Master Grammar - On Tap Ngu Phap

VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city
MASTER ENGLISH GRAMMAR

1st edition Vietnam Maritime University Nam Hoang Van
Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty
Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION Master Grammar l gio trnh do tc gi bin son gip cc hc sinh, sinh vin master li ton b chng trnh ng php Ting anh, c mt h thng ng php logic trc khi bc vo cc kho hc luyn thi TOEFL, IELT, GMAT , gio trnh cng phc v rt tt cho hc sinh, sinh vin luyn cc k nng trong ting anh, c bit l reading comprehension v writing. Gio trnh c trinh by mt cch tng qut m ngn gn, logic cho hc sinh, sinh vin d hiu, d nh v c th nh lu. Gio trnh bao gm 12 bi l thuyt v c bi tp i km tng ng trnh Intermidiate, hc trong 36h. Trong , 24h l thuyt v 12h bi tp, trong qu trnh hc c cc bi Test tip cn vi dng bi thi ca TOEFL, IELT. Trong qu trnh bin son khng trnh c sai st, knh mong s gp ca bn c. Mi thng tin xin gi v theo a ch sau. Xin Chn thnh cm n! Hong Vn Nam Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com Phone No: 0989817762 Yahoo ID: manhquynh11@yahoo.com
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city CONTENTS Phn I PHN I..................................................................................................................................................5 Unit1: TENSE.....................................................................................................................................5 Present simple tense .........................................................................................................................5 Present continuous tense...................................................................................................................5 Present perfect tense..........................................................................................................................6 Past simple tense...............................................................................................................................7 Past continuous tense........................................................................................................................7 Past perfect tense...............................................................................................................................8 Perfect continuous tense....................................................................................................................8 Past perfect continuous tense............................................................................................................8 Future tense.......................................................................................................................................8 Unit 2: VERB PATTERNS...............................................................................................................10 V-ing...............................................................................................................................................10 V + to + V.......................................................................................................................................10 V + O + V........................................................................................................................................11 Unit 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES............................................................................................13 Zero conditional sentences..............................................................................................................13 First conditaional sentences............................................................................................................13 Second conditional sentences..........................................................................................................13 Third conditional sentences.............................................................................................................14 Note: ...............................................................................................................................................14 Unit 4: COMPARISON...................................................................................................................15 Adjective comparison......................................................................................................................15 Adverb comparison.........................................................................................................................16 2.Double comparison......................................................................................................................17 Unite 5: PASSIVE SENTENCES....................................................................................................18 Form:...............................................................................................................................................18 Examples:........................................................................................................................................18 Use:.................................................................................................................................................18 Note:................................................................................................................................................19 Unit 6: REPORTED SPEECHS.......................................................................................................20 Reported Statements........................................................................................................................20 Reported questions..........................................................................................................................21 Reported commands, requests, advices, invitation.........................................................................21 Unit 7 MODAL VERBS..................................................................................................................23 Form:...............................................................................................................................................23 Use:.................................................................................................................................................23 Unit 8: SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES.......................................................................26 Linking words.................................................................................................................................26 Relative clauses with: who, which, that and reduced clauses........................................................27 Unit 9: OTHER PROBLEMS...........................................................................................................29 Expression of quantity: all, most, some, half, none........................................................................29 Singular and plural nouns/ countable and uncountable nouns........................................................29 A/an and The...................................................................................................................................30 Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 3
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Position of Adjectives and Adverbs................................................................................................31 Word form:......................................................................................................................................33 Parallel structure..............................................................................................................................35 Inverted subjects and verbs.............................................................................................................36 Time prepositions............................................................................................................................37 Place prepositions............................................................................................................................38 Movement prepositions..................................................................................................................39 4. Other prepositions......................................................................................................................40 Unit 11: SPECIAL FORMS..............................................................................................................41 Unit 12: IDIOMS..............................................................................................................................44 Unit1: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: Unit 7 Unit 8: Unit 9: Phn II EXERCISES TENSES...........................................................................................................................47 VERB PATTERNS..........................................................................................................55 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.......................................................................................57 COMPARISON...............................................................................................................59 PASSIVE SENTENCES.................................................................................................62 REPORTED SPEECHS..................................................................................................66 MODAL VERBS.............................................................................................................68 SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES..................................................................69 OTHER PROBLEMS....................................................................................................70 Phn III ANSWER KEY
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city PHN I Unit1: TENSE
Present simple tense a. Form: am do/does have/has V be are dont/doesnt havent/hasnt V is V-s/V-es - V-s: i vi hu ht cc ng t chia ngi th 3 s t bng cch thm s. i vi cc ng t m phin m cui cng l: p, f, , t, k. Th khi thm s, c l /s/. Ex: stops, baths, starts, makes - V-es: i vi nhng ng t m ui l: ch, sh, s, x, o khi chia ngi th 3 s t bng cch thm es, c l /iz/ ngoi tr trng hp V-oes, c l /z/. - V-y: V-ies. (quy tc ny tng t i vi thm ed, ly, er, est. Ex: studied, heavily, easier, luckest). - V-ie: V-ies. - V-nguyn m-y: i vi cc ng t m kt thc l nguyn m + y th vn gi nguyn y v ch thm s m thi. Ex: plays, destroys, enjoys, buys b. Use: - THTD dng din t 1 s tht hin nhin ng, lun lun ng. - THTD dng din t 1 thi quyen, 1 hnh ng lp i lp li nhiu ln. - Cc trng t thng dng (Adv): every day, every time...,often, always, usually, sometimes, ordinary, rarely, seldom,really, actually c. Examples: \ The river is 70 km long. \ The moon runs around the earth. \ I usually get up late. \ I really feel hot, It is about 37 degree centigrade. Present continuous tense a. Form: Be + V-ing Note: V-ing: \ V+ing V-ing \ V-e: V-ing (b e). Ex: making, stating, loving \ V-ie V-y-ing: lie lying, tie tying, die dying \ V-y V-ying. Ex: studying, trying \ i vi cc ng t m kt thc l 1 nguyn m ng gia 2 ph m v trng m ri vo m cui, khi chuyn sang dng V-ing chng ta phi i ph m cui. Nu nh trng m khng ri vo m cui th khng gp i. Quy tc ny cng ng vi cc ui: ed, er, est. (1.1) Ex: \ running, stopping, beginning, (gp i). \ entering, following (khng gp i). Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 5
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city b. Use: - THTTD dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra ta thi im ni, hoc xung quanh thi im ni. - THHTD cng dng din t 1 hnh ng sp xy ra tng lai, c k hoch, sp t trc, gn lin vi 1 thi im c th. - Adv: now, at the moment, at the present c. Examples: \ What are you doing now? Im reading newspaper. \ We are learning English at the moment. \ Im studying master degree at Hanoi University of technology. \ He is working for a foreign company. Note: Mt s ng t ch cm gic, hay tnh cht ca s vt khng chia dng tip din bt k th no. Tuy nhin khi ni n hnh ng ca ng t th c th chia dng V-ing: Cc ng t bao gm: know believe hear see smell wish understand hate love like want sound have need appear seem taste own Ex: \ He has a lot of books. \ He is having dinner now. (ng t hnh ng: n ti) \ I think they will come in time \ I'm thinking of my test tomorrow. (ng t hnh ng: ang ngh v) Present perfect tense a. Form: have/has + PII V-ed been, had, done. V-BQT Note: - V-ed: \ V-ed: V + ed \ V-y: V-ied: studied, applied, hurried, \ V-nguyn m + y: i vi cc ng t m kt thc l nguyn m + y th vn gi nguyn y v ch thm ed m thi. Ex: played, enjoyed, destroyed \ V-ie: V-ied. \ Vic thm ui ed xem Note (1.1) ni trn. - Cch c ui ed: \ i vi cc ng t ui l t hoc d khi thm ed, ed c c l id. \ i vi cc ng t phin m cui l: p, f, s, , k, sau khi thm ed, ed c c l /s/. \ Cc ng t cn li, ed c l /z/. b. Use: - THTHT dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh, ko di n hin ti hoc kt qu hnh ng lin quan n hin ti. - Adv: for 4 months, for 5 years, since 1999, since I was a child, already, not...yet, ever, never, recently, sofar =up to now - Khi gp mt hnh ng, mt thng tin mi xut hin ta dng THTHT, thng thng c i km just. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 6
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city c. Examples: \ I have learnt English for 5 years. \ I have ever eaten sharp meat, \ I have just finished my exam, I feel tired. Note: - Khng dng THTHT nu khng c s lin quan n hin ti, chng hn s vic xy ra qu lu, khng cn kh nng xy ra na. Hy so snh: \ Shakepeare wrote many plays. (He died too long time ago). \ I have written for many plays. (I still write plays now). - THTHT nhn mnh kt qu hnh ng m khng quan tm n thi im xy ra hnh ng, cn TQKD th tp trung vo thi im xy ra hnh ng. \ When did you arrive? 10 years ago. \ How long have you been here? For 10 years. Past simple tense a. Form: Be were/was have/has had do/does did V-ed / VBQT b. Use: - TQKD dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh v kt thc trong qu kh. - Adv: yesterday, last time, last week,3 days ago, 10 decades ago,in 1990, in september 2000, on march 4th 1999,at 8.00am on on march 4th 1999. c. Examples: - Yesterday, We met him in the cinema. - I came back Vietnam in 1999. - When did you start studying English? 5 years ago. Note: Khi din t 1 hnh ng xy ra lp i lp li trong qu kh, nhng hnh ng khng cn tip tc din ra na th chng ta dng cu trc: Used to \ I used to play football when I was a student, now Im very busy working, I dont have free time to play football. \ I used to live alone when I was a student, now I live with my family Past continuous tense a. Form: were/was + V-ing b. Use: - TQKTD dng din t 1 hnh ng ang xy 1 thi im c th trong qu kh, th ny tp trung vo qu trnh din ra hn l thi im xy ra hnh ng. c. Examples: \ I was playing chess at 8.00am yesterday. \ What were you doing at that time? I was whatching TV. \ At this time last year, I was studying at Vietnam Maritime University. Note: - Ngi ta thng s dng TQKTD din t 1 hnh ng ang din ra th c 1 hnh ng khc xen vo trong qu kh. Cc lin t thng s dng l: when while as: khi, lc \ When I was teaching English, he came in. \ When we watching a film on TV, electric went off. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 7
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ While my mother was cooking, my father read newspaper. - Khi din t 2 hnh ng song song cng xy ra (cho d hin ti, qu kh, hay tip din...) chng ta thng dng lin t while: trong khi, ang khi. \ While he is studying Enlish, his brother is listening to music. \ He answers the phone while he drives to his office. \ My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV. Past perfect tense a. Form: had + PII b. Use: - TQKHT dng din t 1 hnh ng din ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh. - Cc lin t thng s dng: before, after, when... c. Examples: \ Before I came here, I had completted my homework. \ I went home after I had closed the office door. \ When I came back, he had gone out Perfect continuous tense a. Form: have/has + been + V-ing b. Use: - THTTD dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh, ko di n hin ti v cn tip tc xy ra. c. Examples: \ We have been working on this project for 3 months. \ We have been waiting for her for 30 minutes. Note: Khc vi THTHT, THTTD khng tp trung vo kt qu hnh ng m tp trung vo qu trnh din ra. Past perfect continuous tense a. Form: had + been + PII b. Use: - TQKHTTD dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra ko di (dai ging) trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh. c. Examples: \ I have been waiting for her for 45 minutes before she came.(she came 10 minutes ago). Future tense a. Form: - Will/shall + V(withou to) - Be + going to - Be + V-ing (future tense) b. Use: - Will/shall (shall ch s dng vi ngi th nht I, We) Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 8
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ Dng din t 1 hnh ng sp xy ra tng lai (d on). \ Khi din t 1 s quyt nh ti thi im ni ta dng will. \ Dng sai khin ai lm g. - Be + going to: \ Dng din t 1 hnh ng sp xy ra tng lai (d on) nhng kh nng xy ra cao hn will. \ dng din t 1 hnh ng sp xy ra tng lai, kh nng xy ra ln hn will, thng gn lin vi 1 thi im c th. - Future tense: i khi ngi ta dng th hin ti tip din din t mt hnh ng sp sy ra tng lai, c k hoch sp t trc, thng gn lin vi mt thi im c th. Kh nng xy ra cao hn will v going to. c. Examples: \ We will attend the party. \ It will rain. \ It is going to rain. \ Im going to phone him later. \ Im flying to London tomorrow. Note: Khi d on 1 hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai c th dng will hoc going to, nhng kh nng xy ra ca going to l cao hn will. Poverty of good is easily cured, poverty of soul, impossible Michel De Montaigne. Ngho vt cht d cha, ngho tm hn khng cha c. A true friend is one who overlooks your failures and tolerates your successes - Doug Larson. Ngi bn thc s l ngi b qua nhng tht bi ca bn v khoan dung nhng thnh cng ca bn. Remember that great love and great achiverments involve great risk Mt tnh yu tuyt vi v mt thnh tu v i lun bao gm c s mo him.
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Unit 2: VERB PATTERNS
V-ing a. V + V-ing: ng t i sau cc ng t m t s yu ght, ch sc thi tnh cm c dng: V-ing. Ex: Love, like, enjoy, mind, hate, dislike, cant stand, dont mind, cant help, avoid, consider Examples: \ I love reading specialized books. \ I like watching action movies. \ We cant stand living in the big city. \ I cant help loving him, although he is shellfish and stupid. \ He doesnt mind cleaning house. b. V + V-ing: ng t i sau cc ng t ch s bt u, kt thc, tr hon hay tip tc ca hnh ng c dng: V-ing Ex: Begin, start, open, stop, finish, give up, deny, postpone, put off, cary on, continue, keep Examples: \ He started learning English 7 years ago. \ I have given up smoking for 2 weeks. \ They continue doing homework until mid-night. \ They stop supplying electric. \ The children finished leaning, then they went to the cinema. c. Preposition + V-ing: i vi mt s cu trc, sau gii t l dng V-ing. - To be good/bad at... - To be keen on/ interested in... - To be afraid/frightened/scared of Examples: \ She is good at speaking Chinese. \ My son is keen on reading detective stories. \ I am afraid of walking in the evening. d. V-ing: Nhng ng t ng u cu lm ch ng c chia di dng V-ing. Examples: \ Swimming in summer is very njoyable. \ Walking in the morning is a good way to keep our healh. e. Mt s cu trc c bit s dng V-ing: - Its no use crying. - Its no worth reading this novel. - There is no point in arguing. V + to + V a. V + to + V: agree, decide, hope, want, refuse, wish, manage, promise \ He hopes to pass the exam. \ The boy manages to climb up the wall. \ I wish to have a lot of money. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 10
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ Many vietnamese people want to work for foreign company because of high salary. b. V + O + to V: Dng sai khin, ra lnh, ngh, khuyn bo, mi ai lm vic g: tell, ask, advise, invite, allow, offer, order, permit, remind, teach Examples: \ Could you remind me to phone John tomorrow. \ I teach them to learn English. \ I told him to stay but he didnt. \ Our company doesnt allow us to smoke in the office. c. to be + Adj + to + V: - to be happy/glad/good/bad - to be possible/impossible/difficult/easy/hard - to be interesting/nice/ - Examples: \ It is very good to eat much fish. \ You are possible to complete all things before the deadline, I think. \ It is very interesting to talk with her. \ Its nice to meet you again. Note: - Sau ng t like, love c th dng c 2 V-ing hoc to V m ngha ca chng khng khc nhau lm. \ She likes watching action movies. \ She likes to watch action movies. - Mt s ng t c th dng c 2 dng: V-ing v to V nhng ngha ca chng khc nhau: Bng 1: V-ing (lm g) V + to + V( lm g) Stop +V-ing( ngng lm g) Stop + to +V (ngng lm g) - We stop learning at 11.30 am - We stop to take a rest Forget + V-ing (quyn lm g) Forget + to + V(quyn s lm g) - I forget sending the letter - Dont forget to send the letter Remember + V-ing (nh lm g) Remember + to + V(nh lm g) - I remember cloking it - You must remember to sign your name Try +V-ing (th) Try + to + V (c gng) - I tried starting the car but it didnt work - I tried to pass the exam but I couldnt Regret + V-ing (hi hn lm g) Regret + to + V ( rt tic phi lm g) - I really regret saying what I heard - We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job. V+O+V - let sb do: ai lm g. - Make sb do: khin ai lm g. - Help sb do: gip ai lm g. Examples: \ Let me pick you up at the gate. \ I make students learn much about grammar. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 11
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ She helps me play guitar. Note: i vi cc ng t ch gic quan nh: see, watch, hear, smell, feelc th chia dng dng sau: Tuy nhin c s khc nhau gia chng. Nu s chng kin l t u n cui chng ta dng dng V-ing, nu s chng kin t nhin xut hin, v trong 1 thi gian khng trn vn th chng ta dng dng nguyn th V. S + V + O/sb/sth + V/V-ing Examples: \ Yesterday, I saw a thief breaking into the bank near my house. \ I feel some one spy on me. \ Yesterday, I saw her walking near my house. Never laugh at anyones dream ng bao gi cui nho gic m ca bt c ai. Talk slowly but think quickly C th ni chm nhng hy suy ngh tht nhanh. Remember the 3 res : respect for self , respect for others and responsiblity for your actions Hy nh 3 iu: knh trng chnh mnh, knh trng nhng ngi khc v hy c trch nhim vi nhng vic lm ca mnh.
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VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Unit 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Zero conditional sentences a. Form: If /when + S + VHT, S + VHT b. Use: - Dng din t cc hnh ng m nu v 1 (v if) xy ra th v 2 chc chn xy ra, cng xy ra trong hin ti. c. Examples: \ If you eat a lot of yelly-fish, you get allergy. \ If you work too much, you feel tired. \ It is raining. If you go out now, you get wet. \ If you really want to learn English well, you need to learn pronunciation and grammar first. First conditaional sentences a. Form: If /when + S + VHT, S + will + V b. Use: - Dng din t nhng iu kin c th xy ra v c kt qu hin ti hoc trong tng lai. c. Examples: \ If I see it, I will tell you \ When I get home, I will phone her \ If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home \ If you come here, I will take you to the cinema Note: if not = unless: tr khi \ If you dont study harder, you will fail the coming exam \ You will fail the coming exam unless you study harder Second conditional sentences a. Form: If + S + VQK, S + would + V Note: be were/was: (i khi ngi ta dng were thay cho was). b. Use: - Din t iu kin khng th no xy ra c (khng c thc), nhng ang c ni hin ti hoc tng li. - Dng din t nhng mong mun, nhng c m, hay li khuyn c. Examples: \ If I were you, I wouldnt go \ If I were you, I would not let him go \ If I were 5 years younger, I would choose an other university \ If it were summer now, we would go swimming Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 13
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Third conditional sentences a. Form: If + S + VQKHT, S + would + have + PII b. Use: - Din t nhng hnh ng, iu kin khng th no xy ra trong qu kh. - Thng dng din t 1 s hi tic. c. Examples: \ If I had known how difficult the job was, I wouldnt have taken it \ If she hadnt been ill, she would have gone to the concert \ If I had looked the motorbike last night, It wouldnt have been stolen \ If I had worked hard, I wouldnt have failed the exam. \ I wish I had known John was ill, I would have gone to see him Note: i vi cu iu kin loi 3 cng c th dng: could, might, should thay cho would. Khi din t mt s nui tic c th kt hp mt v ca cu iu kin loi 3 v mt v ca th qu kh n: - If + S + VQKHT, S + would + V - If + S + VQK, S + would + have + PII Ex: \ If he didnt study, he wouldnt have become a student now. \ if he had gone out yesterday, he wouldnt meet accident. Robbing life of friendship is like robbing the world of the sun. Cuc sng thiu i tnh bn nh th gii mt i mt tri. Hold a true friend by hands. Gi bn thn bng c hai tay. A friend is the one who come in when the whole world has gone out Bn l ngi n vi mnh khi c th gii b i tt c..
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Unit 4:
COMPARISON
Adjective comparison 1.1. More comparison a. Form: - Be + Adj(short) - er + than - Be + more + Adj(long) + than - Short adjective: Bao gm cc tnh t 1 m tit v cc tnh t 2 m tit m c ui l: y, er, le, some, ow. Ex: pretty pretier, clever cleverer, noble nobler, handsome handsomer, marrow narower - Long adjective: bao gm cc ng t c 2 m tit tr ln v cc ng t 2 m tit m kt thc khng phi l cc ui: y, er, le, some, ly, ow. Ex: tired, boring, useful - Adj(short)-er: \ Adj(short) + er \ Adj(short)-e Adj(short)-er ( ch thm r) \ Adj(short)-y Adj(short)-ier (chuyn y thnh i ri mi thm r) \ i vi cc tnh t m kt thc l 1 ph m ng gia 2 ph m v trng m ri vo m tit cui th chng ta phi gp i ph m cui trc khi thm r. Ex: bigger, hotter, fatter - Note: ch 1 s dng c bit xem bng 2. b. Examples: \ Today is hotter than yesterday \ Nam is taller than his sister \ He is cleverer than any one in my class \ My younger brother is lazier than I 1.2. Less comparison a. Form: - Be + not + so/as + Adj (short/long) + as - Be + less + Adj (short/long) + than b. Examples: \ Korea films now are not as interesting as before \ Korea films now are less interesting than before 1.3. Equal comparison a. Form: Be + as + Adj (short/long) + as b. Examples: - Hang is as tall as Thuy - I want a new secretary who is as efficient as the previous 1.4. Superity comparison a. Form: - Be + the + Adj(short)-est + (N) + in/of - Be + the most + Adj(long) + (N) + in/of Note: - Quy tc thm est tng t nh quy tc thm er. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 15
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Cc gii t thng s dng trong cu so snh nht l: \ in: sau in l 1 tp th \ of: sau of l 1 s lng b. Examples: \ Amazon is the largest river in the world \ He is one of 10 the most famous scientists in the world \ That bulding is the biggest in Viet nam 1.5. Mt s gii t cn lu trong cu so snh - Similar to sth : Ex: Her story is similar to my story. - Different from: Ex: Vietnamese culture is very different from American culture. - The same as: I study the same University as Hung - To look like: he looks like his father. Adverb comparison 2.1. Note - Quy tc so snh trng t cng tng t nh quy tc so snh tnh t, khc vi tnh t, cc trng t khng thng xuyn i vi to be m thng i vi ng t. \ V + Adv(short) + er + than \ V + more + Adv(long) + than \ V + less + Adv(short-er/long) + than \ V + as + Adv(short/long) + as \ V + the Adv(short)- est \ V + the most + Adv(long) - i vi cu trc khng so snh th trng t c thnh lp bng cch thm ui ly vo sau tnh t: Ex: quickly, badly, tr 1 s trng hp va l tnh t va l trng t. Ex: fast, hard, earlyHay mt s t khc bn thn n l trng t. Ex: now, then, there - i vi cu trc so snh ca trng t ngn, dng ca trng t ngn c dng nh dng ca dng ca tnh t ngn (Adj(short)-er). - i vi cu trc so snh ca trng t di, cc trng t di c thnh lp c thnh lp bng cch thm ui ly vo cui tnh t di. Ex: carefully, beautifully, correctly 2.2. Examples: \ I speak louder than my friends \ My father drive more carefully than I do \ In this company, he works less harder than any one \ He dances as beaytifully as his girl friend \ She finishes the job the best Note: Cn ch mt s tnh t v trng t bt quy tc. Bng 2: Adjective or adverb Comparative Superlative Farther(distance) The farthest far Further(abstract) The furthest Little Less The least Much More The most Many Good Better The best Well Bad Worse The worst Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 16
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Badly
2.
Double comparison - The Adj(short)-er/the more Adj(long), the Adj(short)-er/the more Adj(long): cng lm g th cng sao - Adj(short)-er and Adj(short)-er: cng ngy cng lm sao - more and more Adj(long): cng ngy cng lm sao Ex: \ the cheaper, the better. \ the more expensive, the better. \ The more you study, the smarter you will become. \ it is getting hotter and hotter. \ price is more and more expensive. Note: - Khi vit cu dng so snh c th p dng cc dng: rt gn, y hay o ng. nhng phi tun theo quy tc song song (s ni k hn trong bi sau) \ My sister spends more hours in the office than John (rt gn) \ My sister spends more hours in the office than John does (y ) \ My sister spends more hours in the office than does John (o ng) - Quy tc song song ngha l: morethan -erthan lessthan Same structrure Same structrure asas the sameas similarto Ex: \ What he did the same as what I did (notthe same as I did). \ Music in my country is similar to music in your country (not similar to your country). It is better to have loved and lost than never to have lost at all Samuel Butler. Yu ri mt mt cn hn chng mt g bao gi. First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity G. Bernard Shaw. Mi tnh u ch l mt cht kh di v nhiu t m. A man can hide all things, excepting twains: that he is drunk and that he is in love Anti Phanes Ngi n ng c th du mi th, tr 2 iu ny: say ru v ang yu.
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Unite 5: Form:
PASSIVE SENTENCES
Be + PII + (by) - HT: am/are/is + PII - QK: were/was + PII - HTHT: have/has + been + PII - Modal verbs: will, can, may, might, must, could, should, ought to modal verb + be + PII - TD: be(am, are, is) + being + PII Examples: \ Is this room cleaned every day? \ Im not often invited to parties (active form: they often dont invite me to parties). \ This house was built in 1930 by my grandfather (active form: my grandfather built this house in 1930). \ HIV medicine has been found by scientists (active form: scientists have found HIV medicine). \ He should be broght to a near hospital (active form: we should bring him to a near hospital). \ The letter must be written in English (active form: you must write the letter in English). \ The stolen car is being looked for by the police (active form: the police are looking for the stolen car). Use: Khi chuyn sang cu b ng, tn ng ca cu ch ng c chuyn ln lm ch ng ca cu b ng, cn ch ng ca cu ch ng chuyn thnh tn ng ca cu b ng hoc c b i. Tn ng ca cu b ng ng sau by, i vi cc tn ng mang tnh chung chung nh: people, someone, something, they th b by v tn ng sau by. Cn i vi I, we, you, she, he th tu tng trng hp m c th b i hay gi nguyn. Chng ta ch gi li tn ng khi n ngi hay vt xc ng.
Ex: \ this book must be picked up (by some one). \ this building was destroyed in 1954 by american soldiers. - Thng thng ngi ta dng cu ch ng l nhm tp trung (nhn mnh) vo ch ng, cn dng cu b ng th tp trung (nhn mnh) vo tn ng, xem nh ch ng hoc khng xc nh c chnh xc ch ng. Ex: \ A lof money was stolen in a robery yesterday (some one stole it but we dont know who) \ My mother cleans this room every day (empathise at subject (my mother)) \ This room is cleaned every day ( some one clean this room but we dont care who does it). Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 18
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Ngi ta thng dng cu b ng trong cc vn kin khoa hc khi ta mun ni ci g c lm t ci g, hay lm nh th no. Ngi ta cng dng cu b ng ni v lch s ca s vt. \ Paper is made from wood. \ This car is made of steel. \ The bridge was built in the 19th century. Note: Cc ni ng t khng c dng b ng m ch c ngoi ng t mi c dng b ng, mt s ng t va l ni ng t va l ngoi ng t th cng c dng b ng. Phn bit ni ng t v ngoi ng t: Ni ng t: Din t hnh ng ni ti ca ngi ni hay ngi thc hin hnh ng. Ni ng t khng cn c tn ng trc tip i km. Nu c th phi c gii t i trc v cm t ny s ng vai tr trng t ch khng phi l tn ng trc tip. Ex: \ He walks, (he walks in the sun). \ Birds fly, (birds fly in the sky). Ngoi ng t: Din t hnh ng gy ra trc tip ln ngi hoc vt. Ngoi ng t lun c tn ng i theo sau hon thnh ngha ca cu. Ex: \ I give him a book. \ My mother shouts at me. S phn bit ni ng t v ngoi ng mang tnh tng i, mt s ng t c th l ni ng t trong cu ny, nhng cng c th lm ngoi ng t trong cu khc. Ex: Ni ng t The Train stopped He runs My job begins at 8.00 am
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Ngoi ng t The driver stopped the Train He runs the machine I begin my job at 8.00 am
Nu l ngi hoc vt trc tip gy ra hnh ng th dng by nhng nu l vt gin tip gy ra hnh ng th dng with. \ The bird was shot with the gun. \ The bird was shot by the hunter.
Ex:
Chng ta c th dng get thay th cho be, dng ny thng gp trong vn ni khi mun din t ci g xy ra t ngt, m t khi gp trong vn vit.
Ex: \ I got hit by a car (I was hit by a car). \ I often get asked this question (we are often asked this question). Mt s cu trc trong ting anh trng c v nh b ng nhng khng phi l b ng: + Sb have/get sth done: thu ai lm vic g .
Ex: \ I had my cell phone repaired yesterday (hm qua ti a in thoi di ng i sa). \ I got my hair cut last Friday (th su tun trc ti i ct tc). Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 19
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city + Sth need/needs V-ing: ci g cn phi lm. Ex: \ This room needs cleaning ( this room needs to be cleaned). Unit 6: REPORTED SPEECHS
Reported Statements a. Form: S1 + said/told (Sb2) + (that) + S + V-one tence back. V-one tence back: ngha l li li mt th so vi cu trch dn trc tip. Tham kho Bng sau: Bng 3: Th Hin ti thng HTT QKT QKHT Hin ti tip din HTTD QKTD QKHTTD Hon thnh HT QKHT QKHT Hon thnh tip din HTTD QKHTTD QKHTTD Tng lai To be going to were/was going to Will Would Can Could May Might Modal Verbs Must Had to Shall Should Should Should Could Could
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Khi chuyn sang cu gin tip cc tn ng cng c chuyn i cho ph hp.
Cc trng t ch thi gian v khng gian cng c thay i nh sau: \ Now then \ Today That day \ Yesterday The day before/the previous day \ The day before yesterday Two days before \ Tomorrow The next/ the following day \ The day after tomorrow In two days later \ Next + year/month/week The following + year/month/week \ Last + year/month/week year/month/week + before/The previous + year/month/week \ 3 years/5 months ago 3 years/5 months before \ This, these That, those \ Here, Overhere There, Overthere b. Examples: \ I love you, he says. He said that he loved her. \ The weather is fine to day, she says. Nam Hoang Van Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty
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VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city She said that the weather was fine that day. \ Im going to buy a laptop for you tomorrow, he tell his daughter. He told her that he was going to buy a laptop for her the next day. \ Helen: I was writing a letter at 8.am yesterday Helen said told me that she had been writing a letter at 8.am the previous day. Reported questions a. Form: - S1 + asked (Sb2) + Wh/how + S + V-one tence back. (1) - S1 + asked (Sb2) + if/whether + S + V-one tence back. (2) Note:
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Cng thc (1) p dng cho cu hi c t hi nh cc cu hi: what, which, where, when, why, how; cn cng thc (2) p dng cho cu hi yes/no, khi if/weather mang ngha l liu. Ch khi chng ta dng mu cu: whetheror th khng dng if thay th cho whether.
Sau khi chuyn i sang dng gin tip, th kt thc cu l du chm ., ch khng phi l du hi ? b. Examples: \ what are you doing now?, she asked me. She asked me what I was doing then. \ why didnt you go to newyork last year?, John asked me. John asked me why I hadnt gone to newyork the year before. \ do you know her address?, Jane asked David. Jane asked David if he knew her address. \ Robert: do I have to sign this contract? Robert asked me if he had to sign that contract. Reported commands, requests, advices, invitation a. Form: - S1 + asked/told + Sb2 (not) + to do sth: ra lnh/yu cu ai lm hay khng c lm g. - S1 + advised/encouraged + Sb2 (not) + to do sth: khuyn/ng vin ai lm hay khng lm vic g. - S1 + invited + Sb2 + to do sth: Mi ai cng lm g . - S1 + warned + Sb2 + not + to do sth: cnh bo ai khng c lm g. b. Examples: \ Could you close the window!, he said. He asked me to close the window. \ Dont run so fast, she said to his son. She told her son not to run so fast. \ dont worry, he told me. He advised me not to worry. \ would you like to go to the cinema, he said to his girl friend. He invited his girl friend to go to the cinema. 21 Nam Hoang Van Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ you mustnt go out tonight, Jonh said to his son. John warned his son not to go out that night. Note: - Khi ni li li ca ngi khc ni, m hin nay iu vn cn ng th chng ta khng cn chuyn i dng ca ng t: Ex: \ Swimming in the summer is my favourtite, Ana. Ana said that swimming in the summer is her favourite. \ I want to get married. She said she wants to get married. - Ch s khc nhau ca tell v say: Chng hn: Go home! \ khng ni: He said me go home, or He told, go home. \ M hy ni: He told me to go home, or He said, Go home!. Love is not getting, but giving. Tnh yu khng phi l iu ta nhn uc m l nhng g ta cho i. Love gegets love. Tnh yu sn sinh ra tnh yu. Bried is life but love is long. Cuc i ngn nhng tnh yu th trng cu .
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Unit 7 Form:
MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should. Ngoi ra Ought to, used to, dare v need cng c s dng nh ng t khuyt thiu, dare, need: c th s dng nh l ng t thng. - S + modal verb + V. - Modal verb + S + V? Note:
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Cc ng t khuyt thiu c cng mt dng i vi tt c cc ngi (khng thm s ngi th 3 s t). ng t i sau ng t khuyt thiu c dng l nguyn th khng c to. Khng dng 2 ng t khuyt thiu ng lin nhau trong 1 cu. Trong cu hi, chng ta khng dng tr ng t do, m o ng t khuyt thiu ln u cu.
Cc dng vit tt: can not cant could not couldnt will not wont must not mustnt shall not shant might not mightnt would not wouldnt should not shouldnt ought not oughtnt Tuy nhin trong Amarican English nhn mnh vo ng t khuyt thiu, cc ng t khuyt thiu sau thng dng y m vit tt: must not, shall not, might not, and ought not. Use: 2.1. Can: dng ni v kh nng, kh nng c th xy ra, hoc xin php. Ex: \ I can swim very well. \ It can rain. \ Can I leave now. 2.2. Could: dng yu cu/ ngh ai lm g nhng mang tnh lch s. Ex: \ Could you help me learn Grammar. 2.3. May: Dng din t v kh nng xy ra ca hnh ng, nhng mc thp hn Can, May thng c dng trong cu xin php mang tch cht lch s. \ May I go out. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 23
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 2.4. Will/Shall:
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Dng din t mt hnh ng sp sa xy ra, dng d on, hay dng din t mt quyt nh ti thi im ni. Will s dng vi tt c cc ngi, cn Shall ch s dng i vi ngi th nht(I, We). Trong anh M ngi ta rt him khi s dng Shall.
Khi mun gip ai lm vic g , hay ngh ai lm vic g ta cng thng dng Will/Shall. Ex: \ you will have to quence here. \ It will rain soon. \ Ill go and close the door. ( I go and close the door immediately). \ Shall I help you. \ Will you turn down the volume, please? 2.5. Must:
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Dng din t mt s bt buc phi lm. Dng phn on tnh hung m chng ta cm thy l kh nng xy ra ln. ch l: ch dng cho th khng nh, th ph nh th ngha ca cu s l cm ai lm g . Khi phn on th ph nh chng ta dng Can not. \ We must do exercises in the evening. \ He must be here now. \ Someone must have stolen the motorbike last night. \ It cant be suny and hot today. \ They have just move here, so they cant know many people.
Ex:
Note: Chng ta dng Must v Have to u l din t s cn thit lm mt vic g , nhng chng ta cng cn s khc nhau gia chng. Must mang tnh cht c nhn, dng din t cm gic ca c nhn mnh. Cn Have to khng mang tnh cht c nhn m din t mt lut l hay thc t phi th. \ I must go now. I think this is necessary. \ I have to go now, because the meeting starts at 8.am, if I go later I will be late. \ I must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things I want to do. \ I have to get up early tomorrow. Im going to Ho Chi Minh city and my flight takes off at 8.am.
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Mustnt do something: khng c lm (mang ngha cm on). \ You mustnt go out until you complete you house work. \ You must be on time.
Dont have to do something = dont need to do something: khng cn lm g. \ You dont have to tell that. 2.6. Should:
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Ex:
Dng a ra mt li khuyn hay mt kin. Should have done something: ni v s hi tic, mt vic dng lm trong qu kh m li khng lm. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 24
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ It is too late, You should go to bed now. \ He should have learnt harder (in fact, He failed the exam). \ It was a great party last night. You should have come. Why didnt you come? 2.7. Would: Thng dng trong li mi, ngh. Would you like: bn c mun(lch s). \ Would you like a cup of coffee. \ Would you like to go to the cinema tonight. Note: Trong trng hp ngh ai lm vic g ta c th dng: Will/Shall, Can, Could, hay cng c th s dng Would. Tuy nhin Can v Could c dng nhiu hn. \ Would you be quiet, please? 2.8. Ought to: = Should 2.9. Might: Dng din t tnh hung kh nng xy ra thp. \ It might rain. (in fact, it is sunny and it hardly rain). Note: - Kh nng xy ra hnh ng c th sp xp theo th t tng dn nh sau: Cant < Might < May < Could < Can < Will < Going to < Must < Have to. Dng qu kh ca cc modal verb tham kho Bng 3 2.10.Had better (d better): Dng a ra li khuyn hay ngh.
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Had better do something: Nn lm g. Khc vi Should, Should c th dng cho mi trng hp, cn Had better ch s dng cho nhng trng hp c th. \ It is cold today, youd better wear a coat when you go out. \ I think all drivers should wear seat belts (dont use had better).
Success is a journey, not a destination. Thnh cng l mt hnh trnh, khng phi l ni n. On the way to success, there is no trace of lazy men. Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing! success brings success. Thnh cng dn n thnh cng
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Unit 8:
SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES
Linking words 1.1. Coordinate Connectors: for, and, but, or, so, yet. a. Form: S + V +, Coordinate Connector + S + V + Cc mnh c ni vi nhau bng mt lin t v du phy ,. b. Examples: -
He stays at home, for he was so ill. Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing. John is tall, but Davit is short. Robert must cook the dinner, or Linda will do it. His jacket was very durty, so his mother was very angry.
- Tom is tired, yet he is not going to sleep. 2.1. Subordinate Connectors: after, before, as, as soon as, as if, since, until, how, why, when, whenever, where, wherever, while, because, if, incase, unless, whether, although, even though, though, a. Form: - S + V + subordinate Connector + S + V - Adverb Connector + S + V, S + V Cc mnh c ni vi nhau bng mt lin t. Khi lin t ng gia 2 mnh th khng cn du phy. Khi lin t u cu th c du phy , ngn cch gia 2 mnh . b. Examples: \ After I go home, I will phone you. \ As soon as he arrived to Paris, he went to visit the highest tower. \ I have tought this unversity since My moved to Hai phong city. \ We stayed up and waited for him until he came home. \ I dont know when he can arrive. \ You should bring the coat with incase it rains. \ Although he feels better, he cant work today. \ Note: i vi mt s lin t nh: before, after, although, when, while: th mnh ng sau nhng lin t ny c th vit di dng rt gn: V-ing or V-ed (PII). (mnh rt gn xem thm mc 2 sau y). Ex: \ Before leaving, He gave me this key and told me to stay at home. \ After given a meal, They were questioned why They fled the country. \ Although not selected for the team, He attends all of the games as a fan. 26 Nam Hoang Van Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ When giving your speech, you should speak loundly and distinctly. Relative clauses with: who, which, that and reduced clauses Khi cn a thm thng tin v ngi hoc vt chng ta s dng mnh quan h vi cc i t quan h l: \ Who dng cho ngi. \ Which dng cho vt. \ That c th dng cho ngi hoc vt. Ex: \ The woman who/that is waving to us is the tour guide. \ The book which/that I gave you last time is my fathers. 1.1. Defining relative clauses: (mnh quan h hn nh). Mnh quan h hn nh a thm thng tin gii thch v ngi hoc vt m chng ta cn cp ti. Khi s dng mnh quan h hn nh cn lu :
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Khng s dng du phy ,. C th dng That thay cho Who or Which. Khi Who, Which, That: l tn ng th c th lc b .
Ex: \ The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday. The woman I wanted to see was away on holiday (b Who). \ Have you found the keys which you lost. Have you found the keys you lost (b Which). \ is there anything that I can do? is there anything I can do? (b That). Note: Ta thng s dng That lm ch ng sau cc t nh: something, anything, all, little, much, none and superity comparsion Trong cc trng hp ny Which t dng hn. 1.2. Undefining relative clauses: (Mnh quan h khng hn nh). Mt s mnh quan h c dng a thng tin v ngi hoc vt nhng thng tin ny khng cn thit gii thch ngi hoc vt m ta mun ni. Nhng mnh c gi l quan h khng hn nh. Khi s dng mnh quan h khng hn nh cn lu : -
C du phy , ngn cch gia danh t v mnh quan h, gia cc mnh quan h. Khng dng That thay cho Who or Which. (i khi That c th thay cho Which, nhng c kin cho l khng ng, v vy li khuyn l khng dng). Khng c lc b Who, Which.
Ex: \ These drugs, which is used to treat stomach ulcers, have been withdraw from sale. \ The master course, which I am taking, is more than one year left. \ John, who lives in japan, is a doctor. \ He tole me about his job, which he is enjoying very much. 2.3. Reduced clauses: Cc mnh quan h c th vit di hai dng rt gn nh sau: - V-ing: Mnh mang ngha ch ng. - V-ed (PII): Mnh mang ngha b ng. Mi cu c th c vit di dng y , hoc dng rt gn. Khi vit di dng rt gn chng ta lc b i t quan h Who, Which, That cng vi ng t to be. Hoc i vi Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 27
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city mnh quan h ng t khng phi l to be m l ng t thng V, th chng ta b i t quan h v bin i ng t v dng V-ing. Ex: \ Do you know the man who is speaking Chinese. Do you know the man speaking Chinese? (b Who is) \ The bridge which was built in 1954 was damaged yesterday. The bridge buit in 1954 was damaged yesterday (b Which was). \ The case that is on the table is mine. The case on the table is mine (b That is). \ I dont know the man who stands in front of us. I dont know the man standing in front of us (b Who, stands standing). Note: Khng phi lc no chng ta cng c th vit cu di dng rt gn. Chng ta ch c th rt gn khi ng t ng ngay sau i t quan h. Trong trng hp ng t khng ng ngay sau i t quan h (gia chng c 1 tn ng chng hn) th khng th vit cu di dng rt gn. \ The man That you have just met is a tour giude. \ The letter Which you sent me arrived yesterday. Tuy 2 v d trn v i t quan h l tn ng cho nn c th b That v Which. \ The man you have just met is a tour giude. \ The letter you sent me arrived yesterday. - Cui cng cn ch : i vi mnh quan h khng hn nh cng c th vit di dng rt gn. Xem v d sau: \ The White House, Which is located in Washington, is the home of the president. The White House, located in Washington, is the home of the president. Located in Washington, The White House is the home of the president. \ The president, Who is now preparing to give a speech, is meeting with his advisors. The president, now preparing to give a speech, is meeting with his advisors. now preparing to give a speech, The president is meeting with his advisors. Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing Franklin. Khi chn bn hy t t, khi thay i bn cng t t hn.
There are three faithful friends: an old wife, an old dog and ready money Franklin. C ba ngi bn trung thnh: mt ngi v tm cm, mt con ch nui t b v mt s tin d tr. True love will never die. Tnh yu thc s s khng bao gi cht.
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Unit 9:
OTHER PROBLEMS
Expression of quantity: all, most, some, half, none. a. Form: All/most/some/half + of + the/this/that/my/her+ (subject) + V All, most, some, half: i cng vi danh t khc lm thnh cm danh t. Trong trng hp ny cm danh t c th l danh t s nhiu hay s t ph thuc vo danh t theo sau. Nu danh t t theo sau l danh t s t th cm danh t l danh t s t. Nu danh t theo sau l s nhiu th cm danh t l danh t s nhiu. b. Examples: \ All of this book is interesting. \ All of these books are interesting. \ Some of the animals from the Zoo were released into the animal preserve. \ Most of the people in America now are from Erope. \ Half of the food that we bought yesterday smells. \ None of this money is mine. Note: - Cc t nh lng nh: all, some, no, any, most, much, many, little, few cng c th i cng vi danh t to thnh mt cm danh t. Cm danh t l s t hay s nhiu ph thuc vo danh t theo sau. Nu danh t t theo sau l danh t s t th cm danh t l danh t s t. Nu danh t theo sau l s nhiu th cm danh t l danh t s nhiu. Ex: \ All cars have wheels. \ Some people hate eating fish. \ No ones in my class can play tenis as well as john \ Most people want to be rich. \ Many things can change. \ We only have little sugar left. - Nhng chng ta cn ch s khc nhau gia 2 cch dng trn. Chng hn: \ All of the flowers in the garden are beautiful: tt c hoa trong vn u p. \ All flowers are beautiful: tt c cc loi hoa u p. Singular and plural nouns/ countable and uncountable nouns For singular nouns For plural nouns each both many much every two single many number amount one several few little a various fewer less 29
For countable nouns For uncountable nouns
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Note: - i vi cc t sau lun lun l danh t s t: anybody everybody nobody somebody each (+ noun) anyone everyone no one someone evry (+ noun) anything everything nothing something - Hu ht cc danh t khi chuyn sang s nhiu th chng ta thm s, hoc thm es i vi cc danh t tn cng l: -s, -sh, -ch, -x,-o. Ex: classes, matches, washes, boxesTuy nhin c mt s danh t khi chuyn sang s nhiu khng tun theo quy tc trn. Ex: \ Vowel change: man/men, woman/women, foot/feet, tooth/teeth, goose/geese, mouse/mice. \ Add en: child/children, ox/oxen. \ same as singular: deer, fish, salmon, sheep, trout. \ -is -es: analysis/analyses, axis/axes, crisis/crises. A/an and The a. A and An - Chng ta dng a trc danh t m c s t nu nh danh t bt u bng 1 ph m. Ex: a book, a man, a page - Chng ta dng an trc danh t m c s t nu nh danh t bt u l bng 1 nguyn m (a, e, i, o, u), hoc danh t bt u l 1 ph m h cm: Ex: an orange, an Automobile, an unhappy man, an hour, an honest man, an umbrella Nhng ch rng: a University ch khng phi l an University v phin m ca n: /ju:niv :s ti/. i khi nhn mnh ch mt iu g , thay v dng a hay an ngi ta dng one. Ex: close one eye, and then the other. b. The The y gi l mo t xc nh, n ng trc danh t m danh t xc nh. Khi danh t i cng vi the to thnh cm danh t, s dng cm danh t ny nh l danh t s t. Cc trng hp danh t xc nh nh sau: - Cp so snh nht: the best, the biggest, the most expensive - Vt duy nht: the sun, the earth, the north - Khi cp n cc cc danh t vi ngha chung chung: the whether, the climate, the human race, the atmosphere, the sea, the public, the environment, the sky, the ground, the wind, the future, the past,Tuy nhin khi mun m t nhng trng hp c th chng ta phi dng a hoc an. Xem v d sau: \ She could hear the wind whistling through the trees outside. \ There is a cold wind blowing from the north. - Trc danh t xc nh tnh cht, c im, v tr: the girl in blue - The + Adj: mang ngha ca mt giai cp, s dng nh mt danh t s nhiu: the old, the young, the poor, the rich - Khi vt hoc ngi nh ni xc nh r: Ex: \ what do you think of the book. (the book you are reading). \ This tastes lovely. What is in the glass. - The thng c s dng cng cm t: the ofthe of Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 30
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Ex: \ Pictures can help students learn the meaning of new words. \ The war has killed a quarter The Population of the country. \ He was woken by the sound of gunfire. - The cng thng c dng vi cc cu trc: \ all of the ,some of the(xem mc 1). \ theof: the back of, the beginning of, the bottom of, the end ofthe middle of, the side of, the top of Ex: at the top of this paper, there is a wide spot. - Khng dng the vi cc danh t: home, bed, church, court, prison, hospital, school, class, universitykhi chng thc s mang ngha cng dng ca chng, trong trng hp chng mang ngha khc vi cng dng thng thng ca chng th chng ta cng c th dng the. \ I go to school at 6.am ( Im a student). \ My father goes to the school to meet my teacher. Note: c th dng this, that, these, those, my, her, his, thay th cho the v ngc li the cng c dng thay th cho cc t trn. Position of Adjectives and Adverbs a. Position of Adjective:
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Tnh t ng trc danh t gii thch b ngha cho danh t. (Ex: a lucky man, a happy man) Tnh t ng sau ng t linking veb: To appear: c v To be: th, l To become: bt u tr nn To come: tr nn, n To fall: tr nn To feel: cm thy To get: tr nn To go: tr nn To grow: tr nn To keep: tip tc To look: trng c v To prove: ha ra, thnh ra To remain: vn c To run: tr nn To seem: hnh nh, dng nh To sound: nghe c v To smell: c mi To taste: c v To turn: tr nn To stay: vn c To make: lm cho To get: tr thnh To see: thy To find: nhn ra Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 31
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city Ex: \ Vietnamese people become independent and prosperos. Tnh t v ng ng sau ng t (khng bao gi ng trc danh t): alike, alive, alone, afraid, asleep. Ex: That snake is still alive.Tnh t ng sau nhng t sau y: something, everything, enything, nothing, none, anybody, everyone, anyone, someone. Ex: \ I have something new to tell you. \ There is nothing necessary to do now. - Tnh t ng sau t ch o lng: Ex: \ You are five minutes late. \ The rive 50 kilometers long. Note: Cc t all, both ng sau i t Ex: \We all hope you will be successful. \You both go out! b. Position of Adverb: Thng thng ph t c thnh lp bng cch thm ly vo sau tnh t, chng hn: usually, beautifully; ngoi ra c mt s t bn thn n c ngha l trng t, chng hn: here, there, nowhere, often, always; c mt s t va l tnh t va l trng t, chng hn: fast, hard Ph t c th b ngha cho ng t, tnh t hoc ph t khc. N c th ng u, ng cui cu, v cng c trng hp n c th ng gia cu. Nhng khi ng t c mt tn ng th ph t khng ng gia ng t v tn ng. xem v d: \ He has taken recently an English course. (sai) Cu trn nn c vit li nh sau: \ Recently, he has taken an English course. \ He has recently taken an English course. \ He has taken an English course recently. Note: Khi ph t ng gia cu, th n ng vo v tr ca not, nu trong cu c not ri th n ng sau not. Ex: \ I dont fully understand.
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Ph t ch ni chn thng ng cui cu, tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp c th cui cu.
Ex: \ There are a lot of books on the table. \ I go home, and he walks to work. \ Next to the window is a bookcase. \ on the wall is my family picture. Ph t ch tn sut bt nh nh: often, usually, always, rarely, regularly, seldom, never, thng ng v tr gia cu.
Ex: \ She regularly comes home after midnight. \ She is often late. Mt s ph t khc nh: sometimes, occasionally, normally c th ng u, cui hay gia cu. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 32
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ I normally get up after 6 oclock., but sometimes I have to be up by five. - Ph t ch thi gian thng ng u hoc cui cu, m t khi ng gia. Ex: \ I went to Paris yesterday. Hoc Yesterday I went to Paris. Ph t ch mc nh: very, too, extremely, quite, really, completely,thng ng trc tnh t hoc ng t. Ex: \ They are extremely happy. \ I really hate travelling by plane.
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Ph t ch bnh lun, quan im nh: personally, generally, chemically, technically c th ng u, cui, hay gia cu. Tuy nhin ngi ta thng t u cu hn. \ personally, I dont agree with you that solution.
Ph t ch s tp trung ch nh: even, only thng ng gia cu, nhng khi chng cp n ch ng th chng li ng trc ch ng. Ex: Only John solved the math problem ( John only solved the math problem).
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Trong ting anh trang trng, vn chng, ph t ch tn sut bt nh c ngha ph nh c th ng u cu. Khi chng ta phi dng cu trc o ng. Cc ph t kiu ny bao gm: only, never, not once, barely, hardly, rarely, seldom, at no time, no sooner.
Ex: \ Only once did rhe manager issue overtime paychecks. \ Never has John taken a vacation. \ Not once was he at home when I phoned. \ Hardy ever does he take time off. \ At no time can the woman talk on telephone. \ Barely had he finished the exam when the graduate assistant collected the papers. \ No sooner had she hung up the phone than it rang again. Word form: 5.1. Prefixes Thng thng trong ting anh, chng ta hay gp tin t c s dng kt hp vi tnh t to ra cc tnh t khc vi ngha i lp. Cc tin t hay gp nh: un, in, dis. Ex: happy/unhappy, comfortable/uncomfortable, direct/indirect, convenient/inconvenient, loyal/disloyal, similar/dissimilar Note: \ in tr thnh im ng trc cc tnh t bt u vi m hoc p. Ex: immature, impartial, impatien \ in tr thnh ir ng trc cc tnh t bt u vi r. Ex: irreplaceable, irreversible \ in tr thnh il ng trc cc tnh t bt u vi il. Ex: illegal, illiterate Tuy nhin in khng phi lc no cng cho ngha i lp. Ex: internal, import, insert, income
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Cc tin t un, dis kt hp vi cc ng t to ra cc ng t vi ngha i lp. Ex: undress, unbend, undo,unload, unlock, unwrap, unzip, disagree, disapprove, disbelieve, disconnect, dislike, disprove Sau y l mt s tin t khc: Prefix Meaning anti chng li Examples anti-war, antibiotic, intisocial Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 33
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city auto t ng autogragh, auto-pilot, autobiography Bi hai, hai ln bicycle, bi-monthy, biannual Ex trc, c, nguyn ex-wife, ex-president, ex-student Ex bn ngoi extract, exhale, excommunicate micro nh micro-computer, microwave, microscopic Mis sai, nhm misunderstand, mistranslate, misinform mono n monotonous, monologue, monogamous multi nhiu mutil-national, multi-purpose, mutil-racial over qu overdo, overtired, overeat post sau postwar, postgraduate, post-revolutionary Pro ng h pro-governmet, pro-revolutionary Re lp li retype, reread, replace, rewind Sub di Subway, submarine, under cha underworked, underused, undercooked a. 5.2. Suffixes Common noun suffixes:
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er/ or: s dng cho ngi thc hin mt hnh ng no . Ex: writer, worker, shopper, teacher, actor, operator, sailor, supervisor er/ or: cng c s dng cho vt. Ex: pencil-sharpener, bottle-opener, projector ion: c s dng thnh lp danh t c ng t. Ex: complication, pollution, reduction, admission ist: c s dng cho ngi chi cc nhc c. Ex: pianist, violinist, cellist ness: c s dng thnh lp danh t t tnh t, ch i vi cc tnh t ui y chng ta thay y bng i trc khi them ness. Ex: goodness, sadness, weakness, happiness, readiness
b.
less: c s dng thm vo sau danh t to thnh tnh t mang ngha i lp. Ex. Homeless, heartless Adjective suffix able/ible: Cc hu t ny kt hp vi ng t to ra tnh t vi ngha c th c lm. Ex: drinkable, washable, readable, countable, edible, flexible Verb suffix
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c.
d.
ise (or ize): dng kt hp vi tnh t to ra ng t. Ex: modernise, commercialise, industrialise, specialise. Mt s hu t khc -
ment (n): enjoyment, replacement ity (n): flexibility, ability, possibility hood (n): childhood, motherhood ship (n): friendship, partnership, membership al (n): refusal, arival ive (a): active, expensive, attractive Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 34
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - al (a): legal, national, natural -
ous (a): delicious, furious, generous ful (a): hopeful, beautiful, useful less (a): homeless, useless, harmless ify (v): beautify, purify, identify
Parallel structure 1. Trc v Sau cc t ni l cu trc song song: ngha l trc v sau t ni ny c cng mt dng cu trc. Chng hn cng l danh t, cng l ng t, cng l tnh t, cng l hin ti, cng l qu kh, cng l mt dng mnh and Same structrure but Same structrure or Ex: \ Yesterday, I met him and his girlfriend at the party. \ The exam was short but difficult. \ You can stay at home or go to the cinema with us. Khi vit cu di dng lit k, s cu trc song song niu hn 2 th c du phy (,) ngn cch gia chng. (Trong trng s cu trc song song l 2 th khng cn c du (,) nh trn). and but or Ex: \ I have been to Hai Phong city, Ha Long bay, and Da Lat city. 2. Cu trc song song c p dng vi cc thnh ng sau: (Same structure), (Same structrure) both either neither not only Ex: \ I know both where you went and what you did. \ Either Mark or Sue holds the book. \ The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse. \ He is not only an intelligent student but also a handsome student. Trong cu so snh ngi ta s dng cu trc song song: morethan -erthan lessthan asas the sameas similarto (Same structrure), The -er and or nor but also Same structrure
(Same structrure)
(Same structrure)
3.
Same structrure
Same structrure
The
-er
(Same structrure) 35
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city more Ex:
more
\ what he did the same as what I did (notthe same as I did) \ Music in my country is similar to music in your country (not similar to your country) \ The more we learn, the more we forget. \ The more we use the phone, the higher the bill will be. Inverted subjects and verbs 1. Cu o ng c cha trng t ph nh: Nhn chung, cu o ng thng c dng nhn mnh tnh c bit ca mt s kin no v thng c m u bng mt ph nh t. Nhm t: never (khng bao gi), rarely (him khi), seldom (him khi). Cu o ng cha nhng trng ng ny thng c dng vi ng t dng hon thnh hay ng t khuyt thiu v c cha so snh hn. Ex: \ Never have I been more insulted! \ Seldom has he seen anything stranger.
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Nhm t: hardly (hu nh khng), barely (ch va , va vn), no sooner (va mi), or scarcely (ch mi, va vn). Cu o ng cha trng ng ny thng c dng din t mt chui cc s kin xy ra trong qu kh. \ Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. \ No sooner had he finished dinner, when she walked in the door. 2. Nhm t kt hp sau Only nh: only after, only when, only then \ Only then did I understand the problem. 3. Nhm t: So, Such Form: So + tnh t + to be + Danh t Such + to be + Danh t + \ So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. \ So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. \ Such is the moment that all greats traverse. \ Such is the stuff of dreams. 4. Dng cu iu kin c cha o ng: Cu iu kin c cha o ng mang sc thi trang trng hn. Trong trng hp ny, thc hin mnh if v chng ta b qua, khng s dng if na \ Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes. \ Should he decide to come, please phone me immediately.
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Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends with a tear. Tnh yu bt u bng mt n ci, ln ln bng mt n hn v kt thc bng mt git nc mt. Never say goodbye if you still want to try - never give up if you still feel you can go on never say you don't love a person anymore if you can't let go. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 36
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city ng bao gi ni tm bit nu nh bn cn lu luyn, ng ni bao gi ni t b nu nh bn cm thy cn c th tip tc, ng bao gi ni anh khng yu em na nu nh bn khng th khng ngh n ngi y na. It's true that we don't know what we've got until we lose it, but it's also true that we don't know what we've been missing until it arrives. Unit 10: PREPOSITION Time prepositions a. At: ch thi gian chnh xc (chnh xc n gi). Ex. at 8 a.m, at 12:15 p.m Note: \ at times = sometimes \ at first (lc u) >< at last (cui cng) \ at the beginning ofEx. at the beginning of the month \ at the end of: cui. Ex. at the end of the year \ at + tn ngy l: at chrismas, at thanks giving, at Easter \ at midnight/noon: gia m/gia tra \ at once: ngay lp tc \ at present/the moment: by gi a. In: ch khong thi gian di (thi gian ng sau in >= month): month, season, quarter, year, decade, century Ex. , in may 1984, in summer, in 1999, in 19th century Note: \ in the morning: vo bui sang \ in the afternoon: vo bui chiu \ in the evening: vo bui ti \ in the day: vo ban ngy \ in the night: vo ban m \ in the year of 2007: vo nm 2007 \ in + a period of time: 1 thi im trong tng lai. Ex. I will have an exam in 2 months. \ in the end: cui cng, sau cng (ni v kt qu cui cng ca tnh hung). Ex. Tom couldnt decide where to go for holiday. In the end, he decided to go to France. b. On: ch thi gian chnh xc n ngy. Ex. on Saturday, on the fourth of july. Note:
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Ngi ta rt him khi dng at/in/on trc: last, next, every, this, that khi sau cc t ny l cc thnh ng ch thi gian. Ex. see you next Friday (not on next Friday).
S khc nhau gia on time v in time: \ on time: ng gi, khng tr. Ex. the flight left on time. \ in time: va kp lc (sm hn mt cht). Ex. I have just sent her a birthday present. I hope it arrives in time. c. Other time prepositions:
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By + time: trc Ex. by 1999, by this morning Thursday, by the first war For + a period of time: ni mt s vic xy ra trong thi gian bao lu. Ex. for 2 years, for 5 days Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 37
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Since: tsau since c th l mt thi im c th hoc mt mnh thi gian. Ex. since 200, since I was a 5-year-old boy
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During + a noun: trong thi gian Ex. during 1900s, during the war, during nineteenth century, during the last week \ There were millions of people killed during the second war. Fromto: tn Ex. I teach here from Monday to Saturday except Wednesday. Till/until + noun/clause: cho n khi Ex. till/until the end of the month, till/until this evening, tomorrow, next week \ lets wait here till/until it stops raining.
Place prepositions a. At: Ch mt a im xc nh c th. Ta dng at ni v ni chn m ta ngh n nh l mt a im hn l mt vng, v v mt a im ln c xem l ni trung chuyn hay ni gp g ca nhiu ngi: Ex. at the conner of that building, at Hanoi station, at the Bus stop, at the conference, at the meeting, at the party Note: \ at home: nh \ at work: ch lm \ at the office: c quan, cng s \ at school: trng hc \ at university: trng i hc \ at the top/bottom (of the page): u/cui (trang) \ at the front/back (of the row): trc/sau (hng)) \ at the end of sth: cuiEx. at the end of the street, at the end of this building \ at the age of, at the speed of: tui, tc b. In: Ta dng in khi mun ni n mt vng rng hn.
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Dng in vi cc a im nh lng, x, qun huyn, thnh ph, tnh, t nc, chu lcEx. in the village, in London city, in Korea, in Europe Dng in khi mun ni trong mt khng gian c ranh gii, phm v r rang. Ex. in the box, in the blue bottle, in my car, in her room, in the circle Dng in khi ni v thi tit: in the sky, in the rain, in the sun, in the sunlight, in the moonlight, in the shade, in the dark
Ngi ta cng s dng in vi cc trng hp sau: \ in ink, in pencil: vit bng mc, vit bng bt ch \ in English, in Japanese, in Chinese: ni bng ting Anh, ting Nht, ting Trung Quc. \ in ones opinion: theo kin ca ai. \ in engineering field (trong lnh vc c kh), in mathematical (v mt ton hc) \ in the book, in the dictionary, in the newspaper, in the magazine... \ in the middle of/in the centre of \ in cash: tr bng tin mt. \ in that photogragh, in this picture, in the mirror. c. On: Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 38
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Chng ta dng On khi ni v s tip xc vt ny nm trn vt khc. Ex. on that table, on the floor, on the ceiling, on 1st page, on horseback, on the farm, on the beach, on the street, on the pavement
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Dng on khi ni n cc phng tin mang tnh phc v cng cng: on TV, on radio, on the internet, on the phone Dng on khi din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra: on fire (ang chy), on business(ang i cng tc), on holiday (ang i ngh), on diet (ang n king). Ex. where is Tom, he is on holiday in Chicago.
Chng ta cng ni: \ on the wall, on his face: trn tng, trn mt anh ta. \ on foot: i b \ on the left, on the right: bn tri, bn phi. d. Other place prepositions:
- Above/over: trn, bn trn. i khi chng c th thay th cho nhau. Ex. \ Flags waved above/over our heads. \ look! there is a plane flying above/over our village. Tuy nhin c s khc nhau gia chng: above ch vt ngay bn trn, cn over ch vt c th ngay bn trn hoc khng. above ch s cao hn so vi vt khc, cn over ch cc lp, th t cc lp (qun o). \ there are 2 ceiling fans above our heads. \ I wear a jacket over a white shirt. -
Bellow/under: di, bn di. above >< bellow, over><under. S khc nhau gia chng cng tng t nh s khc nhau gia above v over. \ It is hard to believe that there is a railway line bellow/under this building \ I was so hot, I stood under the air-condition for 10 minutes. \ They live bellow us. Beside: bn cnh. The bank is beside the hotel. By: cnh. (khi ni v thnh ph, th trn ta khng dng by m dng near). Near/close to: gn. We live near/close to the city centre. Next to: k cnh. He is sitting next to his girl friend. Between: gia. Their house is between the supermarket and the school. Front of: trc. Lan is front of Huong. Behind: sau Opposite: i din. who is standing opposite the teacher.
Movement prepositions -
Fromto: tn To: n Up/down: ln/xung. he went up/down stairs. Across: qua. The children swam across the river. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 39
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Along: dc theo. I saw her walking along this street yesterday.
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Through: xuyn qua. They went through 3 forests About: v. talk about the topic Again: lp li. do it again Against: chng li.
Off: khi (ri khi). The plane took off at 8.am this morning. Note: Khi ni i bng phng tin g chng ta dng by: by Bus, by car, by plane, by ship, by train, by bicycle, by coach. Nhng on foot. Khng ni by the Bus m ni by bus Khi ni n cc phng tin chuyn ch mang tnh cng cng chng ta dng on: on the bus, on the plane, on the train, on the ship. Nhng dng in i vi car: in the car. Cc t: home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs khng dng di t. Other prepositions
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4.
According to/due to: theoaccording to the Vietnamnews, techcombank lost $1000000 in a robbery yesterday. Instead of: thay v. Tonight, I will go out instead of staying at home as usual. Regardless of: bt chp. we have to go to work regardless personal problems. Except: ngoi tr. I like learning most of subjects except English.
Freindship is like the light of fireflies. The darker it is, the brighter the light will be. Tnh bn nh nh sng om m. Tri cng ti th sng cng r hn. Better an open enemy than a false friend. Th c mt k th rng lng cn hn l c mt ngi bn xu. A friend that frowns is better than a smiling enemy. Ngi bn cau c, thng thn cn tt hn ngi bn ci nham him.
40
Unit 11:
SPECIAL FORMS
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Used to do sth: thng lm g. \ I used to fish with my father when I was a child. Be/get used to V-ing: quyen vi \ I am used to living alone. Have/get Sb do sth: sai khin, bo ai lm g. \ I will have Peter fix my car. Have/get sth done: a g i lm (thu). \ I got my car washed yesterday. Let Sb do sth: ai lm g. \ let me do it for you. Make Sb do sth: khin ai lm g. \ He makes me finish the report before 8.am tomrrow. Make Sb PII: lm ai b lm sao \ Working all Friday night made me tired on saterday. Cause sth PII: lm ci g b lm sao. \ The big thunder storm caused many houses last year. Make Sb/sth Adj: Lm tr nn. \ Speaking English a lot makes us more confident. Help Sb do sth: gip ai lm g. \ I help students learn English Grammar. Tell/ask/advise/invite/allow/permit Sb to do sth: bo, yu cu, khuyn, mi, cho php ai lm g. \ At fisrt, She doesnt allow me to kiss her. Like/love/hate/dislike V-ing: thch, ght lm g. \ She likes reading novels. Start/finish/continue V-ing: bt u, kt thc, tip tc lm g. \ I started learning English 7 years ago. Would like to V: mun (lch s). ( would like V-ing: s thch) \ Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? Something/ Somebody/Somewhere to V: \ I need somewhere to go. What/where/when/how to V: \ I dont really know what to do now. Need/needs V-ing: Cn c lm g. \ This room needs cleaning. It is no use V-ing: tht v ch lm g. \ Its no use crying. It is no worth V-ing: khng ng lm g. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 41
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city \ Its no worth reading some books like this. 23. There is no point in V-ing: chng c l do g \ There is no point in arguing. 24. Be similar to sth: tng t nh l. \ Her story is similar to mine. 25. Be diferent from sth: Khc. \ The culture in America is very different from the culture in Vietnam. 26. Look like: ging nh l. \ She looks like her mother. 27. The same (N) as: ging nh l. \ The book you bought looks the same as mine. \ She studied English the same school as I 28. Try to do sth: c gng lm g. \ All students try to pass their exams. 29. Try doing sth: th lm g. \ We tried running the machine, but it didnt run. 30. Spend time/money doing sth/ spend time/money on sth: dng thi gian/tin lm g. \ I spend 2 hours learning English every day. \ We spent 100$ on that party. 31. It takes Sb time to do sth: ai mt bao nhiu thi gian lm g. \ It takes me about 30 minutes to go from my house to school. 32. Leave: quyn.(forget = cant remember). \ I left it at home. 33. Leave for: rin \ In 1999, I left Hanoi city for Ho Chi Minh city. 34. Find it difficult to do sth: thy kh lm g. \ I find it difficult to pass all exams this semester. 35. It is necessary for sb to do sth: i vi, lm g l cn thit. \ It is necessary for you to explain to her. 36. so as (not) to do sth/ in order (not) to do sth: lm g/ khng lm g. \ He took the course in order to get a better job. \ The land was bought quickly not so as to delay building work. 37. So that/in order that Clause: \ She stayed at work late so that she could complete the report. 38. So that: qu n ni. \ The thief ran so quickly that I couldnt catch him. 39. Be made of: c lm bng (vt liu lm nn vt, khng c s bin i vt liu) \ This table is made of wood 40. Be made from: c lm ra t (vt liu b bin i hon ton khi trng thi ban u) \ Paper is made from wood 41. Be made with: c lm vi (nhiu vt liu lm nn vt) \ This soup tastes good because it was made with a lot of spices. 42. Be sick/tired of doing sth = Be fed up with: chn (ngy) lm g. \ I am tired of doing the same job. 43. Because clause: sau because dng mt mnh hon chnh. 44. Because of sth = due to sth: \ The accident was because of/ due to heavy rain. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 42
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 45. despite/inspite of sth: bt chp, mc d. \ Despite heavy rain, he stood in the rain without any raincoat until his girl friend came home. 46. Although/Even though/Though clause: Mc d (i sau l mt mnh hon chnh). 47. Be busy doing sth: bn lm g. \ She is busy adtending the the meeting, leave maseges, please. 48. Not only ..... but also: khng nhng m cn. \ He writes not only correctly but also neatly. 49. As well as: cng vi (s dng vi hin tng ng ch ng). \ The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert. \ My cousins, as well as Tim, have a test tomorrow. 50. As well as: cng nh (cu trc trc v sau cm t ny tha mn cu trc song song). 51. bothand: vava \ He is both intelligent and handsome. 52. It is time to do sth/It is time for sth: n lc lm g. \ It is time to go home. \ It is time for lunch. 53. Be responsible for: chu trch nhim v. \ The master is responsible for the ship. 54. Be Experiened in doing sth/ have experience in doing sth: c kinh nghim v. \ He is experienced in solving problems like this.
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Unit 12: -
IDIOMS No need to say: khng cn ni More than any ever: hn bao gi ht However wanted or not: d mun hay khng As far as: v phn. Ex. As far as my English is awful. As for sb: cn v ai Day after day: ngy ngy qua ngy khc From now/tomorrow on: t gi/ngy mai tr i Up to now/ until now: cho n nay It is said that: ngi ta ni rng It is true to say that= It is fair to say that: cng bng m ni If I was not mistaken: nu nh ti khng nhm How is it possible?: lm sao m n c th (khng th no) If things go on like this: nu c nh th ny As a rule = usually: nh thng l In general = generally: ni chung In short: tm li In fact: trn thc t In other words: ni cch khc, On the other hand = on the one hand: mt khc In addition = not to mention: ngoi ra At once = immediately = right way: ngay lp tc Right now: ngay by gi Do ones best: lm ht sc. Ex. I will do my best. In the early 1900s: vo nhng nm u ca 1900. A 5-year-old boy: mt cu b 5 tui. No longer: khng cn. Out of order: hng, khng lm vic c. Ex. that machine is out of order, so we have to stop working to repair it. Agree with sb: ng vi ai Be available: c sn Be bad/good/quick at sth: km, gii, nhanh v Be expert in: chuyn mn v g. Ex. Im expert in supply software. Be experienced in sth: c kinh nghim v. Ex. he is experienced in designing models like this. Be familiar with sb: thn thit vi ai. Ex. Dont be familiar with him, he is a dishonest man. Be familiar with sth: quyen thuc vi. Ex. Im familiar with this job. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 44
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Be famous for sth: ni ting v th g. Ex. Ha noi is famous for green trees. - Be good for ones health: tt cho sc kho ca ai. Ex. swimming in summer is very good for our health. - Be important to sb: quan trng i vi ai - Be invovle in: c lin quan, dnh lu ti. Ex. The man cought last week is involve in a bank robbery. - Be jealous of: ghen t Ex. I am jealous of his test result. - Be loyal to sb: trung thnh vi ai. Ex. dogs are very loyal to their owners. - Be mad about: am m v - Be on holiday/ business: ang i ngh/ cng tc - Be on fire: ang chy. Ex. That house is on fire. - Be over: xong kt thc. Ex. the lesson is over. - Be popular with: thng dng vi. Ex. Pop music is very popular with youth. - Be pround of: hnh din v. John was pround of his english speaking skill. - Be put in prison: b tng giam. Ex. he is put in prison. - Be related to: c b con vi. Ex. He is related to me. - Be shocked at sth: b xc ng v iu g - Be suitable for: thch hp vi. Ex. I think, this shirt is very suitable for you. - Be tired from: mt nhc v. Ex. Im always tired from hard work. - Be tired of: chn. Ex. He is tired of traveling. - Be to ones taste: hp vi khu v ca ai. Ex. is it to your taste - Be to ones liking: hp vi s thch ca ai.Ex. it is to my liking. - Be tired out: mt l, mt l - Be unfit: khng thch hp vi. - Believe in: tin tng vo. Ex. I dont believe in what he said. - Belong to: thuc v. Ex. That area belongs to John family. - Break into: t nhp - Break off: tan v - Break out: bng n. Ex. H5N1 flu broke out overall the world last year. - Brush it off: tng kh - Call on sb: gh thm ai - Call for sth: ku gi - Call for sb: cho gi ai - Call off = cancel: hon li - Carry sth off = succeed in doing sth: thnh cng v - Carry on = go on = continue: tip tc - Catch a cold: b cm lnh - Catch fire: bt la. Ex. look! Your clothes catches fire. - Come about: xy ra - Come across: tnh c gp - Come down with: m - Compare with: so snh vi - Cut down = reduce: gim - Cut off = stop supply: ngng (cung cp) - Depend on: ph thuc vo. Ex. the national culture depends on each country. - Die down: gim bt, suy gim - Die of: cht v. Ex. He died of cancer. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 45
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Do over: lp li, lm li. Ex. the drawing is bad, you should do it over. - Dream of: m v. Ex. I dream of you last night. - Fall off sth: ri, rt xung khoi ci g . Ex. he felt off horse back. - Feel like doing sth: thch lm g. Ex. John feels like dancing. - Find out: tm ra. Ex. I dont find out your name in this list. - Get ahead: tin v pha trc - Get along with sb = get on well with sb: thn thit vi ai - Get at: m ch, ng - Get back at sb: tr th - Get better: tr nn kh hn. - Get by: cng c chp nhn.Ive no formal clothes for the occasion, perhaps I can get by in a dark suit. - Get along: tin b. Ex. I hope that you will get along well in study English. - Get married to: ly ai. - Get on: ln xe - Get off: xung xe - Get over sth: vt qua ci g. - Get in touch with sb: lien lc vi ai - Get rid off: vt b - Get to: n ni, ti ni. Ex. When do you often get to your company? - Get up: ng dy - Give sth away: cho ai ci g (min ph) - Give sth back: tr li - Give up: t b Hold off = put off = delay: tr hon - Hold off = put off = delay: tr hon - Hold still: gi nguyn (ngi yn, ng yn) - Keep away from: trnh xa - Keep on: tip tc - Laugh at: ci ch nho ai - Learn sth by heart: hc thuc lng. - Look after = take care of: trng nom - Look at: nhn vo, trng vo - Look into sth: iu tra - Look for: tm kim - Look forward to V-ing/sth: mong mi. Im looking formard to seeing you at your company. - Look sth over: xem qua - Make friend: kt bn - Make up ones mind = decide: quyt nh - Meet sb at (a place): n ai. Ex. Shall I meet you at the airport. - Never mind = dont worry: ng lo lng - Object to sth: phn i iu g. I object to the response that the teacher solved - Pay attention: ch - Play up: thi phng - Pick on: tru chc, go ai - Pick out: chn - Pick up: nhc ln, cm ln. Ex. Help me pick up the pencil on the floor. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 46
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city - Pick sb up: n ai - Point out: ch ra. Ex. you should point out mistakes in these lessons. - Prevent sb from doing sth: ngn cn ai lm g. Ex. what prevents you from coming to her. - Pull sth off = succeed in: thnh cng v - Put off = delay: tr hon - Put on: mc vo - Put up with: chu ng - Rejoice at/in sth: mng v iu g. Ex. We rejoice in our sons education report. - Rely on: tin tng vo ai. Ex. you can rely on me. - Remind sb of sth: gi ai nh iu g. Ex. she reminds me of an old friend. - Respect sb for sth: knh trng ai v iu g. Ex. I respect her for her honesty. - Run into: tnh c gp - Run out of: ht sch - See sb off: tin ai. May i see you off at the airport. - Shake hand: bt tay - Smile/shout at sb: mm ci vi ai, qut ai. She smiles at me. - Show off: khoe khoang. Ex. she is very happy to show off her new dress. - Show up: c mt - Smile at sb: mn ci vi ai - Stand out: ni bt. Ex. Her bright red hair makes her stand out from others. - Suffer from: chu au kh, chu ng. Ex. do you suffer from headaches. - Take a look at: nhn n - Take a seat: mi ngi - Take down: ly xung - Take it easy = relax: th gin i - Take over: tip qun, k tc - Take part: tham s. Ex. I took part his birthday party yesterday. - Take place: din ra - Take sb for sb: nhm ai vi ai. Ex. She took me for my younger brother. - Take off: ci, tho (qun o). Ex. Why dont you take off your jacket? Its hot. - Take up = begin: bt u - Take ones time: lm th th, khng vi vng. Ex. No need to hurry, take you time. - Tell sb about sth: k cho ai v iu g - Thats all right = think nothing of it: khng c chi - Thank sb for doing sth: cm n ai lm iu g - Try on: , th, c gng - Turn down = reduce: gim - Turn in = hand in = submid: np - Turn into: bin thnh - Wear out: kit sc, mn - Write with (a pen): vit bng bt - Worry about: lo lng v. Ex. dont worry about that. - Would ratherthan: = prefer to: thch lm g hn. Ex. I would rather go out tonight than watch TV at home.
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PHN II Unit 1: VERB TENSE
I. Choose the best answer 1. I..to bed until I .my homework. A. went / finished C. hadnt gone / finished B. didnt go / didnt finish D. didnt go / had finished
2. As soon as she found the number, she.him at once. A. had telephoned B. telephoned C. was telephoning D. will telephone
3. When he.widely in Africa, he used to take notes on what he saw. A. has been travelling B. had travelled C. was travelling D. travels
4. Did you post the letter you. A. had written B. wrote C. will write D. have written
5. Heoff the horse when it suddenly.. A. had fallen / had stopped C. was falling / had stopped B. fell / stopped D. fell / was stopping
6. He never knew what ..around him when he was reading. A. happened B. would happen C. was happening D. had happened
7. When you ..the furniture, please tell me. A. have finished moving C. finish moving Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty B. have finished move D. finish move Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 48
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 8. Only after she had graduated...to get married. A. she decided B. did she decide C. had she decided D. she had decided
9. He..more than 20 countries when he got tired of travelling and returned home. A. visited B. had been visiting C. had been to D. had gone to
10. As soon as he...the letter, he.....down to answer it. A. reads / sits B. was reading/ sat C. had read /was sitting D. had read / sat
11. When he got home, he..the radio. A. turned on B. had turned on C. was turning on D. turns on
12. Who that terrible noise? Its Tom practising the violin A. makes B. made C. is making D. have made
13. Youto be very glad about something. A. are seemed B. are seeming C. seems D. seem
14. My dog always barks if he .anything unusual. A. hears B. will hear C. would hear D. heard
15. We know youto Paris three days ago. A. have gone B. went C. had gone D. go
16. If the students..on time, they would have enjoyed the pictures. A. come B. came C. have come D. had come
17. She...here but she doesnt work here now. A. has worked B. had worked C. used to working D. used to work
18. The bus came after Ithere for about twenty minutes. A. standing standing B. stand C. was standing D. had been
19. Since 1970 Timin London, and he is still there now. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 49
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city A. was working B. worked C. have worked 20. I hope thatme when you come to London. A. youll visit B. youre visiting C. you would visit
D. has been working
D. you visit
21. When did you come here Ihere since last Friday A. have been B. went C. came D. was
22. He wrote to her a month ago, but Im sure he..since then. A. hasnt written B. didnt write C. wasnt writing D. wouldnt write
23. After the accident, I had my car .., it cost 200$. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair
24. We couldnt stay to dinner because the last busat eight oclock. A. left B. has left C. is leaving D. will leave
25. When I see Barbara in the street, she always..at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles
26. She told me I would have an accident if I .more care. A. m not taking B. havent taken C. wont take D. didnt take
27. Several people were hurt in the accident but only one.to hospital. A. has taken B. has been taking C. was taken D. was taking
28. He told me that he ..the film. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. will see
29. Susan..early when she stayed with us. A. has got up B. gets up C. will get up D. used to get up
30. Margaret as well as Jane.here since last week. A. has been B. was C. were D. have been
31. I would not have gone away if you Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 50
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city A. came B. come C. would come 32. Iyour teacher tomorrow, so I shall give her your note. A. haven seen B. am seeing C. shall have seen
D. had come
D. am going to see
33. I..you much of you lately. We three months ago. A. didnt see / last meet C. dont see / last met B. havent seen / have last met D. havent seen / last met
34. When my brother was asked if he liked the job, he replied that he.. A. has done B. does C. did D. was doing
35. Mr. Smith said he would come, but he yet. A. did not come B. had not come C. does not come D. has not come
36. The girl weeps whenever she.such a story. A. hears B. had heard C. will hear D. heard
37. The entrance examination..in March. A. begin B. has begun C. begins D. shall begin
38. Mr. Jones.. decided to call a meeting off the club tomorrow. A. has B. will be C. has been D. is being
39. They a lovely garden if they did some work in it. A. will have B. would have C. have had D. had
40. That babynon-stop for the past hour. A. cried B. was crying C. is crying D. has been crying
41. She came into the room while they.television. A. have watched watching B. watched C. were watching D. have been
42. When you the car, youll agree with me about it. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 51
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city A. saw B. have seen C. see 43. He.the basic course before he took the advanced one. A. had taken B. would taken C. has taken
D. has been seen
D. was taking
44. When he returned home, his wife.............for him. A. waited B. was waiting C. has been waiting D. had been waiting
45. I wish you..to her why she cant go. A. would explain B. to explain C. had explained D. will explain
II. Guided sentence building. 1. They / now / talk / what / they / do / last few years //. 2. I / teach English / this university / since / graduate / 1990 //. 3. When / we / get / theatre / play / already / start //. 4. Her illness / serious / than / we / think / first //. 5. Taxi / stop / station / and two / man / get / it //. 6. I / see / film / twice / and / not / going / see / again / tonight //. 7. While / run/ after / bus / this morning / he / fall down / hurt / his leg //. 8. Yesterday / it / not take / us / long / find / their house //. 9. Where / you / be / all morning? //. 10. Father / want / retire / next year / because / want / have / more free time//. 11. She / suddenly / realize / she / travel / wrong / direction //. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 52
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 12. She / like / work / foreign company / after / graduate / university //. 13. He / refuse / climb / tree / because / afraid / fall //. 14. They / give / her / massage / as soon as / she / arrive //. 15. They / now / look / new house / country / because / not like / live / city //.
III. Complete Harry and Kates conversation in A and sentences in B using the verb in brackets in the correct form (will or going to) A. Harry: ..(you go) on holiday at Easters?
Kate: Yes, but we havent booked it yet. Harry: Where are you thinking of going? Kate: Oh, I dont know. In the summer we..(visit) friends in Italy, so I think perhaps we..(stay) in this country at Easter. What about you? Harry: We ..(rent) a cottage near Edinburgh. It.(be) our first visit to Scotland. Jane .(have) a baby in the summer, so we cant do anything too adventurous or tiring. Kate: Scotland- What a good idea! May be we .(do)the same. B. 1. Why are you wearing your old clothes? Because I . (wash) the car.
2. Ive got a headache. Have you got any aspirin? yes, I ..(get) it for you. 3. Would you like a game of tennis next Thursday? I cant Im afraid. I (go) to Bristol.
IV. Give the correct past tense to the verbs in brackets. 1. 2. 3. I (not have) ..an umbrella, but that didnt matter. The rain (stop). He (sit) on a chair while I (paint).it.
We rushed to the station, but it (be) .too late. The train (go).. 53 Nam Hoang Van Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 4. The boss (invite)me to lunch yesterday, but I had to refuse the invitation. I (already eat) ..my sandwiches. 5. 6. As he (run) ..for the bus, he (collide)with a lamppost. It (happen) ...last August at the airport. A few weeks before, a group of us (decide).to go to Greece together for a holiday. We (wait) ..in the queue at passport control when suddenly I (realize ).that I (leave) my passport at home. It (be).quite a shock. I (hurry).to a phone and (ring) my parents. They (work) in the garden, but luckily my mother (hear) the phone. They (find)the passport and immediately (drive).to the airport with it. I (meet) .them at the information desk. We (have) .no time to talk, but I (say) goodbye to them earlier that morning. I (run).all the way to the plane. I was just in time. When I (get)..there, the passengers (sit)..in their seats ready for take-off. When they (see) ..me, everyone (start).clapping.
V. Make complete sentences using suggested words or expressions. 1. Hair / catch / fire / when / he / cook /chips.
2. We / look around / and / see / a show.
3. When / we / get / concert hall / they / not / let / in / because we / leave / ticket.
4. I / really pleased / see / Rachel again yesterday.
5. He / sit / garden / when / wasp / sting / him / nose.
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VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city VI. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. It was fine day (1).I started out on the last part of my walk around the coast of Britain. The sun was (2)and a light wind(3).blowing from the south-west. I was pleased that it (4)..raining. I knew by now that I (5) like rain. In fact I (6)it. I(7).along the cliff top and then down into the lovely little fishing village of Wellburn, past a cafe where people were (8)..morning cofee. Three miles past Wellburn I (9).down for five minutes and(10) a drink. Now it was (11)warmer so I (12).off one of my sweaters. I (13)stop for long because I (14)to reach Seabury by lunch time. (15) .I finally got there, it (16)just half past twelve.
VII. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the first, using the given words. 1. It isnt true that I made a mistake. ( didnt )
2. The boys were in the middle of a game of cards (playing)
3. No one told me about the change of plan (know)
4. My friend was the winner of the competition (won)
5. Is it a fact that the Romans built this wall? (did)
6. I didnt want to go without taking a photo (until)
7. The computer has been mine for four years (had)
8. In the middle of our lunch, there was a knock at the door (when) Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 55
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 9. Nigel felt sick from eating too many cakes (because)
10. We had dinner, and then we went out for a walk (after)
VIII. Correct the mistake in each of the following sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. It was peaceful, and the birds were sing. I washed my hair when the phone rang... You came not to the club last night. The coach has already gone when I got to the coach stop at nice yesterday... We tried to keep quiet because the child sleeping... As I was watching him, the man was suddenly running away. Michelle looked really sunburnt. Shed lie in the sun for too long.. It was my first day back at work. I was on holiday . I had to sit down. I had been having a shock The robbery happened at midnight. Lots of people walked along the street outside....
Unit 2:
VERB PATTERNS
I. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form, infinitive (with or without to), or ing. 1. I enjoy (walk) in the rain. 2. Would you like (have) something to eat ? 3. My family is trying . (decide) where to go on holiday. 4. Id like to .. (go) somewhere different for a change. 5. But my children hate .( sightsee). 6. They refuse (go) out on trips if its too hot. 7. Last year, we managed . (find) a holiday that suited everyone. 8. We decided .. (rent) a house with a swimming pool. 9. A woman from a travel agency helped us ..(choose) a nice house. 10. When we arrived, the people next door invited us .(have) a drink with them. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 56
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 11. We began ..(talk) about next years holiday two months ago. 12. Everyone hopes (enjoy) themselves on holiday, but it isnt always easy. 13. My wife and I are starting .( think) we should stay at home. 14. He agreed (start) the job as soon as possible. 15. I stopped (read) my book and went to bed. 16. My teacher always expected me (do) well in exams. 17. Let me ..(pay) for the meal. You paid last time. 18. The dentist told me .(be) more careful when I brush my teeth. 19. I asked Monica ..(buy) some stamps. 20. I never liked (go) to church when I was a child. 21. Have you finished ..(write) that letter yet ? 22. You cant .. (park) your car outside the hospital. 23. They denied (steal) the money. 24. He seems (have) lost the money. 25. I avoid (travel) in the rush hour if I can. 26. Have you considered .. (work) abroad ? 27. Ive arranged . (collect) Kate from school at four oclock. 28. I cant help (love) him, even though he is selfish and inconsiderate. 29. I offered .. (give) David a lift but he said hed rather walk. 30. I cant get used to (see) my daughter driving a car. II. Choose the correct verb form 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. He invited me stay/ to stay/ staying at his house. I cant stand cook/ to cook/ cooking . Write soon and let me know/ to know/ knowing what your plans are. Joe forgot post/ to post/ posting the letter. I dont mind cook/ to cook/ cooking as long as I dont have to do the shopping. The climb was very long and tiring, so we often stopped have/ to have/ having a rest. Hes a very funny person. He always makes me laugh/ to laugh/ laughing. His mother told Ben wash/ to wash/ washing his hands before the meal. I love visit/ to visit/ visiting old temples.
10. Im pleased hear/ to hear/ hearing that you are having a good time in London.
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VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 11. Akikos family was incredibly kind and hospitable and wouldnt let I pay/ me pay/ me to pay for anything. 12. We managed get/ to get/ getting to the airport with plenty of time to spare. 13. We even tried get/ to get/ getting an earlier flight but it wasnt possible. 14. They wanted us stay/ to stay/ staying with them for three days more. 15. Marie made/ wanted/ asked her son turn down his music. 16. I would like/ refuse/ cant stand going on long walk. 17. We must/ d love/ enjoy to go shopping. 18. She wanted/ made/ asked me do the cooking. 19. I have stopped smoke/ to smoke/ smoking many times but it is impossible. 20. The children continued to make/ make/ making noise despite our warnings.
Unit 3:
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense 1. If he (work)hard today, can he have a holiday tomorrow? 2. Whereyou(go) if the beaches are crowded? 3. If it(not rain) yesterday, we...(go) out together. 4. If the sea level(rise), there(be) floods in many parts of the world. 5. What..you(do)if the plane is late? 6. If he didnt work in the evening, He (have).time to play with his children. 7. If they (water)the plants they (not die).. 8. Where will you stay if the hotel (be)full? 9. if I (have)a car, I could give you a lift. 10. The water(freeze) if you (put)..it in the fridge. 11. I (go)out if I (not be)so tired. 12. If I (know)that you (be) ill last week, I ..(go) to see you. 13. What will happen if my parachute (not open) 14. He (look).a lot better if he shaved more often. 15. Well have to move upstairs if the river (rise)..any high. 16. If I (be).you, I (tell)her the truth. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 58
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 17. If He had known the whole story, he (not be)...so angry. 18. She wont open the door unless she (know)..who it is. 19. If I had realized that traffic lights were red I (stop). 20. He would have been arrested if he (try)to leave the country. II. Sentence transformation 1. She doesnt have a watch. She is always late. If 2. She bought a lot of clothes. She didnt have any money. If 3. I might see her tomorrow. Ill tell her the truth. If 4. They worked very hard. They passed the exam. If 5. I dont know her number. I dont phone her. If 6. It rains so much in Britain. I wish ... 7. John is in Hanoi now. John wishes with his wife in England. 8. I regret eating so much. If 9. I always go to bed late. I am tired in the morning. If III. Translate into English 1. Bn s lm g nu thang my b kt gia 2 tng. 2. Nu t thy h chiu ca cu t s gi in cho cu ngay. 3. Nu ti l anh, ti s khng ni s tht vi h. 4. Nu ti bit rng bn bnh vin th ti ti thm anh bn ri. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 59
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 5. Nu c y cn 1 chic radio, c y c th mn ca ti.
Unit 4:
COMPARISION
I. Circle the best answer 1. The weather is..today than yesterday. A. much better 2. B. very better C. more good D. not so good
She is themember in the family. A. taller B. tallest C. tall D. most tall
3.
This box is the.of these two ones. A. more heavy B. heaviest C. heavy D. heavier
4.
He was only nine, but he ate his father did. A. much than B. as much as C. much more D. as much than
5.
Somsak is 28, but Somsri, his sister, is only fourteen. A. B. C. D. He is older than his sister two times. He is twice as old as his sister. His sister is twice as old as him. He is two times as older as his sister.
6.
The .the room is, the .furniture it needs. A. smaller.....less B. small fewer C. smaller..fewer D. smallless
7.
Liz is two years ..than Jane. A. old B. older C. elder D. eldest
8.
Every one looks much .today than he did yesterday A. Happy B. more happily C. happier D. more happy 60
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 9. Which woman are you going to vote for? Im not sure. Everyone says that Joan is. A. the smartest B. more smart C. the smarter D. more smarter
10. I dont like to talk to Mr. Davis. - He speaks .. ,doesnt he?. A. more fast B. too much fast C. fastly D. fast
11. There is now much.. water in the lake than there was last year. A. smaller B. fewer C. less D. too many
12. Why dont you buy bananas when they are. apples. A. less expensive than C. less expensive as 13. February has.days than March A. Less B. lesser C. few D. fewer B. not expensive than D. not so expensive than
14. Is he a good student? Yes, he speaks English..of all. A. the fluentest B. the most fluently C. the most fluent D. more fluently
15. He is ..in my class. A. The most intelligent C. more intelligent 16. This apartment... in the building. A. is biggest than any other one C. is bigger than any other one B. is bigger than any other one D. the more big than any other one B. the more intelligent D. the intelligent
17. The weather has been bad this week. Next week it will probably be even.. A. more badly 18. B. worse C. worst D. worser
Do you know that beautiful girl over there?
Yes, thats Linda. She is..................in her group. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 61
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city A. more beautiful than any girl B. more beautiful than any other girl C. so beautiful as other girl 19. Thats a nice bike We bought................one we could find because we dont plan to use it A. cheapest B. a cheapest C. the cheapest D. the cheap D. beautiful more than another girl
20. Jim seemed to be.about the future than Peter. A. more exciting II. Sentence transformation 1. He is the most intelligent student in our class. B. much excited C. much exciting D. more excited
No one............. 2. Janet arrived latter than John.
Janet didnt. 3. Rome has more old buildings than London.
London has 4. She knows more about them than I do.
I 5. They now live more happily than they used to.
They used to. 6. She likes Paris very little, and Rome less.
She thinks Rome...
III. Guided sentence building 1. People / now / spend / much / money / food / than / 10 years ago. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 62
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city ..... 2. She / look / old / but / beautiful / than / used to / when / we first / meet / university.
.. 3. That / most / beautiful / place / Viet Nam / I / visit.
.. 4. Travelling / car / fast / comfortable / than / motorbike.
... 5. He / seem / busy / than me / but / in fact / have / more free time / me.
... Unit 5: PASSIVE SENTENCES
I. Choose the best answer So far three houses A. are built B. were built C. have built D. have been built
Theyll be given a meal and then to find out why they fled their country. A. questioned B. are questioned C. question D. will question
My watch is broken - Why dont you.? A. have it repair B. have it repairing He a man who keeps his words. A. is known B. knows C. is known as D. knew C. have it repaired D. have it for repairing
Butter in the fridge. A. ought to keep B. had better to be kept C. should be kept D. is kept as usual
The accident .While he was driving to the office. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 63
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city A. occurred B. was occurred C. occurs D. was being occurred
The floor in the room was so dirty as if it for days. A. hadnt swept C. hadnt been swept B. havent been swept D. wouldnt have swept
Were working hard, so the job by tomorrow evening. A. has done B. has been done C. will do D. will be done
The film was on the book of the same name. A founded B. constructed C. based D. built
0.
Nobody saw me come in. I came without A. anybody saw me B. being seen C. anybody sees me D. been seen
1.
As a result, war . Out ten years later. A. broken B. was broken C. broke D. had broken
2.
She is one of the girls who . Money. A. enjoys to spend B. enjoy to spend My sister is busy .a letter. A. in writing B. writing C. to write D. at writing C. enjoys spending D. enjoy spending
3.
4.
The textbook to my teacher. A. belong B. is belonged C. belonging D. belongs
5.
He driving a blue car yesterday. A. was seen B. saw C. had seen D. has been seen
6.
Look! These shoes need . A. to clean B. to be clean C. cleaning D. to be cleaning
7.
The club 2 weeks ago. A. open B. opened C. was opened D. opens 64
8.
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city We followed. Be careful! A. are Theythat story yet. A. hasnt told B. wasnt told C. havent been told D. didnt tell B. have been C. was D. are being
9.
0.
I want this exercisein ink. A. write B. writing C. to write D. written
1.
Do you often get your car? A. wash B. washed C. to wash D. washing
2.
only one person wasin the accident yesterday. A. died B. hurted C. injured D. damaged
3.
I wassome money from my handbag. A. stolen B. got C. taken D. robbed
4.
Thats the boyby police 2 years ago. A. to be arrested B. was arrested C. arrested D. being arrested
5.
The number of motorcycles in Hanoirisen. A. has B. have C. is D. are
6.
This portrait is thoughtpainted by Leonardo Da Vinci A. to have been B. being C. was D. to be
7.
When they came, the treedown across the railway. A. had been fallen B. was fallen C. had fallen D. has fallen
8.
He said that hehis tooth pulled out the week before. A. had B. had had C. would have D. was having
9.
That boy is saidswim across the river. A. can B. could C. to be able to D. was able
II. Guided sentence building Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 65
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city This radio / repair / several times / this year //. The letter / must / write / English. Their car / steal / a few weeks ago / it / not find / yet. Lot / new books / sell / that book shop / recently? All / them / catch / police / by tonight. When / I / finish / come / town / hotel / build. I / have / eyes / examine / next Monday. Switches / should / turn off / before leave / workshop. They / have / house / paint / white / now. Building / upgrade / next year. III. Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice 1. We use this room only on special occasion. This room ........................................................................................................................... 2. They are pulling down the old theatre. The old................................................................................................................................ 3. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent 10 years ago. Money on food.................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. 4. Has someone posted my parcel?. Has ..................................................................................................................................... 5. You should have taken those books back to the library. Those books ....................................................................................................................... Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 66
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 6. All the ministers will see him off at the airport. He will ................................................................................................................................ 7. No one has taken the table away. The table 8. People say he has been in the French foreign legion. He is 9. Sallys parents gave her a microcomputer for her birthday Sally. 10. Mr.Dryden mended the washing machine for me I 11. Henry founded a wallet with no name in it. A wallet which.... 12. The doctor should have signed my insurance form. I should 13. The garden hasnt been dug yet. The garden 14. They will have to postpone the date of the picnic. The date. 15. People think Mr Harry is going to make a speech at the wedding party. Mr Harry 16. It is said the owner of the house has gone aboard. The owner.. 17. They have just sold the house in the corner of the street The house... 18. You must finish all the exercises before going to class. All.. 19. She has just drawn this picture for me. He.. Unit 6: REPORTED SPEECH
1. It is a quiet flat, and the neighbours are nice. Mrs. Mawby said................................................................................................................ 2. Youll have to make up your mind soon. Said John. Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 67 Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city John said.............................................................................................................................. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Do you have a car? What sort of heating is there? Can I move the furniture round?. Ive replaced all the carpets. Has Ann bought a new car?. Tom said I am feeling ill. I am going away for a few days. Ill phone you when I get back. Dont shout. I said to Jim. Please dont tell anyone what happened. Will you be there on time? Ill tell Jim I saw you. Has Brian been playing tennis a lot recently. She asked her little baby Who did you see at the party?. How many hours a day did he work?. She asked me. Tom had an accident but he wasnt injured. She asked me....................................................................................................................... I asked Sally........................................................................................................................ Mrs. Brown asked me......................................................................................................... She told me that.................................................................................................................. Sue asked her sister............................................................................................................. Tom that said....................................................................................................................... Paul said to his girl friend that............................................................................................ I told ................................................................................................................................... Anna asked me.................................................................................................................... I asked him.......................................................................................................................... He said to me that............................................................................................................... Brians mother asked me ................................................................................................... She asked her little boy....................................................................................................... She asked me....................................................................................................................... Bill said............................................................................................................................... 18. Joan: The boss must sign the letter. ............................................................................................................................................. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 68
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 19. Emily: My teacher will go to Paris tomorrow. ............................................................................................................................................. 20. Robert: I was writing a letter yesterday. ............................................................................................................................................. 21. Christopher: Do you want to dance?. ............................................................................................................................................. 22. Betty: when did you come?. ............................................................................................................................................. 23. Mark: Has John arrived? ............................................................................................................................................. 24. Elisabeth: Did you watch the latest film?. ............................................................................................................................................. 25. Barbara: Must I do the homework this week?. ............................................................................................................................................. 26. Andrew: Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?. ............................................................................................................................................. 27. Jackson: Who gave you the book yesterday?. ............................................................................................................................................. 28. Linda: May I come in?. ............................................................................................................................................. 29. Mark: I am going to buy a laptop for my daughter. ............................................................................................................................................. Unit 7: MODAL VERBS
I. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the first, using the given words. 1. Jenny looks really happy (must, miss, boyfriend). 2. Wheres Kate ? Its eleven oclock in the morning (cant, still, sleep) 3. Where are all the lights in their house? (could, have, party) Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 69
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 4. Its been snowing all night. (might, difficult, drive, work) 5. Im sure you didnt work hard for your exams (cant) 6. I think theyve gone to Paris (could) 7. Perhaps I left my umbrella on the train (might) 8. She has probably been on a diet (might) 9. Its possible that they got married in secret (could) 10. Perhaps he called while we were out (may) II. Choose can, could, will, would, should, be able, must, have to, used to, to complete the following sentences. 1. Peter has a computer that..fit into his jacket pocket. 2. I had some free time yesterday, so Iwrite a few letters. 3. My teachers given a translation to do for homework, but I.not understand it. 4. Watch this, Mum; I . stand on one leg. 5. The plans were destroyed before theybe ready by the invading army. 6. Hes got a lung problem and he ... go to hospital every two weeks. 7. You come and visit us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 8. Thats really good news. I tell my friend, Steve. 9. I am feeling unfit. I .do more exercise. 10. I .like going to pop concert when I was a teenager. 11. Business people..watch what their competitions are doing with great interest. 12. This medicineput in a cool place. 13. It will rain. Unit 8: SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES
I. Circle the correct answer 1. The police must try to catch those men drive dangerously. A. who B. they C. who they D.whom 2. The teacher has not arrived yet. A. I wrote to you about B. who I wrote to you C. I wrote you about him D. whom I wrote to you about him Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 70
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 3. One of the girls in that company died. A. whose work B. whom worked C. worded D. who worked 4. It was this house .. A. where I was born B. which I was born C. that I was born D.I was born in 5. He will take us to the town we can see old temples. A. which B. where C. that D. as it 6. He is the man .son I once taught A. who B. whom C.A&C are correct D. whose 7. Who is the new biology Professor? He is the man.to the secretary now A. which is talking B. talking C. who talks D. that he is talking 8. Some of the boys didnt come. A. who I invited them B. who I invite C. I invited them D. I invited 9. Here is the man . My brother is going to . A. who his daughtermarry C. whose daughter marry to B. whose daughtermarry with D. whose daughter marry 10. The car last month has just been found. A. stole B. stealing C. stolen D. was stolen 11. There were many scientists at the meeting, several of were very young A. which B. who C. that D. whom 12. The villagewe are going to visit next week is far form here. A. where B. to which C. which D. both A and C 13. The man spoke yesterday is the director of that factory. A. who B. for whom C. whom D. to whom 14. The companyemployees are on strike is closing down for two weeks. A. which B. whose C. that D. A&C are correct 15. She said shed married a man..had been married twice before A. which B. what C. who D. whose 16. She gives her children everythingthey want A. that B. who C. whom D. what 17. Tell meyou want and i will try to help you A. that B. what C. who D. which 18. The placewe spent our holiday was really beautiful A. what B. who C. where D. which 19. What was the name of the girlpassport was stolen? A. whose B. who C. which D. when 20. The bedI slep in was too soft A. whose B. which C. what D. who 21. 11. What was the name of the peoplecar had broken down A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 22. I recently went back to the townI was born A. what B. where C. who D. which 23. The resonI phoned him was to invite him to a party A. what B. whose C. why D. which 24. I don't agree with you have just said A. what B. who C. when D. which Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 71
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 25. She told me her addressI wrote on a piece of paper A. what B. which C. when D. where II. Join the following sentences using relative pronouns 1. Last summer we stayed in a hotel. The hotel was very expensive. The hotel 2. A man is making a speech at the wedding party. The man is my grandfather. The man 3. That film star gave his friend a party. The party cost $10,000 The party . 4. Do you known the man? His house was on fire last night. Do you know 5. I dont remember the shelf. I put my dictionary on it a few hours ago. I dont . III. Use which or what or who make questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Did you take the morning flight or the afternoon flight? Did you stay at the Grand Hotel or the Bristol? Do you like classical music, or jazz, or rock music, or ...? Did you buy 'Time' magazine, or 'Newsweek', or a computer magazine, or ...? Do you work with John, or Linda, or Peter, or ...? 6. Are you learning English, or Spanish, or Arabic, or Japanese, or ...? Unit 9: OTHER PROBLEMS
I. Adjectives - Adverbs: use the adjective in bracket or change them to adverb if necessary complete the sentences. 1. The exam was difficult. I couldnt do any of it (extreme). 2. The policeman looked at the thief(angry) 3. She sings(beautiful) Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 72
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 4. The perfume smells(awful) 5. We are very at playing chess(bad) 6. There was an accident, but fortunately no one was injured (serious) 7. I known her very (good) 8. My friend is studying for the exam (hard) 9. The students could only answerquestions (simple) 10. They looked ..when they appeared (funny) 11. She is upset about losing the job (absolute) 12. Its raining ...(heavy) 13. My father works . Hard (extreme) 14. We have been Together for fifteen years (happy) 15. She thought for a while and answered the questions (simple) 16. Her husband and she both speak English very (good) 17. Maria learns foreign languagesquickly (incredible) 18. She speaksEnglish (fluent) II. Chose in, at, or on 1. Write your namethe top of the page 2. I like that picture hanging.the wall..the kitchen 3. There was an accidentthe crossroads this morning 4. I wasn't sure whether I had come to the right office. There was no namethe door 5. the end of the street there is a path leading to the river 6. You 'll find the sports results..the back page of the newspaper 7. I wouldn't like an office job. I couldn't spend the whole day sitting.a desk 8. My brother lives.a small villagethe south-west England 9. The man the police are looking for has a scar.his right cheek 10. Nicola was wearing a silver ring..her little finger 11. It can be dangerous when children playthe street 12. If you walk to the end of the street, you 'll see the small shopthe corner 13. Is Tom the photograph? I can't find him 14. My office isthe first floor. It 'sthe left as you come out of the lift 15. We normally use the front entrance but there 's another entrancethe back 16. Is there anything interesting.paper today? 17. I love to look up at the starsthe sky at night 18. when i am a passenger in a car. I prefer to sit . the front III. Fill in each blank with a preposition 1. Could I speakTom. please? Im afraid. Toms work, but Jacks..Would you like to speak.him. 2. How do I get .The air terminal? Turn night ..the end of this street and youll see..front of you. 3. He started going ..school..the age of five, so now he been .school for ten years. Hes leaving the end of this year. 4. my surprise I was the only person.the bar. Everyone else had Gone.. the casino. 5. I think I left my umbrellathe bus. Id better write.the Lost property office 6. We arrivedthe airport in good time the plane. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 73
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city 7. Im interestedchess. but Im not very good.it. 8. Our train arrived .York.6.30, Paul met us the station. 9. Have you been..the theatre recently?. yes I was the old Vic last night 10. According the guidebook, there are three hotels.the town 11. I went bed early but I couldnt get .sleep because the people the next room were talking so loudly. 12. .first I found the work very tiring, but a few weeks I got used it. 13. There are an accident.the crossroads .midnight last night. Two men were taken .hospital. I believe one of them is still.hospital 14. the day time the streets are crowded but..night they are quite deserted. 15. I saw Tomthe bus stop this morning, but I couldnt speak him because we were standinga queue, and he wasthe front of it, and I wasthe back. 16. Hes alwaysa hurry. He drives.a tremendous speed. 17. He is looking forwardseeing his uncles letter. 18. .the summer, we went.the beach everyday. We stayeda lovely hotel rightthe beachthe morning we would get up .9:30, have breakfast, and then spend four hoursthe pool.all the other guestlunch we would eat something light like sandwiches and fruit.the afternoon we would return to the pool area. III. Choose the correct form 1. Rarely ____ she made mistake since she was a manager. A. have B. has C. is D. are
2. _____ the truth, she wouldnt have given Mark the money. A. She had known B. She has know C. Had she known D. Has she known
3. So beautiful _____ that the Queen is envious with her. A. Snow White is B. Snow White are C. is Snow White D. are Snow White
4. Never _____ in such a strange situation. A. has I been B. have I been C. am I been D. I have been
5. Seldom _____ dinner together. A. do Mark and Juliet have C. is Mark and Juliet have 6. Hardly _____ his wife presents on her birthday. Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty Email: hoangnam11@gmail.com 74 B. does Mark and Juliet have D. are Mark and Juliet have
VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city A. did James given B. does James gave C. had James given D. do James give
7. Scarcely _____, the rain became much more heavier. A. have I come in B. had I come in C. I have come in D. I came in
8. Only then ____ the letter from my son. A. do I receive B. did I receive C. have I received D. has I received
9. No sooner ____ , when Mary came over. A. have John gone out C. has John gone out B. had John gone out D. John has gone out
10. So frightened _____ the film that I couldnt sleep yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. have
75

Master Grammar - On Tap Ngu Phap

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VIET UC CENTER 80 - Tran Dai Nghia Street Hai Ba Trung District Hanoi city

MASTER ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Khi chuyn sang cu gin tip cc tn ng cng c chuyn i cho ph hp.

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

SENTENCES WITH MUTIPLE CLAUSES

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

For countable nouns For uncountable nouns

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

PHN II Unit 1: VERB TENSE

D. has been working

D. has been seen

2. We / look around / and / see / a show.

4. I / really pleased / see / Rachel again yesterday.

5. He / sit / garden / when / wasp / sting / him / nose.

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

2. The boys were in the middle of a game of cards (playing)

3. No one told me about the change of plan (know)

4. My friend was the winner of the competition (won)

5. Is it a fact that the Romans built this wall? (did)

6. I didnt want to go without taking a photo (until)

7. The computer has been mine for four years (had)

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

She is themember in the family. A. taller B. tallest C. tall D. most tall

Liz is two years ..than Jane. A. old B. older C. elder D. eldest

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

Do you know that beautiful girl over there?

No one............. 2. Janet arrived latter than John.

Janet didnt. 3. Rome has more old buildings than London.

London has 4. She knows more about them than I do.

I 5. They now live more happily than they used to.

She thinks Rome...

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

.. 3. That / most / beautiful / place / Viet Nam / I / visit.

.. 4. Travelling / car / fast / comfortable / than / motorbike.

... Unit 5: PASSIVE SENTENCES

The textbook to my teacher. A. belong B. is belonged C. belonging D. belongs

Look! These shoes need . A. to clean B. to be clean C. cleaning D. to be cleaning

The club 2 weeks ago. A. open B. opened C. was opened D. opens 64

Nam Hoang Van Vietnam Maritime University Shipbuilding Faculty

I want this exercisein ink. A. write B. writing C. to write D. written

Do you often get your car? A. wash B. washed C. to wash D. washing

I wassome money from my handbag. A. stolen B. got C. taken D. robbed