Playing Surface Cover Design Calculations

DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Broughton Down Nether Wallop Stockbridge Hants
Page 1 23/08/10
Job Ref Project Location
Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.
The following calculations are for a proposed 24m wide x 57.5m long barrel vaulted roof portal structure at Portchester School Bournemouth. Description: Main portal frames are positioned at 5.7m ctrs to provide a clear internal play area 22.9m wide x 56.4m long. The main frames comprise of Universal Beam side stanchions with curved lattice girder portal rafters. The roof cladding is twin skin fabric with lightweight internal insulation. The fabric is tensioned against lattice girders mounted at the eaves. Stability girders are provided between the curved lattice girder portal rafters. Lateral stability is by portal frame action, and longitudinal stability with diagonal tubular bracing in the end bays. A central braced bay provides anchorage for tensioning of the roof fabric. Single skin profiled external side and gable cladding is fixed to cold rolled side rails. An internal fabric curtain lines the internal faces of the building. A free standing low level impact wall protects the side and gable walls. The roof drains into eaves mounted box gutters with pvc downpipes. Concrete foundations are designed by others, the frames and gable posts being bolted to the concrete with holding down bolts adjustable in tubes. Loading cases considered: Unfactored Dead Loads including services Self weight Steel Frame Imposed Load to BS EN 1991 0.6 kN/m2 Wind Loads to BS EN 1991:
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The wind loads are calculated using data from BS6399 based on the following:
Site Altitude 25.0m
v b. map = 21.8 m/sec. C dir = 1.0 for wind on gable and 0.82 for wind on side. C season = 1.0 C prob = 1.0
z = 13.15m
A = 25.0m
C alt = 1 + 0.001*25*(10/13.15)^0.2 = 1.024
v b. = (1.0*1.0*1.0)*1.024 * 21.8 = 22.32 m/sec.

And q
b
= 0.613 * 22.32^2 = 0.305 kN/m2 for wind on gable, and
v b. = (0.82*1.0*1.0)*1.024 * 21.8 = 18.31 m/sec. q b = 0.613 * 18.31^2 = 0.206 kN/m2 for wind on side.
Category I terrain. (open playing fields) Wind on gable, upwind distance to shoreline = 32.5 km Wind on side, upwind distance to shoreline = 3.5 km For gable wind, c e (z) = 2.58 For side wind, c e (z) = 2.78 from figure NA.7
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For gable wind, q p = 2.58 * 0.305 = 0.787 kN/m2 For side wind, q p = 2.78 * 0.206 = 0.573 kN/m2
Wind on side:
f / d = 3.0 / 24.0 = 0.125 h / d = 10 / 24 = 0.417 < 0.5

from figure NA11 for zone A, C from figure NA12 for zone B, C from NA21.29, for zone C, C
pe,10
l / d = 57.5 / 24.0 = 2.396
= + 0.2 (pressure) = -0.55 (suction)
pe,10
pe,10
= -0.5 (suction)
Wind on gable:
e = smallest value of b or 2 * h (ridge ht) i.e. 24.0m
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e / 4 = 6.0m
e / 10 = 2.4m
e / 2 = 12.0m
The diagram indicates lower areas of roof suction loading towards the downwind areas of the structure (I) under gable wind loading. However, the frames are designed for zone (H) loading in all cases. Dome roof pitch varies from 28 at eaves to 0 at ridge. Hence C
pe,10
= between -0.8(suction) at eaves and -0.7(suction) at ridge.
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Side Walls: For wind on gables, with e = 2*h = 20m, and d = 57.5m, and h/d = 0.174 < 0.25
e/5 = 4.0m Zone A, C Zone C, C

pe,10
4/5 e = 16.0m = -1.2 (suction) = -0.5 (suction)
d e = 37.5m Zone B, C
pe,10
= -0.8 (suction)
pe,10
For wind on sides, with e = 2*h = 26m, and d = 24m, and h/d = 0.54 > 0.25 Windward Zone, C
pe,10
= +0.8 (pressure)
Leeward Zone, C
pe,10
= -0.5 (suction)
building height < 15m C s Cd = 1.0
[6.2 (1) a ]
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Gable Walls: For wind on sides, with e = 2*h = 26m, and d = 24m, and h/d = 0.542 > 0.25
e/5 = 5.2m Zone A, C

pe,10
d e/5 = 18.8m = -1.2 (suction) Zone B, C

pe,10
= -0.8 (suction)
For wind on gables, with e = 2*h = 20m, and d = 57.5m, and h/d = 0.174 < 0.25 Windward Zone, C
pe,10
= +0.8 (pressure)
Leeward Zone, C
pe,10
= -0.5 (suction)
building height < 15m C s Cd = 1.0
[6.2 (1) a ]
Internal Pressure Coefficient C
pi,10
= more onerous of +0.2 and -0.3.
For principal frames, load w is given by w = (C

pe
+ C
pi
) *qp*s
where s = frame centres, 5.7m
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Wind Load Case 2 : Side Wind + Internal Pressure. Wind Load Case 1: Side Wind + Internal Suction.
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Wind Load Case 3: Gable Wind + Internal Suction.
Permanent Loads: Self weight frame plus: Roof Cladding 0.03 kN/m2 * bay width 5.7m = 0.171 kN/m say 0.2 with ties etc. Side walls and cladding rails allow 0.35 kN/m2 * bay width 5.7m = 2.0 kN/m Variable Imposed Load: 0.6 kN/m2 * bay width 5.7m = 3.42 kN/m (on plan)
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From Computer Analysis: At Serviceability Limit State, Deflection of frame: 1.0 * Dead + 1.0 * Imposed :
23.6 = h / 408
58.8 = S / 389
both satisfactory.
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At Serviceability Limit State, Deflection of frame:
1.0 * Side Wind (WL2) (critical for deflection)
79.9
= h / 120
33.6 = S / 682
both satisfactory.
(Refer to NCC! Practical Deflection Limits for Single Storey Buildings) u max = h / 100 for steel clad buildings in UK. > 79.9
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Side Column at ULS:
1.35 * Permanent + 1.50 * Variable Imposed:
Side Column at ULS:
1.0 * Permanent + 1.50 * Variable Wind on Side + Int P:
(Critical Cases)
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At ULS, maximum forces in top and bottom truss chords is given in:
Maximum axial compression force = 208 kN with 4.1 kN shear and 1.24 kNm bending. Add P. effect of curvature, bending moment becomes 1.24 - 208 * 0.019 = -2.71 kNm
A = 12.48 cm2 Iy = 101 cm4 Iz = 157 cm4
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Reinforce locally with 2/ 30x30x3.0 SHS bars:
A = 18.06 cm2 Iy = 198 cm4 Iz = 176 cm4
Check reinforced top chord members for combined axial and bending between restraints:
Distance between restraints = 5.9m.
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Distance between lattice nodes = 1.5m max. Maximum compression = 207 kN with 0.443 kNm bending moment. (member 24) At centre of member 24, sagging moment = 1.07 kNm, counteracted by P. effect of curvature, bending moment becomes 1.07 - 207 * 0.019 = -2.86 kNm hogging moment. For S275 steel, and t < 16mm, fy = 275 N/mm2
= (235 / 275)^0.5 = 0.924
c = h 3t = 110 - 3 * 3.0 = 101 mm
c / t = 101 / 3 = 33.7
33.7 > 30.49 and < 35.1 therefore section is Class 2 under combined bending and axial load about y-y axis Partial factors for resistance:
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satisfactory Check unstiffened top and bottom chords:
Maximum axial compression force = 152 kN with 1.4 kN shear and 0.80 kNm bending.
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Add P. effect of curvature, bending moment becomes 0.80 + 152 * 0.0041 = 1.423 kNm at mid point. 1.51 kNm at node is critical.
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satisfactory Page 18
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Check double 30x30x3.0 SHS internals:
Element 72: L = 1200mm
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Check single 30x30x3.0 SHS internals: (type R3)
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Check single 40x30x3.0 SHS internals:
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Curved Truss Jointing plates:
M2 = 1.25 F t,Rd (M12 grade 8.8 bolt) = 48.6 kN
Intermediate splice:
Tension connection category D: non pre-loaded
Maximum tension in top chord at splice at ULS = 98 kN Maximum tension in bottom chord at splice at ULS = 137 kN
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Eaves Joint Connection: Maximum tension in top chord at eaves joint at ULS = 122 kN Maximum tension in bottom chord at splice at ULS = 173 kN
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200x12 plate satisfactory with 6/ M12 bolts top and bottom @ 155 ctrs x 85 vert.
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Use same end plate for all connections: check geometry: min min max spacing max spacing
e 1 = 1.2 * d 0 = 1.2 * 14 = 16.8 mm < 23 ok e 2 = 1.2 * d 0 = 1.2 * 14 = 16.8 mm < 22.5 ok p 1 = 14 * t p 2 = 14 * t

= 14 * 12 = 168 mm = 14 * 12 = 168 mm > 95 ok > 155 ok
geometry conforms to requirements of EN 1993-1-8: 2005 3.5 (1)
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Side and gable rails:
Side rails span 5.7m generally, Gable rails span 5.75m. Maximum side wall pressure = +0.63 kN/m2 pressure and -0.80 kN/m2 suction. In end bay, where high local pressure coefficients, Wind on gable with internal pressure:
Maximum gable wall pressure: Cpe = 0.8 Cpi = -0.3 q = 0.787. Maximum gable wall suction: Wind on gable, int'l pressure, Cpe = -0.5 Cpi =+0.2 q = 0.787. Wind on side, int'l pressure, Cpe = -1.2 Cpi =+0.2 q = 0.573. max suction = (1.2 + 0.2) * 0.573 = 0.802 kN/m2 (critical) max suction = (0.5 + 0.2) * 0.787 = 0.551 kN/m2 max pressure = (0.8 + 0.3) * 0.787 = 0.866 kN/m2
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Cladding single skin box rib (reversed) profile From manufacturer's data,
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Max pressure = 0.866 kN/m2 Max suction = - 1.10 kN/m2 (end bays) or - 0.802 kN/m2 Use rails at max. 1.9m ctrs (multispan) generally, and 1.5m ctrs in end bays, subject to setting out.
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Cold Rolled Side Rails: From BW Industries published capacity tables, interpolating between 5.5m and 6.0m spans based on maximum rail centres = 1.9m,
sleeved side rail table. Use 201-15 profile lipped zed in all locations. (working load = 1.363 kN/m2 max) at 1.9m vertical ctrs and 5.75m span.
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End side rail bays are single span spaced at max. 1.5m ctrs. From BW Industries published capacity tables,
single span load table for max rail ctrs = 1.5m, by interpolation, for 201-15 zed profile, working load capacity = 1.145 kN/m2 ok > 1.10 Cold Rolled Eaves Beams:
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Vertical load (cladding + gutter + water + self wt ) = 0.05 * 1.9 / 2 + 0.02 + 0.1 + 0.6 + 0.07 = 0.84 kN/m Horizontal load (wind) = 1.1 * 1.5 / 2 = 0.83 kN/m Vertical load (wind) = 1.3 * 0.787 * 1.2 say = 1.23 kN/m (suction) Vertical load (imposed) = 0.6 * 1.2 say = 0.72 kN/m (down) Max unfactored BM = (0.84 + 0.72) * 5.7^2 / 8 = 6.34 kNm Try 20020 Eaves Beam - maximum bending stress = 6.34 * 10^3 / 46.43 = 136.5 N/mm2 Maximum unfactored deflection = 5 * (0.84 + 0.72) * 5.7^4 * 10^3 / (384 * 2.05 * 464.3) = 22.5 mm = span / 250 ok Use 20020 Eaves Beam. With 2/ restraints at 1/3rd span points.
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Internal Curtain support: Curtain weight 1 kg/m2 Drop = 7.0m approx. load / m = 0.07 kN/m plus self wt and track = 0.15 kN/m I required for d < span / 250 (say) = 5 * 0.15 * 5.7^4 * 10^3 / (384 * 2.1 * 22.8) = 43.1 cm4 Try 1411 C section (3.39 kg/m) or 12715 C section (3.22 kg/m) at uls maximum bending moment = 0.15 * 1.35 * 5.7^2 / 8 = 0.822 kNm maximum elastic stress assuming restraint against lateral torsional buckling = 0.822 * 10^3 / 19.87 = 41.4 N/mm2 for 1411 C section 0.822 * 10^3 / 17.26 = 47.6 N/mm2 for 12715 C section both satisfactory. - use 12715 C for economy.
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Gable Posts:
305x165UKB40 outer posts:
Wind load on gable wall: a) wind on side q = 0.573 kN/m2 5.701m bay external coefficient = -1.2 internal pressure coefficient = +0.2 from 5.701m bay suction = (1.2 + 0.2) * 0.573 * 5.701 / 2 = 2.29 kN/m from 5.75m bay suction = (0.8 + 0.2) * 0.573 * 5.75 / 2 = 1.63 kN/m total = 2.29 + 1.63 = 3.92 kN/m.
5.75m bay external coefficient = -0.8
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b) Wind on gable q = 0.787 kN/m2 max ext'l pressure coefficient = +0.8 with int'l pressure coeff -0.3 pressure = (0.8 + 0.3) * 0.787 * (5.701 + 5.75) / 2 = 4.96 kN/m
min ext'l pressure coefficient = -0.5 with int'l pressure coeff +0.2 suction = (0.5 + 0.2) * 0.787 * (5.701 + 5.75) / 2 2 = 3.15 kN/m
hence max pressure load = 4.96 kN/m and max suction = 3.92 kN/m
Maximum bending moment at ULS = 4.96 * 1.5 * 12.0^2 / 8 = 134 kNm (compression flange restrained by cladding) Maximum bending moment at ULS = 3.92 * 1.5 * 12.0^2 / 8 = 106 kNm (compression flange unrestrained)
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Unrestrained buckling resistance moment = 37.7 kNm < 106 therefore provide diagonal restraints at 1/3rd points approx. Distance between restraints = 3.8m
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Satisfactory Check deflection at sls: max deflection = 5 * 4.96 * 12.0^4 * 10^3 / (384 * 2.1 * 8550) = 74.6mm satisfactory Use 305x165UKB40kg/m gable posts with 2 / rows restraints @ 3.8m ctrs
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356x171UKB45 central posts:
Wind load on gable wall: a) wind on side q = 0.573 kN/m2 5.75m bay external coefficient = -0.8 internal pressure coefficient = +0.2 from 5.75m bay suction = (0.8 + 0.2) * 0.573 * 5.75 = 3.29 kN/m
b) Wind on gable q = 0.787 kN/m2 max ext'l pressure coefficient = +0.8 with int'l pressure coeff -0.3 pressure = (0.8 + 0.3) * 0.787 * 5.75 = 4.98 kN/m
min ext'l pressure coefficient = -0.5 with int'l pressure coeff +0.2 suction = (0.5 + 0.2) * 0.787 * 5.75 = 3.17 kN/m
hence max pressure load = 4.98 kN/m and max suction = 3.29 kN/m
Maximum bending moment at ULS = 4.98 * 1.5 * 12.6^2 / 8 = 148 kNm (compression flange restrained by cladding) Maximum bending moment at ULS = 3.29 * 1.5 * 12.6^2 / 8 = 98 kNm (compression flange unrestrained)
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provide diagonal restraints at 3 rows rails at centre. Distance between restr'ts = 1.9m
170 > 148 ok. Page 44
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Check from bottom restraint to base:
bending moment at bottom restraint = 0.9 * 148 = 133.2 kNm < 137.7 ok Check deflection at sls: max deflection = 5 * 4.98 * 12.6^4 * 10^3 / (384 * 2.1 * 12100) = 64.35mm satisfactory Use 305x165UKB40kg/m gable posts with 3 / rows restraints @ 1.9m ctrs
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Roof Bracing: Load at top of centre gable post = 4.98 * 13.0 / 2 = 32.4 kN Load at tops of outer gable post = 4.96 * 12.3 / 2 = 30.5 kN (characteristic) (reacted into restraint nodes 21.0 kN / 9.5 kN)
max tension in brace = (32.4 * 0.5 + 21) * 7.012 / 5.615 = 46.5 kN or (32.4 * 0.5 + 21 + 9.5) * 6.27 / 5.615 = 52.2 kN ***** governs
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20 mm dia bar area = 314 mm2
= 314 * 275 / 1.0 = 86.35 kN > 52.2 * 1.5 (= 78.3 kN)
= 0.9 * 314 * 430 / 1.0 = 121.52 kN > 52.2 * 1.5 (= 78.3 kN) satisfactory use 20 diameter soid round bar bracing with suitable turnbuckles.
Vertical bracing:
139 dia. X 5.0 thick CHS.
Load from roof bracing = (32.4 * 0.5 + 21 + 9.5) = 46.7 kN udl on corner column = (0.8 + 0.3) * 0.787 * 3.3 = 2.86 kN/m
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horizontal reaction = 101 kN vertical reaction = 156 kN maximum brace load =116.2 kN (bottom brace) 97.6 kN (upper braces) Brace length = 6.5m. At ULS, brace load = 116.2 * 1.5 = 174.3 kN
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Satisfactory use 139 dia. X 5.0 thick CHS. (Use 2/ M20 grade 8.8 bolts in 12 thick tabs at ends.)
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Tubular eaves ties - 114 dia x 3.6 CHS maximum compression in tie at ULS = 46.7 * 1.5 = 70.0 kN Effective length = 5.615m
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Satisfactory use 114 dia x 3.6 CHS eaves restraint ties. In 5700 bays where only providing column head restraint, l / ry max = 180 min ry req'd = 5700 / 180 = 31.7mm
use 114 dia x 3.6 CHS column head restraint ties.
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Tubular Eaves Tie detail.
Restraint Girders: Lattice girders provided as necessary to restrain top and bottom chords against buckling. Also used in end bays to transfer gable post wind loads into roof bracing system. Maximum load in chord = 32.4 * 1.5 = 48.6 kN at ULS. System length about major axis under this load = 5.615m System length about minor axis under this load = 5.615 / 3 = 1.870 m
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151.81 > 48.6 ok Use 80x60x3 copriscopri profile for top and bottom chords of restraints.
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Eaves tensioning girder: iy required = 28.5mm Use 80x60x3 copriscopri profile for top and bottom chords of tensioning girder. Internals 30x30x3.0 SHS
Tension force = max 1.0 kN/m (advised). Maximum bending moment at ULS = 1.0 * 1.5 * 5.2^2 / 8 = 5.07 kNm 5.07 * 10^3 / 324 = 15.6 N/mm2 bending stress Force in chord at uls = 5.07 / 0.17 = 29.82 kN compare with restraint girder, axial compression resistance > 29.82 ok.
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Playing Surface Cover Design Calculations

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DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Broughton Down Nether Wallop Stockbridge Hants

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Site Altitude 25.0m

C alt = 1 + 0.001*25*(10/13.15)^0.2 = 1.024

v b. = (1.0*1.0*1.0)*1.024 * 21.8 = 22.32 m/sec.

= 0.613 * 22.32^2 = 0.305 kN/m2 for wind on gable, and

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

f / d = 3.0 / 24.0 = 0.125 h / d = 10 / 24 = 0.417 < 0.5

l / d = 57.5 / 24.0 = 2.396

= + 0.2 (pressure) = -0.55 (suction)

e = smallest value of b or 2 * h (ridge ht) i.e. 24.0m

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

= between -0.8(suction) at eaves and -0.7(suction) at ridge.

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

e/5 = 4.0m Zone A, C Zone C, C

4/5 e = 16.0m = -1.2 (suction) = -0.5 (suction)

building height < 15m C s Cd = 1.0

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

e/5 = 5.2m Zone A, C

d e/5 = 18.8m = -1.2 (suction) Zone B, C

building height < 15m C s Cd = 1.0

Internal Pressure Coefficient C

= more onerous of +0.2 and -0.3.

For principal frames, load w is given by w = (C

where s = frame centres, 5.7m

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Wind Load Case 3: Gable Wind + Internal Suction.

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

At Serviceability Limit State, Deflection of frame:

1.0 * Side Wind (WL2) (critical for deflection)

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Side Column at ULS:

1.35 * Permanent + 1.50 * Variable Imposed:

Side Column at ULS:

1.0 * Permanent + 1.50 * Variable Wind on Side + Int P:

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

A = 12.48 cm2 Iy = 101 cm4 Iz = 157 cm4

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

Reinforce locally with 2/ 30x30x3.0 SHS bars:

A = 18.06 cm2 Iy = 198 cm4 Iz = 176 cm4

Distance between restraints = 5.9m.

Job Ref Project Location

Portchester School Bournemouth Playing surface cover Design Calculations.

= (235 / 275)^0.5 = 0.924

c = h 3t = 110 - 3 * 3.0 = 101 mm

C alt = 1 + 0.00125(10/13.15)^0.2 = 1.024

v b. = (1.01.01.0)1.024 21.8 = 22.32 m/sec.