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Chng 10 An ton lao ng

Khi thi cng cng trnh ngm vic cn quan tm hng u l bin php an ton lao ng. Cng trnh phi l ni qun l cht ch v s ngi ra vo trong cng trnh. Tt c cc cng nhn u phi c hc ni quy v an ton lao ng trc khi thi cng cng trnh. 10.1 An ton lao ng trong thi cng o t 10.1.1 S c thng gp khi o t Khi o t h mng c rt nhiu s c xy ra, v vy cn phi ch c nhng bin php phng nga, hoc khi xy ra s c cn nhanh chng khc phc m bo yu cu v k thut v kp tin thi cng. ang o t, gp tri ma lm cho t b st l xung y mng. Khi tnh ma nhanh chng ly ht ch t sp xung, lc vt t sp l cn cha li 20cm y h o so vi ct thit k. Khi bc b lp t cha li ny (bng th cng) n u phi tin hnh lm lp lt mng bng b tng gch v ngay n . - C th ng ngay cc lp vn v chng thnh vch sau khi dn xong t sp l xung mng. - Cn c bin php tiu nc b mt khi gp ma nc khng chy t mt xung y h o. Cn lm rnh mp h o thu nc, phi c rnh, con trch quanh h mng trnh nc trn b mt chy xung h o. Khi o gp "m ci nm chm" hoc khi rn nm khng ht y mng th phi ph b thay vo bng lp ct pha dm ri m k li cho nn chu ti u. Trong h mng gp ti bn: Phi vt sch ly ht phn bn ny trong phm vi mng. Phn bn ngoi mng phi c tng chn khng cho lu thng gia 2 phn bn trong v ngoi phm vi mng. Thay vo v tr ca ti bn ly i cn ct, t trn dm, hoc cc loi t c gia c do c quan thit k ch nh.
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Gp mch ngm c ct chy: cn lm ging lc ht nc ngoi phm vi h mng, khi h mng kh, nhanh chng bt dng nc c ct chy bng b tng nc v ct khng n ra c. Khn trng thi cng phn mng khu vc cn thit trnh kh khn. o phi vt ngm nh ng ng cp thot nc, dy cp in cc loi: Cn nhanh chng chuyn v tr cng tc c gii php x l. Khng c ko di s c s nguy him cho vng ln cn v nh hng ti tin thi cng. Nu lm v ng nc phi kho van trc im lm v x l ngay. Lm t dy cp phi bo cho n v qun l, ng thi nhanh chng s tn trc khi ngt in u ngun. ng vi tng trng hp o t m ta c cc bin php phng trnh hp l o t bng my + Trong thi gian my hot ng, cm mi ngi i li trn mi dc t nhin, cng nh trong phm vi hot ng ca my, khu vc ny phi c bin bo. Khi vn hnh my phi kim tra tnh trng my, v tr t my, thit b an ton phanh hm, tn hiu, m thanh, cho my chy th khng ti. + Khng c thay i nghing ca my khi gu xc ang mang ti hay ang quay gn. Cm hm phanh t ngt. + Thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng ca dy cp, khng dng dy cp ni hoc b t. + Trong mi trng hp khong cch gia cabin my v thnh h o phi > 1,5 m. o t bng th cng + Phi trang b dng c cho cng nhn theo ch hin hnh. + Cm ngi i li trong phm vi 2m tnh t mp vn c xung quanh h trnh tnh trng ri xung h. + o t h mng sau mi trn ma phi rc ct vo bc thang ln xung trnh trt ng. + Cm b tr ngi lm vic trn ming h trong khi ang c vic bn di h o trong cng mt khoang m t c th ri, l xung ngi bn di.
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10.1.2 An ton lao ng khi thi cng cc nhi Khi thi cng cc nhi cn phi hun luyn cng nhn, trang b bo h, kim tra an ton cc thit b phc v. Chp hnh nghim chnh ngt quy nh an ton lao ng v s dng, vn hnh my khoan cc, ng c in, cn cu, my hn in cc h ti, cp, rng rc. Cc khi i trng phi c chng xp theo nguyn tc to thnh khi n nh. Khng c khi i trng nghing, ri, trong qu trnh th cc. Phi chp hnh nghim ngt quy ch an ton lao ng trn cao: Phi c dy an ton, thang st ln xung.... 10.1.3 An ton lao ng trong cng tc b tng v ct thp Lp dng, tho d dn gio: - Khng c s dng dn gio: C bin dng, rn nt, mn g hoc thiu cc b phn: mc neo, ging .... - Khi h gia sn cng tc v tng cng trnh >0,05 m khi xy v 0,2 m khi trt. - Cc ct gin gio phi c t trn vt k n nh. - Cm xp ti ln gin gio, ni ngoi nhng v tr qui nh. - Khi dn gio cao hn 6m phi lm t nht 2 sn cng tc: Sn lm vic bn trn, sn bo v bn di. - Khi dn gio cao hn 12 m phi lm cu thang. dc ca cu thang < 60o - L hng sn cng tc ln xung phi c lan can bo v 3 pha. - Thng xuyn kim tra tt c cc b phn kt cu ca dn gio, gi , kp thi pht hin tnh trng h hng ca dn gio c bin php sa cha kp thi. - Khi tho d dn gio phi c ro ngn, bin cm ngi qua li. Cm tho d dn gio bng cch git . - Khng dng lp, tho d hoc lm vic trn dn gio v khi tri ma to, ging bo hoc gi cp 5 tr ln. Cng tc gia cng, lp dng cppha - Coffa dng kt cu b tng phi c ch to v lp dng theo ng yu cu trong thit k thi cng c duyt.
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- Coffa ghp thnh khi ln phi m bo vng chc khi cu lp v khi cu lp phi trnh va chm vo cc b kt cu lp trc. - Khng c trn coffa nhng thit b vt liu khng c trong thit k, k c khng cho nhng ngi khng trc tip tham gia vo vic b tng ng trn coffa. - Cm t v cht xp cc tm coffa cc b phn ca coffa ln chiu ngh cu thang, ln ban cng, cc li i st cnh l hng hoc cc mp ngoi ca cng trnh. Khi cha ging ko chng. - Trc khi b tng cn b k thut thi cng phi kim tra coffa, nn c h hng phi sa cha ngay. Khu vc sa cha phi c ro ngn, bin bo. Cng tc gia cng, lp dng ct thp - Gia cng ct thp phi c tin hnh khu vc ring, xung quanh c ro chn v bin bo. - Ct, un, ko ct thp phi dng nhng thit b chuyn dng, phi c bin php ngn nga thp vng khi ct ct thp c on di hn hoc bng 0,3m. - Bn gia cng ct thp phi c c nh chc chn, nu bn gia cng ct thp c cng nhn lm vic hai gi th gia phi c li thp bo v cao t nht l 1,0 m. Ct thp lm xong phi ng ch quy nh. - Khi nn thng thp trn cun bng my phi che chn bo him trc cun trc khi m my, hm ng c khi a u ni thp vo trc cun. - Khi gia cng ct thp v lm sch r phi trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn cho cng nhn. - Khng dng ko tay khi ct cc thanh thp thnh cc mu ngn hn 30cm. - Trc khi chuyn nhng tm li khung ct thp n v tr lp t phi kim tra cc mi hn, nt buc. Khi ct b nhng phn thp tha trn cao cng nhn phi eo dy an ton, bn di phi c bin bo. Khi hn ct thp ch cn tun theo cht ch qui nh ca quy phm. - Buc ct thp phi dng dng c chuyn dng, cm buc bng tay cho php trong thit k. - Khi dng lp ct thp gn ng dy dn in phi ct in, trng hp khng ct c in phi c bin php ngn nga ct thp v chm vo dy in.
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v m b tng - Trc khi b tngcn b k thut thi cng phi kim tra vic lp t coffa, ct thp, dn gio, sn cng tc, ng vn chuyn. Ch c tin hnh sau khi c vn bn xc nhn. - Li qua li di khu vc ang b tng phi c ro ngn v bin cm. Trng hp bt buc c ngi qua li cn lm nhng tm che pha trn li qua li . - Cm ngi khng c nhim v ng sn rt va b tng.Cng nhn lm nhim v nh hng, iu chnh my, vi bm b tng phi c gng, ng. - Khi dng m rung m b tng cn: + Ni t vi v m rung + Dng dy buc cch in ni t bng phn phi n ng c in ca m + Lm sch m rung, lau kh v qun dy dn khi lm vic + Ngng m rung t 5-7 pht sau mi ln lm vic lin tc t 30-35 pht. + Cng nhn vn hnh my phi c trang b ng cao su cch in v cc phng tin bo v c nhn khc. Bo dng b tng - Khi bo dng b tng phi dng dn gio, khng c ng ln cc ct chng hoc cnh coffa, khng c dng thang ta vo cc b phn kt cu b tng ang bo dng. - Bo dng b tng v ban m hoc nhng b phn kt cu bi che khut phi c n chiu sng. Tho d coppha - Ch c tho d coffa sau khi b tng t cng qui nh theo hng dn ca cn b k thut thi cng. - Khi tho d coffa phi tho theo trnh t hp l phi c bin php phng coffa ri, hoc kt cu cng trnh b sp bt ng. Ni tho coffa phi c ro ngn v bin bo. - Trc khi tho coffa phi thu gn ht cc vt liu tha v cc thit b t trn cc b phn cng trnh sp tho coffa. - Khi tho coffa phi thng xuyn quan st tnh trng cc b phn kt cu, nu c hin tng bin dng phi ngng tho v bo co cho cn b k thut thi cng bit.
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- Sau khi tho coffa phi che chn cc l hng ca cng trnh khng c coffa tho ln sn cng tc hoc nm coffa t trn xung, coffa sau khi tho phi c vo ni qui nh. - Tho d coffa i vi nhng khoang b tng ct thp c khu ln phi thc hin y yu cu nu trong thit k v chng tm thi. 10.1.4 An ton lao ng trong cng tc xy v hon thin Xy tng - Kim tra tnh trng ca gin gio gi phc v cho cng tc xy, kim tra li vic sp xp b tr vt liu v v tr cng nhn ng lm vic trn sn cng tc. - Khi xy n cao cch nn hoc sn nh 1,5 m th phi bc gin gio, gi . - Chuyn vt liu (gch, va) ln sn cng tc cao trn 2m phi dng cc thit b vn chuyn. Bn nng gch phi c thanh chc chn, m bo khng ri khi nng, cm chuyn gch bng cch tung gch ln cao qu 2m. - Khi lm sn cng tc bn trong nh xy th bn ngoi phi t ro ngn hoc bin cm cch chn tng 1,5m nu cao xy < 7,0m hoc cch 2,0m nu cao xy > 7,0m. Phi che chn nhng l tng tng 2 tr ln nu ngi c th lt qua c. - Khng c php : + ng b tng xy + i li trn b tng + ng trn mi ht xy + Ta thang vo tng mi xy ln xung + dng c hoc vt liu ln b tng ang xy - Khi xy nu gp ma gi (cp 6 tr ln) phi che y chng khi xy cn thn khi b xi l hoc sp , ng thi mi ngi phi n ni n np an ton. - Khi xy xong tng bin v ma ma bo phi che chn ngay. Cng tc hon thin

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S dng dn gio, sn cng tc lm cng tc hon thin phi theo s hng dn ca cn b k thut. Khng c php dng thang lm cng tc hon thin trn cao. Cn b thi cng phi m bo vic ngt in hon thin khi chun b trt, sn,... ln trn b mt ca h thng in. Trt - Trt trong, ngoi cng trnh cn s dng gin gio theo quy nh ca quy phm, m bo n nh, vng chc. - Cm dng cht c hi lm va trt mu. - a va ln sn tng trn cao hn 5m phi dng thit b vn chuyn ln cao hp l. - Thng, x cng nh cc thit b cha ng va phi nhng v tr chc chn trnh ri, trt. Khi xong vic phi c ra sch s v thu gn vo 1 ch. Qut vi, sn - Gin gio phc v phi m bo yu cu ca quy phm ch c dng thang ta qut vi, sn trn 1 din tch nh cao cch mt nn nh (sn) <5m - Khi sn trong nh hoc dng cc loi sn c cha cht c hi phi trang b cho cng nhn mt n phng c, trc khi bt u lm vic khong 1h phi m tt c cc ca v cc thit b thng gi ca phng . - Khi sn, cng nhn khng c lm vic qu 2 gi. - Cm ngi vo trong bung qut sn, vi, c pha cht c hi cha kh v cha c thng gi tt.

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