You are on page 1of 14

GHP KNH PCM-N

S khi b ghp knh PCM-N. Nguyn l hot ng. Cu trc khung v a khung PCM-30. Cu trc khung v a khung PCM-24.

S KHI B GHP KNH PCM-N


CH 1 SPEECH INPUT PAM . . . CH HOLD . GATES . . . CH n PCM

COMPRESSOR

LPF

SAMPLE

A/D

M U X

CODER

LINE

CH 1

SIGNALING CONVERTER
SIGNALING INPUT

. . .

CH n

FRAME/ MULTIFRAME ALIGN

Tx CLOCK

NGUYN L HOT NG THEO HNG PHT


Compressor l mt phn ca compander. LPF = Low Pass Filter, BW = 3400Hz. Sample Rate = 8000Hz PAM signal. Cc mu ca N knh thoi c x l trong mt chu k ly mu TS = 125s. CH GATES chn mu ca mt knh a n b ADC, c iu khin bi xung nh thi ca b pht Tx CLOCK. ADC bin 1 mu thnh 1 t m PCM 8bit.

NGUYN L HOT NG THEO HNG PHT (tt)


Cc t m ca cc knh (CH1 CHn) cng vi t m ng b khung (frame alignment word), cc bit dch v (service bits), v cc bit bo hiu (signaling bits) c t hp ti b ghp MUX (MULTIPLXER) to ra cc khung (Frames) v cc a khung (Multiframes). Multiframes to ra truyn thng tin bo hiu cho tt c N knh thoi. ENCODER(CODER) l b m ng truyn: AMI (in North America), HDB-3 (in Europe)

PCM-30 va PCM-24
PCM-30
N = 30; Nn dn s: luat A=87.6/13. Cau truc ghep kenh c s theo chuan Chu u Toc o bit ng ra b ENCODER: 2048Kbit/s Line encoder: HDB-3.

PCM-24
N = 24; Nn dn s: luat =255/15 Cau truc ghep kenh c s theo chuan Bac My va Nhat Ban Toc o bit: 1544Kbit/s Line encoder: AMI.

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30


1 Multiframe. TMF = 16125s = 2ms
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
Frame. TF = 125 S 32 TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 30 CH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
8 BITS PER CHANNEL

FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD 1 (EVEN FRAMES)

FIRST 4 DIGITS OF FRAME 0 MULTIFRAME ALIGNMENT WORD

Y 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD 2 (ODD FRAMES)

0 0 0 0 S A S S
FRAME 1 TO 15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
488 ns

Y 1 A S S S S S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DIGITS 1-4 FOR CHANNELS 1-15 SIGNALING DIGITS 5-8 FOR CHANNELS 16-30 SIGNALING

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt)


Moi a khung (multiframe) co 16 khung (frame) (F0,F1,,F15) dai 2ms Moi khung dai 125m chia lam 32 khe thi gian (time slot) (TS0,TS1,,TS31) Moi khe thi gian dai 3,9s gom mot t ma 8bit Thi gian cua moi bit la 488ns TS1,,TS15,TS17,,TS31 cua cac khung truyen 30 kenh thoai 1,2,,30 tng ng

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt): Frame Alignment


TS0 Nguyn l c bn ca ng b khung l b thu xc nh mt t c nh v sau kim tra v tr ca n nhng khong thi gian khng i. Cng vic ny gip b thu t t chc chui bit vo v phn phi ng cc bit cho cc knh ca n (FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD 1 ). ng b khung cn thc hin truyn thng tin trng thi cnh bo u gn (near-end terminal) v u xa (remoteend terminal). Dung lng d tr (spare capacity) c th s dng cho c quc gia v quc t (FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD 2 )

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt): Frame Alignment (tt)
FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD 1 (EVEN FRAMES): Y0011011 Y S dng cho quc t, khng s dng Y=1. 0011011 T m ng b khung Khi my thu t c trng thi ng b khung th chc nng ca n ch l m bo t ng b khung s xut hin ng v tr ca n. Nu t ng b khung sai 4 ln lin tc th b thu s ri vo trng thi mt ng b khung. V n s phi bt u vic d tm t ng b khung .

C CH NG B KHUNG
FAC

FAE

FAC

F1
FAE FAC

FAC

A2
FAE FAC

F2
FAE

FAC FAE

A1

F3
FAE

FA
FAE

FAC

FAC = Frame Alignment Corect FAE = Frame Alignment Error N = Normal state FA = Alarm state F1, F2, F3 = Prealarm state A1, A2 = Postalarm state

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt): Frame Alignment (tt)
FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD 2 (ODD FRAMES): Y1ASSSSS (cc bit dch v) Y S dng cho quc t, khng s dng Y=1. 1 luon bang 1 e phan biet vi t ma ong bo khung A (Alarm): cnh bo u xa khi mt ng b khung (A=1: Loss of Frame Alignment) SSSSS 5 bit cn li dnh cho quc gia

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt): Multiframe Alignment


T ng b a khung (Multiframe Alignment Word) ch xut hin mi 16 khung. T ng b c cha trong TS16 ca F0: 0000SASS T ng b a khung: 0000 Cnh bo mt ng b a khung: A=1 Bnh thng: A=0 Bit dnh cho quc gia. Khng s dng S=1. Mt ng b a khung khi b thu nhn sai t m ng b a khung sai trong hai a khung lin tip

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt): Signaling Channel


C hai dng bo hiu: CCS (the Common Channel Signalling) v CAS (the Channel Associated Signalling). Thng tin bo hiu c truyn trn TS16 ca F1 F15. CCS: thng ip bo hiu c truyn trn knh 64Kbit/s (TS16) v n bo hiu cho tt c cc knh trn khung . CAS: ITU-T ngh s dng cho khung PCM-30 (G.704)

CAU TRUC KHUNG VA A KHUNG CUA PCM-30 (tt): CAS


FRAME 1 TO 15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a b c d a b c d
DIGITS 1-4 FOR CHANNELS 1-15 SIGNALING DIGITS 5-8 FOR CHANNELS 16-30 SIGNALING

You might also like