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chrysler
172.16.0.254
eth1
jeep
u.edu network 172.16.0.1
network 172.16.0.0 eth0
netmask 255.255.0.0
dodge eagle plymouth

172.16.0.7 172.16.0.34 172.16.0.128
eth1 eth0 eth0
viper
172.16.1.1 cs.u.edu subnet
eth0 network 172.16.1.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
stealth neon ram intrepid

172.16.1.4 172.16.1.5 172.16.1.6 172.16.1.16
eth0 eth0 eth0 eth0
dodge/viper routes between cs.u.edu and u.edu networks

chrysler/jeep routes between u.edu network and the rest of the Internet
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¸
Application Packet arrives
generates traffic at device
Sends packet Packet No

to socket for host? Drops packet
Sends packet to
transport layer Yes
Sends packet to
network layer
Sends packet to
network layer
Forward No
packet? Drops packet
Internally Externally
Sends packet to Network Layer Looks up route

In N
transport layer to destination Database
(IP) Cache?
Lookup
Y
Install in
Return
Cache
entry
Sends packet Sends packet
to socket to device
Puts packet in Transmits packet

application buffer
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cb TCP per-packet control information
len actual data length
csum checksum
protocol packet network protocol
truesize buffer size
head pointer to head of buffer
data pointer to data head
tail pointer to tail
end pointer to end
destructor pointer to destruct function
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Network Structure:
Internet
chrysler
172.16.0.254
u.edu network jeep

network 172.16.0.0 172.16.0.1
netmask 255.255.0.0
dodge eagle plymouth

172.16.0.7 172.16.0.34 172.16.0.128
eth1
viper
172.16.1.1 cs.u.edu subnet
netmask 255.255.255.0
stealth neon ram intrepid

172.16.1.4 172.16.1.5 172.16.1.6 172.16.1.16
dodge/viper Routing Tables:

Neighbor Table: FIB Table: Routing Cache:
(host (zone (address/protocol/device)
device/protocol) address/device)
stealth (MAC address) 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.4/IP/eth0

eth0/ethernet host / eth0 (itself) 172.16.1.5/IP/eth0
neon (MAC address) host / eth1 (itself) 172.16.0.1/IP/eth1
eth0/ethernet 255.255.0.0 207.25.71.20/IP/eth1
chrysler (MAC address) 172.16.0.0 / eth1 204.71.200.245/IP/eth1
eth1/ethernet
255.255.255.0
172.16.1.0 / eth0
(has not exchanged traffic 255.0.0.0 (loopback) (has exchanged traffic with
with other hosts - like 127.0.0.0 / lo with stealth and neon and
ram - recently or they 0.0.0.0 (default router) sent traffic through jeep/
would also be in this table) 0 / eth1 chrysler to the Internet)

"!#%$
&'
Neighbor Table Parameters
(struct neigh_table) (struct neigh_parms)
Neighbors
(struct neighbour)
(struct Pneigh
neigh_table) (struct pneigh_entry)
(32 entries)
(struct
(16 entries)
neigh_table) .
. .
. .
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Netmask Table Network Zones Network Information
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0.0.0.0
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8000 zone info
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10.0.0.0
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Netmask Table Network Zones Network Information
(struct fn_hash) (struct fn_zone) (struct fib_node) (struct fib_info)
fn_zones[0] fn_key
tb_data fz_next fib_protocol
fn_zones[1] fz_hash fn_key fib_metrics
fn_zones[2] fz_mask fib_nh[]
...
(struct fn_key
fib_table) fn_zones[32] fz_next
fn_zone_list fz_hash fn_key fib_protocol
fz_mask
Main/Local Tables fn_key fib_metrics
fib_nh[]
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routing routing source
info info router
destination
(empty) TOS
statistics
routing routing routing header
pointers
info info info cache
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Hash Table Route Chains
(struct rtable) (struct rtable) (struct rtable)
empty
(struct rtable)
{ (struct dst_cache) { (struct dst_cache)
*rt_next} u *rt_next} u
Table Entries (256)
rt_dst rt_dst
rt_src rt_src Routing Info
rt_gateway rt_gateway
key key
. Address Information
.
.
empty
(struct rtable)
jQklmn oqprtsufv+wimxykzl|{~}ioN}"x}xynmxymnonoH}"xykwz kr
Route Chain Link Routing Info

(struct rtable) (struct dst_ops)
{ dst Jump
(struct dst_cache) Table (struct neighbor)
Neighbor
Route
*rt_next} u
rt_dst Network
rt_src Interface
rt_gateway Hardware (struct device)
key
Header
(struct hh_cache)
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VLAN 1
dodge eagle
Ethernet Switch
172.16.0.7 172.16.0.34
network 172.16.1.0
eth1 eth0
netmask 255.255.255.0
viper
172.16.1.1
netmask 255.255.0.0
VLAN 2 neon
172.16.1.5
eth0
dodge/viper routes between subnets

Switch acts as two Virtuals LANs (VLANS) for subnets
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Ping-Pong Test (packets for eagle dropped)
60
5 byte packet standard
500 byte packet standard
50 5 byte packets (neon-eagle)
500 byte packets (neon-eagle)
5 byte packets (eagle-neon)
500 byte packets(eagle-neon)
RTT (milliseconds)
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
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Loss (%)
Blast Test (packets for eagle dropped)

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12 5 byte packets standard (neon-eagle)
500/1500 byte packet standard
5 bytes (neon-eagle)
10 500 bytes (neon-eagle)
Throughput (Mbits/second)
1500 bytes (neon-eagle)

5 bytes (eagle-neon)
500 bytes (eagle-neon)
8 1500 bytes (eagle-neon)
0
0 5 10 15 20
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