SRI SHARADA INSTITUTE OF INDIAN MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT

PROJECT ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PGDM (2011-13)

Submitted To: Mrs. Sartaj Khera

Submitted By: Pralay Kumar Das Rohan Ganguly

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

By doing this project, We feel greatly honored to be a management student of SRI SIIM. We have got a great theoretical & practical experience of the corporate world.

We have got lots of encouragement and co-operation from our fellow friends, respected teachers, our parents, good wishers.

We would like to thank Rev. Swamiji, CMD of SRI SIIM& we would like to thank Prof. Sartaj Khera for their good co-operation.

Finally, we would like to thank all my friends, parents, faculties, all group members, who shared their views with each others & helped to be easy with the project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Subject Introduction Causes of disaster National Disaster Management Authority Earthquake Cyclone Flood Case Study: Sikkim Earthquake Conclusion References Bibliography Page No. 04 05-11 12-15 16-21 22-24 24-26 27-28 29 30 31

INTRODUCTION:
India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes andlandslides have been a recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone tofloods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area issusceptible to drought. In the decade 1990-2000, an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disastersevery year. The loss in terms of private, community and public assets has beenastronomical. At the global level, there has been considerable concern over naturaldisasters. Even as substantial scientific and material progress is made, the loss of lives and property due to disasters has not decreased. In fact, the human toll andeconomic losses have mounted. It was in this background that the United Nations General Assembly, in 1989, declared the decade 1990-2000 as theInternational Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction with the objective to reduceloss of lives and property and restrict socio-economic damage through concertedinternational action, specially in developing countries. The super cyclone in Orissa in October, 1999 and the Bhuj earthquake inGujarat in January, 2001 underscored the need to adopt a multi dimensionalendeavour involving diverse scientific, engineering, financial and social processes; the need to adopt multi disciplinary and multi sectoral approach andincorporation of risk reduction in the developmental plans and strategies.

CAUSES OF DISASTER:
Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate-related) disasters

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HISTORY
Emergence of an organization is always through an evolutionary process. Establishment of NDMA has also gone through same stage. Towards this aim, the Government of India (GOI), in recognition of the importance of Disaster Management as a national priority, has set up a High-Powered Committee (HPC) in August 1999 and also a nation committee after the Gujarat earthquake, for making recommendations on the preparation of Disaster Management plans and suggestion effective mitigation mechanisms. The Tenth Five-Year Plan Document also had, for the first time, a detailed chapter on Disaster Management. Similarly, the Twelfth Finance Commission was also mandated to review the financial arrangements for Disaster Management. On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, which envisaged the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister, and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by respective Chief Ministers, to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster Management in India. Roles and Responsibilities NDMA as the apex body is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters. Towards this, it has the following responsibilities:-

Lay down policies on disaster management ; Approve the National Plan; Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India in accordance with the National Plan; Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities in drawing up the State Plan; Lay down guidelines to be followed by the different Ministries or Departments of the Government of India for the Purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development plans and projects; Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the policy and plan for disaster management; Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of mitigation;

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Provide such support to other countries affected by major disasters as may be determined by the Central Government; Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster, or the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with the threatening disaster situation or disaster as it may consider necessary; Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute of Disaster Management.

Organisation National Disaster Management Authority has been constituted with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman, a Vice Chairman with the status of Cabinet Minister, and eight members with the status of Ministers of State. Each of the members has a well defined functional domain covering various states as also disaster specific areas of focus and concern To carry out the mandated functions, NDMA has evolved a lean and professional organization which is IT-enabled and knowledge based. Skills and expertise of the specialists are extensively used to address all the disaster related issues. . A functional and operational infrastructure has been built which is appropriate for disaster management involving uncertainties coupled with desired plans of action. The concept of the organization is based on a disaster divisions-cum-secretariat system. Each member of the Authority heads disaster-specific divisions for specific disaster and functional domains. Each member has also been given the responsibility of specified states and UTs for close interaction and coordination. The NDMA Secretariat, headed by a Secretary is responsible to provide secretarial support and continuity. It is proposed to have two Disaster Management Wings under the Secretariat. They are :-

DM I wing dealing with mitigation, preparedness, plans, reconstruction, community awareness and dealing with financial/administrative aspects.

DM II wing is proposed to be composed of the National Disaster Management Operations Centre with the state-of-the-art multi-redundant communication systems, to carry out the tasks of capacity development, training and knowledge management.

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EARTHQUAKE:
What to Do Before an Earthquake Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently and without warning. Identifying potential hazards ahead of time and advance planning can reduce the dangers of serious injury or loss of life from an earthquake. Repairing deep plaster cracks in ceilings and foundations, anchoring overhead lighting fixtures to the ceiling, and following local seismic building standards, will help reduce the impact of earthquakes. Six Ways to Plan Ahead 1. Check for Hazards in the Home o Fasten shelves securely to walls. o Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves. o Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches. o Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, couches, and anywhere people sit. o Brace overhead light fixtures. o Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks. o Secure a water heater by strapping it to the wall studs and bolting it to the floor. o Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects. o Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves. 2. Identify Safe Places Indoors and Outdoors o Under sturdy furniture such as a heavy desk or table.

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o Against an inside wall. o Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures, or where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall over. o In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines, overpasses, or elevated expressways. 3. Educate Yourself and Family Members o Contact your local emergency management office or American Red Cross chapter for more information on earthquakes. Also read the "How-To Series" for information on how to protect your property from earthquakes. o Teach children how and when to call 9-1-1, police, or fire department and which radio station to tune to for emergency information. o Teach all family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity, and water.

4. Have Disaster Supplies on Hand o Flashlight and extra batteries. o Portable battery-operated radio and extra batteries. o First aid kit and manual. o Emergency food and water. o Nonelectric can opener. o Essential medicines. o Cash and credit cards. o Sturdy shoes. 5. Develop an Emergency Communication Plan

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o In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster. o Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the "family contact." After a disaster, it's often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person. 6. Help Your Community Get Ready o Publish a special section in your local newspaper with emergency information on earthquakes. Localize the information by printing the phone numbers of local emergency services offices, the American Red Cross, and hospitals. o Conduct a week-long series on locating hazards in the home. o Work with local emergency services and American Red Cross officials to prepare special reports for people with mobility impairments on what to do during an earthquake. o Provide tips on conducting earthquake drills in the home. o Interview representatives of the gas, electric, and water companies about shutting off utilities. o Work together in your community to apply your knowledge to building codes, retrofitting programs, hazard hunts, and neighborhood and family emergency plans. What to Do During an Earthquake Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and a larger earthquake might occur. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and if you are indoors, stay there until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe. If indoors DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there isnt a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.

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could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.

your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place. n close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, loadbearing doorway.

shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.

may turn on.

If outdoors

and utility wires.

directly outside buildings, at exits and alongside exterior walls. Many of the 120 fatalities from the 1933 Long Beach earthquake occurred when people ran outside of buildings only to be killed by falling debris from collapsing walls. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects. If trapped under debris

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available. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust. What to Do After an Earthquake Expect aftershocks. These secondary shockwaves are usually less violent than the main quake but can be strong enough to do additional damage to weakened structures and can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake. Listen to a battery-operated radio or television. Listen for the latest emergency information. Use the telephone only for emergency calls. Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves. Stay away from damaged areas. Stay away unless your assistance has been specifically requested by police, fire, or relief organizations. Return home only when authorities say it is safe. Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in coastal areas. These are also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called "tidal waves"). When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way. Stay away from the beach. Help injured or trapped persons. Remember to help your neighbors who may require special assistance such as infants, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help. Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals. Inspect the entire length of chimneys for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire. Inspect utilities.

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o Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise, open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional. o Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice. o Check for sewage and water lines damage. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. Earthquake Terms Familiarize yourself with these terms to help identify an earthquake hazard: Aftershock An earthquake of similar or lesser intensity that follows the main earthquake. Earthquake A sudden slipping or movement of a portion of the earths crust, accompanied and followed by a series of vibrations. Epicenter The place on the earths surface directly above the point on the fault where the earthquake rupture began. Once fault slippage begins, it expands along the fault during the earthquake and can extend hundreds of miles before stopping. Fault The fracture across which displacement has occurred during an earthquake. The slippage may range from less than an inch to more than 10 yards in a severe earthquake. Magnitude The amount of energy released during an earthquake, which is computed from the amplitude of the seismic waves. A magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter Scale indicates an extremely strong earthquake. Each whole number on the scale represents an increase of about 30 times more energy released than the previous whole number represents. Therefore, an earthquake measuring 6.0 is about 30 times more powerful than one measuring 5.0. Seismic Waves Vibrations that travel outward from the earthquake fault at speeds of several miles per second. Although fault slippage directly under a structure can cause considerable damage, the vibrations of seismic waves cause most of the destruction during earthquakes.

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CYCLONE :

emergency. others.

to the radio warnings. at a cyclone alert means that the danger is within 24 hours. Stay alert. -lying beaches or other low-lying areas close to the coast flooded

house. However, if asked to evacuate do not hesitate to leave the place.

prevent splinters. However, this may not avoid breaking windows.

in suitably covered vessels.

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minimize flood damage. other emergency lights in working conditions and keep them handy.

a room.

one facing the wind.

lull in the wind and rain lasting for half and hour or so. During this time do not go out; because immediately after that very strong winds will blow from the opposite direction.

When Evacuation is instructed

medicines, special foods for babies and children or elders.

Post-cyclone measures You should remain in the shelter until informed that you can return to your home. ulated against diseases immediately.

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FLOOD:
Before a Flood To prepare for a flood, you should:

the drains of your home.

(levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the homes in your area.

seepage. During a Flood If a flood is likely in your area, you should:

ing can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.

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flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain. If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:

items to an upper floor.

electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water. If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips: walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you. rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away. Driving Flood Facts The following are important points to remember when driving in flood conditions: of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling.

vehicles (SUVs) and pick-ups. After a Flood The following are guidelines for the period following a flood:

drink.

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e. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.

and could collapse under the weight of a car. power lines, and report them to the power company.

particularly in foundations.

possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards. n and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals. Flood: Know Your Terms Familiarize yourself with these terms to help identify a flood hazard: Flood Watch: Flooding is possible. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information. Flash Flood Watch: Flash flooding is possible. Be prepared to move to higher ground; listen to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information. Flood Warning: Flooding is occurring or will occur soon; if advised to evacuate, do so immediately. Flash Flood Warning: A flash flood is occurring; seek higher ground on foot immediately.

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SIKKIM EARTHQUAKE
The Number of deaths in the recent earthquake, as reported by the State Government of Sikkim is 77. The Break up of death toll is as follows East District-13, North District -59, West District -04 and South District -01. 64 persons are hospitalized. The search and rescue operations teams of NDRF, Army and officials of the State Government are still on. The details of damage reported by the State Government (tentatively) in respect of houses, schools and hospitals are as follows : Sl.No District No. of House No. of Schools No. of Damaged damaged damaged 1 2 North South 6000 820 FD 446 PD 1582 MD NR 21 FD 41 PD 68 MD 07 FD NR (Relief opened-14) camp

hospitals

East

6000 FD 9000 PD 1679 FD 5327 SD 8342 PD

201 FD

23 FD

West

64 FD

NR

Total

14994 FD 17788 PD 1582 MD 5327 SD

285 FD 41 PD 61 MD

30 FD

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NR-Not reported, FD-Fully damaged, PD-Partially damaged, SD-Severely damaged, MD- Mildly damaged. 1. 10 teams of NDRF consisting of 419 personnel along with necessary search and recue equipment are deployed in Sikkim. Teams stationed at Lachung and Chungthang area of Sikkim are carrying out rescue and relief operations. Team at Gangtok and Chungthang recovered one dead body each yesterday. 2. A medical team comprising 19 doctors (Surgeon 4, Orthopedician 6, Anaesthesian 5, Neuro-surgeon 2, and medicine 2) deployed by the Ministry of Health, Government of India continues to provide medical help. ( 03 doctors continue work in Chungthang, 06 doctors at Distt. Hospital, Mangan and 10 doctors at STNM hospital, Gangtok). 3. The doctors of the NDRF team organised a medical camp at Mangam. 4. The State Government has opened total 85 relief camps. 2700 and 550 people have been provided shelter in two Army camps and ITBP (Pegong) respectively. Due to heavy continuous rains, landslides occurred in Dzongu. No casualty has been reported. Relief work is being carried out by NDRF/State Police and NGOs Due to heavy rains, airlift and other relief activities is not being carried out in Chugthang, Lachen and Lachung Landlines and Microwave links are operational. The present status of mobile tower/BTS which are functional viz-a-viz the total no. is given as follows : Vodafone - All fault restored Reliance - 52 (54) Idea - All fault restored Aircel - 54(55) Airtel - 67 (69) BSNL - 106(122)

A total of Rs. 14.21 crore has been disbursed as relief by the State Government till date.

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CONCLUSION:
Disaster Management requires multi-disciplinary and pro-active approach. Besides various measures for putting in place institutional and policy framework, disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness enunciated in this paper and initiatives being taken by the Central and State Governments, the community, civil society organizations and media also have a key role to play in achieving our goal of moving together, towards a safer India. The message being put across is that, inorder to move towards safer and sustainable national development, developmentprojects should be sensitive towards disaster mitigation. We have taken the first few but significant steps towards vulnerabilityreduction, putting in place prevention and mitigation measures and preparednessfor a rapid and professional response. With a massive awareness generationcampaign and building up of capabilities as well as institutionalization of theentire mechanism through a techno legal and techno financial framework, we aregradually moving in the direction of sustainable development. The various prevention, mitigation measures outlined above are aimed atbuilding up the capabilities of the communities, voluntary organisations and Government functionaries at all levels. Particular stress is being laid on ensuring that these measures are institutionalized considering the vast population and the geographical area of the country. This is a major task being undertaken by theGovernment to put in place mitigation measures for vulnerability reduction. Thisis just a beginning. The ultimate goal is to make prevention and mitigation a partof normal day-to-day life.. We have a firm conviction that with these measures inplace, we could say with confidence that disasters like Orissa cyclone and Bhujearthquake will not be allowed to recur in this country; at least not at the cost,which the country has paid in these two disasters in terms of human lives,livestock, loss of property and means of livelihood. Our vision 2020 is to build a safer and secure India through sustainedcollective effort, synergy of national capacities and peoples participation. Whatlooks a dream today will be transformed into reality in the next two decades. This is our goal and we shall strive to achieve this goal with a missionary zeal. The pathahead, which looks difficult today, will become a lot easier as we move alongtogether.

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REFERENCES :
www.ndma.org
www.ndmindia.nic.in/

www.unisdr.org

www.wikipedia.org

www.sristi.org

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BIBLIOGRAPHY: Disaster Management by G.K. Ghosh Disaster Management by R.B .Singh Disaster management by B Narayana

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