Project: Water recovery from Penetrant rinse wastewater

i) Raw Rinse water after Penetrant Application

ii) Final Treated rinse water recovered for reuse

Treatment of colored waste water for Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection Process. Brief Summary Strong color waste water is one of the most difficult waste streams to treat in industrial plant. One of the sources of high colored waste stream comes from rejected rinses of the Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection process in metal parts Non-destructive inspection (NDT) process. In the FPI process, after the application of water washable penetrant, the excess penetrant are typically removed from the object surfaces by rinsing with clean water. The normal application of rinse water is by a air pressurized water spray gun. The rejected rinses are collected and stored in waste water storage tank for treatment before final disposal or recycled for reuse. In conventional wastewater treatment plants, the colored waste is normally treated using a physiochemical process using a flocculation and coagulation process. Another known treatment for penetrant colored water is by the Fenton Reagent to reduce the color content in the wastewater. Chemistry of the Fenton process. Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters. Fenton's reagent can be used to destroy organic compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). It was developed in the 1890s by Henry John Horstman Fenton. Ferrous Iron(II) is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to ferric iron(III), a hydroxyl radical and a hydroxyl anion. Iron(III) is then reduced back to iron(II), a peroxide radical and a proton by the same hydrogen peroxide (disproportionation).

Fe 2+ + H2O2 Fe 3+ + OH - + . OH Fe 3+ + H2O2 Fe 2+ + . OOH + H+ Due to the complex aromatic structure and stability of penetrant dyes, conventional biological pretreatment methods are ineffective for degradation. Also low efficiency and low reaction rate are associated with these methods caused the methods to be ineffective. Over the past years, a number of physical and chemical techniques had been reported for the treatment of dye effluent including electrochemical oxidation, active sludge, flocculation, reverse osmosis and adsorption on activated carbon. However, the success of thes process is limited and very often the treatment cannot be sustained throughout the expected industrial lifespan. The development of novel treatment methods deviating from the Fenton Reagent process had encompasses investigations of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which are characterized by production of the hydroxyl radical (OH) as a primary oxidant. Coagulation cannot remove highly soluble dyes and it may be good for disperse dyes, but it produces a large quantity of sludge. The Fenton Reagent process is effective only within a narrow pH range, for example pH<3.5. Applying ozonation alone is not effective for some dispersed dyes. A combination of these processes is therefore necessary to achieve the desirable goal of removing the organic dyestuff from the water.. Advance Oxidation Process: AOPS processes are combination of ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV irradiation, which showed the greatest promise to treat colored wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/H2O2, O3/UV, H2O2/UV, O3/H2O2/UV, Fe2+/ H2O2 for the degradation of non-biodegradable organic contaminants in industrial effluents are attractive alternatives to conventional treatment methods. AOP is based on the generation of very reactive and oxidizing free radicals have been used with an increasing interest due to the high oxidant power. Production of those radicals is achieved either using single oxidants or combinations of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation. OZONE (O3) Ozone is a powerful oxidant agent for water and wastewater. Once dissolved in water, ozone reacts with a great number of organic compounds in two different ways: by direct oxidation as molecular ozone or by indirect reaction through formation of secondary oxidants like hydroxyl radical. The conventional fine bubble contactor is the most widely ozone generator used because of the high ozone transfer efficiency (90%) and high performance. Ozone application can be generalized into two; a powerful disinfection and a strong oxidant to remove color and odour, eliminating trace toxic synthetic organic compounds and assisting in coagulation. O3/H2O2 (PEROXONE) The addition of both hydrogen peroxide and ozone to wastewater accelerates the decomposition of ozone and enhances production of the hydroxyl radical. At acidic pH, H2O2 reacts only very slowly with O3 whereas at pH values above 5 a strong acceleration of O3 decomposition by H2O2 has been observed. At higher pH, even very small concentration of H2O2 will be dissociated into HO2 ions that can initiate the ozone decomposition more effectively than OH ions. Some research had documented that H2O2/O3 treatment of synthetic dyestuff highly depended on the pH of the effluent. They have documented 74% ozone absorption at pH 11.5 and 10 mM H2O2 whereas at the same concentration of H2O2 and pH 2.5, ozone absorption was only 11%. This phenomenon could be attributed to the fact that the higher the pH, the more H2O2 will be dissociated into HO2 ions. As a result, the ozone decomposition rate will increase with increasing pH.

AOPs have significant advantages over conventional treatment methods since chemical oxidation do not result in high amount of either chemical or biological sludge and almost complete demineralization of organics is possible. In the past, the main handicap with AOPs lies in the high cost of reagents or energy sources likes ultraviolet light. However, with modern technology, this has resulted in the lowering of equipment cost and higher efficiencies from the treatment equipment are developed to make AOP as a mainstay of the wastewater treatment processes. AOPs using ozone dissolved in fine micro bubble water and with H2O2 addition had resulted in over 95 % removal for both COD and color.