too large to keep in the command processor, or were less frequently used. Such utility programs would be stored on disk and loaded just like regular application programs, but were distributed with the operating system. Copies of these utility command programs had to be on an accessible disk, either on the current logged-in floppy drive or on the command path set in the command interpreter.

[edit] Command line arguments

Main article: Command-line interface

Parts of an MS DOS command line, showing a system prompt, command and command line arguments, drive letters, file spec with wildcard character and command line switches. In the list below, when a command can accept more than one filename, or a filename including wildcards (* and ?), it is said to accept a filespec parameter. Commands that can accept only a single filename are said to accept a filename parameter. Additionally, zero or more command line switches, or other parameter strings, can be supplied on the command line. Spaces, and symbols such as a "/" or a "-" may be used to allow the command processor to parse the command line into file names, file specifications, and other options. In DOS commands, unlike Unix, lower-case and capital letters are equivalent for file name specifiers; DOS commands preserve case, but do not require file specifiers to match case. Often

parameters or arguments are also independent of case, especially in those programs developed only for DOS. Utility programs that also have versions running under UNIX-like operating systems often use upper and lower case arguments to mean different things. Sometimes a hyphen ("-") may be used instead of a slash ("/"); very early versions of DOS made the setting of the delimiter character a user-controlled option. Commands which are not built into the command interpreter may follow the same conventions. For some commands, a UNIX command with similar functions is given. Comparisons are approximate. While many commands are the same across many DOS systems (MS-DOS, PCDOS, DR-DOS, FreeDOS, etc.) some differ in command syntax or name.

[edit] Windows command prompt

Microsoft Windows supports a number of commands which may be invoked by typing them in a command window; they are usually similar to their MS-DOS equivalents. Typing help followed by a carriage return at a command prompt will list the commands. File and path names used as arguments may be long, unlike MS-DOS 8.3 names, and may contain embedded spaces; names with spaces must be enclosed between a pair of double-quote characters ("). Two command-line interfaces can be used in current versions of Microsoft Windows, providing access to the functions of the MS-DOS commands. The old DOS command.com interpreter is similar to that used by the original DOS systems. Since this 16-bit executable is based on the DOS command.com, it does not support all the extended file name syntax of Windows. Windows applications and other Windows executables can be started. The Windows Console Command Interpreter, cmd.exe, is a native Windows Process that provides the functionality built in the old DOS command.com and a much extended syntax to run, invoke commands and other tasks.

[edit] Command line help

In versions 5 of DOS and later, the user can get help by typing help at the shell prompt. To get help on a DOS command, the command-line switch /? can be used. For example, to get help for the xcopy command, type the following at the DOS prompt:
xcopy /?

The operating system will execute the command and the /? parameter instructs the command to display a help page about itself, in this case xcopy. To view this help page, see the xcopy entry on this page.

[edit] Commands
A partial list of the most common commands for DOS follows.

[edit] append
Display or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path. This had some creative uses, such as allowing non-CD based games to be run from the CD, with configuration/save files stored on the HD.
append; append [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] append [/X:on|off][/E]

[edit] assign
The command redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive.
assign [x[:]=y[:]... assign /STATUS

Options:

x The drive letter to reassign. y The drive letter that x: will be assigned to. /STATUS Displays the current drive assignments. If typed without parameters then all drive letters are reset to original assignments. The command is available in MS-DOS 5.00.

[edit] attrib
Change or view the attributes of one or more files. It defaults to displaying the attributes of all files in the current directory.
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H][drive:][path][filename] [/S [/D]]

Options:

To add an attribute attach a '+' in front of it. To remove an attribute attach a '-' in front of it Attributes include o R - Read-only o A - Archive o S - System o H - Hidden o /D - Process folders as well. o /S - Process matching files in the current folder and all subfolders.

Note: Everything inside a brace [option] is an optional item. Roughly equivalent to the Unix commands chattr and lsattr.

[edit] backup and restore

Programs to back up and restore files from an external disk. These appeared in version 2, and continued to PC-DOS 5 and MS-DOS 6 (PC-DOS 7 had a deversioned check). In DOS 6, these were replaced by commercial programs (CPBACKUP, MSBACKUP), which allowed files to be restored to different locations.

[edit] BASIC and BASICA

An implementation of the BASIC programming language for PCs. IBM computers had BASIC 1.1 in ROM, and IBM's versions of BASIC used code in this ROM-BASIC, which allowed for extra memory in the code area. BASICA last appeared in IBMDOS 5.02, and in OS/2 (2.0 and later), the version had ROMBASIC moved into the program code. Microsoft released GW-BASIC for machines with no ROM-BASIC. Some OEM releases had basic.com and basica.com as loaders for GW-BASIC.EXE.

[edit] Call
Calls one batch program from another. A new batch file context is created with the specified arguments and control is passed to the statement after the label specified. Syntax:
call [filespec][batch file parameters]

filespec: name and if necessary path of the new batch file parameters: switches

[edit] cd or chdir
Change current working directory. Displays the current working directory when used without a path parameter.
cd

displays the current working directory on the current drive.

cd directory

changes the working directory on the current drive to directory.

chdir e:directory

changes the working directory on E: to directory.

cd ..

changes the working directory to the parent directory (up one directory level).
cd \

changes the working directory to the root (top level) directory of the current drive. Equivalent to the Unix command cd (with a path parameter), or pwd (without a parameter). cd .. changes to the parent directory.

[edit] chcp
Changes the code page used to display character glyphs in a console window.
chcp [codepage]

With a numeric parameter, this command changes the codepage setting to codepage. Without a parameter, the command displays the currently active codepage.

[edit] chkdsk
Verifies a storage volume (hard disk, partition, floppy disk, flash drive, etc) for file system integrity. Options:

/F : Fixes errors on the volume (without /F , chkdsk only detects errors) /P : Forces a full verification /R : Searches for defective sectors and recovers legible information (applies /F) /X : Unmounts the volume before processing if needed. (Note: Unmounting temporarily invalidates all pointers/handlers to the volume until process is completed)

chkdsk volume letter: [[path]filename] [/F] [/P] [/R] [/X] Equivalent to the Unix command fsck

[edit] choice
Allows for batch files to prompt the user to select one item from a set of single-character choices. Introduced in MS-DOS 6;[1] DR-DOS 7.03.[2] Earlier versions of DR-DOS supported this function with the switch command (for numeric choices) or by beginning a command with a question mark.[2]

[edit] cls
Clears the screen.
cls

Equivalent to the Unix clear.

[edit] copy
Copies files from one location to another. The destination defaults to the current directory. If multiple source files are indicated, the destination must be a directory, or an error will result. Syntax:
copy from [source\filename] to [destination\folder] Files may be copied to devices. For example, copy file lpt1 sends the file to the printer on LPT1. copy file con outputs file to the screen ("console"), which can also done using type file. Devices themselves may be copied: copy con file takes the

be

text typed into the console and puts it into file, stopping when EOF (Ctrl+Z) is typed. Files may be concatenated using +. For example, copy file1+file2 file_cat will concatenate the files and output them as file_cat. There are two switches to modify the command's behaviour, /a (text mode, the default) and /b (binary mode). In text mode, copy will stop when it reaches the EOF character; in binary mode, the files will be concatenated in their entirety, ignoring EOF characters. Examples of usage:
copy /a alpha.txt + beta.txt gamma.txt copy /b alpha.mpg + beta.mpg gamma.mpg Equivalent Unix commands are cp (for copying) and cat (for concatenation). Device files may be copied in Unix as well, e.g. cp file /dev/tty will display a file on the screen (but cat file is more commonly used here). Equivalent RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS command is copy.

Examples of usage:
copy con filename.extension

Everything typed at the console is sent to the file, until a control Z character is typed.

[edit] ctty
Defines the device to use for input and output. Syntax:
ctty device

device: The terminal device to be used. Example of usage:

ctty COM1 hello

[edit] defrag
(in MS/PC-DOS; diskopt in DR-DOS) Defragments a disk drive. Options:

-A -F -V -H

Analyses the fragmentation of a disk drive Force defragmentation even if disk space is low Verbose output mode Defrag hidden files

Example of usage:
defrag driveletter: -a -v

No Unix equivalent.

[edit] del or erase

Deletes one or more files. This command is used to delete a particular or more files. Syntax:
del filename erase filename

Options
*.* All files in current folder *.* /s all files in current folder and sub folders, Equivalent to the Unix command rm.

Equivalent in RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS operating systems line is delete command which can be contracted to del.

[edit] deltree
Deletes a directory along with all of the files and subdirectories that it contains. Normally, it will ask for confirmation of such a drastic action.
deltree [/y] directory

The /y parameter, if present, tells the deltree command to carry out without first prompting for confirmation. The deltree command is not included in recent Microsoft Windows operating systems. Deleting a non-empty directory in those versions of Windows where the command is not included, can be achieved by using the rmdir command as in the following example:
rmdir /s [/q] directory

In Unix, the functionality of deltree is provided by the rm command with the parameter -r (or -rf for the /y switch).

[edit] dir
Lists the contents of a directory. The dir command typed by itself, displays the disk's volume label and serial number; one directory or filename per line, including the filename extension, the file size in bytes, and the date and time the file was last modified; and the total number of files listed, their cumulative size, and the free space (in bytes) remaining on the disk. The command is one of the few commands that exist from the first versions of DOS.
dir [drive:][path][filename] [parameters]

Most commonly used parameters of dir include:

/W

: Displays the listing in wide format, with as many as five filenames or directory names on each line. /P : Pause at every page /S : Also look in subdirectories /Axx: Display files with the specified attributes only /Oxx: Modifies sort order /B : Uses bare format (no heading information or summary) > [drive:][path][filename] : To Store Result in a text file;(c:\dir > c:\fileList.txt) (this is not a parameter, it is output redirection)

Possible attributes for the A parameter are D (directories), R (read-only files), H (hidden files), A (files/directories with the archive bit on), and S (system files). The prefix - negates an attribute; attributes can be combined (e.g. /A:DA means directories with the archive bit on). Possible sort orders are N (name), S (size), E (extension), D (date and time), A (last access date), and G (group directories first). The prefix - reverses the order. Other less commonly used parameters of dir include:
/D /L /N /Q /X

: Display wide format but sorted by column : Display forced into lowercase : Display forced into long file name format instead of 8.3 : Displays the owner of each file : Display shows 8.3 names next to long file names

The default parameters of dir can be set using the DIRCMD environment variable. Equivalent to the Unix command ls (the option -l is "long" list format, it works in the opposite manner to /w.) Equivalent in RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS operating systems line is directory command which can be contracted to dir.

[edit] echo
Prints its own arguments back out to the DOS equivalent of the standard output stream. Usually, this means directly to the screen, but the output of echo can be redirected like any other command. Often used in batch files to print text out to the user.
echo this is text echo. Outputs 'this is text' Outputs a blank line

Another important use of the echo command is to toggle echoing of commands on and off in batch files.
echo on echo off

Traditionally batch This says to the interpreter that echoing of commands should be off during the whole execution of the batch file thus resulting in a "tidier" output. The @ symbol declares that this particular command (echo off) should also be executed without echo. For example the following 2 batch files are equivalent: Batch1.bat:
@echo off echo The files in your root directory: dir /b /a-d c:\

turns on echoing of commands turns off echoing of commands files begin with the @echo off statement.

Batch2.bat:
@echo The files in your root directory: @dir /b /a-d c:\

Echo can be used to write to files directly from the console, by redirecting the output stream:
echo text > filename

Echo can also be used to append to files directly from the console, again by redirecting the output stream:
echo text >> filename

To type more than one line from the console into a file, use copy con (above). Equivalent to the Unix command echo.

[edit] edit
Full-screen text editor, included with MS-DOS 5 and 6, OS/2 and Windows NT to 4.0

Windows 95 and later, and W2k and later use Edit v 2.0 PC-DOS 6 and later use the DOS E Editor. DR-DOS used editor up to version 7.

[edit] edlin
DOS line-editor. It can be used with a script file, like debug, this makes it of some use even today. The absence of a console editor in MS/PC-DOS 1-4 created an after-market for third-party editors. In DOS 5, an extra command "?" was added to give the user much needed help. DOS 6 was the last version to contain EDLIN, for MS-DOS 6, it's on the supplemental disks, PC-DOS 6 had it in the base install. Windows NT 32-bit, and OS/2 have Edlin.

[edit] exe2bin
Converts an executable (.exe) file into a binary file with the extension .com, which is a memory image of the program. The size of the resident code and data sections combined in the input .exe file must be less than 64KB. The file must also have no stack segment.

[edit] exit
Exits the current command processor. If the exit is used at the primary command, it has no effect unless in a DOS window under Microsoft Windows, in which case the window is closed and the user returns to the desktop.
exit [/B] /B When used within a batch script, exits the script without closing the calling DOS window

Exit also exists in Unix-shells. If an exit command is used in the primary command shell under Unix, however, it will logoff the user, similar to the control-D keystroke.

[edit] fastopen
Main article: FASTOPEN

[edit] fc or comp
Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between them.
FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/T] [/W] [/nnnn] [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2 FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2 /A Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences. /B Performs a binary comparison. /C Disregards the case of letters. /L Compares files as ASCII text. /LBn Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified number of lines. /N Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison. /T Does not expand tabs to spaces. /W Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison. /nnnn Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match after a mismatch. [drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies the first file or set of files to compare. [drive2:][path2]filename2 Specifies the second file or set of files to compare.[citation needed] Equivalent to the Unix commands comm, cmp and diff.

[edit] fdisk

Manipulates hard disk partition tables. The name derives from IBM's habit of calling hard drives fixed disks. When run from the command line, it displays a menu of various partitioning operations:
1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive 2. Set active partition 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive 4. Display partition information 5. Change current fixed disk drive (only available if the computer has more than one hard drive)

FDISK /MBR installs a standard master boot record on the hard drive. FDISK /MBR #: where # is other partition on system. Completes above command on indicated partition.
e.g.: "C:\FDISK /MBR D:" would install boot record on D:\ partition.

Fdisk exists under Unix with the same name, but it is an entirely different program. However they share purposes.

[edit] find
A filter to find lines in the input data stream that contain or don't contain a specified string and send these to the output data stream. Find may also be used as a pipe.
find "keyword" < ''inputfilename'' > ''outputfilename'' Searches for a text string in a file or files. FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string. /C Displays only the count of lines containing the string. /N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines. /I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string. "string" Specifies the text string to find. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt or piped from another command. Equivalent to the Unix command grep. The Unix command find performs an entirely different function analogous to dir /s.

[edit] format
Delete all the files on the disk and reformat it for MS-DOS In most cases, this should only be used on floppy drives or other removable media. This command can potentially erase everything on a computer's hard disk. /autotest and /backup are undocumented features. Both will format the drive without a confirmation prompt.
format FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT [options] drive drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/F:size] [/B | /S] [/C] drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] [/B | /S] [/C] drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/B | /S] [/C]

FORMAT drive: [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/8] [/B | /S] [/C] /V[:label] Specifies the volume label. /Q Performs a quick format. /F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (such as 160, 180, 320, 360, 720, 1.2, 1.44, 2.88). /B Allocates space on the formatted disk for system files. /S Copies system files to the formatted disk. /T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk side. /N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track. /1 Formats a single side of a floppy disk. /4 Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a high-density drive. /8 Formats eight sectors per track. /C Tests clusters that are currently marked "bad."

There is also an undocumented /u parameter for "unconditional" that will write strings of zeros on every sector. This is now an official switch in Windows Vista and 7 but with the parameter /p instead. Equivalent to the Unix command mkfs. Equivalent in RT-11/RSX-11/OpenVMS operating systems line is format command which can not create filesystem. After formatting one should use initialize (contracted to init) command to create filesystem (Equivalent to MS-DOS command format /q or "quick format").

[edit] help
Gives help about DOS. MS-DOS help 'command' would give help on a specific command. By itself, it lists the contents of DOSHELP.HLP. Help for a specific command invokes the command with the /? option. In MS-DOS 6.x this command exists as FASTHELP. MS-DOS 6.xx help command uses QBASIC to view a quickhelp HELP.HLP file, which contains more extensive information on the commands, with some hyperlinking etc. The MS-DOS 6.22 help system is included on Windows 9x cdrom versions as well. PC-DOS PC-DOS 7.xx help uses view.exe to open OS/2 style .INF files (cmdref.inf, dosrexx.inf and doserror.inf), opening these to the appropriate pages. DR-DOS In DR-DOS, help is a batch file that launches DR-DOS' reference, dosbook. Microsoft Windows Windows NT, all versions, uses DOS 5 style help, but versions before VISTA have also a Windows help file (NTCMDS.HLP or NTCMDS.INF) in a similar style to MS-DOS 6. FreeDOS FreeDOS uses an HTML help system, which views HTML help files on a specified path. The path is stored in HELPPATH environment variable, if not specified, default path is \HELP on the drive which HELP is placed. Partially equivalent to the Unix command man.

[edit] intersvr & interlnk

(in MS-DOS; filelink in DR-DOS) Network PCs using a null modem cable or LapLink cable. The server-side version of InterLnk, it also immobilizes the machine it's running on as it is an active app (As opposed to a TSR) which must be running for any transfer to take place. DR-DOS' filelink is executed on both the client and server. New in PC-DOS 5.02, MS-DOS 6.0[3] No direct Unix equivalent, though some Unices offer the ability to network computers with TCP/IP through null modem or Laplink cables using PLIP or SLIP.

[edit] join
Attaches a drive letter to a specified directory on another drive.[3]
JOIN d: [d:\path] JOIN [/D] (removes drive assignment) If JOIN a: c:\floppy were executed,

c:\floppy would display the contents of the a: drive. The opposite can be achieved via the subst command.

[edit] label
Changes the label on a logical drive, such as a hard disk partition or a floppy disk. In Unix and Unix-like systems, this differs from filesystem to filesystem. e2label can be used for ext2 partitions.

[edit] loadfix
Loads a program above the first 64K of memory, and runs the program.
loadfix [drive:][path]filename

Included only in MS/PC-DOS. DR-DOS used memmax, which opened or closed lower, upper, and video memory access, to block the lower 64K of memory.[4]

[edit] loadhigh, lh
Main article: loadhigh hiload in DR-DOS.

[edit] md or mkdir
Makes a new directory. The parent of the directory specified will be created if it does not already exist.
md directory

Equivalent to the Unix command mkdir.

[edit] mem
Displays memory usage.

mem

Options:

/CLASSIFY or /C - Lists the size of programs, provides a summary of memory in use and lists largest memory block available. /DEBUG or /D - Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other information. /PROGRAM or /P Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory. Equivalent to the Unix command free.

[edit] memmaker
Starting from version 6, MS-DOS included the external program MemMaker which was used to free system memory (especially Conventional memory) by automatically reconfiguring the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files. This was usually done by moving TSR Programs to the Upper memory. The whole process required three system restarts. Before the first restart the user was asked whether he/she wanted to enable EMS Memory or not. The use of MemMaker was popular among gamers who wanted to enable or disable Expanded memory in order to run a game which required EMS or not. Better results could be achieved by an experienced user manually configuring the startup files to achieve greater free memory yield. Options:

/BATCH Runs MemMaker in batch (unattended) mode. In batch mode, MemMaker takes the default action at all prompts. /UNDO Instructs MemMaker to undo its most recent changes. PC-DOS uses another program RamBoost to optimize memory, either the HIMEM/EMM386 or a third-party memory manager.

[edit] mode
Configures system devices. Changes graphics modes, adjusts keyboard settings, prepares code pages, and sets up port redirection.[5]

[edit] more
Pages through the output so that you can view more than one screen of text.
command | more

Equivalent to the Unix commands more and less. More may also be used as a filter.
more < inputfilename

[edit] move
Moves files or renames directories.
move filename newname move driveletter:\olddir driveletter:\newdir

Example of usage:
move c:\old c:\new

Equivalent to the Unix command mv. DR-DOS used a separate command for renaming directories, rendir.

[edit] msd
Main article: Microsoft Diagnostics Provides detailed technical information about the computer's hardware and software.
msd

New in MS-DOS 6;[6] the PC-DOS version of this command is QCONFIG.[citation needed] No Unix equivalent, however in GNU/Linux similar type of information may be obtained from various text files in /proc directory.

[edit] path
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

[edit] pause
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message 'Press any key to continue. . .'. This command exists in all versions of Microsoft Windows and has the exact same function.

[edit] pcpark
Parks the hard disk heads in order to enable safe shutdown; only used on early versions.
pcpark

No Unix equivalent. MS-DOS 3.2 (and possibly others) used the command HHSET

[edit] print
Adds a file in the print queue. Options:

/D device : Specifies the name of the print devices. Default value is LPT1 /P filename : Add files in the print queue /T : Removes all files from the print queue /C filename : Removes a file from the print queue

This command was introduced in MS-DOS version 2. Before that there was no built-in support for background printing files. The user would usually use the copy command to copy files to LPT1. Equivalent to the Unix commands lp and lpr.

[edit] rd or rmdir
Remove a directory, which by default must be empty of files for the command to succeed (the /s flag removes this restriction).
rd directory

Equivalent to the Unix command rmdir.

[edit] rem
Remark statement, normally used within a batch file. An alternative way not to run a specific statement in a batch file is creating a label that will never be used, ::.
rem > newfilename In Unix, the #

sign can be used to start a comment.

[edit] ren
Renames a file. Unlike the move command, this command cannot be used to rename subdirectories, or rename files across drives.
ren filename newname

You can rename files in another directory by using the PATH parameter:
ren [path]|[filename] [newfilename]

An example could be:

ren c:\Windows filex.txt filey.txt

On DOS with long filename support, care must be taken when directories have spaces in their names like "Documents and Settings". In these cases double-quotes are used to enclose them:
ren c:\"Documents and Settings"\"All Users"\Desktop filex.txt filey.txt

Mass renames can be accomplished by the use of wildcards. For example, the following command will change the extension of all files in the current directory which currently have the extension htm to html:
ren *.htm *.html

In Unix, this functionality of a simple move is provided by the mv command, while batch renames can be done using the rename command.

[edit] scandisk
Disk diagnostic utility. Scandisk was a replacement for the chkdsk utility, starting with later versions of MS-DOS. Its primary advantages over chkdsk is that it is more reliable and has the ability to run a surface scan which finds and marks bad clusters on the disk. It also provided mouse point-and-click TUI, allowing for interactive session to complement command-line batch run.

chkdsk

had surface scan and bad cluster detection functionality included, and was used again on Windows NT based operating systems. Equivalent to the Unix command fsck.

[edit] set
Sets environmental variables. See Environment variable. Since Windows 2000, it can even be used for command line inputs by using Parameter /P
set /p choice=Type your text. echo You typed: "%choice%"

[edit] setver
TSR designed to return a different value to the version of DOS that is running. This allows programs that look for a specific version of DOS to run under a different DOS. Setver appeared in version 4, and has been in every version of DOS, OS/2 and Windows NT since.

[edit] share
Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
share [/F:space] [/L:locks] /F:space Allocates file space (in bytes) for file-sharing information. /L:locks Sets the number of files that can be locked at one time.

[edit] smartdrive
Main article: SmartDrive

[edit] sort
A filter to sort lines in the input data stream and send them to the output data stream.
sort < inputfilename > outputfilename Similar to the Unix command sort. Handles

files up to 64k. This sort is always case

insensitive.[7]

[edit] subst
A utility to map a subdirectory to a drive letter.[3]
subst <d:> <path> subst <d:> /D (Deletes the substitute drive) If SUBST e: c:\edrive were executed, a new drive letter e:

would be created, showing the contents of c:\edrive. The opposite can be achieved via the join command.

[edit] sys

A utility to make a volume bootable. Sys rewrites the Volume Boot Code (the first sector of the partition that Sys is acting on) so that the code, when executed, will look for Io.sys. Sys also copies the core DOS system files, Io.sys, Msdos.sys, and Command.com, to the volume. Sys does NOT rewrite the Master Boot Record, contrary to widely-held belief.

[edit] time and date

Display and set the time and date
time date

When these commands are called from the command line or a batch file, they will display the time or date and wait for the user to type a new time or date and press RETURN. The command 'time /t' will bypass asking the user to reset the time. The Unix command date displays both the time and date, but does not allow the normal users to change either. Users with superuser privileges may use date -s <new-datetime> to change the time and date. The Unix command time performs a different function.

[edit] tree
Shows the directory tree of the current directory Syntax:
tree [options] [directory]

Options:

/F (Displays the names of the files in each folder.) /A (Use ASCII instead of the extended characters.) /? (Shows the help)

[edit] truename
truename or truename drivename or truename filename or truename directory

If typed without a parameter then the current active drive pathname is displayed. MS-DOS can find files and directories given their names, without full path information, if the search object is on a path specified by the environment variable PATH. For example, if PATH includes C:\PROGRAMS, and file MYPROG.EXE is on this directory, then if MYPROG is typed at the command prompt, the command processor will execute
C:\PROGRAMS\MYPROG.EXE the TRUENAME command will

expand a name in an abbreviated form which the command processor can recognise into its full form, and display the result. It can see through SUBST and JOIN to find the actual directory. In the above example,
TRUENAME MYPROG

would display
C:\PROGRAMS\MYPROG.EXE

and for a substituted drive set up by

subst d: c:\util\test

the command
truename d:\test.exe

will display
c:\util\test\test.exe

This command also displays the UNC pathnames of mapped network or local CD drives. This command is an undocumented DOS command. The help switch "/?" defines it as a "Reserved command name". It is available in MS-DOS 5.00. This command is similar to the Unix which command, which, given an executable found in $PATH, would give a full path and name. The C library function realpath performs this function. The Microsoft Windows command processors do not support this command.

[edit] type
Display a file. The more command is frequently used in conjunction with this command, e.g. type long-text-file | more.
type filename

Equivalent to the Unix command cat.

[edit] undelete
Restores file previously deleted with del. By default all recoverable files in the working directory are restored. The options are used to change this behavior. if the MS-DOS mirror TSR program is used, then deletion tracking files are created and can be used by undelete. Syntax:
undelete [filespec] [/list|/all][/dos|/dt]

Options:

/list : lists the files that can be undeleted. /all : Recovers all deleted files without prompting. Uses a number sign for missing first character. /dos : Recover only MS-DOS aware files, ignore deletion tracking file. /dt : Recover only deletion tracking file aware files. In Unix and Unix-like systems this differs from filesystem to filesystem. People who use the ext2 filesystem can try the command e2undel.

[edit] Ver

An internal DOS command, that reports the DOS version presently running, and since MS-DOS 5, whether DOS is loaded high. The corresponding command to report the Windows version is winver. Options: DOS 5 and later

/r : revision level, also shows whether DOS is loaded high /? : shows command line help.

Value returned:

MS-DOS up to 6.22, typically derive the DOS version from the DOS kernel. This may be different from the string it prints when it starts. PC-DOS typically derive the version from an internal string in command.com (so PCDOS 6.1 command.com reports the version as 6.10, although the kernel version is 6.00.) DR-DOS reports whatever value the environment variable OSVER reports. OS/2 command.com reports an internal string, with the OS/2 version. The underlying kernel here is 5.00, but modified to report x0.xx (where x.xx is the OS/2 version). Windows 9x command.com report a string from inside command.com. The build version (e.g. 2222), is also derived from there. Windows NT command.com reports either the 32-bit processor string (4nt, cmd), or under some loads, MS-DOS 5.00.500, (for all builds). The underlying kernel reports 5.00 or 5.50 depending on the interrupt. MS-DOS 5.00 commands run unmodified on NT. The Winver command usually displays a Windows dialog showing the version, with some information derived from the shell. In windows before Windows for workgroups 3.11, running winver from DOS reported an embedded string in winver.exe.

[edit] verify
Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been correctly written to disk. If no parameter is provided, the command will display the current setting.[8]
verify [on|off]

[edit] xcopy
Copy entire directory trees. Xcopy is a version of the copy command that can move files and directories from one location to another.
xcopy directory [destination-directory] Equivalent to the Unix command cp when

used with -r parameter.

[edit] See also

Command Line Interface

DOS List of Unix programs

[edit] References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ^ http://www.computerhope.com/choicehl.htm ^ a b http://www.drdos.com/dosdoc/usergeng/07ugch7.htm ^ a b c EasyDOS Command Index ^ DR DOS 6.0 User Guide. Digital Research. 1991. ^ http://www.computerhope.com/modehlp.htm ^ http://www.computerhope.com/msdhlp.htm ^ Microsoft on "sort" ^ http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/verify.html

[edit] External links

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Guide to Windows Commands

Command Reference : Microsoft TechNet Database "Command Reference" The MS-DOS 6 Technical Reference on TechNet contains the official Microsoft MSDOS 6 command reference documention. DR-DOS 7.03 online manual

There are several guides to DOS commands available that are licenced under the GNU Free Documentation License:

The FreeDOS Spec at SourceForge is a plaintext specification, written in 1999, for how DOS commands should work in FreeDOS MS-DOS commands A Collection of Undocumented and Obscure Features in Various MS-DOS Versions networking commands [hide]

vde

Windows command line programs and built-ins (more)

File system (basic) File system (advanced) Processes attrib cd chdir copy del deltree dir erase expand fdisk format makecab md mkdir mklink mountvol move ntbackup rd rename ren rmdir robocopy sfc sys type wbadmin xcopy assoc cacls chkdsk/scandisk chkntfs cipher comp compact convert defrag diskcomp diskcopy diskpart diskperf fc fixboot fixmbr fsutil ftype icacls label recover regsvr32 replace rsm subst tree verify vol vssadmin at exit kill schtasks start sc shutdown taskkill tasklist tlist

Registry

reg regini append chcp color date eventcreate finger graftabl mode path User pnputil popd pushd runas set setver setx systeminfo time title ver environment wevtutil whoami winsat Text edit edlin more sort processing Shell break call cmd command cscript doskey echo endlocal for goto if programming pause powershell prompt rem setlocal shift forfiles choice arp atmadm bitsadmin cmstp ftp getmac hostname ipconfig nbtstat Networking net netsh netstat nslookup pathping ping rcp rexec route rpcping rsh tcmsetup telnet tftp tracert find findstr where bcdedit bootcfg clip cls help print debug exe2bin lpq lpr msiexec Miscellaneous pentnt w32tm wmic powercfg (command) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" Categories: DOS on IBM PC compatibles | Microsoft lists Hidden categories: Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008
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1 ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys. 2 APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command. 3 ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices 4 ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter 5 ASSOC View the file associations 6 AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs. 7 ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager. 8 ATTRIB Display and change file attributes. 9 BATCH NRecovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file. 10 BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini 11 BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature. 12 CACLS View and modify file ACLs. 13 CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file. 14 CD Changes directories. 15 CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information. 16 CHDIR Changes directories. 17 CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors. 18 CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors. 19 CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file. 20 CLS Clears the screen. 21 CMD Opens the command interpreter.

22 COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window. 23 COMP Compares files. 24 COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files. 25 CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt. 26 CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS. 27 COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location. 28 CTTY Change the computers input/output devices. 29 DATE View or change the systems date. 30 DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings. 31 DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs. 32 DEL Deletes one or more files. 33 DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file. 34 DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories. 35 DIR List the contents of one or more directory. 36 DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers. 37 DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk. 38 DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk. 39 DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past. 40 DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users. 41 DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers. 42 ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo. 43 EDIT View and edit files. 44 EDLIN View and edit files.

45 EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager. 46 ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver. 47 ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command. 48 ERASE Erase files from computer. 49 EXPAND Expand a Microsoft Windows file back to its original format. 50 EXIT Exit from the command interpreter. 51 EXTRACT Extract files from the Microsoft Windows cabinets. 52 FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them 53 FC Compare files. 54 FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive. 55 FIND Search for text within a file. 56 FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file. 57 FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector. 59 FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive. 60 FOR Boolean used in batch files. 61 FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive. 62 FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server. 63 FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. 64 GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location. 65 GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode. 66 HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation. 67 IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.

68 IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager. 69 IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values. 70 KEYB Change layout of keyboard. 71 LABEL Change the label of a disk drive. 72 LH Load a device driver in to high memory. 73 LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers. 74 LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k. 75 LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory. 76 LOCK Lock the hard disk drive. 77 LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login. 78 MAP Displays the device name of a drive. 79 MD Command to create a new directory. 80 MEM Display memory on system. 81 MKDIR Command to create a new directory. 82 MODE Modify the port or display settings. 83 MORE Display one page at a time. 84 MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another DIRECTORY 85 MSAV Early Microsoft Virus scanner. 86 MSD Diagnostics utility. 87 MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM. 88 NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT 89 NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings 90 NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.

91 NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information. 92 NLSFUNC Load country specific information. 93 NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network. 94 PATH View and modify the computers path location 95 PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency 96 PAUSE command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command. 97 PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device . 98 POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command. 99 POWER Conserve power with computer portables. 100 PRINT Prints data to a printer port. 101 PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt. 102 PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time. 103 QBASIC Open the QBasic. 104 RD Removes an empty directory. 105 REN Renames a file or directory. 106 RENAME Renames a file or directory. 107 RMDIR Removes an empty directory. 108 ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables. 109 RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer. 110 SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility. 111 SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors. 112 SET Change one variable or string to another.

113 SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else. 114 SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities. 115 SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs. 116 SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program. 117 SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt. 118 SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory. 119 SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen. 120 START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt. 121 SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter. 122 SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS. 123 SYS Transfer system files to disk drive. 124 TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt. 125 TIME View or modify the system time. 126 TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window. 127 TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network. 128 TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive. 129 TYPE Display the contents of a file. 130 UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted. 131 UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive. 132 UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive. 133 VER Display the version information. 134 VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly. 135 VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive.

136 XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another. 137 TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists 138 TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications

Tagged as: command, dos

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{ 8 comments read them below or add one }

SALMAN KHAN February 11, 2010 at 3:04 pm

how can i change my gateway by using dos command? Reply

Rma shanker April 6, 2010 at 1:09 pm

I want to get all ms-dos commands internal and external with syntax and exemple.please send this commands to my id.I will very thank full to you. thanks Reply

Shashi May 25, 2010 at 11:39 am Wooooooooooowwwww thanks! Reply

KAGABO JEAN YVEA August 19, 2010 at 3:02 pm

Thank you very much,but there are another command like copy-conyou can add another if its possible we need it.thank you. Reply

Seospidy August 22, 2010 at 12:59 am

An A-Z Index of the Windows XP command line

ADDUSERS ARP ASSOC ASSOCIAT ATTRIB b BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info c CACLS CALL CD CHANGE CHKDSK CHKNTFS CHOICE CIPHER CleanMgr CLEARMEM CLIP CLS CLUSTER CMD CMDKEY COLOR COMP COMPACT COMPRESS CON2PRT CONVERT COPY CSCcmd CSVDE d DATE DEFRAG DEL DELPROF DELTREE DevCon DIR DIRUSE DISKCOMP DISKCOPY DISKPART DNSSTAT DOSKEY DSACLs DSAdd DSGet DSQuery Display or set the date Defragment hard drive Delete one or more files Delete NT user profiles Delete a folder and all subfolders Device Manager Command Line Utility Display a list of files and folders Display disk usage Compare the contents of two floppy disks Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another Disk Administration DNS Statistics Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros Active Directory ACLs Add items to active directory (user group computer) View items in active directory (user group computer) Search for items in active directory (user group computer) Change file permissions Call one batch program from another Change Directory - move to a specific Folder Change Terminal Server Session properties Check Disk - check and repair disk problems Check the NTFS file system Accept keyboard input to a batch file Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin Clear memory leaks Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard. Clear the screen Windows Clustering Start a new CMD shell Manage stored usernames/passwords Change colors of the CMD window Compare the contents of two files or sets of files Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition Compress individual files on an NTFS partition Connect or disconnect a Printer Convert a FAT drive to NTFS. Copy one or more files to another location Client-side caching (Offline Files) Import or Export Active Directory data Add or list users to/from a CSV file Address Resolution Protocol Change file extension associations One step file association Change file attributes

DSMod DSMove DSRM e

Modify items in active directory (user group computer) Move an Active directory Object Remove items from Active Directory

ECHO Display message on screen ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file ERASE Delete one or more files EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log EXIT Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel EXPAND Uncompress files EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files f FC FIND FINDSTR FOR /F FOR /F FOR FORFILES FORMAT FREEDISK FSUTIL FTP FTYPE g GLOBAL Display membership of global groups GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings h HELP i iCACLS IF IFMEMBER IPCONFIG k KILL l LABEL LOCAL LOGEVENT LOGMAN LOGOFF LOGTIME m MAPISEND MBSAcli MEM MD MKLINK MODE MORE MOUNTVOL MOVE MOVEUSER MSG MSIEXEC Send email from the command line Baseline Security Analyzer. Display memory usage Create new folders Create a symbolic link (linkd) Configure a system device Display output, one screen at a time Manage a volume mount point Move files from one folder to another Move a user from one domain to another Send a message Microsoft Windows Installer Edit a disk label Display membership of local groups Write text to the NT event viewer Manage Performance Monitor Log a user off Log the date and time in a file Remove a program from memory Change file and folder permissions Conditionally perform a command Is the current user in an NT Workgroup Configure IP Online Help Compare two files Search for a text string in a file Search for strings in files Loop command: against a set of files Loop command: against the results of another command Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List Batch process multiple files Format a disk Check free disk space (in bytes) File and Volume utilities File Transfer Protocol Display or modify file types used in file extension associations

MSINFO MSTSC MUNGE MV n NET NETDOM NETSH NETSVC NBTSTAT NETSTAT NOW NSLOOKUP NTBACKUP NTRIGHTS o p

Windows NT diagnostics Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol) Find and Replace text within file(s) Copy in-use files Manage network resources Domain Manager Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote access Command-line Service Controller Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP) Display networking statistics (TCP/IP) Display the current Date and Time Name server lookup Backup folders to tape Edit user account rights

OPENFILES Query or display open files PATH Display or set a search path for executable files PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message PERMS Show permissions for a user PERFMON Performance Monitor PING Test a network connection POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services POWERCFG Configure power settings PRINT Print a text file PRINTBRM Print queue Backup/Recovery PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer PROMPT Change the command prompt PsExec Execute process remotely PsFile Show files opened remotely PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user PsInfo List information about a system PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID PsList List detailed information about processes PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing) PsLogList Event log records PsPasswd Change account password PsService View and control services PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer PsSuspend Suspend processes PUSHD Save and then change the current directory q QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern. r RASDIAL Manage RAS connections RASPHONE Manage RAS connections RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk. REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values REGEDIT Import or export registry settings REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL REGINI Change Registry Permissions REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file

REN REPLACE RD RMTSHARE ROBOCOPY ROUTE RUNAS RUNDLL32 s

Rename a file or files Replace or update one file with another Delete folder(s) Share a folder or a printer Robust File and Folder Copy Manipulate network routing tables Execute a program under a different user account Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

SC Service Control SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time SCLIST Display NT Services SET Display, set, or remove environment variables SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables SETX Set environment variables permanently SFC System File Checker SHARE List or edit a file share or print share SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file) SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer SLEEP Wait for x seconds SLMGR Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008) SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future SORT Sort input START Start a program or command in a separate window SU Switch User SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter SYSTEMINFO List system configuration t TASKLIST TASKKILL TIME TIMEOUT TITLE TLIST TOUCH TRACERT TREE TYPE TypePerf u USRSTAT v VER VERIFY VOL w WHERE WHOAMI WINDIFF WINMSD WINMSDP WINRM WINRS Locate and display files in a directory tree Output the current UserName and domain Compare the contents of two files or sets of files Windows system diagnostics Windows system diagnostics II Windows Remote Management Windows Remote Shell Display version information Verify that files have been saved Display a disk label List domain usernames and last login List running applications and services Remove a running process from memory Display or set the system time Delay processing of a batch file Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session Task list with full path Change file timestamps Trace route to a remote host Graphical display of folder structure Display the contents of a text file Write performance data to a log file

WMIC x XCACLS XCOPY ::

WMI Commands Change file and folder permissions Copy files and folders Comment / Remark