Bi 1:

H & Tn: Phm c Huy

XC NH BIN THIN
NNG LNG T DO, ENTALPI,
ENTROPI CA QA TRNH HO TAN
BORAX TRONG NC

MSSV: 2092055
H & Tn: Nguyn Th Ha

MSSV: 2092051
Lp: C Nhn Ha K35
Nhm: 3

I.

MC CH:

Trong bi thc tp ny s xc nh tan S ca mui t tan Borax cc nhit khc

nhau, t xc nh tch s ha tan
php th, s tnh c
II.

K sp

ph thuc theo nhit . Sau bng phng

H 0 , G 0 , S 0 ca

s ha tan ny.

TM TT C S L THUYT:
mt nhit xc nh, mui Borax ha tan vo nc c cn bng ha tan sau:
Na 2 B4 O7 ( r ) 2 Na + + B4 O72

S( mol/l)

2S

Mui Natri Borat ha tan vo nc l mt baz trung bnh :

B4 O72 + 7 H 2 O 4 H 3 BO 3 + 2OH

2S

Bng phng php chun mt th tch bit ca dung dch Borax vi dung dch
HCl chun, chng ta tnh c nng ca anion B4 O72 .
B4 O72 + 5 H 2 O + 2 H + 4 H 3 BO 3

Gi S l tan ca Borax th nng ca ion B4 O72 tm c trong qu trnh chun

vi HCl cng chnh l S v [ Na + ] = 2S
Khi ta c:

K sp

= [ Na + ] [ B4 O72 ] = 4S 3
2

Mt khc ta c :
RT ln K sp = H 0 S 0

Suy ra : ln K sp =

H 0 1 S 0
. +
R T
R

Trang 1

T phng trnh ny, chng ta v th hm s ln K sp theo bin s

thng h s gc l : tg =
V tung gc l :
Th

H 0 , S 0 , T

1
, c ng
T

H 0
R

S 0
R

vo phng trnh : G 0 = H 0 TS 0 ta s tm c G 0 .

Vy , qua vic kho st qu trnh ha tan ca Borax, ta xc nh c cc i lng

nhit ng ca qu trnh.
III. KT QU:
Theo nh lut ng lng: CAVA=CBVB C B =

C AV A
VB

CB
0.25 VA
2Khi [B4O7 ] = S = 2 =
(mol/L). Vi VA l th tch dung dch HCl c t
8

buret .
Bng s liu sau:

tC

TK

55

328

50

323

45

318

40

313

35

308

30

303

1/T

VHCl
(ml)

2[B4O7 ]
(mol/L)

+
[Na ]=2S

Ksp=4S

-3

34,4

1,075

2,150

4,97

1,60

-3

33,3

1,040

2,080

4,50

1,50

-3

28,3

0,884

1,768

2,76

0,98

-3

21,6

0,675

1,350

1,23

0,21

-3

18,0

0,563

1,126

0,71

-0,34

-3

15,0

0,469

0,938

0,49

-0,71

3,05. 10
3,10. 10
3,14. 10
3,19. 10
3,25. 10
3,30. 10

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lnKsp

 th s ph thuc ca lnKsp theo 1/T:

2
1.5

lnKsp

1
0.5
0
0.003
-0.5

1/T
0.0031

0.0032

0.0033

0.0034

-1
y = -10188x + 32.854

T th suy ra phng trnh ng thng:

lnKsp = - 10188

1
+ 32,854
T

Suy ra : tg =
tg =

H 0
= 10188
R

H 0
= 10188 H 0 = 84703 ,032 J / mol = 84 ,703 .10 3 kJ / mol
R

S 0
= 32 ,854 S 0 = 32 ,854 * 8,314 J / mol = 273 ,148 J / mol
R
G 0 nhit chun 25 0 C (298K)
G 0 = H 0 - T S 0 = 84703,032 298*273,148 = 3304,928 J

KT LUN
T vic tnh G 0 = 3304,928 J 298K ta thy phn ng khng xy ra theo nhit
ny (theo l thuyt th trn nhng thc t l c xy ra mt cch thun nghch).
Nu xem 0 v S 0 khng i theo nhit th d dng tnh c nhit 311K th
G 0 < 0 phn ng bt u xy ra theo chiu thu nhit, nhit cng cao tan cng tng
dn n tch s tan cng ln.

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