Kha hc Dng in xoay chiu v Dao ng in t BI GING DNG IN XOAY CHIU

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 1 -
I. LCH PHA TRONG MCH IN XOAY CHIU
Mch ch c R: = 0.
Mch ch c L: = /2.
Mch ch c R: = /2.
Mch ch c R, L ni tip:
L
2 2
L
Z
tan
R

, 0 .
R R
2
cos
Z
R Z

| |
< <

|
\
= =
+

c bit:
L
L

R Z 0
4

R Z
4 2
> < <
< < <
Mch ch c R, C ni tip:
C
2 2
C
Z
tan
R

, 0 .
R R
2
cos
Z
R Z

=

| |
< <

|
\
= =
+

c bit:
C
C

R Z 0
4

R Z
2 4
> < <
< < <
Mch ch c R, L, C ni tip:
( )
L C
2
2
L C
Z Z
tan
R

, .
R R
2 2
cos
Z
R Z Z

=

| |
< <

|
\
= =

c bit:

L C
L C
L C

0 Z Z R
4
0 Z Z

Z Z R
4 2
< < <
> >
< < >

C L
L C
C L

Z Z R
2 4
0 Z Z

0 Z Z R
4
< < >
< <
< < <
Ch : Trong cc bi ton lch pha c cho biu thc ca u v i, chng ta phi quy i phng trnh u, i v cng
dng hm theo quy tc

| |
=

|
\

| |
= +
|

\
sin cos : sin cos
cos sin : cos sin
V d 1: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm R, L, C ni tip nhau. Nu in p gia hai u on mch l
u = U
o
cos(t + /6) V th cng dng in trong mch l i = I
o
cos(t /6) A. Mch in c
A.
1
.
LC
= B.
1
.
LC
> C.
1
.
LC
> D.
1
.
LC
<
Hng dn gii:
Bi ging 6:
l ll c cch hh p pph hha aa - -- p pph hh n nng gg p pph hh p pp g ggi ii n nn v vv c cc t tt
Kha hc Dng in xoay chiu v Dao ng in t BI GING DNG IN XOAY CHIU
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 2 -

T biu thc ca u v i ta c lch pha
u i L C
1 1
0 Z Z L .
3 C LC
= = > > > >
Do ta c p n ng l C.
V d 2: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm R, L, C ni tip nhau. Nu in p gia hai u on mch l
u = U
o
cos(t /6) V th cng dng in trong mch l i = I
o
sin(t + /3) A. Mch in c
A.
1
.
LC
= B.
1
.
LC
< C.
1
.
LC
> D.
1
.
LC
<
Hng dn gii:
Do cc biu thc ca u v i cha ng nht vi nhau nn ta phi chuyn dng phng trnh.
o
u i L C
o o o

u U cos t
6 1
Z Z .
LC
i I sin t I cos t I cos t
3 3 2 6
| |
=
|
\
= = =

| | | | | |

= + = + =
| | |

\ \ \

Do ta c p n ng l A.
V d 3: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm hai trong ba phn t R, L, C ni tip nhau. Nu in p gia hai u
on mch l u = U
o
cos(t + /2) V th cng dng in trong mch l i = I
o
cos(t + /6) A. Mch in c
A. R v L, vi R > Z
L
. B. R v L, vi R < Z
L
.
C. R v C, vi R > Z
C
. D. R v C, vi R < Z
C
.
Hng dn gii:
T biu thc ca u v i ta c lch pha
u i

0
3
= = > mch c cha R, L.
Mt khc
L L
L
Z Z
tan tan 3 1 R Z .
3 R R
= = = > <
T ta c p n ng l B.
II. MT S DNG GIN VC T THNG GP
1) Mch RLC c u
RL
vung pha vi u
RC
Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
T gin ta thu c mt s kt qu quan trng nh sau:
Xt v ln:
1 2 1 2

tan cot
2
+ = =
T ,
2 2 L R
R L C L C
R C
U U
U U U R Z Z
U U
= = =
Theo nh l Pitago cho tam gic vung OU
RL
U
RC
ta c
( )
2
2 2
RL RC L C
U U U U + = +
Cng trong tam gic vung OU
RL
U
RC
, t cng thc tnh ng cao
ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
R RL RC R R L R C
1 1 1 1 1 1
U U U U U U U U
= + = +
+ +

p dng cng thc tnh din tch tam gic ta c
( ) ( )
( )
RL RC RL RC R L C
RL RC R L C
1 1
dt OU U U U U U U
2 2
U U U U U
= = +
= +

Ch : Khi cun dy c thm in tr r 0, nu u
rL
vung pha vi
u
RC
ta c h thc U
R
U
r
= U
L
U
C
Rr = Z
L
Z
C


2) Mch RLC c u
RL
vung pha vi u
Kha hc Dng in xoay chiu v Dao ng in t BI GING DNG IN XOAY CHIU
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 3 -

Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
T gin ta thu c mt s kt qu quan trng nh sau:
Xt v ln
1 2 1 2

tan cot
2
+ = =
( ) ( )
2 2 L R
R L C L L C L
R C L
U U
U U U U R Z Z Z
U U U
= = =

Theo nh l Pitago cho tam gic vung OU
RL
U ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
RL C C R L
U U U U U U U + = = + +
Cng trong tam gic vung OU
RL
U, t cng thc tnh ng cao ta
c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
R RL R R L
1 1 1 1 1 1
U U U U U U U
= + = +
+

p dng cng thc tnh din tch tam gic ta c
( )
RL RL R C RL R C
1 1
dt OU U U U U U U U U U
2 2
= = =
2 2
R L R C
U U U U U + =

3) Mch RLC c u
RC
vung pha vi u
Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
T gin ta thu c mt s kt qu quan trng nh sau:
Xt v ln
1 2 1 2

tan cot
2
+ = =
( ) ( )
2 2 L C R
R C L C C L C
R C
U U U
U U U U R Z Z Z
U U

= = =
Theo nh l Pitago cho tam gic vung OU
RC
U ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
RC C L R C
U U U U U U U + = = + +
Cng trong tam gic vung OU
RC
U, t cng thc tnh ng cao ta
c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
R RC R R C
1 1 1 1 1 1
U U U U U U U
= + = +
+

p dng cng thc tnh din tch tam gic ta c
( )
RC RC R L RC R L
1 1
dt OUU U U U U U U U U
2 2
= = =
2 2
R C R L
U U U U U + =

V d 1: on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun 30 mc ni tip vi cun dy. in p hiu dng
hai u cun dy l 120 V. Dng in trong mch lch pha /6 so vi in p hai u on mch v lch pha
/3 so vi in p hai u cun dy. Cng hiu dng dng qua mch c gi tr bng bao nhiu?
Hng dn gii:
Kha hc Dng in xoay chiu v Dao ng in t BI GING DNG IN XOAY CHIU
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 4 -

Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
T gin ta d dng tnh c
Lr
OUU l tam gic cn ti
U
Lr

Lr Rr r R
UU 120 OU OU 120 U 120 = = =
Cng dng in trong mch l
R
U 120
I 4 (A).
R 30
= = =

V d 2: t in p xoay chiu ( ) = u 120 6 cos t V vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v
MB mc ni tip. on AM l cun dy c in tr thun r v c t cm L, on MB gm in tr thun R
mc ni tip vi t in C. in p hiu dng trn on MB gp i in p hiu dng trn R v cng hiu
dng ca dng in trong mch l 0,5 A. in p trn on MB lch pha so vi in p hai u on mch l
/2. Tnh Cng sut tiu th ton mch l
Hng dn gii:
Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
Theo gi thit
R
MB R
MB
U 1
U 2U cos
U 2 3
= = = =
T ,

P UI cos 120 3.0, 5.cos 90W.
6 6
= = = =

V d 3: t in p xoay chiu u = 160cos(100t) V vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v
MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr R v t in C mc ni tip, on MB gm cun dy c h s t cm
L v in tr r. Bit
| |
= +

|
\

=
AM MB

i 2 2 cos 100t A
12
U U
v in p gia hai u on AM v MB vung pha vi nhau.
Tnh gi tr ca R, r, L, C.
Hng dn gii:
Kha hc Dng in xoay chiu v Dao ng in t BI GING DNG IN XOAY CHIU
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 5 -

Theo d kin ca bi ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
Ta c
AB AM MB
AM MB
AM MB
U U U
U U
U U

= +

t gic OU
MB
U
AB
U
AM
l
hnh vung ( )
AB
AM MB
U 80 2
U U 80 V .
2 2
= = = =
( )
AM
AM MB
U 80
Z Z 40 .
I 2
= = = =
Ta li c, u
AB
chm pha hn i gc /12, suy ra u
MB
nhanh
pha hn i gc
MB

4 12 6
= = v u
AM
chm pha hn i gc
AN

4 12 3 3
+ = =
Ta c
( )
( )
MB
MB
L
MB L
r 3 3
cos r .40 20 3
Z 2 2
Z 1 r
tan Z 20
r 3 3

= = = =

= = = =

Ta c
( )
( )
AM
AM
AM
C
MB C
Z R 1
cos R 20
Z 2 2
Z
tan 3 Z R 3 20 3
R

= = = =

= = = =

V d 4: t in p xoay chiu ( ) = u 120 2cos 100t V vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v
MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr R v t in C mc ni tip, on MB gm cun dy c h s t cm
L v in tr r. Bit
| |
= +
|
\

=
AM MB

i 2 2 cos 100t A
12
U 3U
v in p gia hai u on AM v MB vung pha vi nhau.
Tnh gi tr ca R, r, L, C.
Hng dn gii:
Theo d kin ca bi ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
Ta c
AB AM MB
AM MB
AM MB
U U U
U 3U
U U

= +

t gic OU
MB
U
AB
U
AM
l hnh
ch nht. T d ta tnh c
( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2
AM MB AB MB AB AM
MB AM MB AM MB
U U U 4U U U 60 3 V
U 60 V U 3U U 3U
+ = = =



= = =



( )
( )
AM
AM
MB
MB
U 60 3
Z 30 3 .
I 2
U 60
Z 30
I 2

= = =

= = =

Kha hc Dng in xoay chiu v Dao ng in t BI GING DNG IN XOAY CHIU
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 6 -

Xt tam gic
( )
MB
MB AB MB AB
AB
U 1
OU U cos
U 2
+ = =

MB AB MB


3 3 12 4
+ = = =
Do u
MB
nhanh pha hn i nn
MB

4
= .
Ta li c
MB AM AM AM

.
2 4 4
+ = = =
Ta c
( )
( )
MB
MB
L
MB L
r 1 30
cos r 15 2
Z 2 2
Z
tan 1 Z r 15 2
r

= = = =

= = = =

Ta c
( )
( )
AM
AM
C
MB C
R 1 30 3
cos R 15 6
Z 2 2
Z
tan 1 Z R 15 6
R

= = = =

= = = =

V d 5: Mt mch in xoay chiu ni tip gm t in c in dung C, in tr thun R v cun dy c t
cm L c in tr thun r. Dng vn k c in tr rt ln ln lt o hai u in tr, hai u cun dy v
hai u on mch th s ch ln lt l 50V, 30 2 V, 80V. Bit in p tc thi trn cun dy sm pha hn
dng in l /4. in p hiu dng trn t c gi tr bao nhiu?
Hng dn gii:
T gi thit, u
d
sm pha hn i gc /4 nn ( )
L
r
L r
2 2
d r L
U
tan 1
4 U
U U 30 V .
U U U 30 2

= =

= =

= + =

Mt khc, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
R r L C L C C L
U U U U U 80 50 30 U U U U 30 V . = + + = + + = =
Vy in p gia hai bn t c gi tr l 30 (V).

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