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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

I - NH HNG CA HOT NG XY DNG N MI TRNG TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG D N XY DNG CNG TRNH GIAO THNG NG B. Trong qu trnh thc hin D n, vic gii to, san i mt bng, vn chuyn vt liu, xy dng cng trnh s c nhng tc ng nh hng n mi trng. nh gi cc yu t tc ng n mi trng ca d n l vic lm cn thit xc nh mc nh hng, a ra cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu v x l nhim mi trng, hn ch cc tc ng tiu cc. Giai on xy dng c khi lng cng vic kh ln vi cc hot ng no vt bc lp t mt, p nn, ng cc, o h mng, vn chuyn tp kt nguyn vt liu, thi cng xy dng v thi u c th to ra cc ngun gy nhim mi trng: Bi, kh thi, ting n, cht thi rn nh gi c th cc tc ng ca giai on thi cng cng trnh giao thng ng b n mi trng nh sau: ( Da trn bo co TM d n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng ): 1. Tc ng n yu t mi trng vt l: 1.1. Cht lng khng kh: Cht lng khng kh thng l mt vn mi trng c xem l rt quan trng i vi khu vc dn c, cc khu thng mi hai bn ng, c bit trong cc khu th; cc trung tm kinh t x hi c mt xy dng ln. Giai on thi cng s gy nn mt s tc ng n mi trng khng kh do pht sinh cc yu t nhim sau: + Bi: Do cc hot ng san i, lu m mt bng, o t, p nn, vn chuyn vt liu. Bi b cun ln t ng giao thng do phng tin, gi thi qua bi cha vt liu xy dng nh xi mng, t ct

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG (Trong d n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng s phi thi cng o p v vn chuyn mt khi lng t khng l: +) p: 18.155.329,26 m3 t +) o v vn chuyn i :3.033.897,84 m3 t yu Trung bnh khi s dng 1m3 t o p nn trong iu kin kh hu bnh thng s sinh ra 1,5 kg bi, trong c 0,15kg bi l lng, Nh vy vi mt lng t p 18.155.329,26 m3nh trong D n s sinh ra 27.858 tn bi, trong c 2.785,8 tn bi l lng. Lng bi cn tng cao hn do cc c hng trm cc phng tin vn ti c ln ng thi hot ng trn ton tuyn Trong giai on thi cng s i hi mt lng b tng ln bao gm b tng asphalt v b tng xi mng. p ng iu ny s phi b tr mt lot cc trm b tng theo m ti cc v tr gn cc nt giao ln . Hot ng ca cc trm ny v cc hot ng c lin quan trn cng trng lun to mt lng bi v kh c c th lm suy gim cht lng khng kh. nhim bi trong giai on thi cng l nghim trng, cn c cc bin php gim tc ng ny xung mc thp nht.)

+ Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn ti, my mc thi cng, t nha ng... cha bi, cc kh: SO2, CO2, CO, NOx, THC, hp cht ch t khi xng du. + nhim khng kh do t cc cht thi c cha du m, ha cht (ti nilon, cao su, nha, gi du, cht hu c hoc mt s cht thi sinh hot .khi t ngoi tri sinh ra kh c dioxin gy nguy hi cho ngi v h sinh thi). + nhim khng kh t cc khu vc t nha ng. 1.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc Mi trng nc mt:

Mi s hot ng ca qu trnh thi cng trn cng trng c th ni u c th trc tip hoc gin tip tc ng ti mi trng nc. Vn quan tm trc tin l x l cht thi t cc khu ln tri thi cng, trnh x trc tip cht thi vo ngun nc. Cc hot ng thi cng lm xo ng mt t, bin i a hnh, vic o p lm rnh, to cc taluy u trc tip lm bin i ch dng chy v cht lng nc.
( Trong d n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng : + nhim ngun nc do cht hu c v cht thi rn:

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG - Cht thi hu c: Trong thi cng, s c nhng khu vc lu gi cht thi (t hu c, t do o v ph d) v vt liu. Tnh trng xi di dng ra tri t ph khi c ma ln c th xy ra. Theo tnh ton, D n thc hin p khong 18 triu m3ct v t, o khong 1,75 triu m3t khng thch hp. Nh vy tng lng o p khong 20 triu m3. Nu c tnh 0,2% khi lng t o p c chuyn thnh bn ct l lng, th lng bn ct l lng to ra khong 4.000 tn. Lng bn ct l lng cn c gia tng thm do c tng cng nc ma chy trn. Chnh v vy c ca nc trong sng s tng mnh vo nhng nm thi cng. Dng bn ct c chuyn vo trng thi l lng gy c nc sng, lm gim cht lng ngun nc. Ngoi ra, nc thi sinh hot ca nhng cng nhn lm vic trn sng ch yu cha cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD) v cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh thi xung sng gy nhim mi trng nc.. Tuy nhin, do trong khu vc D n ngun nc mt rt phong ph, kh nng pha long v t lm sch ln nn mc tc ng c hi c gim i ng k. - Cht thi rn: Theo c tnh, mi cn b cng nhn vin lm vic ti khu vc D n thi ra t 0,3 0,5 kg rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. Lng rc thi sinh hot ca khong 400 lao ng hng ngy c tnh: 400 ngi/ngy x 0,4 kg/ngi = 160 kg/ ngy. Mc d khi lng rc thi rn sinh hot nh, nhng nu khng c bin php thu gom mang vo b x l m thi xung sng th sau 2 nm thi cng s xy ra hin tng tch t cc cht khng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc nh nha, thy tinh, bao b kim loi ti on sng ca D n. Bao b nha s cun vo chn vt ca cc tu nh gy ch tc, s c cho hot ng tu thuyn. + nhim do Du thi: Trong khun kh D n, nhim du gy ra bi hai ngun chnh: t phng tin thi cng mng tr cu (ti cc a im xy dng cu) v cc thit b thi cng c s dng nhin liu nh xe chuyn vt liu, my xc, my i, my san nn, nha, trn b tng...Trong qu trnh hot ng chng s lm tht thot r r mt lng du nht nh. Lng r r du m s rt kh thu gom x l v th chng c th gy nhim ngun nc sng, nhim t. Khi thi cng m v tr cu phi s dng cc phng tin thu (nh s lan, tu ko...) Ngoi lng du r r theo chn vt, cc cht thi cha du khng qun l v thu gom s l ngun gy nhim du ng k cho sng cc knh mng ti tiu. Nc sng b nhim du s khng ch nh hng n h sinh thi trong khu vc D n m cn nh hng n h sinh thi mi trng. Tuy nhin cc yu t gy nhim nc trong thi gian thi cng ch mang tnh tm thi do kh nng t lm sch ca nc rt cao nn sau khi kt thc cng vic thi cng chng 6 thng n 1 nm, cht lng nc s dn dn tr li trng thi cn bng ban u. Cc tc ng c hi do nhim du trong thi gian thi cng l khng ln khi c cc bin php gim thiu hp l ).

Mi trng nc ngm: Cc nguyn nhn c bn tc ng n cht lng ngun nc ngm trong qu trnh thi cng, xy dng c th nh sau:

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

+ Nc mt l ngun cung cp nc c bn cho nc ngm, v th s nhim nc mt s dn n nhim cc tng nc ngm. + Qu trnh thi cng ng cc, khoan, o h xy dng mng v tr cu gy thng tng t mt lm cho c s trao i trc tip gia nc mt b nhim v nc ngm, gy nhim tng nc ngm. + i vi cc tng nc ngm nng, vic o p, san i mt bng s lm cho cc mch nc ngm b l ra, nc mt v nc ma cha cht nhim xm nhp vo tng nc ngm gy nn s nhim tng nc ngm. S thay i ca h thng cc dng chy lm bin i quy lut dng chy ko theo l mc nc ngm c th b h thp hoc nng cao tu theo qu trnh bin i ca h thng dng chy mt cng l mt nguyn nhn dn ti s thay i cht lng v lu lng ca cc tng nc. 1.3. Tc ng n mi trng t

Tc ng n mi trng t do cht thi rn:Trong giai on xy dng, mt lng ln cht thi rn c sinh ra: Vt liu xy dng b thi b: gch ngi, t ct, ph liu st thp Nhng ngun ny nu khng c thu gom, x l m thi ba bi ra xung quanh s l ngun gy nhim mi trng, lm mt cnh quan khu vc. Ngoi ra nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn cha t ct, bn thi, du m nu chy trc tip xung t lm suy gim cht lng t, nng sut cy trng. Vic xy dng con ng mi c th lm thay i mc nc ngm l c hi cung cp cc nguyn t ha hc khng mong mun nh Al, Fe v mang i cc hp phn kim v kim th, phn hy cht mn gim hot ng cc vi sinh vt trong t, gim ph ca t gy nguy c suy thoi t. Khu x l t ph thi nu khng c kim sot cht ch s gy hu qu khng tt ti t trng trt c bit l cc loi

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

ct si, va b tng, nc thi ca cc trm trn b tng c kim cao v cha cn lng xi mng s lm suy thoi t . Hu qu ca cc tc ng trn s lm thay i c tnh c l ca t nh chai cng, kt vn. Lm thay i c im ha hc nh chua ha, t b nhim c cc kim loi nng..lm cho t b suy thoi v gim kh nng canh tc. . Nhn chung tc ng ca D n ti mi trng t l khng ln; tuy nhin cng cn c bin php gim thiu tc ng ny. Tc ng ca ting n v rung: Tc ng ca ting n: Cc ngun gy n bao gm: Xe ti nng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng, cc thit b, my mc xy dng, trm trn b tng, my ng cc, hot ng i t, my pht in. 1.4. Mc n trong cc hot ng xy dng c bit c nh gi nh sau: a) Cc hot ng trn b tng: Mc n ln nht ti v tr cch trm trn b tng 15m l 90 dBA, trong iu kin khng c vt che chn; mc n ti khong cch xa gp i b gim 6 dBA so vi mc n trc . V vy, mc n ti v tr cch trm trn b tng 30m, 60m, 120m tng ng s l 84 dBA, 78 dBA v 72 dBA. b) Cc hot ng ng cc: Hot ng ng cc c th to nn ting n vt qu 105 dBA trong phm vi15m tnh t ngun gy n. . c) Cc hot ng o p t, san lp mt bng: o t v san lp mt bng, cn c mt s my mc thit b nh my xc, my i, my ko, my san v t ti. Cc my mc thit b ny c th to nn mc n 90 dBA khong cch 15 m. Nu chng cng hot ng th mc n s c cng hng, v d 6 my cng lm vic c th gy mc n 97 - 98 dBA. d) My pht in: Mc n to nn t cc my pht in c th t 82 dBA ti v tr cch xa 15 m. Nh vy, mc n ln nht khong cch 60 m s khong 70 dBA. Trong khu vc xy dng, cc my mc s to ra ting n cao, gy nn nhng tc ng tiu cc i vi n sc khe ca cng nhn lm vic gn bn my pht in Tc ng ny c nh gi l cc tc ng gy bt li nhng ch mang tnh a

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

phng v tm thi do mc n cao c th gim nhanh chng trong khong cch ngn ti cc khu dn c. Tc ng ca rung: Vic s dng cc xe ti nng vn chuyn vt liu xy dng v cc thit b, my mc xy dng nh xe lu, m, cn cu... s khng ch gy nhim ting n m cn gy ra rung ng k ti khu vc thi cng cng nh cc vng ln cn trong giai on xy dng cu v ng. . + Cc tm lin kt c chiu di 5-7,5m vi mt ct hnh ch U c ng n su cn thit to thnh tm panel thp lin kt vi nhau. Mt ba my 8 tn vi cng sut u vo khong 80KJ c th gy chn ng 12,9mm/s2 c ly 10m. + ng cc vo lp t bn vi xung nng u khong 30KJ c th gy chn ng 4,3mm/s2 c ly 10m. + My ba diesel hot ng trn lp t st c th gy chn ng 7mm/s2 c ly 10m. Trong qu trnh xy dng cu th ng cc v chuyn ch vt liu l hai ngun gy chn ng chnh. Nh vy vi khong cch t 100m tr ln, tc ng do rung ca cc hot ng n cc khu dn c l khng ng k. 1.5. Tc ng ca xy dng cu

- My mc thi cng hot ng khu vc st mp nc s gy nhiu lon dng nc b sng. - Vic ph d lp cy c v lp t mu s lm mt thm thc vt, tri cc trm tch v cc cht hu c xung nc, gy nhiu lon dng chy, tc nghn dng chy nh hng ti cc thy sinh vt, gy thit hi ti nguyn thy sn. - Vic n mn di nc s gy mt n nh trong mt ct ca dng nc, to ra cc mnh vn v cc ht trm tch, gy hi cho loi thy sinh vt. - Vic lm quai c th gy xi l, lng ng. - Cht thi trong qu trnh thi cng ri xung gy tc nghn, nhim dng nc, gy hi ti cc loi thy sinh vt ( mnh vn, xi mng, va, xng du

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

- Vic o hm xy dng hm cu ng b s gy ra chn ng, nh hng n nc ngm, gy nhim khng kh trong hm v d xy ra tai nn laao ng.
( D n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng: Vi phng n la chn l phng n 2 th tng s cu phi xy dng l 30 cu bao gm: 9 cu ln, 21 cu trung, phng n thi cng xy dng tr v m cu l phng n cc khoan nhi. Trng hp cc khoan nhi: Cng ngh ca cc khoan nhi l mt trong nhng cng ngh thng c p dng trong vic thi cng mng v tr cu ca cc cng trnh giao thng. Vi cng ngh ny th kh nng xm nhp nc mt vo cc mch nc ngm cc l khoan rt ln. y l mt tc ng khng th trnh khi i vi vic thi cng cc cc khoan nhi lm mng, tr cu. Con ng vt qua 06 con sng ln l: Sng Bc Hng Hi, sng Thi Bnh, sng Thanh Hng, sng Vn c, sng a , sng Lch Tray vic o p ng cc xy dng cu cng nh hng rt ln ti ch dng chy mt, gy qu trnh xi mn st l lm tng t ngt c ca dng nc. c ca h thng nc mt chu nh hng nhiu nht, ti nhng ni gn dng chy hoc ti cng trng thi cng cu, c c th tng cao ti hn 10 ln so vi bnh thng. c ln ti mc c th tiu dit ton b cc loi ng vt sng di lp bn y. Vo ma ma l, c mt vng rng ln pha h lu cng s b nh hng bi c ny. Trong qu trnh hot ng xy dng cc cu qua sng s lm tht thot r r mt lng du m nht nh t cc thit b nh: xe chuyn t, my xc i, my san nn ng, nha ng, my ng cc, x lan... Lng r r du m rt kh thu gom x l, chng s ngm xung theo cc tng thm nc d gy nn nhim nc ngm trong qu trnh thi cng, nht l trong thi cng cc cu ln vt cc sng cc sng Bc Hng Hi, Thi Bnh, Vn c, Lch Tray. Tc ng ny cn c cc bin php gim thiu ph hp ).

1.6.

ng ngp hoc ng nc

Vng thc hin D n c ch thu vn ph thuc vo c im thu vn ca h thng sng Hng v sng Thi Bnh. Tuy cc h thng thu nng ngy cng c nng cp v hon thin (h thng Bc Hng Hi), nhng nu ma ln ko di khu vc vn xy ra l (ngp ng) ni ng nh cc nm 1984, 1985, 1994 on km0 km65; nm 1975, 1978, 1990 on km 65 km72; nm 1978, 1990 on km75 km95. Nh vy, c th ni rng khu vc nghin cu l vng vn cn nguy c ngp ng. c bit khi xut hin nhng trn ma ln ko di. Vic xy dng mt tuyn ng hon ton mi, cao hn hn so vi ban u di hn 105 km, chy qua cc con sng ln c kh nng tiu thot nc cho H Ni, Hng Yn, Hi Dng, ng thi chy qua nhiu knh mng v cc h m lm hn ch kh nng tiu thot nc mang tnh cht cc b cho cc khu vc. Vic nng cao mt ng, vic chn dng chy t nhin san lp mt bng m tuyn vn chuyn vt liu, vic xy dng cc cu, cng vt sng, knh lm thu hp dng chy t nhin, s l nhng nguyn nhn gy ngp ng, ng nc. H qu ca n l lm thay i din tch ngp nc, thi gian ngp ng v cng l nguyn nhn to ra khu vc cha nc mi dn

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG theo hng lot nhng s thay i nh gy snh ly t, gleiha t, mn ha t v mt din tch canh tc, gy nhim mi trng nc, t vtrm tch. Tc ng gy ngp ng l nghim trng, cn c cc bin php gim thiu hu hiu.

2. Tc ng n h sinh thi: 2.1. H sinh thi di nc: Hot ng xy dng lm gim cht lng ngun nc mt, t gy nh hng xu n s sinh trng v pht trin ca cc loi ng thc vt thy sinh cng nh lm nh hng xu n sc khe ca ngi dn trong khu vc D n. 2.2. H sinh thi trn cn: Ph hy hoc gy thit hi cho h thc vt, ng vt, c bit gy nh hng ti h sinh thi nhy cm, cc loi ng, thc vt ang b e da tuyt dit
(Trong D n: Cc yu t b tc ng gm cc h ng thc vt nh: Mt mt s din tch cy trng v cy n qu trong cc khu dn c, Mt thm thc vt gm cc loi cy trng trn t nng nghip - Lm nh hng ti vng sng v vng hot ng ca mt s nhm, - Lm nh hng ti ni kim n v ngun thc n ca mt s nhm, - Lm nhim mi trng sng ca mt s loi, D n thc hin trong khu vc c h sinh thi nng nghip l ch yu, ng thcvt gm cy trng vt nui l chnh do vy tc ng ca d n ti chng l khng ng k)

3. Tc ng cc gi tr s dng ca con ngi: 3.1. Hot ng kinh t : D n tuyn ng chim dng mt s din tch t s dng cho pht trin kinh t nng nghip. S tp trung mt lng ln vt liu, phng tin, xe, my v nhn lc thi cng tuyn ng khng nhng gy nhim khng kh, nc v t lm nh hng ti s pht trin ca cy ci m cn lm cn tr cc hot ng sn xut, chm sc v thu hoch cy. Ngha l, hot ng nng nghip s b nh hng trong qu trnh thi cng tuyn ng. Vic thi cng cc nt giao thng ca tuyn s lm nh hng n hot ng lu thng xe trn cc tuyn ng nm trong khu vc thi cng. 3.2. Chia ct

Mi trng trong xy dng

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

Tuyn ng D n ct qua 12 qun huyn v 37 x. Hot ng thi cng nhng khu vc ny thng gy c tch giao thng. Hn na s xut hin ca con ng cao trung bnh 3m s tch i cng ng dn c, quan h lng xm, tnh cht cng ng s khng cn c gn b nh trc. Nhiu h dn chu tc ng trc tip b chim dng t v nh , ngoi ra cc h dn gn ng chu nhiu tc ng khc trong giai on thi cng. S tch bit gia mt b phn dn c vi trng hc v vi ng rung do s xut hin ca con ng s nh hng n s i li ca hc sinh ti trng, ca nhn dn i lm ng cng nh mi sinh hot khc ca ngi dn. Tc ng ny cn c cc bin php gim thiu. 3.3. Mt ngun sng Vi din tch chim dng l 10.145.388 m2 t nng nghip v t mt nc s c mt b phn ngi dn b mt t canh tc, mt ngun sng buc phi chuyn sang lm ngh khc. 4. Tc ng n cht lng cuc sng: 4.1. Di tch lch s vn ha: Hot ng thi cng s ln t, gy nh hng n cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s gn ng giao thng. ( D n xy dng ng cao tc H Ni Hi Phng: Mc d c nhiu di tch, n v cha
nm dc tuyn nhng ch nm gn ch gii gii phng mt bng nn hu nh khng c tc ng ).

4.2. Sc khe ca ngi dn v cng nhn: - Cht lng cuc sng ca dn c v ca cng nhn cc t im ng dn c b nh hng do bi, ting n, rung v c th cn c kh c pht thi t cc thit b thi cng. - Cc khu ln, tri tm ca cng nhn s l ni c tr, sinh sn do cc loi vi khun gy bnh, tng kh nng truyn bnh gia cng nhn v dn c a phng. - Ngoi ra c th pht sinh cc t nn x hi; tnh hnh an ninh trt t, v sinh mi trng khng m bo do tp trung mt lng ln cng nhn. - S tp trung mt lng xe ln thi cng: Nh my xc, xe san gt, xe ln ng, xe tri nha.v c bit l mt lng ln xe ti vn chuyn ph thi v vt liu lm ng, t nguy c tai nn s tng do tp trung qu nhiu xe, c bit l nhng khu vc dn c.

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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

4.3. Cnh quan t nhin: Vic o v lp t, vic khai thc , ti nhng ni c phong cnh p s ph v cnh quan, a hnh, a mo. Tuy nhin nh hng ca D n v vn cnh quan l khng ln do s c khc phc sau khi hot ng xy dng cng trnh hon thnh v a vo khai thc. II CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NH HNG CA HOT NG XY DNG N MI TRNG TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG D N XY DNG CNG TRNH GIAO THNG NG B. 1. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh: Lp k hoch v bin php c th i vi nhng xe vn chuyn t nhm hn ch pht thi bi trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lm nn. Ti nc thng xuyn b mt thi cng vo ma kh c bit ti cc on ct qua khu dn c. Trong mi trng hp cng trng thi cng phi c lm v sinh v gi c trng thi t nhin sau khi cng vic thi cng hon tt. Ch D n thng qua cc iu khon hp ng kinh t buc cc n v tham gia xy dng phi s dng xe my v cc thit b xy dng t TCVN v lng kh c x thi.Thc hin ch gim st v kim tra thng xuyn v cht ch trong sut giai on thi cng....Khuyn khch s dng cc thit b tiu chun t gy nh hng n mi trng, t pht thi khi, kh c v gy n nh. Cc tuyn ng chuyn ch phi c phun nc v hn ch ti a vic lm ri vi vt liu. Cc xe chuyn ch vt liu phi c bt che ph kn. Trm trn b tng nha s b tr ni rng ri, thong gi cch xa nhng khu dn c v tin ng giao thng. Cc thit b my mc khc nh: my nghin , trm trn b tng di ng phi c h thng gim bi cc b mi c hot ng. Vt liu d tha hoc ph thi ti cc trm trn b tng phi c thu gom chuyn n ni chn lp c quy nh, c s ng ca a phng.

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10

NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

B tr ni un nu nha ng cui chiu gi ch o v xa khu dn c (ti thiu xa 150m). Tuyt i khng dng ci g v cao su un nha ng. 2. Cc bin php thiu ting n v rung: Xe c gii, xe ti nng, thit b thi cng m D n s dng s c cc c quan chc nng kim tra v pht thi m bo tiu chun Vit Nam v mc n giao thng. Tnh ton t cc thit b thi cng nhng v tr sao cho ti cc khu dn c, cc c s vn ho - hnh chnh nm gn khu vc D n, gi tr mc n phi nh hn gii hn cho php. Trong trng hp kh nng ny khng thc hin c, s s dng tm chn n (i vi cng trng thi cng). Gim thiu tc ng ca ting n vo ban m. i vi cc trm trn b tng m bo vic ct, , si v cc thng cha c tin hnh lc ban ngy, xp d hng xe ti, vic trn va v bm va cn tin hnh vo gi lm vic ban ngy hoc cch xa khu dn c. 3. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim nc : m bo cht lng nc ca cc con sng v knh mng, trong qu trnh thi cng ch D n s bt buc cc nh thu phi thc hin nhim v bo v mi trng nc (c th hin trong cc hp ng): - Khng cht thi rn (cht thi xy dng, ct, ...) v cht thi du cn ca thit b xung dng chy; mi loi cht thi phi c thu gom, phn loi v chuyn n v tr thi theo qui nh. - Cc vt liu thi ra cng c coi nh cht thi rn do s c chuyn n nhng ni qui nh theo hng dn ca k s hin trng sau khi c s ng ca chnh quyn a phng. phng nga v gim thiu cc ngun gy nhim du t cng trng thi cng, t cc thit b thi cng v t cc trm nhin liu, cc phng n xut bao gm:

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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

- V tr tp trung thit b thi cng xa sng v cc m ao trnh cho du thi thm nhp trc tip vo ngun nc do dng nc chy trn. - Cc ph thi cha du u c thu gom, x l v chn lp xa ngun nc. - Khi thi cng m tr cu, cn du thi s c thu gom chuyn n ni chn lp theo s hng dn ca k s hin trng sau khi thng nht vi a phng ni cc cht thi. - Khng chn v tr t kho nhin liu gn b sng, nhin liu s c lu kho ti nhng khu vc c nh gi l an ton v xa ngun nc t nht 200m. Lm sch v khi phc li v tr kho tr v tnh trng ban u. Nhng vn nh hn ch lm c nc, ngn nga nhim nc, v tr kho bi, cng trng s c th hin trong cc hp ng vi cc nh thu nhm m bo mc tc ng ti ngun nc trong giai on thi cng l chp nhn c v khng li nhng nh hng lu di ti cht lng nc. Nc thi sinh hot ti cc khu ln tri cng nhn v cc vn phng qun l ca cc nh thu c thu gom v b t hoi chung ti mi khu. 4. Cc bin php gim thiu nhim cht thi rn: Rc thi sinh hot s do cc nh thu chu trch nhim. Cc nh thu phi tho thun vi a phng thu gom v cc v tr chn lp rc thi rc thi sinh hot sao cho m bo v sinh mi trng khu vc cng trng, ln tri v mi trng xung quanh. Tuyt i khng nh hng n mi trng khu dn c. Cc nh thu phi c trch nhim thu gom rc thi v lin h tho thun vi a phng v a im chn lp v tp kt rc thi. 5. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ti di tch vn ha lch s: Cc bin php tuyn truyn, ph bin nhm nng cao thc ngi dn trong vic gi gn cc di tch vn ha lch s cn c trin khai rng. Cc bc tng chng n v h thng cy xanh xung quanh cc khu di tch vn ha lch s cn phi c thit

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NHM IV LP VT LIU V CNG NGH XY DNG GIAO THNG

lp. Trong trng hp tuyn ng thit k xm phm vo khu vc cc cng trnh phi c phng n lm ng vng trnh. 6. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh vt: Trong giai on vn hnh, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc n a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn sinh cn thc hin cc chng trnh sau: + Ph cp kin thc c bn v mi trng cho cc hc sinh v c dn trong khu vc nhm nng cao s hiu bit v mi trng cng nh thc gi gn v bo v mi trng. + T chc cc chng trnh mi trng cho dn a phng nhm gi gn mi trng tt trong khu vc + Kim tra nh k iu kin sng ca h thy sinh trong khu vc. + Duy tr, bo dng cc h thng mng rnh v knh thot nc. + Trng cy xanh v gi cc thm c t nhin.

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