11/9/2009

NGHIEN CU AP DUNG QUY TRNH SAN XUAT SACH HN CHO DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI

MUC LUC

CHNG 1 : HIEN TRANG SAN XUAT CUA DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI CHNG 2 : C HOI SAN XUAT SACH HN CHO DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI CHNG 3 : TIEN TRNH ANH GIA SAN XUAT SACH HN CHO DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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GII THIEU CHUYEN E

1. Nganh thuoc da la nganh gay o nhiem tiem tang 2. Tnh trang o nhiem tai cac c s thuoc da TP.HCM 3. C s khoa hoc va thc tien ve kiem soat o nhiem trong nganh thuoc da 4. Van e can nghien cu oi vi doanh nghiep Hang Li

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CHNG 1 : HIEN TRANG SAN XUAT CUA DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI

1. TONG QUAN HOAT ONG SAN XUAT TAI C S SAN XUAT Ten c s : Doanh nghiep thuoc Da Hang Li a ch : 16/15 Au C, P. 9, Q. Tan Bnh, TP.HCM. Nganh cong nghiep: Thuoc da San pham : da nt (da co o day hn cac san pham da khac). ac iem noi bat nhat la chu c s va cong nhan eu la ngi goc Hoa. Cong nghe trc ay la cong nghe co nguon goc t Trung Quoc. * ac iem cua c s: Nguyen lieu san xuat cua c s la da trau ti. Dien tch c s ln nhng bo tr nha xng cha hp ly. Cong tac ve sinh nha xng cha c quan tam, mac du khu vc kho (khu vc hoan thien san pham) c bo tr cach biet vi khu vc t va dien tch khu vc nay kha ln nhng cac cong oan trong khu vc nay bo tr rat lon xon, khong thuan tien khi thao tac.
5

Doanh nghiep Hang Li Dien tch khu vc san xuat (m2) - Tret:600 So cong nhan 10 Cong nghe thuoc Crom Cong suat (Kg/ngay) 300 Nguyen lieu san xuat : da ti (T/nam) 70 ien SX (KW/h) 2000 Nc thai 30 Lu lng (m3/ngay) Tai s dung Chat thai phat sinh 80 (Kg/ngay) Chat thai ran Thai bo 40 (Kg/ngay) Kh thai Xem chi tiet tai bang 4 He thong x ly Nc thai ho nc thai langthai

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1.1 Nguyen vat lieu san xuat va th trng tieu thu Ve nguyen vat lieu san xuat: (i) da nguyen lieu: s dung da ti; (ii) hoa chat s dung: hoa chat s dung la hoa chat ngoai nhap. Nguon nc s dung: nc gieng khoan. Ve th trng tieu thu: san pham chu yeu tieu thu th trng trong nc. 1.2 Tnh hnh quan ly va x ly chat thai tai cac c s Nc thai: nc thai ch c cho qua ho lang s bo trc khi thai thang ra nguon tiep nhan. Chat thai ran: chiem khoang 40-45% khoi lng da nguyen lieuphan ta nao trc khi thuoc chiem khoang 30% va phan nao bo sau khi thuoc chiem khoang 10-15%. Kh thai: tai c s phat sinh mui hoi rat nang, tuy nhien hau nh chu c s khong quan tam en van e nay. 7

1.3 Quy trnh cong nghe san xuat

Da nguyen lieu Nao tht, m tha Tay m Ngam voi, tay long, xe Tay voi, lam mem Ngam axit Thuoc

Thuoc Ep nc, canh li Thuoc lai, trung hoa An dau, nhuom Ham va ra Ep, say, tia,vo mem Thoi bong, sn say Thanh pham

* Mot so hnh anh cua qua trnh san xuat

1. Nguyen lieu: Da nguyen lieu: da trau ti c mua tap trung t cac c s giet mo Quan 12, Hoc Mon. Hoa chat: hau het cac loai hoa chat s dung eu la hang ngoai nhap (c, Y, Phap), ch co voi va muoi la san xuat tai Viet Nam. Nguon nc s dung: nc ngam khai thac t gieng khoan sau khoang 35-40 m.

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2. Nao tht, m tha:

Hnh 2 - Nao tht, m tha

Hnh 3- Phan mom, tai, tht tha cat t da ti

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5. Tay voi, lam mem

Hnh 4 - Trong quay

Hnh 5 - Da sau khi a ngam voi, tay long

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9. Thuoc lai, trung hoa

Hnh 6 - Da sau thuoc co mau xanh nhat

Hnh 7 - Cat tam da lam oi trc khi canh li

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12. Ep, say, tia da, vo mem

Hnh 8 - Phi da sau khi ep, say

Hnh 9 - May vo mem

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13. Thoi bong, sn say

Hnh 10 - Sn bong be mat da

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2. PHAN TCH CAC NGUYEN NHAN PHAT SINH CHAT THAI

STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Cong oan Chuan b Nao tht, m tha Tay m Ngam voi, tay long, xe da Tay voi, lam mem Ngam axt Thuoc crom Ep nc, canh li Thuoc lai, trung hoa An dau, nhuom Ham va ra Ep, say, tia da, vo mem Thoi bong, sn say Thanh pham CTR x x Dong thai Nc thai x x x x x x x x x x x Kh thai

x x

x x

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3. KET QUA KHAO SAT VA O AC CHAT LNG MOI TRNG

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3.1 Van e nc thai

Cong oan 1. Ra da nguyen lieu 2. Cong oan ngam voi - Nc xa lan 1 - Nc xa lan 2 3. Cong oan tay voi - Nc xa lan 1 - Nc xa lan 2 4. Cong oan ngam axit - Sau khi cho muoi vao - Nc xa lan 1 - Nc xa lan 2 5. Thuoc crom - Cong oan thuoc crom - Cong oan thuoc lai pH TDS mg/l 464 8.430 28.800 9.870 5.120 1.150 6.580 46.100 15.700 25.600 8.090 20.000 1.610 T.cng SS mg/l 67 575 Thong so o nhiem BOD COD T.Colif. mg/l mg/l MPN/ 100ml 170 180 540 1.670 16.540 2.800 1.840 136 1.120 1.750 670 400 1.870 39.600 1.200 100 24x106 3.000 3.000 4.000 1.000 11.000 0 3.000 3.000 300 4.000 0 3.000 10.000 Cr3+ mg/l 32 185 19,1 1 Cr6+ mg/l 80 85 14,5 0,1 Ca2+ mg/l 5,4 206 3.500 0 206 46 760 950 414 92 Clmg/l 320 540 540 540 410 410 3.960 28.500 130 320 6.130 3.000 1.100 -

6,3 12 12 12,5 8,5 7,5 3,1 2,9 4,1 3,3

21 2.070

11.200 5.610 2.080 2.560 612 234 3.960 4.320 414 100 738 306 786 607 33 224 313 42 141 151 18 100 480 300 30 190 270 100 150 380 200 50

6. Cong oan an dau, nhuom - Nc xa lan 1 3,0 - Nc xa lan 2 3,5 - Nc xa lan 3 TCVN 5945 1995 (B) 3,1 5,5 -9

2.600 1.120

3.2

Van e chat thai ran Loai chat thai ran STT Thanh phan Mun nao & ra da thuoc 241 29,78 14,2 Ra da sau thuoc & bui t qua trnh vo anh chai 312 132 26,84 -

01 Protein 02 Chat beo 03 Cr2O3 04 Muoi 05 Voi 06 Sulphide

Ghi ch: n v tnh l mg/kg

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3.3 TT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

Van e kh thai Thong so o on Nhiet o o am Toc o gio Bui SO2 NH3 H2 S CO n v dBA
0C

Ket qua o 77,4 29,8 77 0,2-0,6 0,055 0,506 0,328 8,1

TCVS 3733/2002 85 34 75-85 2 1 5 17 10 20

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% m/s mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3

CHNG BA: CAC C HOI SAN XUAT SACH HN CHO DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI

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1. Thay oi nguyen vat lieu

Biocides Hoa chat thay the Thay the nhng san pham gay tac ong moi trng va gay oc thap nhat hoac s dung lng thap nhat co the chap nhan c, v du: sodium hoac potassium-di-methyl-thiocarbamate. Hp chat hu c co nhom chc Trong nhieu trng hp co the thay the hoan toan, bao gom viec thay Halogen the trong cac cong oan: ngam, tay m, cac hoa chat nhuom va hoa chat trong cac cong oan sau thuoc. Dung moi hu c (khong cha Thay the cac hoa chat s dung trong cong oan hoan thien. nhom chc halogen) Hoa chat be mat V du: alcohol ethoxylates, hoac thay the nhng cong oan co the thc hien c. Phc chat EDTA va NTA EDDS va MGDA, hoac thay the nhng cong oan co the thc hien c. Chat tay voi Ammonium Thay the mot phan vi carbon dioxide va cac acid hu c yeu. - 20-35% chrome vao co the c thay the bang chrome thu hoi (recovered chrome) - Thay the bang cac san pham cha lng thap formaldehyde, phenol, acrylic acid monomer. Hoa chat nhuom - Thay the ammonia bang cac chat bo tr khac nh thuoc nhuom penetrator. - Thay the thuoc nhuom halogenic bang thuoc nhuom vinyl sulphone. Hoa chat hoan thien be mat san Cong oan hoan thien: thay the bang cac nhu tng trung hp pham (polymeric emulsions) cha lng thap monomer. Hoa chat khac: - Khong s dung cac chat tao nen cac hp chat halogen hut bam (AOX) - Chat khong tham nc - S dung cac hon hp khong cha cac dung moi hu c, hoac neu co - Chat ham Brominated the th s dung cac hp chat cha dung moi hu c thap. Hoa chat thuoc - Chromium - Syntans va resins Hoa chat

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2. Quan ly noi vi * Van hanh va bao dng * Ngan chan s co

Thc hien tot cong tac quan gia va cac giai phap tong hp Cai thien va kiem soat qua trnh san xuat S dung ra theo me thay v ra lu thong Thay oi cac thiet b hien co S dung thiet b hien ai Tan dung hoac s dung lai nc trong cac cong oan co the thc hien c. X ly nguon thai Tan thu chromium t cac cong oan co nong o > 1 g/l, lng chrome tan thu nay co the c s dung lai. S dung ket hp cac phng phap c hoc, hoa hoc, sinh hoc, lang loc va tach 22 bun

3.

Kiem soat qua trnh tot hn

Cong oan Giai phap Hoi ti, tay m - Giam lng muoi s dung Ngam voi, tay long - Giam lng sulphide tieu thu bang viec s dung cac enzyme. Tay voi, lam mem - Thay the cac muoi ammonium bang viec s dung cac acid hu c yeu. Ngam axit - S dung lai dung dch dung trong cong oan ngam axit - ieu chnh lng nc s dung vi ty le theo khoi lng da trong khoang t 50-60% e giam lng muoi tieu thu. Thuoc - Gia tang hieu qua s dung chrome trong qua trnh thuoc bang viec ieu chnh cac thong so: pH, nhiet o, thi gian va toc o trong quay . - oi vi nc thai co ham lng Cr > 1g/l, dung ket hp viec ieu chnh cac thong so tren vi viec thu hoi lng chrome lang trong nc thai. Thuoc lai, trung - S dung mot cach hieu qua cac hoa chat dung trong hoa cong oan thuoc lai - Giam lng muoi trong dung dch s dung 23 Nhuom - S dung triet e cac hoa chat nhuom Sn hoan thien - S dung phng phap sn truc lan

4. Cai tien thiet b

5. Thay oi cong nghe 6. Tuan hoan va tai s dung 7. Thay oi san pham Tuy nhien, tai doanh nghiep nghien cu ch co the ap dung c 04/07 nhom, cac giai phap o la: - Quan ly noi vi; - Kiem soat qua trnh; - Cai tien thiet b; - Tuan hoan va tai s dung.

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CHNG 3: TIEN TRNH ANH GIA SAN XUAT SACH HN CHO DOANH NGHIEP THUOC DA HANG LI

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anh gia san xuat sach hn c chia thanh sau bc ac trng :

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1. Bc 1: Khi ong

Ban lanh ao cam ket tien hanh nghien cu va ap dung chng trnh san xuat sach hn. Thanh lap nhom anh gia san xuat sach hn: nhom thc hien bao gom 2 nhom chnh: Nhom lanh ao: 01 Pho Giam oc ky thuat; 01 Quan oc xng; Nhom lam viec: 01 can bo ky thuat, 01 cong nhan, 01 chuyen gia san xuat sach hn ngoai doanh nghiep.

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Phieu cong tac 1: kha nang thu nhan thong tin

Thong tin 1. S o nha may 2. S o cong nghe 3. S o cong nghe the hien dong thai

Kha nang thu thap thong tin Khong Co Co

Nhan xet Khong c cung cap c cung cap Khong ay u (s dung va tieu hao nang lng khong c cung cap chi tiet)

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Phieu cong tac 2: thong tin chung khao sat cho 1 me san xuat
Nguyen lieu chnh: Da ti Hoa chat - Biocides - Hp chat hu c co nhom chc Halogen - Dung moi hu c (khong cha nhom chc halogen) - Hoa chat be mat - Phc chat EDTA va NTA - Chat tay voi Ammonium - Hoa chat thuoc + Chromium + Syntans va resins - Hoa chat nhuom - Hoa chat hoan thien be mat san pham - Hoa chat khac: + Chat khong tham nc + Chat ham Brominated Nc Nguon nang lng s dung: ien :dung cho chieu sang, hoat ong van phong, san xuat Cong suat Phng phap x ly cac dong thai n v Kg kg So lng 3.160 690

M3 Kw/h Kg/ngay X ly s bo

75,5 2000 300

2. Bc 2: phan tch cac giai oan trong quy trnh cong nghe

Phieu cong tac 3: S o cong nghe the hien dong thai

30

10

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AU VAO - Nc - Nc - Chat tay m - Na2CO3 - Chat chong thoi - Nc - Na2S - Voi, muoi an - Nc - (NH3)2SO4 - Chat tay m E93 - Men P7 - Nc - Muoi an NaCl - Axit formic - Axit sunfuric 98% - Nc - Cr2O3 - NaHCO3 - Nc - Axit formic - Cr2O3 - HCOONa - NaHCO3 - Nc - Dau, mau - Axit formic - Nc - Axit formic - Nhiet - Sn

QUY TRNH SAN XUAT Da nguyen lieu Nao tht, m tha Tay m Ngam voi, tay long, xe Tay voi, lam mem Ngam axit Thuoc Ep nc, canh li Thuoc lai, trung hoa An dau, nhuom Ham va ra Ep, say, tia,vo mem Thoi bong, sn say Thanh pham

AU RA - Nc ra da - Tht, m tha - Nc thai cha nhieu m - Nc thai cha voi - Long, lp da trong - Nc thai cha voi - Nc thai cha axit - Nc thai cha hoa chat thuoc, crom - Nc thai - Mun bao sau thuoc - Nc thai cha hoa chat thuoc, crom - Nc thai cha dau, hoa chat nhuom - Nc thai cha axit - Nhiet tha - Reo da, bui da - Nhiet tha - Bui sn

Phieu cong tac 4: Hien trang quan ly mat bang san xuat
V tr Chuan b nguyen lieu Cac sai sot trong quan ly mat bang Bo tr khong gon gang nc thai chay tran co lan hoa chat tren nen xng dnh bam vao nguyen lieu bac nhac khong c tap ket theo khu vc Dung cu cha hoa chat sap xep khong trat t Khong co mng thu gom nc thai hp ly San nha khong c ve sinh Con nhieu v tr am t do nc thai t cong oan thuoc tran qua May moc thiet b sap xep cha hp ly, khong thuan tien cho thao tac
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Tai cac trong quay

Lo say

Phieu cong tac 5: Can bang vat chat

STT Cong oan Vat lieu au vao Loai 01 02 Chuan b Nao tht, m tha - Da ng. lieu - Nc - Da sau ra Lng 3.160 kg 1 m3 3.160 kg Vat lieu au ra Loai - Da sau ra - Da sau nao Lng 3.160 kg 2.900 kg 260 kg (reo da, tht, m tha) 10,2 m3 (+ 10,5 kg hoa chat) CTR Dong thai Nc thai 1 m3 Kh thai

03

Tay m

- Da sau nao - Nc - Chat tay m - Chat chong thoi - Na2CO3 - Da sau khi tay m - Nc - Na2S - Voi - Da sau khi tay long - Nc - (NH3)2SO4 - Chat tay m E93 - Men sinh hoc P7 - Da sau khi tay voi - Muoi NaCl - Axit formic - Axit sunfuric - Nc - Da sau ngam axit - Cr2O3 - NaHCO3 - Nc

2.900 kg 10,4 m3 8 kg 3 kg 14,5 kg 3.115 kg 8,4 m3 50 kg 150 kg 1.932 kg 19,9 m3 4 kg 4 kg 1 kg 1.922 kg 150 kg 2 kg 3 kg 9 m3 2.246 kg 150 kg 90 kg 4,5 m3

- Da sau khi tay m

3.115 kg

04

Ngam voi, tay long, xe

- Da sau khi tay long

1.932 kg

1.363 kg (long, lp da trong)

8,4 m3 (+ 20 kg hoa chat) 19,9 m3 (+ 19 kg hoa chat)

05

Tay voi, lam mem

- Da sau khi tay voi

1.922 kg

06

Ngam axt

- Da sau khi ngam axit

2.246 kg

8,8 m3 (+ 31 kg hoa chat)

07

Thuoc crom

- Da sau thuoc

3.362 kg

3,6 m3 (+ 24 kg hoa chat)

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ST T
08 09

Cong oan

Vat lieu au vao Loai Lng

3.362 kg 1.237 kg 4 m3 1 kg 1 kg 5 kg 2,5 kg 1.245 kg 8,2 m3 15 kg 5 kg 1.261 kg 4,7 m3 1 kg 1.258 kg

Vat lieu au ra Loai

- Da sau khi ep nc, canh li - Da sau khi thuoc lai

Dong thai CTR

825 kg (mun bao)

Lng
1.237 kg 1.245 kg

Nc thai
1,3 m3 4 m3 (1,5 kg hoa chat)

Kh thai

Ep nc, canh li Thuoc lai, trung hoa

- Da sau thuoc - Da sau khi canh li - Nc - Axit formic - Chat lam mem WF - HCOONa - Na2CO3 - Da sau khi thuoc lai - Nc - Mau - Dau - Da sau khi an dau, nhuom - Nc - Axit formic - Da sau khi ham, ra - Nhiet - Da sau khi vo mem - Sn - Nhiet - Da sau khi thoi bong, sn say

10

An dau, nhuom

- Da sau khi an dau, nhuom

1.261 kg

8,2 m3 (+ 4 kg hoa chat)

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Ham va ra

- Da sau khi ham, ra

1.258 kg

4,7 m3 (+ 4 kg hoa chat) 188 kg (reo da, mun t cong oan cha nham) Bui Nhiet tha Hi dung moi Nhiet tha 108 kg (reo da)

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Ep, say, tia da, vo mem

- Da sau khi tia, vo mem

1.070 kg

13

Thoi bong, sn say

1.070 kg 10 kg

- Da sau khi thoi bong, sn say - Da thanh pham

1.080 kg

14

Thanh pham

1.080 kg

972 kg

Phieu cong tac 6: Phan tch dong thai

Dong thai Chat thai ran ac iem dong thai - Chat thai ran gom co long, ra da, tht, m tha, bac nhac, mun nao t cac tam da. - Thanh phan chu yeu la cac chat hu c de phan huy gay mui hoi thoi neu khong c quan ly tot, ngoai ra phan long, mun nao t cac tam da neu khong thu gom tot se troi vao cong thoat gay tat nghen ng ong thoat nc. Nc thai rat a dang ve thanh phan va tnh chat, tuy thuoc va o tng cong oan san xuat khac nhau: - Nc thai t cac cong oan trc thuoc nh: ra, tay m, ngam voi, tay long co ham lng chat hu c cao (the hien chu yeu qua thong so BOD, COD), SS cao, pH cao (pH= 8 -12). - Nc thai t cong oan thuoc: ham lng chat hu c cao, nong o crom trong nc thai rat cao, pH thap (pH= 3-4). - Nc thai t cac cong oan sau thuoc: nc thai cha nhieu mau, dau nhuom, pH rat thap (pH < 3). - Kh thai phat sinh chu yeu la mui hoi thoi (H2S, NH3) do qua trnh phan huy yem kh cac chat hu c, chat thai nh mui hoi phat sinh t khu vc tap ket da song, t cac thung ngam da - Hi dung moi, hi hoa chat t cac qua trnh thuoc, sn, nhuom mau - Khoi bui thai phat sinh t cac lo say, bui phat sinh t cong oan cha nham da trc khi sn - Ngoai ra con co tieng on phat sinh do hoat ong cua cac trong quay, may xe da, may canh li, may say

Nc thai

Kh thai

3.

Bc 3: e xuat cac c hoi san xuat sach hn

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Phieu cong tac 7: Tom tat cac cong oan co phat thai va kha nang SXSH
Kha nang Cong oan Giam nguon thaI Kiem soat mat bang SX Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Khong Thay oi vat lieu Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Kiem soat quy trnh tot hn Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Khong Cai tien thiet b Khong Khong Khong Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Khong Thay oi cong nghe Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong Tuan hoan Tai s dung, tuan hoan tai cho Co Co Khong Co Khong Khong Co Khong Co Co Co Co Co Co Tao san pham phu Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co

Chuan b nguyen lieu Nao tht, m tha Tay m Ngam voi, tay long, xe da Tay voi, lam mem Ngam axt Thuoc crom Ep nc, canh li Thuoc laI, trung hoa An dau, nhuom Ham va ra Ep, say, tia da vo mem ThoI bong, sn say Thanh pham

Phieu cong tac 8: La chon cac phng an SXSH co kha nang thc hien
TT Kha nang SXSH V tr san xuat Phan loai Thc hien ngay I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 II 9 Quan ly tot mat bang san xuat Lam mang thu nc di ong Ep nc, canh li X X X Chuan b nguyen lieu Tat ca cac cong oan Tat ca cac cong oan Trong quay Tat ca cac cong oan X X X X X Can xem xet them Loai bo

Hp ly hoa cac cong oan ra nguyen Tat ca cac cong oan lieu, thiet b Xay dng khu cha hoa chat rieng biet Bo tr khu tap ket da va nao bac nhac Ve sinh nha xng Bo tr khu vc cha chat thaI rieng biet Xay dng mng thu gom nc thai Kiem tra, bao dng may moc, thiet b Thay oi nguyen lieu Thay the hoa chat Thuoc, voi

III 10 11 12 IV 13 14 15 V 15 VI 16 17 18 VI 19 20 21

Kiem soat quy trnh Kiem soat chat che cac cong oan ve sinh thiet b chong lang ph nc Kiem soat toc o quay cua trong quay Kiem soat hoa chat s dung Cai tien thiet b ToI u hoa kha nang lam viec cua cac thiet b hien co Bo sung cac thiet b o lng S dung thung tron ch Y Thay oi quy trnh cong nghe Thay the hnh thc ra lien tuc bang ra theo me Tai s dung, tuan hoan tai cho Crom Nc ra nguyen lieu au vao S dung quay vong nc voi Tao san pham phu Thu hoi dung moi tay m Thu hoi m tha, tht Thc an cho cho Thuoc Nao tht, m tha Xe da X X X Thuoc Chuan b nguyen lieu Ngam voi X X X Tat ca cac cong oan X Tat ca cac cong oan Trong quay, thuoc, voi Trong quay X X X Tat ca cac cong oan Trong quay Tat ca cac cong oan X X X

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4.

Bc 4: La chon giai phap san xuat sach hn

Phieu cong tac 9: Phan tch tnh kha thi ve ky thuat

Anh hng ve mat ky thuat Bien phap SXSH can phan tch ve mat ky thuat Lam mang thu nc di ong Hp ly hoa cac cong oan ra nguyen lieu, thiet b Xay dng mng thu gom nc thai Kiem tra, bao dng may moc, thiet b Kiem soat chat che cac cong oan ve sinh thiet b chong lang ph nc Kiem soat toc o quay cua trong quay Kiem soat hoa chat s dung ToI u hoa kha nang lam viec cua cac thiet b hien co Bo sung cac thiet b o lng S dung thung tron ch Y Thay the hnh thc ra lien tuc bang ra theo me S dung quay vong nc voi Yeu cau ky thuat + + + + + + + + + + + + Anh hng en nang suat, chat lng + + + + + + + + + Tiet kiem ve Nang lng + + + + + + + + + Vat lieu + + + + Tnh kha thi ve ky thuat chung Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co Co

Phieu cong tac 10: Phan tch tnh kha thi ve kinh te
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Bien phap SXSH can phan tch ve mat kinh te Lam mang thu nc di ong Hp ly hoa cac cong oan ra nguyen lieu, thiet b Xay dng khu cha hoa chat rieng biet Bo tr khu tap ket da va nao bac nhac Ve sinh nha xng Bo tr khu vc cha chat thai rieng biet Xay dng mng thu gom nc thai Kiem tra, bao dng may moc, thiet b Thay the hoa chat Thay the hnh thc ra lien tuc bang ra theo me Tai s dung crom Tai s dung nc ra nguyen lieu au vao S dung quay vong nc voi Thu hoi dung moi tay m Thu hoi m tha, tht Thc an cho cho au t 5 15 3 15 10 50 20 100 3 3 10 Thi gian hoan von (nam) 1 2 0.5 2 1 4 2 5 1 1 2 Mc o kha thi Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Trung bnh Trung bnh Trung bnh Cao Cao Trung bnh Cao Cao

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Phieu cong tac 11: Phan tch cac kha canh moi trng
T T Bien phap SXSH can phan tch ve kha canh moi trng Dang o nhiem ang ton tai Nc Hoa chat lan vao nc Chat thai ran chat thai ran va nc Nc Nc Nc Nc Mc o gi m t i l ng o nhi m 10% 50% 30% 20% 30% 50% 20% 50% anh gia chung ve Moi trng Cao Cao Thap Trung bnh Cao Cao Cao Cao

1 Lam mang thu nc di ong 2 Xay dng khu cha hoa chat rieng biet 3 Bo tr khu tap ket da va nao bac nhac 4 Bo tr khu vc cha chat thai rieng biet 5 Xay dng mng thu gom nc thai 6 Thay the hoa chat 7 Thay the hnh thc ra lien tuc bang ra theo me 8 Tai s dung crom

5.

Bc 5: Thc hien giai phap san xuat sach hn

Thi gian bat au thc hien (nam) 6/2007 6/2007 6/2007 7/2007 7/2007 10/2007 3/2008 6/2008 2100 2100 Li ch Kinh te Moi trng + + + + + + + + + +

Phieu cong tac 12: Ke hoach thc hien SXSH

Phng an SXSH Ngan han Bo tr lai mat bang khu vc san xuat Bo tr khu vc tap ket da va nao bac nhac t cac tam da ti rieng biet Ve sinh nha xng Bo tr khu vc cha chat thai rieng biet Bo tr khu vc cha da phen (da sau cong oan thuoc crom) rieng biet Thiet ke cac mang thu nc di ong Trung han Xay dng cac mng thu nc S dung quay vong nc voi Dai han Xay dng khu cha hoa chat rieng biet Tai s dung chrome + + + + + +

e xuat nhng giai phap san xuat sach hn kha thi nhat di ay: Bo tr lai mat bang khu vc san xuat Xay dng khu cha hoa chat rieng biet Bo tr khu vc tap ket da va nao bac nhac t cac tam da ti rieng biet Ve sinh nha xng Bo tr khu vc cha chat thai rieng biet Bo tr khu vc cha da phen rieng biet Thiet ke cac mang thu nc di ong Xay dng cac mng thu nc S dung quay vong nc voi Tai s dung chrome
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6.

Bc 6: Duy tr san xuat sach hn

Phai co s phoi hp lien nganh ma ac biet la s phoi hp gia cac c quan nghien cu ve hoa hoc, ky thuat va moi trng. Ban hanh cac hng dan ve ky thuat cu the. Ban than doanh nghiep phai nghiem tuc thc hien va theo doi tien trnh san xuat sach hn. Nang cao trnh o cho lanh ao, can bo doanh nghiep ve lnh vc san xuat sach hn. Pho bien ke hoach san xuat sach hn trong doanh nghiep.

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KET LUAN & KIEN NGH

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KET LUAN Hau het cac c s thuoc da va va nho eu nam trong khu dan c, co mat bang chat hep. Cong nghe thuoc da c oi mi theo cong nghe chung cua the gii nhng cha ap dung ay u, ac biet la khong thc hien viec phong nga va kiem soat o nhiem. Hai van e moi trng chnh la nc thai khong c x ly va lng chat thai ran can tieu huy rat ln. Viec quy hoach bo tr lai a iem cho cac c s theo chng trnh giai toa hien nay cha hp ly. Nghien cu san xuat sach hn ch mi dng lai bc phan tch la chon cac c hoi va giai phap. Ket qua nghien cu thc te va tham khao tai lieu co the ket luan SXSH la giai phap kiem soat o nhiem co chi ph thap va kha thi oi vi cac c s thuoc da va va nho.
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KIEN NGH

Cac c quan chc nang lien quan co s phoi hp quy hoach lai hp ly a iem phuc vu viec di di cac c s thuoc da. Nghien cu xay dng ke hoach phong nga va kiem soat o nhiem chung cho toan nganh thuoc da. Ho tr xay dng dng mot mo hnh san xuat ket hp cong nghe hien ai vi viec ap dung san xuat sach hn. Phai co chnh sach u ai, tr giup ve mat tai chnh e cac c s co the de dang vay von thc hien ap dung va duy tr cac giai phap SXSH.

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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Trung tam Thong tin Khoa hoc Cong nghe, Tai lieu dch t sang che nc ngoai nganh Thuoc da, 2002. 2. S Khoa hoc Cong nghe & Moi trng Tp.HCM, So tay hng dan X ly o nhiem moi trng trong san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep - Tap 3 X ly o nhiem nganh thuoc da, 1998. 3. Vien nghien cu Da-Giay, e tai nghien cu Cong nghe san xuat da bong dung cho noi a va xuat khau, 1994. 4. Vien nghien cu Da-Giay, e tai nghien cu S dung da vang trau bo e san xuat cac mat hang da vang co chat lng va gia tr cao, 1994 5. IER, Tai lieu bai giang mon hoc : ngan nga va giam thieu o nhiem cong nghiep 2006 6. TP.HCM, Khoa ao tao thu li t san xuat sach hn 2002 7. Va mot so trang web lien quan en san xuat sach hn.
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Tham kh o
Kinh nghi m s n xu t s ch hn t cc ngnh ngh khc: http://cpi.moit.gov.vn/ http://www.vncpc.org/newsandevent.asp?pid=40&nid=393 H ng d n SXSH trong ngnh bia: http://cpi.moit.gov.vn/Index.aspx?NewID=457E&CateID=261 H ng d n SXSH trong ngnh gi y: http://cpi.moit.gov.vn/Index.aspx?NewID=458E&CateID=262 H ng d n SXSH trong ngnh tinh b t s n: http://cpi.moit.gov.vn/Index.aspx?NewID=461E&CateID=264 H ng d n SXSH trong ngnh luy n thp: http://cpi.moit.gov.vn/Index.aspx?NewID=633E&CateID=271

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