ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR

SUBMITTED TO PROF.SARITHA RAJ

SUBMITTED BY NISHANT.KB ROLL NO.22

ORGANISATIONALLY RELEVANT PERSONALITY TRAIT

Individual differences can be divided into personality and ability differences. Understanding the nature, determinants, and consequences of individual differences is essential for managing organizational behavior. An appreciation of the nature of individual differences is necessary to understand why people behave in certain ways in an organization. A review of the personality literature offers general guidelines that can lead to effective job performance. As such, it can improve hiring, transfer, and promotion decisions. Because personality characteristics create the parameters for peoples behavior, they give us a framework for predicting behavior. For example, individuals who are shy, introverted, and uncomfortable in social situations would probably be ill-suited as salespeople. Individuals who are submissive and conforming might not be effective as advertising idea people. Personality assessment should be used in conjunction with other information such as skills, abilities, and experience. However, knowledge of an individuals personality can aid in reducing mismatches, which, in turn, can lead to reduced turnover and higher job satisfaction We can look at certain personality characteristics that tend to be related to job success, test for those traits, and use the data to make selection more effective. A person who accepts rules, conformity, dependence, and rates high on authoritarianism is likely to feel more comfortable in, say, a structured assembly-line job, as an admittance clerk in a hospital, or as an administrator in a large public agency than as a researcher or an employee whose job requires a high degree of creativity.

Organizational outcomes predicted by personality include job satisfaction, work stress, and leadership effectiveness. Personality is not a useful predictor of organizational outcomes when there are strong situational constraints. Because personality tends to be stable over time, managers should not expect to change personality in the short run. Managers should accept workers personalities as they are and develop effective ways to deal with people. Feelings, thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors in an organization are determined by the interaction of personality and situation. The Big Five personality traits are extraversion (positive affectivity), neuroticism (negative affectivity), agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Other personality traits particularly relevant to organizational behavior include locus of control, self-monitoring, self-esteem, Type A and Type B personality, and the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power. In addition to possessing different personalities, workers also differ in their abilities, or capabilities. The two major types of ability are cognitive and physical ability. Types of cognitive ability can be arranged in a hierarchy with general intelligence at the top. Specific types of cognitive include: verbal, numerical, reasoning, deductive, ability to see relationships, memory, spatial, and perceptual.

There are two types of physical ability: motor skills (the ability to manipulate objects) and physical skills (a persons fitness and strength). Both nature and nurture contribute to determining physical and cognitive ability. A third, recently identified, ability is emotional intelligence. In organizations, ability can be managed by selecting individuals who have the abilities needed to accomplish tasks, placing workers in jobs that capitalize on their abilities, and training workers to enhance their ability levels.

Personality Traits

Personality can be defined as the sum total of ways in which an individual interacts with people and reacts to situations. Personality can also be defined as the traits exhibited by a person during these interactions. These personality traits are very significant to the study of organizational behavior.

The Big Five Personality Traits Are:

. Extraversion

Friendliness: The ability to quickly establish relationships with other people. Gregariousness: The level of social engagement. High scorers enjoy the company of others and tend to be comfortable in groups. Low scorers have a greater need for privacy and tend to avoid large groups of people. Activity Level: Active individuals get involved in many activities, leading fastpaced lives. People with a low activity level enjoy a more leisurely, slower-paced life.

Agreeableness

Trust the capacity to rely on someone elses integrity, ability or character. Altruism the need to help others, viewed as a form of self-fulfillment. Cooperation the ability to lower the priority of personal needs in order to get along with others.

Conscientiousness

Self-Efficacy the confidence in ones ability to accomplish goals. Achievement Striving. High scorers have a strong achievement drive and wish to be perceived as successful. Low scorers dont value social recognition as much and are satisfied performing at a level with which they are comfortable. Cautiousness the disposition to analyze all possibilities before taking decision or acting. Low scorers often do or say what comes first to their mind.

Neuroticism

Self-Consciousness the degree to which an individual is sensitive to what others think about him or her. High scorers indicate a concern about being criticized or rejected by others whereas low scorers are less concerned about judgment from others.

Openness to Experience

Adventurousness the degree to which one looks for new experiences. High scorers are not comfortable with routine, while low scorers tend to feel uncomfortable with change, preferring familiar routines. Liberalism the psychological meaning of the term refers to the readiness to challenge authority, convention and traditional values. Low scorers are called conservative and prefer security and stability brought by tradition.

DETEMINANTS OF PERSONALITY

HEREDITY:Heridity refers to those factorsthat where determined at and

reflexes,energy level,,and biological rythms are characterstics that are gerenally considered to be either completely or substantially influnced by who your parents where :that is,by their biological,physiological,and inherent psychological make up.The contribution of heridityto pesonality devlopment is vivdly clear for devloping external appearnce,bhevaviour ,social stimuli,self inner awareness ,organising trait,etc.

SITUATION:Situation further influnces the heredity and enviornment on pesonality.A

individuals personality ,while gerenally stable and conistent,does change in different situations.Different demand in different situation call forth different aspects of ones personality. It has been observed that many arrogantan indisciplined employees become humble and disiplined in a particular situation.Those having a criminal background may become powerful and strong administrators,dominant politicions,etc.

FAMILY:Childeren learn from their parents ,sisters and brothers.Family is the first
factor affecting personality devlopment,after hereditary charateristics and endowed.Rich people have different personalities from those of poor.Children nurtured under a warm,and loving enviornment are positive and active as compaired to children neglected by their parents.

SOCIAL:The accepted norm of social behaviour are known as culture .Culture was
traditionally considered as the major determinent of an individuals pesonality .The way in which people behave with others and the driving force of such functions are considered significant component of culture.The idiology of the culture is imitated by the following generations.The following attributesof indipendence ,aggerision,compitition,and cooperation are the outcome of cultural interaction.

ENVIORNMENT:Peple think that enviornment plays a major role in shaping

personality,infact the enviornment may have a more important role than inherited characterstics .Thats is beyond what genes inherited from parents,the enviornment a person experiences as a child has an important role in moulding ones personality .How a child is treated by adult,playmates and others influnces the childs personality.A person growing in a warm and nurturing household is much more likely to be well adjusted person than a child growing up in a cold and sterile enviornment.