Professional Documents
Culture Documents
=
Vi: L
v
: chi ca vt phn bit (cd/m
2
)
L
n
: chi ca nn (cd/m
2
)
t|ng phn gia vt phn bit vi nn |c tnh l:
- Ln, khi K ln hn 0,5 (vt v nn c chi khc nhau rt r nt);
- Trung bnh, khi K t 0,2 n 0,5 (vt v nn c chi khc nhau r nt);
- Nh, khi K nh hn 0,2 (c chi khc nhau t).
7. Chiu sng s c - Chiu sng lm vic tip tc, khi do s c mt in chiu sng
lm vic.
8. Chiu sng phn tn ng|i - Chiu sng cho ng|i thot ra ngoi khu vc c s
c gy mt in chiu sng lm vic.
9. Chiu sng bo v - Chiu sng dc theo gii hn khu vc (hoc cng trnh) cn phi
bo v trong thi gian ban m.
10. Chiu sng chung - Chiu sng bo m cho b mt lm vic v cc mt quanh n c
iu kin sng gn nh| nhau (chiu sng chung u) hoc chiu sng chung c phn
b n theo b tr ca thit b, to cho mt lm vic c ri cao hn (chiu sng
chung khu vc).
11. Chiu sng ti ch (cc b) - Chiu sng tng c|ng cho mt s v tr, c th l ti v
tr lm vic b sung cho chiu sng chung.
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
12. Chiu sng hn hp - Chiu sng chung kt hp vi chiu sng ti ch (cc b).
13. Lo phn x - Lo khi trong tr|ng nhn c cc vt phn x g|ng hay cc hnh nh
phn x thy |c nhng h|ng gn vi h|ng nhn.
14. ri tr - c tnh bo ho nh sng trong phng |c xc nh bng mt quang
thng trung bnh trn mt tr ca khi tr t thng ng trong phng c bn knh
v chiu cao tin ti khng.
Khi thit k, ri tr |c xc nh theo ph lc 4.
15. Ch s chi lo mt tin nghi (M) - Ch tiu nh gi chi lo mt tin nghi gy ra cm
gic kh chu trong tr|ng hp chi phn b khng gn nh| nhau trong tr|ng
nhn, |c xc nh bng cng thc sau:
5 , 0
5 , 0
.
.
tn o
c
L
W L
M
=
Vi: L
c
- chi ca ngun chi lo (cd.m
2
)
o
- Ch s xc nh v tr ca ngun chi lo so vi h|ng nhn.
W - Gc khi ca ngun chi lo
L
tn
- chi thch nghi
Khi thit k, ch s chi lo mt tin nghi |c xc nh theo ph lc 5.
16. Ch s chi lo (P) - Ch tiu nh gi tc ng lo do h thng chiu sng gy ra,
|c xc nh bng cng thc sau:
P = (S - 1) . 1000
S - H s chi lo
2
1
V
V
S =
V
1
- nhn r ca vt quan st khi khng c ngun gy chi lo
V
2
- nhn r ca vt quan st khi c ngun gy chi lo nm trong tr|ng nhn.
17. Nhit mu - Nhit ca vt bc x ton phn (hay cn gi l vt en) c cng
mu vi vt cn xem xt.
18. S truyn t mu - S nh h|ng ca ph ngun sng ti nhn bit bng mt cc vt
mu so vi nhn bit cng cc vt ny khi |c chiu sng bng cc ngun sng
chun.
19. Ch s truyn mu - Mc t|ng |ng gia nhn bit bng mt vt mu |c chiu
sng bng ngun sng th v ngun sng chun trong nhng iu kin quan st nht
nh.
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
Ph lc 2
Chn c tnh mu sc ca ngun sng theo cng vic
c im ca cng
vic
ri
theo h
thng
chiu
sng
chung
to ra
(Lx)
Ch s
truyn
mu
nh
nht
ca
ngun
sng
(Ra)
Di nhit
mu ca
ngun sng
(
0
K)
V d v loi ngun sng c
c tnh mu sc nh| nu
ct 3 v ct 4
1 2 3 4 5
Kim tra mu sc ca
vt vi yu cu phn
bit mu rt cao (V
d: Kim tra thnh
phm ca cc ca hng
may mc, phn loi da,
chn mu in b
phn in mu, phng
bc s v.v...)
T 300
tr ln
90 5.000-6.500
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng lnh c ci tin v truyn
mu, bng n hunh quang nh
sng ban ngy c ci tin v
truyn mu, bng n hunh
quang nh sng ban ngy c ci
tin v truyn mu v b sung
thm bc x cc tm.
So snh mu sc ca
cc vt vi yu cu
phn bit mu cao (V
d: |m da ct cho
phn trn ca giy, b
phn ct may ca ca
hng may mc, ca
hng chuyn doanh v
thc phm v.v...)
T 300
tr ln
85 4.000-6.500 Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng c ci tin v truyn mu,
bng n hunh quang nh sng
ban ngy c ci tin v truyn
mu, bng n hunh quang nh
sng ban ngy c ci tin v
truyn mu v b sung thm bc
x cc tm (bng n hunh
quang nh sng trng c ci tin
v truyn mu).
Phn bit vt mu khng
cn kim tra mu v so
mu (V d: lp rp my
thu thanh, qun dy,
ng ba, ng sch,
phng n v.v...)
T 300
tr ln
T 150
n 300
Nh hn
150
85
55
55
4.000-6.500
3.000-4.500
2700-3500
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng (bng n hunh quang nh
sng trng lnh, bng n hunh
quang nh sng trng c ci tin v
truyn mu).
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng (bng n hunh quang nh
sng trng c ci tin v truyn
mu).
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng (bng n nung sng).
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
1 2 3 4 5
Cng vic tin hnh
vi cc vt khng sc
(v d: rn kim loi
bng c kh, gia cng
cc cht do, lp my
v cc dng c , cc
c quan hnh chnh s
nghip v.v...)
T 3000
tr ln
T 150
n 300
Nh hn
1.0
55
50
45
3500- 6000
3000-4500
2700-3500
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng, bng n halgen kim loi
(bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng lnh, bng n hunh
quang nh sng trng c ci tin
v truyn mu).
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng, (bng n hunh quang
nh sng trng lnh, bng n
hunh quang nh sng trng c
ci tin v truyn mu).
Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng (Bng n hunh quang
nh sng trng c ci tin v
truyn mu, bng n nung
sng)
Quan st ton phng
(phng gii lao, snh
vo, gian khn gi ca
nh ht, rp chiu
bng v.v...)
T 1.0
tr ln
55 2700 - 4000 Bng n hunh quang nh sng
trng (bng n hunh quang
nh sng trng c ci tin v
truyn mu, bng n hunh
quang nh sng trng nng c
ci tin v truyn mu, bng n
nung sng).
Ch thch: Nhng ngun sng |c nu trong ngoc l nhng ngun sng c hiu qu t
hn.
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
Ph lc 3
Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x t mt lm vic c c tnh
phn x g|ng v phn x hn hp khi phi thc hin nhng cng vic cp I III
Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x
c im cng vic
Ngun
sng
chiu
sng mt
lm vic
n
chi ca
b mt pht
sng ca n
chiu sng ti
ch (cc b)
cd/m
2
x10
3
V tr t
n chiu
sng ti
ch (cc
b) so vi
mt lm
vic v
ng|i lm
vic
Mc nhn thy s
t|ng quan gia
chi ca vt vi nn
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cng vic lm vi nhng
b mt kim loi, cht do
c (v d nh| phi phn
bit nhng vt x|c, vt
nt v nhng khuyt tt
khc trn b mt cc vt,
cc chi tit v.v...)
Bng n
hunh
quang
n
c b
phn
tn x
nh
sng
T 2,5 n 4
B mt
pht sng
ca n
phi |c
phn x t
mt lm
vic theo
h|ng
nhn ca
ng|i lm
vic
(hnh.1)
chi ca vt cn
phn bit nh hn
chi ca nn
Cng vic lm vi nhng
b mt mu ti bng cht
do, gm v cc vt liu
khc (v d nh| phi pht
hin nhng khuyt tt trn
a ht hoc nhng sn
phm cao su cng nghip
v.v...)
Bng n
nung sng
n
nh
sng
trc
tip
khng
c b
phn
tn x
nh
sng
T 70 n 400
B mt
pht sng
ca n
phn x
g|ng t
mt lm
vic
khng
|c trng
vi h|ng
nhn ca
ng|i lm
vic
(hnh.2)
chi ca vt cn
phn bit ln hn
chi ca nn.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
Cng vic i hi phi
phn bit vt c tnh phn
x, tn x trn nn tn x
nh sng, d|i mt lp
vt liu c th nhn qua
|c (v d nh| c ch s
ca cc dng c o, lp rp
cc sn phm trong ci
chp bng vt liu trong
sut, lm vic vi cc sn
phm c ph lp vc ni
hoc sn bng, phn bit
cc nt v trn bn v k
thut, d|i lp giy can
v.v...)
Cng vic lm vi nhng
vt cn phn bit v mt
lm vic c c tnh phn
x hn hp (v d nh| v,
vit bng mc can, c vn
bn trn giy c mt lng
bng v.v...)
Bt k
ngun
sng no
Bt k
ngun
sng no
Bt k
n
no
Bt k
n
no
Khng quy
nh
Khng quy
nh
B mt
pht sng
ca n
phn x
g|ng t
lp vt
liu c th
nhn qua
|c,
khng
|c trung
vi h|ng
nhn ca
ng|i lm
vic (hnh
3)
B mt
pht sng
ca n
phn x
g|ng t
mt lm
vic
khng
|c trng
vi h|ng
nhn ca
ng|i lm
vic (hnh
3
Bt c tr s no
Bt c tr s no
Ch thch: chiu sng ti ch (cc b) cn s dng cc bng n phn x g|ng hoc
n phn x g|ng.
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
Ph lc 4
Ph|ng php tnh ri tr trong cc cng trnh cng cng
c th xc nh |c mc bo m yu cu bo ha nh sng trong mt s phng ca
cng trnh cng cng so vi tiu chun v cht l|ng chiu sng ghi trong bng 6 ca tiu
chun ny, nn tnh ri tr nh nht khi s dng h thng chiu sng chung u trong
phng, theo ph|ng php sau:
1. Vi mc ch n gin ha qu trong tnh ton, cc n dng cho cc cng trnh cng
cng |c chia ra thnh 4 nhm vi 4 |ng cong c|ng sng in hnh (xem bng
10, hnh 4) ;
2. Xc nh ch s phng i theo cng thc sau:
( ) b a h
S
i
tt
+
=
(1)
Vi: S - Din tch ca phng (m
2
)
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
h
tt
- cao ca n trn mt phng tnh ton (m)
a,b - Chiu di v rng ca phng (m) hoc theo th i = f(s) hnh 5,
3. Theo bng 10 v hnh v 4 xc nh nhm v |ng cong c|ng sng ca n s
dng trong cng trnh. Trong tr|ng hp, n khng c bng 10 th phi lp |ng
cong c|ng sng ca n ln hnh 4. Sau , trn c s so snh vi 4 nhm |ng
cong c|ng sng in hnh xc nh |c n t|ng |ng vi nhm no trong
s 4 nhm in hnh.
4. Tm tr s m l t s gia ri tiu chun mt phng nm ngang v ri tr nh
nht:
tr
ng
E
E
m =
(2)
Theo th hnh 6, 7, 8 v 9 vi nhng iu kin |c xc nh nh|: |ng cong
c|ng sng, ch s phng, tp hp cc h s phn x ca t|ng
t|
, sn
s
(khi lp
cc th t 6 n 9, h s phn x trn ly trung bnh bng 0,5 v c tnh n h s
d tr K);
Trn c s xc nh |c ri tiu chun mt phng nm ngang v tr s m, tnh
ri tr nh nht theo cng thc (2):
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
m
E
E
ng
tr
=
(3)
V d: Tnh ri tr nh nht trong hi tr|ng c c im nh| sau: di 24m, rng 12m,
cao 4m. Dng n loi -201b440 - 0,3. H s phn x ca t|ng:
t|
= 0,5 , sn
s
= 0,1.
Tiu chun ri mt phng nm ngang tnh ton (cch sn 0,8m) E
ng
= 200 lx.
Gii:
- Tnh ch s phng:
( )
5 , 2
) 12 24 ( 2 , 3
12 . 24
=
+
=
+
=
b a h
i
i
tt
- Theo bng l0 n loi E201b440 - 03 thuc nhm I c |ng cong c|ng sng
Io - Io. coso
- Bng th xc nh tr s m = 2,38 .
- Tnh ri tr nh nht theo cng thc (3);
lx E
tr
84
38 , 2
200
= =
- Vy ri tr tnh trong hi tr|ng bo m yu cu bo ho nh sng theo tiu
chun quy nh E
tr
= 75 lux .
Bng l0- Phn loi n( do Lin X sn xut)
cho cc cng trnh cng cng
Nhm n v |ng cong c|ng sng
Phn
nhm
I,I=I
o
coso II,I=I
o
cos
1,43
o III,I= I
o
cos
2
o IV,I= I
o
cos
3
o
1 2 3 4 5
1 - - E201T420-10 -
2 E 201T420 - 03
E 201T420-18
E 201T420-24
E 201=220- 22
E 201T420-22
EI013-2x40/I-10
EB013-2x40/I-10
EI002-4x20/I-10
MKI35-2x20
3 E201T420-04
E201T420-05
E201T440-22
E201T220-24
EI013-4x40/I-01
EB013-4x40/I-0l
E201T420-02
E201T440-01
MKI35-4x20
-
4 E201T640-18
E201T220-23
E201T440-02
MKI4-2x20
EB001-4x40
MKI35-6x20
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
E201T240-04M
MKI11-4x20
ET028-2x40
E201T240-15M
EB001 - 2 x 40
I201T240-15M
MKI4-4x20
MKI5-4x20
MKI9-4x20
MKI18-4x20
5 E201=240-03 M
E201T465-03M
E201T440-04M
E201=265-16M
EI013-2x65/I-01
EI013-4x65/I-01
EB002-2x65/I-01
EI028-2x65
EB013-2x65/I-01
EB013-4x65/I-01
MKI4-6x20
MKI9-2x20
MKI41-2x20
MKI11-6x20
I201=240-02 M
MKI5-6x20
MKI18-2x20
MKI18-4x20
6 E201T440-03M
E201=265-15M
E221T440-15M
E201T740-15M
EB001-1x40
EB003-2x40-001
EB03-2x40-002
EB003-2x65-002
E201=265-01M
E201=265-02M
E201T641-01
E201T440-01
MKI5-2x40
EB031-2x80/-I30
EB003-4x40-001
B003-4x40-002
7 E201T440-03
E201T640-04
E201T440-04M
E201T440-05
E201=265-03M
E201=265-04M
E201=240-21
E291T440-21
E201T465-19M
E201T465-15M
E201T240-22
E201T420-23
MKI11-2x40
E201T465-16M
E201T440-02M
E201T640-02M
MKI4-2x40
MKI 4-4x40
MKI 5-4x40
MKI 5-6x40
E201T640-01M
E201T465-01M
EI002-4x40/I-01
EI002-4x40/I-02
MKI0-2x40
MKI0-2x40
MK9I-6x40
MKI11-4x40
MKI11-6x40
MKI35-2x40
MKI35-4x40
MKI35-6x40
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
MKI18-2x40
MKI18-4x40
MKI18-6x40
EI002-2x40/I-01
EB003-4x65-002
8 EI201T465-03M
EI002-2x40/I-02
E201T465-02M
9 - - - CBI-1x200
10 - - HB1-1x100
11 - - - CBI-1x100
12 CBI-1x500
13 IIIO>-20x40
IIIO>-2x80
EC002-2x40/P-01
EC002-2x40/P-02
EC002-4x40/P-01
EC002-4x40/P-02
EC004-2x40-003
EC004-2x40-004
EC004-2x65-003
EC004-2x65-004
EC004-4x40-003
EC004-4x40-004
EC102-2x65/P-02
14 EC002-2x40/P-03
EC004-2x40-002
EC004-2x40-005
15 EC002-2x65/P-03
EC002-2x65-002
EC004-2x65-005
16 KP-300
CK-300
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
Ph lc 5
Ph|ng php nh gi cht l|ng chiu sng cng trnh cng cng
theo ch s chi la mt tin nghi M
Khi thit k chiu sng cc cng trnh cng cng cn nh gi cc n dng cho cng trnh
c bo m yu cu gii hn chi la theo ch s chi la mt tin nghi M (quy nh trong
bng 8) khng. Trnh t vic kim tra |c tin hnh nh| sau:
1. Xc nh nhm v phn nhm ca n theo bng 10 hnh v 4 ca ph lc 4. Trong
tr|ng hp n khng c bng 10 th xc nh n theo cch trnh by mc 3
ca ph lc 4.
2. Xc nh ch s phng i
b
theo bng 11.
3. Xc nh ch s phng i ca phng cn phi tnh theo hnh 5.
4. So snh gia i
b
v i nh gi n s dng cho cng trnh nh| sau:
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
- i < i
b
: n m bo yu cu gii hn chi la theo ch s chi lo mt tin nghi tiu
chun M;
- i > i
b
: n khng bo m yu cu gii hn chi la mt tin nghi tiu chun M
V d: Yu cu nh gi chi la tho ch s chi la mt tin nghi tiu chun M = 40
ca hai loi n 201T 465-03M v EC002 - 2 x 65/P - 01 dng chiu sng phng
thit k c c im sau: di 12m, rng 6m, cao 3m. H s phn x ca trn
t|
= 0,7,
t|ng
tr
= 0,5, sn S
s
= 0,1.
Bng 11 - Ch s phng I
b
Ch s chi la mt tin nghi M tiu chun v h s phn x ca t|ng, sn. Nhm v
phn
nhm
ca n
15 25 40
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
t|
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3
s
0,3 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,1
I
2
- - 2,2 1,5 1,1 1,0 + + 1,2 2,4 +
I
3
- - 1,5 1,3 1,0 - + + 2,6 2,4 +
I
4
- - 1,3 1,2 - - + 4,4 2,2 1,4 +
I
5
- - 1,2 1,1 - - + 3,1 1,4 1,3 +
I
6
- - 1,2 1,1 - - 4,2 2,5 1,3 1,2 3,8
I
7
- - 1,1 1,0 - - 2,6 2,2 1,2 1,1 2,5
I
8
- - 1,1 1,0 - - 1,9 1,5 1,2 1,1 2,2
I
12
1,6 1,4 + + + + + + + + +
I
16
1,4 1,1 + + + + + + + + +
II
2
1,0 - + 2,4 1,2 1,1 + + + + +
II
3
- - 2,7 2,0 1,1 1,0 + + + + +
II
4
- - 2,1 1,4 1,0 - + + + 2,4 +
II
5
- - 1,4 1,2 - - + + + 1,5 +
II
6
- - 1,2 1,0 - - + + 2,1 1,3 +
II
7
- - 1,1 1,0 - - + 3,5 1,4 1,2 +
II
8
- - 1,1 1,0 - - + 2,3 1,2 1,1 4,0
III
1
- - + + + + + + + + +
III
3
- - + + + 1,1 + + + + +
III
4
- - + + 1,1 - + + + + +
III
6
- - 1,2 1,1 - - + + 2,3 1,4 +
III
7
- - + 1,1 - - + + + + +
III
13
4,5 1,2 + + + + + + + + +
III
14
1,2 1,0 4,0 2,4 1,3 1,1 + + 3,9 +
III
15
1,0 - 2,4 1,6 1,2 1,1 + + + 2,4 +
IV
9
- - + - - - + + + - +
Tiu chun xy dng tcxd 16 : 1986
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
IV
10
- - - - - - 2,0 1,1 - - 1,3
IV
11
- - - - - - + + + - +
IV
12
-
- - - - - + - - - -
Ch thch:
1. Du "+" c ngha l ch s M khng v|t qu gii hn quy nh vi bt c tr s i no: "-
" - ch s M v|t qu gii hn quy nh vi bt c tr s i no.
2. Bng 2 |c tnh vi h s phn x ca trn
tr
t 0,5 n 0,7
3. Ch s tiu chun M = 90 |c bo m vi bt c iu kin no trong bng 11; M=60
|c bo m vi bt c tp hp no ca h s phn x t|ng
t|
v sn
s
tr tr|ng hp
t|
= 0,3,
s
= 0,1 ; M = 15 khng |c bo m vi tp hp ca h s phn x
t|
= 0,3 ,
s
= 0,3 v
s
= 0,1 tr loi n thuc phn nhm I
12
c i
b
= 1,1.
5. Xc nh ch s phng i ca phng cn phi tnh theo hnh 5.
6. So snh gia i
b
v i nh gi n s dng cho cng trnh nh| sau:
- i < i
b
: n bo m yu cu gii hn chi lo theo ch s chi lo mt tin nghi tiu
chun M;
- i > i
b
: n khng bo m yu cu gii hn chi lo theo ch s chi lo mt tin
nghi tiu chun M.
Gii:
- Theo bng 10 ca ph lc l xc nh nhm v phn nhm ca n:
- n E201T465 - 03 M thuc nhm Is
- n C002 - 2 x 65/P = 01 thuc nhm III
13
- Bng 11 cho ch s phng i
b
= l,5 i vi n loi E201 465-03M, n loi C002-2 x
65/P - 0l, ch s M khng v|t qu tiu chun quy nh vi bt c ch s phng no.
- Theo hnh v 5 xc nh ch s phng ca phng thit k i = 2,05
- V i > i
b
nn n loi, E201 165 - 03M khng bo m yu cu gii hn chi lo
theo ch s chi la mt tin nghi tiu chun M = 40.