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1/ Nguyn t (NT): - Ht v cng nh , trung ha v in, to nn cc cht.

Cu to: + Ht nhn mang in tch (+)(Gm: Proton(p) mang in tch (+) v ntron khng mang in ). Khi lng ht nhn c coi l khi lng nguyn t. + V nguyn t cha 1 hay nhiu electron (e) mang in tch (-). Electron chuyn ng rt nhanh quanh ht nhn v sp xp theo lp (th t sp xp (e) ti a trong tng lp t trong ra ngoi: STT ca lp : 1 2 3 S e ti a : 2e 8e 18e Trong nguyn t: - S p = s e = s in tch ht nhn = s th t ca nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc - Quan h gia s p v s n : p n 1,5p ( ng vi 83 nguyn t ) - Khi lng tng i ca 1 nguyn t ( nguyn t khi ) NTK = s n + s p - Khi lng tuyt i ca mt nguyn t ( tnh theo gam ) + mT = m e + mp + mn + mP
-28 + me Nguyn t c th ln kt c vi nhau nh e lp ngoi cng.

m 1VC 9.11.10 g
n

1.67.10- 24 g,

Cau 1 / (1,5) a/ Nhng nguyen t cung loai co cung so hat nao trong hat nhan ? b/ Co the coi khoi lng cua hat nhan la khoi lng cua nguyen t c khong ? Giai thch . Bai tap 1: Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht trong p, n, e l 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t R ?
Cu 2. (4 im) Nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 52.Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 16. a. Tnh s ht mi li ca nguyn t X b. Cho bit s electron trong ca nguyn t X c. Tnh nguyn t khi ca X, bit mp mn 1,013 vC d. Tnh khi lng bng gam ca X, bit khi lng ca 1 nguyn t C l 1,9926.1023 gam v C= 12 vC

Cau 2 / (2)

+Mot n v cacbon tng ng vi bao nhieu gam ? Hay tnh khoi lng thc cua nguyen t oxi . Cau 3 /(1) +Hay cho biet v sao phan t cua hp chat bat buoc phai gom t hai nguyen t tr len lien ket vi nhau va o la nhng nguyen t khac loai ? DA : Cac chat eu do phan t tao nen : Phan t gom nguyen t cung loai la n chat . Phan t gom nhng nguyen t khac loai la hp chat . Do o phan t cua hp chat bat buoc phai gom t 2 nguyen t khac loai lien ket vi nhau tao nen . (1 ) Cau 6 / (3 im) Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c tng s cc loi ht l 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10. a/Xc nh s p, s n, s e ca nguyn t nguyn t . b/ V s nguyn t, bit nguyn t c 3 lp e v lp e ngoi cng c 1e.
Cu 1: (4,5 im) Tng s ht proton, nowtron, electron trong nguyn t A l 34 ht. 1- Tnh s ht mi loi trong nguyn t A v cho bit A l nguyn t no? 2- Tnh khi lng bng gam ca nguyn t A.
Bi 4 ( 2,0 im) a. Nguyn t A c tng s ht p, n v e l 40. A l nguyn t ca nguyn t no? Bit trong ht nhn ca mi nguyn t lun c mi quan h s p v n l P N 1,52 P . Bit Na, Mg, Al, Si c s P ln lt l: 11,12,13,14. Cu 1(2 ): Tng s ht trong nguyn t X l 50 ht. Trong nguyn t X tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 14 ht. Tnh s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t X. Cu 1: (3 im) Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht l 46 ht. Trong s ht khng mang in bng 8 tng s ht mang in. Xc nh nguyn t X thuc nguyn t no? V s 15

cu to nguyn t X. b.

Cu 4.(3im) a/ Nguyn t X nng gp 2 ln nguyn t Oxi b/ Nguyn t Y nh hn nguyn t Magi 0,5 ln. c/ Nguyn t Z nng hn nguyn t Natri l 17 vc.

Hy: - Tnh nguyn t khi ca X, Y, Z? - Cho bit tn nguyn t v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t . ( Bit NTK ca O = 16vc; Mg = 24vc; Na = 23vc) Cu 1.(5 im) 1. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t l 28, trong s ht khng mang in chim xp x 35,7%. a. Tnh s ht mi loi. b. V s cu to nguyn t bit n c 2 lp electron v lp trong cng c 2 electron.

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