BoysandReading,April2008

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Title:Don'tBlametheBoys:We'reGivingThemGirlyBooks Author(s):St.Jarre,KevinR. Source:EnglishJournal,v97n3p1516Jan2008.2pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:00138274 Descriptors:Males,GenderDifferences,ReadingMaterialSelection,ReadingInterests, SecondarySchoolStudents,SecondaryEducation Abstract:Inthisarticle,theauthorstatesthataseducatorsandpoliticiansacrossthecountry continuetoscratchtheirheadsindismayathowmalesecondarystudentsseemtobelagging behindinreading,itisusefultolookbeyondallofthegenetic,physiological,andeven sociologicaltheoriessooftenprofferedbybreathlessexperts.Anyonewhowondersattheboys' performanceshouldtakeafreshlookatthetitlesthatschoolsareofferingor,moreoften, mandating.EvenasateacherofsecondaryEnglishandsocialstudies,theauthordidnotrealize foryearsthatitmaynotbethatgirlsnaturallylovetoreadmorethanboysdo.Itmaybethe readinglists.

Title:AccountingfortheGenderGapsinStudentPerformanceinReadingandMathematics: Evidencefrom31Countries Author(s):Marks,GaryN. Source:OxfordReviewofEducation,v34n1p89109Feb2008.21pp. ISSN:03054985 Descriptors:ForeignStudents,Females,OutcomesofEducation,ForeignCountries,Public Sector,GenderDifferences,ReadingAchievement,MathematicsAchievement,CrossCultural Studies,CulturalInfluences,OccupationalAspiration,EmployedWomen,SocialInfluences, PublicPolicy,Adolescents,Correlation,SecondaryEducation Abstract:Inmostcountries,girlsperformbetterthanboysinreadingbutworseinmathematics. However,thereismuchvariationbetweencountries.Explanationsforthegendergapsincludethe organisationoftheschoolsystem,students'expectationsandmacrosocietalfactors.Thepurpose ofthispaperistoaccountforgenderdifferencesinbothreadingandmathematicsamong15year oldstudentsusingdatafromtheOECD's2000ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment (PISA)project.Inmostcountries,schoolsystemfactorsareassociatedwiththegendergapin readingbutnotinmathematics.Generally,genderdifferencesinstudents'occupational expectationsdonotaccountforthegendergaps,althoughexpectationscontributetothegender gapsinreadinginNewZealandandtheUnitedStates.Althoughseveralmacrosocietalfactors

theproportionofwomenintheworkforce,societalinequalityandpublicsectorspendingare associatedwiththegendergapinreading,thecorrelationsareonlymoderate,unstableand, importantly,arenotassociatedwiththegendergapsinmathematics.Themuchstronger associationbetweenthegendergapsinreadingandmathematicsacrosscountriesimpliesthatthey arebothinfluencedbypolicy:theextentthatcountrieshavesuccessfullyimplementedpoliciesto promotetheeducationaloutcomesofgirlsandyoungwomen.Insuchcountriesthegendergapin mathematicsissmallornonexistentbutthegendergapinreadingisrelativelylarge.Policiesshift bothgendergapsintandem.(Contains3tables.)

Title:BoysBookedonBarbershops:ACuttingEdgeLiteracyProgram Author(s):Brinson,SabrinaA. Source:YoungChildren,v62n2p4248Mar2007.7pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:15386619 Descriptors:Males,Literacy,LiteracyEducation,ChildrensLiterature,Youth,Reading Strategies,ReadingImprovement,ElementarySecondaryEducation Abstract:Thebarbershopisacommunityinstitution,oneofthemostfamiliarandstable businessesinanyneighborhood.Menandboysfrequentbarbershops,andbarbersgettoknow theircustomersbynameandpersonality.BoysBookedonBarbershops(BBOB)isaninnovative literacyprogramdesignedtomakethemostofanaturallyoccurringopportunity:thewaitfora turninthebarberchair.Participatingbarbershopssetupreadingnookstoencourageboystoread andadultstoreadtothem.BBOBpartnersstocktheirnookswithselectedbookstopiquethe interestofboysages1to18,buttheiremphasisisprimarilyonyoungboys.Thisarticlepresents howBBOBpromotereadingamongchildren.

Title:EarlySchooling:TheHandicapofBeingPoorandMale Author(s):Entwisle,DorisR.Alexander,KarlL.Olson,LindaS. Source:SociologyofEducation,v80n2p114138Apr2007.25pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:00380407 Descriptors:Grade1,EarlyReading,StudentBehavior,ReadingComprehension,Gender Differences,ReadingSkills,LongitudinalStudies,DisadvantagedYouth,Socioeconomic Influences,Correlation,AcademicPersistence,ParentAttitudes,YoungChildren,Elementary Education Abstract:Intryingtounderstandtheoriginofgenderdifferencesfavoringgirlsinreadingskills, analystshaveexaminedmainlytheperformanceofstudentswhoareinthesamegrade,with samplespooledacrosssocioeconomicstatus(SES).UsingalongitudinalsampleinBaltimore, whereallstudentsinarandomlyselectedpanelarethesameageandarefollowedfromthe

beginningofthefirstgrade,theauthorsfoundthattheearlyreadingskillsofboyswhoare receivingmealsubsidiesthosewhoaredisadvantagedarelowerthanthoseofgirls.Among childrenwhoarenotonmealsubsidies,boysdoaboutthesameasgirls.Thisgendergapthat emergesovertheelementaryschoolyearsisexplainedintermsofthehigherretentionrateof disadvantagedboys,whichtracesbacktoteachers'lowratingsofclassroombehaviorandreading skillsforboysonmealsubsidiesandtotheirparents'lowerexpectationsforboys'school performance.Thelongitudinaldesignofthisstudy,theearlypointfromwhichchildrenare followed(age6),andtheattentiongiventoSESdifferencesinhowparentsandteacherstreat boysarekeydifferencesbetweenthisresearchandotherstudiesofgenderdifferencesinreading comprehension.Thediscussionpointsupthecriticalnatureofthefirstgradetransitioninrelation tothegendergapandsomeofitslongtermimplications.

Title:FromStorybookstoGames,Comics,Bands,andChapterBooks:AYoungBoy's AppropriationofLiteracyPractices Author(s):Lenters,Kim Source:CanadianJournalofEducation,v30n1p1131362007.24pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:03802361 Descriptors:MiddleClass,Cartoons,FamilyLiteracy,Males,ParentsasTeachers,Individual Development,StoryReading,StoryTelling,Computers,Games,TechnologicalLiteracy,Creative Writing,ChildrensWriting,ChildrensLiterature,PeerGroups Abstract:Thiscasestudyaddressesamiddleclassfamily'sroleintheirson'sliteracydevelopment throughaninvestigationofthesocioculturalpracticesthatsupporthisliteracyacquisition. Rogoff'ssocioculturalframework,whichproposesthreeplanesofanalysisforobservationof humandevelopment,isusedfortheanalysis.TheliteracypracticesofMax(age8)arethecentral focus.Theanalysisexploreshowcommunity,interpersonal,andpersonalliteracyactivities connecttoformholisticliteracypracticesforhim.Insightsintothenatureofpeerinteractions aroundliteracy,genderconsiderationsinfamilyliteracy,andboys'outofschoolliteracypractices emergefromthisanalysis.(Contains1figure.)

Title:AreGirlsBetterReadersthanBoys?WhichBoys?WhichGirls? Author(s):White,Bozena Source:CanadianJournalofEducation,v30n2p5545812007.28pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:03802361 Descriptors:Females,ReadingAchievement,ForeignCountries,GenderDifferences,Males, BiologicalInfluences,CulturalInfluences,EducationalStrategies,EducationalResearch, EvaluationMethods,EffectSize,MultivariateAnalysis,Criticism,Grade10 Identifiers:Canada(Ontario)

Abstract:UsingdatafromthereadingcomponentoftheOntarioSecondarySchoolLiteracyTest (N=113,050),theeffectsofgenderandcurriculartrackforninesubscoresofreading achievementwereinvestigated.Onlystudentsindicatingthattheydidnotreceiveadditional programmingsupportwereincludedintheanalysis.Genderaccountedforlessthanonepercent ofvarianceinreadingachievement.Genderdifferencesforeachcurriculartrackwereintheclose tozeroandsmallrange.Theresultssuggestthatanyobserveddifferencesmaybeoflittle practicalconsequences,andthatthenotionofunderachievementofboys'readingachievement hasbeengreatlyoverstated.(Contains2tables,3figuresand6notes.)

Title:BoyTalkaroundTexts:ConsideringHowaThirdGradeBoyTransformstheShapeof LiteracyinBookTalkDiscussions Author(s):Bausch,LindaS. Source:JournalofEarlyChildhoodLiteracy,v7n2p1992182007.20pp.(PeerReviewed Journal) ISSN:14687984 Descriptors:Ethnography,Literacy,Males,ReadingAchievement,GenderDifferences,Action Research,Workshops,DiscourseAnalysis,StudentAttitudes,ClassActivities,Student Participation,EducationalDiscrimination,Scaffolding(TeachingTechnique),ReaderText Relationship,GroupDynamics,LiteracyEducation,ElementaryEducation,Grade3 Identifiers:NewYork Abstract:CompellingaspectsIhavenoticedthroughoutmyteachinglifearethemultitudeof understandingsboyshaveconcerningthemselvesasreaders.Inthisinquiry,aspartofalarger yearlongethnographicstudy,Iobservedandanalyzedhowwhatcountsastalkaroundtext accomplishescurriculummandatesandachievesvaluablesocialendsforonethirdgradeboy.This boyisviewedthroughaliteracylensfromwhichhisconversationsandinteractionsillustrate(1) therichnessanddiversityofhisreadinglife,(2)thesocialprocessesintrinsicinlearningto composemeaninginschool,and(3)thewaysinwhichschoolbasedliteraciesmaintain,sustain and/orconstrainhisgrowthasareader.(Contains1note.)

Title:BridgestoLiteracyforBoys Author(s):Brozo,WilliamG. Source:EducationalLeadership,v64n1p7174Sep2006.4pp. Descriptors:Literacy,Males,ReadingAchievement,TeachingMethods,ReadingAttitudes, StudentAttitudes,StudentInterests,StudentExperience,Mentors,MiddleSchools Abstract:Evidencedatingbacktothe1930sandreceivingincreasedattentiontodayshowsthat boystendtolagbehindgirlsinreadingachievement.Theauthorassertsthatwecanhelpboys

becomethoughtful,accomplishedreaders,ifweviewtheirexistingcompetencies,interests,and personalexperiencesasassetsratherthanasimpedimentstoachievement.Hedescribesthree examplesofhoweducatorsbuiltonboys'assets:ateacherwhodevelopedawordstudyunitusing popularrapsongsseveralteacherswhodiscoveredtheirmalestudents'interestsandshapedtheir literacyexperiencesaccordinglyandamentorwhoinspiredoneboytoexpresstheinsightshe hadgainedfromhispersonalexperiences.Eachoftheseexamplesshowshowschoolscanhelp closegenderachievementgapsbyfocusingonboys'livesasresourcesforliteracy. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:GirlsandBoysLiketoReadandWriteDifferentTexts Author(s):MerisuoStorm,Tuula Source:ScandinavianJournalofEducationalResearch,v50n2p111125Apr2006.15pp. ISSN:00313831 Descriptors:StudentAttitudes,ReadingMaterials,ReadingAttitudes,ReadingInterests,Foreign Countries,GenderDifferences,Grade4,ElementarySchoolStudents,SexStereotypes,Writing Attitudes,OralReading,Grade4 Identifiers:Finland Abstract:Thisstudyexploredgirls'andboys'(aged1011)attitudestowardsreadingandwriting. Girlsenjoyedreadingsignificantlymorethanboys.Boyslikedmostlycomicsandhumorous booksadventurebooksweregirls'favourites.Poetrydidnotappealtopupils.Manyboysdidnot enjoytypicalschooltexts.Mostpupils,especiallyboys,didnotliketoreadaloud.Evenmany fluentandmotivatedreadersfeltembarrassedwhendoingit.Pupils'attitudestowardswriting weremorenegativethanthoseregardingreading.Boysweresignificantlymorereluctantwriters thangirls.Tointerestboysthewritingtaskshouldhaveameaningfulpurposeoracommunicative function.Theresultssuggestthatpupils'interestshouldbeakeyfactorintheselectionofreading materialotherwise,manystudentswillavoidreadingandmaydevelopalifelongaversiontoit. (Contains8figures.) Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:FiveReadersBrowsing:TheReadingInterestsofTalentedMiddleSchoolBoys Author(s):CavazosKottke,Sean Source:GiftedChildQuarterly,v50n2p1321472006.16pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:00169862 Descriptors:ReadingInterests,Talent,MiddleSchoolStudents,Males,AcademicallyGifted, ReadingAttitudes,LiteracyEducation,ReadingMaterialSelection,Interviews,TeachingGuides, ReadingMaterials,MiddleSchools Abstract:Researchersconcernedwithcurriculumdifferentiationforgiftedandtalentedstudents

havelongpromotedthebenefitsofprovidingopportunitiesforstudentstoexploretheirpersonal interestswithintheregularcurriculum.Manyliteracyresearchershavealsoconcludedthat teacherscanimprovestudents'(especiallyboys')attitudestowardreadingbyoffering opportunitieswithintheliteracycurriculumforstudentstochoosereadingmaterialsbasedon theirownpersonalinterests.However,therearefewempiricalinvestigationsintotheparticular interestsoftalentedboyreaderstoguideteacherswhowishtoprovidestudentswitharich selectionoftextsfromwhichtochoose.Inthismulticasestudy,5boyswhoaretalentedreaders wereobservedwhiletheybrowsedforreadingmaterialsinalargebookstore.Interviewswith eachboyandanalysisofthetextsthattheyidentifiedaspersonallyinterestingrevealed4major themesthattogethercharacterizethecomplexityoftheseboys'readingpreferences.Puttingthe ResearchtoUse:Thefindingsofthisstudyofferguidancetoteachersinterestedinmorefully engaginggiftedandtalentedmiddleschoolboysinclassroomreadingactivities.Theboysinthis studyweremostinterestedinreadingpopularfiction(especiallyimaginaryfiction,suchasscience fiction/fantasynovels),textsthathaveexplicitconnectionstoothermediaproducts,someliterary classics,andbothworksofnonfictionthatcanbeenjoyedaestheticallyandworksoffictionthat canbeenjoyedefferently.However,theidiosyncraticnatureofeachindividualboy'sreading interestssuggeststhatteachersneedtobeconversantinawiderangeofreadingmaterialsinorder tomoreeffectivelyfacilitateindividualliteracydevelopment.Talentedreaderscanmakeprofound personalconnectionsto(andbetween)textsthatteachersmightbeinclinedtodismissas"light" reading,indicatingamorecomplexorientationtowardreadingmaterialsthanmightbeapparent onthesurface.Theauthorrecommendsprovidingopportunitiesforstudentstoselfselect personallyinterestingreadingmaterialswithinthelanguageartscurriculum,whichechoesa consistentthemewithpriorscholarshiponreadinginterestsandgifted/talentedcurriculumdesign. A"permeablecurriculum"(Dyson,2003)thatactivelyincorporatesstudents'personalinterests and"unofficial"textsintotheclassroomdiscourseisamodelfornurturingintrinsicmotivation thatcanextendbeyondliteracy(Alvermann,1998Hidi,1990Neilsen,1998).Suchaclassroom environmentforliteracyinstructionhonorsthecomplexnatureofstudents'readinginterestsand canprovideanengagingscaffolduponwhichtobuildfutureliteracydevelopment.

Title:Gender,Context,andReading:AComparisonofStudentsin43Countries Author(s):Chiu,MingMingMcBrideChang,Catherine Source:ScientificStudiesofReading,v10n4p3313622006.32pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:10888438 Descriptors:Sex,ReadingComprehension,Adolescents,ReadingTests,ItemResponseTheory, Questionnaires,ReadingAchievement,GenderDifferences,SocioeconomicStatus,Family (SociologicalUnit),ForeignCountries,SecondaryEducation Abstract:In43countries,199,097fifteenyearoldscompletedareadingcomprehensiontestand aquestionnaire.WeanalyzedthedatausingmultilevelregressionsofRaschestimatedtestscores totesttheassociationsofgenderandcontextonreadingachievementamongadolescents.In everycountry,girlsoutscoredboys.Readingenjoymentmediated42%ofthegendereffect.No otherpredictorsignificantlymediatedthegendereffect.Loggrossdomesticproductpercapita accountedformostofthedifferencesacrosscountries.Familysocioeconomicstatus(SES),

schoolmates'familySES,numberofbooksathome,andenjoymentofreadingallpositively correlatedwithindividualreadingachievement.Modelingastudent'slikelihoodofbeingapoor readeryieldedsimilarresults.Thisstudysuggeststhatacomprehensivemodelofreading achievementmustincludevariablesatthecountry,family,school,andstudentlevels. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:BoysandtheirReading:ConceptionsofYoungPeopleAbouttheSuccessofthe"FullOn" Magazine Author(s):Carnell,Eileen Source:CurriculumJournal,v16n3p363389Sep2005.27pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:09585176 Descriptors:Periodicals,ReadingMaterials,Adolescents,SecondarySchoolStudents,Males, Reading,ReadingMotivation,RecreationalReading,StudentAttitudes,GenderIssues,Reading Interests,LiteracyEducation,SecondaryEducation Abstract:Withinthecontextofthenationaldebateaboutboys'achievementinsecondary schools,thisarticleexaminesyoungpeople'sconceptionsofthesuccessofthe"FullOn"magazine designedtoencourageboystoreadmoreandtochallengethenegativeaspectsofa"lad"culture. Thearticlebeginswithananalysisofthemagazine,itseditorialpolicyandinterventionstrategy.It summarizesanationallongitudinalstudy(Hall&Coles,2001)andreviewshow"FullOn" addressestheconcernsraisedbythissurvey.Theresearchmethoddrawsontheconceptof "AppreciativeInquiry",highlightingthemagazine'spotentialtoachieveitsaims.Thefindings, basedoninterviewswithyoungpeopleandtheirteachers,arelargelypositive,identifyinghigh levelsofengagementwith"FullOn",itspotentialtowidenboys'aspirations,itseffectsontheir studyingandpotentialtoinfluencepost16choices.Theyoungpeople'svoicescontributetothe understandingofthesuccessofthemagazineanddebatesaboutreading.Keyissuesemerge:the relationshipbetweenschoolandreadingboys'conceptionsofthemselvesasreadersthe importanceofrecognizingpopularreadingtheneedtoextendconceptionsofliteracyandreading communities.Thestudyrevealsimportantlinksbetweenboys'readingandtheirdifferent perceptionsofmasculinities,andilluminatestheneedforteacherstoadaptschools'literacy practicestoencouragewiderparticipationinreading. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:MaleVulnerabilitytoReadingDisabilityIsNotLikelytoBeaMyth:ACallforNewData Author(s):Liederman,JacquelineKantrowitz,LoreFlannery,Kathleen Source:JournalofLearningDisabilities,v38n2p109129MarApr2005.21pp.(PeerReviewed Journal) ISSN:00222194

Descriptors:GenderBias,Females,Males,GenderDifferences,EffectSize,ReadingDifficulties, ElementarySecondaryEducation Identifiers:Reading,England(Reading) Abstract:Whetherboysaremorevulnerablethangirlstoreadingdisabilities(RD)is controversial.Wereviewstudiesthatweredesignedtominimizeascertainmentbiasinthe selectionofindividualswithRD.Theseincludepopulationbasedstudiesthatidentifiedchildren withRDbyobjective,unbiasedmethodsandstudiesthatexaminedthegenderratiosamongthe affectedrelativesofthosediagnosedwithRD.Weconcludethatevenwhenascertainmentbiases areminimized,thereisstillasignificantpreponderanceofboyswithRD,althoughthegender ratiooftheaffectedrelativesofthosewithRDmanifeststheweakestmalebias.Furthermore,we demonstratethatpotentiallyconfoundingfactorssuchasattentionalorneurologicalproblems, race,IQ,andseverityofRDcannotaccountfortheobservedgenderbias.Weendwithaclarion calltofutureresearchersto(a)consideranalyzinggenderdifferencesbymeansofmorethanone definitionofRD,(b)comparegenderratioswhenboysandgirlsarerankedagainstthe performanceoftheirowngenderasopposedtoanaverageacrossgenders,and(c)reportgroup differencesinvariabilityandeffectsizesofobtainedgenderratios. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:BoysWillBe"Boys":VariabilityinBoys'ExperiencesofLiteracy Author(s):Sokal,LauraKatz,HerbAdkins,MatthewGladu,AndreaJacksonDavis,Khalie Kussin,Brian Source:AlbertaJournalofEducationalResearch,v51n3p216230Fall2005.15pp. ISSN:00024805 Descriptors:Grade2,Males,ReadingAttitudes,StudentAttitudes,ReadingInterests,Literary Genres,Schemata(Cognition),Grade2 Abstract:Sixtyninegrade2boysparticipatedinastudyoftheeffectsofbookgenreandsexof readingmodelonboys'(a)viewofreadingasfeminine,(b)intrinsicmotivationtowardreading, (c)interestinreading,and(d)attitudetoreading.Differentialeffectsoccurredinboysbasedon whethertheylikedordislikedreadingandwhethertheyviewedreadingasafeminineactivity. Findingsareexaminedinthecontextofgenderschematheoryasawayofexplainingwhyboy friendlybooksareimportanttosomeboys'readingdevelopmentandnottothatofothers.

Title:NotJustBoringStories:ReconsideringtheGenderGapforBoys Author(s):Taylor,DonnaLester Source:JournalofAdolescentandAdultLiteracy,v48n4p290298Dec2004.8pp. ISSN:10813004

Descriptors:GenderDifferences,GenderIssues,Males,LiteracyEducation,GenderBias, ReadingInterests,ReadingMotivation,TeachingMethods,ElementarySecondaryEducation Abstract:Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofcurrentresearchregardingliteracyissuesthatboys faceandofferspracticesandstrategiesthatmighthelpbridgetheliteracygapforboys.Thearticle beganasaresultoftheauthor'sson'sstruggleswithliteracy.BysharingGabe'sstory,thisteacher andresearcherexaminestheissuesheandotherboysfaceandrecountshowschoolsarefailingto meettheliteracyneedsofmanyboysintheUnitedStatestoday.Throughasurveyofcurrent research,theauthorarguesthatmuchcanbedonetobridgetheliteracygapforboys.She concludesthatwemustbroadenourdefinitionsofliteracytoincludeboys'outofschoolliteracy experiencesandinterestsandemployinnovativeteachingstrategiesthatbuilduponboys'interests inwaysthataresensitivetotheirindividuallearningpaceandstyleaswellastheirdevelopmental andemotionalneeds.Thenwemaybemorelikelytoinstillinboysalifelongloveofreading. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:TheNonFictionReadingHabitsofYoungSuccessfulBoyReaders:FormingConnections betweenMasculinityandReading Author(s):Smith,Susannah Source:Literacy,v38n1p1016Apr2004.7pp.(PeerReviewedJournal) ISSN:17414350 Descriptors:ReadingHabits,Males,Masculinity,ForeignCountries Abstract:Thereadingexperiencesofsixyoungsuccessfulboyreaderswerestudiedoveratwo yearperiod.Inthisarticle,theirnonfictionreadingisanalysedandwaysinwhichtheboysmake positiveconnectionsbetweenmasculinityandreadingareidentified.Theboys'nonfictionreading centresontypicalboyinterestareasandhobbies(forexample,football,space,dinosaurs)and, throughtheirreading,theyhavebecomeexpertsontheseareas.Thishasearnedthemrespect fromtheirpeers,particularlyotherboys,andahighstatus,hegemonicmasculineidentityinthe classroom.Thus,forthisgroupofboys,unlikemanyotherboys,masculinityandreadingare compatibleinthisparticularversionofmasculinity,readingisadesirablepursuit. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:"IJustlikeBeingGoodatIt":TheImportanceofCompetenceintheLiterateLivesof YoungMen Author(s):Smith,MichaelWilhelm,JeffreyD. Source:JournalofAdolescent&AdultLiteracy,v47n6p454461Mar2004.8pp. ISSN:10813004 Descriptors:UrbanSchools,HighSchools,RuralSchools,Feedback(Response),Males, Competence,MiddleSchools,Interviews,Literacy,StudentJournals,IndividualActivities,

StudentAttitudes,StudentMotivation,DiscourseAnalysis,ReadingAchievement,Teaching Methods,EducationalStrategies,InstructionalImprovement,SelfEfficacy,Elementary SecondaryEducation,HighSchools,MiddleSchools,SecondaryEducation Abstract:Thisstudyexplorestheimportanceofcompetenceinboys'literatelives.Participants were49middleandhighschoolboysfromverydifferentbackgrounds,ethnicities,socialclasses, andlevelsofacademicachievement.Theycamefromanelite,privateallboys'schoolalarge suburbanhighschoolalargeurbanschoolandasmallruralschool.Theschoolswerelocatedin threestatesalongtheeasternseaboardoftheUnitedStates.Thisstudydrawsonthreekindsof interviewdatacollected:aninterviewontheboys'favoriteactivitiesaninterviewontheir responsestoshortprofilesemphasizingdifferentwaysofembracingorrejectingvariouskindsof literacyandanintervieweveryfourtosixweeksaboutliteracylogsinwhichtheboysrecorded allofthereading,writing,listening,andviewingtheydidinandoutofschooloverathreemonth period.Ingeneral,theparticipantsembracedactivitiesinwhichtheywerecompetentorthrough whichtheyfelttheycoulddemonstrateimprovementtowardcompetence.Theyrejectedactivities inwhichtheybelievedtheywouldbeorappeartobeincompetent.Thedatanotonlyestablishthe importanceofcompetence,butalsoindicatesthattheactivitiesfavoredbytheboystendedtobe onesinwhichtheycouldreceiveclearandimmediatefeedbackontheircompetence.Recognizing thecriticalimportanceofcompetenceintheliteratelivesoftheparticipantschallengestheauthors asteachersandteachereducators.Theirdatahavecausedthemtoconsidertheirinstructionina newway. Fulltextavailableindatabase

Title:CommittedandReluctantMaleTeenageReaders:BeyondBedtimeStories Author(s):Love,KristinaHamston,Julie Source:JournalofLiteracyResearch,v36n3p335400Fall2004.66pp. ISSN:1086296X Descriptors:ForeignCountries,Adolescents,Males,RecreationalReading,ReadingInterests, ReadingAttitudes,FamilyInfluence,IndividualCharacteristics,ParentChildRelationship Identifiers:Australia Abstract:Inthisarticlewedescribetheleisurereadingpracticesandattitudestowardsreadingof twocohortsofteenageboysandtheirparentsfromoneeducated,middleclassschoolcommunity inAustralia.Leisurereadingreferstofreechoiceorrecreationalreadingacrossarangeofgenres (e.g.,fiction/nonfiction)andmodes(e.g.,print/electronic).Firstwemakeexplicitthecultural practicesinonecommunitythatcontributedtodifferentialreadingformationsofboyswhoare capablereaders,andsecond,wehighlighttheboys'increasingsenseofagencyandtheirselective appropriationsoftheirfamilies'leisurereadingdispositions.Insodoing,werespondtoconcerns raisedintheresearchliteratureregardingthechallengeseducatorsandparentsfaceinmaintaining teenageboys'engagementinreadingawiderangeoftexts.Drawingonasociocultural perspective,wecomparethepatternsofreportedleisurereadingofteenageboysidentifiedas "ableandcommittedreaders"withboysidentifiedas"ableandreluctantreaders."Usingamodel basedonRogoff's(1995)conceptofguidedparticipation,wecomparetheboys'attitudestowards

variousformsofreadingandtheirparents'reportsoffamilyreadingpracticesdesignedtoguide boysintovaluedformsofleisurereading.Wefoundthatdespitethesimilarwaysinwhichboth cohortsofboyshadbeensupportedas"culturalmembers"(Rogoff,Goncu,&Mosier,1993)in developingvaluedreadingpracticesinthehome,thecommittedreaders"tookfrom"(Heath, 1983)theirfamilies'readingdispositionsinverydifferentwaysthandidthereluctantreaders.A complexportraitofindividualchoicearoundreadingemergesfromourdata.Ouranalyticalmodel ofguidedparticipationprovidesavaluableframeworkforeducatorstoexaminethesocial formationofothersortsofreadersacrossarangeofculturalcontexts.

Title:BoysandLiteracy:WhyBoys?WhichBoys?WhyNow? Author(s):Freedmon,Beverley Source:14pp. PublicationDate:2003 Descriptors:ElementaryEducation,FocusGroups,GenderIssues,Literacy,Males,Qualitative Research,ReadingInterests,ReadingMaterialSelection,SexDifferences,StudentAttitudes Abstract:Manyschoolsystemsarefacingmandated,systemicchange,throughtheimpositionof standardsbasedreform.Ontario(Canada)isnodifferentthanmanyotherjurisdictions.Mandated, systemicchangehasimpactedteachingandlearninginOntarioclassrooms.Theissueofboys' underachievementinliteracyappearstoresurfacewheneverstudentachievementresultsemerge asapublicissue.Genderedapproachestoeducationalresults,giventhediscourse,arenotnew buttimely.Thispaperexplores,throughtheuseoffocusgroups,someoftheattitudesandbeliefs thatboysholdtowardreadingandwritingastheyimpactthehighstakestests.TheDurham DistrictSchoolBoardhasapproximately70,000studentsin125schools.Althoughthedistrict performsinthetop15%ofdistrictsintheprovincialassessments,genderedresultscontinueto exist.Astudyexaminedsomeoftheattitudesofboysregardingissuesinvolvingreadingand writinginclassroomsandontheprovincialtests.Aseriesofsemistructuredfocusgroupswere conductedwithboysingrades4and6inthreeschoolsinwhichboysperformedwellinliteracy andthreeschoolswhereboysunderperformedcomparedtotheirfemalepeers.Focusgroupswere limitedtofivevolunteerstudentsineachofthesixschoolsforatotalof30boysparticipatingin thegroups.Allstudents,especiallyyoungmales,wantedmorechoiceinwhattheyreadinschool boyswantedmoresciencefictionandhighactionbooks.Soteacherlibrariansbegantogather highinterestreadingresourcesforboysincludinginformationaltext,magazines,sciencefiction, andactionfiction.(Contains44references.)(NKA) Notes:PaperpresentedattheAnnualMeetingoftheAmericanEducationalResearchAssociation (84th,Chicago,IL,April2125,2003). Fulltextavailableat
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ERIC_NO:ED472218 TITLE:EvaluationofNationalLiteracyProject:SummaryReport. PUBLICATION_DATE:1997

ABSTRACT:TheNationalLiteracyProjectwasimplementedinitsfirstcohortofschoolsfrom autumn1996tosummer1998.ParticipatingschoolsintroducedaLiteracyHour,basedon specificlearningobjectives,asthemainmeansofliteracyteaching.Theprojectwasevaluatedby theNationalFoundationforEducationalResearch,bymeansof:testsofreadingasurveyof children'sattitudestoreadingandquestionnairescompletedbyparticipatingheadteachers. Projectconsultantssuppliedadditionalinformationonthecharacteristicsofteaching,learning, andmanagementwithinprojectschools.Thetestresultsrevealedasignificantandsubstantial improvementinchildren'sscoresinthecourseoftheproject.Girlshadhigheraveragescoresthan boysandmademoreprogressinthecourseoftheproject.Childreneligibleforfreeschoolmeals, thosewithspecialeducationalneeds,andthoseleaningEnglishasanadditionallanguagehad loweraveragescores,althoughallthesegroupsnonethelessmadesignificantprogress.Theroleof theheadteacherinsuccessfulprojectschoolswascrucial,inprovidingcommitted,engaged,and informedleadership.Effectiveteachingwithintheliteracyhourwascharacterizedbyconsistency, clearstructure,highqualityinteraction,goodpace,andthoroughplanning.Includes4references andanappendixwhichdetailsdatasources.(PM) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:CurriculumDevelopmentLiteracyProgramEvaluationStudent ImprovementTeacherEffectiveness MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationEnglish(SecondLanguage)Foreign CountriesGenderIssuesLeadershipEffectivenessReadingTestsStudentAttitudes IDENTIFIERS:*NationalLiteracyStrategy(England) PUBLICATION_TYPE:142 PAGE:21 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS511701 AVAILABILITY:DepartmentforEducationandSkills(DfES),PROLOG,P.O.Box5050, SherwoodPark,Annesley,NottsNG150DJ.Tel:08456022260Fax:08456033360email: dfes@prolog.uk.com.Forfulltext: http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/literacy/publications/?pub_id=116&art_id=540. EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01/PC01PlusPostage. INSTITUTION_NAME:BBB37032_DepartmentforEducationandSkills,London(England). LEVEL:1 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:UnitedKingdomEngland

ERIC_NO:EJ668270 TITLE:OvercomingtheObstacleCourse:TeenageBoysandReadingBoyBooks,GirlBooks: ShouldWeReOrganizeOurSchoolLibraryCollections?GuysandReadingWheretheBoys Are...From"Boys'Life"to"Thrasher":BoysandMagazinesConnectingwithBoysatLunch:A SuccessStoryMotivatingBoysasBeginningReaders. AUTHOR:Jones,PatrickFiorelli,DawnCartwrightDoiron,RayScieszka,JonHaupt,Allison Cox,RuthE.Martin,RobieDahlhauser,Julie PUBLICATION_DATE:2003 JOURNAL_CITATION:TeacherLibrarianv30n3p931Feb2003 ABSTRACT:Includessevenarticlesthatdiscussovercomingobstaclestogettingteenageboysto

read.Highlightsincludewhatteacherlibrarianscandowhatboysseeasobstaclesmaterial selectioncollectionorganizationgenderissueslearningdifferencesmagazineslunchtimebook discussiongroupsmotivatingboysasbeginningreadersandpopularbooktitlesforboys.(LRW) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:AdolescentLiteratureAdolescentsMalesReadingMotivation SchoolLibraries MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:GenderIssuesLearningProcessesLibraryCollectionsLibrary MaterialSelectionPeriodicalsSecondaryEducation IDENTIFIERS:BookClubsTeacherLibrarians PUBLICATION_TYPE:080141 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:IR547561 ISSN:ISSN14811782

ERIC_NO:ED407653 TITLE:GenderDifferencesinReadingAttitudes. AUTHOR:McKenna,Eileen PUBLICATION_DATE:1997 ABSTRACT:Astudyexaminedgenderdifferencesinreadingattitudesamongschoolage children.ThehypothesiswasthatschoolagechildreningradesK8regardreadingasa predominatelyfeminineactivity.Subjectswere269students,gradesK8,fromalowincome, urbanschoolsetting.StudentscompletedReadingAttitudeSurveys,modifiedfromtheDowning ObjectActivityOpinionSurvey.ThefirstsurveywasgiventogradesK3,andthesecondwas presentedtostudentsingrades48.Resultsindicatedthattheoverallmajorityofstudentssee readingasanactivitymoresuitableforgirls,supportingthestudy'shypothesis.Findingssuggest thattheseperceptionsintensifywithageforbothboysandgirls.Findingsalsorevealedthatthe mostdramaticincreaseinthisperceptionseemstotakeplacearoundgrade5.(Contains3tables ofdataand25referencesrelatedliteratureand2samplesurveyformsareappended.) (Author/CR) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAttitudesSexDifferencesSexRoleSexStereotypes StudentAttitudes MINORDESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationReadingMotivationReadingResearch RecreationalReadingSexBiasStudentSurveys IDENTIFIERS:*GenderIssues PUBLICATION_TYPE:042 PAGE:301 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS012808 EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01/PC02PlusPostage. LEVEL:1 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:U.S.NewJersey NOTE:30p.M.A.Project,KeanCollegeofNewJersey.

ERIC_NO:ED379630

TITLE:SexistAttitudestowardsReadingandWritingintheYoungAdultandAdultLearner Population. AUTHOR:Winchock,J.M. PUBLICATION_DATE:1995 ABSTRACT:Astudyexaminedthemasculinity/femininityattitudeofstudentstowardreading andwriting.Subjects,91youngadultsandadultsinhighschool,adulthighschool,and communitycollegeremedialclassesinthefallandspringofthe19941995schoolyear,completed theMazurkiewiczMasculineFeminineAttitudeSurvey.Resultsindicatednosignificantdifference betweenattitudesofthegendersubsamples,butasignificantandpronouncedclassificationby bothgendersofreadingandwritingasmostlyfeminineactivities.(Contains35referencesand5 tablesofdata.)(Author/RS) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAttitudesSexDifferencesSexRoleWritingAttitudes MINORDESCRIPTORS:AdultsAttitudeMeasuresCommunityCollegesHighSchools ReadingResearchStudentAttitudesStudentSurveysWritingResearch PUBLICATION_TYPE:143040 PAGE:371 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS012029 EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01/PC02PlusPostage. LEVEL:1 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:U.S.NewJersey NOTE:37p.M.A.Project,KeanCollegeofNewJersey.

ERIC_NO:EJ625798 TITLE:SimultaneousMeasurementofReadingGrowth,Gender,andRelativeAgeEffects: ManyFacetedRaschAppliedtoCBMReadingScores. AUTHOR:MacMillan,Peter PUBLICATION_DATE:2000 JOURNAL_CITATION:JournalofAppliedMeasurementv1n4p3934082000 ABSTRACT:Assessedreadinggrowth,gendereffects,relativeageeffects,andreadingprobe difficultyforreadingusingonelinearscale,theCurriculumBasedMeasurementwordsread correctlyscale,for1,619studentsingrades2through7.Foundreadinggrowthatallages,with decreasinggrowthwithincreasinggradelevelandconsistent,althoughslight,genderdifferences favoringgirls.(SLD) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:AgeDifferencesReadingAchievementSexDifferences MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:AchievementGainsItemResponseTheoryReadingTests IDENTIFIERS:*RaschModel PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:TM523360 ISSN:ISSN15297713

ERIC_NO:EJ624561

TITLE:GenderDifferencesinReadingPerformanceonDocumentsacrossCountries. AUTHOR:Rosen,Monica PUBLICATION_DATE:2001 JOURNAL_CITATION:ReadingandWriting:AnInterdisciplinaryJournalv14n12p138Mar 2001 ABSTRACT:Noteshowfemalesareknowntoexcelovermalesinmostreadingtasks,butnot consistentlysointasksthatrequireprocessinginformationfrommaps,tables,chartsand diagrams,socalled"Documents."DescribesandanalyzesgenderdifferencesonDocumenttasks, andinvestigatesifandhowthepatternofdifferencesvariesovercountries.(SG) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:CulturalDifferencesReadingSkillsSexDifferences MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:ChartsComparativeAnalysisDiagramsElementarySecondary EducationForeignCountriesMapsTables(Data) PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS760682 ISSN:ISSN09224777

ERIC_NO:EJ596949 TITLE:DimensionsofChildren'sMotivationforReadingandTheirRelationstoReadingActivity andReadingAchievement. AUTHOR:Baker,LindaWigfield,Allan PUBLICATION_DATE:1999 JOURNAL_CITATION:ReadingResearchQuarterlyv34n4p45277OctDec1999 ABSTRACT:Examineshowdimensionsofreadingmotivationrelatedtostudents'reading activityandachievement.Findsthatthestrengthoftherelationsbetweenreadingmotivationand readingachievementwasgreaterforgirlsandforwhitestudents.Demonstratesthatreading motivationismultidimensionalandshouldberegardedassuchinresearchandinpractice.(SC) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:CulturalDifferencesReadingAchievementReadingMotivationSex Differences MINORDESCRIPTORS:Grade5Grade6IntermediateGradesReadingResearch PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS758287 ISSN:ISSN00340553

ERIC_NO:EJ441046 TITLE:YouthandReading:ASurveyofLeisureReadingPursuitsofFemaleandMale Adolescents. AUTHOR:Moffitt,MaryAnneS.Wartella,Ellen PUBLICATION_DATE:1992 JOURNAL_CITATION:ReadingResearchandInstructionv31n2p117Win1992 ABSTRACT:Exploresadolescentuseofthemediaforleisureand,inparticular,adolescent leisurereadingofbooks.Surveysadolescentstomeasurethepopularityofleisurereading

comparedtootherleisureoptions,withaviewtowardcontrastingfemaleandmaleleisurereading pursuits.Findsthatreadingispopularwithadolescentsandthatfemalesfavoritmorethanmales. (PRA) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:AdolescentsIndependentReadingReadingHabitsReading InterestsRecreationalReadingSexDifferences MINORDESCRIPTORS:MassMediaUseReadingResearchSecondaryEducationSurveys PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS743368 REPORT_NO:ISSN08860246

ERIC_NO:EJ530171 TITLE:LongTermStabilityofChildren'sAttitudestowardReading. AUTHOR:Kush,JosephC.Watkins,MarleyW. PUBLICATION_DATE:1996 JOURNAL_CITATION:JournalofEducationalResearchv89n5p31519MayJun1996 ABSTRACT:Reportsastudythatexaminedthelongtermstabilityoftheconstructofchildren's attitudestowardreading.ElementarystudentscompletedtheElementaryReadingAttitudeSurvey twiceoverthreeyears.Resultsindicatedthatchildren'sattitudesaboutreadingexhibiteda consistentdeclinegirlsexpressedmorepositiveattitudestowardrecreationalreadingandgreater stabilitythanboys.(SM) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAttitudesSexDifferencesStudentAttitudes MINORDESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationElementarySchoolStudentsLongitudinal StudiesRecreationalReading PUBLICATION_TYPE:143080 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:SP525405 REPORT_NO:ISSN00220671

ERIC_NO:EJ511643 TITLE:Children'sAttitudestowardReading:ANationalSurvey. AUTHOR:McKenna,MichaelC.AndOthers PUBLICATION_DATE:1995 JOURNAL_CITATION:ReadingResearchQuarterlyv30n4p93456OctDec1995 ABSTRACT:Surveyfinds:(1)recreationalandacademicreadingattitudesbecamegradually morenegativeovertheelementaryschoolyearsandweresteepestforleastablereaders(2)girls possessedmorefavorableattitudesthanboys(3)ethnicityplayedlittleroleand(4)extentof teacher'srelianceonbasalreaderswasnotafactor.Suggeststhatsocialfactorsandexpectations shapeattitudesovertime.(RS) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAttitudesSexDifferencesSocialInfluences MINORDESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationNationalSurveysReadingAchievement ReadingResearchTeacherBehavior IDENTIFIERS:ReadingBehavior

PUBLICATION_TYPE:143080 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS750699 REPORT_NO:ISSN00340553

ERIC_NO:EJ630661 TITLE:GenderandGradeDifferencesinReadingAchievementandinSelfConceptasReaders. AUTHOR:Cloer,Thomas,Jr.Dalton,ShanaRoss PUBLICATION_DATE:2001 JOURNAL_CITATION:JournalofReadingEducationv26n2p3136Win2001 ABSTRACT:Considershoweducatorsneedtoknowmoreaboutselfesteeminmalesand femalesofdifferentgradeswithdifferentreadingachievementlevels.Attemptstodeterminethe differenceoffourthandsixthgraders'selfesteem.Suggeststhateducatorsmustdomoretoinstill agenuinecuriosityandloveforreadingtohaveboysinournation'sschoolswithstrongself conceptsrelatedtoreading.(SG) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:AgeDifferencesReadingAchievementReadingAttitudesSelf EsteemSexDifferencesStudentAttitudes MINORDESCRIPTORS:Grade4Grade6IntermediateGradesReadingResearch IDENTIFIERS:SelfPerceptionInventory PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS761167 AVAILABILITY:OrganizationofTeacherEducatorsinReading,DewayneSmith,Managing Editor,2211N.E.Halsey,No.11,Portland,OR97232.

ERIC_NO:EJ634489 TITLE:RaisingBoys'AttainmentinReading:SomePrinciplesforIntervention. AUTHOR:Moss,G. PUBLICATION_DATE:2000 JOURNAL_CITATION:Readingv34n3p10106Nov2000 ABSTRACT:Usesresearchdatatosuggestanewbasisforunderstandinggenderdifferencesin girls'andboys'achievementsinreading.Arguesthatraisinglevelsofattainmentacrosstheboard dependsonbuildinganactivereadingcultureintheclassroom.SuggeststheLiteracyHourand theemphasisonworkencompassingword,sentenceandtextlevelsforallpupilsprovidesnew opportunities.(RS) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAchievementReadingImprovementReadingInstruction SexDifferences MINORDESCRIPTORS:ClassroomEnvironmentElementaryEducationForeignCountries Males IDENTIFIERS:England PUBLICATION_TYPE:052080 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS761485 ISSN:ISSN00340472

ERIC_NO:ED473478 TITLE:RaisingAttainment:Boys,ReadingandtheNationalLiteracyHour:InterimFindings fromtheFactandFictionResearchProject. AUTHOR:Moss,Gemma PUBLICATION_DATE:1999 ABSTRACT:TheFactandFictionResearchProject,fundedbytheESRC(EconomicandSocial ResearchCouncil)andbasedattheSchoolofEducation,UniversityofSouthampton(England), completeda2yearstudyintogenderandreadinginthe79agegroup.Theproject,designedto addressboys'underachievementinEnglishbyreviewingtheirdevelopmentasreadersathomeand inschool,trackedabout120childreninthe79agegroupinfourdifferentschools.Theschools chosenwereinLondonandinHampshiretoprovidebroadcontrastsinsocialcatchment.Findings suggestthatfactorswhichimpactonunderachievementvarybetweenboysandgirls,and accordingtotheirgeneralstandingasreaders.Akeyissueforinterventionatthebottom(the "can'tyetread/don'tyetread"nonreaders)isbuildingbasiccompetenceakeyissuefor interventionatthetop(the"cando/don't"readers)isthatinterveningtohelpthisgroupshould substantiallyimpactonlevelsofreadingachievementacrosstheclass.Theresearchwas completedbeforetheadventoftheNationalLiteracyStrategy,andtheintroductionofthe NationalLiteracyHourpresentsanewcontextfortacklingsomeoftheissuesraised.(NKA) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:LiteracyReadingAchievementReadingImprovementSex Differences MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationForeignCountriesReadingResearch IDENTIFIERS:NationalLiteracyStrategy(England)UniversityofSouthampton(England) PUBLICATION_TYPE:143150 PAGE:9 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS511764 AVAILABILITY:Forfulltext:http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/000001083.htm. EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01PlusPostage.PCNotAvailablefromEDRS. LEVEL:2 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:U.S. NOTE:PaperpresentedattheAnnualMeetingoftheBritishEducationalResearchAssociation (Brighton,England,UnitedKingdom,September25,1999).

ERIC_NO:EJ624652 TITLE:NationalSurveyofReadingComprehensioninFinland. AUTHOR:Lehto,JuhaniE.Scheinin,PatrikKupiainen,SirkkuHautamaki,Jarkko PUBLICATION_DATE:2001 JOURNAL_CITATION:JournalofResearchinReadingv24n1p99110Feb2001 ABSTRACT:Examinesthecognitivelyhighleveltextprocessing,ormacroprocessing,of expositorypassages.Investigatesreadingcomprehensionduringthesixthandninthschoolyears. Findsthatgirlsoutperformedboysregardlessofthecomprehensionmeasureandalsofindsthat

performanceonbothmeasures,butparticularlyonhierarchyrating,correlatedwithschool achievement.Discussestheeducationalimplicationsofthesurvey.(SG) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAchievementReadingComprehensionSexDifferences MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:AcademicAchievementGrade6Grade9IntermediateGrades NationalSurveysSecondaryEducation IDENTIFIERS:*Finland PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS760773 ISSN:ISSN01410423

ERIC_NO:ED452495 TITLE:RaisingtheStandardofBoys'AchievementinLiteracy.SCRESpotlights81. AUTHOR:Simmons,Julie PUBLICATION_DATE:2001 ABSTRACT:Increasingconcernshavebeenexpressedaboutthedifferencesbetweenthe achievementsofboysandgirls,especiallyintermsofliteracy.Thisaccountofanactionresearch projectbyateacherlibrarianexploresthereadinghabitsofasampleofboysandgirlsinS1and S2inaScottishsecondaryschool,anddescribeshowthefindingsledtotheestablishmentofan outofschoolsupportscheme,fundedbytheNewOpportunitiesFund,thatencouragedboysto readmore.Bothboys(n=39S1boys)andgirls(n=39S1girls)wereaskedtocomplete questionnairesabouttheirhabitsandreading.Theresultswereencouragingandaresummarized. ResultsofquestionnairesadministeredtoS2boysweresimilar.(NKA) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:LiteracyReadingAchievementReadingHabitsSexDifferences MINORDESCRIPTORS:ActionResearchAttitudeMeasuresForeignCountries QuestionnairesSecondaryEducationStudentSurveys IDENTIFIERS:*ScotlandScottishCouncilforResearchinEducation PUBLICATION_TYPE:143 PAGE:6 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS014355 AVAILABILITY:ScottishCouncilforResearchinEducation,15StJohnStreet,Edinburgh, EH88JR,Scotland.Tel:01315572944Website:http://www.scre.ac.uk. EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01PlusPostage.PCNotAvailablefromEDRS. INSTITUTION_NAME:BBB29325_ScottishCouncilforResearchinEducation,Edinburgh. LEVEL:2 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:UnitedKingdomScotland NOTE:ThisresearchprojectwassupportedbyaSEED/SCREPractitionerResearchSmallgrant.

ERIC_NO:ED367376 TITLE:AStudyoftheRelationshipbetweenGenderandReadingPreferencesinAdolescents. AUTHOR:Schultheis,Constance

PUBLICATION_DATE:1990 ABSTRACT:Thisstudywasintendedtonegateorconfirmthefindingsofpriorstudies conductedontherelationshipbetweengenderandreadingpreferencesinhighschoolstudentsand toascertainwhetheranychangeshaveoccurredthatwouldreflectchangingattitudestoward genderroles.Dataweregatheredbyusingasurveywhichwasdistributedtoapproximately240 11thgradestudentsatasuburbanCleveland(Ohio)publichighschool.Thecurrentstudy supportsresultsofearlierstudiesthathaveshownthatfemalesspendmoretimereadingthan malesthatcertaintypesofbooksaretypicallymoreorlessappealingtomembersofonesexor theotherandthatmalespreferreadingbookswithmaleprotagonists.Theresearchindicatesthat femalesalsoprefermaleprotagonistsandidentifiedwiththemmoreoftenthanwithfemale characters.Incontrasttopreviousstudies,thisresearchshowsthatmalesidentifiedwith charactersmorefrequentlythanfemales.Includedintheappendicesarethequestionnaireusedin thestudythecategoriesofbooksthattherespondentsliketoreadthethreetoprankedchoices ofcategoriesnewspapersectionsinorderofthosemostreadandchoicesofmagazinesbytype. (Contains21references.)(JLB) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:AdolescentLiteratureAdolescentsReadingInterestsReading MaterialSelectionRecreationalReadingSexDifferences MINORDESCRIPTORS:Grade11HighSchoolsPeriodicalsQuestionnairesReadingHabits SexRole IDENTIFIERS:ClevelandPublicSchoolsOH*ReadingBehaviorStudentSurveys PUBLICATION_TYPE:042160 PAGE:381 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:IR054924 EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01/PC02PlusPostage. LEVEL:1 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:U.S.Ohio NOTE:38p.M.L.S.ResearchPaper,KentStateUniversity.

ERIC_NO:ED356447 TITLE:TheRelationshipofGendertoAttitudesaboutAcademicandRecreationalReading. AUTHOR:Cloer,Thomas,Jr.Pearman,Beverly PUBLICATION_DATE:1992 ABSTRACT:Astudyinvestigateddifferencesbetweenmales'andfemales'attitudetoward recreationalandacademicreading.Thestudyalsoanalyzedsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetween teachers'attitudesandtheattitudesofmaleandfemalepupils,aswellastherelationshipbetween teachers'andstudents'attitudes.Subjects(280pupilsand18teachersingrades13,and315 pupilsand16teachersingrades46)completedMcKennaandKear'sElementaryReading AttitudeSurvey.Findingsshowedthat:(1)teachershadahighermeanscorethanboysorgirlsin grades13onrecreationalreadingattitude,butnotonacademicreadingattitude(2)boys'scores onbothrecreationalandacademicreadingattitudesingrades46droppedsignificantly,asdid girls'scoresonacademicreadingattitude(3)therewerenosignificantdifferencesinrecreational oracademicreadingattitudesofboysversusgirlsingrades13and(4)thereweresignificant

differencesbetweenrecreationalreadingattitudesofboysandgirlsingrades46,allofwhomhad pooreracademicreadingattitudesthaningrades13.(Fivetablesofdataareincluded.)(SR) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ReadingAttitudesRecreationalReadingSexDifferencesTeacher Attitudes MINORDESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationElementarySchoolStudentsElementary SchoolTeachersReadingResearchTeacherStudentRelationship PUBLICATION_TYPE:150143 PAGE:201 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS011256 EDRS_PRICE:EDRSPriceMF01/PC01PlusPostage. LEVEL:1 LANGUAGE:English GEOGRAPHIC_SOURCE:U.S.SouthCarolina NOTE:20p.PaperpresentedattheAnnualMeetingoftheAmericanReadingForum(Sanibel Island,FL,December912,1992).

ERIC_NO:EJ584794 TITLE:ADevelopmentalStudyoftheRelationshipbetweenReadingDevelopmentandtheSelf System. AUTHOR:Bouffard,Therese PUBLICATION_DATE:1998 JOURNAL_CITATION:EuropeanJournalofPsychologyofEducationv13n1p6174Mar 1998 ABSTRACT:Examines(1)theconcurrentdevelopmentofdifferentcomponentsoftheself system(2)howthedevelopmentofthissystemrelatestocognitiveandmetacognitive developmentinreadingand(3)whethertherearegenderdifferencesbothinthedevelopmentof theselfsystemaswellasitsrelationtothedevelopmentofreading.(DSK) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:CognitivePsychologyIndividualDevelopmentMetacognition ReadingSelfConceptSexDifferences MINORDESCRIPTORS: PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:SO531129 ISSN:ISSN02562928 LANGUAGE:English NOTE:ThemeIssue:TheDevelopmentofMetacognition:TheoreticalIssuesandEducational Implications.

ERIC_NO:EJ642830 TITLE:Parents'SelfEfficacyBeliefs,Parents'Gender,Children'sReaderSelfPerceptions, ReadingAchievementandGender. AUTHOR:Lynch,Jacqueline

PUBLICATION_DATE:2002 JOURNAL_CITATION:JournalofResearchinReadingv25n1p5467Feb2002 ABSTRACT:Findsthatchildren'sselfperceptionasreaderssignificantlyrelatedtotheirreading achievementandmothershadstrongerbeliefsthandidfathersintheirabilitytohelpimprove boys'readingachievement.Concludesthatsignificantdifferencesfavoringfemaleswerefoundin children'sreaderselfperceptionsandtheirreadingachievement.(SG) MAJOR_DESCRIPTORS:ParentAttitudesReadingAchievementReadingInstructionSelf EfficacySelfEvaluation(Individuals)SexDifferences MINOR_DESCRIPTORS:ElementaryEducationReadingResearch PUBLICATION_TYPE:080143 CLEARINGHOUSE_NO:CS762212 ISSN:ISSN01410423