1 Why do chemical bonds form?

(choose two)
to achieve a higher energy state
to achieve a lower energy state
to achieve a more stable electron configuration

2 Bond energy is the energy required to ___________ the bond holding two atoms together.
break
form

3 Ionic bonding involves

the transfer of electrons
the formation of ions
the attraction of opposite charges
metals and nonmetals
all of the above
4 The bond length of a bond is the distance where the energy of the system
is the highest
completely negates the energy of repulsion of the nuclei
optimizes the electron-electron forces of the two atoms
is at the lowest level with respect to the repulsive forces of the two nuclei and the attractive
forces of the nuclei for the electrons of the other atom

5 Which of the following does not play a role in the determination of bond length?
nuclear charge
electron charge
ion size
mass of neutrons
the potential energy of electrostatic charges
6 Covalent bonding involves
the sharing of electrons
elements with relatively high electronegativities
nonmetallic elements
all of the above
none of the above
7 Electronegativity generally
increases across a period from left to right
decreases across a period from left to right
increases down a group
decreases down a group

8 Which of the following sequences shows the correct order for an increase in
 electronegativity? (choose 3)
Al, Si, C
P, As, Se
Sn, Ge, Si
F, O, N
P, S, O
9 The greater the difference in electronegativity between two elements involved in a bond
the (choose two)
more nonpolar the bond becomes
more polar the bond becomes
greater the ionic character of the bond
smaller the ionic character

10 Based on the periodic table, arrange the following bonds from most polar to least polar.
O-Cl, P-Cl, N-Cl
O-Cl, P-Cl, N-Cl
N-Cl, O-Cl, P-Cl
P-Cl, N-Cl, O-Cl
O-Cl, N-Cl, P-Cl
P-Cl, O-Cl, N-Cl
11 A dipole moment (choose 2)
occurs between elements with similar electronegativities
occurs between elements with different electronegativities
is the condition of a molecule in which there is a positive center and a negative center
is caused by the sudden redistribution of electrons

12 Molecular geometries which may cause polar bonds to cancel each other out, resulting in a
nonpolar molecule are (choose three)
linear triatomic
trigonal pyramidal
planar (trigonal or square)
bent triatomic
tetrahedral
13 Which of the following molecules would exhibit a dipole moment?
H-H
H-Cl
O=O
F-F

14 Which of the following would not exhibit a dipole moment?

Cl2
BCl3
CO2
CH4
all of the above
15 How many of the following would exhibit a dipole moment?
 NH3, O2, H2O, CO2, CCl4
1
2
3
4
5
16 Ionic compounds are usually considered to be solid because the ions generally will
dissociate in aqueous solution.
True
False

17 Metallic ions (choose all correct)

are formed by the gaining of electrons
are formed by the losing of electrons
are cations
are smaller than the parent atom
are larger than the parent atom
18 Nonmetallic ions (choose all correct)
are formed by the gaining of electrons
are formed by the losing of electrons
are anions
are smaller than the parent atom
are larger than the parent atom
19 Which of the following have the electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p6?
Ar
S2-
Cl-
Ca2+
all of the above
20 Which of the following species are isoelectronic with O2-? (choose 3)
S2-
Ne
F-
P3-
Mg2+
21 Which of the following isoelectronic ions is the smallest?
S2-
Cl-
K+
Ca2+

22 The energy change that takes place when gaseous ions are formed into a solid is
ionic formation energy
lattice energy
 enthalpy of deionization
enthalpy of electrostatic attraction

23 Which of the following correctly represent lattice energy (M = metallic element, X =

nonmetallic element)?
M(g) + X(g) --> MX(s)
M(s) + X(s) ---> MX(s)
M+(g) + X-(g) --> MX(s)
M-(g) + X+(g) --> MX(s)

24 When lattice energy is negative it (choose two)

is endothermic
is exothermic
favors the formation of the solid
does not favor the formation of the solid

25 Given that lattice energy = k(Q1Q2/r), where Q1 and Q2 are the charges on the ions ad r is
the shortest distance between the cation and anion centers, which of the following is true in
terms of lattice energy? (choose two)
lattice energy will increase as the size of the ions increase
lattice energy will decrease as the size of the ions increase
lattice energy will increase as the charge difference between the ions increase
lattice energy will decrease as the charge difference between the ions increase

26 Which of the following has the most exothermic lattice energy?

LiCl
NaCl
KCl

27 Which of the following has the most exothermic lattice energy?

LiCl
Li2O
Li2S

28 Which of the following has the most exothermic lattice energy?

CaO
SrS

29 Covalent bonds are bonds formed by the sharing of electrons, but since electrons are not
always shared equally
there may be a certain amount of ionic character to the bond
the bond may become polar - having a partial transfer of electrons
 the bond will be considered covalent if there is a less that 50% ionic character
all of the above

30 Ionic compounds can be considered to be those compounds (choose two)

with more than 50% ionic character
less than 50% ionic character
which conduct electricity when melted
do not conduct electricity when melted

31 Which of the following compounds has the most ionic character?

SCl2
CCl4
BCl3
SnCl2

32 As the number of bonds between two atoms increase (single to double to triple) the bond
length
increases
decreases

33 The formation of bonds (choose three)

is exothermic
is endothermic
releases energy
absorbs energy
results in a more stable structure
34 Which of the following are true with regards to the electron configurations of bonding
atoms?
hydrogen forms stable bonds when sharing two electrons (duet rule)
second period nonmetals form stable bonds when having eight valence electrons (shared or
unshared) (octet rule)
third period nonmetals can exceed the octet rule
when there are more electrons than needed to fulfill the octet for the bonding atoms, the
extra electrons should be added to the central atom
all of the above
35 In boron trifluoride (BF3) the boron atom is electron deficient (has fewer electrons than
would be indicated by the octet rule) and is very reactive with substances that are electron
rich (have unshared pairs of electrons).
True
False

36 Resonance (choose two)

 occurs when atoms have a charge on them in covalent bonds
occurs when more than one correct Lewis structure can be drawn for a substance
is evidence for the localized electron model
is evidence for the delocalized electron model

37 In the VSEPR model, electron pairs are arranged to minimize electron repulsion.
True
False

38 In the VSEPR model, unshared electron pairs are given the same amount of room as
shared electron pairs.
True
False

39 In the VSEPR model, double and triple bonds are counted as a single effective bond.
True
False

40 As a general rule, in the VSEPR model, when bond angles are less than ____________
degrees, lone electron pairs will not have enough space and will cause distortions.
180
140
120
100
90