CNC

Ni dung
A) Chun b lp trnh
B) M lnh G
C) M lnh M
D) M lnh T,S v M
E) M lnh D v H
F) Chng trnh v d
Chng A
Chun b lp trnh
1.
Chng trnh l g ?
O0001
G91 G28 Z0 T9001
M06
N1
G90 G00 G54 X90.0 Y105.0;
Bn ngh g khi bn nghe thy thut ng gi l

lp trnh .
Bn ngh chng trnh l mt s kin th thao,
mt bi tp mang tnh gio dc,hay mt thao
tc my tnh ?.Ni chung chng trnh l mt
tp hp cc khi lnh ch dn cha ng ni
dung k hoch hoc l c vit ra nhm
thc hin mt cng vic, tun theo mt s quy
lut nht nh.
iu khin my NC cn phi c mt
chng trnh tt. Tt cc hot ng ca my
gm c :chuyn ng quay ca trc chnh,
chuyn ng ca dng c, iu khin cht lm
ngui u c th c iu khin bng
chng trnh.
Chng trnh c lp bng cc k t v ch
s. Hnh nh bn tri minh ho mt on
chng trnh.
Ni dung c a ra sau y trnh by
nhng bc cn thit vit mt chng
trnh. Xin hy c cn thn trc khi tin hnh
lp chng trnh.
G43 Z30.0 H01 S440 T5002;

M03;
G01 Z0 F2000;
X-160.0 F211;
..............
................
2.
Nhng yu cu i vi ngi lp chng trnh

Ngi lp chng trnh phi c kin thc v gia cng vit chng trnh
trn c s nhng kin thc ny v nn c k nhng iu sau y m
bo cc hot ng chnh xc, hiu qu v an ton.
Ngi lp chng trnh phi:
1. C hiu bit v l thuyt ct gt.
2. C kin thc v g, phi quyt nh c phng php
gia cng v m bo c qu trnh hot ng an ton v chnh
xc.
3. Chn c dng ct thch hp trn c s phn tch cc iu
kin gia cng :hnh dng, vt liu phi, tc quay, lng chay
dao, chiu su ct, chiu rng ct trnh cc s c c th pht
sinh trong qu trnh gia cng.
4. Hiu r kh nng gia cng ca my ang s dng.
5. Bit cc thit b an ton v chc nng kho lin ng ca my
ang s dng.
6. Hiu cc chc nng ca my lin quan ti vic lp trnh.
Lp chng trnh l g?
3.
Nhng hot ng cn thit khi lp mt

chng trnh
1. Kim tra bn v xc nh yu cu gia
cng.
Bn v phi c kim tra k hiu
c cc yu cu cn thit.
2. Phn tch cc phn gia cng, xc nh
g v dng c cn thit.
Mt s ngi to chng trnh ngay khi
va c xong bn v. S nng vi ny c
th gy sai hng v nguy him cho cc
hot ng ca my.
Bc
Miu t
M dng c
Phay mt u
02
Khoan
03
O0001
G91 G28 T9001;
M06;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X90.0 Y105.0
3.Xc nh cc bc gia cng trn c s

thng tin v kch thc ghi trn bn v.
Trnh t gia cng: trc ht l
nguyn cng phay mt u, th
hai l khoan cc l.
4. lp mt chng trnh, u tin hy
vit ra giy. Chng trnh bao gm cc
ch s v k t.
5.Sau khi hon thnh, cn thn kim
tra li ni dung chng trnh.
................
4.
Nhp chng trnh vo my

Sau khi vit chng trnh, s dng bn
phm trn bng iu khin nhp
chng trnh vo b nh NC.
Ni dung ca chng trnh nhp vo
c th c kim tra trn mn
hnh.Thc hin chng trnh, my s
hot ng theo theo cc khi lnh ca
chng trnh.
C nhng trng hp, du chm thp
phn khng c nhp y .
trnh nhng trng hp , ngi lp
trnh nn vit cc gi tr s theo cch
di y:
V d:
(1) Z.5 Z0.5
(2) X200. X200.0
Sau khi nhp chng trnh vo ,cn kim tra li chng trnh mt cch
cn thn xem c nhp sai hay thiu d liu hay khng.
Nu chng trnh c a vo b nh khng phi do ngi lp

trnh m do ngi iu khin my, hy vit tht r rng v chnh xc
bt k ai cng c th c d dng. Nu ngi iu khin my c sai v
nhp d liu sai, dng c ct v i dao c th va vo g trong qu
trnh gia cng, gy ra cc s c nghim trng, nguy him cho ngi v
my mc.
5.
Qu trnh cho n khi hon thnh sn phm
5.1
Trnh t lm vic
Phn ny s miu t trnh t thc hin gia cng sn phm hon chnh, bao
gm c vic lp chng trnh. Hiu v tin hnh theo cc bc sau, cng
vic s c tin hnh mt cch hiu qu.
1.Nghin cu bn v xc nh yu cu gia cng
Lp k hoch
sn xut v
lp trnh
2.Xc nh dng c s dng

3.Phn tch phng php nh v v kp
4.Lp chng trnh
Thit lp
5.Bt ngun cho my cng c
6.Nhp chng trnh vo my
7.Lu chng trnh vo b nh
8.Lp dng c v phi ln my
9.o v nhp vo gi tr b chiu cao v bn knh
Sn xut
hng lot
10. R g phi trn bn my xc nh im O

11.t im O
12.Kim tra chng trnh bng cch chy khng ct
13.Kim tra iu kin gia cng bng cch tin hnh ct th. (sa
chng trnh nu thy cn thit, chnh sa gi tr b dao nu cn
thit)
Sn xut
hng khi
14.Gia cng trong ch t ng

15.Hon thnh sn phm
5.2.
Cc mc cn kim tra
Cc mc cn kim tra trc khi gia cng c tm tt theo bng sau.
Kim tra nhng mc ny m bo qu trnh gia cng ch nh xc v an
ton
1
2
3
4
c bn v
5
6
7
8
9
1
Cc iu
kin gia
cng
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
Nhp
chng
trnh
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cc mc kim tra
Dung sai trn bn v?
Hiu c cc k hiu th hin chnh xc cha ?
Bit r vt liu v hnh dng phi cha?
Hiu r cc qu trnh thc hin trc v sau trn trung tm
gia cng cha?
Hiu c mu cht khi gia cng cha?
Xc nh chnh xc gc phi cha?
Hiu r v phi cha?
c k tt c cc kch thc v ghi ch trn bn v cha?
C gi sch s bn vv chc chn rng khng cn thng
tin no khng hiu.
Cc mc kim tra
Cc iu kin gia cng ph hp vi hnh dng v vt liu
phi khng.?
Phng php nh v chun cha ?
La chn ng dng c ct cha?
Th t cc bc gia cng c ph hp vi hnh dng v
vt liu phi khng ?
Liu c kh nng va p trong qu trnh gia cng?
Chun b phiu cng ngh cha?
Cc mc kim tra
Liu chng trnh ang c vit c ph hp vi hnh
dng v vt liu phi khng?
Chng trnh c c lp theo cc bc gia cng hay
khng
Du chm thp phn c c nhp y vo cc gi tr
s hay khng?
Du (+,-) c nhp trc cc gi tr s ng cha?
Ch chy dao s dng (chy dao nhanh, chy dao gia
cng) s dng ng cha?
Lng chy dao tip cn v lng chy dao ct xc
nh cha?
kim tra tt c d liu nhp vo chnh xc cha?
Liu c nhng li ngu nhin trong chng trnh do mt tp
trung hay khng?
1
Kp dng
c
(Mouting
Tool)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
B dao
(Tool
Offset)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
Cc mc kim tra
i dao v phn chui dao c lm sch trc khi kp
cha?
Dng c c th b mn hoc m khng ?
Hnh dng v vt liu dng c ph hp vi phi khng?
Dng c c kp ln i dao ng cha?
Chiu di dng c c ph hp khng?
Khi kp trc dao khot ln trc chnh, u dng c c
hng ngc vi hng di chuyn ca dng c khng?
Tt c dng c c ng k cha?
M dng c c c nhp chnh xc khng?
M s dng c c phn phi ph hp vi kch thc
dng c khng?
lu n khong cch lin k vi dng c c ng
knh ln cha?
Trong kho dao c b tr hp l cc khong trng gia l t
dao to v dao nh cha?
Cc mc kim tra
Cng tc Door Interlock c t v tr Nomal cha?
Ca ng cha?
Trong qu trnh thao tc b dao, cn cn nhc xem c th
gy va p dng c hay khng?
Tc dng c bt to ng cha?
Gi tr h ta phi c t ng cha ?
Gc phi c tnh ton tr( hoc cng) vi bn knh
dng c bt to cha ?
Khi tin hnh o d liu b chiu di dng c, gi tr Z ca
h ta s dng t v khng cha?
Hng b dao ng cha ?
Kim tra m s dng c oc b cha?
Kim tra d liu b hnh hc, b mn v h to h thng
c s dng cho vic b dao cha ?
Kim tra d liu b bn knh v chiu cao dng c ng
cha?
Cc mc kim tra
Kho DOOR INTERLOCK c t vo v tr Nomal
cha ?
Ca ng cha?
bt ch chy tng khi lnh hay cha?
Bc tin dao v tc ct ph hp cha?
5
6
7
8
Chy th
khng ct
(Dry run)
9
10
1
2
3
4
Chy ct
th
(Test
cutting)
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
o lng
(Measuring)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ch chy dao( chy dao nhanh hay chy ct gt)

ng cha?
Hng rt dao sau khi ct chnh xc cha?
Chuyn ng ca dng c trong vng tnh ton khng
m bo khng va p cha?
Kim tra kh nng va p ca dng c vi phi v g
cha?
C th dng khn cp trong qu trnh gia cng hay khng?
Sau khi kt thc chy th khng ct gt (Dry run),
chuyn li cng tc, trn bng iu khin(Dry run,
Feedrate) v v tr ng cha ?
Cc mc kim tra
cha?
Ca ng cha?
Chc nng chy chng trnh theo khi lnh n c bt
cha?
iu kin gia cng ( chiu su ct, chiu rng ct, lng
chy dao, tc trc chnh) hp l cha ?
Trnh t nguyn cng v bc gia cng c ph hp vi
hnh dng v vt liu phi hay khng?
La chn dng c ct hp l cha?
La chn g ph hp khng?
Phng php kp phi ng ng cha?
Qu trnh ct c th c quan st khng ?
Lu lng v hng phun dung dch lm ngui c ng
khng?
Dng c ct c th va p vi phi v g khng?
Kch thc c c o sau ct th cha ?
Cng tc Override trn bng iu khin c c t ti %
ph hp vi lng chy dao nhanh v chy dao ct gt
khng?
C th dng my khn cp trong qu trnh gia cng khng?
Cc mc kim tra
chnh xc dng c o c ph hp khng?
La chn dng c o ng khng?
Trnh t o ng khng?
Phng php o ph hp cha?
Vng c o c c xc nh r rng khng?
Vng c o c th b ln phoi v dung dich lm mt
khng?
Kch thc c c o sau qu trnh ct th hay khng?
10
8
1
sn xut
hng lot
(Mass
production)
2
3
4
5
6
Khi o, phi c c lm mt khng ?

Cc mc kim tra
cha?
Ca ng cha?
Tt c cc chc nng NC nh SingleBlock kim tra
chng trnh c tt cha?
Mc tiu thi gian gia cng cho mt phi l bao nhiu?
mn dao c c kim sot khng ?
Kch thc c c o sau qu trnh ct th hay khng?
11
6.
Cc thut ng trong lp trnh

Trong phn ny s trnh by mt s thut ng c bn c dng khi lp
mt chng trnh.
6.1.
S chng trnh (Program number)

C th lu tr nhiu chng trnh trong trong b nh NC. S chng trnh
dng lu tr nhiu chng trnh, phn bit vi cc chng trnh
khc trong b nh v c xp xp theo mt trt t nht nh. S chng
trnh (dng s) phi c t ti dng u tin ca chng trnh. S
chng trnh c xc nh bng bn ch s hoc t hn, sau k t
Alphabet O, t 1 to 9999.
O0001;----------------------------------------- S chng trnh

G91G28Z0T9001;
M06;
N1;
G90G00G54X90.0Y105.0;
:
M01;
M06;
N2;
G90G00G54X0Y0;
........
M30;
ch
Nu s chng trnh tn ti trong b nh, n khng th c tip.

nhp chng trnh, phi i li s chng trnh.
S chng trnh c th c t hn 4 ch s.
V d nu bn nhp s chng trnh l O1, mn hnh s t ng hin th
O0001.
12
6.2.
S th t (Sequence number)
S th t s dng tm kim hoc gi ti v tr mt dng lnh ang s
dng, hoc tm mt v tr m bn mun sa cha chng trnh d dng.
S th t c th hin bng mt s gm 5 ch s theo sau k t N.
Thng thng, s t t dng ch nh mt phn chng trnh, s dng
cho mt dng c ct xc nh theo th t.
O0001
G91G28Z0T9001
M06;
N1;------------------------------------------------ S th t
G90G00G54X90.0Y105.0;
G91G28Z0M05;
M01;
M06;
N2;------------------------------------------------ S th t
G90G00G54X0Y0;
M30;
1.
2.
Nu mt s th t c s ch s ln hn 5, th 5 ch s t v tr c gi tr
nh nht c nhn l s th t
Khng nht thit phi s dng s th t.
Nu mt dung lng chng trnh qu di v vt qu sc cha ca b
nh th t s th t vo v tr bt u ca mi nguyn cng (hay bc),
hoc khng s dng s th t, iu ny s gip tit kim b nh.
13
6.3.
on chng trnh (Part Program)

on chng trnh cha cc thng tin cn thit cho vic thc hin tng
nguyn cng (hay bc) c tin hnh bi mt dng c.
O0001;
G91G28Z0T9001;
M06;
N1;
G90G00G54X90.0Y105.0;
G43Z30.0H1S440T502;
M01;
M06;
N2;
G90G00G54X0Y0;
G43Z30.0H2S800T503;
G91G28Z0M05;
M01;
M06
6.4.
(phn chng trnh dnh

cho dng c s 9001)
(phn chng trnh dnh

cho dng c s 5002)
a ch (Address)
S dng ch ci trong bng Alphabet nh ngha mt a ch.
G01 Z0
F2000
a ch
6.5.
D liu (Data)
Nhng s (bao gm k hiu v du chm thp phn) theo sau a ch
c gi l D liu.
G01 Z0 F2000
D liu.
ch
Ngoi ra, cc thng tin khc a vo h thng NC cho vic gia cng phi
cng c gi l d liu.
Xc nh r kiu ca d liu t vic gii thch khi lnh
14
6.6.
T lnh (Word)
T lnh l n v nh nht gi mt chc nng xc nh. Mt t bao gm
c a ch v d liu.
G01
Z0
F2000
T
6.7.
Khi lnh (Block)

Khi lnh l n v lnh nh nht cn thit iu khin my, ng thi
cng l n v nh nht to nn chng trnh. Mt khi lnh bao gm
nhiu t lnh.
Trong chng trnh, mi dng lnh tng ng vi mt khi lnh.
O0001;..................................................... Khi th nht.
G91G28Z0T9001;......................................Khi th hai.
M06;...........................................................Ki th ba.
ch
6.8.
Khi lnh c kt thc bng k t [;].
Tm tt
Mt chng trnh bao gm cc t lnh, s kt hp ca a ch v d liu,
mt khi lnh bao gm nhiu t lnh, nh c minh ho sau y:
O0001;---------------------------------------s chng trnh.
G91G28Z0T9001;-------------------------khi lnh
N1;--------------------------------------------s th t
G90G00G54X90.0Y105.0;
on
G91G28Z0M05;---------------------------khi lnh.
chng
M01;
Chng
trnh
M06;
trnh
N2;------------------------------------------- s th t.
G90G00G54X0Y0;----------------------- khi lnh
on
:
chng
trnh
G91G28Z0M05;
M30;----------------------------------------- khi lnh
15
7.
iu khin v nh hng cc trc

Trong phn ny s miu t chuyn ng theo cc trc c iu khin v
quan h ca chng trong chng trnh.
Hiu k v phng chiu cc trc iu khin l rt cn thit khi lp
trnh.
7.1.
Di chuyn theo cc trc iu khin

Trong phn ny s nh ngha cc trc v cch xc nh cc trc trong
chng trnh.
7.1.1.
Trc
X
Y
Z
Lot my MV,SV,SVD.
Cc trc iu khin v hng ca chng c xc nh nh sau:
B phn
chiu dng(+) v m(-)
Bnmy
chiu +
v bn tri, nu quan st t mt trc my ti phi
Bn my
chiu +
hng ra mt phng trc ca my.
(Hng quan st t thn my n phi)
u trc
chiu +
chnh
i ln ,quan st my t mt trc
(hng ln, quan st theo chiu t phi ln trc quay
ca dng c).
16
7.2.
Din t chuyn ng cc trc trong chng trnh.

Vi lot my MV,SV,SVD, cc k hiu(+),(-) xc nh hng cc trc
chuyn ng.
Trc c
iu khin.
Chuyn ng thc.
Chuyn ng gi nh khi lp
trnh
Trng hp lnh X+__,

bn my di chuyn sang tri
,khi quan st my t mt phng
trc
Vi lnh Y+__ th bn my
chy v pha ngi iu khin.
Y
Vi lnh Z+__ th bn my i
ln, theo hng nhn t mt
trc
17
Nu dng c c gi nh l
di chuyn trong khi bn my
khng chuyn ng, c ngha
l dng c di chuyn sang phi
Nu dng c c gi nh l
di chuyn trong khi bn my
khng chuyn ng, c ngha
l dng c di chuyn sang t
v tr ngi iu khin ti thn
my
Cng hng vi chuyn ng
thc
Nu gi thit dng c di chuyn, trong khi bn my ng yn, th phng,

chiu cc trc c nh ngha nh di y:
18
8.
im gc phi
Khi a ra lnh di chuyn dng c ct ti im A, v d, nu khng c
im tham chiu, my s khng th tm c to im A.
im tham chiu c thit lp cho chng trnh c gi l im gc
phi, im (X0,Y0,Z0).
Trong chng trnh, gi tr to (X,Y,Z) c tham chiu vi im gc
phi. Theo , gc phi phi c xc nh r rng.
im gc phi nn c xc nh ti im m c th xc nh mt cch
thun tin. Vic xc nh gc phi lm cho cho vic lp trnh tr ln d
dng cng nh l m bo chnh xc.
Trn bn v, gc phi c k hiu nh sau:
<V d v t im gc phi>
1).V d v t gc phi ti tm d dng tnh ton to tm l, hoc
cc hc trn. (pocket)
2).Khi dng hnh hc ca chi tit gia cng c tnh i xng, chn gc phi
nh hnh v tnh ton to d dng.
19
9.
To lp trnh
xc nh chuyn ng ca dng c ct t im hin ti ti im tip
theo (im ch ), s dng 2 kiu lnh sau y :
1. Lnh tuyt i .
2. Lnh gia s.
Khi vit chng trnh, phi hiu r bn cht ca tng loi to ny,
s dng hp l.
9.1.
Lnh tuyt i
Lnh tuyt i nh ngha ta mt im bng khong cch, c du (+)
,(-) xc nh, t im gc phi (X0,Y0,Z0).
Ch lnh tuyt i c xc nh vi lnh G90.
Lnh vi h to tuyt i(1)
To ca im (1) v (2) vit trong
h to tuyt i
G90 X100 Y10.0;............(1).
X-20.0Y20;.....................(2).
1. Du dng c th b nhng
du m th phi c vit y
.
X+10.0 X10.0
Y+10.0 Y10.0
2. Gi tr c vit trong (O,O)
trong hnh bn tri l gi tr
to ca (X,Y).
20
Lp trnh theo h to tuyt i (2)

Din t cc im (1),(2), (3) v (4) theo h to tuyt i trn mt phng
X-Y-Z
G90 X-175.0 Y-100 Z50.0;.........(1).
(G90)X175.0(Y-100) Z50.0;........(2).
(G90)(X175.0)Y100(Z50.0);........(3).
(G90)X-175.0 (Y100.0) (Z50.0);..(4)
Cc t lnh trong (...),
tng t cc khi lnh
trc , c th c b
qua.
21
9.2
Lnh gia s
Lnh gia s nh ngha to mt im bng cch ch ra khong cch di
chuyn ti im ch t im hin ti. Chiu dng ch ra rng im
nm theo hng dng so vi im hin ti.
Ch lnh gia s c xc nh vi lnh G91
Din t lnh gia s (1)
S dng lnh gia s di chuyn dng c t im (1) ti im (2).
G90X10.0Y10.0;...................................(1).
G91X-30.0Y10.0;..................................(2).
b
1). Vi to du dng c th
nhng du m th khng
c b.
X+30.0
X30.0.
Y+10.0
Y10.0.
2). Gi tr c vit trong (O,O)
trong hnh bn l gi tr to
ca (X,Y)
Din t lnh gia s (2)

S dng lnh gia s di chuyn qua cc im (1),(2),(3) v (4).
G90X-175.0Y-100.0Z50.0;....................(1).
G91X350.0(Y0)(Z0);..............................(2).
(G91)(X0)Y200.0(Z0);............................(3).
(G91)X-350.(Y0)(Z0);.............................(4).
Cc t lnh trong (...), tng t
cc khi lnh trc , c th
c b qua.
22
9.3.
Tm tt
S khc nhau gia lp trnh theo to tuyt i v gia s c tm tt
theo bng di y.
Lp trnh tuyt i
Lp trnh tng i
K t a ch.
G90(X_;Y_;Z_;)
G91(X_;Y_;Z_;)
ngha du (+,-)
th hin vng tn ti ca hng chuyn ng tip
im
theo ca dng c
ngha ca gi tr s.
khong cch so vi gc Hnh trnh cn di
phi
chuyn tip theo
im tham chiu .
im gc phi
V tr dng c hin ti.
(X0,Y0,Z0).
Ni chung, mt chng trnh thng c vit theo lnh tuyt i. Lnh
gia s thng c s dng khi lp trnh gia cng nhng phn lp i lp
li theo tng bc c nh.
23
10.
Xc nh iu kin ct gt.
Cc iu kin ct gt c thit lp
khi lp chng tr nh c nh hng ln
n s an ton, hiu sut v chnh
xc gia cng, c chn khi lp chng
trnh. Cc iu kin ny phi c kim
tra cn thn.
Sau y l 4 iu kin ct gt cn phi
quan tm khi gia cng
1. Tc trc chnh (Spindle Speed) (min-1).
S400;.................Tc trc chnh 400v/ph

min-1 c ngha l vng/pht
ch
2. Tc tin dao ct (Cutting Feedrate) (mm/min)

Tc tin dao c t trc tip sau a ch F
F100;................. Tc tin dao 100m/ph

3.
ch
Chiu su ct (Depth of cut)

Khng c chc nng c bit xc nh chiu su ct. Chiu su ct
t c bng cch di chuyn dng c theo trc Z.
Vi nguyn cng gia cng l, chiu su ct c th c ch nh bng

cch s dng mt a ch.
Vi nguyn cng gia cng l, chiu su ct c th ch ra bng a ch.
(c th hn, c th tham kho phn sau ca gio trnh).
4. Chiu rng ct.(Cutting Width).
Khng c chc nng c bit ch nh chiu rng ct Chiu rng
ct t c bng cch di chuyn dng c theo trc X v Y.
24
11.
M G
M M
M S
M F
M T
M D
M H
Cc dng m lnh
Mt chng trnh c lp bng cch s dng k t v ch s. Cc
m lnh G,M,S,F,T,D,v H l th hin cc chc nng chnh.
Chi tit v cc m lnh ny s c trnh by chng B v cc chng
k tip.
Bng di y s khi qut cc chc nng trn.
Cc chc nng.
Ch ra phng php gia cng trong mi khi lnh hoc chuyn ng
theo cc trc. Trc cc lnh ny, NC s chun b cho chuyn ng
trong mi khi lnh. V l do ny, chc nng G cn c gi l chc
nng chun b.
Gi l cc chc nng ph v lm vic nh mt chc nng h tr cho
chc nng G.
V d :M08;.................. .bt dung dch lm ngui.
M09;....................tt dung dch lm ngui.
t tc quay ca trc chnh .
V d :S400;..................l tc trc vi 400vng/pht.
t tc tin dao
V d :F100;..................l lng tin dao 100mm/pht.
Ch nh m s dng c.
V d :T1;......................l gi dng c ct s 1.
Ch nh m s b bn knh dng c
V d:D1;.......................b bn knh dng c theo gi tr lu trong a
ch 1 ca b nh.
Ch nh m s b chiu di dng c
V d :H01.....................b chiu di dng c theo gi tr lu trong
a ch 1 ca b nh.
25
T v a ch
Bng di y a ra v gii thch cc T v a ch c s dng trong
chng trnh :
Chc nng
S chng trnh
S th t
Chc nng chun
b.
T kho kch thc
a ch
:(ISO)/O(EIA).
N
G
ngha.
S chng trnh
S th t
Dng chuy n ng
Lnh di chuyn theo cc trc:
Cung bn knh, gc R.
To tm ....
X,Y,Z,A,B,C
R
I,J,K
Chc nng tin dao

Chc nng tc
quay trc chnh .
Chc nng dng c
F
S
Tc tin dao,bc ren.

Tc quay trc chnh.
Chc nng hn hp
M
B
H
P,U,X
P
P,Q
P
S hiu dng c s ,m s b
dng c .
iu khin tt m my.......
.........................................
M s b
Thi gian dng.
gi chng trnh con.
S ln lp trong chng trnh
m s ln lp trong chng trnh
con
M s b dng c
Dng
S chng trnh
nh r s tip theo
Lp i lp li
26
T v a ch
Bng di y gii thch s khc bit ca T v a ch trong chng
trnh.
a ch
ngha
B
C
Xc nh v tr trn trc B (lnh tuyt i)

Ch nh gc quay ca trc chnh (lnh tuyt i)
Tc tin dao.
Phng php gia cng v chuyn ng ca cc trc trong mi

khi lnh thuc chng trnh
Ch nh gc quay ca trc chnh (lnh gia s )
Mt thnh phn ca lnh ni suy cung trn, tng ng vi lng
di chuyn theo trc X
di chuyn theo trc Y
di chuyn theo trc Z
iu khin cc chc nng ON/ OFF ca my.
S th t
S chng trnh.
t thi gian dng v gi chng trnh con
Q
R
Chiu su ct mi lt khi s dng chu trnh gia cng l .
Tc quay trc chnh
S dng c.
V tr trn trc X (lnh gia s) v lnh thi gian trong chc nng
dng .
V tr trn trc Z (lnh tuyt i) v lnh thi gian trong chc nng
dng .
V tr trn trc Y (lnh tuyt i) v lnh thi gian trong chc nng
dng
V tr trn trc Z (lnh tuyt i)
H
I
J
K
W
X
Z
Gi tr bn knh trong lnh ni suy cung trn.
27
12.
Mu c bn ca mt chng trnh
y l mu chng trnh khi lp chng trnh cho cc dng c (phay b
mt, phay ngn vv....).:
O0001;..........................Tn chng trnh (Dng lnh ny ch c a

ra mt ln vo thi im bt u chng trnh).
N1;............................... S th t (dng lnh ny ch c a ra mt ln
Bt u nguyn cng hay bc mi).
G90G00G54X_Y_; ......Chy dao nhanh n X_Y theo to tuyt i
im gc phi c xc nh bi G54 n G59.
G43Z_H_S_T_(M08); Di chuyn dao n to Z gi gi tr b dao H theo chiu
Z ca dao v gi dng c tip theo (T) ti v tr thay
dao.
t tc trc chnh quay vi vn tc S v lnh bt dung
dch ti ngui (M08)
ch
M08 c th c b i nu khng cn ti ngui

Quay trc chnh theo chiu thun
Rt dng c tr v, tt dung dch lm ngui.
Tr v im gc my, dng trc chnh
Dng tm thi
i dng c.
M03;
G00 Z_(M09);
G91G28Z0M05;
M01;
M06
N2................................
.....................................
M6................................
M30;
Kt thc chng trnh ,quay v dng u chng trnh
28
13.
Nhng ch khi lp chng trnh
13.1.
S chng trnh
Tt c cc s chng trnh phi trong khong 4 ch s. Tuy nhin, khng
cn thit phi vit y c 4 ch s. Mt s chng trnh c nhp t
hn bn ch s s c nhn ra v hin th thnh mt s bn ch s sau
khi c nhp vo NC. Nu nhp vo l O1, NC s nhn ra v hin th
thnh O0001.
ch
Vic nhp s chng trnh nm ch s hoc hn l khng c php.
13.2.
Khong cch gia lnh trong chng trnh
O0001;
G91 G28 Z0 T9001;
M06;
N1;
G90_G00 G54 X90
Y105.0;..................................(1).
G43_Z30.0 H1 S440 T5002;
Mt chng trnh s c vit theo cch sau

y:
Trn dng (1), 1 khong trng c t gia
G00 v G90. Khi nhp chng trnh, khng
th chn 1 khong trng vo gia cc t
lnh. Tuy nhin khi nhp chng trnh vo b
nh NC, mt khong trng s c t ng
chn vo gia cc t lnh.
Khong trng.
13.3.
Du v k hiu
Mt chng trnh c lp bng cc k t Alphabet, cc du +,-,cc k
hiu, cc ch s v du chm thp phn. Ngoi ra, ti cui im mi khi
lnh s dng du ; kt thc lnh v k hiu / b qua mt khi
lnh.
ch
Chc nng b qua mt dng lnh:

Nu chc nng ny c kch hot, cc dng lnh bt u bng du / s
c b qua cho ti dng lnh tip theo. Chng trnh tip tc thc hin
cc dng lnh khng cha du /.
Nu chc nng b qua mt dng lnh khng c kch hot, chng trnh
s thc hin tt c cc dng lnh , k c nhng dng lnh c du / .
Cc k hiu sau y u c s dng: [,] [*] [ [ ] ] [( )] [#].
Ch k hiu [ @ ] khng c dng.
29
13.4
Nhp du chm thp phn

Vi h NC, c th s dng du chm thp phn vo d liu s, bao
gm nh khong cch, gc, thi gian, tc .
Cc a ch sau cho php s dng du chm thp phn.
Khong cch v gc : X,Y,Z,U,W,A,B,C,I,J,K,Q,R.
Thi gian
:X
Tc tin dao
: F
Khi a mt gi tr s sau mt a ch, phi chc chn gi tr a l
chnh xc, nu thiu hoc sai v tr ca du chm thp phn c th
gy va p khi chy chng trnh s c th gy h hng
my.
s dng h mm, s dng G21.
X1.0
=
X1mm
X1
=
X0.001 mm
(Nu khng c du chm thp phn, chng trnh s coi gi tr
theo n v nh nht )
s dng h inch, s dng G20.
X1.0
=
X1inch
X1
=
X0.001 inch
(Nu khng c du chm thp phn, chng trnh s coi gi tr
theo n v nh nht) .
ch
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
C nhiu gii hn trong cc n v s dng, tu thuc vo loi a ch

s dng.
Cc n v s dng l: mm inch , v giy.
X150.0
X15mm hay X15inches.
G04 X10 Dng 1 giy.
F10.0
10 mm/rev, 10 mm/pht,10inch/rev, 10 inch/pht
Trong trng hp s dng lnh thi gian dng, du chm thp phn
c th s dng vi a ch X. Tuy nhin, khng c s dng du chm
thp phn nu dng a ch P, v a ch P ng thi cng dng ch
s th t.
gi m lnh dng trong 1gi:
G04 X3600.0
(1gi = 3600s).
Trong chng trnh hay trong mt khi lnh c th dng hoc khng
dng du chm thp phn.
X1000 Z23.7;
X10.0 Z22359;
30
Chng B
M lnh G
31
1.
Danh sch cc m G
M G c th coi l m lnh chun b. M G, bao gm cc a ch G v gi
tr s, sau xc nh cc phng php gia cng v chuyn ng trn cc
trc trong mt cu lnh. H NC s thit lp cc dng iu khin p
ng m G c ch ra.
Gi tr s theo sau a ch G nh ngha cc lnh, c vit trong tng khi.
Ph thuc vo cc m G tip sau, chng s c phn loi thnh 2 kiu
sau:
Kiu lnh
ngha
Ch c hiu lc trong mt khi xc nh
Dng m G n
(M G trong 1 nhm 00
ngoi tr G10 v G11)
Dng m G Module
M G c hiu lc cho n khi mt m G
(M G theo nhm )
khc c a ra
V d, G00 v G01 c 2 u l dng m theo module , chng u l dng
m G theo nhm, tr nhm 00.
G01 X_ Y_ ;
G01 C hiu lc trong on
X_;
chng trnh ny
Y_;
G00 X_ Y_;
ch
1. Khi a ra m G trong mt cu lnh, chng phi c t trc a ch.

Nu t m G sau mt a ch m n thit lp ch lm vic, ch
c thit lp s khng c hiu lc vi a ch .
2. Trong cng mt cu lnh, c th s dng nhiu m G, iu ny tu thuc
tng nhm m G khc nhau.
3. Nu nhiu m G a ra trong 1 cu lnh, cc m G ch ra sau cng s c
hiu lc.
4. Nu 1 m G khng c trong bng m G hoc khng c trong phn la
chn b xung a ra, tn hiu cnh bo (No. 010) s hin trn mn hnh.
5. NC thit lp ch m G , xc nh bi biu tng ], khi ngun in c
bt ln.
6. taro cng, t M29 S_ trong khi lnh trc khi lnh cha G84
hoc G74.
7. i vi cc my c APC, im gc th 3,4 c dng iu khin APC ,
khng dng cho mc ch khc.
32
M
G00
G01
G02
Nhm
01
G03
G04
G09
G10
G10.6
G11
G17
G18
G19
G20
G21
G27
G28
G29
G30
G30.1
G31
G33
G40
G41
00
02
06
00
01
07
G42
G43
G44
G45
G46
G47
G48
G49
G52
G53
G54
G55
G56
08
00
08
00
M lnh
Xc nh v tr
Ni suy tuyn tnh
Ni suy cung trn/xon vt/ xon Acsimet/ hnh nn
cng chiu kim ng h.
Ni suy cung trn/xon vt/ xon Acsimet/ hnh nn
ngc chiu kim ng h.
Dng tnh tin dng c/Dng chnh xc
Dng chnh xc
Thay i h to phi
Hu ch G10
Chn mt mt phng gia cng XY
Chn mt mt phng gia cng XZ
Chn mt mt phng gia cng ZY
t n v lm vic theo h inch
t n v lm vic theo h mm
Quay v gc my
Tr quay v gc my t ng
Quay v gc my th 2, th 3 hoc th 4
im O th hai /th ba, th t
B qua m lnh
Ct ren
Hu b hiu chnh b bn knh
Hiu chnh bn knh dng c ct, dao bn tri cng
tua gia cng
Hiu chnh bn knh dng c ct, dao bn phi cng
tua gia cng
B chiu di dng c , +
B chiu di dng c , B v tr dng c , tng
B v tr dng c , gim
B v tr dng c , tng 2 ln
B v tr dng c , gim 2 ln
Hu b chiu di dng c
t h to a phng
La chn h to my
La chn h to phi th nht
La chn h to phi th hai
La chn h to phi th ba
33
G57
G58
G59
G60
G61
G62
G63
G64
G65
G66
G67
G72.1
G72.2
G73
G74
G76
G80
G81
G82
G83
G84
G84.2
G84.3
G85
G86
G87
G88
G89
G90
G91
G92
G94
G95
G96
G97
G98
G99
14
00
15
00
12
La chn h to phi th t
La chn h to phi th nm
La chn h to phi th su
Tip cn theo mt hng
M lnh dng chnh xc
Ch Taro
Ch ct gt (ch kim tra dng chnh xc)
Gi marco
Gi nhm marco
Hu gi nhm marco
00
09
03
00
13
10
Chu
trnh
gia
cng l
Gia cng l su tc cao

Chu trnh taro
Chu trnh khot l
Hu chu trnh gia cng l
Chu trnh khoan l nng
Chu trnh khot l bc
Chu trnh gia cng l su
Chu trnh taro
Chu trnh taro cng
Chu trnh taro cng, ren tri
Chu trnh khot l
Chu trnh khot l
Chu trnh khot l, mt sau.
Chu trnh khot l
Chu trnh khot l
t h to tuyt i
t h to gia s
i h to phi/ t tc quay ln nht
t tc tin dao /pht
t tc tin dao /vng
Tc b mt khng i
Hu tc b mt khng i
t kiu rt dao, trong chu trnh gia cng l
t kiu rt dao, trong chu trnh gia cng l
34
2.
Cc dng to ( G90 , G91)

(Lnh t to tuyt i v gia s )
Nhng m lnh nhm xc nh dng chuyn ng t v tr hin ti ti v tr
tip theo (im ch)
(1). Chuyn ng trong to tuyt i . G90
(2). Chuyn ng trong to gia s ....G91
Cu lnh vi h to tuyt i G90
Khi lnh tuyt i xc nh to im ch theo h to ca gc phi
(X0,Y0,Z0).
Cu lnh t h to gia s G91
Lnh vi h to gia s nh ngha to im ch bng hnh trnh cn
di chuyn trn cc trc ti im tnh t v tr hin ti. Chiu dng ch
ra rng v tr im tip theo nm theo hng dng so vi im hin ti.
1. Khi lnh tuyt i
G90 X_Y_Z_;
2. Khi lnh gia s
G91 X_Y_ Z_;

G90 .. ra lnh lm vic vi h to tuyt i.
G91 .. ra lnh lm vic vi h to gia s.
X,Y,Z (G90 ) ch ra hng v khong cch ti im
ch, tnh t gc phi
(G91) ch ra khong di chuyn ti im ch tnh
t im hin ti.
ch
Khi s dng G90, n s c hiu lc kho n khi G91 c

s dng trong chng trnh. Tng t nh vy, G91 s c
hiu lc, nu c ch ra trong chng trnh, cho n khi a ra G90.
Nhng m G nh vy c gi l m G module.
i vi nhm m G, tham kho B-1(1.)
K hiu chiu dng (+) c th b qua , k t (-) phi ghi y .
X+10.0
X10.0
Y+10.0
35
Y10.0
Lp trnh s dng G90 & G91 t (1)-(2)

Chng trnh cho dng c chuyn ng theo trc X & trc Y
<Vi lnh tuyt i >
Y
G90G00 X10.0 Y10.0....................(1)
X-20.0 Y20.0................................(2)
< Vi lnh gia s >
X
X G90 G00 X10.0 Y10.0;................. (1)

G91 X-30.0 Y10.0;........................(2)
Gi tr c vit trong (O,O) hnh
minh ho bn tri, ch ra gi tr to
ca (X,Y)
Chng trnh s dng G90 & G91 ( 2 )

Lp trnh chuyn ng (1)- (2)- (3)- (4) trn trc X , Y , Z
< Vi h to tuyt i >
G90 G00 X-175.0 Y-100.0 Z50.0 ; .......(1)
X175 (Y-100.0 ) ( Z50.0 ) ; .(2)
( X175.0 ) Y100.0 ( Z50.0 ) ; ..(3)
X-175 (Y100.0 ) ( Z50.0 ) ; .(4)
< Vi h to gia s >
G90 G00 X-175.0 Y-100.0 Z50.0 ;.(1)
G91 X350 (Y0) (Z0) ;.......(2)
(X0 ) Y200.0 (Z0) ; ...(3)
X-350.0 (Y0) (Z0) ; ..........(4)
Cc t lnh trong ( ..............) c th b qua.
Cc lnh vit trong k hiu (...) c
th c b qua.
36
Chng trnh s dng G90 & G91 ( 3 )

Lp trnh di chuyn dng c theo (1) (2) (3) (4) trn trn trc X v Y,
s dng vi h tuyt i v gia s.
G90 G00 X10.0 Y10.5...................(1)

X-20.0 Y20.0.................................(2)
G91 X5.0 Y-30.0.......................... (3)
X25.0 Y-10.0 .................................(4)
G90 X20.0 Y-10.0........................ (5)
37
6.
G00 Di chuyn dng c vi tc chy khng ct

(Tc tin dao ln nht)
Khi s dng khi lnh G00, tt c cc lnh
chuyn ng u thc hin vi tc chy
dao nhanh nht.
M G00 thng xuyn c s dng trong 4
hot ng sau:
1. Di chuyn ti im bt u gia cng
(Di chuyn dng c ti gn phi)
2. Sau qu trnh ct gt
Rt dao ra khi phi, khi ct gt kt thc,
di chuyn n vng gia cng tip theo.
Khi di chyn dng c vi tc
chy dao nhanh khng ct, phi
chc chn khng c vt cn no
trn ng dng c.
3.
Kt thc gia cng

a dng c ra xa phi khi qu trnh ct
gt kt thc.
G00 X_Y_Z_;
G00 ............. gi m lnh chy dao nhanh
X , Y, Z v tr.
Nu chuyn ng trn cc trc X,Y,Z c a ra ng thi trong cng mt
khi lnh th ng chy dao c th l ng cho t im hin ti n
im cui lp trnh. Do , khi chy dao nhanh, nht thit phi m bo
trn ng chy dao khng c vt cn. Nu gp nhng vt cn nh g,
phi...., dng c ct hoc i dao c th b va p, dn n s c h hng.
ch
1. Khi s dng G00 trong chng trnh, n lun c hiu lc cho n

khi mt m G khc trong nhm 01 c a ra ( G00, G01, G02 , G03)
Vi m G, c th tham kho trong B_1(1.).
2. Tc chy dao nhanh thay i tu thuc vo tng my .

3. Trn mt my c th, tc chy dao nhanh c iu chnh mt cch
thch ng bng cng tc iu khin, trn bng iu khin.
4. Nu cng tc iu khin tc chy dao trn bng iu khin t v
0, tc chy dao nhanh khng c thc hin .
38
Chng trnh s dng G00

- Chng trnh iu khin dng c ct di chuyn theo (1) (2) (3) (4)
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00X33.0 Y25.0 .Chy dao nhanh ti im 1
X-31.0 ...Chy dao nhanh ti im 2
X15.0 Y-15.0 ...Chy dao nhanh ti im 3
X15.0 Y25.0 Chy dao nhanh ti im 4
V G00 thuc nhm m G module, n s c hiu lc trong cc khi lin
tip, do tt c cc lnh di chuyn trong cc khi lnh trn u c thc
hin tc chy dao nhanh.
39
7.
Di chuyn dng c theo ng thng vi tc chy dao

ct gt
S dng lnh G01, dng c chy theo
ng thng gia cng
Tc tin dao xc nh bng gi tr ghi
sau m F, chnh l tc tin dng c
trong mt pht.
Lnh ny c s dng cho
phay mt u, phay hc s
dng dao phay ngn, hoc
dao hc c gn mnh ct.
G01 X_Y_Z_F_;
G01 ...........gi m lnh ni suy tuyn tnh.
X,Y,Z..........ta im ch gia cng.
F.................Tc tin dao.
ch
1.
2.
3.
Khi lnh G01 c s dng, n c hiu lc cho n khi mt m G khc

trong nhm 01 c ch ra. ( v d G00, G02, G03).
Tc tin dao c th c iu chnh bng cng tc iu khin trn
bng iu khin, phm vi iu chnh t 0%-150%.
Khi bt u chng trnh, tc tin dao c t bng 0.Nu
khng t tc tin dao sau m F, chng trnh s hin th
thng bo li (No.011).
40
Chng trnh s dng G01

Chng trnh iu khin dng c ct chuyn ng t (1)-(2)-(3)-(4) vi tc
ct.
O0001;
N1;
G90 G01 X33.0 Y25.0 F500;
Chy dao ti im (1), vi tc tin dao l

500mm/min.
X-31.0.......................................Chy dao ti im (2), vi tc tin dao l
500mm/min
X15.0 Y15.0F250 .....................Chy dao ti im (3), vi tc tin dao l
250mm/min.
X15.0 Y-25.0.............................Chy dao ti im (4), vi tc tin dao l
250mm/min
G01 l m G module, n c tc dng vi cc khi tip theo.
Chnh v vy, cc lnh chuyn ng trn c thc hin vi cng
mt tc tin dao cho n khi gp tc tin dao mi.
41
8.
G02, G03 di chuyn dng c theo cung trn vi tc tin

dao ct gt.
G02, G03 c s dng khi gia
cng cung trn.
1. Ni suy cung trn trn mt phng XY
G17 G02(G03)X_Y_I_J_F_;
G17 G02(G03)X_Y_R_F_;
2. Ni suy cung trn trn mt phng ZX
G18 G02(G03)X_Z_I_K_F_;
G18 G02(G03)X_Z_R_F_;
3. Ni suy cung trn trn mt phng ZY
G19 G02(G03)Y_Z_J_K_F_;
G19 G02(G03)Y_Z_R_F_;
-G17, G18, G19 ...La chn mt phng ni nh cung
trn c nh ngha.
-G02................................... Gi ni suy cung trn theo chiu kim
ng h.
-G03................................... Gi ni suy cung trn ngc chiu
kim ng h.
-X ,Y ,Z...............................To im cui cung trn.
-I, J, K.................................Khong cch v chiu tnh t im
bt u cung trn n tm cung trn.
-R... Bn knh cung trn.
42
-F....Tc chy dao.

ch
1. Khi bt u bt in, G17 (la chn mt phng XY) c la chn

ngm nh. Nu mun gia cng cc cung trn trn mt phng ZX,ZY ,
cn chn mt phng bng lnh G18,G19.
Thng thng, cc cung trn c thc hin trn mt phng XY (G17).
khi gia cng trn mt ZX v YZ la chn mt phng bng lnh
G18,G19.
2. Du (+) v (-), vi lnh R xc nh theo quy tc sau y.
-Vi cung trn 1800 c th dng c du (+), (-).
-Nu cung trn nm trong cung 1800, R>0.
-Nu cung trn ln hn cung 1800, R<0.
R>0
Cung trn 1800 hoc nh hn.
R<0
Cung trn 1800 hoc ln hn.
3. Khi ch nh bn knh R, gi tr R phi tun theo nhng iu kin
sau:
L
R
2
R - Bn knh cung trn
(mm)
L Chiu di dy cung.
4. Khi ct mt cung trn kn,
khng s dng lnh R. S
dng I, J, v K nh
ngha bn knh.
5. Khi lnh I, J, K c s
dng cng vi lnh R
trong cng cu lnh, lnh
R s c u tin . I,J,K
khng c s dng.
6. ct cung trn mt cch chnh xc, s dng lnh I, J, K thay v
R. Nu nh lnh R c s dng th c nhiu trng hp tm ca
ng trn khng c xc nh chnh xc do sai s ca php ni suy
cung trn.
G02, G03 c xc nh bng cch quan st theo chiu ngc vi
chiu dng ca ca trc. Trc quan st l trc khng nm trn mt
phng ang lm vic.
.
V d, trn mt phng XY (G17), lnh G02 c xc nh bng cch
quan st cung trn ngc chiu vi chiu dng ca trc Z.
43
Lp trnh s dng G02 v G03(1)

nh ngha mt ng trn kn.
Gi tr la chn trong (O, O ), trong hnh minh ho di y ch th
gi tr to (X, Y)
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 X70.0 Y50.0;............. di chuyn ti v tr 1 vi tc tin

dao nhanh.
G01 X0 F500;...........................di chuyn ti v tr 2 vi tc tin dao
500mm/pht.
G03 J_50.0;.... Ct ng trn ngc chiu kim ng
h vi tc tin dao 500mm/pht.
ch
Khi ct cung trn kn, to X,Y

s khng a ra v im u v
im cui trng nhau.
G01 X-60.0........
Khong cch t im u ti tm
ng trn l 50mm, theo hng
ngc chiu ca trc Y.
Di chuyn dng c ct ti v tr 3 vi tc
tin dao 500mm/ph.
44
Lp trnh s dng G02 & G03(2)
Lp trnh gia cng t (1)-(2)-(3)-(4)-(5)-(6)-(7)-(8)-(9)-(1).

O0001;
N1;
G90 G01 X28.0 Y0 F500 ;...................Di chuyn ti v tr 1 vi lng chy
dao 500mm/min.
Cc lnh chuyn ng trong cc khi
lnh tip theo
c thc hin vi cng tc tin
dao 500mm/pht.
Y20.0;..................................................Di chuyn ti im 2
G03 X18.0 Y30.0 I-10.0;......................Ct ng trn (ngc chiu kim
ng h ) n im 3 (bn knh
10mm).
Lnh I trong khi lnh ny khng c
ngha c bit. C th s dng
R10.0 thay cho I-10.0.
G01 X-8.0;...........................................Di chuyn dng c ti im 4.
G02 X-28.0 Y10.0 R20.0;....................Ct cung trn (cng chiu kim
ng h) ti im 5. (bn
knh 20.0mm)
G01 X-10.0;.........................................Di chuyn dng c ti im 6.
G02 X-8.0 Y-20.0;............................... Ct cung trn (cng chiu kim
ng h) ti im 7. (bn knh
20.0mm)
G01 X8.0;.............................................Di chuyn dng c ti im 8
45
G91 G03 X10.0 Y10.0 R10.0;..............Ni suy cung trn (ngc chiu kim
ng h) ti im 9. (bn knh
20.0mm).
Khi cc lnh c t theo dng h
to gia s, (X10.0,Y10,0) ch ra
khong cch t im u ti im
cui cung trn.
Vic a cc lnh trong h to
gia s ch nhm mc ch tham
kho, n khng c ngha g c
bit.
G90 G90 Y0 ;.................... ..........Di chuyn dng c ti im 1( lnh
trong h tuyt i )
46
9.
G04 Thc hin dng tm thi

Lnh G04 s dng dng tm thi mt chng
trnh trong qu trnh gia cng mt cch t ng
trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
M lnh ny c gi l m lnh dng.
S dng m lnh dng chuyn ng ca cc trc,
ti mt y l gia cng.
Trc chnh vn quay.
Bng vic duy tr tc quay ti y l gia cng,
chnh xc ca y l c nng cao v phn
ct lm cng c kim sot.
ch
Khi dng chng trnh bng lnh G04

ti y l, v d nh la chn thi gian
dng cho php trc quay quay ti y l.
Nu nh thi gian dng qu lu, c th
lm gim tui bn ca dng c i khi
cn lm nh hng ti chnh xc b
mt.
Lnh G04 dng ch cho nguyn cng
phay l hoc khot l.
G04P_;
G04X_;
G04 ...... Gi l m lnh dng
P........ Thi gian dng.
n v ca thi gian dng 0.001 giy.
giy
Khng dng du chm thp phn.
V d: P1000 1 giy
X .......Thi gian dng.
Ch ra thi gian dng s dng du
chm thp phn
X1.0..............1 giy
X1................0.001giy
47
ch
1) Khi a ch P c s dng xc nh thi gian dng, khng dng du

chm thp phn.
Dng trong 1.5 giy G04 P1500.
Dng trong 2.3 giy G04 P2300.
2) Phm vi thi gian dng cho php trong khong : 0.001 n 99999.999
giy
3) Lnh G04 ch c gi tr trong mt khi lnh c th.
4) Tnh ton thi gian cho mi vng quay trc chnh theo cng thc sau:
60(sec)
t (sec) =
SpindleSpe ed (min 1 )
Lp trnh s dng G04

Gia cng l su 10mm v dng ti y l, s dng dao phay ngn.
Chy dao nhanh

Chy dao ct
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S800 T2 ;.......... t tc quay trc chnh 800v/pht.
M03;......... Quay trc chnh theo theo chiu kim
ng vi tc 800v/pht.
G01 Z2.0 F2000; ......................Di chuyn ti im (1), tc tin dao
2000mm/min.
Z-10.0 F50;...............................Di chuyn ti im 2 , y l, tc tin
dao 50mm/min.
G04 P100;...............Dng chuyn ng tin dao 0.1s ti y l.
Thi gian mt vng quay trc chnh:
60(sec)
t1v =
= 0.075s
800(min 1 )
dng chng trnh trong mt khong
thi gian tng ng hoc hn mt vng
quay trc chnh, t thi gian dng l 0.1s.
G01 Z2.0;....................Rt dng c t im 2 v im 1 ti tc
tin dao 50mm/min.
48
5.
G17 G18 G19 La chn mt phng gia cng

thc hin ni suy cung trn, b bn
knh dng c, quay h to , sao chp
theo gc quay, sao chp song song, v
khoan, cn thit phi chn mt phng
lm vic.
Thng thng s dng mt phng XY,
bng cch gi lnh G17. Tuy nhin, c
nhiu trng hp phi c thc hin
trn mt phng ZX hoc YZ. la chn
mt phng XZ hoc YZ s dng G18,
G19.
G17 ;..Mt phng XY( c mc nh khi khi ng my).

G18 ;..Mt phng ZX.
G19 ;..Mt phng YZ.
ch
1. G17 c t ng la chn khi bt my.

2. Cc lnh di chuyn theo cc trc khng b nh hng bi mt
phng c chn.
G17 G02 X_Y_R_F_;
G01 Z_ ............................................. Trc Z di chuyn c lp vi mt
phng chn.
3. Khi a ra lnh ni suy cung trn hoc b dng c (G40-G42), n cnh
bo s hin th trn mn hnh nu mt phng la chn khng ph hp vi
lnh s dng.
G17 G02 X_Y_R_F Tn hiu cnh bo s xut hin
Chng trnh phi l:
G17 G02X_Z_R_F_;
49
Chng trnh s dng G17, G18 hoc G19 (1)

Lp trnh cung trn t (1)-(2)-(3) ch ra theo minh ho di y:
Gi tr (O, O, O) trong phn minh ho di y ch ra gi tr to (X,Y,Z).
O0001;
N1;
(G17) G01 X10.0 Y5.0 Z0 F100 ..nh v ti im 1 trn mt phng
+Y
XY.
G02 X5.0 Y0 R5.0; .Di chuyn dng c theo
10
1
5
chiu kim ng h n
im 2 trn mt phng XY.
5 10
Ct cung trn (bn knh 5.0 mm).
10 5
G18 G03 X10.0 Z-5.0 R5.0;..Di chuyn dng c ngc +X
2
chiu kim ng h n
-5
3
-10
im 3 trn mt phng XZ.
Ct cung trn (bn knh
-Z
5.0 mm).
5 10
G19 G02 Y5.0 Z 0 R5.0 ; ................Di chuyn dng c theo
1
-5 3
chiu kim
ng h n im 1 trn mt -10
phng ZY.
Z
Ct cung trn (bn knh 5.0 mm).
50
+X
+Y
Chng trnh s dng G17, G18 hoc G19 (2)

Lp chng trnh gia cng 3 cung trn (1)-(2)-(3), (1)-(4)-(2), (3)-(4)-(5)
(bn knh 10mm) trong gia cng bn cu nh hnh v.
Gi tr c vit trong (O,O,O) trong hnh minh ho di y ch to
(X,Y,Z).
(Gia cng cung trn (1)-(3)-(2))

..........................
(G17) G01 X10.0 Y10.0 Z0 F100;
Di chuyn dng c
3 10
ti im 1 trn
mt phng XY.
1
2
G02 X10.0 Y0 R10.0; Di chuyn dng c
10
theo cung trn cng -10
chiu kim ng h n
im 2 trn mt phng XY
(bn knh 10.0 mm)
(gia cng cung trn (1)-(4)-(2))
G01 X10.0 Y0 Z0 F100...................... Di chuyn dng c
-10
10
ti im 1.
-X
1
2
G18 G03 X10.0 Z-5 R5.0;..Di chuyn dng c
theo cung trn cng
chiu kim ng h n
4
-Z
im 2 trn mt phng ZX
(bn knh 10.0 mm)
Xc nh hng quay ca
cung trn (cng chiu hoc
ngc chiu kim ng h)
bng cch quan st theo
hng ngc vi chiu
dng ca trc Y, trc khng
nm trn mt phng ZX.
51
( gia cng cung trn (3)-(4)-(5))

G01 X10.0 Y5.0 Z0 F100.................. V tr im 3 trn mt phng
ZY
G19 G02 Y5.0 Z0 R5.00;...Ni suy cung trn theo chiu
kim ng h ti im 3 trn
mt phng ZY.
(bn knh 10.0 mm)
Xc nh hng quay ca
cung trn (cng chiu hoc
ngc chiu kim ng h)
bng cch quan st theo
hng ngc vi chiu dng
ca trc Y, trc khng nm
trn mt phng YZ.
52
10.
Tr v im gc chnh ca my, hoc gc th hai, th 3, th

4 ca my.
S dng lnh G30,G28 tr v cc gc my
trnh qu trnh tr v dng c c th va vo phi,
g.., dng c s di chuyn thng t im hin ti v
v tr gc my ch nh. Lnh ny c s dng khi
cn thay dao, i phi, lm sch phi hoc i bn
my APC (APC h thng i bn my t ng)
ch
1.im O th ba hoc th t khng phi

lun tn ti trn cc tt c my. N c trn
cc loi my MV,SV v SVD, hoc cc
my c trang b APC.
2.Vi cc loi my MV,SV,SVD c gn
APC, im O th ba, bn c trang b cho
vic i bn my t ng, ngoi ra khng
s dng cho mc ch khc.
1. im 0 my
G28 X_Y_Z_;
2. im 0 th hai
G30X_Y_Z_;
3. im 0 th ba v th t
G30 P3(P4)X_Y_Z_;
G28..Gi ch v gc my.
G30..Gi ch v gc th hai.
G30 P3Gi ch v gc th ba.
G30 P4 Gi ch v gc th 4.
X,Y,Z.............................Ch ra trc cn chy v gc.
ch
Gi tr theo sau cc a ch X,Y,Z l

to ca im trung gian m dung
c s i qua trc khi v gc my.
Cc v tr ca im O th 2,3,4 c thit lp bng cch t khong
cch t im gc my trong cc tham s iu khin 1241, 1242, 1243
tng ng.
Khi s dng my c trang b tnh nng i Pallet t ng, khng c thay
i cc tham s ny. Nu vic ci t b thay i sai, my s di chuyn
khng nh mong mun, lc c th gy nhiu s c nguy him.
53
1. Khi tr v gc my ( hay gc th 2,3,4) s dng G28,G30, nn

a trc Z tr v gc my ( hay gc th 2,3,4) trc. Sau , a
trc X v Y tr v. Nu a trc X v Y tr v trc, c th xy ra va
p dng c vi phi, g hay vt cn no trong vng gia
cng, gy ra s c nghim trng.
2. Khi a trc Z tr v im gc my( hay gc th 2,3,4), c th s dng
khi lnh bt k trong cc khi lnh sau G91 G30 Z0; , G91 G28 Z0; ,
G91 G30 P3(P4) Z0;.
Nu t G28 v G30 trong m lnh tuyt i (G90 G30 Z0; , G90 G28
Z0; , G90 G30 P3(P4) Z0); , trc khi v im gc my( hay gc my th
2,3,4) trc Z s i qua im gc phi. Chuyn ng ny c th gy ra s
c va p vi phi, g hay bt c vt vn no trong vng gia cng, gy
ra s c nguy him.
ch
i dng c ch c th thc hin c khi c 3 trc X,Y,Z ng thi

im gc ca my.
G91 G30 Z0 M05;..............Tr v im 0 th 2.
M06;...................................i dng c.
Chng trnh s dng G30

O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X90.0 Y105.0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S440 T2;
.
...............................................Chng trnh gia cng
..
G91 G30 Z0 M05; ..............V im O th 2, dng quay trc chnh.
M01;
M06................................................i dng c, ly dng c T2.
..
54
12.
G40 G41 G42. B bn knh dng c.

B bn knh dng c c ngha l x dch ng chy dao sang bn tri
hoc phi t ng chy dao lp trnh.
Thng thng, vic b bn knh dng c s dng khi gia cng pocket hay
phay contour, c s dng dao phay ngn gia cng theo hnh dng trn
bn v.
Qu trnh s dng m lnh b dao gia cng phi c hnh dng nh hnh
bn, c gii thch ngn gn nh sau:
ng dao chy qua cc im (1)-(2)-(3)-(4).
Khi tm dng c di chuyn dc theo bin dng nh

ngha, dng c s di chuyn theo ng c ch r
nh hnh v bn. Nu chng trnh khng s dng b
dao, phi sau khi ct s nh hn kch thc yu cu ,c
hnh dng nh hnh bn.
dch ng chy dao t ng chy dao lp trnh,

hy nhp gi tr bn knh dao vo d liu b bn knh
trn mn hnh TOOL OFFSET.
Nu s dng m lnh b bn knh, ng chy dao
thc t s c dch ra xa ng chy dao lp trnh bi
mt lng b, nh c minh ho hnh bn.
Vic s dng m lnh b bn knh, cho php ngi lp
trnh khng cn phi thc hin nhng tnh ton phc tp
m c c hnh dng chi tit gia cng theo yu cu.
55
1. B bn knh dng c trn mt phng XY.

G17 G01 ( G00) G41 (G42) X_Y_D_F_;
G40 G01(G00) X_Y_I _J_ F;
2. B bn knh dng c trn mt phng ZX.
G18 G01(G00) G41 (G42) X_Z_D_F_;
G40 G01(G00) X_ Z_I _ K_F_;
3. B bn knh dng c trn mt phng YZ.
G19 G01 ( G00 ) G41 (G42) Z_Y_D_F_;
G40 G01(G00) Y_Z_J _K_ F;
G17 G18 G19
La chn mt phng tin hnh b bn

knh.
G01 ( G00)...............La chn dng ni suy b.

G00: chy dao nhanh.
G01: chy dao ct gt
G41..........................Gi m lnh b bn
knh (b bn tri)
ng dng c thc t s
c dch sang tri so vi
ng lp trnh mt lng
b xc nh.
G42 .........................Gi m lnh b bn knh
(b bn phi)
ng dng c thc t s
c dch sang phi so
vi ng lp trnh mt
lng b xc nh.
G40..........................Hu m lnh b bn knh.
X, Y ,Z......................To im cui.
I ,J , K ......................Hng ca phi c nh ngha trong cc khi
lnh tip sau, I J K l gi tr trong h ta gia s
D .............................M s a ch b bn knh.
F .............................Tc tin dao.
56
4.
G43 G44 G49 B chiu di dng c.

Lnh G43 ,G44 c s dng xc nh mi
dng c theo trc Z. Do chiu di ca cc dng
c khc nhau nn khi gia cng cn nh ngha
li ta mi tng dng c cho thng nht,
bng cch s dng m lnh b dng c ny
Mori Seiki ch s dng G43.
Khi nim chiu di dng c c gii thch nh sau (xem hnh minh ho).
Trong mt chng trnh, lnh v tr dng c theo trc Z xc nh vi u
dng c.
V tr ca u dng c theo trc Z ti im O ca my thay i tu thuc
theo chiu di mi dng c. Do vy khi cha t lnh b dng c theo
chiu Z, dng c T1 ,T2 ,T3 v tr gc my theo chiu Z th ta mi ca
chng s khc nhau. Nh th nu c lnh di chuyn n Z 30.0. Th mi
ca tng dng c cng s n cc v tr khc.
Trong qu trnh xt t v tr, khong cch h1, h2 v h3 tnh t mi cc
dng c n v tr Z0 (ta gc ca phi theo chiu Z) c nhp vo
bng TOOL OFFSET( chnh l chiu di b dao cn thit). Th khi s
dng G43 trong chng trnh, lng b dao s c tnh ton, nu cc
dng c c lp trnh cng mt chiu cao (v d Z30.0 ), u cc dng
c cng di chuyn n v tr c cng chiu cao l Z30.0 so vi gc phi.
Trn mn hnh TOOL OFFSET, v d chiu di dng c c nhp:
1...........................-300.0 (Lng b ca dng c s 1 )
2...........................-270.0 (Lng b ca dng c s 2 )
3...........................-200.0 (Lng b ca dng c s 3 )
57
<Dng c 1>
nh v ti cao Z30.0
G90 G00 G43 Z30.0 H1
-300.0 (Lng b ca dng c s 1)
+30.0 (v tr u dng c 1 so vi gc phi)
=-270.0
Dng c T1 chuyn ng n v tr 270mm, theo
chiu ca trc Z, t im gc my.
<Dung c 2>
nh v ti cao Z30.0
G90 G00 G43 Z30.0 H2
=-240.0
Dng c T2 chuyn ng n v tr 240mm, theo
chiu ca trc Z, t im gc my.
58
<Dng c 3>
nh v ti cao Z30.0
G90 G00 G43 Z30.0 H3
=--170
Dng c T3 chuyn ng n v tr 170mm, theo chiu
ca trc Z, t im gc my.
Bng vic s dng lnh G43 H_ b v tr dng c theo chiu di, tt c

cc mi dng c c nh v ti cng mt chiu cao so vi mt Z0 ca
phi)
G43 Z_H_;
G49;
G43 ................Lnh b chiu di dng c.
G49 ................lnh hu ch b chiu di dng c.
Z
................Chiu cao t theo trc Z
H
................Xc nh a ch b chiu cao.
ch
1. M lnh b chiu di cng c th c hu bng H0, thay v G49.

2. Nu s dng cc lnh G28,G30,G30.1, ch b dng c s b hu.
3. Thng thng, khng cn thit s dng G49, bi v dng c lun tr v
im O my, hay im khng th 2 (G28,G30), trc khi thc hin chu
trnh i dng c. Chu trnh ny s hu ch b dng c .
59
Lp trnh s dng G43 v G49
O0001;
N1; ( T1 c t trong trc chnh)
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0 ; ......Chy dao nhanh ti im (1) trong
h to phi c nh ngha
bi G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S800 T2; ...........Chy dao nhanh ti v tr Z30 (tnh t gc
phi)
Thc hin b theo chiu Z cho dng c s1
nh ngha tc quay cho trc chnh
(S800). a dng c T2 v v tr ch thay
dao.
M03;
.
.
Chng trnh gia cng
.
M01;
M06;
N2; ( T2 c t trong trc chnh)
G90 G00 G54 X40.0 Y0;... Chy dao nhanh ti im (2) trong h to
phi c nh gi bi G54.
G43 Z30.0 H2 S1000 T3; .........Chy dao nhanh ti v tr Z30 so vi gc
phi.
Tin hnh b chiu Z cho dng c 2.
nh ngha tc quay ca trc chnh.
a dng c T2 v v tr ch thay dao.
M03;
60
.
.
Chng trnh gia cng
.
M30;
Mu chng trnh c bn
O0001
N2;
G90 G00 G54 X- Y- ;
G43 Z- H- S- T-;
M03;
.
.
Chng trnh gia cng
M01;
M06;
N2;
G90 G00 G54 X- Y- ;
G43 Z- H- S- T-;
M03;
.
.
Chng trnh gia cng
................
M30;
61
25.
G53 La chn h to my.

To ca my l to tnh so vi im gc ca my.
i vi cc my c trang b Sensor hoc s dng cc g chuyn
dng, c th di chuyn dng c ti mt v tr ca g vi tc chy dao
nhanh, trong h to my G53. Cng c th dng G53 di chuyn bn
my ti trung tm my trc khi kt thc gia cng.
Gi tr ca h to my c th xc nhn bng cch quan st trn
v tr hin th trn mn hnh.
G90 G53 X_Y_Z_ ;

G90...............................Gi h to to tuyt i.
G53...............................La chn h to my.
X,Y,Z.............................Gi tr to trong h to my.
ch
1.
2.
3.
G53 thuc nhm lnh 00, l lnh ch c hiu lc dng mt

ln, ch c gi tr trong mt cu lnh.
G53 c gi tr trong h tuyt i (G90), khng c hiu lc
trong h gia s (G91).
Trc khi s dng G53, phi hu tt c cc m lnh b dao.
kt thc chng trnh, di chuyn bn my ra v tr gia ca hnh trnh

trc X ,Y (hnh trnh trc X : 1530mm, hnh trnh trc Y : 660mm).
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0 ;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S800 T2;
M03;
.
.
Chng trnh gia cng
.
G91 G28 Z0 M05......................Dng trc chnh, tr v gc my.
M01;
M06;..........................................i ly dng c T2
G90 G53 X-765.0 Y-330.0........Di chuyn bn my nhanh ra im
gia hnh trnh ca trc X,Y.
M30;
62
3.
G54 G59 La chn h to phi

Qu trnh t gc h to gia cng c
ngha l lm cho h NC hiu c im O
phi.
C th t ti 6 h to phi gi mt
trong cc h to v s dng bng m
lnh G.
ch
Thng thng, gi tr ca Z trong h to

phi c t l 0.
(G90) , G54(G55, G56 ,G57, G58 ,G59 )X_Y_;

G90 ...... Gi h to tuyt i
G54 n G59 . La chn mt h to lm vic
X, Y .. To dng c trong h to lm
vic c la chn
ch
1. H to G54 c chn mc nh khi bt u khi ng my.

2. Nu s to nh ngha bi G54 - G59 khng s dung, c th
dng G10 (i to phi), G52( h to a phng), nh ngha
thm h to phi
3. Mt h to phi cng c th to ra bng cch Offset t h to
my.
4. Do c th s dng ti 6 h to phi t G54 - G59, nu vi trng
hp gia cng mt lc nhiu phi, thao tc s rt thun tin v nng
sut.
63
Lp trnh s dng G54 n G59(1)

Lp trnh cho phi nh hnh v, s dng G54.
im gc phi
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0; ..........Chy dao nhanh ti im O ca phi theo
trc X v Y trong h to G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S800 T2;............Chy dao nhanh ti cao Z30.0
Gi dao T2 ra v tr ch i dng c.
M03;..........Quay trc chnh vi tc 800 v/p
G01 Z3.0 F2000;
Z-5.0 F48 ;
.
.......................
Chng trnh gia cng
.......................
64
Lp trnh s dng G54 n G59(2)

Lp trnh cho phi nh hnh v, s dng G54 v G55.
t h to lm vic bng G54,G55, cc v tr gia cng trn cc phi c
v tr ging nhau. im O phi t nh hnh v.
Bn my
G54
G55
b)
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X30.0 Y20.0;..Chy dao nhanh ti im (1)
Trong h to G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S800 T2 ;
M03;
X-30.0.......Chy dao nhanh ti im (2)
Y-20.0.......Chy dao nhanh ti im (3)
X30.0;.......Chy dao nhanh ti im (4)
G55 X30.0 Y20.0;...Chy dao nhanh ti im (5)
Trong h to c gi bi G55.
X-30.0;..Chy dao nhanh ti im (6)
Y-20.0;..Chy dao nhanh ti im (7)
X30.0;...Chy dao nhanh ti im (8)
Nh trn trnh by, Trong chng trnh trn, im O phi c xc
nh ring theo tng phi nh th vic lp trnh c n gin ho
i nhiu.
65
Chng C
M lnh M
66
1.
Bng m M
M M cng c gi l m lnh ph, iu khin dng chng trnh, ng
thi n cng c gi l m lnh h tr cho m lnh G.
Khng s dng M31 v M32 tr khi vic s dng nhng khi
lnh ny cn thit cho vic x l hoc khi ng li cc hot
ng b gin on v s c.
Trc khi s dng M31 v M32, hy lin h vi nh sn xut.
ch
1. Cho php s dng mt m M trong mt cu lnh. Tu tng

trng hp, mt khi lnh c th cha ti 3 m M.
2. Chng ny s gii thch mt cch khi qut cc m M .
mt s dng my, tt c cc chc nng ny c th khng c
h tr y hoc c th c s dng cho nhng chc nng
khc nhau hoc l khng c miu t nh di y. Chi tit
hn, tham kho s c cung cp theo my hoc lin h vi
Mori Seiki.
M
lnh
M00
M01
M lnh
Miu t
Dng chng trnh

Dng la chn
M02
Kt thc chng trnh
M03
Quay trc chnh bn phi
M04
Quay trc chnh bn tri
M05
M06
M07
Dng trc chnh

Thay dng c
kch hot qu trnh bm du trn
ngui.
Phun du ti ngui
Tt dung dch trn ngui
Tt bm du
Kp trc th 4
Nh kp trc th 4
nh hng trc chnh
T ng tt ngun in ca my
Dng chng trnh tm thi

Dng chng trnh tm thi
khi bt chc nng OSP, chng trnh
s tm dng khi gp lnh M01. N
s khng c tc dng khi chc nng
ny chuyn sang OFF.
Kt thc chong trnh v t li NC
Con tr khng quay li u chng
trnh.
Khi ng trc chnh quay theo
chiu kim ng h.
Khi ng trc chnh quay ngc
chiu kim ng h.
Dng trc chnh
Khi ng chu trnh thay dao
kch hot qu trnh bm du
M08
M09
M10
M11
M19
M20
67
Phun du ti ngui
Tt tt c cc ch bm du, v
phun du ti ngui
Kp trc th 4
Nh kp trc th 4
nh hng trc chnh
T ng tt ngun in ca my
M21
M22
M23
M24
M25
M26
M27
M28
M29
M30
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
Dng taro cng
Kt thc chng trnh
M31
Kch hot m lnh kho trc
M32
M33
Hu lnh kho trc

Ct dng c
M40
M46
M47
M48
Bnh rng iu khin trc chnh

v tr trung gian
v tr 1
v tr 2
v tr 3
Tn hiu la chn cm bin ON
Tn hiu la chn cm bin OFF
Hu m lnh Override
M49
Kch hot m lnh Override
M50
Phun du trn ngui qua l mi

khoan
Thi kh ON
Thi kh lm sch
Thi kh lm sch cm binON
Phun du dng sng m ON
Cc m lnh phun kh lm sch bi
v cm bin OFF
Thi kh OFF
M41
M42
M43
M51
M52
M53
M55
M58
M59
M60
M61
M62
M63
M64
Kt thc chng trnh, t li NC,

quay tr li u chng trnh
.................................
hy b M31
Tr dng c t trc chnh v
magazine
( ch c MV - 653 / 50, 1003 / 50.1)
(ch c MV - 653 / 50, 1003 / 50.1)
(ch c MV - 653 / 50, 1003 / 50.1)
(ch c MV - 653 / 50, 1003 / 50.1)
Chn cm bin lp ln trc chnh
Chn cm bin lp ln bn my
lm mt hiu lc chc nng iu
khin Override trn bng iu khin
Kch hot chc nng iu khin
Override trn bng iu khin
khi ng du khoan
Khi ng thi kh
Thi kh lm sch
Thi kh lm sch cm binON
Bt phun du dng sng m
Tt tt c cc m lnh phun kh lm
sch bi v cm bin
Dng thi khng kh
Thng s k thut APC
68
M65
M66
M67
M68
M69
M70
M73
M74
M75
M76
M77
M80
M81
M82
M83
M84
M85
M86
M88
M89
M96
M97
M98
M99
Kim tra v tr trc Z

B qua dng cu ON
Kim tra tui bn dng c
Kp trc th 5
M kp trc th 5
m phi
i xng qua trc Y OFF
i xng qua trc Y ON
i xng qua trc X OFF
i xng qua trc X ON
M lnh ngoi vi
Vi phun ra phoi ON
Vi phun ra phoi OFF
Ca t ng ON
Ca t ng OFF
Bt mn hnh
Tt mn hnh
iu khin thch nghi ON
Lm ngui trc chnh ON
Lm ngui trc chnh OFF
Ch ngt marco
Hu dng ngt marco
Gi chng trnh con
Kt thc chng trnh con
M120
M121
M122
M123
M124
M125
M126
M127
M128
M129
M144
M145
M164
M165
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
M lnh ngoi vi
Cm bin quang hc ON
Cm bin quang hc OFF
Thi kh trc chnh ON
Thi kh qua l du
Bt tn hiu b dng c
Tt m lnh ly i xng qua trc Y

Bt m lnh ly i xng qua trc Y
Tt m lnh ly i xng qua trc X
Bt m lnh ly i xng qua trc Y
Lm sch phoi
Thng s ca
Ngt marco ON
Ngt marco OFF
Quay v chng trnh chnh t
chng trnh con hin ti
S dng ly tm t ng
69
2.
M00, M01 Dng chng trnh v dng la chn

Khi s dng M00 trong qu trnh hot ng,
my s dng v iu kin.
Trc chnh quay, chuyn ng ca cc trc,
dung dch lm ngui cng c dng.
Chng trnh s dng ti bt k v tr no c
lnh M00.
Khc vi M00, M01 ch c hiu lc khi phm
dng trn bng iu khin chuyn sang
OFF. Nu phm dng ch ON, M01 s c
tc dng nh M00. Do vy, khi M01 c hiu
lc, dung dch lm mt, chuyn ng quay v
dch chuyn trc chnh s b dng.
Khi cn thit, t M01 trong chng trnh ti v
tr cn dng. V d, s dng M01 khi gia cng
phi th nht hoc ct kim tra.
< S dng M01 v M00>
- kim tra kch thc phi gia cng.
-kim tra mi dao.
-lm sch phoi trong qu trnh gia cng.
M00;.......Gi m lnh dng.
M01;.......Gi m lnh dng la chn.
ch
Khi chng
ng trnh
trnh ang c dng bi M00 hoc M01, khng c i
dng c khng c di chuyn cc trc bng tay. Nu thc hin
mt hoc hai vic trn, hy a cc trc v trng thi trc khi thay
i. Sau , cc hot ng c th tip tc. Nu nh khng th a v
trng thi trc , rt c th s xy ra va p gia dng c v phi,
g..... hoc gia cng sai.
1.
M00,M01 phi c t trong mt khi lnh c lp, khng cha
cc lnh khc.
2.
n ch th STATUS [M00/M01] s sng ln khi M01
hoc M00 c s dng.
Chng trnh c thc hin tip tc khi phm (ST) trn bng
iu khin c n.
3.
Khi M01,M00 c thc hin, lnh M03,M04 (khi ng quay
trc chnh) v lnh M08 (x dung dch lm mt) b ngt. Do ,
khi s dng M01,M00, ht sc lu v tr t 2 lnh ny.
Khi khi ng li chng trnh b dng bi M00, M01, phi khi
ng li M03, M04 hoc M08 (nu cn).
70
- Cch thc lm vic ca M01, lin quan n trng thi ca

phm dng la chn trn bng iu khin, c gii thch di
y:
- Chc nng dng la chn c bt.
Lnh M01 s c thc hin chng trnh b dng sau khi lnh
cha M01.
- Chc nng dng la chn b tt.
Lnh M01 s b b qua v chng trnh c thc hin lin tc.
:
Lp trnh s dng M00 v M01

O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X0 Y0..............Chy dao nhanh ti v tr (X0 Y0)
trong h to G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S400 T2.............Chy dao nhanh ti v tr Z30.0.
Gi dao T2 vo v tr ch thay dao.
M03...........................................Quay trc chnh theo chiu kim ng h
400-1 min.
..................................................Chng trnh gia cng.
M01; hoc M00;
<M01> Dng la chn
- Nu phm [OSP] trn bng
iu khin trng thi ON, M01 c
hiu lc, chng trnh s dng khi
gp M01.
- Nu phm [OSP] trn bng
iu khin trng thi OFF. M01
khng thc hin v chng trnh
chy lin tc.
<M00> Dng chng trnh
- Chng trnh c dng v my s
ngng tm thi. Sau khi lm sh
phoi, o kch thc..., n phm [ST]
v chng trnh khi ng li t khi
lnh tip theo.
M06................................i dng c.
N2;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0
G43 Z30.0 H2 S400 T3
M03
.......................................Chng trnh gia cng.
M01; hoc M00;
M06;
71
3.
M02, M30 Kt thc chng trnh, kt thc chng trnh v

lp li chng trnh.
Khi M02 hoc M30 c thc hin.
1) Tt c cc hot dng ca my
dng.
- Chuyn ng quay trc chnh
dng
- Di chuyn dc trc dng.
- Dng bm dung dch ti
ngui.
2) NC c Reset li
-Trong trng thi Reset li, cc
m G quay trng thi nh khi
my c ng in.Tuy nhin,
cc lnh G54 n G59, G20,
G21 vn duy tr.
-Lng chy dao(F) b hu,
nhng tc quay vn c
duy tr.
3) Trong trng hp s dng M30, con tr
c quay li u chng trnh.
y l chc nng REWIND.
Lnh M30 bao gm m lnh
rewind chng trnh. M lnh ny rt
thun tin khi gia cng cc phi ging
nhau lin tc. M30 lun c t ti
cui cc chng trnh.
Khi s dng M30, cc chng
trnh ging nhau c thc hin
mt cch lp i lp li bng vic
n phm [ST].
ch
i vi cc my c trang b chc
nng door interlock, tn hiu cnh
bo (EX1024) s hin trn mn
hnh khi ca c m, v mt khi
ca c ng
M02;..........................................Kt thc chng trnh v NC c Reset li
M30;..........................................Kt thc chng trnh v NC Reset li, con
tr a v u chng trnh.
72
ch
1) Khng c dng M30, M02 trong cng khi vi cc lnh

khc.
2) n ch th [ST] tt khi M30, M02 lm vic. ng thi n
[M02, M30] sng .
Chng trnh s dng M02, M30:

O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X0 Y0
.......
G43 Z30.0 H1 S400 T2

M03.....................................
..........................................
M01
M06............................
N2;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0
G43 Z30.0 H2 S400 T3
M03
.......................................
M01 hoc M00
M06;
M30; hoc M02; ..................
Chy dao nhanh ti v tr (X0 Y0)

trong h to G54.
Chy dao nhanh ti v tr Z30.0.
Gi dao T2 vo v tr thay dao.
quay trc chnh theo chiu kim
ng h 400 -1 min.
Chng trnh gia cng.
<M01> Dng la chn
- Nu phm [OSP] trn bng iu
khin trng thi OFF. M01 khng
c hiu lc v chng trnh thc hin
lin tc.
i dng c.
Chng trnh gia cng.
<M02> Kt thc chng trnh v t ng

dng.
<M30> Kt thc chng trnh v t
ng dng. Con tr v dng
u chng trnh (O0001)
73
4.
M03, M04, M05 Quay v dng trc chnh.

Lnh M03, M04 c s dng khi ng
trc chnh vi tc ch ra trong m lnh S.
Lnh M05 c s dng dng quay trc
chnh
M03 ..........quay trc chnh theo hng thun.
M04...........quay trc chnh theo hng nghch.
M05...........dng trc chnh.
1) Khng c s dng M05, dng quay trc chnh, khi dng c ang
tip xc vi phi. Nu dng c dng khi ang tip xc vi phi, c th
gy m dao hoc ph hng phi.
2) Khi ng trc chnh bng lnh M03, M04 trc khi dng c ct tip
xc vi phi (tr khi trong cc chu trnh taro cng ). Nu dng c bt
u quay trong trng thi tip xc vi phi, c th gy m dao hoc
ph hng phi.
ch
Trc khi quay trc chnh bng lnh M03, M04, phi ch ra tc
quay bng m S.
Vi m S, tham kho phn sau.
74
Lp trnh s dng M03, M04, M05

O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X0 Y0............. Chy dao nhanh ti v tr (X0 Y0)
trong h to c gi bi G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S400 T2
M03.......................................... quay trc chnh theo chiu kim ng
h 400 -1 min. S dng M04 quay
trc chnh theo hng ngc chiu kim
ng h.
...................................
Chng trnh gia cng.
G91 G28 Z0 M05
Dng trc chnh, tr v im gc my.
M06.......................................i dng c.
75
5.
M06 i dng c.
Mnh M06 dng i dng c trn trc
chnh vi dng c v tr thay trn
Magazine. Khi M06 c thc hin, m
khng c dng c no v tr tng ng
trn magzine, dng c trn trc chnh s
c ct vo magazine. Lnh M06 thc
hin 1 lot tc v trong chu trnh thay dao
t ng gm quay tay gt, kp nh dng
c trn trc chnh.
M06............i dng c.
Qu trnh thay dao t ng vi cc dng c khng cng kch thc th khc

qu trnh i dng c ca nhm dng c c cng kch thc.
ch
1.Nu lnh M06 thc hin khi trc chnh ang quay, trc chnh s t ng
dng v chu trnh i dao thc hin.
2.Trc khi tin hnh i dng c bng M06, nht thit phi tt dung dch
trn ngui.
3.M06 s khng thc hin tr khi trc Z ang n im gc my th 2
(G30).
76
O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X0 Y0............ Chy dao nhanh ti v tr (X0 Y0) trong h
to c gi bi G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S400 T2
M03.......................................... quay trc chnh theo chiu kim ng
h vi tc 400 -1 min.
................................
................................
Chng trnh gia cng.
................................
M06;..........................................i dng c, a dng c T2 vo trc chnh
N2;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0
G43 Z30.0 H2 S400 T3
M03
................................
................................Chng trnh gia cng.
................................
M01 hoc M00
M06;....................................i dng c a dng c T3 vo trc chnh
77
6.
Bt tt dung dch trn ngui M08,M09.
M08;...........Bt dung dch lm ngui.

M09;...........Tt dung dch lm ngui.
ch
1. Khng c i dng c khi dung dch trn ngui ang phun.

2. Nu s dng dung dch lm mt, phi chc chn thng dung dch phi
cn .
*iu khin dung dch lm ngui thng qua phm iu khin trn bng
iu khin th hin nh sau.
-Phm COOLANT ON
*Khi phm iu khin ny c ON, n ch th s sng, v dung dch
lm mt c cp.
Khi M08 c c trong chng trnh. ( ch MDI, MEMORY, hoc
TAPE), n ch ch sng v dung dch c phun t ng.
-Phm COOLANT OFF
*Khi phm iu khin ch OFF, dung dch ang phun, s ngng
khng phun na v n ch th tt.
Nu n phm iu khin ny hn 1s dung dch s ngng cp v n
ch th nhp nhy. Trong trng hp ny, dung dch trn ngui s
khng c cp, ngay c khi s dng M08.
Tnh nng ny s dng khi kim tra chng trnh.
*Khi phm iu khin chuyn sang ch ON tr li, n ch th dng
nhp nhy, qu trnh cp tr li bnh thng.
78
ch
Lp trnh s dng M08,M09.

O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X0 Y0............. Chy dao nhanh ti v tr (X0 Y0)
trong h to c gi bi G54.
G43 Z30.0 H1 S400 T2 M08 Bt dung dch trn ngui.
M03.......................................... quay trc chnh theo chiu kim ng h
.........................................
.........................................
Chng trnh gia cng.
.........................................
M09;
Tt dung dch trn ngui.
M06.......................................i dng c.
79
19.
M19 kha trc chnh

S dng M19 dng quay trc chnh ti
mt v tr c nh.
Khi lp u khot ln trc chnh, s dng
chu trnh khot G76 hoc G87, M19 c
s dng trong ch MDI. Khi gi chu
trnh G76 hoc G87 trc chnh s c
quay ti v tr ph hp vi v tr ca trc
dao khot v mnh khot theo hng dch
chuyn ca trc chnh.
M19;.............................................c nh gc quay ca trc chnh.

ch
Qu trnh i dao thng dng c thc hin t ng trong chu trnh i

dao (M06) hoc chu trnh gia cng l (G76,G87). Trong trng hp ny
khng cn thit dng M19 trong chng trnh.
80
10.
M20 Tt ngun t ng
Khi thc hin M20, ngun in cung cp cho
my s c ngt t ng.
M20;.........................t m lnh tt ngun t ng.

ch
(1).Phm tt ngun t ng trn bng iu khin c chc nng tng t nh

M20. m lnh tt ngun t ng c hiu lc, phm ny trn bng iu
khin phi c kch hot, chc nng ny s c thc hin sau M02
(2).t M20 trong khi lnh trc M30.
Sau M30, chng trnh c lp li, con tr v u dng, do lnh M20
khng th thc hin, nh c minh ho di y
V d
....
...
M30;
M20;
3).Ngun nng lng khng th b ngt trong khi cc hot ng ang thc
hin. My ch c th tt my sau khi hon thnh cc hot ng sau:
-Chu trnh APC
-Chu trnh ATC
-Chuyn v tr trn Magazine.
81
7.
M33. Chu trnh ct dng c

Lnh M33 s dng ct dng c t trc
chnh ti 1 v tr cn trng trn magazine.
T0;
M6;
Lnh M33 c tc dng nh hai khi lnh
trn. M33 s dng ct dng c trc
khi tt my.
M33;...................................Lnh ct dng c.
ch
Lnh M33 ch thc hin c khi trc Z v im O th 2(G30).

Lp trnh s dng M33
O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X_ Y_;
...............................
............................................ Chng trnh gia cng.
...............................
G91 G28 Z0 M05;................Dng trc chnh sau khi hon thnh vic tr v
im gc my trn trc Z
M01;.................................Dng tm thi.
M33;.....................................Gi chu trnh ct dng c.
Dng c trn trc chnh c a tr li hc
cn trng trn Magazine.
82
15.
M51,M59 Bt v tt qu trnh thi kh

M51 : Bt chc nng thi kh.
M59 : Tt chc nng thi kh.
Qu trnh thi kh s dng lm sch phoi trn rnh hoc b mt phi khi
gia cng.
M51;...................................Bt qu trnh thi kh.
M59;...................................Tt qu trnh thi kh.
Gia cng b mt di y, s dng dao c ng knh 100mm.
O0001;
N1;
G90G00 G54 X-160.0 Y-40.0...Chy dao nhanh ti v tr (1)
G43 Z30.0 H1 S400 T2;
M03;
G01 Z0 F500;
M51;...........................................Bt u thi kh.
X-160.0 F200.............................(2)
Y40.0 F500;...............................(3)
X-160.0 F200;............................(4)
M59;...........................................Tt thi kh.
.......................
83
8.
M98, M99 Gi chng trnh con v tr v t chng trnh

con
T chng trnh chnh, gi chng trnh con
bng M98. Trong chng trnh con kt thc
bng M99. Quan h gia chng trnh
chnh v chng trnh con c minh ho
nh hnh v sau.
Khi thc hin cc ng ct ging nhau
( cng to , cng hnh dng) lp i lp
li, ng ct c th lu vo b nh NC
nh 1 chng trnh con. Trong chng trnh
chnh, ch ra chng trnh con v s ln s
dng chng trnh con.
ch
Trong mt chng trnh con c th gi n mt chng trnh con khc, s

lp chng trnh con c th c gi trong mt thi im l 4. Nu s
chng trnh con ang c gi ln hn 4, h thng s bo li (P230).
Ln
gi 1
Chng
trnh
chnh
Ln
gi 2
Chng
trnh con
1
Ln
gi 3
Chng
trnh con
2
Ln
gi 4
Chng
trnh con
3
Chng
trnh con
4
Bng cch lu tr mt phn chng trnh di dng chng trnh con, c

th tit kim c b nh v gim li khi lp trnh.
M98 P_ H_ L_;
M98 ...gi chng trnh con.
P s chng trnh con c gi
H ...s th t trong chng trnh con.
L s ln gi chng trnh con.
ch
1) Nu s chng trnh sau a ch P khng c tm thy, li P232 s c

thng bo trn mn hnh.
2) Nu s th t sau a ch H khng c tm thy, li
P231 s c thng bo trn mn hnh.
3) Nu gi tr sau L l 0 (L0), khi lnh cha M98 s khng c thc
hin, chng trnh nhy sang khi lnh tip theo.
1) Nu thiu a ch P, chng trnh con s khng c gi, chng
trnh s nhy ti khi lnh c s th t sau a ch H, trong chng trnh
cha M98.
2) Nu thiu c a ch H, chng trnh con vn c gi v
c thc hin t dng lnh u tin.
84
3) Nu thiu a ch P, H v L, chng trnh con s khng c gi v

chng trnh chnh s nhy v im bt u ca chng trnh cha
M98.
4) Nu thiu a ch L, chng trnh con s c gi 1 ln.
5) S ln gi chng trnh con ti a l 9999 ln.
M99 P_ ;
M99 ............. Quay tr v chng trnh chnh t chng trnh con.
P .................. V tr tr v, trong chng trnh chnh, t chng trnh
con.
ch
1)Nu v tr P_ khng c trong chng trnh, tn hiu bo li (P231) s xut

hin trn mn hnh.
2)Nu a ch P tn ti, chng trnh vn phi mt mt khong thi gian
tm kim. Do , cn phi cn nhc khi a ra P_.
1). Nu thiu lnh P, chng trnh s quay tr li khi lnh k tip khi
lnh va nhy vo chng trnh con (sau khi lnhcha M98).
2). Nu t M99 trong chng trnh chnh:
Chng trnh s nhy ti s th t (theo sau a ch P) trong chng trnh
chnh.
Nu thiu P_, chng trnh s nhy v u chng trnh chnh. Chng
trnh chnh s b lp v hn.
85
Lp trnh s dng lnh M98 hoc M99 (1)

Chng trnh chnh :
O1;
N001_____;
1.N002 M98 P100
N003_____;
N004_____;
Chng trnh con :

O100;
N101_____;
N102_____;
N103 M99;
2.N005 M98 P200 L2;

N006_____;
...
...
...
N011;
0200;
N201_____;
N202_____;
N203 M99;
(Lp li 2 ln)
3.N012 M98 P300;

N013_____;
N014_____;
N015_____;
O300;
N301_____;
N302_____;
N303 M99;P015
86
Lp trnh s dng lnh M98 hoc M99 (2)

Khoan ti cc im 1, 2, 3, v 4 nh hnh v :
Chng trnh chnh (O1)

O1;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0;
G43 Z30 H1 S700 T2;
M03;
G99 G81 Z-25 R10 F120 L0; ............. Chu trnh khoan l (G81)
M98 P2; ............................................. Gi chng trnh con O2
Chu trnh khoan c thc hin t
im 1 ti im 4.
G91 G28 Z0 M05;
M01;
M06;
M30;
Chng trnh con O2
O2;
X10 Y8; ................................(1)
X-10; ....................................(2)
Y-8; ......................................(3)
X10; .....................................(4)
G80;
M99;
87
Lp trnh trnh s dng lnh M98 hoc M99 (3)

T chng trnh con trong mt chng trnh chnh gi mt chng trnh
con khc :
Chng trnh chnh
O1;
N1;
..............
M98P100;
...................
................
M30;
Chng trnh con 1

O100;
.......................
....................
M98P200;
........................
.....................
M99;
Chng trnh con 2

O200;
.......................
....................
M99;
Chng trnh s dng lnh M98 hoc M99 (4)

O1;
N1;
N2;
...
...
...
/N7 M99; .........................
N8;
M30; ...............................
Khi m lnh xo Block khng c hiu lc.

Lnh N7 M99 c thc hin v dng
chng trnh quay v dng u chng
trnh. Chng trnh s lp v hn gia N1
v N7.
Khi khi lnh xo Block c hiu lc :
Lnh N7 M99 c b qua v chng
trnh tip tc thc hin khi lnh tip theo.
Kt thc chng trnh .
ch
Khi t M99 trong chng trnh chnh, dng chng trnh s c a v

khi lnh u tin cng chng trnh. Vic ny c dng thc hin cc
chng trnh ging nhau, lp i lp li.
88
Chng D
M lnh T, S v F
89
_______________________________________________________________
1.
M lnh T
M lnh T gi dng c ti v tr i dao. Tn
dao, ti a gm 4 k t s sau a ch T, ch
nh dng c cn gi. Khi gi dao, Magazine
quay, mang dng c c gi n v tr i
dao v ch dng c trn trc chnh di chuyn
ti v tr i dao.
Hot ng ca ATC ( i dao t ng) gm:
La chn dng c + i dng c

(M lnh T)
(M06)
Dng c c gi theo phng php b nh ngu nhin........

Trong phng php b nh ngu nhin, dng c ban u c xp xp
theo tng nhm kch thc khi ng k ng knh ln, trung bnh v nh.
Trong chu trnh i dng c, Magazine quay a mt v tr cn trng trn
magzine, cng nhm kch thc vi dng c trn trc chnh, ti v tr gn
nht cnh v tr i dng c. Khi dng c c ng knh ln tr v t trc
chnh, v tr trng trn magazine (v tr c ng k cho nhm ng knh
ln v ang nm gn v tr thay dung c) c nh s.
Phng php ny s dng rt ngn thi gian i dng c.
1.Khi lp dng c, phi kim tra gii hn ca dng c v chc chn rng
dng c c sp xp hp l trnh gy ra va p trong khi thay dng
c. Nu bn quan st nhm gii hn ca dng c, cc dng c c th va
p vi nhau khi thay i dng c, v iu ny c th dn n hng my.
2. Chc chn c 2 hc bn cnh hc cha dng c u phi trng. Nu
chu trnh i dng c c thc hin bn cnh hc cha dng c ng
knh ln, s va p gia cc dng c s xy ra gia dng c ng knh
ln v dng c c cha trong hc, lm ph hng my.
T9
;...................... S dng c cho dng c ng knh ln (T9000 n
T9999)
T1
to T8
;...... S dng c cho dng c ng knh trung bnh
(T1000 n T8999)
T0
;...................... S dng c cho dng c ng knh nh
(T0000 n T0999)
90
1). Cc hot ng ca ATC i vi tng nhm dng c (phn loi theo kch
thc dng c) th khng ging nhau.
Khi i mt dng ln trn trc chnh vi 1 dng c nh trn
magazine, qu trnh xy ra theo trnh t sau:
1. Magazine quay
(a v tr hc chnh ca Magazine v ch i dng c ng
knh to)
2. i dng c
(dng c ng knh to trn trc chnh tr v hc trn magazine)
3. Magazine quay
(a dng c nh trong Magazine v v tr hc ch ly dao)
4. i dng c
( lp dng c ng knh nh ln trc chnh)
< Chng trnh >
Chng trnh di y lp T9001 ( ng knh ln) ln trc chnh
O0011;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X_ Y_;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S_ T2;.............. Gi T2 (ng knh nh) ti v tr
thay dng c.
M03;
...................................... chng trnh gia cng
...
...
G91 G28 Z0 M05;.................... V im 0 ca my nm trn trc
Z; dng trc chnh
M01;
M06; ........................................ i T9001 (ng knh ln) vi T2
(ng knh nh).
N2;
G90 G00 G54 X_ Y_;
G43 Z30.0 H2 S_ T8003; ........ Gi T8003 (nng, ng knh trung
bnh) ti v tr thay dng c.
M03;
...
...................................... chng trnh gia cng
...
G91 G28 Z0 M05; ................... V im 0 ca my nm trn trc
Z; dng trc chnh.
M01;
M06; ........................................ Thay T2 ( ng knh nh ) vi
T8003 (nng, ng knh trung bnh)
91
2.
M lnh S
M lnh S iu khin tc trc chnh. Tc
trc chnh c t trc tip bi gi tr
sau a ch S.
S_M03 (M04);
S............................................... t tc trc chnh (v/ pht);
M03 (M04)................................ t chiu quay
M03 : Quay thun.
M04 : Quay nghch
1).Tc trc chnh c t theo n v vng/pht.
2).Tc trc chnh c tnh ton theo cng thc sau :
1000 * V
N=
*D
N : Tc trc chnh (v/pht)
V : Tc ct (m/pht)
: Hng s pi
D : ng knh dng c (mm)
3). Phm vi tc gia cng c t ng chn theo gi tr t sau S. Do
, n khng cn phi thay i tc bng lnh M41, M42 hoc lnh M43
trong chng trnh.
S dng lnh S
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X100.0 Y50.0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S1000 T2;
M03; ........................................Quay trc chnh vi tc 1000 vng/pht
...
...
M05; ........................................Dng trc chnh.
M03; ........................................Quay trc chnh vi tc 1000 vng/pht
S1500; ....................................Quay trc chnh vi tc 1500 vng/pht.
92
Tnh ton tc trc chnh

tnh tc quay ca trc chnh khi gia cng vi tc ct l 26 m/pht,
dao phay ngn ng knh 20mm .
Tc vng quay: N =
1000 * V
*D
N : Tc quay ca trc chnh

(vng/pht)
V : Tc ct (m/pht)
: Hng s pi (3,141592654)
D : ng knh dng c.
Tc ct: V =
*D*N
1000
Tnh tc trc chnh s dng phng trnh
trn :
1000 * 26
N=
= 414 (/pht)
* 20
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X80.0 Y70.0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S414 T2;
M03; ........................................ Quay trc chnh theo hng thun 414v/ph.
93
3.
M lnh F
M lnh F s dng iu khin tc
tin dao.
F_ ; .....................Tc tin dao (mm/pht).

ch
1)Trong chng trnh, Lnh F lun c hiu lc cho n khi mt lnh F tip
theo c ch ra.
2)Gi tr chy dao ch nh sau a ch F t c ng gi tr ca n ch khi
cng tc OVERRIDE trn bng iu khin t 100%.
1) M lnh F ch s dng vi cc lnh G01,G02,G03 v trong cc chu
trnh gia cng l.
2)Tc chy dao lp trnh c th thay i trong qu trnh gia cng bng
cch iu chnh cng tc OVERRIDE trn bng iu khin.
Ch rng , cng tc OVERRIDE s b v hiu nu s dng lnh M49
trong chng trnh.
3)Tc tin dao (Feedrate) c tnh ton theo cng thc :
F = f*Z*N
F: Tc tin dao (mm/pht)
f : Bc tin trn 1 rng (mm/1 rng)
Z: S rng ca dao
N: Tc trc chnh(/pht)
4)Tc taro c tnh ton theo cng thc di :
F = P*N
F : Tc tin dao (mm/pht)
P : Bc ren (mm)
N : Tc trc chnh(vng/pht)
94
Tnh ton tc tin dao(1)

Tnh ton lng tin dao khi gia cng trong iu kin sau:
Dao phay ngn : 20 mm (2 li ct ngang )
Lng chy dao/rng: 0.08 mm/rng
Tc trc chnh: 450 v/pht
<Tc tin dao >
F = f*Z*N
F: Tc tin dao
(mm/pht)
f: Lng tin dao/ rng
(mm/1 rng)
Z: S rng (dao)
N: Tc trc chnh (/pht)
Ta c:
F = 0.08*2*450 = 72 (mm/pht)
Tnh ton tc tin dao (2) :

Tnh ton tc tin dao khi taro trong iu
kin sau:
Mi taro M8xP1.25
Tc trc chnh: 400 v/pht
<Tc tin dao >
F = P*N
F: Tc tin dao (mm/pht)
P: bc ren.
N: Tc trc chnh.
Ta c:
F = 1.25*400 = 500 (mm/pht)
95
S dng m lnh F
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X160.0 Y160.0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S440 T2;
M03;
G01 Z0 F3000; ........................ Ti im1, dao h xung chiu cao Z0,
vi tc tin dao 3000 mm/pht.
X-160.0 F200; ......................... chy dao ti im 2, tc 200
mm/pht. F200 (200 mm/pht) c lu
tr cho n lnh F tip theo.
Y-160.0; .................................. chy dao ti im 3, tc 200 mm/pht
...
N5;
G90 G00 G54 X160.0 Y160.0;
G43 Z30.0 H5 S1000 T6;
M03;
G99 G81 Z-20.0 R3.0 F50;...... Trong chu trnh khoan l G81,
tc tin dao theo trc Z l 50 mm/pht.
X-160.0;
...
Lnh F ch c hiu lc trong ch chy dao ct, khng c gi tr khi s
dng vi G00, ch chy dao nhanh.
96
Chng E
M lnh D v H
97
1.
M lnh D
M lnh D xc nh a ch b bn knh cho
lnh G41 v G42.M lnh b bn knh c
s dng b ng chy dao, gim khi
tc tnh ton khi lp trnh. Lng b bn
knh c nhp qua mn hnh
TOOLOFFSET.
Gi tr b nhp vo v tr No. trn mn hnh
ch nh a ch b.
ch
Mn hnh TOOLOFFSET c th
thay i giao din tu theo thng
s k thut v model ca h NC.
TOOL
OFFSET(H)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TOOL
OFFSET(D)
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
MACHINE
X
Y
Z
0.000
0.000
0.000
OLD DATA
INPUT DATA
98
B bn knh trong mt phng XY

G17 G01 (G00) G41 (G42) X_ Y_ D_ F_ ;
G40 G01 (G00) X_ Y_ J_ F_;
G17 ............. Chn mt phng b dao.
G01 (G00) La chn dng ni suy thc hin b
bn knh.
G00 ................ Chy dao nhanh
G01 .................chy dao gia cng
G41 ............. Gi m lnh b bn knh
(bn tri)
ng chy dao thc t
c dch sang tri so
vi ng chy dao lp
trnh , theo hng
chuyn ng ca dng
c, mt khong cch
bng lng b.
G42 ............. Gi m lnh b bn knh.
(bn phi)
ng chy dao thc t
c dch sang phi so
vi ng chy dao lp
trnh , theo hng
chuyn ng ca dng
c, mt khong cch
bng lng b.
G40 ............. Hu b ch b dao.
X,Y ........... .. To im cui cung trn
D ................. a ch OFFSET
F .................. Lng tin dao.
ch
Nu s dng b nh b dao B, s khng c s khc bit gia d liu b

bn knh v b chiu di. Do , phi t lng b chiu di v b bn
knh ca mt dng c nhng a ch OFFSET khc nhau.
1.Trn mn hnh TOOLOFFSET, gi tr b mn v b bn knh c t
mt cch c lp.
2.Lng b bn knh bng 0 khi s dng D0. Khi bt u lm vic, NC
trng thi nh khi s dng lnh D0.
99
S dng m lnh D
My gia cng theo bin dng (1) -> (20 -> (3), s dng dao phay
ngn 10mm.
TOOL
OFFSET(H)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TOOL
OFFSET(D)
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
5.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.015
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
X
Y
Z
MACHINE
0.000
0.000
0.000
INPUT
OLD DATA
O0001;
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X150.0 Y120.0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S440 T2;
M03;
Z-5.0;
G42 X120.0 Y40.0 D1; ............ B bn knh bn phi. S dng lng b
t ti v tr 1 trn mn hnh
TOOLOFSET.
Trong v d ny, tng lng b bn
knh: 5.000 + 0.015 = 5.015 mm.
G01 X60.0 F200; ..................... (2).
X30.0 Y80.0; ........................... (3).
100
2.
Yu cu khi s dng m lnh b bn knh.

s dng b dao (offset) theo bn knh ct (G40, G41 v G42), phi
hiu cch r cch nhp d liu.
<Nhp lng b bn knh>
Nhp vo gi tr b dao trn bng TOOLOFFSET ti a ch tng ng vi

a ch b dao t sau lnh D.
TOOL
OFFSET(H)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TOOL
OFFSET(D)
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
5.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.015
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
ch
1.Nu s dng b nh b dao B, s khng c s khc bit gia d liu

b bn knh v b chiu di. Do , phi t lng b chiu di v b bn
knh ca mt dng c nhng a ch OFFSET khc nhau.
2.Giao din ca mn hnh TOOLOFFSET c th thay i tu thuc
vo h NC.
101
3.
Cc thut ng k thut s dng trong vic gii thch chc

nng b bn knh dng c
Cc thut ng k thut dng cho chc nng b thng dng c gii thch
nh sau:
Thut ng
ngha
Khi lnh u tin cha G41,G42
Start-up
Hot ng u tin, tm dng c c b ti v tr
dng v bn phi mt lng bng bn knh.
Chc nng b mi dng c c hiu lc sau Start-up
Offset mode
Cancel Mode Chc nng b bn knh dng c b hu b bng G40.
Vic hu b bn knh dng c bt u t khi lnh
trc khi lnh cha G40. Tm dng c c nh v
ti bn phi ti ng chy dao lp trnh
ch
Vi hot ng kch hot v hu b chc nng b dao, c 2 kiu

hot ng c cung cp (kiu A v B).
Kiu A c gii thch nh sau (Kiu B tham kho ti liu ca
nh sn xut)
G41 (G42) G00 X_ Y_; .............
Khi ng (Start up)
ch
Trong trng hp nh c minh ho

trn hnh v, vic b dao c thc
hin sang tri, do , s dng G41.
G01 X_ Y_ F_;
X_ Y_;
............... Ch Offset
X_ Y_;
X_ Y_;
G40 G00 X_ Y_; .................................Hu b dao.
102
3.1.
Start-up
Khi lnh u tin, cha G41 hoc G42, gi l khi lnh start-up.Trong
hot ng start-up, tm ca dng c ct c offset, dng li v tr to
khi lnh tip theo (Xem hnh v).
G00 X100.0 Y100.0;.........................................................(1).

G42 X80.0 Y50.0 D_;.......................................................(2).
G01 X-45.0 F_;.................................................................(3)
............
ch
Khi s dng start-up, khi lnh u tin phi tho mn:

-Khi lnh start-up phi cha lnh di chuyn; khong cch c
gi phi ln hn lng b (bn knh dng c).
-Start-up phi c t trong G00 hoc G01 (dng chuyn ng
tnh tin).
*Khng s dng start-up trong dng ni suy G02 hoc
G03. Nu s dng trong dng ny, tn hiu cnh bo
No.034 s hin trn mn hnh v my ngng hot ng.
*Khng dng D0 trong chng trnh. Nu s dng, chc
nng b bn knh s b hu.
103
3.2.
OFFSET mode
Trng hp chc nng b bn knh dng c c hiu lc, sau start-up, c
gi l Offset mode.
1) Khi hng b dng c khng i. Dng c chuyn ng theo hnh dng
phi v tip xc vi qu o cn gia cng.
G42 G00 X100 .0 Y40.0;...........................(1) (START UP)

G01 X70.0 F200........................................(2)
Y65.0.........................................................(3)
G03 X45.0 Y90.0 R25.0............................(4)
offset mode
G01 X20.0.................................................(5)
X_ Y_;........................................................(6)
.........................
ch
1. Ti cu lnh Start-up v trong ch b dao 2 khi lnh c a vo

b nh m. Trong ch b dao nhng khi lnh khng cha cc lnh di
chuyn nh: (Mt khi lnh ch cha mt lnh M hoc G04 th khng c
php s dng). Mt khi lnh iu khin cc di chuyn theo cc trc bng
0 th cng khng c php s dng. Nu nhng lnh nh vy c s
dng th s gy ra ct lm hoc ct ht v hai khi lnh khng c a
vo b m, iu ny cng gy ra hng dng c.
104
2. Khi c gng ct cung trn c bn knh nh hn bn knh dng c

hoc ct rnh c chiu rng nh hn ng knh dng c, h thng s
cnh bo, mt thng bo hin trn mn hnh, trnh ct lm. Nu vic
ny xy ra, khi chng trnh thc hin trong ch Singleblock, lng ct
lm s lm hng phi bi v chng trnh thc hin n cui ca khi lnh
trc khi n kp dng.
3. Khng c thay i mt lm vic vi G17,G18,G19 trong ch
OFFSET.
Nu thay i, cnh bo xy ra, v tn hiu cnh bo 037 xut hin trn mn
hnh, my ngng hot ng.
2). Khi hng b dng c thay i.
Nu hng b dng c thay i, nh c minh ho di y nu m G
goi chc nng b bn knh thay i gia G41 v G42 , chu vi dng c s
tip xc vi phi theo trong 2 khi lnh lin tc ti v tr thay t G41 sang
G42.
........................................
........................................
G41 X70.0 Y60.0;
Y40.0;........................................................................(1)
G42 X_ Z_;................................................................(2)
........................................
........................................
Vic chuyn ch m G gia G41 v G42 th khng c t khi lnh

bt u v khi lnh tip theo.
105
3.3.
Cancel Mode
Lnh G40, ch ra trong ch Offset, hu b chc nng b dao.
Ch hu b dao bt u t cui khi lnh trc khi lnhG40. Tm
dng c s thay i li nh trong hnh v.
(G41) X100.0 Y50.0;

X60.0 Y50.0;........................................................(1).
G40 G00 X40.0 Y20.0..........................................(2).(Ch hu)
........................................
........................................
(G41) X100.0 Y50.0;
X60.0Y50.0;.............................................................. (1)
G40 G00 X40.0 Y20.0;............................................. (2) (Cancel Mode)
........................................
........................................
ch
Trong ch hu b dao, cn lu nhng vn sau:

-Chc nng b bn knh c th hu b bng cch nhn phm [RESET]
trn bng iu khin. Hoc bng cch s dng D0 trong chng trnh.
-Lnh hy (G40) phi c ch ra trong ch G00 hoc G01 (chuyn
ng tnh tin).
Khng c s dng G40 trong ch G02 v G03. Nu s dng
trong G02 hoc G03, cnh bo s xy ra, tn hiu cnh bo 034 s
xut hin trn mn hnh v my ngng hot ng.
106
5.
Chng trnh v d
Mt s chng trnh v d s dng chc nng b bn knh.
Lp trnh s dng G40,G41 v G42 (1).
O0001;
N1;
1) G90 G00 G54 X-100.0 Y-100.0;.........................(1)
2) G43 Z30.0 H1 S300 T2;
M03
3) Z-30.0
4) G17 G41G01X0 Y-40.0 D1 F300; .....................(2)
Y250.0; ..............................................................(3)
5) X200.0; ..............................................................(4)
G02 Y0 R125.0; .................................................(5)
G01 X-40.0; ........................................................(6)
6) G40 G00 X-100.0 Y-100.0; ...............................(7)
.............................................
1) Chy dao nhanh ti im (1) trong h to lm vic G54.
2) Chy dao nhanh ti Z30.0
3) Chy dao nhanh ti Z-30.0
107
4) (2) start-up
G41.......... B dao bn tri theo
hng tin dng c
D1............ a ch b dao, ni bn
knh dao c t.
5) (3)-(6) Ch Offset.
Gia cng theo hnh dng lp trnh.
6) (7) Ch hu b dao.
Trong khi lnh trc lnh hu b dao, dng c
nh v ti im (6). Sau , i ra im (x-100.0,
y -100.0)
108
Lp trnh s dng G40,G41 v G42.

Gia cng 2 pocket sau, s dng dao phay ngn 8.
Pocket c gia cng su 5 mm vi lng d ct tinh mt trong l 0.3.
Point
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
X
-15.0
-15.0
-50.0
-50.0
-15.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
40.0
40.0
< Trnh t gia cng>

Ct Pocket.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (2) (1)
Ct Pocket
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (7) (6)

O0001;
N1;
1) G90G00G54X_15.0Y0;...................................... (1)
G43Z30.0H1S500T2;
M03;
G01Z3.0F3000;
Z-5.0F80;
2) G41Y10.0D1;..................................................... (2)
3) X-50.0;............................................................... (3)
4) G03Y-10.0R10.0;............................................... (4)
5) G01X-15.0;......................................................... (5)
109
Y
0
10.0
10.0
-10.0
-10.0
45.0
45.0
-45.0
-45.0
45.0
6) G03Y-10.0R10.0;............................................... (2)
7) G40G01Y0;........................................................ (1)
G00Z3.0;
8) X30.0Y45.0;....................................................... (6)
G01Z-5.0;
9) G41X20.0;.......................................................... (7)
10) Y-45.0;............................................................... (8)
11) G03X40.0R10.0;................................................ (9)
12) G01Y45.0;.......................................................... (10)
13) G03X20.0R10.0;................................................ (7)
14) G40G01X30.0;................................................... (6)
G00Z30.0;
.........................................................
.........................................................
110
ch
Nu khng t G40 trong khi (7):

C nhng trng hp lp trnh vin khng s dng G40 trong khi (7) bi v
h hiu nhm rng Start-up v Cancel mode ch s dng mt ln trong
chng trnh khi mt phi ang c gia cng
Nu lnh G40 khng t trong khi (7), hin tng ct lm (undercut) s
xy ra nh c minh ho trn hnh v.
c G40 trong cu lnh (7), qu trnh

ong cu lnh (6) v mt tn hiu cnh
Khi cu lnh (7) khng c lnh G40 c thc hin, gi tr Offset vn tn ti

cu lnh (8), Do s gy ra ct lm khi dao di chuyn vo v tr (6)
(X30.0 Y45.0)
Tuy nhin, khi xy ra ct lm, cnh bo s xy ra ti v tr (6) v tn hiu
cnh bo tng ng s hin trn mn hnh v my dng hot ng.
111
2.
M lnh H
M lnh H l a ch xc nh s
offset s dng cho chc nng b
chiu di dng c (G43,G44).
S dng chc nng b trong chng
trnh b v tr dng c, v vy
dng c lun nh v ti v tr lp trnh
m khng cn thay i ni dng lp
trnh.
TOOL
OFFSET(H)
GEOME
TRY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
WEAR
TOOL
OFFSET(D)
GEOME
TRY
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000 DATA
0.000
OLD
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
WEAR
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
MACHINE
X
Y
Z
0.000
0.000
0.000
INPUT DATA
Lng b chiu di dng c c

nhp
trn mn hnh TOOL OFFSET.
ch
Mn hnh TOOLOFFSET
thay i tu theo cc thng
s v model ca h NC.
G43 Z_ H_;
G49;
G43......................... Gi chc nng b
chiu di.
G49......................... Hu chc nng b chiu di.
Z............................. Xc nh to cn t theo hng trc Z.
H............................. Ch ra s Offset s dng.
ch
Nu s dng b nh B, h iu khin khng phn bit gia vic b chiu

cao v b bn knh. Do cn thit phi t lng b chiu cao v lng
b bn knh ca mt dng c cc a ch khc nhau.
112
1) Nu s dng G44 cho vic b chiu di dng c, du ca lng

b chiu di c ngc vi du ca G43.
Mori Seiki ch s dng G43 .
2) Lng b dng c lun bng 0 khi s dng H0.
Khi bt u khi ng my, NC trng thi nh khi s dng H0.
3) Trn mn hnh TOOLOFFSET lng b hnh hc v b mn dao c
t c lp vi lng b bn knh.
S dng m lnh H
TOOL
OFFSET(H)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TOOL
OFFSET(D)
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
GEOME
TRY
WEAR
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
MACHINE
X
0.000
0.000
Y
0.000
Z
OLD DATA
INPUT DATA
O0001
N1;
G90 G00 G54 X100.0 Y80.0;
G43 Z30.0 H1 S1000 T2;....................Lng b dng c c t ti
v tr NO.1 trn mn hnh
TOOLOFFSET .
Lng b chiu cao ca dng
c l tng ca lng b chiu
di v lng b mn.
Trong v d ny,
-150.0+0.135=-149.865(mm) l
lng b chiu cao.
M03;
....................
113
Chng F
Cc v d lp trnh
Ni suy cung trn (b bn knh dng c)
114
1) Xc nh im O phi v phng php g kp.
2.) Xc nh dng c
115
Th t gia
cng
Tn dng c
-------------
Nguyn
cng
N1
Dao phay ngn 20, T1
3) Xc nh iu kin gia cng

S(v/p)
T
(Tc
(dng c)
Tn dsng
trc chnh)
c
1
Dao phay
330
ngn
20, T1
Vi tr cn gia cng
ng knh l 100mm
F (mm/p)
(lng
chy dao)
66
S offset
H
1
D
2
ch
Nhp lng b bn knh dng c12.5mm vo v

tr No.2 (D2) trn mn hnh TOOLOFFSET.
S dng mt s khc cho s b bn knh v s
b chiu di dng c.
(Do mn hnh TOOLOFFSET khng phn chia
gia dng b bn knh v b chiu di).
4) Lp chng trnh
O0010;............................ S chng trnh.
G00 G40 G80;................ Chy dao nhanh G00, hu ch b
bn knh, hu ch chy chu trnh.
/G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0;....... a cc trc X,Y v Z v gc my.
/T1.................................. Gi dng c No.1( dao phay ngn
20)
/M06................................ i dng c
Khi dng c T1 c kp trn trc chnh, bt chc nng b
qua cu l lnh b qua cc lnh ny.
N01 (dao phay ngn 25mm; D2=12.5mm);
........................................ Khi lnh No.1
G00 G90 G54 X0 Y0 S330;
........................................ Chn h to lm vic G54.
Chy dao nhanh ti (X0,Y0). Trc
chnh quay thun vi tc 330 v/p
G43 Z50.0 H1 M03; ....... B dng c theo a ch No.1 (G43).
Chy dao nhanh ti Z50.0. Trc
chnh quay thun vi tc 330v/p.
Z-25.0;............................. Di chuyn trc Z t mt phi (Z0) ti
v tr Z-25.0.
116
G01 G41 X20.0 Y-30.0 D02 F66;

........................................ Ni suy tuyn tnh, b bn knh dng
c sang bn tri (G41). Tc chy
dao 66 mm/ph.
G03 X50.0 Y0 R30.0;...... Ni suy cung trn (ngc chiu kim
ng h). Bn knh 30mm, to
im cui cung trn (50.0,0) .
I-50.0;............................. ng trn, bn knh 50.0mm.
X-20.0 Y30.0 R30.0;....... Ni suy cung trn (ngc chiu kim
ng h). Bn knh 30mm, to
im cui cung trn (20.0,30.0).
G00 Z50.0 M05;............... Chy dao nhanh ti v tri cch mt
phi 50mm, dng trc chnh .
G91 G28 Z0;.................... Trc Z v im O.
M30;................................. Kt thc chng trnh.
Bn knh tip cn c t l 30mm, bng 60% R
Gia cng nhiu phi
117
t 4 phi trn bn my, nh ch ra trong phn 2.2, lp trnh

chng gia cng nh sau:
5) Lp chng trnh
P0100;............................
G00 G40 G80; ...............
S chng trnh (chng trnh chnh)

Chy dao nhanh ti im G00. Hu
b ch b bn knh, hu b ch
chu trnh.
/G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0; ..... Chy cc trc X,Y v Z v gc my.
/T1 .................................. Gi dng c No.1
/M06; .............................. i dng c.
M01; ................................ Dng tu chn
N01 (dao phay ngn 25.0 *D2=12.5mm);
......................................... Khi lnh No.1
G00 G90 G54 X0 Y0 S330;
Gi h to lm vic G54, chy
dao nhanh ti im (0,0). t tc
trc chnh 330v/p.
G43 Z50.0 H1 M03; ....... Chy dao ti im Z50.0, b dao
theo chiu di, a ch H1. Quay trc
chnh bn phi.
M98 P101; ..................... Gi chng trnh con O101.
G55 X0 Y0; ................... Gi h to lm vic G55, chy
dao nhanh ti im (0,0).
118

M98 P101; ...................... Gi chng trnh con O101.
G57 X0 Y0; .................... Gi h to lm vic G54, chy
dao nhanh ti im (0,0). t tc
trc chnh 330v/p.
M98 P101; ...................... Gi chng trnh con O101.
G91 G28 Z0 M5; ............. Tr li im 0 ca trc Z, dng quay
trc chnh.
M30; ................................ Kt thc chng trnh.
O0101; ............................ Tn chng trnh (chng trnh con)
G00 G90 Z-25.0 ............. Chy dao nhanh t b mt lm vic
ti v tr Z-25 mm.
G01 G41 X20.0 Y-30.0 D2 F66;
....................................... Ni suy tuyn tnh G01. b bn knh
dao bn tri (G41), ti a ch D2.
Tc tin dao 66 mm/pht.
G03 X50.0 Y0 R30.0; .... Ni suy cung trn ngc chiu kim
ng h, bn knh R30.0, to
im cui (50.0,0).
I-50.0; ............................ Ct ng trn kn, bn knh 50 mm.
X20.0 Y30.0 R30.0; ...... Ct cung trn bn knh 30 mm, im
cui X20.0 v Y30.0.
G01 G40 X0 Y0 F1000;.. Ni suy tuyn tnh G01. Hu ch
b bn knh.
G00 Z25.0; ..................... Chy dao nhanh theo trc Z cch b
mt lm vic 50mm.
M99; ............................... Kt thc chng trnh con.
Tc quay v tc chy dao cho phay
119
Vt liu
(Type of Material)
Vn tc ct m/p
(Speed)
Tc chy dao rng

(Feed per teeth-FPT)
HSS
Carbide
HSS
Carbide
Nhm v magi
ng thau v ng
thic (mm)
ng thau v ng
thic (cng)
>= 180
>= 300
.12 - .60
.12 - .76
75 - 90
>=120
.12 - .50
.25 - .50
45 - 60
120
.06 - .25
.12 - .75
ng
45 - 60
>= 300
.12 - .38
.12 - .38
Gang c (mm)
22 - 30
75 - 100
.12 - .38
.25 - .50
Gang c (cng)
15 - 22
60 - 75
.08 - .18
.12 - .25
100 HBN
38 - 53
135 - 180
.10 - .25
.12 - .50
200 HBN
21 - 27
110 - 135
.10 - .25
.12 - .25
300 HBN
12 -> 15
60 - 75
.09 - .12
.12 - .25
400 HBN
6 -> 9
30 - 60
.02 - .08
.10 - .15
500 HBN
Thp Ti
khng
g
Cha ti
3 -> 5
22 - 45
.02 - .08
.10 - .15
10 -> 21
75 - 120
.08 - .12
.08 - .30
21 -> 31
75 - 120
.08 - .12
.08 - .30
10 -> 17
45 - 55
.08 - .12
.10 - .20
7 -> 10
35 - 45
.05 - .12
.08 - .2
5 -> 8
24 - 36
.02 - .12
.05 - .20
12 -> 18
45 - 90
.05 - .12
.08 - .20
6 -> 9
30 - 70
.02 - .10
.05 - .15
2 -> 6
15 - 45
.02 - .08
.05 - .15
Thp
Di 100 K PSI
100K - 135 K
PSI
Titan 135 K PSI
Hp kim thp
Ferritic
Thp Hp kim
chu Austenitic
nhit Hp kim nn
cao Nickel Base
Tc quay v tc chy dao cho khoan
120
Tc chy ct
Vt liu
cng BHN-3000 KG
Nha, Bakelite cc
loi khc
Nhm v thp hp
kim
60 - 150
Nhm c
22 - 45
ng
ng thau (mm)
ng vng v..v.
ng thau (cng)
thic
30 - 75
30 - 75
25 - 45
<= 150
25 - 45
60 - 90
150 - 250
20 - 25
45 - 60
250 - 350
12 -> 18
30 - 45
<= 200
15 - 30
200 - 300
15 - 20
300 - 400
6 -> 12
<= 200
12 -> 15
200 - 300
9 -> 12
300 - 400
5 -> 9
hp kim nn Niken
6 -> 9
hp kim nn Cobalt
2 -> 5
250 - 350
5 -> 9
350 - 450
3 -> 5
<= 250
15 -> 21
250 - 400
5 -> 9
Dt mng
Ko si
Gang c Loi nh
Thp Cacbon v
thp hp kim
Thp hp kim
Thp cao
Titan v hp kim
121
HSS
Carbide
30 - 75
Tc quay v tc chy dao cho doa

Vn tc ct (m /pht)
Vt liu
HSS
Carbide
Magi
60 -120
150 -> 300
Nhm
45 - 90
150 -> 300
ng thau ng thic
38 - 60
76 -> 120
ng v ng thic cng
15 - 22
30 -> 45
Mm
15 - 30
45 -> 75
Trung bnh
8 -> 15
22 -> 45
Cng
5 -> 8
12 -> 22
Di 200 HBN
16 - 24
60- > 90
200 - 300 HBN
9 -> 16
38 -> 06
300 - 400 HBN
6 -> 10
15 -> 38
400 - 500 HBN
3 -> 10
10 -> 15
500 HBN
3 -> 6
4 -> 10
12 -> 18
45 -> 76
Seri 300
6 -> 9
24 -> 36
Seri 400 v P.H
4 -> 8
18 -> 30
Nn Nickel
3 -> 6
12 -> 21
Nn Cobalt
3 -> 4
9 -> 15
10 -> 15
15 - 30
3 -> 6
10 -> 15
St
Thp
Thp
khng g
-Thp cha ti?
Thp hp
kim
chu nhit
cao
sch
Titan
Hp kim
Tc quay v tc chy dao cho taro
122
Vt liu
Bakelite
Nha
Nhm v thp non
ng thau (ng
cng, mm)
Hp kim ng
Gang c
Thp hp kim v thp

cacbon
Thp khng g
Thp bn cao
Titan v hp kim ITS
cng
BHN (3000kg)
Tc ct (m/p)
18-30
30-75
22-45
18-30
<150
150-250
250-300
<200
200-300
300-400
<200
200-300
300-400
<200
200-300
<255
250-400
123
18-30
15-24
9-12
5-6
6-8
5-6
2-5
6-9
2-5
3-8
3-3
8-10
2-5

CNC

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNC

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ni dung

Bn ngh g khi bn nghe thy thut ng gi l

G43 Z30.0 H01 S440 T5002;

Nhng yu cu i vi ngi lp chng trnh

Nhng hot ng cn thit khi lp mt

3.Xc nh cc bc gia cng trn c s

Nhp chng trnh vo my

Nu chng trnh c a vo b nh khng phi do ngi lp

Qu trnh cho n khi hon thnh sn phm

2.Xc nh dng c s dng

10. R g phi trn bn my xc nh im O

14.Gia cng trong ch t ng

Ch chy dao( chy dao nhanh hay chy ct gt)

Khi o, phi c c lm mt khng ?

Cc thut ng trong lp trnh

S chng trnh (Program number)

O0001;----------------------------------------- S chng trnh

Nu s chng trnh tn ti trong b nh, n khng th c tip.

on chng trnh (Part Program)

(phn chng trnh dnh

(phn chng trnh dnh

Khi lnh (Block)

Khi lnh c kt thc bng k t [;].

iu khin v nh hng cc trc

Di chuyn theo cc trc iu khin

Din t chuyn ng cc trc trong chng trnh.

Trng hp lnh X+__,

Nu gi thit dng c di chuyn, trong khi bn my ng yn, th phng,

Lp trnh theo h to tuyt i (2)

Din t lnh gia s (2)

1. Tc trc chnh (Spindle Speed) (min-1).

S400;.................Tc trc chnh 400v/ph

2. Tc tin dao ct (Cutting Feedrate) (mm/min)

F100;................. Tc tin dao 100m/ph

Chiu su ct (Depth of cut)

Vi nguyn cng gia cng l, chiu su ct c th c ch nh bng

T kho kch thc

Chc nng tin dao

Tc tin dao,bc ren.

Xc nh v tr trn trc B (lnh tuyt i)

Phng php gia cng v chuyn ng ca cc trc trong mi

t thi gian dng v gi chng trnh con

Chiu su ct mi lt khi s dng chu trnh gia cng l .

Tc quay trc chnh

Gi tr bn knh trong lnh ni suy cung trn.

O0001;..........................Tn chng trnh (Dng lnh ny ch c a

M08 c th c b i nu khng cn ti ngui

Nhng ch khi lp chng trnh

Vic nhp s chng trnh nm ch s hoc hn l khng c php.

Khong cch gia lnh trong chng trnh

Mt chng trnh s c vit theo cch sau

Chc nng b qua mt dng lnh:

Nhp du chm thp phn

C nhiu gii hn trong cc n v s dng, tu thuc vo loi a ch

1. Khi a ra m G trong mt cu lnh, chng phi c t trc a ch.

Gia cng l su tc cao

Cc dng to ( G90 , G91)

G91 X_Y_ Z_;

Khi s dng G90, n s c hiu lc kho n khi G91 c

Lp trnh s dng G90 & G91 t (1)-(2)

X G90 G00 X10.0 Y10.0;................. (1)

Chng trnh s dng G90 & G91 ( 2 )

Chng trnh s dng G90 & G91 ( 3 )

G90 G00 X10.0 Y10.5...................(1)