Thong Tin Di Dong1

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng
Li gii thiu.
Thng tin di ng t lu tr thnh mt phng tin hu
hiu v thun tin trong ton h thng thng tin vin thng. Tuy
nhin, h thng thng tin di ng GSM mi ch c nghin cu
cch y khng lu. N c k tha nhng tnh u vit ca
thng tin di ng tng t v nhng tinh t nht ca thng tin s
to thnh mt phn ca mng thng minh. Trong nhng nm gn
y thng tin di ng c ng dng trong lnh vc thng tin
v tuyn. Ngnh thng tin ny bt u pht trin bng pht
minh th nghim v sng in t ca Hertz v in bo v
tuyn ca Marconi vo thi k u ca pht minh v tuyn.
Thng tin di ng pht trin nhanh theo nhu cu ca thng tin x
hi ngy cng tng v i hi cao vi cc dch v a dng khng
ngng ci tin v b xung.
Trong phm vi bo co ny khng th i su vo chi tit
vn m ch gii thiu mt s k thut chnh trong mng
thng tin di ng s GSM.
Ni dung n gm c 3 phn:
Phn I:Gii thiu tng qut mng GSM
Chng I: Lch s thng tin di ng v gii thiu c tnh, tnh nng ca
mng thng tin di ng s GSM
Chng II: Gii thiu cu trc h thng
Phn II: Cc gii php k thut cho giao tip v tuyn

Chng I: V tuyn s tng qut
2.1 Cu hnh knh trn giao tip v tuyn

2.2 S nhn dng trong GSM
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-1-
2.3 Cc trng hp v th tc thng tin

Phn III:
Chng I: V tuyn s tng qut
2.1 Cu hnh knh trn giao tip v tuyn

2.2 S nhn dng trong GSM
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-2-

Phn 1.Gii thiu tng quan GSM
Phn I. Gii thiu tng quan GSM

Chng I. Lch s dch v thng tin di ng v gii thiu c tnh,
tnh nng ca mng thng tin di ng s GSM
1.1. Lch s dch v thng tin di ng:
H thng thng tin di ng t lu l mt khao kht ln

lao ca con ngi. Khao kht ny ch c th tr thnh hin thc
ngay sau khi k thut thng tin bng sng v tuyn in ra i
vo th k th 19. Tuy nhin vic a h thng thng tin di ng
vo phc v cng cng ch c thc hin sau chin tranh th gii
ln th hai.
Do s pht trin ca cng ngh in t v thng tin cng
nhu cu i hi ca con ngi ngy cng tng cao nn mng thng
tin di ng ngy cng c ph bin, tin cy ngy cng tng.
Qu trnh pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng nh sau:
Th h th nht: Sau nm 1946. Kh nng phc v nh, cht
lung khng cao, gi c t.
Th h th hai: T nm 1970 n 1979. Cng vi s pht
trin ca processor m ca cho vic thc hin mt h thng

phc tp hn. Nhng v vng ph sng ca Anten pht ca trm di
ng cn b hn ch do h thng chia thnh cc trm pht v
c th dng nhiu trm thu cho 1 trm pht.
Th h th ba: L mng t ong tng t (1979-1990). Cc
trm thu pht c t theo hnh t ong, mi l 2 cell. Mng

ny cho php s dng li tn s, cho php chuyn giao cc vng
trong cuc gi.
Cc mng in hnh l:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-3-

+ AMPS (Advanced Mobile phone service): a vo hot ng
ti M nm 1979.
+ NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone System): L h thng in
thoi di ng tng t ca cc nc Bc u (1981).

+ TACS (Total Access Communication System): nhn c t
AMPS c lp t Anh nm 1985.

Ngy nay hu ht tt c cc nc Chu u u c 1 hoc
nhiu mng t ong.
Tt c nhng h thng t bo ny u thc hin vic
truyn m tng t bng iu tn. H thng dng bng tn xung
quanh tn s 450MHz hoc 900MHz, vng ph sng thng l vng
rng vi s lng thu bao ln n hng trm ngn.
Th h th t: L th h da trn k thut truyn dn s.
+ GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): a vo
hot ng ti Chu u t nm 1992.

+ DCS (Digital Cellular System): Da trn mng GSM s dng
tn s 1800MHz.
+ CDMA(Code Division Multi Access): Trong tng lai.
Bng 1. Gii thiu mt s mng t ong tng t c vn

hnh chu u
Nc
H thng
Bng
Thi im
tn
vn hnh
S thu bao
(ngn thu
Anh
TACS
450
1981
bao)
1200
Bc u
NMT
NMT
900
1985
1300
450
1989
90
450-900
1985
300
Php
Radio
Com200
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-4-

RTMS
450
1985
60
c
Thu in
TACS
C450
NMT
NMT
1990
1985
1987
1985
560
600
180
H Lan
900
450
900
450
NMT
900
450
1989
1984
TACS
NMT
900
450
1990
1982
60
60
TACS
900
1990
60
Italia
o
Ty
Nha
Ban
130
60
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-5-

1.2. Mng thng tin di ng GSM:
T u nm 1980 sau khi h thng WMT c a vo

hot ng mt cch thnh cng th n cng biu hin mt s
hn ch:
Th nht: Do yu cu dch v di ng qu ln so vi con s
mong i ca cc nh thit k h thng, do h thng ny
khng p ng c.
Th hai: Cc h thng khc nhau ang hot ng khng ph
hp vi ngi dng trong mng.
V d: Mt u cui trong TACS khng th truy nhp vo
mng NMT cng nh mt u cui di ng NMT cng khng th
truy nhp vo mng TACS.
Th ba: Nu thit k mt mng ln cho ton Chu u th
khng mt nc no p ng c v vn u t ln.
Tt c nhng iu dn n mt yu cu l phi thit
k mt h thng mi c lm theo kiu chung c th p
ng c cho nhiu noc trn th gii. Trc tnh hnh vo
thng 9/1987 trong Hi ngh ca Chu u v bu chnh vin
thng, 17 quc gia ang s dng mng in thoi di ng
hp hi ngh v k vo bin bn ghi nh lm nn tng cho mng
thng tin di ng s ton Chu u.
n nm 1988 Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u
(European-Telecommunication-Standard Institute) thnh lp
nhmc trch v mng thng tin di ng s GSM. Nhm ny c
nhim v a ra tiu chun thng nht cho h thng thng tin di
ng s GSM di hnh thc cc khuyn ngh, ly cc tiu chun
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-6-

ny lm c s cho vic xy dng mng thng tin di ng v lm

sao cho chng thng nht, tng thch vi nhau.
*
V mt k thut:
Mt s mc ch ca H thng sng t mt trong
nhngmc ch y l h thng cn cho php chuyn vng t do

vi cc thu bao trong Chu u, c ngha l thu bao ca nc ny
c th thm nhp vo mng ca noc khc khi di chuyn qua
bin gii trm GSM-MS (Mobile -Station) phi to cho ngi dng gi
hoc b gi c trong vng ph sng quc t.
* Cc ch tiu phc v:
-
H thng c thit k sao cho MS c th c dng trong tt
c cc nc c mng.
-
Cng vi phc v thoi, h thng phi cho php s linh hot
ln nht cho cc loi dch v khc lin quan n mng lin kt s

liu a dch v ISDN (Intergrated Service Digital Network).
-
To mt thng c th phc v cho cc MS trn cc tu vin
dng cng nh mt mng m rng ca cc dch v di ng mt

t.
* V cht lng phc v v an ton bo mt:
-
Cht lng ca ting thoi trong GSM phi t nht c cht lng
nh cc h thng di ng tng t trc trong iu kin thc t.

-
H thng c kh nng mt m ho thng tin ngi dng m
khng nh hng g n h thng, cng nh khng nh hng n

thu bao khc khng dng n kh nng ny.
* V s dng tn s:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-7-

H thng cho php kh nng s dng di tn t hiu qu
cao c th phc v vng thnh th ln vng nng thn cng

nh cc dch v mi pht trin.
-
Di tn s hot ng: 890-960MHz.
H thng GSM900 phi c th cng tn ti vi cc h thng
dng 900MHz trc y.

* V mng:
K hoch nhn dng da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT. K
hoch nh s cng da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT. H thng

phi cho php cu trc v t l tnh cc khc nhau khi dng trong
cc mng khc nhau.
Trung tm chuyn mch v cc thanh ghi dch v phi dng
h thng bo hiu c tiu chun ho quc t.

1.3. H thng t ong GSM (GSM Cellular System):
Mng thng tin di ng l mng khng dy, cc thu bao l di

ng do c hai vn c t ra l:
-
Qun l di ng (MM: Mobile Management).
Qun l tim nng v tuyn (RM: Radio Management).

Vic qun l di ng c t chc theo mng PLMN (Public
Land Mobile Network), mng di ng cng cng mt t. PLMN

c coi l mt phn mng c nh c nh tuyn cuc gi.
PLMN c chia thnh nhiu v tuyn nh c bn knh t 350m
cho n 35km. Kch thc trn da vo a hnh v lu lng thng
tin. Mi v tuyn tng ng vi mt trm thu pht c s (BTS:
Base Tranceiver Station) tu theo cu to ca anten. C hai loi
BTS:
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-8-

BTS Onnidirectional vi anten v hng, c bc x ngoi khng
gian c gc nh hng l 3600.

*
BTS Sector vi 2 hoc 3 anten nh hng 1800 hay 1200, cc
v tuyn ny c sp xp dng t ong (Hnh v 1) v n da

vo cc yu t sau:
2
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
Hnh v 1
Yu t th nht:
Chng ta u bit rng vic truyn lan ca sng in t
c mt s c im:
-
Phn x khi gp vt cn.
Nhiu x t cc sng cng tn s.
Tn x khi gp chng ngi vt trn ng truyn.
Suy hao trong qu trnh truyn sng.

Do khng th phc v qu rng ti 100, hn na cng
sut pht ca trm di ng cng b hn ch.

Suy hao ng truyn cc u kin bnh thng t l vi
d2 (d l khong cch ti i pht) iu kin vng thnh ph l
d 4.
Cc loi pha inh xy ra do gp chng ngi vt trn ng
truyn hoc tr ng truyn.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-9-

Cc loi nhiu do tn hiu thu c khng phi l trc tip t

i pht m t nhiu tn hiu phn x cng tn s.
*
Yu t th hai: V di tn
Cc trm thu pht ca Cell ch c cung cp 1 s tn s gii
hn.Vi h thng GSM di tn t 890MHz-960MHz c chia lm hai

bng:
-
Bng tn ln (Uplink band): Di tn t 890MHz-915MHz cho
cc knh v tuyn t BTS-MS.

-
Bng tn xung (Downlink band): Di tn t 915MHz-
960MHz cho cc knh v tuyn t MS-BTS.

Khong cch gia hai tn s sng mang ca 2 knh lin
nhau l 200MHz. Mi knh s dng 2tn s ring bit cho ng
ln v ng xung, khong cch gia hai tn s ny l 45MHz.
Rx
45
MHz
CU
Tx
Ngoi bng tn s c bn GSM cn c bng tn s m rng

v bng tn DCS.
Bng tn xung (Downlinkband)
960
MHz
960
MHz
200
MHz
1880
MHz
GSM
m
rng
GSM
c s
DCS
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 10 935
MHz
927
MHz
1805
MHz

Bng tn ln (Uplinkband)
915
MHz
890
MHz
915
MHz
1785 MHz
882
MHz
1710
MHz
Do s lng tr gii hn nn vic s dng li tn s l mt vn

cn bn n. Vi mt khong cch thch hp gia 2 cell c
th dng cng mt tn s m nhiu do chng gy ra cho nhau
mc chp nhn c.
1.4. Cc loi c tnh v phc v ca GSM:
1.4.1. Cc c tnh ca mng thng tin di ng s GSM:

T cc khuyn ngh ca GSM ta c th tng hp nn cc cc
c tnh ch yu sau:
-
S lng ln cc dch v v tin ch cho cc thu bao c trong
thng tin thoi v s liu.

-
S tng thch ca cc dch v trong GSM vi cc dch v
ca mng c sn (PSTN-ISDN) bi cc giao din theo tiu chun

chung.
-
T ng cp nht v tr cho mi thu bao di ng.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 11 -

linh hot cao nh s dng cc u cui thng tin di ng
khc nhau nh my xch tay, my cm tay, t trn t.

-
S dng bng tn s 900MHz vi hiu qu cao nh s kt hp
gia TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) vi FDMA (Frequency

Division Multiple Access).
-
Gii quyt s hn ch dung lng nh vic s dng tn s tt
hn.
1.4.2.
Cc dch v c tiu chun GSM:
Cc dch v thoi :
-
Chuyn hng cc cuc gi v iu kin.
Chuyn hng cuc gi khi thu bao di ng khng bn.
Chuyn hng cuc gi khi thu bao di ng bn.
Chuyn hng cuc gi khi khng n c MS.
Chuyn hng cuc gi khi nghn v tuyn.
Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra.
Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra quc t.
Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra quc t tr cc nc PLMN thng
tr.
-
Cm tt c cc cuc gi n.
Cm tt c cc cuc gi n khi lu ng ngoi nc c
PLMN thng tr.

-
Gi cuc gi.
i gi.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 12 -

Chuyn tip cuc gi.
Hon thnh cc cuc gi n cc thu bao bn.
Nhm v s dng khp kn.
Dch v ba pha.
Thng bo cc ph.
Dch v in thoi khng tr cc.
Nhn dng s ch gi.
Nhn dng s thoi c ni.
Nhn dng cuc gi him th.
Cc dch v s liu:
-
Truyn dn s liu
Dch v bn tin ngn
Dch v hp th thoi
Pht qung b trong cell.

***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 13 -

Chng II: Cu trc v thnh phn mng GSM

2.1 Cu trc mng GSM:
IDN
SS
AUC
PSPDN
PSTN
VLR
PLMN
HLR
EIR
MSC
OSS
CSPDN
BSS
BSC
BTS
MS
Cc k hiu :
SS: H thng chuyn mch
AUC: Trung tm nhn thc
VLR: B ghi nh v tm tr
HLR: B ghi nh v thng tr
EIR: Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b
MSC:Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng( gi
tt l tng i v tuyn)
BSS: H thng trm gc
BTS: Trm thu pht gc
BSC: H thng iu khin trm gc
MS: Trm di ng
OMC: Trung tm khai thc v bo dng
ISDN: Mng lin kt a dch v
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 14 -

PSPDN: Mng chuyn mch cng cng theo gi

PSTN: Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng
PLMN: Mng di ng cng cng mt t .
Cu trc mng di ng s GMS theo khuyn ngh ca GMS.
Mng GMS c chia thnh h thng chuyn mch (SS) v h
thng trm gc (BSS). Mi mt h thng cha mt s khi chc
nng v cc khi ny c thc hin cc phn cng khc nhau.
2.2 Cu trc mng a l :
y l mt yu t quan trng i vi mt mng di ng bi

tnh lu ng ca thu bao trong mng.
a.
Tng i v tuyn cng (GATEWAY-MSC)

GMSC lm vic nh mt tng i trung kvo cho mng
GSM/ PLMN. N thc hin chc nng hi nh tuyn cuc gi cho

cc cuc gi kt cui di ng, cho php h thng nh tuyn
cc cuc gi n ni nhn cui cng ca chng l cc trm di
ng b gi.
Tt c cc cuc gi vo GSM/PLMN s c nh tuyn n
mt hay nhiu GMSC.
PTSN
ISND
X
PTSN
GMSC
b. Vng phc v MSCNNF:

Vng MSC c mt MSC qun l. V nh tuyn cuc gi
n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua mng s ni n
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- 15 -

MSC vng phc v m thu bao ang . Vng phc v l b phn

ca mng c nh ngha nh mt vng m c th t n
mt trm di ng nh vic trm ny c ngh li mt b nh
v tm tr VLR. CME 20 vng MSC v vng phc v bao ph cng
mt b phn ca mng.
Vng nh v (Location Area):
c.
Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR chia thnh nhiu vng nh v .

Ti y MS c th t do di chuyn khng cn cp nht thng tin
v v tr cho tng i MSV/VLR iu khin vng ny, khi mt
thng bo tm gi s c pht qung b tm thu bao di
ng b gi. Vng nh v c th c mt s v ph thuc vo
mt hay nhiu BSC nhng ch mt MSC/VLR. Vng c nhn dng
bi h thng LAI (nhn dng LAI v oc h thng s dng tm
mt thu bao ang trng thi hot ng).
d.
8 (cell):
8 thuc vng nh v v l mt vng bao ph v tuyn c
nhn dng ton cu (CGI).

Trm di ng t ng nhn dng mt 8 bng cch s dng
nhn dng trm gc (BSIC).
2.3 Cc thnh phn mng GMS:
Ngoi hai h thng chnh SS(Switching System) v BSS (Base

Station System) c mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng PSTN
c ni mng thng tin di ng mt t cng cng PLMN qua SS
v trm di ng MS thuc thu bao.
a.
H thng chuyn mch (SS):

H thng chuyn mch SS ca CME 20 da trn c s cng
ngh AXE cho php t mc linh hot cao, gi thnh h nh

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 16 -

cu trc Mobile AXE. SS cua CME20 h tr cc giao tip ng dng

ca tiu chun GSM.
Khi chc nng ca SS:

-
Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng cng
(GMSC).
-
Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng (MSC).
B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR)
B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)
Trung tm nhn thc (AMC)
B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR)
c tnh v nhim v ca tng khi:
MSC: l ht nhn ca mng PLMN, n c nhim v nh
tuyn v kt ni cc phn t ca mng thu bao di ng vi nhau

hoc vi thu bao ca mng PSTN v ISDN. Cc s liu lin quan
n thu bao di ng c cung cp t HLR, VNR, AUC v EIR, t
cc bo hiu cn thit s c pht ra cc giao din ngoi vi vi
tt c cc thnh phn mng (BSS/HLR/AVC/EIR/OMC) v ni vi
mng c nh PSTN hay ISDN. MSC cncung cp cc dch v ca
mng cho thu bao. N cha cc d liu v thc hin qu trnh
Hardover. Trong ch thoi mt b phn Echo-Canceller c
t gia MSC v PSTN trit ting vng gy ra cc b bin
i t 2 dy sang 4 dy trong PSTN.
*
HLR: C s d liu quan trng nht ca mng di ng s.
HLR c s dng theo di MS, l ni thu bao mua mt ng k

t mt hng khai thc GMS m HLR thuc hng ny. HLR cha
thng tin v thu bao nh cc dch v b xung v cc thng s
nhn thc. N cha thng tin v v tr thng tin ca MS trong
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 17 -

mt vng MSC no v thng tin ny thay i th MS di ng.

MS s gi i thng tin v v tr (qua MSC/VLR) n HLR ca
mnh nhm m bo phng tin thu mt cuc gi. Trong HLR
cn thc hin to mt bo hiu s 7 trn giao din vi MSC.
* VLR: L c s d liu cha thng tin v tt c cc MS hin
vng phc v ca MSC. Mi MSC c mt VLR v VLR c kt hp
trong phn cng ca MSC. VLR c th coi nh mt HLR phn b.
VLR cha thng tin chnh xc hn v v tr ca MS vng MSC.
Trong trng hp MS lu ng v cng MSC mi. VLR lin kt vi MSC
ly s liu v MS ny t HLR v thng bo cho HLR v tr ca MS
sau VLR c th thit lp cuc gi cho MS m khng cn n
HLR.
* AUC: L mt b phn trong phn cng ca HLR trong
GSM c nhiu bin php an ton khc nhau trnh vic s
dng tri php, cho php bm v ghi li cuc gi ng v tuyn.
Vi mi mt m thu bao c mt m bo mt ring bit nhm chng
li s nghe trm, m ny c bo v chng mi xm nhp tri
php.
*
EIR: Cha s liu phn cng ca thit b (MS). EIR c ni
vi MSC qua ng bo hiu, cho php MSC kim tra s hp l ca

thit b. N bo v mng PLMN khi s thm nhp ca thu bao
tri php.
* OSS: H thng khai thc h tr c ni n tt c cc thit
b h thng chuyn mch v ni n BSS. OSS c cc chc
nng sau:
-
Qun l h thng chuyn mch, quy nh cc thay i s
thoi, phn tch tuyn, cc bng phn tch IMSI,...
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 18 -

Qun l thu bao : Cc loi u ni, gii phng ni, cc nhn
dng nh v vng (LAI).

-
Qun l TRX: Cc qui nh TRX, TRI, cc knh lgc,...
Cc chc nng o : Lu lng cc chuyn giao thng k,...
b. H thng trm gc:

Cu hnh h thng
RBS Trm gc v tuyn
SS
Giao tip
A
BSC
AXE 10
Giao tip
A
RBS 200
RBS 200
RBS 200
BSS chu trch nhim ch yu cc chc nng v tuyn h

thng qun l thng tin v tuyn vi cc my di ng. N cng
iu khin vic chuyn giao cc cuc gi an tin hnh gia
cc c iu khin bi BSC ny. BSS chu trch nhim qun l
tt c cc tim nng v tuyn ca mng v s liu v cu hnh
ca . CME 20 BSS c th thc hin cc hnh ng ph hp khi
xy ra cc tnh hung khng bnh thng mc d khng t ti
OSS. BSS cng iu khin cc mc cng sut v tuyn cc trm
gc cng nh trm di ng.
BSS cha mt b iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station
Controller) v mt hay nhiu trm thu pht gc BTS (Base
Tranceiver Station).
Nu khong cch gia BTS v BSC nh hn 10m cc knh
thng tin c th ni trc tip (Combine), nu ln hn th c th
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 19 -

phi qua mt giao din ABIS (Remote). Mt BSC c th qun l

nhiu BTS theo cu hnh hn hp theo kiu trn.
2-4. BSC. Chc nng v c tnh:
BSC CME 20 c thc hin theo cng ngh AXE, n linh

hot thch hp vi ton b dung lng t cc ng dng vng nng
thn cho n thnh ph ln. BSC mng iu khin mt lng ln cc RBSC (Radio Base Station) (256) nh vy qun l hiu
qu cc tim nng v tuyn.
BIE
FU1
BST
1 FU2
FU1
BST
2 FU2
Abis
Interface
TCU1
Link
DTC1
DTC2
DTC3
TCU2
MSC
PCM
30*13Kb/
s
TCU1
TCU2
SWITCHING
MATRIX
FU1
TCU
FU2
TCU
FUN
TCU
DTC16
BST
3
CPR
Mainterian
ce
Terminal
CPR
OMI
X25 or
RS232
X25
OMC/R
Cc khi chc nng ca BSC:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 20 -

2.1. TCU ( Terminal Control Unit ) Khi iu khin thit b

ngoi vi
Giao din vi BTS
Ph hp vi mt n v di tn c bn ca BTS
S lng TCU ph thuc vo s BTS m n iu khin v
cu hnh ca chng
2.2. DTC ( Digital Trunk Controller ) B iu khin trung k
s
Giao din vi MSC
Qun l tn hiu n v i t MSC
S lng BTS ph thuc vo lu lng (s Erlang trn giao tip
AInterface) v gim xung cn thit
2.3. CPR ( Common Processor ) B x l chung
Thc hin cc chc nng ca h thng nhng n khng
iu khin ma trn chuyn mch
Cung cp , lu tr m v s liu s dng , trng thi a
cng v PIN
iu khin np cho BTS
Cung cp giao din X25 v RS 232
Qun l ngun lu thng TCH
N bao gm ton b cc chc nng v bo dng
2.4. SWM ( Switching Matrix )
Tt c cc giao din trong BSC c thc hin qua mng
chuyn mch . Mng ny gm cc c tnh chnh sau
y :
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 21 -

ng la chn gia cc phn

ng ci t nhanh
Kh nng nghn thp
BSC CME 20 c n nh cc trch nhim chc nng
chnh sau:
-
iu khin cuc ni cc trm di ng (thit lp gii phng
cc u ni, thc hin chuyn giao,...).

-
Qun l mng v tuyn (thc hin thng k v php o, s
cuc gi mt, s lng chuyn giao thnh cng v tht bi, lu lng
mt ) nhm pht hin cc s c mng v tuyn v s c thit
b m bo vic cu hnh li h thng ng n.
-
Qun l trm gc v tuyn (BSC iu khin cc tim nng
RBS v iu khin gim st cht lng RBS bng cch kim tra
phn mm bn trong v kim tra u vng ng ting ).
-
Chuyn i m v thch ng tc (m ho ting, gim
tc bit xung 13kB/s, c thc hin BSC, mt ng PCM

64kB/s c th chuyn 4 ng ni tip).
-
Tp trung lu lng (BSC c th t cn i s khc nhau ca
ti gia cc ca mnh).
-
Qun l chuyn dn n RBS (BSC lp cu hnh, ginh v
gim st cc mch 64kB/s n cc trm v tuyn gc. N cng

iu khin trc tp 1 chuyn mch RBS s dng hiu qu
cc mch 64kB/s. BSC cng tru trch nhim gim st cc mch
n MSC v ra lnh trm mch b s c).
c tnh ca BSC:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 22 -

Cu hnh ca BSC cc i phc v ti 512 my thu 256 t-
ng ng 10000 thu bao. Mt BSC vi 30 TRX (my thu pht) l

kichs thc ti thiu ph hp t va 3 t my.
2.5. BTS - chc nng v c tnh:
Trm v tuyn gc RBS-200 l sn phm ca Erickson dng

cho trm thu pht gc BTR ca GSM. N gm cc thit b giao tip
chuyn dn v v tuyn cn thit trm v tuyn c khi trm
ph 1 hoc nhiu .
Pilot Frequency
Generator
Master Clock Unit
Frame
Unit
BSC Base
Station
Interfac
e
Unit
CA
OMUA
Frame
Unit
Carrier
Unit
Frequen
cy
Hopping
Unit
Base band
Carrier
Unit
Transmissio
n
Antena
Compile
r
Receiver
Antena
Radio and Coupling
Control
* Cc chc nng ca khi BTS:

-
Cc chc nng tim nng chung (Qung b thng tin h
thng; tm gi; yu cu knh t MS; n nh tc thi).

-
Cc chc nng tim nng ring (a knh vo hot ng; hu
hot ng knh; khi u mt m; pht hin chuyn giao).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 23 -

Cc chc nng knh mt t ( Chuyn di m ho ting
thc hin gia 64kB/s v 13kB/s; thch ng tc l; iu khin

trong bng ca TRAU xa; VAD/DTX; truyn dn khng lin tc).
-
M ho v ghp knh (ghp knh ng v tuyn; m ho
v ghp xen knh; mt m v gii mt m).

-
iu khin h thng con v tuyn (o cht lng; o ng
b thi gian; iu khin cng sut ca TRS v MS; pht; thu).

-
iu khin TRX (LATP; kt cui ng bo hiu BSC v TRS
bo co li; s c ni thng).
-
ng b (chun tn s, s khung ).
Khi ng h thng v np phn mm (Khi ng h
thng; khi ng li).

-
Lp cu hnh (pht v tuyn; thu v tuyn; iu khin v
tuyn; kt hp knh lgc; n nh nhn dng ).

* Cc c tnh:
-
Tnh tin cy, tnh mun v cht lng sn phm cao m
bo mc tin cy cao.
-
Tnh bo dng tng ln nh vic nh du hp l cc khi,
phng nga c gi mc ti thiu nh h thng c gim st t

dng.
-
Gi thnh ca chu k tui th: Vic gim gi thnh ca chu
k tui th t c nh kt hp cc gii php h thng vi gim

st t ng, tnh mun, tnh d phng v tnh tinh cy cao.
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 24 -

Phn II.Cc gii php k thut cho giao tip v tuyn
Phn II. Cc gii php k thut cho giao tip v tuyn
Chng I. V tuyn s tng qut

chng ny cp n vic s dng thit b v tuyn
truyn thng tin gia trm di ng v mng PLMN GMS m
khng dng n y trong mng t ong m n nh hng n
cc tn hiu thu. Mt s vn quan trng khi quy hoch tn s
l s hn ch bi i lng nhiu ca h thng t ong.
1.1. Suy hao ng truyn v pha inh:
Suy hao ng truyn l qu trnh m tn hiu thu

yu dn o khong cch gia trm di ng v trm gc tng m
khng c mt cn gia.
Ls d2.f2
Ls (dB) = 33,4 (dB) + 20logF(MHz) + 20log(km)
Tx v Rx: Vi khng gian t do , suy hao ng truyn c tnh:
d: l khong cch gia anten pht Tx v thu Rx.
f: tn s pht
(Cng thc trn ch ng vi cc h thng v tuyn di ng gn
BS.)
Mi trng s dng ca MS ca thng c chong ngi vt gy
hiu ng che ti lm gim cng che tn hiu. Khi di ng
cng vi i di ng cng tn hiu gim , tng d gia TX v
RX c hay khng c chng ngi.
Hiu ng ny gi l pha inh chun lgc. Thi gian gia 2
ch trng pha inh khong v khong v gy ra vi MS lp trn xe
v chuyn ng.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 25 MS

Trong trng hp mi trng thng tin c mt thu bao dy

v nhiu chng ngi ta c pha inh nhiu tia hay raile, xy ra khi
tn hiu nhiu ng t anten Tx n Rx.
MS
hin tng pha inh raile, tn hiu thu c l tng cc tn
hiu phn x khc fa, khc bin . Nhng tn hiu ny khi cng
li nh cc vct to nn mt vct tng gn bng khng c nghi
l cng tn hiu bng 0. y l ch trng pha nghim trng.
mt khong cch nht nh Xm so vi Tx, tn hiu thu c
minh ho nh sau:
Gi tr trung bnh
chung
Gi tr trung bnh
cc b
D
tr
padin
h
Ch trng padinh
nhy my thu
X
X+
10
X+
15
Cng tn hiu thu (Rx) Fc =

900MHz
nhy my thu l mc tn hiu vo yu nht cn thit cho

mt tn hiu ra qui nh. Khi quy hoch h thng, chng li
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 26 -

pha inh th gi trih trung bnh chung c ly ln hn nhy

my thu lng Y(dB) bng ch trng pha phainh mnh nht, Y(dB)
c gi l d tr phainh.
1.2. Phn tn thi gian:
Hin tng ny c ngun gc t phn x t mt vt xa anten

th Rx v km. N dn n giao thoa gia cc k hiu ISI tc l
giao thoa gia cc k hiu ln cn vi nhau.
GMS tc bit l 270kB/s, mi bit tng ng vi 3,7s v t-
ng ng vi khong cch l 1,1km. Khi c phn x t 1km pha

sau trm di ng th tn hiu phn x phi qua gng ng di
tr tn hiu i thng 2km. Tn hiu mong mun s c trn vi
tn hiu 2bit.
1
0
BTS
Giao thoa k hiu (1) v (0)
1.3. Cc phng php phng nga suy hao truyn dn do phainh:
ci thin my thu v cht lng ca tn hiu thu, c 4 phng n thc hin nh sau:
a. Phn tp anten:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 27 -

trnh nguy c c 2 anten thu b ch trng phainh su

cng mt lc, ta s dng 2 anten Rx c lp thu cng tn hiu ri
kt hp cc tn hiu ny li ta s c mt tn hiu ra khi b kt
hp t b phainh hn. Khong cch gia 2 Tx v 2Rx phi ln
khng gian tn hiu 2 anten nh.
Ante
n
Tn
hiu 1
CTH
SS
Tn
hiu 2
b. Nhy tn:
Vi pha inh raile, mu phainh ph thuc vo tn s
ngha l ch trng phainh xy ra cc v tr khc nhau i vi
cc tn s khc nhau. Nh vy ta c th thay i tn s sng
mang trong mt s tn s khi cuc gi ang tin hnh, khi gp
ch trng phainh ch mt phn thng tin b mt. khi phc
li thng tin hon thin ta dng phng php sau:
c. M ho knh:
truyn dn s ngi ta o cht lng ca tn hiu c ch
yu bng s lng cc bit thu c chnh xc, u n biu din

t s bit li BER. BER khng th bng khng do thay i ng
truyn nu c c cho php mt lng nht nh v c kh nng
khi phc thng tin ny hoc c th pht hin trnh s dng
thng tin li. BER quan trng vi pht s liu hn Voice.
phng php m ho knh ta phi pht i mt lng thng tin
c s bit ln hn nhng s t an ton chng li cao hn. M ho

knh c th pht hin v sa li tng bit thu.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 28 -

V d: Khi mun gi mt bit 0 hay 1 c bo v ta

b xung thm bao bit nh sau:
Thng tin
B xung
Gi i
000
0000
111
1111
Khi m 0000 s ng vi 0 v 1111 s ng vi 1. T l l

1:4V, bo v s xy ra nh sau:
Thu c : 0000
0010
Quyt nh: 0
0110
0111
1110
Ring cm 0110 khng xc nh c c th, trm 0111 v

1110 c pht hin l li.
Mi knh kim tra li cchia thnh mi khi v m xon.
m khi, mt s bit kim tra c b xung vo mt s bit thng tin
nht nh. Cc bit kim tra ch ph thuc vo cc bit thng tin
khi bn tin.
m ho xon, b m ho to ra khi cc bit m khng ch
ph thuc vo cc bit ca khi bn tin hin thi c dch vo b

m ho m cn ph thuc vo cc bit ca khi trc.
M ho khi thng c s dng khi c bo hiu nh hng
theo khi v s dng pht hin li khi thc hin Yu cu t
ng pht ARQ.
M ho xon lin quan nhiu hn n s sai li. C hai m
ny c s dng GSM. Hai bc m ho c dng cho c ting v
s liu.
d. Ghp xen:
Cc li bit thng xy ra theo tng cm o cc ch trng
phainh ln lm nh hng nhiu bit lin tip. gii quyt hin
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 29 -

tng li bit qu di ta dng phng php ghp knh xen tch cc

bit lin tip ca mt bn tin sao cho cc bit ny gi i khng lin
tip.
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Cc khi bn tin
ghp xen
Cc khi bn
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 tin c ghp
xen
Mt khung
Khi truyn dn khung 2 c th mt nu khng ghp xen

ton v khi bn tin s mt nhng ghp xen s m bo ch th
th hai tng khi l b mc li:
1
M ho knh c th khi phc li thng tin ca tt c cc khi.

GMS b m ho knh cung cp 456bit cho tng 20Ms ting v
oc ghp xen to ra cc khi 57bit.
Mt khung ting 20ms to 456bit, cc bit ny c ghp xen
vo 8 nhm 57bit cc cm bnh thng c khong trng dnh
cho 2x27bit .
57
1 26
57
Ngi ta thng b xung thm mt mc ghp knh xen k gia

2 khung ting, iu ny lm tng thi gian tr h thng nhng
c th cho php mt ton b mt cm v n nh hng 12,5% s
bit mi khung ting v c th c hiu chnh bng m ho knh.
1.4 Phng php chng phn tn thi gian:
M hnh truyn dn
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 30 -

My
pht
My thu
ti u
Knh
My thu ti u l my thu hiu r knh. Ta lp m hnh ton

hc ca knh v iu chnh my thu n m hnh. Knh c
xt nh mt b lc v c kch thch bi mt tn hiu bit trc. So
snh u ra vi u vo ta c p ng xung ca b lc. p ng
xung ca b lc cho ta bit c tn hiu ra i vi tn hiu vo,
nh vy ta c th tm c p ng xung ca knh v lp m hnh
knh khi phn tch mt tn hiu thu c. p ng xung khi khng
c phn x (a) v c mt phn x (b).
(t)
t
(a) Khng c phn
x
t
(b) c mt phn x
Xt nguyn l lm vic ca mt b cn bng: Sau khi lp

m hnh knh ta s phi to ra tt c cc chui bit c th c ri a chng qua m hnh knh chui u vo m t nhn c
chui u ra ging n nht gi l chui nguyn thu hay chui
pht. Theo quy nh ca GMS, mt b cn bng cn c kh nng
x l mt tn hiu phn x tr n 14,8s tng ngvi thi gian
ca 4bit. Lc ny ngay c tn hiu phn x cng b nh hng bi
phainh raile, nhng do tn hiu ny c mu phainh c lp so
vi tn hiu i thng nn n c li dng t hiu qu cao
hn. Vy vi cc tn hiu phn x tr di 15Z n cho ta thm nng
lng ci to tn hiu thu.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 31 -

Trn thc t di chui N thng ln ln phi c thc hin

nhiu so snh v mt nhiu thi gian tnh ton gy mt s chm
tr khng cho php. khc phc kh khn ny ngi ta phi s
dng n thut ton Vinri m khng cn phi th tt c cc
chui.
1.5. Truyn dn s v tn hiu tng t:
Trong trng hp truyn ting ni l dng sng lin tc khc

vi truyn s liu ta phi thc hin ly mu tn hiu tng t, lng
t m ho tn hiu dng s 1 v 0. Cc mu tng t c
trnh by bng mt tp hp hu hn cc mc c xc nh bi s
cc bit ta cn s dng trnh by mt mu.
h thng vin thng s chn s mc ri rc ho =256 mc
(8bit) vi mi mu ta trnh by gi tr tng t bng mt gi tr

c lng t ho 8bit. Vi tc ly mu 8kHz ta c tc bit:
8000mu/s x 8bit = 64kb/s
Qu trnh ny c gi l iu ch xung m PCM gm 3 bc:
Lng t Ly mu
M ho
ng truyn
PCM 64 kb/s
Ta t nhiu knh trn cng mt ng truyn PCM (ghp

knh) trnh lng ph. Nu ghp 32 knh trn mt ng
truyn PCM theo tc bit ca n l : 32x64kb/s=2,048Mb/s.
Thit b ghp knh iu khin vic gn cc khe thi gian 0,1 gi
i khe 1,...Trong 32 knh truyn th knh 0 dng cho ng b,
knh 16 dng cho bo hiu cn 30 knh cn li dng cho ting
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 32 -

thoi. Phn trnh by trn l v d v a thm nhp phn chia

theo thi gian TDMA.
Mt phng php khc vi TDMA v FDMA (a thm nhp phn
chia tn s) c dng qung b v tuyn, mi knh c dnh cho
mt bng tn ring. Tng ng h thng di ng t ong tng
t, mi cuc gi mt s dng mt bng tn (hai bng khi
truyn song cng). Sau y l so snh gia TDMA v FDMA
MS1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MS2
MS2
MS5
TDMA
ng b thi gian: Khi s dng TDMA v tuyn, mi trm di
ng s dng khe thi gian Ts ca mnh nhng khi khong cch

gia MS v BS tng ln gy tr thi gian truyn tn hiu v tr
ny ln qu th thng tin pht i t MS khe TS n s trng vi tn
hiu thu c ca BS ti khe TS n+1 ca MS khc. kim tra thi
gian n v cc lnh oc gi n MS ta c qu trnh nh trc thi gian mi khi MS di chuyn ra xa.
M ho ting: mt s h thng di ng t ong FDMA
khong cch gia cc knh l 25kHz (NMT, TACS) v GMS

khong cch ny bng 200kHz. So snh TDMA 200kHz v FDMA
25kHz ta c hiu qu s dng tn s nh nhau v knh 25kHz c
tc 412kB/s. Khi s dng phng php iu ch pha ti thiu
Gauss (GMSK) rng bng khng b chiu s rt ln. m
bo bng tn cho php ta gim ti thiu tc bit cho tng knh
ting bng cch m ho ting (Vocodes) v m ho theo dng sng.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 33 -

M ho theo kiu pht m Vocodes gip ta nhn bit c ting

ni nhng rt tng hp v ta kh nhn ra ai pht m.
S dng m ho sng (m ho PCM ng u) thng tin trc
tip chnh thc dng sng c pht i vi tc i hi cao v
cho ta mt cht lng cng rt cao. Tc bit b m ho dng
sng thay i gn t 16kb/s n 64kb/s i vi b m ho PCM
ng u.
Ngoi ra ta cn c cc b m ho cho php c m t nh mt
s pha trn gia Vocodes v m ho dng sng. Cc b m ho lai
ghp lp kn ch trng gia cc b m ho Vecodes v dng sng
vi tc bit t 5kb/s, cht lng theo tc bit. GMS s dng b
m ho ghp lai gi l m ho tin nh tuyn tnh-Tin nh
thi gian di-kch thch xung u. B LPC-LPT-RPE.
-
LPC v cc thng s LPD: 3,6kb/s.
Cc thng s RPE: 9,4kb/s
Tc bit u ra b m ho ny l 13kb/s, 20ms ting cho
260bit.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 34 -

Chng II. Giao tip v tuyn

Giao tip v tuyn l tn gi chung ca u ni gia MS v
BTS giao tip s dng khi nim TDMA vi 1 khung TDMA cho mt
tn s mang, mi khung gm 8TS hng t BTS n BS (ng
xung).
2.1 Khi nim v cc knh giao tip v tuyn:
Mng GMS/PLMN c dnh 124 knh sng mang , sng ny

di tn:
-
ng ln (MS-BTS) : 890-915MHz.
ng xung (BTS-MS): 935-960 MHz
Vit Nam, GMS s dng bng tn ng ln 890,2-898,4
MHz v ng xung 935,2-934,4MHz. Mi tn s sng mang

200kHz trn mi sng mang thc hin ghp knh theo thi gian
ng vi mi khung TDMA ta c so knh bng 124x8(khe)=922
knh.
a. Knh vt l:
Mt s TS ca mt khung TDMA mt sng mang l mt
knh vt l th mt sng mang GMS c 8 knh vt l, thng tin
pht i t mt TS gi l Burst.
b. Knh lgc:
Knh lgc c ni khc nhau tu theo loi thng tin cn truyn
cc knh lgc c chia thnh knh lu thng (TCH) v knh iu
khin.
c. Knh lu thng :
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 35 -

L knh mang ting hoc m ho hoc s liu ca ngi s

dng , l knh ng ln v xung, im n im.
-
Knh Bm hay ton tc TCH mang thng tin (ting m ho hay
s liu) tc tng 22,8kbit/s.

-
Lm hay TCH bn tc mang thng tin (ting m ho hay s
liu) tc tng 11,4kbit/s.

d. Knh iu khin: mang tn hiu hay s liu ng b
+ Knh qung b BCH gm:

-
FCCH: Knh mang thng tin tn hiu chnh tn s ca MS
knh ng xung im ti a im.

-
SCH: Knh ng b mang thng tin ng b khung ca MS
v nhn dng BTS, knh ng xung im ti a im.

-
BCCH: Knh iu khin qung b thng tin chung trn c s
mt knh cho BTS , knh ng xung im ti a im.

+ Cc knh iu khin chung CCCH:
-
Knh tm gi (PCH): Dng gi MS, knh ng xung
im ti a im.
-
Knh thm nhp ngu nhin (RACH): c dng yu cu
mt knh iu khin ng ring ng mt mnh (SDCCH)

hay tr li tm gi hoc thm nhp khi khi u hoc
ng k cuc gi MS, knh ng ln im n im.
-
Knh cho php thm nhp (AGCH): Dng dnh mt
SOCCH hay trc tip mt TCH cho MS, knh ng xung im im.
+ Cc knh iu khin ring:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 36 -

SDCCH: Dng bo hiu h thng khi thit lp mt cuc
gi trc khi n nh mt TCH. Knh ln xung im-im.

-
Knh iu khin lin kt chm (SACCH) lin kt vi mt
SOCCH hoc mt TCH, l knh s liu lin tc mang thng tin lin
tc nh cc thng bo o c t trm MS v cng tn hiu thu
t hin thi v cc trm ln cn, thng tin ny cn cho
chuyn giao v iu chnh cng sut MS v ng b thi
gian. Knh ln xung im-im.
-
Knh iu khin lin kt rt nhanh FACCH lin kt vi TCH
v lm vic ch ly cp nh trong trng hp chuyn giao

(handover) ngi nghe s khng thy c s gin on thng tin.
2.2. Cm:
Cm l mu thng tin mt khe thi gian km knh TDMA,

c 8 khe thi gian mt ln TDMA c pht i th c 1 cm ca
mt loi thng tin.
* Cm bnh thng :NB
TB
3
Cc bit c mt Chui hng Cc bit c mt

TB GP
m
dn
m
3 8,25
58
26
58
0,577 ms
156,25 bit
Cc bit c mt m gm 57bit s liu hay ting v mt c
ly cp.
-
Chui hng dn l mu bit bit trc b cn bng c th
thnh lp mt m hnh knh.

-
Cc bit ui TS lun l 0,0,0 gip b cn bng xc nh
u v cui mu bit.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 37 -

Khong bo v GP l mt khong trng cho php my pht
dch ln hay dch xung trong gii hn do khuyn ngh GMS qui
nh.
*
Cm hiu chnh tn s: iu chnh tn s ca MS, n tng
ng sng mang cha b iu ch. Lp li ca mt cm gi l

FCCH.
TB
3
Cc bit c nh 0
142
TB GP
3 8,25
0,577 ms
156,25 bit
Cm ng b (SM): Dng ng b thi gian ca MS

TB
3
Cc bit c mt Chui ng Cc bit c mt

TB GP
m
b
m
3 8,25
39
64
39
Khi ng b di d dng nhn bit v mang thng tin s

khung TDMA cng m nhn dng trm c s BS. Lp li ca cm l
SHC.
S khung gip MS bit loi knh lgc ang c truyn
bng iu khin. Mt chu trnh nh s khung l 3,5 gi vi mi
khung TDMA thi gian l 6,615ms.
*
Cm thm nhp (AB): S dng thm nhp ngu nhin
v c GP dnh cho pht cm t trm di ng.

TB
3
*
Chui ng b
41
Cc bit c mt
TB GP
m
3 8,25
36
Cm gi: c pht i t BTS v khng cha thng tin khun
mu ging nh cm bnh thng vi cc bit mt m c thay bi cc

bit hn hp c mu bit xc nh.
2.3. Sp xp cc knh lgc cc knh vt l:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 38 -

Xt mt BTS vi n sng mang (truyn song cng, mi sng

mang Co,....Cn c 8 khe thi gian Ts. Vi Co ng xung, Tso c
dng ch sp xp cc knh iu khin.
012
7012
701
Cc khung
TDMA
FS B C FS C C FS C C FS C
BCCH CCCH ng xung
C FS C
* Ghp cc BCH v CCCH Tso:

-
Tso sng mang Co, ng ln khng xung cha cc knh
FCCH, SCH, v BCCH, n c dng thm nhp BCCH, FCCH,

SCH, FCH, AGCH ng xung ring RACH ng ln.
012
7012
701
51 khung TDMA lin

tip
RRRRRRRRR
i vi TS1 c s dng sp xp cc knh iu khin
ring ln cc knh vt l, o tc bit trong qu trnh thit lp

cuc gi v ng k kh thp nn c th c 8 SDCCH mt TS1.
S dng TS hiu qu hn.
* Cc cch ghp knh TS1 :

-
SDCCH + SACCH ng xung.
SDCCH + SACCH ng ln
Ts1 thng tin ca khe s c s dng cho cc knh lu khng

TCH. Ts2-7 gi l cc knh lu khng lgc vi chu k lp li l 26Ts.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 39 -

Ts0: l cc knh iu khin lgc, chu k lp li 51Ts.

Ts1: Cc knh iu khin lgc chu k lp li 102Ts.
-
Vi cc sng mang C1-CN dnh cho Ts0-7 u l TCH.
Mi ch c 1Co v ch c sau TCH (Tc2-7).
Vi sng mang b xung, c STS c th s dng cho TCH.
2.4. o cng trm di ng:
ch ri: Chn khi bt ngun di ng:
MS gia 124 knh RF h thng GSM v tnh ton mc
trung bnh cho tng knh, MS iu chnh n sng mang mnh

nht v tm xem n c pht l BCCH hay khng, nu ng th
MS c s liu BCCH xem c th kho n ny khng, nu
khng MS s tm n sng mang mnh th hai.
-
MS c th c b nh BCCH v n s ch tm cc sng mang
ny. Nu qu trnh khng thnh cng MS thc hin qu trnh 1

BCCH, MS c thng bo cn gim st cc sng mang BCCH no
chn li kho n BTS khc. Nh vy MS trn cp nht danh
sch 6 sng mang mnh nht.
*
Ch ni thng cuc gi: MS lin tc qua SACCH thng
bo cho h thng cng tn hiu thu t BTS ln cn. BSC s

dng cc php o ny nhanh chng quyt nh cc ch
khc khi chuyn giao cn thit. Vic o c ln cn thc hin
gia cc khong thi gian pht v thu khe Ts dnh cho trm. Cng tn hiu ca mi phc v c gim stkhi thu Ts dnh
cho MS SACCH, cng tn hiu ca cc sng mang BCCH ln
lt c o theo qui trnh: Pht, o, pht, o,... gi tr trung bnh
tng php o cho tng sng mang c tnh ton v thng bo
cho SBC. cc gi tr o tng ng vi BTS cn o, phi xc
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 40 -

nh nhn dng BTS BSIC pht SCH trn Ts0, Co. Trong thi
gian khung trng (ICLE) TCHC, TDMA-267, BSIC cho BTS ln
cn c.
* Nguyn l o MS:
24
25
012
45
MHz
7012
012
IDLE
Down link
012
7012
012
Up link
24
25
(1): MS thu v o cng tn hiu

(2): MS Pht
(3): MS o cng tn hiu cho t nht mt ln cn.
(4): MS c BSIC SCH (TS0) cho mt ln cn
MS khng bit khi no xy ra TS0 sng mang BCCH ln
cn nu phi o trong khong thi gian 8Ts chc chn l
Tso s xy ra trong qu trnh o. Vic ny thc hin bng IDLE.
2.5. Cc trng hp v th tc thng tin:
2.5.1. Tng quan:

Trc khi kho st cc th tc thng tin khc nhau, hy kho
st cc tnh hung c bit ca 1 PLMN c tt c cc thu bao di
ng, v th ta quan st MS mt s tnh hung sau:
-
Tt my:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 41 -

Mng s khng th tip cn m my v MS khng tr li

thng bo tm gi. N s khng bo cho h thng v vng nh
v (nu c) v MS s c coi l ri mng.
-
MS bbt my, trng thi ri:

H thng c th tm gi MS thnh cng, MS c coi l nhp
mng. Trong khi chuyn ng, MS lun kim tra rng n c ni

n mt knh qung b c thu pht tt nht. Qu trnh ny c
gi l lu ng(Roaming). MS cn thng bo cho h thng v cc
thay i vng nh v, qu trnh ny c gi l cp nht v tr.
-
MS bn:
Mng v tuyn c mt knh thng tin (knh ting) dnh cho
lung s liu ti v t MS trong qu trnh chuyn ng MS phi

c kh nng chuyn n mt knh thng tin khc. Qu trnh ny
c gi l chuyn giao (Handover). quyt nh chuyn giao
h thng phi din gii thng tin nhn uc t MS v BTS. Qu
trnh ny c gi l nh v.
2.5.2. Lu ng v cp nht v tr:
Coi rng MS trng thi tch cc, ri v ang chuyn ng
theo mt phng lin tc MS c kho n mt tn s v tuyn
nht nh c CCCH v BCH TSo. Khi MS ri xa BTS ni vi n cng tn hiu s gim. mt thi im no khng xa bin
gii l thuyt gia hai ln cn nhau cng ti mc m MS
quyt nh chuyn n mt tn s mi thuc mt trong cc
ln cn n. chn tn s tt nht n lin tc o cng tn
hiu ca tng tn s trong s tn s nht nh ca ln cn.
Thng MS phi tm c tn s BCH/CCCH t BTS c cng tn
hiu tt hn tn s c. Sau khi t kho n tn ss mi ny, MS
tip tc nhn thng bao tm gi / cc thng bo qung b chng
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 42 -

no tn hiu ca tn s mi vn tt. Quyt nh vic thay

i tn s BCH/CCCH s c thc hin m khng cn thng bo
cho mng. Ngha l mng mt t khng tham gia v qu trnh
ny.
Kh nng chuyn ng v nh ng thi vi vic thay
i ni thng MS giao tip v tuyn ti thoi im cn thit
m bo cht lng thu c gi l lu ng Roaming.
-
Khi MS chuyn ng n gia hai cll thuc 2 BTS khc
nhau:
Ta bit rng MS khng h bit cu hnh ca mng cha n.
gi cho MS thng tin v v tr chnh xc ca n h thng gi
i nhn dng vng nh v (LAI) lin tc giao tip v tuyn
bng BCCH.
Khi i vo cell Thuc BSC khc MS s nhn thy vng mi
bng cch thu BCCH. V thng tin v v tr c tm quan trng ln
nn mng phi thng bo v s thy i ny, in thoi di
ng qu trnh ny c gi l ng k cng bc. MS khng
cn cch no khc l phi c gng thm nhp vo mng cp
nt v t ca mnh MSC/VLR. Qu trnh ny c gi l cp
nht v tr.
Sau khi pht v tr mi ca mnh ln mng, MS tip tc
chuyn ng trong vng mi nh m t trn.
-
Khi MS chuyn ng gia hai vng phc v khc nhau:

Trong trng hp c mt cuc gi vo cho MS, vic chuyn t
mt vng phc v MSC/VLR ny sang mt vng phc v MSC/VLR

khc c nghi l tuyn thng tin i qua mng cng s khc.
tm c nh tuyn ng, h thng phi tham kho b ghi
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 43 -

nh v thng tr HLR v th MSC/VLR s phi cp nht HLR v

v tr ca MSC/VLR cho MS ca chng ta.
Qu trnh cp nht v tr nh sau:
(5) xo v tr
VLR
HLR
(6) tip nhn
xo
(3) tip nhn v
tr
MSC
(2) Yu cu cp
nht v tr
(1) Yu cu nht
v tr
VLR
MSC
(4) Cng nhn
cp nht v tr
Sau khi cp nht v tr thnh cng HLR h thng s hu b

v tr c, HLR thng bo hu b v tr cho tng i MSC/VLR c
xo v tr c ca MS c lin quan.
2.5.3. Th tc nhp mng ng k ln u
Khi MS bt my n s qut giao tip v tuyn tm ra
tn s ng, tn s m MS tm kim s cha thng tin qung b
cng nh thng tin tm gi BCH/CCCH c th c. MS t kho n
tn s ng nh vic hiu chnh tn s thu v thng tin ng
b
V y l ln u MS s dng nn phn mng chu trch
nhim s l thng tin ti / t MS hon ton khng c thng tin v
MS ny, MS khng c ch th no v nhn dng vng nh v mi
. Khi MS c gng thm nhp ti mng v thng bo vi h thng
rng n l MS mi vng nh v ny bng cch gi i mt thng
bo Cp nht v tr mng n MSC/VLR.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 44 -

T gi tr i MSC/VLR s coi rng MS hot ng v nh

du trng d liu ca MS ny bng 1 c nhp mng co ny lin
quang n IMSI.
2.5.4. Th tc ri mng
Th tc ri mng lin quan n IMSI. Th tc ri mng ca
IMSI cho php thng bo vi mng rng thu bao di ng s tt
ngun , lc ny tm gi MS bng thng bo tm gi s khng xy
ra.
Mt MS trng thi hot ng c nh du l nhp
mng. Khi tt ngun MS gi thng bo cui cng n mng
,thng bo ny cha yu cu th tc ri mng. Khi thu c thng
bo ri mng MSC/VLR nh du c IMSI ri mng tng ng.
2.5.5. Tm gi
Cuc gi n MS oc nh tuyn n MSC/VLR ni MS
ng k. Khi MSC/VLR s gi i mt thng bo tm gi n
MS, thng bo ny c pht qung b trn ton b vng nh v
LA ngha l tt c cc BTS trong LA s gi thng bo tm gi MS.
Khi chuyn ng LA v nghe thng tin CCCH MS s nghe
thy thng bo tm gi v tr li ngay lp tc.
2.5.6. Gi t MS
Gi s MS ri v mun thitlp mt cuc gi thu bao ny s
quay tt c cc ch s ca thu bao b gi v bt u th tc
ny bng cch n phm pht . Khi ny MS gi i mt thng
bo u tin n mng bng CCCH yu cu thm nhp . Trc
ht MSC/VLR s ginh ring cho MS mt knh ring , kim tra th
loi ca thu bao b gi v nh du thu bao ny trng thi bn
. Nu thuee bao gi c php s dng mng MSC/VLR s cng
nhn yu cu thm nhp . By gi MS s gi i mt thng bo
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 45 -

thit lp cuc gi , tu theo thu bao b gi l c nh hay di

ng s ca n s c phn tch trc tip MSC?VLR hoc gi
n mt tng i chuyn tip ca mng PSTN c nh . Ngay
khi ng ni n thu bao b gi sn sng thng bo thit
lp cuc gi s c cng nhn, MS cng s c chuyn n mt
knh thng tin ring. By gi tn hiu cui cng s l s khng
nh thu bao.
2.5.7. Gi n thu bao MS
Gi s c mt thu bao A thuc mng c nh PSTN yu cu
thit lp cuc gi vi thu bao B thuc mng di ng.
-
Thu bao A quay m ni nhn trong nc t ti vng
GSM/PLMN. Ni thng c thit lp t tng i ni ht ca thu

bao A n GMSC ca mng GSM/PLMN.
-
Thu bao A quay s ca thu bao B, so thu bao c phn
tch GMSC. Bng chc nng hi p GMSC gi MSISDN cng vi

yu cu v s lu ng (MSRN) n b ghi nh v thng tr
(HLR)
-
HLR nh s thu bao ca MS c quay v nhn dng
GSM/PLMN
MSISDN IMSI
-
HLR ch cho MS vng phc v v gi IMSI ca MS n VLR
ca vng phc v ng thi yu cu v MSRN.

-
VLR s tm thi gn s lu ng MSRN cho thu bao b gi v
gi n ngc tr v HLR, HLR s gi n v tng i cng GSMC.

-
Khi nhn c MSRN ng tng i GMSC s c kh nng
thit lp cuc gi n vng phc v MSC/VLR ni thu bao B hin

ang c mt.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 46 -

VLR s ch cho thu bao ny vng nh v (LAI) giai on
qu trnh thit lp cuc gi h thng mun rng thng bo tm

gi thu bao b gi c pht qung b trn vng ph sng ca tt
c cc ca vng nh v ny. V vy MSC/VLR gi thng bo
tm gi n tt c cc BTS trong vng nh v.
-
Khi nhn c thng tin tm gi, BTS s pht n ln ng v
tuyn knh tm gi PCH. Khi MS trng thi ri v nghe

knh PCH ca mt trong s cc thuc vng nh v LA, n s
nhn thng tin tm gi , nhn bit dng IMSI v gi tr li v
thng bo tm gi.
-
Sau cc th tc v thit lp cuc gi v sau khi gn cho
mt knh thng tin cuc gi ni trn ddc ni thng n MS

knh v tuyn.
2.5.8. Cuc gi ang tin hnh, nh v
By gi ta xem xt iu g s xy ra khi mt trm di ng
trng thi bn chuyn ng xa dn BTS m n ni n ng
v tuyn. Nh ta va thy MS s dng mt knh TCH ring trao
i s liu/tn hiu ca mnh vi mng khi cng ri xa BTS, suy
hao ng truyn cng nh nh hng ca Phadinh s lm hng cht
lng truyn dn v tuyn s. Tuy nhin h thng c kh nng
m bo chuyn sang BTS bn cnh.
Qu trnh thay i n mt knh thng tin mi trong qu
trnh tit lp cuc gi hay trng thi bn c gi l chuyn
giao. Mng s quyt nh v s thay i ny. MS gi cc thng
tin lin quan n cng tn hiu v cht lng truyn dn n
BTS qu trnh ny c gi l cp nht. MS v mng c kh nng
trao i thng tin v bo hiu trong qu trnh cuc gi c
th ng b chuyn vng. Trong qu trnh hi thoi knh TCH
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 47 -

dnh ring, MS phi tp trung ln TCH ny v th khng th mt

knh khc dnh ring cho bo hiu. Mt l do khc na l s lng
knh c hn nn h thng khng s dng 2 knh cho cng mt hng, vic t chc truyn dn s liu trn knh TCH sao cho cuc
ni chuyn cng nh thng tin v bo hiu c gi i trn 1 knh.
Lung s liu s c pht i theo mt trnh t chnh xc c
MS ln BTS c th phn bit gia cuc ni chuyn v cc thng
tin bo hiu.
By gi ta quay li vic nh v, trc ht BTS s thng bo
cho MS v cc BTS ln cn v cc tn s BCH/CCCH. nh thng
tin ny MS c th o cng tn hiu cc tn s BCH/CCCH
ca trm gc ln cn, MS o c cng tn hiu ln cht lng
truyn dn TCH bn ca mnh. Tt c cc kt qu o ny
c kt qu o ny c gi n mng phn tich su hn.
cui cng BTS s quyt nh chuyn vng. BSC s phn tch cc
kt qu o do BTS thc hin TCH bn . Tm li BSC s gii
quyt 2 vn :
+ Khi no cn thc hin chuyn vng
+ Phi thc hin chuyn vng ti BTS no
Sau khi nh gi chnh xc tnh hung v bt u qu
trnh chuyn vng, BSC s chu trch nhim thit lp mt ng
ni thng n BTS mi. C cc trng hp chuyn vng sau:
+ Chuyn giao trong vng 1 BSC:
trng hp ny BSC phi thit lp mt ng ni n BTS
mi, dnh ring mt TCH ca mnh v ra lnh cho MS phi
chuyn n 1 tn s mi ng thi cng ch ra mt TCH mi.
Tnh hung ny khng oif hi thng tin gi n phn cn li
ca mng. Sau khi chuyn giao MS phi nhn cc thng tin mi
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 48 -

v cc ln cn. Nu nh vic thay i n BTS mi cng l thay

i vng nh v th MS s thng bo cho mng v LAI mi ca
mnh v yu cu cp nht v tr.
+ Chuyn giao gia hai BSC khc nhau nhng cng mt
MSC/VLR
Trng hp ny cho thy s chuyn giao trong cng mt vng
phc v nhng gia hai BSC khc nhau. Mng can thip nhiu hn
khi quyt nh chuyn giao. BSC phi yu cu chuyn giao t
MSC/VLR. Sau c mt ng ni thng mi (MSC/VLR BSC mi
BSc mi) phi c thit lp v nu c TCH ri. TCH ny phi c
dnh cho chuyn giao. Sau khi MS nhn c lnh chuyn n
tn s mi v TCH mi. Ngoi ra sau khi chuyn giao MS c thng
bo v cc ln cn mi. Nu vic ny thay i BTS i cng vi
vic thay i vng nh v MS s gi i yu cu cp nht v tr
trong qu trnh cuc gi hay sau cuc gi.
+ Chuyn giao gia hai vng phc v MSC/VLR
y l trng hp chuyn giao phc tp nht nhiu tn hiu
c trao i nht trc khi thc hin chuyn giao.
Ta s xt 2 MSC/VLR. Gi MSC/VLR c (tham gia cuc gi trc
khi chuyn giao) l tng i phc v v MSC/VLR mi l tng
i ch. Tng i c s gi yu cu chuyn giao n tng
i ch sau tng i ch s m nhn vic chun b ni
ghp ti BTS mi. Sau khi thit lp ng ni gia hai tng i
tng i c s gi i lnh chuyn giao n MS.
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 49 -

Phn III. Phng php tnh ton quy hoch mng
Chng I. Gii thiu

a vo lp t mt h thng bao gi cng phi c
nhng k hoch, nhng d n v k thut, nhng d tr v kinh
t. Trong thit k mng thng tin di ng s cc vn
cng c xem xt k lng. Vi kh nng s dng, kh nng v
ng vn m vng ph sng c th rng khp hoc ch p
ng c mt s trng hp no , tuy nhin trng hp m rng l
ln. iu i hi phi quy hoch mng. Cc bc thc hin nh
sau:
-
S phn b a l ca vng ph sng.
Cht lng phc v cho thu bao.
Mc phc v.
S ph a l.
Tt c nhng yu t trn to ra s liu ban u cho vic
thc hin quy hoch mng.

Thm vo cn mt s yu cu cn thit nh:
-
Kh nng pht trin h thng.
D on yu cu v lu lng chng hn bao nhiu thu bao c
th c, su phn chia v lu lng. Khi xt n vn cn

phi dng cc s liu m t nh:
+ Phn b dn c.
+ Cc trung tm bun bn hay ti chnh quan trng.
+ Mc thu nhp, s lng xe hi.
+ Thng k s lng in thoi c nh.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 50 -

+ Tng ng vi cc mc cc thu bao, cc cuc gi, gi

my mobile.
Trc ht ton b quy hoch mng c xy dng trn s
chun, ngha l m hnh l thuyt da trn b tr a l ca
cu trc mng. Trm thu pht gc (BTS) v n nh tn s m
bo bc thnh t u tin trong qu trnh quy hoch mng.
Hnh dng ca cc trong s chun ny ph thuc vo
kiu anten v cng sut ca tng trm gc. Hai dng anten thng
s dng l anten c hng tp trung nng lng cc d qut v anten
v hng pht ng hng.
Nu chng ta c 2BTS vi cc anten v hng v ta yu cu
ranh gii gia vng ph ca cc BTS l tp hp cc im m
cng tn hiu ca c hai BTS nh nhau th ta c mt ng
thng. Nu ta lp li quy trnh trn bng cch t 6BTS na
xung quanh BTS gc th vng ph nhn c c dng hnh lc
bt nh sau:
Cc lc gic ny tr thnh 1 dng k hiu cho 1 mng v
tuyn. Nhng quy hoch trong mng thc tin phi xt ti vn
truyn sng v tuyn, rt ph thuc vo a hnh, cc tnh cht
khng ng u ca b mt t v v th cc hnh lc gic l
m hnh ht sc n gin ca cc hnh m ph sng v
tuyn. Ngoi ra s a l chun da trn cc hnh lc gic
hoc cc mu a hnh a l khc cho ta mt ci nhn ban
u ton din quy hoch mng.
***
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 51 -

Chng II. Phng php tnh ton quy hoch mng

2.1. Lu cng vic quy hoch mng:
C th tng kt lu cng vic quy hoch mng nh sau:

-
S phn b knh, v tr i trm theo tnh ton khi lu l-
ng s thu bao v cht lng phc v cn thit.

-
Quyt nh mu s dng li tn s, ngha l hon nh
tn s v n nh v tr knh lgc.
-
D kin vng ph sng trn c s i trm d kin (to ,
chiu cao anten,...) v cc hn ch do phn knh thi gian gy

ra.
-
Nghin cu nhiu giao thoa C/ (I+R+A).
Nhiu giao thoa ng knh C/I.
Phn x C/R.
Nhiu giao thoa knh ln cn C/A.
Kho st mng: Kim tra cc iu kin i trm v mi tr-
ng v tuyn.
-
Xy dng s mng trn c s i trm ph hp.
Nghin cu cc thng s n nh.
o c v tuyn.
Vng ph v tuyn cui cng v cc d on C/(I+R+A).
Hon thin t liu thit k .

Sau y hnh v m t lu cng vic quy hoch :
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 52 -

Lu Lng
Cht Lng phc

v
Phn b:
Knh
i trm
2
3
1
S liu i
trm d kin
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
S chun quy
nh knh logic
D on truyn sng
v tuyn
nh gi phn tn thi
gian
C/(I + R + A)
Kho st i
trm
Cc thng s
nh v
S mng
o c v
tuyn
Cc d n cui
cng
S liu thit k
(cc thng s)
2.2. Phng php thc hin:
2.2.1.Cht lng phc v:

Trc ht th hin mc tc nghn mt knh cho php.
N c o bng % lu lng tc nghn c th c trn lu lng ton
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 53 -

th s cuc gi. Lu lng ca mt thu bao c xc nh theo cng

thc sau:
A=
(nxT)/3600
n: S cuc gi trong mt gi ca thu bao.
T: Thi gian trung bnh ca cuc gi.
A: Lu lng mag 1 thu bao- n v tnh l Erlang. Theo gi
tr thng k in hnh n v T nhn gi tr sau:
n=1: Trung bnh 1 ngi 1 cuc trong mt gi.
T=120s: Thi gian trung bnh cuc gi l 120s.
Vy A = (1x120)/3600 = 0,033 Erlang = 33m Erlang.
Nh vy phc v cho 1000 thu bao cn lu lng l 33
Erlang, t con s ny tnh ton s knh yu cu trong mng
t ong.
Nu mt thu bao cn lu lng l 33m Erlang, n s chim
3,3% thi gian 1 knh TCH. Vy vi 30 thu bao c lu lng l 33m
Erlang s chim 100% thi gian 1 knh TCH nhng iu dn
n tc nghn cao khng th chp nhn c.
gim tc nghn ny phi gim ti xung bng cch tng
s knh thch hp phi cn c vo tng lu lng v tng ng vi tc
nghn c th chp nhn c. Nghn chp nhn c gi l cht lng
phc v (Grade of Service) thng l 2-5%. Vi 1 mc GOS c th
tnh c s knh thch hp theo bng sau:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 54 -

Ch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
1%
2%
.01010
.15259
.45549
.86942
1.3608
1.9090
2.5009
3.1276
3.7825
4.4612
51599
5.8760
6.6072
7.3517
8.1080
8.8750
9.6516
10.437
11.230
12.031
12.838
13.651
14.470
15.292
16.125
16.959
17.797
18.640
19.487
20.337
21.191
22.048
22.909
23.772
24.638
25.507
26.378
27.252
28.129
29.007
30.771
.02041
.22347
.60221
1.0923
1.6571
2.2759
2.9354
3.6271
4.3447
5.0840
5.8415
6.6147
7.4015
8.2003
9.0096
9.8284
10.656
11.491
12.333
13.182
14.036
14.896
15.761
16.631
17.505
18.383
19.265
20.150
21.039
21.932
22.827
23.725
24.626
25.529
26.435
27.343
28.254
29.166
30.081
30.997
31.916
Grate of Service (GOS )

3%
9%
10%
.03093
.28155
.71513
1.2589
1.8752
2.5431
3.2497
3.9865
4.7479
5.5294
6.3280
7.1410
7.9667
8.8035
9.6500
10.505
11.368
12.238
13.115
13.997
14.885
15.778
16.675
17.577
18.483
19.392
20.305
21.221
22.140
23.062
23.987
24.914
25.844
26.776
27.711
28.674
29.585
30.526
31.468
32.412
33.357
.05263
.38123
.89940
1.5246
2.2185
2.9603
3.7378
4.5430
5.3702
6.2157
7.0764
7.9501
8.8349
9.7295
10.633
11.544
12.461
13.385
14.315
15.249
16.198
17.132
18.080
19.031
19.985
20.943
21.904
22.867
23.833
24.802
25.773
26.746
27.721
28.698
29.677
30.657
31.640
32.624
33.609
34.596
35.584
.11111
.59543
1.2708
2.0454
2.8811
3.7584
4.6662
5.5971
6.5464
7.5106
8.4871
9.4740
10.470
11.473
12.484
13.500
14.522
15.548
16.579
17.613
18.651
19.692
20.737
21.784
22.833
23.885
24.939
25.995
27.053
28.113
29.174
30.237
31.301
32.367
33.434
34.503
35.572
36.643
37.715
38.787
39.861
20%
40%
Ch
.25000
1.0000
1.9299
2.9452
4.0104
5.1086
6.2302
7.3692
8.5217
9.6850
10.857
12.036
13.222
14.314
15.608
16.807
18.010
19.216
20.424
21.635
22.848
24.064
25.281
26.499
27.720
28.941
30.164
31.388
32.614
33.840
35.067
36.295
37.524
38.754
39.985
41.216
42.468
43.680
44.913
46.147
47.381
.66667
2.0000
3.4796
5.0210
6.5955
8.1907
9.7998
11.419
13.045
14.677
16.414
17.954
19.596
21.243
22.891
24.541
26.192
27.844
29.498
31.152
32.808
34.464
36.121
37.779
39.437
41.096
42.755
44.414
47.735
49.395
51.056
52.718
54.379
56.041
57.703
59.365
61.027
62.690
64.353
64.353
66.016
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 55 -

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
31.656
32.543
33.423
34.322
35.251
36.109
37.004
37.901
37.901
38.800
32.836
33.758
34.682
35.607
36.534
37.462
38.392
39.323
40.255
41.189
34.305
35.253
36.203
37.155
38.108
39.062
40.018
40.975
41.933
42.892
36.574
37.565
38.557
39.550
40.545
41.540
42.537
43.534
44.533
45.533
40.936
42.011
43.088
44.165
45.243
46.322
47.401
48.481
49.542
50.644
48.616
49.851
51.086
53.559
54.796
56.033
57.270
58.508
59.764
59.764
67.679
69.342
71.006
72.669
74.333
75.997
77.660
79.423
80.968
82.652
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Ch
1%
2%
3%
9%
10%
20%
40%
Ch
Cht lng phc v cn lin quan n c cc kh nng phc

v. Cc kh nng phc v c nh ngha nh sau:
+ Indoor: C th phc v di ng trong nh.
+ Incar: C th phc v di ng trong xe t.
+ Outdoor: Phc v bnh thng trong nh.
2.2.2.Lu lng phc v:
D on lu lng a ra s knh cn thit m bo c
yu cu v cht lng phc v. Chng hn d on 1 vng phc
v cho khong 1000 thu bao s c lu lng l 33 Erlang vi
GOS=2% tng s TCH cn thit tnh theo bng GOS l 60 knh.
Vng phc v c chia thnh mt s Cell. tuy nhin lu lng phc v
phn chia khng ng u cho mi Cell do vng ph c mt
thp th s TCH i hi t hn, vi vng c mt cao cn
nhiu TCH hn. T kt qu trn ta c th lp mt d nh v
t mt s trm gc BTS:
Cell
A
Lu lng %
40
Erlang
13,20
S knh
20
25
8,25
14
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 56 -

15
4,95
10
10
3,3
E
Tng s 5
10
100%
3,3
33,00
8
60
Cell
T bng chn ny chn cu hnh t BTS. Cc cu hnh
c t theo phng php truyn c trnh by trn (PC-CII).
2.2.3.Quy hoch mng (Cell):
Nguyn l c bn khi thit k cc h thng di ng t ong
l cc mu c gi l mu s s dng li tn s.
Theo nh ngha s dng li tn s l s dng cc knh v
tuyn vng mt tn s sng mang ph cho cc vng a l
khc nhau. Cc vng ny phi c cch nhau c ly ln mi
nhiu giao thoa ng knh (C/I) xy ra c th chp nhn c. V
vy m hnh quy hoch c nh hng rt ln n t s C/I, C/A.
Khi m hnh k hiu N/M trong N l v tr t i trm v M
l s Cell trong mt vng s dng ton b di tn cho php. Trong
mng thng tin di ng s c 3 m hnh s dng li tn s l
3/9, 4/13, 7/21 (v d mu s dng li tn s 4/12 c s dng bi
VMS). Mi loi u c nhng thun li vag hn ch ca n, ph hp
vi tng nc m chn mu s dng li tn s no.
Khong cch gia 2 Cell c cng tn s c tnh theo cng
thc:
D = R 3 M
M: S cell trong 1 vng s dng ht tn s.

R: Bn knh ca Cell.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 57 -

Vy vi 3 m hnh s dng li tn s ni trn ta tnh c

khong cch gia 2 cell c cng tn s l:
M hnh 3/9: D=5,2R
M hnh 4/12: D= 6R
M hnh 7/21: D=7,9R.
Ch nh knh:
Trong cc mu s dng li ton b th cc sng mang trong
cng 1 BTS phi khc nhau sng mang trong 1 cell l rt hn

ch. Cch phn b sng mang nh bng di y:
Bng ch nh knh cho m hnh 4/12:
Nhm knh
tn
Cc knh
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
3
9
13 14 15 16 17 18 .... ...
3 3
3
10 11 12
.... .... ...
...
Theo mu s dng trn cc sng mang cng Cell cch nhau

12 sng, cc sng cng v tr cch nhau 4 sng.
Kh nng p dng:
M hnh 3/9: M hnh ny c sng mang dng trong 1 cell l
ln tuy nhin kh nng nhiu ng knh, nhiu knh ln cn l

cao v khong cch di tn gia cc sng mang l nh. Kh nng
p dng cho nhng vng c mt my di ng cao, kch thc
Cell l nh nhng vng ph sng d dng cc knh tn hiu nhiu
cho phainh ph hp cc phc v Indoor cho cc khu cao tng.
-
M hnh 4/12: S dng cho nhng vng c mt trung
bnh s knh trong 1 cell cho php t hn, nhiu ng knh t
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 58 -

khi l 1 vn ln. Vi m hnh ny kch thc Cell c th m

rng ph hp vi cc vng dn c t nh cao tng.
-
M hnh 7/21: C th phc v cho nhng khu vc c mt
thp, khi s knh cn cho 1 cell l nh. Ta thy loi ny c

khong cch di tn gia cc knh ln cn ln cc cell ng knh
cch nhau xa do m hnh ny thch hp vi vng c mt di
ng nh.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 59 -

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quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

Phn II: Cc gii php k thut cho giao tip v tuyn

2.1 Cu hnh knh trn giao tip v tuyn

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

2.3 Cc trng hp v th tc thng tin

2.1 Cu hnh knh trn giao tip v tuyn

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

Phn I. Gii thiu tng quan GSM

H thng thng tin di ng t lu l mt khao kht ln

Th h th nht: Sau nm 1946. Kh nng phc v nh, cht

lung khng cao, gi c t.

Th h th hai: T nm 1970 n 1979. Cng vi s pht

trin ca processor m ca cho vic thc hin mt h thng

Th h th ba: L mng t ong tng t (1979-1990). Cc

trm thu pht c t theo hnh t ong, mi l 2 cell. Mng

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

+ AMPS (Advanced Mobile phone service): a vo hot ng

thoi di ng tng t ca cc nc Bc u (1981).

AMPS c lp t Anh nm 1985.

+ GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): a vo

hot ng ti Chu u t nm 1992.

Bng 1. Gii thiu mt s mng t ong tng t c vn

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

1.2. Mng thng tin di ng GSM:

T u nm 1980 sau khi h thng WMT c a vo

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

ny lm c s cho vic xy dng mng thng tin di ng v lm

nhngmc ch y l h thng cn cho php chuyn vng t do

H thng c thit k sao cho MS c th c dng trong tt

Cng vi phc v thoi, h thng phi cho php s linh hot

ln nht cho cc loi dch v khc lin quan n mng lin kt s

To mt thng c th phc v cho cc MS trn cc tu vin

dng cng nh mt mng m rng ca cc dch v di ng mt

nh cc h thng di ng tng t trc trong iu kin thc t.

H thng c kh nng mt m ho thng tin ngi dng m

khng nh hng g n h thng, cng nh khng nh hng n

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

H thng cho php kh nng s dng di tn t hiu qu

cao c th phc v vng thnh th ln vng nng thn cng

Di tn s hot ng: 890-960MHz.

H thng GSM900 phi c th cng tn ti vi cc h thng

dng 900MHz trc y.

hoch nh s cng da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT. H thng

h thng bo hiu c tiu chun ho quc t.

Mng thng tin di ng l mng khng dy, cc thu bao l di

Qun l di ng (MM: Mobile Management).

Qun l tim nng v tuyn (RM: Radio Management).

Land Mobile Network), mng di ng cng cng mt t. PLMN

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

BTS Onnidirectional vi anten v hng, c bc x ngoi khng

gian c gc nh hng l 3600.

BTS Sector vi 2 hoc 3 anten nh hng 1800 hay 1200, cc

v tuyn ny c sp xp dng t ong (Hnh v 1) v n da

Phn x khi gp vt cn.

Nhiu x t cc sng cng tn s.

Tn x khi gp chng ngi vt trn ng truyn.

Suy hao trong qu trnh truyn sng.

sut pht ca trm di ng cng b hn ch.

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng

Cc loi nhiu do tn hiu thu c khng phi l trc tip t

hn.Vi h thng GSM di tn t 890MHz-960MHz c chia lm hai

Bng tn ln (Uplink band): Di tn t 890MHz-915MHz cho

cc knh v tuyn t BTS-MS.