Num Chron 1897

THE
NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE,
JOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
THE
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
AND
JOURNAL
OP THE
NUMISMATIC
EDITED BY
SOCIETY;
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., TBEAS.R.S.,

COHRESPONDANT L'lNSTITDT DB FBANCE, DB
BAECLAY V. HEAD, D.C.L., PH.D.,

KEHPEB COINS,BRITISH MUSEUM, 07 MEMBER THE IMPERIALGBBMAN OF TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, AND
HERBERT
A. GRUEBER,
F.S.A.
ASSISTANT-XEEFEB COINS, OP BRITISHMUSEUM
IHIED
SEEIE8.-VOL.
XVH.
Factum abut-monumenta
man^nt -Ov. Fast.
LONDON:
BERNARD
QUAEITCE,
1897.
15, PICCADILLY.
PLACE LOTTVOIS, No. 4.
PARIS: MM. EOLLIH ET FEUAEDENT,
LONDOKZ POINTEDBY J 8. VIRTUEAND CO., USUTED, CTTTBOAD
CONTENTS.
ANCIENT
NUMISMATICS.
Pase
Supposed Signs of Value on Early Coins of Hnnera. J. Seltmann, Esq. . . . . . . Omoanda: A New Greek Mint.
By E. . .
1 25
By G. F. Hill, M. A. .
On a Coin of Hierapytna, in Crete, hitherto wrongly attributed. By M. J. P. Lamhros 31
Bare and Unpublished Roman Gold Coins in my Collection. By the late H. Montagu, F.S.A Greek Coinsacquired by the British Museum in 1896. By
"Warwick Wroth, F.S,A.
35
93
A Find of RomanDenarii near Cambridge. By William C.

Boyd, Esq ... 119 A Discovery of Roman Coins on the Summit of the Theodule
Pass(Matterjoeh). By Edward Whymper, Esq. .
. 127
The Type known as " The Demos " on Coinsof Rhegium. By E. J. Seltmann, Esq ,173
Monnaies grecques, inedites et incertaines. By Dr. J. P. Six

On some Rare Greek Coins. M.A., F.R.S. ... By the Rev. Canon Greenwell, .....
190
253
Solon's Reform of the Attic Standard. By G. F. Hill, M.A. Cartimandua. By G. F Hill, M.A. , . .
284
. 23
VI
CONTENTS.
MEDIEVAL
AND
MODERN
NUMISMATICS.
Page
On the North-Humbrian Coinage of A.D. 758-808.

Lord Ghrantley, E.S.A. A Mud of Coins at East Wellington.
F.S.A
By
,134
By H. A. Grueber,
145
A Eind of Coins at Crediton, N. Devon.

E.S.A
By H. A. Grueber,
.159
On Some Coins of William
L and II.
By L. A. Lawrence,
Esq.
.',-..
226
235
On a Hoard of Short-cross Pennies, By L. A, Lawrence, Esq.
On the Mint of Barnstaple. By L. A. Lawrence,Esq. .
. . 302
309
Medals of Centenarians. By F.. Parkes Weber, M.D., E.S.A. Attribution of Medals of Priam, Augustus, and Alexander By E. Parkes Weber, M.D., E.S.A.
the Great, to a Medallist of Pope Pan! III., possibly

Alessandro Cesati. 314
NOTICES
OE RECENT
NUMISMATIC
PUBLICATIONS.
Nachtrageund Beriehtigungen Miinzkundederrdmischen zrur

Bepublik, &o. Yon M. Bahxfeldt . .
.
.'
245
Catalogue the Coinsof the Achsean of League, Compiledby

Major-General M. G. Clerk . . . . . . 246
Minton's NumismaticBibliography
.246
COXTENTh.
vil
MISCELLANEA. Page
Three BareMedalsmadeby W Mossop

Saxon Coins found near Hitchin .....
90
248
UndescribedPenny of King John An UnpublishedCoorgMedal .
.... ...
. .
248 249
250
A Little Silver Coin of En Nasir, Imam of San'a
Boman Denarufound near Cambridge . French Boyalist Medalsmadeby W. Mossop .
. .
251 318
319
Medallion in Plaster of the Bight Hon. John Beresford and his Wife, Barbara
Till
PLATES.
LIST
Plate
OF PLATES
CONTAINED
IN
VOL,
XVn
I. Oinoanda, Termessos Ma] or and Minor II. Roman Gold Coins, Montagu Collection, HE. Acquisitions of the British Museum in 1896.
V ' "
)J
SJ
J)
VI.
YII. North- Humbrian Coinage, A.D. 758-808. Vm. Coinsof Bhegium. IX. Monnaiesgrecques inediteset incertaines.
X. XI. xn. XHL
XIV.
Coins of Harold Coins from
II and William
I and II.
the Greenwell
Collection.
XV, The Honley Find
NUMISMATIC
i.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF YALUE
EIMERA.
CHRONICLE.
ON EARLY
COINS OF
VV-rpov
HI-pep
ON some of the early coins of Himera of Aeginetic weight, and in a few isolated instancesl on didrachms of the Attic system, bearing on the reverse the badge of Agrigentum, the crab, certain signs are fouud which. have been interpreted, more or less definitely, as marks
of value. They consist letters or globularmarks,the in latter, as a rule, occurringsingly. Only on onecoinmore,
viz., six, are known to occur,arranged in a star-like pattern like this Y* Soutzo affirms that the dot on these 2
coins is the sign of value for the litra.3 The six dots would on this assumption denote a value of six litrae-
that is, accordingto him, litrae of bronze,not silver, for

No. 56.
1 Gabrici,Topografta numimaticadelVantica Imera,p. 86, e

* Vide op. cit., p. 24, No. 20. 3 M. C. Soutzo, Introduction a fEtude des Monnaies de
Vltalie antique, i., p. 79, vol.

VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. B
NUMISMATIC CHBOKICLE.
he expresses himself as follows:4-" L'argent occupe en

apparence premiere place dans la numismatique Sicila lienne -3nous savonscependantd'une facon certaine que le bronze etait l'6talon mon^taire veritable de la plus grande partie de File. Aristote nous Fapprend pour Syracuse; nous le savonspositivement pour Agrigente et Eryx par
Fexistence pieces des marqueesFIEN (pentelitron)et AI

(litra), et nous devons Tadmettre pour toutes les villes dont les monnaiesont despoints ou globules indicatifs de
leur valeur en bronze."
This is no uncertain language, and it asserts,if anything, that the coinage of the Greek cities of Sicily was
really "for goodand all" based and governed the on, by,
value of that primitive measure,the Sikel libra, or litra, weight of copper.
With sucha contention cannotagree, I both on general grounds for reasons evidence afforded all the and of as by
extant Greek Sicilian coins. For wherever several metals
circulate freely as media of exchange,the meanercannot determine the value of the more precious, since, in the nature of things, it would not be sought after. When
goldbecame sufficientlyplentiful in England,it sweptthe meanersilver off the board by reason of its superior
advantagesas a circulating medium, and now not only
would we not, but we could not return to a silver stan-
dard,unless credit of the nation be first deiferoyed. the

Homestarted her commercial career in very limited mar-
kets with the copper standard. When, with growing

markets, silver was circulated in the form of coin, it
became dominatingpower. For although the everthe diminishingcopperpiece continued be calledthe *cAs" to
4 Op.<nt.,p. 60.
SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON BAKLY COINSOF HIMERA.
-the Senatetrying, for fifty years and more, to rehabilitate bronze in some measure-yet it was no longer the old libral As, but a mere ignominious token.
The proportion in the value of silver and bronzein Sicily and Italy has been determined 1 to 250, which as givesto the original, and real, copperlitra (the weight
of the normal silver litra being 13'5 grains) a weight of (13-5 x 250 =) 3,375 grains. Instead of this normal
weight,weget on the most favourablecomputation from

the earliest known Sicilian copper coins (those of Himera
of, presumably, first half of the fifth century)a litra the weight of lessthan 1,000grains. As a matter of usage
and tradition, such a coin would be called a litra still. As
a matter of practice .Aristotle would have hardly accepted
a lumpof copper the weight of lessthan 1,000grainsin of

exchange for a silver litra. Therefore, the silver litra
drachm are meant to
governed, the coppersymbolof it. But if we assume not

that the six dots on the Himerean
express six silver litrae, we are confronted by a new difficulty, for if we multiplied the 13-5 grains of the normal silver litra by six, we should get for the Aeginetic drachm a maximum weight of 81 grains, and this would fall short of the weight of the heaviest known specimen5
by about15 grains. In my opinionthis ought to be conclusive, and if these dots are signs of value, they can only
iudica^pthesix obols a drachm. But I doubtthis, of

too, on general grounds, as such marks and similar ones,
thoughcommon archaic coinsof various parts of the on

Greek world, do not at this early period occur on Sicilian
pieces, whenthey do appear and later on,they areunderstood to stand in relation to the litra, not the obol.
Gabrici, op. cit., p. 23, No. 12,
NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE.
I have, however, read about a fall in the weight of
the silverlitra during thefifth century,andif therereally was sucha fall, I seenothing to preventus frominferring that it may have begun earlier, and that the Aegineticdrachm may, after all, havebeen equal to six of those earlier and heavierlitrae. I quote ImhoofBlumer on this point.6 Speaking of one of the earliest known specimensof a silver litra of Agrigentuin, with
the rare legendAIT (retrograde),in placeof the usual

At, he writes as follows :- " Au lieu des lettres A I et I A,
dont d'autres petites piecesdu memegenre sont inscrites,
celle-ciqui parait un peuplus ancienne, porte la legende plus complete AIT, ecrite en sens retrograde,pour X/T/?a- Le poids cettemonnaie de atteintpresque-celui de
la litre Sicilienne normale, de gr. 0-87. La plupart des autres pieces pesent sensiblementmorns, ce qui prouve que le rapport de Fargent au cuivre avait change et que la litre en argent avait etc diminuee jusqu'au poids de I'obole, gr. 0*67, et memede Themiobole, gr. 0'33." I cannot acceptthis theory. True, litrae differ much in weight (as do obols and other small fractional pieces), and occasionally, instead of being too light, they are found of too heavy a weight.
All areagreed that the little silver coinsof the Sikel

towns are litrae. Yet wefind suchpiecesof Morgantia, and of a later date, too, than this signed litra of Agri^ntum, weighing sometimes considerably more than 13*5 grains.7
These tiny coins,produced wholesale trifling everyfor

day transactions,leave naturally much to be desired in
the matterof exactweight,as the mints were,evidently,

6 Monnaies6freeques, 14* p. 7 Brit,- Mus. Cat., Sicily, p. 114, Nos. 5 and 6,
SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON EARLT COINSOF HIMERA.
content to get a certain number out of a certain

amount of metal at a rough average of weight for
each piece. Despite such accidentalirregularities, the

silver litra did preservea permanently fixed standard, for have we not for a real test the steadily maintained weight of its multiples, the twenty, the ten, and the five-litra
pieces An,d if it be objectedthat these coins did not ?

diminish, because they were struck on the Attic standard as well, I point (while not admitting the validity of the
objection) the issues later times (some them quite to of of

different from customary multiples of the Attic system), and their steadily maintained ratio to the litra unit.8
We now turn our attention to some of the letters that
appearon early coins of Himera. Of these v V (or inverted VV and ^V), are perhaps most commonly found, and they havebeen supposed stand for the initial of VITRA to
with a numeral after it. At least, no other way (V) in

can I interpret what Gabrici says:9- "Si puo affermare per6 con una certa sicurezza che il segno V indichi sulle dramme la litra . . . Taltro segno V indicherd,
quante volte essaera ripetuta per fare Tequivalente di unadramma eginetica." He gives no opinion,it is true,
as to the meaning of the supposednumeral. always supposing it to be a numeral-it
othe^fcan the so-called "Koman" five.
But if he
hasnot madeup his mind, I do not hesitateto saythatcould be none

The Etruscans
and othernativeItalian races seem haveemployed, to from

early times, the sign V to denote five, and the Sikels, in
crossingfrom Italy, doubtlessintroducedit into Sicily.
Thereason the meaningof this particularsigndoes for

8 Head, "Coinsof Syracuse," Nmn.Chron,, 1874, 80, p.
9 Op. tit., p. 33.
1OIMISMATIC CHBON1CLE.
not seem far to seek, and as it differs from the cus-
tomaryexplanation, wouldtake this occasion mention I to it. It is usually supposed the Roman ten resulted that
from the method of parcelling units to the number of ten
bymeans crossing of strokes, this: DHUH? signfor like the

fiye beingproduced bisectionof the crossing by strokes.
As all are agreedthat the lowest numerals are digital pictures, it seemsto me more consistent,as well as more simple and natural, to seein the sign for the five an out-
lined pictureof the wholehand, asindicatedby the direction of the thumb andlittle finger, converging thus : \/. The signfor ten is, accordingly, doublehand,oneabove a
the other and joined by the wrists. Doubtless,thesesigns
are one of the earliest efforts of the mind in the direction
of writing and may, in their character of digital marks, have precededthe earliest Italian alphabet by long ages, notched, perhaps,by the savage on a stick, or impressed by his hand into a lump of soft clay from the ground at
his feet.
If, then, V meansVITRA on our coins, V as a numeral can, it may be confidently asserted,only stand for five. But by this assumptionwe should only add to a previous metrological difficulty, since five litrae of maximum
weightwill produce multiple of but 67*5grains. a

On some coins we find the letter V alone. Of these
Gfabrici says:10 " II segnoV non esprimeil valors della moneta, ma soltanto il rapportodi essa la litra> rapporto con gia riconosciuto negli scambi commerciali e che non occorrevapiu indicare." (The italics are mine.) Butr surely, the line must be drawn somewhere, for
proceeding this plan onemay arrive at any conclusion, on

10Op. tit. p. S3.
SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON EARLY COINSOF HIMERA.
andit mightbecontended aswell that, for example, just

certain silver pieces of Ephesus,bearing the words
APAXMH and AIAPAXMON, are neither the one nor I
the other, but have been so inscribed to indicate that they

stand in a certain relation to drachms and didrachms.
can,therefore, only accept interpretationof the letter the " au pied dela lettre." But readas VITRA there is no meaningin it in view of the weight of the coin, and a differentexplanation must be found, if possible. And if
V has another meaning for the drachm, the samemust be
presumed it whenit is found on a small coin, an obol, of

of the same issue.11
There are other varieties of signs to be mentioned in their places.
My interestin the subjectwasstimulatedby the acquisition of several coins with someof these puzzling marks
and letters. One is marked with V above the neck of the
cock. Lower down, and quite unconnected with this letter, there appears a well-raised globular mark, almost
resembling knob or boss, a very closeto the backof the

bird where the tail feathers join the body. On another coin, which is in excellent preservation,the letters VV can be read very plainly in front of the cock's breast, and
behind the bird, a little higher up, HI-the first two

letters of Himera. By this word or name we should not
undersjand city, but rather the nymph of the spring the whomwe find, at a later stage, invariably represented on
the tetradrachms and didrachms accompanied,sometimes,
by the legends 1MERA (retrograde)or 5OTHR, On a drachmof the Aeginetic,andon a few didrachms of the Attic standardthere occursthe legendIATON*
11Gabrici, op. cit., p. 25, No. 25,
NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE.
Thishasbeen explained Kinch andmyself12 thesense by in

of " the cured," somesuch word as avaQrjiJLa being understood, and Head favours this view.13 I would now submit
that we have in these unexplained letters part of the
omittedword,viz. ofXvrpov,or (in the moreusualplural form) \vrpa, " ransom" or " expiatory offerings,"and I will try to show how far this is supported the evidence by of extant coins. But I wish to say at the outsetthat thereis an inherentdifficulty in my way, caused the by indistinctness uncertaintyof manysigns,for the surand faceof thesecoins,notablyof the obverse, often very is
rough and coveredwith lumpy marks and striae, owing, presumably, to the primitive method of coining and the comparative thinness of the metal discs. In the first issue on the Attic standard,when the process had improved and
the flan had got thicker, theseimperfections disappear. "When badly struck coins are somewhat worn, it becomes doubly difficult to decipherthem. Although,
then, there can be no doubt as to the shapes the letters of
which occur more commonly-suchas V or V, VV or

VV-in regard to combinations of a more complicated kind I am, unfortunately, obliged to give my readings
with some reserve.
We find the most complete list of such signs in

Gabriel's exhaustive and excellent work, to which
I have such frequent occasion to refer. In the place where he gathers them into an orderly and con-
spicuous file,14 count-omitting, meanwhile, I dotted or globularmarks-ten varieties, the one after the tenth
12 Zdtschriftfur Numismatik, six., pp. 135 and 165, &c. vol.
13Num. Chron., vol. xiii., p. 233. 14Gabrici, op. cit., p. 33.
SUPPOSED SIGNS OF VALTJK ON EA.RLY COINS OF HIMERA.
f)
beinga reproductionof the fifth without the dot in the

field of the coin, I take the liberty to reproduce hero these signs in the order adopted by him and number
them for convenient reference :
i ' VV " VV " W

1. 2. 3. 4.
t/V v " V " TV ' V VT " vW ' V"

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
No. 5, it will be seen, gives us the initial

VVTRON, and No. 2 the first two letters.
of
No. 4 is
No. 2 retrograde, while No. 9 is No. 2 with V turned the

other way. Among the remaining six signs there are some of unmistakably monogramatic character. The combinations are, however, primitive, and never go beyond the attempt of joining two letters into one. Such monograms on early coins of Himera have been
noticed,and published,sometime beforethe appearance of Gabrici'swork. The most conspicuous among them (thoughit is not noticed by him), occurson a coin in the
British Museum collection,15^. viz. :

stands for HI ME.
should be noticed, as the bottom
Ofcourse, this
The imperfection of the combination

stroke of the E is
either entirely wanting, or is (more probably) intended to be expressed by a part of the divergent central upstroke of the M-
The catalogue of the British
Museum (No. 6 on
p. 76) gives also this combination: V4L- The sign on the right is certainly neither V nor T; but it may, I think, bean attemptto combine both letters,the V being
turned to the left and the T upside down, with the slanting direction of the cross-stroke continued from left
to right. Thus,with the sign on the left, we get the

15Brit. MHS. Cat., Sictly, p. 7<6, No. 4.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. C
10
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
first three letters of VVTRON. Again, we have perhaps the top stroke of a T, turned upside down, in Gabrici's No. 3, and this would give us the samesolution,
viz.: VVT. Combination No. 10 is from the coin
described under No. 18 of the British Museum Catalogue,
andthemonogram there morecorrectly is given as ^

the upper part of which would seem to consist of VV, and the lower of VT, which, would give VVVT> blundered for VYT. No. 8 is referred to as occurring on a " corrodedspecimen (esetnplare " corroso). This, of course, detracts much from the certainty of the reading, if it doesnot invalidate it completely. It is also attributed to No. 21 of the British MuseumCatalogue. But the coin is there differently described (viz., as reading HI ME).
No. 6 I canonly find in the text (page 25, No. 26), as

occurring on a coin at Paris and in Iinhoof-Blumer's collection in the form of Y*V (no"kTV), and this is corroborated by the coin as pictured on Plate II., No. 5. And since the top stroke of an unquestionedT on these
coins(compare in IATON) is a straight one,I seein it

its inclination ( an attempt to combine V and T in monogramaticfashion, as in No. 6 of the British Museum Catalogue already referred to, and with the samereading resulting therefrom, viz., VVT. There are now only two signs left, viz., Nos. 1 and 7. The first may be safely dismissed. It is not a letter, and has evidently been caused a little club-shapedlump of by metal adhering to the die. One of my coins showsa flaw of exactly the same formation. The other combination I am unable to explain as it stands, unless, indeed, the
lower sign V kas beencaused a partial shifting of the by

die. From the photographic reproduction (Plate II., "No. 7), I should say the coin was much worn, and I can
SUPPOSED SIGNS VALUE ON EARLY COINS HIMEJfcA. 11 OF OF
only detectVV abovethe cock. It should,perhaps,be

left out of account.
So much for the letters
on these coins.
As for the
globularmarkswhich occur singly, and in one instance

to the number of six, I separate them entirely from the letters, because, although bearing on the same subject,
theyarenot, in my opinion,connected them directly. with

For, in the first place, they hold a position in the field of the coin quite distinct from the letters. The latter
are found now on one side of the cock, and now on the
other; while the single globular mark occupies always the same position, being put close up to the cock, in the bend of its back. Thereby it is brought into an inti-
materelationto the bird offeredup to the goddess the of

healing spring, and, without any additional evidence, it
might be fairly assumed that this globulewas a sign of

sacrificial import. Perhaps I can support the assumption by further evidence.
There is an obol of somewhatlater times (though

much too early to admit of attribution to Thermae Himerenses), and of Attic weight, which was sold, not
very long ago, with the Boyne collection of Greek coins. The sale catalogue,compiledby a competent expert, describes thus: " O over cock to right, and it rev. bearded head of Heraclesin squareincuse/' This differs from Gabrici'sdescriptionof the obverse,for he says: " Gallostantea dr. sopra <?." I have not been ableto tracethe presentownerof the coin. But a careful examinationof it on Plate III. (No. 16) of Gabrici's work shows that the objectcloseto the back of the cock
is not 9, but O, asthere is absolutely space the no for

down stroke between the circle and the bird. There
appears indeeda very slight connection. This has beeu
12
M7MISMATIC CHRONICIE.
caused eitlier by an adhesion of the die, or, more probably, by some hard corrosion and dirt lodging in the
narrow space. Gabriei attributes the issueof the coin to a monetaryalliance betweenHim era and Croton;
hence he sees koppa in this sign. There are yet more a objections to his reading. Koppa with a central dot is exceedingly rare, and Garrucci gives only two instances,
both on staters of Croton, not on small coins. Nor is the
legend ever found confined to the mere initial of the city's name(with one exception, which will be accounted for presently); but it consistsof two letters at least, and usually of more.
But althoughthe sign cannotbe allowed be akoppa, to

various reasons favour the attribution of the little coin
to Hiinera and Croton.
In the first place, there are
certainly oneor two other small pieces whichwereissued jointly by thesetwo cities. The types, too, suit both places. And lastly, Croton in particular has left us
many such " alliance coins." Of these I will mention a few which possess special interest in connection with the subject.
1. Diobol. Obv.: Tripod and <?PO (mostly retrograde). CL\: Pegasuswith curled wings, flying; below9. The last letter may hardly be supposed to refer to Croton,sinceQPQ, the customaryform of the legend,appears alreadyon the obverse. It can, in my
opinion, refer only to an alliance between Croton and
Corinth (not necessarily monetaryone),for the reverse a

is typically Corinthian.
Thereexistsonecoinof this type in the collectionof the British Museum, whichhas on the obverseonly the letter <? beside the tripod (insteadof <?PO). This
appearsto be the only instance in which, on a coin of
SrPPOSED SIGNS VALUE ON E iKLY COINS HIMERA. 13 OF OF
Croton,we find the legendconfinedto the initial of the
city'sname. Theirregularityis, I think, satisfactorily

accounted by assumingthat the die-sinker, having for placedthe 9 (or rather P) on the reverse,repeatedit,
unintentionally perhaps, on the obversedie, and in copy-
ing mechanically, even he placed tail of theletter in the

that slanting direction in which it so often appears below Pegasus if he wascarrying it along with him in his (as
swift motion) ; a most unusual thing, as this stroke invari-
ably observes angleof forty-five degrees the tripod. an to

2. Obol. Obv.: Tripod between the letters KP. Rev.:
Hare running to right. Above and below it a circle.

Over the head of the hare, M
Struck by Croton in alliance with Messana. This
variety with the initial M seemsunpublished. The
circles correspond probably with the sign 0 on our

little coin, of which more presently. 3. Obol. Obv.: Tripod. Rev.: Wingless fulmen,
flanked double by circles with dotin centre: J(referred

to in the Catalogue the British Museumas "type of of
doubtful meaning ").
We cannotbe absolutely certain to which allied city

the reverse type refers. But if we seea thunderbolt in the central object, I should beinclined to attribute it to the not
distant Locri, on the silver statersof which city the head of Zeus4so constantlyappears,accompanied, unfrenot
quently, by a wingless thunderbolt. It is also the reverse
type of anotherLocrian stater, as well as of bronzecoins. Of course, these coinsdate from a later period than all
our obol. But if the Locrians of Bruttium claimed Zeus
in a special sense the guardian of their city (which as we may infer from their coin types), an allusion to the god on this alliance coin might be looked for. And,
14
indeed,we have this very reverserepeated a rare on Locrianobol,described thus on page 87 of the Hibtoria Numorum: (Obverse) A-O, eagle with closedwings.
(Reverse) Fulmen betweentwo annulets. JSTow, Fiitze has, in reference to certain coins of von Greeceproper, fairly shown that an annulet or circle with a central dot sometimes16 depictsand indicatesthe sacrificial patera.17 This view has been endorsed by Head.18 I
need,therefore,not hesitateto adopt the sameexplanation of it for the coins in question, and all the less so
because the double annulets with a central dot, such as we
find on one of them, give a much better picture of the patera than the single circle. These paterae may typify the ratification of the alliance of the cities by solemn
sacrifice.
As coin No. 2 may be reasonablyaccepted as an alliance coin, the two circlets, though by chance un-
providedwith a central globule, may be understood to

mean the same. Undoubtedly this explanation can be claimed as reasonablefor the sign O on the alliance coin of Himera and Croton with which we are primarily concerned, and retracing my stepsalong the line of argument to the dots on early pieces of Aeginetic weight which
16I say " sometimes," because the same sign undoubtedly signifies value, when it (as on some copper pieces Agrigentum of and Segesta,Brit. Mus. Cat., Sicily, p. 17, No. 110 and 112 ; p. 186, No. 50J takes the place of the ordinary dot. In these rare cases it may be either a mere ornamental variation, or it might, not improbably, be intended to suggestsacrifice as well
as value. It should be observed that the marks in one instance
(Sicily, p. 136,No. 50) havebeenaddedby subsequent punching, as if for some special occasion.
17Zeitschriftfur Numismatik, vol. xx., part i. 18Nwn. Chrvn., vol. xv., p. 320.
SUPPOSED SIGNS VALUE ON EARLY COINS H1MEKA. 15 OF OF
imariaUy occupy precisely the samepart of the field of the coin,I am forced, almost irresistibly, to the conclusion that
they are a somewhat primitive endeavourto depict or suggestthe sacrificialpatera,or its centralboss place in
of the whole patera.
To propose explanation the sign ", I haveonly an for

to take another step in the samedirection. The plurality
of globules mayindicatea greatersacrifice the goddess to

of the spring on some special occasion,while their manner
of disposition, with a centralglobule,might be intendedto suggestthe round of the sacred^>mX>7 its central and Certainearlycoinsof Macedonian citiessupplyus with a
parallel use of this symbol. On coins of Acanthus, of Aegae, and of Ichnae we find, indiscriminately,the dotted and the plain circle with the central globule.19 Since the latter has been concededto signify a patera, the conclusion that the former is simply a variation in shape isobvious and just. Formerly both signs used to be read as the letter theta. But this view is not supported by the evidence of the unique tetradrachm of Aenea with the group of Aeneas,Oreusa, Anchises and Ascanius, which
bearsthe dottedpateraas well as the nameof the city in the genitivecase.20 The symbolhas,here also, beensupposed to stand for the initial of a mint- magistrate. But this seemsdoubtful to me in view of the extremely remote period to which this remarkable coin is attributed (600 to 550 B.C.).
The conclusionarrived at, viz., that single globular

marks on early coins of Himera are not indicative of
19Zeitschrift far Numismatik, vol. vii., p. 9. 30Ib., p. 221.
16
value,may still appear strangeand hazardous. Strange

since such dots have never been, so far as I know understoodto meananything else. Hazardous,because]
havehithertoadduced onecoin (the alliance pieceoJ but Himera and Croton)in support of my contention,and because might seemunwarrantedto attribute several it
meanings to one sign. To deal with the la&t objection first-there are other instancesof the use of the sameobject by way of expressing different meanings. A triskelis on Sicilian coins
obviously refersto the islandunderits ancientappellation

of "Trinaeria," while on coins from other parts of the
Greekworld it is understood a solar sign. A wheel, as while usuallyalluding to chariot races,is in somecases regarded a symbolof sun-worship.21 radiate disk as A
doesnot always stand for sun or star, for on Greek-Italian coinswe find it used as a sign of value.22 A circle with a central dot serves as a letter of the alphabet, a mark of value, and, admittedly, asthe picture of a sacrificial vessel.
As regards second the objection (viz.,the supportof my

contention by the evidenceof but one coin), I am able to bring forward another and surer pieceof evidencein the
shape a coin of Lete from the Berlin collection,23 of where

the symbol O has taken the place of the pellet so constantly met with on the coins of that town. Von Sallet remarks judiciously on this occasion: " Das O ist kein
Buchstabe,sondernSymbol, das bekanntlich in jenen

Gegendenhaufig vorkommt." To take these globular marks on coins like those of
* Num. Chron., 1880, PL IY., 18 and 19. 23 Bnt. Mm. Cat., Italy, p. 82, Nos. 9 to 13. 33Beschreibung antiken Munzen, vol. ii., p, 94, No. 12. der
SUPPOSED SIGNS VALUE ON EARLY COINS HIMERA. 17 OF OF
Lete for signs of value is unwarranted,because they

occur in variable numbsrs on pieces of the same weight.
In order to get over this difficulty, it hasbeensuggested that the aggregate valueof thesemarkson an individual
coin wasnot determined by numbers, but size; in other words, that three big globules on one stater may be equal
to six small globuleson another. I am obliged to say

that this theory failed to convince me as soonas I put it to the test. It is true that the globules on coins of the same town do differ perceptibly in size. Thus the six
pellets on the first stater of Lete from the British

Museum Catalogueare remarkably small. Those on the
next arequitedoublethe size; but their numberremains equal to those on the first coin. If, then, thesesigns
cannot bejudged by size in the light of marks of value, the
proof that they are not indicative of value is complete. And
for the same reason>applied inversely, the pellet on early Himerean coins cannot be admitted to stand for the value of the piece, since it occurs singly on the drachm
as well as the obol-24
To the general objection, viz., that globular marks have always beeninterpreted as signs of value, I would submit a general consideration by way of an answer.
Whenwe speak globules signsof value,the first of as

picture presenting itself to our minds (provided we are interested in Roman as well as in Greek numismatics) is
probablythat of a specimen the aesgrave,a handsome of triensor quadrans,for there is here a certainty about the meaning theseboldmarksthat cannotbemistaken, of
every raised dot being a picture in miniature of the
uncia. The method of expressingby means of dots

34Gabrici, p. 25, No. 25.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIKS. I)
18 fractions
ITOMISMATIC CHRONICLE. of the obol and litra on small silver coins and
bronze tokens had been customary with the Greek cities
of Italy and Sicily long beforethe states Central Italy of

began to cast their heavy bronze pieces. But along with this system there obtained in these cities another of marking silver and gold coins, according to which the
single globule expressed valueof that silver piece the

which servedconveniently for ordinary computations and transactions. That coin was for Sicily, as well as for most of the southern cities of Italy, the one which we
may, overlooking numerousbut comparativelyslight fluctuationsin weight,designate the stater according as

to the standard of Corinth.
To give some examplesof either system:-The single globule, as the stater mark, appears thus on an early unpublished didrachm of Tarentum in my collection, being placed behind a female head with a long plait of hair. Small silver pieces of the same city, though of later times, are, on the other hand, frequently marked
with dots to denote the number of small bronze tokens
obtainable in exchange for the silver coin. Again, on most of the small gold pieces of Agrigentum there occur two dotted marks, indicating that the piece is equal to two ten-litra pieces or staters ; while on small silver
coins we find the marks of value X and !, viz., five and
two unciae. Similarly, the reverse of a Syracusan silver tetras of the earlier transitional period bears four dots. Electrum pieces of the time of Timoleon are marked
with three globules,being equal to three Corinthian

staters,and we meet with the single pellet on some silver
statersof the same period. Prom such facts it may be reasonably inferred that, althoughthe silver litra formed the basisof issue,theoreticallyand practically, for all
SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON EARLY COINSOF HIMERA,
19
Sicilian coins,the ten-litra piece served as the common coin of accountfor ordinary transactions down to a comparatively late date.
For a limited period, viz., shortly before and after 400 B.C., anothermode seems have been adopted, yet to accordingto which the single globule indicated the
largest silver coin of a city's issue. I am, of course, referring to some of the Syracusan fifty-litra pieces by Evaenetus, and as some of the hundred-litra pieces in gold are marked with two globules, it can hardly be doubted that they are in both cases signs of value. According to the same principle, Evaenetus places this mark on the reverse of the largest silver coin of Catana, in this instanceonly a twenty-litra piece; viz., the famous coin on which Nike bears aloft the tablet signed with his
name.
Now there
are one or two
coins
which
seem to con-
trovert this theory. One of these is a tetradrachm of Leontini, presumably struck about 450 B.C.,which shows three small pellets over the lion's head.25 These dots cannot be interpreted as marks of value, since division by three of a tetradrachm of Attic weight will, approximately, produce a drachm of the Aeginetic standard,
abolishedin Sicily long before this coin was struck. Here, then, we havefresh evidence that globularmarks
do not necessarilydesignate the value of a coin. From
the smallness of the dots I would look ou them, in this
case, merely as some private mark of a die-engraver* Another coin that doesnot seem to fit in with my observations is the early ten-litra piece of Selinus which, in someinstances,shows two pellets beside the stalk of the
25Brit. Mus. Cat., Sicily, p. 89, No. 27.
20
leaf. If these marks stood for signs of value, the coin of common account at Selinus must, at that period, have been the five-litra piece or Attic drachm, not the stater.
This supposition I think, renderedimprobable the is, by

circumstance that no drachms are known to have been
struck, but only the stater and small divisions of it. The pellets on this coin, like others which bear a leaf or twig, may very well depict the berries or seedsof the plant.
These generalconsiderations, though containinglittle, if anything, new,serveto definemy positionin regardto

the marks on the Himerean coins, since they show what
theseglobulescannotbe, viz., signs of value. If they

were, we could, whether they be coins of the Aeginetic or any other standard, in no way account for the circumstance,already referred to from another point of view,
that the singlepellet occursboth on the large andthe

small pieces, as, apart from the contradiction implied therein, this does not agree with the known methodsof expressingvalue on Sicilian coins. I may now be permitted to offer a few general remarks on the subject of the circle with the central dot. If some, like Professor Gardner, have recognised in this object a sign of a solar character, I might say that I do not-at least, not fundamentally-differ from this
view,as I holdthe plain disk-shaped patera, sacrificial the

vessel par excellence, partake of a cosmic meaning; to
that it is emblematic-just asmuch as the altar nameof thoseglowing orbs,the adorationof which goesback beyond historicalrecords the oldenEast. the of
When the coins of Mallus, Issus, and other cities bring us into immediate touch with this star worship of the
East, wenaturally recognise circlespictures of these in
SUPPOSED SIGNS VALUE ON EARLY COINS H1MEKA. 21 OF OF
orbs. Yet, in such cases, they usually occur in conjunc-
tion with wings,which are attachedeither to the orb or the figure that bears Sometimes circle is, in addiit. the
tion, furnished with a starry pattern, changing it, thereby,
into an ordinary solaror astral picture. To take, as an

instance, a well-known coin of Mallus, on which we see a
wingeddeity holding with both handsa starry disk. He is usually described kneelingor-after the manner of as
numerous coins of an earlier date-running. It might, also,be conceivedthat the whole figure, along with the disk, is meant to convey the idea of aerial, that is, in the case a star, rotatory motion. The god or star seems the of in act of rising from the line of the easternhorizon on which
he still restswith one knee. Grasping the disk firmly,

he appearsto seek, and find, his centre of gravity around which, with opening pinions, he will speed and revolve. The idea of rising seemsmore clearly expressed a rare on stater of Issus depicted on page 145, in the fourth volume of the Zeitschrift fur Numismatik, and thus described in
the Historia Numorum :
" Half-figure of the god Ormuzd
rising from a winged disk," &c. In this casethe disk is formed by a circle with a central pellet.26 In addi-
tion to the wings there is attachedto the orb a spiral*

shapedobject, which we find also on some of the staters of Mallus just referred to, where it is not, however, affixed to the disk, but to the top of the god's head. I am not aware that this object has been, explained, nor does it
26A cast in my possessionshows that the coin has not been quite correctly reproduced m the Zeitschrift, inasmuch as the circle there appearsdouble. It is, however, onebroad and wellraised circular rim, and the hollow part round the central dot is deeply scooped out, so that the whole presents a very perfect picture of a round bowl provided with an umbilicated bottom.
22
seemeasy offer a satisfactory to explanation. We may,

however, look for one in two directions; either, in that of the appearance and nature of a star, or under the aspect of its action or motion. In the first direction nothing, so
far as I can see, could be suggested, that the spiral but

might bemeant to indicate the train of a comet. But this idea must, I think, be at once dismissed,as its shapedoes not correspond with any of these astral appendages. Attempting to find a solution in the other direction, there
presents itself the obvious idea that curving lines usually

suggest motion. Especially, I venture to think, would they express this in conjunction with heavenly bodies.
And this host, as it rises, moves on and sets with diminish-
ing orbits in shortening days, and again enlarging them as the seasonof the new year advances, seemsto circle round the earth with a ceaseless spiral motion. Thus, while the wings attached to the orb on the coin of Issus convey the idea of movement, the spiral or volute might be supposed add that of the order and direction inherent to
in that motion.
At any rate it will, I think, be conceded that motion as such is intended to be expressed the spiral object, as a by
clear and corroborative illustration of this view is fur-
nished by the rarecoin of DicaeaBTo.1, on Plate I. of the Numismatic Chroniclefor 1893. The obversetype of this interesting piece consists of a cock, a sun disk, and a
spiral or volute. This, surely, may be interpreted as

" PhoebusApollo rising with the dawn." Two volutes are commonly attached to the most typical
emblem of motion, the thunderbolt, on Elian coins; and the "disk of Ormuzd," as shown on the coin No. 9 of
Plate Y,, of the Numismatic Chronick for 1884, appearsto be provided with two spiral objects. If the above-men-
SUPPOSED SIGNS YALTTE EARLY COINS HLMERA. 23 OP ON OF
tioned stater of Issus were in a better state of preserva-
tion, the same wingeddisk, from which the figure of the god rises, wouldprobably showthe other volute. This mayalsoapply to the coin of Mallus,as Fig. 3 of Plate
G-,of Imhoof-Blumer's Monnaies Grecques shows.
Theobjectending in a doubletendril, which is sometimes found attached to the head oi the Sphinx or the
Harpy,27 may be intended simply for a kind of plumed crest,forming part of the outfit of the fantasticcreature,
like the cockscomb on the second head of the Chimaera
on somecoins of Sicyon. It differs from the volutes of the coin types of Tssusand Mallus, inasmuch as it seems to rise in one stem, the top of which divides into a double
volute.
After having gone far in identifying, by meansof the so

coin of Issus,the picture of a patera with that of an astral body, I cannot but regret that I am unable to advance a step farther. I had hoped to adduce reasons,by means
of the uniquecoinon page136of the catalogue Maceof

donian coins in the British Museum, since re-attributed to Gyrene,that the circle with the central pellet, while
yet retaining its significance an astral sign, might also as

partake of the character of the sacrificial vessel. But, on comparing the original with the picture, I find that the
objectin the hand of the wingedfigure, as shownby the

cut, can hardly, if at all, be perceived. Indeed, I doubt if
it exists.
I maynowbriefly summarise viewson the subjectof my

the inquiry thus: The coin figured at the head of this
paper,whichbearsa cockand the legendV V H1, conveys the idea that the bird is an offering to the nymph
27Num. Chron., 1887, PL IV., Nos. 23 and 29.
24
Himera. This meaningis, on some specimens, emphasizedby the hieratic signet of one globular mark,
and in one caseby several,meant to suggest the sacri-
ficial <m\>7, the emblem priestly functions. as of

ProfessorCurtius28and others have argued with much show of reason that the priests were the sole moneyers and bankers in the earlier stages of Greek civilisation.
It is difficult to define how far this cult of view can be
accepted. But the early coinage of Himera, the invariable theme of which is the local the fountain
nymph, seems point to such an origin. to I would clinch the last argument by pointing out that we meet with the inscription. VA on a didrachm of Oamarina, where it appears below the head of Hipparis (Brit. Mm. Cat., Sicily, p. 37, No. 18). Read from left to right theseletters do not, as far as I can ascertain, suggestany
name that is known to occur on coins. "We must, there-
fore, read them retrograde; just as we sometimes find the namesof Hipparis and Camarina written from right to
left. The signatureson thesecoins arethoseof artists,

not magistrates' names. Now, not only is an artist AV . . . unknown, but it is reasonablycertain that this
coin, like the signedpiece with the facing headof Hipparis, is by Evaenetus. All are agreedthat thesebeautiful pieces,pre-eminent among Sicilian coins, are the direct expressionand result of a local cult, so that I venture to hope I shall not be
thought fanciful in bringing the letters AV or VA into

relation with the votive character of the type by inter-
preting them,hereas at Himera,as AVfrpoi/].

E. J. SELTMANN.
38Num. Chron., 1870, p. 91, &c.
II.
OINOANDA : A NEW GREEK MINT.
(See Plate I.)
ON the northern border of Lykia, about the head-waters of the rivers Indos and Xanthos, lay a group of three
cities, Balboura, Boubon, and Oinoanda. The district
was originally subject Kibyra, or rather, the three to

towns which I have mentioned went with Kibyra to form a tetrapolis. But we are told that in 81 B.C.,when Murena suppressed tyrant Moagetesof Kibyra, he transthe ferred Balboura and Boubon to Lykia.1 It seems almost certain that Oinoanda, although not mentioned in this connection, was transferred at the same time. It lay nearer to the Lykian border than the other two cities which are mentioned, and had it not been joined to Lykia, would have been completely isolated. Further, inscriptions from TTrludja, the site of Oinoanda,prove that both Oinoandaitself, and also Termessosnear Oinoanda, were members of the Lykian ROIVQV later times.2 in
Stephanus Byzantinuss.v.Qivoavta has: Tro'Xi? Aimas,

A.DKLOLKWV.TO iQvucov Olvoavfievs.
1 Strabo ilii. 681. The date of Murena's reorganization oi the district is rightly given by Treuber, Gesck.der LyJder, p. 174, as 81 B,C.,not 84 B.C. * The evidenceis summed up by Treuber, 1. c.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. E
26
The reference the Lykian history of Alexander to Polyhistor, who was a contemporary of Sulla, shows that Oinoanda wasprobably Lykian in the first century B.C. Hitherto, of the three Kibyratic cities, Balboura and Boubon have been represented by a bronze coinage, but no issue of any kind has been associatedwith Oinoanda. The coin which is now published was struck at Oinoanda, probably late in the third or early in the secondcentury B.C.,and is of great importance, both as being the sole representativeof the coinageof that city, and as throwing considerable light on another series of coins with which we shall presently deal. Its description is as follows :Obv. Headof Zeusto r., laureate behind,sceptre. ;
Eagle standing to r
shield combined ; to 1., I".
? on
thunderbolt ; in field, to r., sword and circular
Didrachm. 125*7 grains(8*14grammes). [PI. L 1.]
The style of the work, though very good in its way, is

late, and so too are the forms of the letters; but the piece can hardly be placed later than the first half of the second century. The symbol, consisting of sword and shield combined, is found elsewhere; for instance, on the coinageof the Lykian Olympos and Kyaneai, struck during the period of the league. Types similar to those of this didrachm occur, not indeed combined,but separately,on certain bronze coins of a later date, with the legend TEPMHZZEIiN. The chief varieties requiring to be mentioned here are :-
OIXOANDA : A NEW GREEK MINT.
27
1. Qbv.-Head of Zeus to r, Rw.-TEPMHZZET1N.
laureate; behind, sceptre. Winged thunderbolt.
(Oflater style than on the coin of Oinoanda). [PI. I. 2.]

2. Obv.-Bust of Hermes to r., in petasos; behind, cadueeus. Jfct.-TEPMHZSEHN.
caduceus.
Eagle standing to r., on
[PL I. 8.] In addition to these, it will be useful, before proceeding further, to mention two other classesof bronze coins :3. Obv.-Head of Apollo to r., laureate. Rev.-TEP or TEPMHZZEQN, sometimes accomNo. 1,
panied a monogram. Lyre (kithara). by

In fabric the coins of this class resemble
[PI.1- *.]
4. A seriesreading on the reverse, TEP O|, as follows :-
(a) 0&v.-Head of Apolloto r.

fiev.-Lyre (kithara)
(Imhoof-Blumer, Munz.,No. 547,PI. XL 9.) Or.

(b) Obv.-Beardless head to r. Bev.-Horse galloping to r. (Ibid., No. 548, PL XL 8.)
(c) Obv.- Headof Tiberiusto r.

Rev.-Horse galloping to 1.
[PL I. 5.]
All these classes coins had, until the appearance of of

Dr- Imhoof-Blumer's GriechischeMunzen in 1890, been
attributed, and naturally, to Termessos, Pisidia; in the letters Ol had occasionally beenread 01, and taken
28
for a date. Imhoof-Blumerrecognised that our fourth
class belonged Termessos, Oinoanda,colony to near a of

the greaterTermessos, which is mentioned Stephanus by
Byzantinus,3and wasknown as "
Little Termessos."
These four classes coinsarenot suitedby their fabric of

to the Pisidian Termessos, On the other hand, classes
(1) and (2) by their types,and class (4) by its inscriptions, are associated with Oinoanda; while class(3) by its types (Head of Apollo, and kithara) would seemto belong to a member of the Lykian KOIVQV. The evidence is, I
think, strongenoughto provethat theseclasses coins of

must be removed from Great to Little Termessos. The
same course should perhaps be taken with two bronze coins, of which the description is as follows :5. Obv. - Bust of Artemis to r
, quiver behind shoulder.
Rev. TGP. Nudemale figure(Hermes standing 1.; ?) to in 1.chlamys, r. cadueens in (?), [PL L 7.]
6. Obv, - Bust of Artemis to r.
Rev. Humped bull to 1., head facing. -
[PL I. 6.] The fabric and the obverse type of thesecoins are not unsuitable to the northern part of the Lykian district, and it is difficult to connectthem with the Pisidian city.
The removal of these coins from the Greater Termessos
has the advantageof leaving that city with a coinageof a very distinct and homogeneous character, which is typi* Tp/ii7<r<ros, Ilicrio/as. rri KCU ?roXis aAX-fy TaurusOWTOIKOS KO! awry k<n2/a$, AeyojLici/77 <us Trporepa /UK/DO, % /ieia>v. Cf. Eustathius ad Dionysii Per. v. 857.
OINOANDA: A NEW GREEK MINT.
29
fied, for the period concerningus, by the specimens given (PL I. 8, 9).
Where was this "Little Termessos" to which it is pro-
posedto attributethesecoins? Accordingto Stephanas

it, too, wasin Pisidia. But if so, it must at least have
been situated in the extreme west of Pisidia, and on
the northern border of Lykia.
For there are at Oinoanda
a number of inscriptionswhich mention Tep^ffffeLôl TTjOos OiVoavSoi?, which makeclear two facts: first, and
that Oinoanda itself was the political centre of the inhabitants of Little Termessos; second, that the Ter-
messians were members of the Lykian KQWQV*
Messrs. Holleaux and Paris, who havepublishedthe inscriptionsin question,4 of opinion that Oinoanda are
and Little Termessosstood on the same site. But, as
Peter sen5points out, the site near Urludja is too small

to be divided between two cities. Petersen looks for the
site of Little Termessos one of the passes in over the Erbel
Dagh or GiibeleDagh, on the road from Oinoandato

Great Termessos. Finally, Heberdey and Kalinka, the
latest visitors to the district,6 claim to have found the
ruins about an hour's journey north of Oinoanda, on the
right bankof the SeidlerTchai,or Xanthos. Theseruins have yieldedno inscriptions,in spite of carefulsearch. The explorers add, " As hasbeenpointed out in Le Bas-Waddington(VoyageArch., 1232), the
words of Strabo(xiii., p. 631: 17
$ fJiaXiaTCt eyyiora UTrepKeifjLevY] KOL T^S* Bull. Corr. Hell, 1886, p. 216. 5 Betsenin Lyfaen, ii., p. 178. 6 Bericht uber zwei Reisen in S.W. Ekinaden* Wien, 1896, p. 55,
30
are excellently suited to this position, although the author, through a confusion, refers them to Termessos Major/7
The precise positionof Little Termessos cannot,however, be said to be certainly determined. Of the two commtinities Oinoandawasdoubtless the moreimportant, although Termessos possessedBoule,Demos, a and Gerousia
of its own, and was therefore autonomous within certain
limits. Imhoof-Blumer suggestsas parallel instancesthe combined communities of Plarasa and Aphrodisias, in Karia, and of Kremna and the Keraitai, in Pisidia. But the coins of those communities show by their legends (HAAPAZEiiN KAI A^POAISIEIIN; KPHMNEflN KAI KEPAEITQN) that the parties occupied equal positions, and had a common coinage, which does not seemto have beenthe casehere. In fact the coinages of Oinoandaand of Little Termessos were, so far as we can
see, qtdtedistinct, though related.

G. R HILL,
III. ON A COIN OF HIERAPYTNA, IN CRETE, HITHERTO

WRONGLY ATTRIBUTED.
IN the JRevue Numismatique 1888,1and subsequently for in his work on Crete,2M, J. N. Svoronospublished a bronze coin, which he describesas follows:Obv.-Head of a goddessto right. Itev.-PI-A. Date-palm.
Thenames variousCretantownsbeginwith the letters of

flA, viz., Patta, Panormos, Pannona,Pantromatrion, and Paraesos, M. Svoronos and attributes this coin to Pannona,a
townmentioned Ptolemy.* And taking the passage by of Scylax,4 TTjOoy fiopeav avepov oposKaSuaroi/ Xijji'ijv ev KOI
avrto *Q\o$$ Kal Tlav ... to have reference to this, he undertakes to complete the text by the words, KCU
Tlav(vovaTroXts),inasmuch as, the geographical position (TT/>O? |3opeai/ aj/e/xoi/of Lyttus) agrees with the
position fixed by Ptolemy for Pannona.
But this attribution is not well founded, because, if one
1 1888, p. 870, PL XVIL, No. 6. * Num. de la CreteAncienne, 1890, p. 262, No. 1, PL XXII.,
No, 33.
3 in., 17, 10. Periplus, p. 47.
32
examinesattentively the first letter of the coin in ques-
tion, which is given by M. Svoronos his work,5 will in it

be seen that it is not fl, but I, as is clearly shownby the
following coin, in everyrespect similar, in my own collection :-
Obv,-Female head to right. Rev.-I A. Date-palm ; border of dots.
The attribution of the coin to Pannona being therefore untenable,we must look elsewherefor its placeof origin, and I have no hesitation in saying that it is Hierapytna,
in Crete. As an additional indication that this view is
the correctone, I give herethe figure of anotheralmost similarbronze coin belonging my collection to :Obv.-Head of Jupiter to left. Rev.-Date-palm betweenthe letters I - ft, for 'lap which stand
The Doric form laposfor teposis so well knownthat it needsno justification. The Cretantown which the
otherGreeks called^lepavrerpav^lepairvrvav evior was

dently called by the Doric Cretans 'lapaTrerpaor
5 PL XXIL, No. 33.
ONA COINOF HIERAPYTNA, CRETE. IN
33
Moreover,I think that the spelling of the name'lepaTrurya with the letter a is easilydiscernible also in the followingcoin of Hierapytna,whichbearsthe head
of Zeus and a date-palm, exactly as No. 2 :Obv.- Head of Zeus to left ; border of dots.
Rev. Date-palm between monogram left, andan the HP

aplustre right ; border of dots.
In my opinion the only correct and natural analysis

of this monogram is IAPAFIY. M. Svoronos reads it
IPAFIY, justifying this reading by a conjecture that

seemsimprobable. He suggests, that as the Hierapytnians were generally obliged, for want of spaceon such bronze coins, to make use of monograms, they likewise, for want of space, omitted the letter E.5 But it was surely possible to arrange the monogram in such a way as not to omit a letter principally indicative of the name.
M. Svoronos further ascribes Pannona following to the

coin,7 a reproduction of which, however, he does not publish :Obv. Date-palm. Rev. n A. Date-palm.
But having carefully examined coin, which is exthe

hibited in the National Numismatic Museumin Athens, 6 Svoronos, Num.dela Crete Ancienne, 301. p.
7 Ib., p. 252, No. 2.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. 1
34
KUMISMATIO CHRONICLE. Its left limb
I cannot admit that the first letter is fl-
is not discernible, and I am rather inclined to suppose
that it is A- But however that maybe, the coincannot belong to Pannona, and mustbe ascribed some to other
Cretan town.
With respect to the third coin attributed to Pannona by M. Svoronos,8 which bears a date-palm on both sides without any inscription whatsoever,it is, I think, unnecessaryto add anything, considering that the only ground for this attribution is the type of the coin, which, it must be observed, is not peculiar to the coins of
Hierapytna, is to be found alsoon the coinsof other but

towns of Crete.
Pannona must, for the present at least, be excluded

from Cretan numismatics. J. P. LAMBROS.
ATHENS,November, 1896.
8 Svoronos,Num. de la Ciete Ancienne, p. 252, No. 3, PL XXII., No. 32,
IY.
EAEE AND UNPUBLISHED
IN MY
EOMAN
GOLD
COINS
COLLECTION.
(See Plate II.)
[THE following notes on the rare and unpublishedEoman gold coins in his collectionwere compiled by Mr. Montagu
shortly before his death. They are now published with the consent of his widow. It is a somewhat touching circumstance that not only is this the last numismatic work by our late Vice-President, but it is probably his last writing of any kind whatsoever. He was engaged on these notes on the eve of his illness, and they were found just inside the drawer of his writing-table as casually thrown in by him. Mr. Montagu's object was to place on record what had not been published in Cohen's Monnaies I'Mnpire Romam, 2nd de edit., which he took as the basis of his descriptions, to correct any misdescriptions, and to discuss any important points connected with the coins which may not have been previously
noticed.
It is unfortunate that these notes must remain incomplete. The collection is now dispersed all over Europe, and many fine specimens,in fact most of the finest and rarest, are now in America. Those who are acquainted with the excellent Sale Catalogue of this portion of Mr. Montagu's collection will
notice that he had only succeeded hali accomplishing in his

task. The collection numbered in all 1,291 lots, and the last coin which is noticed here occurs in lot 646. Moreover, a glance at the Cataloguewill show that in the secondhalf there is a greater proportion of unpublished coins than in the first
half, and amongsttheseis includedhis fine seriesof Medallions, aboutwhich he would have written copious notes. Eeferenceshave been given to the lots in ihe SaleCatalogue, in which the coins occurred, and to these have been
addeda plate illustrating the more important pieces. With theseexceptions notesstandalmost preciselyas Mr. Monthe tagu left them.]
36
AOTONIA. 1. Oh.-M. ANT. tor. AP.-CAESAE IMP. PONT. HI. YIE. E. P. C. IMP. AVG. HI. TIE. E. P. 0. M.
E:-A-E'EAT.
Q. P.
Head of Mark Antony
Headof Octavius r. 122 grs. [No. 61.]1 to On this piece(cf.Babelon,2 50), struck under the authority of 31. Barbatius,one of the quaestors the army of Lucius of Antonius, the youngest brother of Mark Antony, on the reconciliation of the latter with Octavius, the die engraver has most peculiarly misspeltand punctuated the quaestor's
name, whichappears EABEAT, instead BAEBAT. as of

This variety has not been previously described.
2. 0fo.-M. ev.-COS. ANTONIYS DIISIG. M. ITHE. F. M. N. AVGVE. IIT. T3IET. in. IMP. VIE.
TnET (sic}. Head of Mark Antony to r.
E. P. 0, Head of Octaviato r. 123grs. [No.

63.]
This beautiful coin of excessiverarity at any time, but
uniquein its readingof the two I's throughoutfor E, is

referred to by M. Babelon (No. 70), but as no engraving of it is given by him, I think it well to include it in my descriptions. It was formerly in the possession the of Comte du Chastel, but appears to have been privately disposed by him to a dealer before the sale of his coins of
in May, 1889. M. A. de Longperier shows, his in

article in the Revue Numismatiquey 1856, p. 73, et seqq.,
that towards endof the Republicthe doubleI for the the

letter E was in vogue both on inscriptions and coins, and
1 The numbers within brackets refer to the lots in the Sale
Catalogue of this collection. " Monnaiesde la Repullique Romaim, 2 vols., 1885.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMANGOLD COINS,
37
Babelon instances the coins of T. Cariaius struck in Spain,
bearing name thetownIIMIIEITA for EMERITA the of

(seealsoan article by Bompois,Rev. Num., 1868,p. 75).
It is probable that my pieceis the sameas that given

by Eckhel (Doct.Num. Vet.,vol. vi., p. 46), who states
that it was formerly in the possession A. Lefroy, an of
Englishman, had been describedby Philippo Venuti and

in a
" small work " published at Leghorn.

ANTONI. ITEE. M. F. M. N. AVG. IMP. AESIGN. TEET. III. TEET.
3. Otv.-M. Rev.-COS.
Head of Mark Antony to r.

VIE. E. P. C.
Head of Mark Antony, junior, to r.
122 grs.
[No. 65.] PL IL 1. The aureus of this type in the Berlin Museum, described by Babelon (No. 92), was, I believe, consideredto
be uniqueuntil the discovery my piece,which is in'the of finestcondition. The legendsbeing very distinct, I am
enabledto correct a slight error in the reading given "by
M. Babelon from the former substituted for ANTONIVS. coin. ANTONI should be The use of the Greek delta
for the EomanD betraysthe Easternorigin of this piece.

4. Olv.-ANT. AVG. III. VIE. E. P. 0. Praetorian
sailing galley.
j0e.-LEG. VI. Legionaryeagle between two military ensigns. 124 grs. [No. 54.] Plate II. 2.
This uniquecoin,included (Lot 69) in the saleof the collection the Vicomtede Quelen,May, 1888,wasforof merly in the collectionof Prince Hercolaniat Bologna.
It was found in the excavations at San Lazzaro, near
Bologna,in 1883 (videNotme degll Scamdi Antiehitd, February,1883). Although the silver legionarycoinsof
38
Mark Antony are, for the most part, of very common occurrence, everyaureus knownis uniqueof its kind. In the British Museum one the 4th legion,in the Berlin is of
Museum one of the 14th legion, and Mionnet mentions,
probablywithout good grounds, of the 19th legion. one

A false (probably a cast) example of the 21st legion is mentioned by Babelon, and the only other aureus of any similar type known is the unique CHORTIVM PRAETORIARYM piece in the British Museum. The slightly excessiveweight of my piece, which is somewhat worn, may be ascribedto the well-known tendency on the part of Roman generals to favour their soldiers in that respect. This was particularly the case in the East, where most of these pieces must undoubtedly have been
struck.
COBJSTELIA.
5. Olv*-Laureate head of Jupiter to r. Rev.-ON. LENTYL (NT in ligature). Eagle, withoutspread wings on a thunderbolt. 121 grs. [No. 15 ] Plate n. 3.
This piece, which would appear to belong to On. Corn. Lentulus Marcellinus, was purchased by me at the Borghesi sale,1893. Babelon described type (Cornelia,57) the
from the example the Bibliotheque in Nationale, formerly

in the Modena Cabinet, which he stated to be unique. If it was struck, as is probable, on the occasion the war of
against Mithridates, it was the only aureus issuedat

Rome before Caesar.
JULIA.
6. 0Sf?.-0. CAESAR DICT. PERP. PONT. MAX. (the

letters !NT and MA of the last two words in
ligature).
Laureate head of Julius Caesarto r.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS.
39
Hev.-G.
CAESAR COS. PONT. (NT in ligature) AYGK Bare head of Octavius to r. 125 grs.
[No. 37.]
This type, of which I have an ordinary example,is

well known, but the coin describedby me differs in having the heads on both sides of considerably larger dimen-
sionsthan is depictedeither in Babelon (Julia, 64), or than appears any other piece that I haveseen. The on workmanship somewhatsuggests an Eastern origin, althoughthe weight is identical with that of the ordinary piece.
PETRONIA. 7. Obv.-TVKPILIANVS in . VIE . FERO. Bust of
the goddessFeronia to r. Rev.-AVGFVSTVS. A wreath of oak, between two
branchesof laurel; in the middle O.O.S (Ob civesservatos), 125grs. [No. 82.]
This piecediffers from that struck by P. Petronius

Turpilianus, described by Babelon (No. 3) from the aureus formerly in the Riccio collection, in having the two laurel brancheson the reverse. It is possible, how-
ever, that the author erred in his description,owingto his not having the original coin beforehim, particularly
as there is a further slip in the spelling of the name of the Sabine goddess, which appearson the illustration.
as FERO and in the text as FERON. It is noteworthy that my coin,which formed Lot 341 of the De Quelen sale,is also inaccuratelydescribedin the catalogueas
being inscribed FERON.
8. Olv.-As the last.
2lev.-As the last, but the word CAESAR appears above the oak wreath. 123J grs. [No. 83.]
40
NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE.
This coin was obtainedby me at the Borghesi sale,

Eome, 1893. It wasdescribed in the catalogueas being
unpublished unique,and as having beenacquiredby and

Borghesi from the Cavaliere Carelli in 1813. It occurs
forcibly to me that it is more than probablethat the original inscription the die of this type is CAESAR on
AYGYSTVS in every case, but that on the preceding
coin, andalsoon the piece describedby Babelon(No.7),

the top of the die overlapped the flan. It is also to be noticed that the word AYGrVSTYS has, in like manner, owing to the shifting of the flan in the oppositedirection, almost disappearedfrom the bottom of the coin. Since writing this I have seen in the possessionof MM. Eollin and Feuardent another example, also inscribed
CAESAE AYGVSTYS,which further confirms sugmy

gestion.
OCTAVITISAUGUSTUS. 9. oiv>-S.P.Q.E. jta,._YOT. OAESAEI AYGYSTO. Bare head of I. 0. M.
the Emperor to r.
P. SYSC. PEG. SAL. ET EED.
SAGE. Mars to 1., with his mantle on his arm,
and holding a vexillum and a parazonium. 121Jgrs. [No. 89.] This differs from the piece inaccurately describedby Cohen (No. 324) as being of silver instead of gold, and in
havingthe circularlegend the reverse on continued beneath

the standing figure of Mars. I have also an example of the ordinary type describedby Cohen,on which the legend breaks off very distinctly and designedly on either side of the figure. Whether this figure is that of Mars, as described by Cohen, is, to my mind, more than doubtful,
having regardto the nature of the inscriptionsurround-
41
Ing it. I shouldconsiderit muchmoreprobable that it

was intended to represent Augustus himself with the attributes of the warlike god, and that the coin wasstruck at the time when the Emperor was seriously ill at Tarraco. An apparently similar piece (Cohen, 320) has PR. instead of PRO., and the so-calledfigure of Mars looks to
the right instead the left. of

10. 032?.-AVGVSTVS DIVI F. Bare head to r.
Jto.-IMP. XII.
Bull to r. 122 grs. [No. 93.]
This variety is describedby Cohenin silver only (No.

158). 11. Olv.-Laureate head of the Emperor to r. No legend.
Rev.-CAESAR AYG-VSTVS. Two laurel branches.
120 grs. [No. 102.] The reverseof this unpublished variety resembles, all in
but the positionof the words composing inscription, the

the obverse of Cohen, No. 206.
12. Qlv.-DIVYS AVG-YSTVS. Radiate head to r.
Rev*-PAX.
Peaceto L, holding in her right hand a
caducous; in her left, three ears of corn and a
poppy-head. Ill grs. [No. 103.] Plate II. 4. This very fine and probably unique aureus is believed
to have been found in the Netherlands. It resembles the
example in the British Museum (Cohen, 221), but reads
PAX instead PAX P.R. With the formerlegendit of

was published by Morell, which is a tribute to the accuracy of this author, who was, in the words of Baron d'Ailly, the only really conscientiousauthor on Roman coins before Eckhel, and up to the middle of the
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. G
42
eighteenthcentury. The style and fabric of this coin is not Augustan,and though it is clearly struck after
the Emperor's death, I had come to the conclusion that it should be relegated to Gralba or his time, before consulting Cohen, who, I find, makes a like suggestion in connectionwith a denariusof a somewhat
similar type and fabric (No, 220). It is just possible

that it may have been struck during the interregnum betweenthe reigns of Nero and Galba, or as an autonomous Roman coin in accordance with the views expressed the by Ducde Blacas(Rev.Num. NouvelleSerie,tomevii. p. 217j. Another piece of very similar design and origin is de-
pictedby Cohen (No.109),and is in the FrenchCabinet.

The author rightly, in my opinion, also ascribesthis to the time of Gralba,as the features of the deceasedemperor are somewhat similar to his. The same remark applies
to my piece,and as Cohen(No. 109) describes coin a bearingthe reverse legendHISPANIA while mine has
PAX, both coins may have been struck in celebration of
the peace established Galbawith some the Spanish by of

tribes with whom the name of Augustus wasin someway connected. Could, for instance,such a peace have been concludedat Saragossa, ancient Caesaraugusta the ?
TIBERIUS.
13. 05*7.-TI.
DIVI
AYGYSTYS.
Laureate
head to r.
Jta>.-TR POT. XXXI. [No. 119.]
holding a diadem.
Victory seatedon a globe,

A half-aureus. 61 grs.
This is of the ordinarytype,but unpublished, this of year of tribunitian power. The coin described Cohen by is from the AncienCatalogue only.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED "ROMAN GOLD COINS. 14. Oh.-TI. Rev.-TE. CAESAR
Laureate
43
BIVI
AYG.
F.
AYGYSTYS. A half
Lead to r.
POT. XXXYIIL
Same as the last.
aureus. 61 grs. [No. 121.] Unpublished of this year.

CALIGULA 15. Obv.-0. CAESAJi AND AUGUSTUS, AYG. PON. M. TE POT. HI.
COS.in.
Rev.~DIYYS AYG.
Laureate head of Caligula to r.

PATEE PATEIAE Head of
Augustus,with radiate crown to r. [No. 137.]
119 grs.
This variety occurs also in silver, but in gold it is describedby Cohenfrom the Ancien Catalogue only. My example waspurchasedat a sale in Rome in 1893.
CLAUDIUS.
16. 0Jy.-TI.
CLAYD.
Laureate
CAESAJS, AYG. P.M. TE. P. IIIL

head to r.
.-PEAETOE . EECEPT. Claudius to r., giving his hand to a soldier, who holds a military
ensignand a buckler. 120grs. [No. 141.] Of the ordinary type of Cohen (No. 77), but unpub-
lished,of the fourth tribunitian power* A similar example, however, was in the D'Amecourt Collection (Lot 97). My example came from an important hoard of aurei of this period (about 80 in number), found in 1893 in Campania,and purchased by Cav. Stettiner, in the sale of whosecoins at Rome, in 1894, several were
included.
44
NUMISMATICCHRONICLE.
AGREPPINA AJO> NEEO.
17. Ofo.-AGEIPP.
AYG.
DIVI
CLAYD.
NEEONIS
OAES MATEE. Bust of Agrippina and head

of Nero facing each other ; behind the head of Nero a grain of corn.
Rev.- NEEONI CLAYD. DIYI F. OAES. AYG.
GEEM. IMP. TE P. Oak-wreath, within which
is EX S.C. 117grs, [No. 153.]
In his illustration of the obverseof the ordinarytype

Cohen (No. 6) erroneouslyinserts CLAYDI. for CLAYD. I have thought it well to describemy example (purchased at Rome in 1893 from the samecollection as No. 15), as
it differs from anypreviously published,in having the

grain of corn behind Nero's head. After republican times any addition of this kind seems be unknown. It is someto
what suggestive provincial workmanship, in that of and

event, having regard to the ancient Sicilian types and to the fact that the Eomans were so indebted to Sicily for their corn supplies, the provenance my coin may be of
referred to that fertile island.
GALBA.
18, Oh.-. IMP.
GALBA
CAESAE
AYG.
P.P.
Laureate
head to r.
-Zfcw.FOETYNA AYG. Fortune to L, holding a rudder and a cornucopiae,112grs. [No. 169.]
This probablyuniquecoinis described (Cohen, 71) No. from Mionnetonly, and is unpricedby the author,primd facie showing that he was not conclusivelysure that any such piece existed,notwithstandingits inclusionin
Mionnet's list,
45
19. Oh.-[IMP.
Laureate
SEE.] GALBA CAESAK AYG. [P.M.]

head to r.
Rev.-IMP. Galba on horseback r., raising his right to hand. 108 grs. [No. 170.] This is describedby Cohen (No. 96) from the example depicted by Caylus only. The type is a striking one, and occursalso, with somevarieties of the obverselegend, on a denarius of the sameEmperor.
OTHO.
20. 0^.-IMP.
OTHO
head to r.
CAESAE
AYG.
TE.
P.
Bare
Rev.-PAX OEBIS TEEEAEYM. Peace to 1., holding a laurel branch and a caduceus. 113 grs.
[No. 174.]
The same as Cohen (No. 2) but without the M for

Marcus between IMP and OTHO. is of The PERRAEVM those in Cohen for TEEEARVM course one of
printer's errors which are far more numerousin the

second edition than in the first. 21. 050.-IMP. OTHO CAESAE AYG. TE. P. Bare
head to r.
Sao.-PONT. MAX. Equity to 1.,holding a sceptreand scales. llOi grs. [No. 175.]
Publishedby Cohen(No. 9) in silver only. An examplein gold hasbeen publishedby my friend, Cay. F.
Gnecchi, in the Rivista Italiana di Num., 1889, Ease, iv.
Ta. vi. 22. 08f.-IMP. M. OTHO
ance than
CAESAE
AYG. TE. P.
Bare
head to r.; the hair has a more natural appearis usual.
46
GV --SECYEITASP. E.
wreathand a sceptre. 113Jgrs. [No. 177]
Security L, holding a to
Describedby Cohen (No. 16) from Caylus only.

YlTELLTtfS. 23. Olv.-A. YITELLIYS GEEMAN. Laureate head to r. IMP. TE. P.
jRcv.-B.
P. Q. E. OB C S. within
an oak-wreath.
114
grs [No. 179] Describedby Cohen (No. 85) from Caylus only.
24. 01*.A. YITELLIYS IMP. GEEMANICYS. Lau-
reate bust to 1.; a globe beneath.
Eev.-YICTOEIA IMP. GEEMANICL [No. 181.]
Yictory to 1.,
113 grs.
holding a wreath; beneath, a globe.
Describedby Cohen (No. 106) from "Wiczayonly. 25. An unpublished variety resembling the last in all
respects, except that on the reverse GEEMAN. is substituted for GEEMANICL 112 grs. [No. 182.]
A variety of No. 24 is in the British Museum, on which GEEMAN. appears on the obverse instead of
GERMANICYS.
Lucms YITELLITTS (Father of the Emperor).
26. 050.--L. YITELLIYS COS.ILL C[ENSO]E. Laureate

and draped bust of Lucius Yitellius to r.; front, a sceptre surmotuited by an eagle.
^?.-A. VITELLIYS GEEM. IMP. AYG. TE.
in
P.
Laureate head of the Emperor to r. [No. 184.] Plate II. 6.
95 grs.
K\RE
AND
UNPUBLISHED
ROMAN
GOLD COINS.
4:t
Given by Cohen (No. 2) in silver only. I should be

inclined to think that what Cohen describesas a sceptre surmountedby an eagle may be an early representationof
the legionary eagle,in complimentaryallusion to the

Censor'scommandin Syria during his first consulate, and
to his enforcing respectto the Homan standards upon Artabanus, Parthian King. The light weight of this the example, whichis somewhat worn, is probablycaused by a slight clipping of the flan. Sincewriting the aboveI have traceda descriptionof a similar,or perhapsthis identical, piece by Mr. F. W.
Madden, in Num. Chron., New Series, vol. viii., p. 253, which seemsto have escapedthe notice of Cohen. Mr.
Maddenagreeswith me in denominatingthe so-called

sceptre " a standard with Roman eagle."
VESPASIAN.
27. 050.-IMP.
reate
CAESAR
head to r.
VESPASIANVS AVGK FILL
AYG. Titus
Lauand
Eev.-CAESARES
VESP.
Domitian standingface to face, each, holding a patera in his right hand, and a parazonium? in his left. Ill* gre- LNo- 1950 HateII. 7.
Thisis described Cohen(No. 52)from Caylusonly, by

and he omits to mention the object in the left hand of
eachof the sons Vespasian. The coin appears be of of to

Oriental fabric, and may have been issued before the Emperor's arrival in Home. In any case it must have beenstruck early in his reign, as he was in his sixtieth year when he assumed the purple, and the portrait here depicted presents certainly a more youthful appearance than is usually found on his aurei. The intention of the reverse type was doubtless to advertise the state of the
48
Emperor's family, particularly with a due regard to those considerationsas to succession, which were perhaps the more present to the Emperor's mind owing to his advanced age.
28. Oh.-. IMP.
reate
CAESAE
head to r.
YESPASIANVS
AYG.
Lau-
Jfcp.-- COS ITEE. TE. POT. Equity to 1 , with sceptre
and scales. 113grs. [No. 186.] The secondconsulateof the Emperor was in A.D. 70,
the year o his entry into Rome,when this piece must

have been struck. All the other aurei of the same year
bear the sameinscription,with the deity Mars or Neptune on the reverse, with the exception of one which
is inscribed COS ITEE . FOET . BED ,, with the figure .

of Fortune.
I include this piece,which appears No. 30 in the as

first edition of Cohen, both in gold and silver, but is
omitted altogether, in both metals, from the second

edition, in order to call attention not only to that omission, but to the careless omission also in the second edition, of various gold and silver piecesbearing the same
inscription,and described the first editionunder the in

-numbers 32, 33, and 34.
29. 0fc.IMP.
IIII.
YESPAS.
Laureate
AVGK P.M.
bust to 1.
TEL
P.P.P.
COS.
Rev.- PAX AYGrVSTI. Naked male figure, with mantle over left shoulder, and holding a sceptre in the left hand, raises, with the right, a kneeling woman, who wears a turreted crown. 114grs.
[No. 189.]
Cohen,in mentioning (No. 322) a somewhat similar piecein the British Museum, describes figure on the the
49
reverse as being that of the Emperor in military ap-
parel. It certainly is a nakedfigure, and perhaps, with equalcertainty, is intended to be a representation of Peace. It is not probablethat the Emperorwould in
those days, and at his advanced age of sixty-three or sixty- four years, have been representednude in any personified form. The coin must have been struck in Asia,
and refers, perhaps,to the settlement of the disputes with Antiochus of Commagene, who, after the seizure of his country by Paetus, Governor of Syria, had come to Home with his sons, Epiphanes and Callinicus, and had been courteouslyreceivedby the Emperor, and not to Armenia, as stated by Cohen. The TRL on the obverse of this piece, instead of TR. as usual, is of almost unique occurrence, and lends weight to its Asiatic attribution.
30. Obv.- IMP.
CEN.
CAES.
YESP.
AYG.
P.M.
COS.
HIL
Laureate
head to r.
Rev. VESTA. Circular four-columnedtemple; in the middle and at each side, a statue. 113J-grs[No. 190.]
The reverse type of this piece is not uncommon, but with this obverseit is described by Cohen (No. 582) from the Schellersheimcabinet only.
TITTTS, AND DOMITIAN.
31. Ob*.- IMP. YESPA. AVG. P.M. TEL P. 31. COS. nil.
Laureatehead of Yespasian 1. to Rev.- CAE. DYM. (sic} ET TI. (w) CAES. IMP.
YESPAS. Bare heads of Titus and Domitian
faceto face. 114grs. [No. 201.] PL II, 8.
This coin,depicted in Cohen(No. 8), wasformerly in the collectionof ,M. Jarry, of Orleans,which,after his
VOL, XVII. THIRD SERIES. H
50
NUMISMATIC CHKONICLE.
death,wassold in 1878. It passed into my handsfrom

the Du Chastelcollection, and I venture to think that, as
it maybe the only known, example the type,an exact of

description of it may be desirable. The fabric and letter-
ing appear beprovincial,and the misspelling DVM to of

for the first letters of the nameof Domitian, and the unusual form of the reverselegend, tend to confirm this.
TITUS.
32. 050.-T.
CAESAE
IMP.
YESP.
Laureate head to r.
R&G.-PONTIF TE. POT. Fortune to left, on a cippus, holding a cornucopiae and a rudder. 112 grs. [No. 210.]
This differsfromCohen (No. 165),in havingthe headof

the Emperor to the right instead of to the left.
33. Oh.-.IMPERATOE T. CAESAE AYGYSTI K Lau-
reate bust to r.
Rev.-CONCOEDIA
AYG.
Concord seated to left, a
cornucopiae her right hand, and two earsof in cornandapoppyheadinherleffc;in the exergue, EPHE. (the last three letters in ligature).
113Jgrs. [No. 207]
Thisaureusat oncebetrays its Orientalorigin by its workmanship and fabric. It is presumed that it was struck at Ephesus, when Titus was in Asia Minor, before his father'sdeath.It differsfrom Cohen (No.38)in having
the head laureate instead of bare, but this may be an
error on the part of the author,in which case maybe this the example(then in the possession MM. Rollin and of
Feuardent) from which the description was taken. It
formed Lot 157 of the D'Amecourt sale, 1887.
BARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 34. Oh.-IMP. Itev.-TB. TITVS
Laureate
51
CAES. VESPASIAN.
to r.
AYGK P.M. Yenus
head
P. V1LLL. IMP.
XTUI.
COS. YII.
to r, leaning against a column, and holding a helmetand a spear. 112 grs. [No. 211.]
This differsfrom Cohen (No. 267) in the omissiononly

of the title P. P. on the reverse. The type on the reverse appearsto be very rare, as the two varieties (Cohen Nos. 283 and 285), struck under the date IMP. XV., one with the head to the left, the other to the right, are described from examplesrespectivelyin the Ancien Catalogueand the
Trouvaille Lycee du Napoleon only. Of the latter variety I

have a fine example in my own collection, but both Nos.
283 and 285 have the title 35. Ofa-IMP. .-TE. TITVS P. IX. P. P. on the reverse. VESPASIAN. XV. COS. AVGK P.M. VUL P.P.
CAES.
to 1.
Laureate
head
IMP.
Wingedfulmeu on a throne. 113 grs. [No. 215.] This is describedin silver (Cohen,No. 314), and with the
headto the right in gold (Cohen, 315). The present No.

variety from the D'Am^court sale^Lot 170, appears to be
unpublished.
36. Oto.-IMP. j^,~~TR. TITVS P. IX. CAES.
head to r.
VESPASIAN. COS. VIH.
AVGK P.M. P.P. Double
Laureate
IMP.
XV.
curule chair, on which is a wreath. [No. 216.]
114grs.
Described Cohen by (No. 317}from Caylus only. As

the title of the plates engraved by M. le Gomte de Caylus is, " Numismata aurea Imperatorum Romanorum
e cimelioregis Christianissimi/' it is presumedthat this

and all other piecesdescribed by Cohen from this work
52
only, must have passed from the French royal cabinet

into that of the Bibliothque, and, if not there now, must
havedisappeared, owingto the great robberyin 1831 or

otherwise.
37. Oh -IMP. Her.-TB.
TITVS P. IX.
CAES. VESPASIAN. IMP. XV. COS
AW. VIII.
P.M. P.P.
Laureate
head to 1.
Trophy, at the foot of which are a woman, in an attitude of grief, seated to 1., and a man, with his hands tied behind him, seated to right.
Ill grs
[No. 214.]
A similaraureus, with the Emperor's headto the right, appears Caylus, is not in the FrenchNational Colin but
lection or elsewhere,to my knowledge. The present type, with the head to the left, is described in silver (Cohen,
No, 307), but is unpublishedin gold. My exampleis

from the D'Amecourt sale, Lot 168. The date of this coin corresponds with 833 A.TJ.C. =
80 A.D. The typemayrefer to the victoryoverthe Jews,

though so many years after the capture of Jerusalem. It is noteworthy that the references to his Jewish victories occur on the coins of Titus, for many years consecutively after that event. On the other hand, it is possible that the type refers to victories over the Britons gained by Julius Agricola at and about the time when this coin was
issued.
JULIA Am> TITTJS.
38. Ofo?.-IVLIA AVGVSTA DIVI TITI F. Drapedbust

of Julia to 1.
R*o.-DIVVS
TITVS
AVGVSTVS.
Laureate
head of
Titus to 1. 118 grs. [No. 220.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS
53
This splendidaureus is unpublishedand apparently unique. A similar type in silver is described Cohen in (No. 2). Though evidently struck after the death of
Titus, the head of that emperor does not bear the radiate crown as is the casewith the usual type (Cohen, 1). The weight is noteworthy.
DOMITIAN.
39. Obv.-IMP.
reate
CAES. DOMITIANVS
head to r.
AVGK P.M. P.P.
Lau-
Rev.-TE.
P. COS. VII.
DES. VIII
Laurel wreath
on a doublecurule chair. 112 grs, [No. 228] This rare aureus is described by Cohen (No. 571) from Schellersheim only. It is suggestedwhether the presence of the two curule chairs may not refer to the two consulates,the one in actual enjoyment, the other designate.
40. Oh.-IMP.
reate ev.-TE.
CAES.
POT.
DOMITIANVS
n. COS.
AVG.
THE.
P.M.
IX.
LauP.P.
head to r. IMP. DES.
Helmetedbust of Pallas to 1.,with aegis, but

with no sceptre. 121 grs. [No. 230.]
Cohen (Nos. 607 and 608) describesthis piece, with the
reverse legendreadingDES. YIIII, andwith the bust of

Pallas with and without the sceptre. He also describes
(No. 600) that with DJES. with a sceptrefrom the IX

example in the British Museum. The present specimen completesthe set. Its weight is abnormally heavy,
41. Oh.-IMP. CAES. DOMITIANVS AVG. GEEMANIC. Laureate and draped bust to L
12w.-P.M. TE. POT. HI. IMP. V. COS. X. P.P. A
large helmetedand drapedbust of Pallas to r.

11Si-grs. [No. 234.]
54
This is not described Cohen, in and my example was sold to me by MM. Eollin and Eeuardentas being an uniqueexample. Anotherspecimen the type,however, of is in the French National Collection. The weight is
abnormal.
42 Olv.-IKP.
&V.-TR.
right to left).
CAES. DOMITIANYS AYG. P.M. (from

Laureate head to r.
DES X. P.P. Pallas
POT. H. COS. Vim.
to r, standingon level ground and throwing a

javelin, and holding a buckler.
231.]
114 grs. [No.
Thisresembles Cohen (No. 605), but there is no ship

beneath Pallas nor an owl at her feet. 43. Oh.-IMP.
Rev.-P.M.
CAES. DOMITIANYS
head to r. POT. III. IMP. TE.
AYG. GEEMANIC.
V. COS. X. P.P.
Laureate
Helmeted figure of Pallas to 1., holding a long lance in her right hand, her left hand on her
hip. 119igrs.
[No. 233.]
This seems quite unpublished, though there are other types with the samereverse legend,two of which are next described(Cohen,Nos. 355-358).
44. 0fo7.-IMP. CAES. DOMITIANYS AYG. GEEMANIC.
Laureate bust with aegis to r. J^-P.M. TE. POT. HI. IMP. Y. COS.X. P.P. Eagle, with wings displayed, on a fulmen. 120f grs.
[No. 236.] This is identical with Cohen (No. 358), except that the
Emperor's bust is to the right insteadof to the left, and is not draped, though the segisappears the breast. on
The differenceof weight among the aurei of Domitian,
in the higheststateof preservation, worthy of notice. is
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 45. Oh.-IMP. Jfcz?.-P.M. CAES. DOMITIAN.
head to r,
55
AVGK GEEMANICVS. Y COS. X. P.P. Hel-
Laureate
TE. POT. HL IMP.
meted figure of Pallas to r., on prow of vessel, throwing a javelin and holding a "buckler; at
her feet, an owl. 120 grs. [No. 235.]

This coin with DOMITIANVS instead
of DOMITIAN.
is described being in silver by Cohen as (No. 356),but

is unpublished in gold.
46. Olv.-IMP. CAES. D1YI. YESP. F. DOMITIAN.
AVG.
Laureate head and draped bust to 1.
Rev.-GEEMANICVS COS. X. A German slave, in attitude of grief, seatedto the right on a buckler;
beneath,a broken spear. 120grs. [No. 232.] This, with the obverse DOMITIANVS AVGVSTVS is described in Cohen (No. 139) from Schetterskeim only. It is otherwiseunpublished.
47. Ofa-DOMITIAJWS
tor.
AVGVSTVS.
Laureate
head
Rev.-GEEMANICVS COS.XV.
Pallas to r., with javelin and buckler, on a
Helmeted figure of
doubleprow; at her feet, an owl. 116 grs. J [No. 241.]
Described Cohen (No. 153) from an examplebeby

longing to Mr- Egger only. It is possiblethat it is the
same example that now in my collection. as

DOMITIA.
48. 050.-DOMITIA AVGVSTA IMP. DOMITIANI right to left). Bust to r.
(from
Rw.-CONCOEDIA AVGVST. 116igrs. [No. 244.]
Peacock to right,
56
The reading bothon theobverse reverse this piece and of differs from Cohen(No,1). In my collection another is aureus, legendon the obverse whichis the same the of as
Cohen (No. 1), but that on the reverse reads CONCOEDIA AYGTST., and this is the reading correctly rendered in the first edition of Cohen. I have never seen nor
heard of any example reading AVGK as Cohen (No. 1, secondedition).

NERVA. 49. Oh.-IMP. NEEYA CAES. AYGL P.M. TE. POT.
Laureate head of the Emperor to r.
Rev*-COS.IH. P.P. Simpuhrm,aspersorium, sacrificial vaseand augural staff. 117J grs. [No. 250.] This is a well-known type, of which the published
descriptionoccurs only with the words PATER PATRIAE, in ML on the reverse(Cohen,No. 147). With the contraction P.P. it is published in silver only (Cohen, Ho. 52), and appears to be a rarity even in that metal,
as Cohengiveshis descriptionfrom a piecein the collection of Mr. Hamburger only. In the first edition of Cohen it is described from the "Wiczay example only; but the latter may be identical with the former.
TEAJAN,
50. Olv.-IMP.
tor.
TEAIANYS
AYGL GEE. DAG. P.M. TE.
P. COS. YI. P. P. Draped and laureate bust R&O*-MAES YICTOE. Nude figure of Mars, hel-
meted, to L, in. his right hand a spear, in his left a trophy. 108 grs. (Somewhat worn.)
[No. 267.] PL n. 9.
The reverse legend is hitherto unpublished, and is
quite unknownon a coin of Trajan in any metal,nor

doesthere appearto be any expressreference whatever to Mars on any such coin, with the exceptionof the one now illustrated. The denarii (Cohen, Nos. 100 and 270) have a similar type, with the legend, COS. VI . P.P. S.P.Q.R. and P.M. TE . P. COS VI. P.P. S.P.Q.H. respectively,and refer in all probability to the Emperor's past Dacian victories, as during his sixth consulate (A.U.C. 865) he does not appear to have been actively engaged in any military operation. A similar type occurs on denarii of the fourth and fifth consulates (Cohen,Nos. 228 and 372), but on these also the name of the god of war is not expressly mentioned.
51. Olv.,
IMP.
CAES.
NEE
TEAIAN.
OPTIM
AVG.
GEE. DAG. PAETHICO.

and euirassed bust to r.
Laureate, draped
SVSCEPTA(in exergue). P.M. TE. P. COS.VI. P.P. S.P.QE. (around). The genius
of the Senate tor., sacrificing at an altar, iu the presence of the genius of the Eoman people, who holds a patera and a eornueopiae. 111J-grs. [No. 265.]
The obversebust and legend differ slightly from Cohen (No. 655). The workmanshipof this rare coin is remarkably fine, and much finer than that displayed on a somewhat similar piece in the National Collection.
52. Oh>. IMP. CAES. NEE. TEALAJSTO OPTIM. AVG.
G-EEM. DAO. Laureate head with aegis to r.

Rev.- PAETHICO P.M. TE P. COS. VI. P.P. S.P.Q.E.
Eadiatebust of the Sunto r. Ill grs. [No. 262.]
This differs from Cohen(No. 187) in the clothing of the bust, and is one of the finest types struck during
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. I
58
Trajan'sreign. Theoccurrence the fine workmanship of shownon somanycoinsstruck during the sixth and last
consulateis significative of the fact that, during the later years of Trajan's rule, those engravers were at work, who distinguished themselves also so markedly during the early part of the reign of Hadrian.
HADRIAN 53. Oh.IMP. CAES. AND TKAJAN. HADEIAN. OPT. AYG.
TEAIAN. to r.
GEE. D PAET. Laureate, draped and cuirassed

bust of Hadrian
Ito-VIVO
draped and cuirassed bust of Trajan to r. 113grs. [No. 305.]
TEAIAN9 PATEI AYGK Laureate,
This only differs from Cohen(No. 1) in having GEE.

in the obverselegend instead of GK I have another example (Cohen, No. 2, from Elberling
only) readingGr, with HAJDEIANO instead of HAbut

DEIAN. This seemsto show that the obverse legend is to be read on all coins of this type with the dative case as well as the reverselegend.
HAEBIAN.
54. 0^.-
IMP.
CAESAE
TEAIAN.
HADEIANYS
AYG.
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust to r. Jkv.-P. M, TE. P. COS. HI. Jupiter seated to L, holding a fulmen and a sceptre. 113 grs. [No.
291.]
Thisdiffers from Cohen (No. 1060)in havingthe bust

to the right instead of to the left.
55. 0^.~HADEIANYS
tor.
AYG. COS. IH. P.P.
Bare head
KARE AXD UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS.
59
.-AEGYPTOS.
Egypt (or Isis) seatedto l.,holding a

her left arm on a basket en-
sistrum, and with
circled by a serpent; to the left, an ibis on a
cippus. 107Jgrs. [No. 299.]
This type,with the barehead of the Emperorto the left, is quotedby Cohen(No. 108) from the Elberling
collection only; with the same head to the right, as in the caseof my piece, it seemsto be unpublished.
56. O^.-HADEIANYS jfci;.-EESTITVTOEI AVGL COS. III. ACHAIAE. P.P. Bare bust of to 1.
Hadrian to 1., with very slight traces of drapery.

Hadrian
raising Achaia, who is kneeling at his feet; between them a vase, from which issues a palm.
109grs. [No. 303]
This very fine aureus differs from Cohen (No. 1214) in having the bust to the left instead of to the right, and
without drapery, the usualsense that word. in of

Lucius AJSLIUS CAESAR.
57. Olv.- L. AELIYS CAESAE. semi-draped.
Bare-headed bust to 1.,
Rev.-CONCOED. (in exergue); around, TE. POT. COS.
II. Concordseated to L, holding a patera; behind her, a cornucopiae upon a cippus. 107 grs. [No. 314.]
A somewhat similar piece published Cohen is by (No. 4) fromCaylus ; but on referring Caylus's only to work,
I find no such coin mentioned.
ANTONINUSPius,
58. Olv.-ANTONINYS
IUL
AVG. PIVS P.P. TE. P. COS.
Laureate head to 1.
60
Rev.-LIB. im
(in exergue). Antoninusseated L, on to
an estrade; at Ms side, Liberality, with tessera
and cornucopiae;at the foot of the estrade, a

man standing to r., extending the hem of his
garment. llO^grs.
[No. 325.]
This differs from Cohen (No. 496) in having the head to the left instead of to the right.
59. Obv.-~ANTONINYS AYGK PIVS P.P. TE. P. COS.
III.
Draped bust to r. AYG. (in exergue). Victory flourish-
Rev.-YICTOEIA
ing a whip, in a quadriga, galloping to the r.
107 grs. [No. 323.]

details of the bust. Vicomte It formed
This differs from Cohen (Nos. 1080 and 1081) in the

Lot 386 of the sale of the du Chastel's coins. AYG.
bust to r.
60. Oh.-.ANTONINYS
Cuirassed
PIYS
P.P. TE. P. XXTT.
Rev.-COS. mi. (in exergue); around, YOTA SVSCEPTA DEC. III. The Emperor veiled to L, sacrificingat a tripod. 112Jgrs. [No. 340.]
In the second editionof Cohen coinin goldrelating no

to the celebration of the third Decennalia is described, but in silver and bronze a few types, more or lessdifferent from that of the aboveaureus, are given, but none of the twenty-secondtribunitian power. In the first edition
(No. 359)a similarcointo mine is described, with a but

laureate bust. 61. Ota.-ANTONINYS AYG. PIVS P-R TE. P. XXTT.
Laureateand draped bust to r. jfc^- COSIHL (in exergue); around,YOTA SYSCEP. DECENN. HI. Same type as the last. 1124grs. [No. 341.]
61
This variety is undescribedin both editions of Cohen.

ANTONINUSAOT> MARCUS AURELIUS. 62. Obv.-ANTONINVS Jfczj.-AVEELIVS AVG. PIVS CAESAE P.P. TE. P. COS III. AVG. PII F. COS.
Draped bust of Antoninus to r. Draped and cuirassed bust of Aurelius. 110
grs. (var. of Cohen,No. 13). [No. 350.]

63. (9^.-ANTONINYS
III. Laureate
AVG. CAESAE
PIVS
P.P.
TE.
to 1.
P. COS. F. COS.
head of Antoninus
Rev.-AYEELIYS
AVG.
PII
Draped (but not cuirassed) bust of Aurelius to r.
112grs. (var. of Cohen, No. 20). [No. 352,]

64. Olv.-ANTONINYS
Laureate
AVG. PIVS
head of Antoninus
P.P. TE. P. COS. HE.

to L
tow.-AYEELIYS
CAES. AVG. PII P. COS. Draped
bust of Aurelius to r. 113| grs. [No. 351.] The abovethree aurei are all, as shown by the weight, in the finest state of preservation, and it is strange that they should all present variations of the types described
in Cohen. The last described was, togetherwith a fine

aureus of Faustina the Elder, ceded to me by the late
Cav. Amilcare Ancona, of Milan, who obtained it from
the Yerona find of 1887; these being the only gold coins (among almost 3,000 denarii) in that find which he de-
scribedunder the title of, " Eipostiglio di S. Zenoin

Verona Citta," in the Rivista lialiana di Numi&matica,
vol i., p, 229.

MABCUS AURELIUS.
65. Oh.-AYEELIYS
CAESAE
AVG.
PII
F.
COS.
Young headto r.
62
Rev-IYYENTAS.
Juventas to 1, holding a patera,
and sprinkling incense in the flame of a can-
delabrum. Ahalfaureus. 50grs. [No. 371.] Described in Cohen (No. 388) from the "Vente de Moustier" only. 66. Oh - AYEELIYS CAESAE AYG. PIT F.
bust to r.
Draped
Jfcw.-TE POT. HI. COS II
Mars nude,with flowing
and a spear. Half aureus. 58 grs. [No. 377.] A similar half-aureus is described by Cohen (No. 617) from an examplein the possession M. Elberling. This of description, however,leadsus to infer that the bust on that examplewas not draped. My specimenwasNo. 1167 in
the De Quelen sale.
67. Oh.-IMP.
Bare
mantle, inarching to 1,, and carrying a trophy
CAES. M. AYEEL.
head to r. AYGYSTOE
ANTONINYS
. TE. P. XY.
AYG.
In
5^.-CONCOEDIAE
exergue, COSHI.
Marcus Aurelius and Lucius
Yerus claspinghands. Ill grs. [No. 382.] This coin,with the bare head,is describedin Cohen(No. 70) from an examplein the possession MM. Eollin and of Feuardent only. This may be the sameexampleas mine, which I purchased at the sale of Dr. Seyffer's coins (Lot 954).
68. 030.-IMP. CAJES. M. AYEEL ANTONINYS AYG.
Draped bust to r. Jfca.-CONCOEDIAE AYGYSTOE . TE. P. XVI.; in exergue, COS. HE. Marcus Aurelius and
LuciusYerusclasping hands.Ill grs. [No. 384.]
63
Similar to Cohen(No. 73), which, however, has not the
bustdraped. My coinwas purchased my friend, Mr. by

Ashbee,with someforty other aurei of the period, on the
north coastof Africa. The hoard was probablyfound

near Tunis.
It maybe useful, though, perhaps, little out of place a here,to notethat the aureus M. Aurelius,described of by Cohen No. 476, shouldread COS. Ill, and not simply as
COS. 69. Olv.-M. ANTONINYS AVG. TR. P. XXVI. Lau-
reate and draped bust to r.
R&o.-IMP. YE. COS.EX MarcusAurelius, in military

apparel, to L, holding a fulmen and reversed spear, crowned by Victory, bearing a palm-
branch. Ill grs. [No. 393.]
This very fine aureus differs from Cohen(No. 308) in having no cuirass the bust. The globereferred to by on Cohenas being in the field, appearsto be a component part of the spear. This aureus formed Lot 320 of the
D'Amecourt 70. 0fc>.-M. sale. ANTONINVS AVG. GEEM. SAEM. Lau-
reate and draped head to r.
Rev.-TE. P. XXTX. IMP. VIII. COS.ILL [No. 396.]
Peace (?)
to L, holding a caduceus and sceptre. 11Hers.
Similar to Cohen(No. 925), but with no cuirass. This
also came thehoard from secured Mr. Ashbee. by Though

I havefollowed Cohen suggesting doubt asto whether in a the female figure on the reverse intendedfor Peace, is yet
thereis no doubtin my own mind on the subject, as the emblem the caduceus of wouldhardly leadto any
other conclusion.
64 71. Ofa-M.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. ANTONINYS AYG. GEEM. SAEM. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
Rev.-As before, but with the legend, TE. P. XXX. IMP. YTIL COS.El. 11H grs. [No. 399.] This type is unpublished of the thirtieth tribunitian
" potestas." It formedpart of the hoard purchased by

Mr. Ashbee.
72. Olv.-"ML. AYEEL. ANTONINYS AYG. draped, and cuirassed bust to r.

JRw.-TR. P. XXXTTT.
Laureate,
IMP. X. COS. IH. P.P. Marcus
Aurelius sacrificingat a tripod. 114grs. [No.

400.]
This is a slight variety of Cohen (No. 971), but I

have describedit, as it is a very fine exampleof a coin only given by Cohen,from the specimen in the Yienna
Cabinet.
FAUSTINA
THE YOUNGER.
73. Oto.-TAYSTENA
hair
AYGYSTA. Bust to the right, wavy

behind.
tied in a knot
R&o-AYGYSTI
PH EIL.
Diana to L, holding a bow
and an arrow. 112 grs. [No. 402.] This varies from Cohen(No. 19) in having the bust to
the right insteadof to the left, and in that respect resembles the half-aureus in the British Museum (Cohen, No. 20).
LTTCTUS YIETJS.
74. oiv.-IMP.
to r
L. AYEEL. YERYS AYG. 7with aegis.
Bare head
RARE A\D
UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS.
65
Sev- CONCOEDIAE AYGYSTOE . TE. P. II.; in exergue, COS. H. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Yerus standing and grasping hands. 112 grs.
[No. 419.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 49).

75 Oh - L. YEEYS
bust to r.
AYGK AEMENIACVS. IMP. II. COS. II.
Cuirassed Armenia seated
Rev.-TR
P. III.
to left, her right hand supporting her head, her
left on a bow, beneath which is a quiver; to the right, a trophy. llOi grs. [No. 421.] This varies, so far as the bust is concerned,and possibly also in the details of the reverse, from Cohen (No. 219), which is described from the Caylus exampleonly. The latter is erroneously omitted to be priced in the second edition of Cohen,and by an oversight is marked " G." 76. 0fc.-L
cuirassed
YEEYS AYG. AEMENIACVS.

bust to r.
Drapedand
Jfc^-TE. P. m. IMP. H. COS. n,- in exergue, AEMEN. Similar type to the last. 111Jgrs. [No. 420.] A variety of Cohen (No. 5), which has the laureate
bust. 77. Ofa-L. Rev.-TE. YEEYS AYGK AEM. PAETH. reate and cuirassed bust to r. P. YL IMP. IHI. COS- II. MAX. Lau-
Yerus brandish-
ing a spearand galloping to r., over a prostrate enemy. 112grs. [No. 428.] A variety, so far as the bust is concerned,of Cohen (No, 287).
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. K
66
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. AVG. AEM. PAETH. MAX. Lau-
78. Otv.- L. YEEVS
reate and draped "bustto r. Eer.-TR. P. Y3H. IMP. T. COS. HI. Equity seated to L, holding the scales and a cornucopiae.
112grs. [No. 429.] A variety of Cohen (No. 317), which has the bust undraped.
79. OhL. YEEYS AVG. ARMENIACVS. draped, and cuirassed bust to r Laureate,
Rev- m
P. HH. IMP. II. COS. II. Victory, halfdraped, to the r., placing upon a palm -tree a
buckler inscribed "VIC. AVGr. 112^grs. [No. 425.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 247). This is one of the

large hoard of aurei discoveredat Rome during the course of excavationson the Aventine Hill in the year 1893. This hoard consisted almost entirely of the above type, and two others of Lucius Yerus (Cohen, Nos. 158 and
248); almost the specimens all beingin the mostbrilliant

state of preservation, and, therefore, evidencing their
depositabout the time when Verus had become tribune

for the fourth time (A.D.164).
80. Olv.- LYCILLA
AVGVSTA.
Draped bust to r.
Rev*- PECVNDITAS. Lucilla seated to r., with a child on her knees ; a young girl at her feet.
107i grs. [No. 430.] PL H, 10.
This is described (Cohen,No. 18) from the Caylus

example only, and does not appear to be representedin any of the public museums.
RAHE AND
UNPUBLISHED
ROMAN GOLD COINS.
67
COMHODTJS.
81
01*.-IMP.
CAES. L.
AYEEL.
COMMODYS
GKEEM.
SAE.M. Young head of Commodus, laureate and draped, to r.
jfa.-TR. POT.H. COS.>; exergue, in DE GEEM.

Pile of arms, consisting of a cuirass, oval and
hexagonalshields,trumpets, and lances 111J grs. [No 435.] A variety of Cohen (No. 91) which is described from
the example the British Museum, in readingAYG, after

COMMODVS. 82. Ofa.-M. COMM. ANT. P. PEL. AYGK BEIT. Lau-
reate and drapedbust to r.

ev.-IOYI EXSYPEE . P.M. TE P.XII. IMP. YIH, ; llli grs.
in exergue,COS,V. P.P. Jupiter seated r., to

holding a branch and a sceptre, [No. 447.] PL II. 11.
This unpublished aureus is from the Du Chastel sale,
Lot 424. A similar type and legend,with slight variations, occur on large and small bronze coins of Commodus,issuedduring his eleventh, twelfth, and fourteenth tenures of tribunitian power, but their occurrencehas not hitherto been recordedon gold or silver coins.
83. 0Jf?.-M. COMM. ANT. P. PEL. AYG. BEIT. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. &v.-MOST. YICT. P.ML TE. P. XIIIL COS.Y. P. P.
Minerva to L, holding a Victory and a spear; at her feet, a buckler; behind her, a trophy. 112grains. (CohenNo. 364.) [No. 449.]
This is describedby Cohen from this exampleonly. It formerlybelonged the late M. Mandar. to
68 84. <?&?.-M.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. COMH. ANT. P. EEL. AYG. Laureate and cuirassed "bust to r. COM. P.M. TE. P. XYI BEIT. P.P.
ev.-EEEC.
COS. VI.
Commodus a genius, with, a patera and coras

nucopiae; in front of him, the tree of the garden altar, against which rests the club of Hercules.
of the Hesperides, which,is attached quiver to a and lion's skin; between the two, a lighted 112grs. [No 451.]
A very rare type, differing from Cohen (No. 180) in

the details of the bust.
DIDIUS JULIAJOTS.
85. Obv.- IMP.
CAES. M. DID.
IVLIAN.
AVG.
Laureate
head to r.
Rev.-CONCOED. MILIT. Concord to L, holding a military ensign in each hand, one surmounted
by an eagle. 103Jgrs. [No. 461.]

This resembles the silver denarius described in Cohen
(No. 2), except in the legend of the obverse. It formed Lot 370 of the D'Amecourt sale, and passedinto the hands of Dr. Von Scheniss,at the sale of whose coins I purchased it. The lightness of weight of this aureus is very remarkable, seeing that it is in the highest state of preservation.
PESCENKTOS NIGEE,
86. Oto.-IMP.
CAES.
C. PESC.
NIGEE
IVST.
AVG.
Laureate and draped bust to r. Rev.-EOMAE AETEENA. Eome seated to L, on a cuirass,holding a Victory and a spear. 107^ gra.
[No. 465.] PL H. 12.
This is the magnificent example of the aureus of
Pescennius Niger, which figured as Lot 447 in the Du
69
Chastel sale. Though it is accurately photographed in
the Catalogue the sale,the descriptionin the text is of altogether erroneous, errors have alsocrept into the and descriptionof what I presumeto be the samecoin in
Cohen (No. 59). The secondword in the reverse legend
is, however grammatically incorrect,clearly AETERNA, and there is no buckler at the feet of the seated figure of
Eome.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERTTS.
87. 0fo.- L.
SEPT.
reate
SEV. PEET.
AVG. IMP.
II.
Lau-
head to r.
.-VICT.
AVGL TE. P II. COS. II.
Victory to r.,
holding a wreath in right hand, and a palm*

branch in her left. 111 grs. [No. 472.]
A secondbrass coin, described out of its proper order in Cohen(No. 691), seems bear the same to reversetype and
legend,and No. 689 is a gold piecebearingthe obverse legend IMP. III. instead of IMP. II. The editors of
the last edition of Cohen refer, under this head, to a piece belonging to the Vicomte d'Amecourt, bearing the inscription IMP. VII. This appears to be an error, as his example (No. 381 in his Sale Catalogue)was inscribed
IMP. ini. SEPT. SEV. PEET.
damentum.
88. 0J0.- L.
AVG. IMP. VHI.
Lau-
reate head to r., with slight traces of the paluRev.- FQETVNAE EEDVCI. Fortune seated to L, holding a rudder in her right hand and a cornucopiae in her left; beneath her seat, a wheel.
112igrs. [No: 473.]
This differsfrom Cohen (No.187),whichis described
/O
NUMISMATIC
CHRraiCLE.
from the example the British Museumin the details in of the bust, which on that example is draped and
cuirassed. 89. Oh.-L. Rev.-VOTA SEPT. SEY. PEET. AYG. IMP. VHI.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassedbust to r.

PYELICA. Severus veiled to L, sacri-
ficing at an altar, llljgrs.
[No 474.]
This is included in the present list simply on account of its rarity, as it is described in the last edition only of
Cohen (No.776) from an examplein the collectionof

SI. de Corberon. My specimenmay be the samepiece.
90. Olv.-L. SEPT. SEV. AVG. IMP. XI. PART. MAX.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. jfcw.-COS. n. P. P. Victory to 1., holding a wreath in her right hand, and a palm-branch in her left.
110Jgrs. [No. 476.]

This is not described in. Cohen, where, however, a
somewhatsimilar reversetype is given in connectionwith severalvarietiesof the coins of this Emperor.

91. Qlv.-SEYEEVS AYG. PAET. MAX. Laureate head
to r., with traces of pahidamentum. Rev.-PEOPECT, AVGG. EEL. Severus in military
apparel, galloping to r., holding a spear,barbed at eachend. 108J grs. [No. 477.]
This is unpublished gold, being described Cohen in in (No. 577) in silver only.
92. Olv.-SEYEEYS Itw.-INDYLGENTIA PIYS AYG. Laureate head to r. The CarAYGG. IN CAETH.
thaginian goddess turreted seatedon lion running to r.; sheturns her face also to the right,
HARE AND UNPUBLISHEDROMANGOLD COINS.
71
holding in her right hand a fulmen, in her left a sceptre; beneath, waters flow from a rock 108grs. [No. 480.] This is described in Cohen (No. 227) from an example
(which maybe the samespecimen) the collectionof in M. Duquenelle. In the ordinar}?type the goddess is
seatedfacing.
93. 03z>,- SEYEEYS PIVS AYG. Laureate head to r.
SVSOEPTA XX. Severus with pontifical veil to r., holding a patera,and sacrificing
at an altar; a lictor? faces him on the other side of the altar, at the back of which is the
upper part of the body of a musician, who plays the doubleflute. 110grs. [No. 486.] There are two varieties of this rare type. On one aureus (Cohen, No. 793), described from the example in
the British Museum, insteadof the flute-player,a figure

of Concordveiled appearsat the back of the altar, but on
a large bronzecoin (Cohen, 79S),which differsin the No. obverselegend, the flute-player is depictedas on my
aureus. The above specimen is from the Belfort collection.
SEVEBUS, CABAOAIXA, AM GETA.

94. 030.-SEYEEYS
reate head
PIYS AYG. P.M. TE. P. YTTTT. Lauto r.
EM.-AETEENIT.
IMPEEI.
Bust of CaraeaJla lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed, facing that of Geta,bareheaded, draped,and cuirassed. 112J grs. [No. 490.]
This formed Lot 459 of the Comte Du Chastel's sale.
72
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. Laureate bust
95. 0&0.-SEYEEYS AYG. PART. MAX. to r., clad in aegis.
lfa>,-AETEENIT. IMPEEI. Busts on theprecedas

ing aureus. 110grs. [No. 491.]
The abovetwo coinsvary in detail and legendsfrom all the three varieties of this rare type describedin
Cohen.
JULIA DOMNA.
96. Ofa--IYLIA DOMNA AYGK Drapedbust to r. Ew.-EOMAE AJBTEENAE. Helmetedfigure of Eoma seated left on a buckler,holding in her right to hand a Yictory with palm and wreath, and in
her left a sceptre. In exergue ^S.
[No. 492.]
Ill
grs.
This coin is of light-coloured gold,and appears be to

of Oriental origin. No other piece of Julia is known
with this reverselegend,although it occurs coinsof on

Severus,and of his two sons, Caracalla and Geta. I am unaware of the meaning of the two letters-which appear to be P's retrograde-in the exergue on the reverse.
CABACALLA.
97. Oh,-M,
AYE.
ANTONINYS
CAES.
Bareheaded
young bustto r., drapedand cuirassed. ev.-SPEI PEEPETYAE. Hope to 1., holding a flower in her right hand, and raising her robe with her left. 113grs. [No. 505.]
*
I have given this aureus it is described Cohen as by (No. 593)from this example only, then in the De Quelen cabinet. Though not so described,there are distinct
traces of a cuirass on the shoulder.
R\RE AND rXPCBLIsHED
ROMAN GOLD COINS.
73
98 Obv.- ANTONINYS PITS AYG. Young laureate, draped, and cuirassed, to r 2&H?.-INDYLGENTIA AYGG. IN GARTH. to r., beneath, waters flow from a rock.
bust, The 110
celestial goddessof Carthage, holding a fulmen(*} and a sceptre,seated a lion running on grs [No. 512.]
A variety of Cohen(No. 96).

99. 03y.-ANTONINYS PIYS AYG. and draped bust to r. Young laureate
Rev.-COS. II (in exergue). Caracalla in a quadriga to r., holding a sceptre, surmounted by an eagle. llHgrs. [No. 513.]
This coin was purchased at the Vicomte de Ponton d'Amecourt's sale,and varies from Cohen (No. 37), which wasdescribedfrom an example in the British Museum, in
there beingno cuirass visible on the bust of the Emperor.

100. Olv-ANTONTNVS PIYS AYG. Young laureate
and draped bust to r. Rev - PONTIF. TE. P. YIII. COS. II. Mars, nude, to L ; his left shoulder covered by a mantle, and his foot on a helmet; he holds a branch and a
spear. IIOJ grs. [No. 514.]
Thisvaries in like manner from Cohen(No. 419) in therebeingno cuirassvisible.

101. Olv.-ANTONINYS PIYS AYG. GEEM. Draped and cuirassedbust to r, wearing a radiate
crown.
w.-P.M.
TE. P, XYHIL
COS. im.
P. P.
Sol,
with right hand raised, and in his left a whip,

mounting a quadriga, of which the horses are
galloping to the left.
206 grs. [No. 519 ]
This so-called medallionis unpublished, is probably and

YOU XVII. THIRD SERIES, L
74
3SUMISMAT1C CHRONICLE.
a doubleaureus. A large brasspieceof a similar design is described Cohen(No. 327). Gold medallions by of this Emperorare excessively ; only two others are rare described Cohen one(No.293)being in the French by Cabinet, and the other (No. 341) in the British Museum.
102. Oh.-. ANTONINYS
and cuirassed
PIVS
AYG. COS. nil.
GEEM. P.P.
Laureate Caracalla
bust to r.
Rw.-
P.M. TE. P. XVm.
in military apparel to 1 , accompanied by a senator (?), sacrificing at an. altar ; to the left, a standard and a temple with four columns, seen from the side, in, the forepart of which is a statue
of Aesculapius holding a rod and serpent, behind Mm a neophyte3 (?). 112grs. [No. 51*7.]
This is a very interestingaureus, and is a variety of Cohen (No.317),which was described from an example in the British Museum. The weight is noteworthy,as the piece is piercedby two fairly large holes. Another example, with tlie bust to tlie left laureate draped, and appears theAncienCatalogue (but does now exist in of not in) the FrenchCabinet. Whetherthe smallfigure within the cellaof the templeis a child, as suggested Cohen, by or a neophyte, I suggest, as may be problematical. In the Numismatic Chronicle* ii , 3rd Series, 47, Mr. vol. p.
Warwick Wroth refers to the coin in the British Museum,
and shows that it records Caracalla's sacrifice to Aescu-
lapiusat Pergamon, that the date,A.D.215, is that and of the very year after his visit to that Asiatic city. The Greek imperial coins of Pergamonwith Aesculapian typesare fairly numerous, owing to the Emperor's visit, and to his partiality to the cult of that divinity.
3 ProbablyTelesphorus.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLDCOINS.

103. Qlv.-ANTONINYS PITS AVG. and cuirassed bust to r. GEEM.
75
Laureate
^y._p.M.
TE.P. XVHL COS. HI!. P. P. The superstructure of a round temple, beneath -which is an altar, at which the Emperor is sacrificing; behind him, a togated figure and a boy. On the other side of the altar is a veiled priest, accompanied by a neophyte, behind whom is a roughly executed figure of another priest (?). The chief priest holds in his hand an object, which may be the key of the temple, or it may be a portable pedestal, upon which is a figure of a god, which otherwise may be considered as being erected within the cella of the temple. This figure cannot be Aesculapius, but may be a poorly executed representation of Telesphorus.
llljgrs.
[No. 518.] PL II. 13.
This most interesting aureus is unpublished, but may be the same example as that shortly described in the sale catalogue of General Moore's Greek and Roman coins (Sotheby's, 1889, Lot 806). The round temple differs so materially from the ordinary representation of the temple of Aesculapius, that it must be that of some
othergod, or possiblyan Aesculapian shrine in some city

other than Pergamon; unless, indeed, it be a second
temple, hitherto not depicted, the last-mentioned in city.

104. Oh.-ANTONINVS PITS AYGK GEEM. draped, and cuirassed bust to r. Laureate,
R&o.-P.M. TE. P. XX. COS. IHX P. P. Jupiter Serapisseated L, holding earsof corn (?) and to a sceptre. 99 grs. [No. 520.] This is a variety of Cohen (No. 384), which latter is described only from an example in the D'Amecourt Collection (sale catalogue, No. 428). Cohen errs in de-
scribing the bust of that specimen being draped; it as

has merely a cuirass, without any signs of drapery, and is
76
KUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
a very different treatment of the bust in that respectfrom that represented on my coin. The light weight of this piece, -whichis in the finest condition, is noteworthy.
GETA.
105. Obv.-P
SEPT. GETA CAES, PONT to r., draped and cuirassed.
Young bust
Rev,-CASTOR. Castor to 1, before his horse, against which he supports himself, and which he holds by the reins ; in his left hand is a sceptre. 112
grs. [No. 530.]
This is described in Cohen (No. 11) from an example in the Caylus collection only. The author doesnot, however, mention the cuirass, and raises a doubt, which, I
think, my specimen clears up, as to whether the object held by Castoris a sceptreor a spear.
106. Oh.-P. SEPT. GETA PIVS AYG. BEIT. Laureate
bust to r., with signs of aegis.

&n.-PONTIF. TB. P. HI. COS. II. Peace or
Felicity to 1, holding in her right hand a cornu-
copiae, her left a caduceus. 114Jgrs. [No. in 533.]
This is unpublishedin gold, but is describedin silver by Cohen (No. 149),and is a commonpiece in that metal. It wasformerly in the D'Amecourt collection (Lot 440).
DlADTJMENIAJSnCJS.
107. Oh.-
M.
OPEL.
ANT.
DIADYMENIAJST.
CAES.
Draped bust to r. Rev-PEINC. IYYENTYTIS. Diadumenian to 1., but with Ms head to r.; in his right hand, an ensign surmounted by an eagle; in his left, a sceptre; behind him, two ensigns, one surmounted by an eagle, the other by a hand (?).
110Jgrs. [No. 538.] PI, II. 14,
RARE AND TJXPtTBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS.
77
There is no coin in my collection which has cost me so
manyhours'(I maysay,days')studyasthispiece, owing

to the fact that the example in the British Museum, formerlyin the Dupre and Wigan collections, been has
viewed with some suspicion. I have come to the conclusion, in which I have the consensusof Dr. Head, M. Feuardent, Cav. Francesco Grnecchi,and other well-
known judges, that the genuineness this piece is of

unassailable. Another example, sold in the D'Amecourt
collection(Lot No. 446) for 2,550 francs, is now in

the cabinet of Herr Consul Weber, of Hamburg, who also has no doubt of its authenticity. There is another in the Brera collection at Milan, but these all wholly differ in fabric from Cohen (No. 2) in the French cabinet, and I venture to suggest that that may be of
Eomanwork, and mine of provincial origin.
Becker
concocted two or three dies of Diadumenian's aurei, but not one of them corresponds to the piece described, which, in other respects, seemsto have no cause for suspicion,beyondthe somewhat weak lettering of the words of the legend on the reverse; a feature which,
however, also occurs on some of the coins of Macrinus.
I may add lastly that my piecewas purchased me of by MM. Hollin and Feuardent,who had previously acquired
it from the late G. I. Demetrio, of Eamleh, a most con-
scientious savant, whoseoriginal letter on the subjectis in my possession. statesthat he bought it from a He
Cairo merchant, in whom he had the fullest confidence,
and whoinformedhim that it had been found in Upper Egypt at Akhmim (Panopolite Nome), and that the fellah who found it, when digging, had given it to his wife, who wore it round her neck. A Copt bought it
from her, and sold it at Cairo to the before-mentioned
78
merchant. While on the subject,I may refer to Cohen's

No. 5, which is stated to be describedfrom a piece in the British Museum. There is no such piecethere, nor any other aureus of this Emperor than that referred to by me.
ELAGABALTTS.
108. Oh.-IMP.
C. M. AYE
ANTONINYS
F. AYG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
ev.-EECTOE OEBIS. The nude figure of Elagabalus to 1., laureate, and with a mantle thrown over his left shoulder; in his right hand a globe, and in his left a spear. 113 grs. [No.
549]
This unpublished piece (from the D'Amecourt sale, Lot 460) is of a very large module, and is evidently of Asiatic fabric. The proud title of EECTOE OEBIS has not been previously recorded as occurring on any of his coins, though it is found upon those of Didius Julianus, SeptimiusSeverus,and Caracalla.
109. A similar piece, but with the head of the Emperor to
1. insteadof to r. 111grs. [No. 550.] This is also unpublished,and probably unique. It is
somewhatpeculiar that these piecesof large module

should be of such comparatively light weight, but the flans are, of course, somewhat thinner than those of the ordinary type.
SEVERUS ALEXANDER.
110, 0fo-IMP.
ALEXANDEE
PIYS AYG.
Laureate,
draped,and cuirassed bust to r. Rev.-MARS YLTOE. Mars in military dress r., holdto
ing a spear a buckler,109J and grs, [No. 562.]
BARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS.
79
This piece(with the omission any reference the of to

cuirass on the bust) is describedby Cohen (No. 160) from the Ancien Catalogue the French Cabinet only. The of
readingon the obverse a very rare form on the coinsof is

this Emperor.
111. Obv.- IMP. C. M. AYGK SET. ALEXAND. AYGL
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. TE. P. VII COS. IT. P. P. Mars, nude, helmeted, with flowing mantle, marching to r ,
carrying a spearand a trophy. 94 grs. [No.

559,]
This also is described by Cohen (No. 331) only from the Ancien Catalogue,which, for the benefit of English readers,I should explain, denotesthat an example of the
piece was originally in the French Cabinet but it is no ; longerthere,owing either to the great robberyin 1831,
or someprevious depredation.
112. Obv.- IMP. C. M. AYE. SEY. ALEXAND. AYG.
Laureate and draped bust to r. ;.- P.M. TE. P. YII. COS. H. P. P. Mars to r., nude, helmeted, and with flowing mantle, carrying a spear and a trophy. A half-aureus.
48J grs. [No. 560.] This unpublished half-aureus seems to resemble the
aureus described Cohen by (No.331) only from the Ancien

Catalogue the French Cabinet. in
113. Olv.-. IMP. SEY. ALEXAND. AYGK Laureate head
to r., with signs of aegis. .- P.M. TE. P. Yim. COS. m.
P. P.
Mars,
laureate,marchingto r., carrying a spearand a trophy. 100grs. [No. 561.]
This is common, and is describedby Cohen(No* 395)

silver, but is unpublished in gold.
80 114. Oh-IMP.
NUMISMATIC CHKONICLE. ALEXANDER PIYS AYGK Laureate
and draped bust to r.
&v.-P.M.
TE. P. XI. COS. in.
P. P. Sol (perhaps
a representation of the Emperor) to 1., with flowing mantle, raising his right hand, and carrying a whip in his left. A half-aureus.
52Jgrs. [No, 563.]
Also unpublished. It was originally in the Lefroy, and afterwards Lord Bagot's collection, and, at the sale of the latter, it was purchased for M. Belfort, who subsequently disposed his own cabinet. The half-aurei of of SeverusAlexander are very rare, only four types being describedby Cohen, not one of which is in the French
Gabinet. Two are in the British Museum, one in Yiennsr,
and the fourth is described from Gaylus only.
There is
apparently no justification for the denominationof " quinarius usedby Cohen " and otherauthorsin describing the half-aureus. The quinariuscan,as its derivation
shows,only apply to a half-denarius.
URAJSTUS AOTONINUS.
115. Olv.-Ij.
IYL. AYE. SVLP. (L and P in ligature) ANTONINYS. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed
bust to 1.
Jbv.-SAECYLAEES AYGQ A cippus, inscribed COS. I, with traces of another S before the I.
81 grs. [No. 567.] PL II. 15.
This uniquepieceis from the Belfort sale(Lot 1,417),

and brings to mind a very similar one, issued by
Philip L, the cippuson which is inscribedCOSIII.
My
coin is describedby Froehner in the Annuaire de la Societt de Numismatique,1886, p. 161.

116. Qfa.-L. IYL. AYE. SYLP. YEA. ANTONINYS.
Laureate,draped,and cuirassed bust to r.
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMANGOLDCOINS. ^.-VICTORIA

PL n. 16.
81
AVGK
Victory to 1., holding a
wreath and a palm-branch. 89 grs. [No. 568 ]
Thisalsoappears be unique and unpublished. The to

aurei of Uranius Antoninus, though still of excessive
rarity, arenot quite so rare now as wasthe case formerly.

There appearsto have been a small find of them recently, in which were contained several new types. In my collection I havetwo other aurei, one (CohenNo. 1) of the CONSERVATOR AVG. type, from the same die as the
one in the British Museum, and another of the FECVN-
DITAS AVGK (the most ordinary) type. M. Lenormant, in the RevueNumismatique, 1843,pp. 255-278,has written fully concerning the reign and coins of this tyrant, and suggeststhe attribution of the latter to the time of Severus
Alexander, I agreewith him that they wereprobably and

struck at Emisa, in Syria. Cohen is of the same opinion as -Froehner,instancing as a further confirmation of the date to which these pieces are attributed, the fact that they resemble fabric the aurei of Elagabalus struck in in
Syria. Onthe other hand, I cannot avoidthinking that

the coin inscribed SAECVLARES AVGrGr. is in imitation
of the coinofPhilip, struckby him on his commemorating,

by meansof the Ludi Saeculares, thousandth anniverthe sary of the date when Rome was founded. The AVGGK
mayin that case refer to Philip and Uranius(and not to Philip and his son,as on his coin),in the same way as Carausius, under similar circumstances, struck pieces
associating his own name with that of Diocletian and Maximianus. In that case,however, Uranius could not
have perished,as Lenormant suggests, before Severus

Alexander
VOL. XVII.
crossed over into Asia in 231 A.D., but must

THIRD SERIES. M
have continued to strike until, at all events, 248 A.D.,
82
whenthe Ludi Saeculares were celebrated; unless,indeed, some subsequentpretender continued to strike in his
name.
GOEDIAN HE.
117. 0^.-
IMP.
reate
CAES. GOEDIANYS
bust to r.
PIVS
AYGL
Lau-
Rev.- P.M. TE. P. IL COS. P.P.
Gordianus, veiled, to
L, sacrificingat a tripod, and holding a sceptre. 74J grs. [No. 574.] This differs from Cohen (Nos. 209 and 214), on which
the obverse legends IMP . CAESAE M . ANT . GOEare

DIANYS AVGK and IMP . GOEDIANYS PIYS FEL.
AYGr. respectively.
118. 0J0.- IMP. CAES. GOEDIANYS PIVS AYG. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. J5w.- LIBEEALITAS AYG. H. Liberality to L, holding a tessera and a double cornucopiae.
78grs. [No. 573.]
This again differs on the obverseonly from Cohen
(No.12*9) whichthereis no drapery cuirass, on or and

the legendruns IMP . CAES. M . ANT . GOEDIANYS
AYG.
PHILIP
THE
119. 020.--IMP. PBHIPPYS
and cuirassed bust to r.
AYG.
Laureate, draped,
R&Q.-SAECVLAEES AYGG. Cippusinscribed COS. III. 72grs. [No. 582.]
This is the example lately in the Poydenotcollection, fromwhich Cohen (No. 191)described type. Another the
HARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS.
83
example, grainslighter in weight,wasin the D'Ameten

court collection. I have included it in this paper partly because illustrates my remarks on the similar piece of it TTranius Antoninus, and partly becauseboth Cohen and
the compiler of the sale catalogueof the Poydenot

collection (Paris, November, 1894) omit any reference to the cuirasson the bust, which, it is true, is but slightly depicted. A similar coin of Otacilia appears to have been included in the Ancien Catalogue.
120. Olv.--IMP. PEHJPPVS AYGr. Laureate, draped,
and euirassed bust to r.
Rev.-SAECYLYM NOYYM. Temple with six columns, in the centre of which is Jupiter (or Roma)
seated facing. 69J grs. (holed). [No. 583.]
This interesting piece (from the Belfort sale), struck
in commemoration Rome'smillennium,is unpublished, of sofar asPhilip is concerned, onewouldhaveexpected but

to have met with an exampleof it, inasmuch as an exactly
similiar aureus(Cohen, No. 71) in the British Museum

was struck with the effigy of Otacilia Severa. The statue within the temple appears to be rather that of f Jupiter than of Roma,though in connectionwith somewhatsimilar
pieces, Cohen, under Philip, described as the former, it

and, under Otacilia, as the latter.
ETRTTSCILLA.
121. Qfo.-HEE, ETELSOILLA(sic) AYGK Busttor.

0.-PYDICITIA AYCK Pudicitia seatedto 1., cover-
ing her facewith a veil, and holding a sceptre; behindher, a column. 66 grs. [No. 596. J
I obtained coin from Germany. It is clearly an this
imitation,probably Pannonian, the well-known of type
84
NUMISMATIC CHBONICLE.
(Cohen, No. 18). The column seems be an exaggerato tion of the back of the seat, depicted on the original piece.
VOLTJSIANTJS.
122. Obv -IMP.
CAE
G. YIB.
YOLYSIANO
AYGK
Ea-
diate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. ev -CONCOEDIA AYGGK Concord seated to I, holding a patera and double cornucopiae; a
star to the r., in the field. 85grs. [No. 605.]
A variety of Cohen (No. 24). While dealing with this

reign, I may mention that Cohen,in his valuable work, at or about this stage, and subsequently,often neglects to describe minutely the bust of the Emperor as in former
reigns,sothat it is often doubtful whether such bust is draped not. As an example, or No. 10, of which I have a specimen, which the bust is drapedand cuirassed, on
is described simply as bearing a laureate bust. This, I think, should be amended in future editions. The
aureibearingthe bust,with radiate crown,are (as is the
case witlj the silverpieces) largerandheavier those than

with laureate busts.
123.
Oil?.-IMP.
CAE.
0.
YIB.
YOLYSIANO
AYGK
Ea-
diate and draped bust to r. (described by Cohen as radiate only). Ret).-PIETAS AYGGK Piety to L, before a lighted altar, raising both her hands. 73 grs. [No.
607.]
This is described silver only (Cohen, in No. 88). A further example gold, in somewhat in inferior condition,
occurredin the collection of the Vicomte de Quelen.
RATIEAND UNPUBLISHED ROMANGOLDCOINS.

AEMTLIANTTS.
85
124. Oh.-IMP.
CAES.
AEMILIAJSTYS
P.
P.
AYG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. j&y.-DIANAE YICTEI. Diana to 1., holding in her right hand an arrow, in her left a bow. 50^ grs.
(holed). [No. 608.]
This is a variety of Cohen (No. 9). The aurei of

Aemilian are excessivelyrare, and but very few examples
areknown. The specimen described Cohen(No. 4) is by the examplein the British Museum, which, however,is distinctly and unmistakably of Becker'sforgeries. one
VALERIAN. 125. Olv.-IMP. C. P. LIC. VALEEIANVS AVG. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. jta,.-P.M. TE. P. III. COS.HI. P, P. Valerian, veiled, 58J grs.
to r., sacrificingat a lighted tripod, and holding

a sceptre surmounted by an eagle.
[No. 609.]
This is described Cohen by (No. 162) from an example (whichmay be mine) from the Ventede Moustieronly.
The legend on the obversedoesnot include P . P., aswould
be inferred from his descriptionboth of this pieceand of

a similar type in the D'Am^court collection. Of the latter he gives an illustration, on which the legend reads correctly.
126. Obo,-IMP. C. P. LIO. VAJLEEIANVS P.P. AVG.
Laureate,draped,and cuirassed bustto r.

w.-EESTITVTOE OEBIS. Valerian in military apparel to 1., raising a kneeling woman with turreted crown; in his left hand, a spear,
63i grs. [No. 613.]
Cohen(No. 181) describes half-aureusonly of this a
86
3STTJMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
type, which is in the French National Collection. The aureusappearsto be unpublished.

127. Oh.-IMP. 0. P. MO. YALEEIANYS AYG. Lau-
reate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r. ev.-EOMAE AETEENAE. Eoma seated to 1., on
a buckler, holding a Victory and a spear. 52J grs. [No. 614.] Describedby Cohen (No. 191) from the Ancien Catalogueonly.
128. Olv.-IMP. C. P. HO. YALEEIANYS P. P. AYG.
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust to r.
.-YIETYS
AYGG. Mars marching to r., holding Ling r

37 grs. , [No. 615.]
a spear and a trophy.
Unpublished gold,though on a billon coin a similar in reversetype,but with the Emperor's headon the obverse radiate, in thepossessionMM. Eollin andFeuardent, was of
and is describedby Cohen (No. 267). My pieceis some-
what smallin size,and not in the higheststateof preservation ; henceits light weight.
GAUJENTTS.
129. Ok>.-.IMP.
C. P.
LIC.
GAJLLIENYS
bust to r.
P.P.
AYG.
Laureate
and cuirassed
Rev.-YIETYS AYGG. Mars marching to r., holding a spearand a trophy. 32 grs. [No. 620.]
Except as regardsthe bust and obverse legend,this unpublished variety resembles Cohen(No. 1,269),which is described from Caylus only.
130. 0^.-IMP. GALLIENYS AYG. Laureate head to r.
Rev.-ABYNDANTIA AYG. Abundance r., emptyto ing her cornucopiae. 22J grs. [No. 622.]
RARE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMANGOLD COINS.
87
This seems correspond to with Cohen(No. 3), which is

describedfrom the Schellersheim collection only, and is
denominated quinarius. The weight of my piecewould a not, under any other reign, be inconsistentwith this attribution, but I havelong sincegiven up the task of attemptingto reconcile fix any reasonable or basis the for weightsof the gold coinsof this Emperor.
131. Olv.-GAUJDE2STVS AYGK
cuirassed bust to r.
Laureate, draped, and
jfte.-:AETEENITAS AVGK The Sun, radiate, to L, raising his right hand, and holding a globe in
Ms left. 14 grs. [No. 623.] Whether this very small piece is the one intended to
be described Cohen(No. 43) or not, it is difficult to by

know. He statesthat it is of very small module, and that
it wasin the possession M. Bollin. My examplecame of

from the D'Amcourt collection, and the figure of the Sun is turned to the left as on the gold piece (Cohen, No. 37), and is not facing, as describedby the author.
132. Qlv.-GATiTiTENYS
bust to r.
AYGK
Laureate
and cuirassed
j&0.-rECYNBITAS AVGK Fecundity to L, extending her right hand to a child, and in her left
holding a cornucopiae. 23grs. [No. 624.]
Theonly coin hitherto publishedbearingthis legendis

a billon piece describedby Cohen (No. 179).
133. Olv,-GALIJENVS AYQ-. Badiate bust to r.
JK00.-EIDEI PBAET. Three military ensigns. 81f grs. [No. 625.] PL II. 17.
Described(Cohen,No. 215) from the Ancien Catalogueonly.
88
134. O^.-GALLIENYS
and cuirassed
P. E. AYG.
bust to r.
Laureate, draped,
EEDYX.
Fortune to I., holding in
her right hand a rudder, under which is a
globe; in her left, a cornucopiae in field on r. ; S . 22J grs. [No. 627] This appears be the identical specimenwhich wasin to
the D'Amecourt collection, and from which
Cohen's
description (No. 274) was taken. The author, however, has omitted to refer to the letter on the right in the field,
which seems to be S. IMP.
meted
135. Ok.-
GALLIENYS
and cuirassed
PIYS
FEL.
AYG.
Hel-
bust to r.
Rev. IANO PATEI. Janus to 1.,holding a pateraand a sceptre. 67Jgrs, [No. 629.]
Cohendescribes this rare piece (No. 320) from the

Ancien Catalogue only. The type of both the
Emperor'sbust and that of Janus is sufficientto constitute this an exceptionally interesting coin, and it is to
be regrettedthat its stateof preservation leaves muchto

be desired. So extended a time during the reign of Gallienus wasdevotedto warlike enterprise,that it canbe
well imagined that anycoinrepresenting cult of Janus the

should have been struck but in very small quantities, and should, therefore, be now of great rarity.
136. Obv.- GALLIENYS AYG. Radiate head to r.
AYG.
Liberality to 1., holding
tessera and cornucopiae ; in the field to 1., P.
64^grs. [No. 631.]
Thisis a variety of Cohen (No. 561),onwhich the bust

is apparently cuirassed,
BAKE AND UNPUBLISHED ROMAN GOLD COINS. 137. Obv.- IMP. 0. P. LIG. GALLIENYS
to r.
89
AYG.
Laureate
and cuirass ed bust
Her.- PBOYIDENTIA AYGG. Providence to L, holding in her right hand a wand, with which she indicates a globe at her feet; and in her left
hand, a cornucopiae. 43 grs. [No. 618.]
This unpublished piece resembles, all but the obin verselegend,the half-aureusdescribedby Cohenunder
No. 879. 138. Olv.GALLIENYS AYG. Laureate bust to r.
.Zfo?.YBIQYE PAX. [No. 635.]
Yictory in biga to r.
20 grs.
The coins with this reverse type have always a more or lesssatirical aspect. Somebear the legend GrALLIENAE AYGVSTAE, whilst others bear the Emperor's bust crownedwith corn-wreaths or grass. I find no record of any with the laureate bust.
SALONDOJS of Gallienus). (Son
139. Olv.- DIVO
cuirassed
CAES YALEEIANO.
bust to r.
Draped and
Eagle with open wings to L, looking to the right. 37 grs. [No. 646.] This piece was evidently struck on the death of Saloninus,and although included in the De Quelen sale (Lot 1,726), whence it came into my collection, it is not
publishedby Cohen. The samecoin probably figured as Lot 1,806in the sale,in 1878,of Roman coinsbelonging to M. Jarry of Orleans.
[H. MONTAGU.]
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. N
MISCELLANEA.
THREE
KABE
MEDALS
MADE BY
W.
MOSSOP. -
William
Mossop (born 1751, died 1806), a -working jeweller and diesinker in Dublin, who designedand executed several original medals of high character and superior workmanship about one hundred years ago, none of which are more remarkable than his first untrained effort in medallic art, that of a portrait of the play-actor, Thomas Ryder, struck in 1782, was accustomed to rely altogether on his own genius and skill in design in the preparation of delicate wax models and in the subsequent preparation of the steel dies for striking his medals. In other words, his works are strictly his own, both in conception and execution,not copied from or prompted by extraneoussuggestions. To this general statement the three medals now described aie exceptional, for they are beyond question, to a large extent, replicas of originals made at Berlin. The complete set of these Berlin medals are six in number, the work of Ferdinand and Daniel Loos m the year 1794, intended to
record the excesses of the French Revolution, the death of Louis XVL, of Marie Antoinette, and of their son, the unfor-
tunate Dauphin. There are two silver medalsbeloaging to this series in my possession, which are submitted for comparison with the " Mossop " medals to be subsequentlydescribed. No, 1. Louis XYI.-Head of King to right, with flowing hair, inscribed, LOUIS XYI. ROI DE FR. IMMOL]6 PAR LES FACTIEUX. Beneath the
neck in small letters F. L,
Tlev.-A veiled woman weeping, seated beside an urn

inscribed LOUIS XVI.; covered with fleur-de-lis, bundle of fasces. the woman's robe is and at her feet are a is a cloud, from
torn scroll, upturned crown, axe, and loosened

Above
whichlightningissues. Motto, PLEUR^SEX VENOMS LE! In the exergue, XXI LE

IANVIER MDCCXOni.
Size 1-2, silver.
MISCELLANEA.
91
Although Mossop engraved a replica of this medal contrary to his ordinary practice, he appears to have contemplatedpre-
paringanotherdie, after a portrait modelledby himself; for I

possessa work of this kind executed in modelling was on a piece of ordinary slate, which was the usual procedure with him when making original designs. I have several of these wax preparations by him intended subsequentlyto be utilised
for medals. No. 2. Marie Antoinette.-Head and clothed bust of the
Queento left, wearing on her breast a medallion

of Louis XVI., inscribed, MARIE ANTOINETTE EEINE DE FRANCE, and in small letters underneath, LOOS.
Rev.-A
Fury holding a torch and weighing in scales a dagger against a crown inscribed LA LOI. Inscription, I'ACCUSE IE IUGE I'EXTERMINE. In the exergue, LE XVI OCTOBKE
MDCCXCIII.
Size 1'2, silver. MOSSOP'S MEDALS.
No. 1. Louis XVI.-The obv and rev. copied closely from the medal by Loos. The inscriptions are in larger letters, to admit of which the size of the medal is somewhatenlarged, being 1 3. Beneath the head of the King, in small letters, is seen
w. M.
Size 1*3, white metal.

No. 2. Marie Antoinette.-This medal differs in details
from that made by Loos. The bust looks to right, the hair is arranged with pearls, and the back part or knot appearsto resemble a small crown : dress ornamented with lis and jewels. Inscription, MARIE ANTOINETTE REINE HE
FRANCE. In minute letters under head, w. M. jto.-Inscription in five lines: IMMOLEE I PAR LES FACTIEUX I LE 16. OCT. 1793. = PLEUR^S
ET JVENG^B LA!
Size 1*35, white metal.
No. 3 The Dauphin.-Bust with long hair, clothed, to right. LOUIS XVH ROI DE FRANCE. In
minute letters below head, w. M.
92
NUMISMATIC CHBONIGLE.
&T.-Inscription fivelines:SI T6T | QU'ILHAIT in

UN ROI \ DOIT ON CESSEB | BE L'fiTRE?
1793.
Size 1-2, struck in white metal.
These three medalswere acquired from separatesourcesand at long intervals. I obtained my first acquaintancewith the senesthrough a friend who permitted me to have a replica in electrotypeof the last piece, as he wished to retain the original, which was struck in white metal. I have lately ascertained that a similar white metal impression was m the possession of Sir Frederick Shaw, Bart., and am able to exhibit it, together with my electrotype. There are therefore now two impressions of this medal of the Dauphin known to me. Some years subsequent to this discovery I purchased in Dublin the medal relating to the death of Louis XYL, also in white metal. I know of no other examplethan this one. At a still later date the medal relating to Marie Antoinette reached me, together with a small miscellaneouscollection of coins and medals. This also is the only specimen that has come under my notice. Two of these medalsare briefly noticed in a paper by me on the " Medallists of Ireland and their Work" (see voL vii., 4th Series, Kilkenny Arch&ological Journal for 1885-86). The third medal of the series is undescribed, and as they are all rare and almost unknown, I believe they deserve to obtain wider attention. Why they were madewe know not, for there
is no reference them in an old publishedlist of Mossop's to

medals. Perhaps they were struck at the request of some
Frenchemigrant,of whomnumbers came Ireland duringthe to devolution. Perhapsthey were trial piecesto occupy the
artist's leisure hours. At all events, few appear to have been
struck,andthe dieshavedisappeared.It is fortunate they all

are marked by Mossop's well-known initials, W. M., and can thus be identified as his work; for at least they are creditable specimensof his skill. I should say that original im-
pressions white metal of any of the elder Mossop's in medals

circulation. Many of his dies were in the possessionof the
areexceptionally ashe did notstrike rare, them general for

late Mr. Woodhouse, and from themwhite metal impressionswere struck as specialspecimens the late Dr. Joly for
and for my cabinet, and there are in my possession two
of his steeldies. There are alsoabout six dies in the Boyal

Irish Academy Museum. Where the others are at present I
do not know. W* FBAZEE.
GEEEK COINSACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MDSEUM

IN 1896.
(SeePlatesHI, IV., V., VI.)
THEfollowingtableha.s beenpreparedto showthe numerical increase of the British Museum collection of Greek
coins sincethe year 1887,and includesthe acquisitions of 1896 (Januaryto December), which form the subject
of the present paper,1
G-REEK COINS ACQUIRED 1887-1896.
Year. Gold and Silver.
Electrum.
8 10 12 5 16 10 4 31
Bronze, &c
no 228 270 70 73 348 281 453
Total.
176 455 347 177 369 457 403 648
1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894
58 217 65 102 280 99 118 164
1895
1896
20
54
178
428
479
170
677
652
Total.
170
1,709
2,482
4,361
1 Important Greek acquisitions the Department Coins of of

and Medals from the year 1887 onwards will befound described
VOL. XVH. THIRD SERIES. O
94
NUMISMATICCHRONICLE.
During the last three years the collection has increased
"withgreatrapidity, andthe additionsduring that period

are only about 400 less than those of the seven years 1887-1893; 652, the total number of coins acquired during 1896, is only exceeded by the total for the year
1895,but the acquisitions 1896 far surpass only of not

1895 but-any previous year in respect of their rarity, beauty, and costliness. This is due to the circumstance that Her Majesty's Treasury has, on the urgent representation of the Keeper of Coins and the Trusteesof the Museum, made to the department a liberal special grant,
whichhas beenwholly expended the magnificent at coin salesof the late Mr. Hyman Montaguand the late Sir
Edward Bunbury. The Montagu Sale of Greek coins took place at Sotheby's in March, 1896,2 and the Bunbury collection was sold during the same year in two portions, the
first in June, the second in December. As will be seen
from the list of lots appended to this article, the British
Museum boughtlargely, both at the Montaguand Bunbury sales,*and the coins thus procured form the bulk of the Greek acquisition'sduring the past year. A certain
by me in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1888, p. 1 f.; 1889, p. 249 f.; 1890, p. 311 f.; 1891, p. 116 f.; 1891, p. 117 f.; 1892, p, 1 f.; 1898, p. 1 f. " 1894, p. 1 f.; 1895, p. 89 f.; 1896, p. 85 f- I have had the advantage of consulting the
sectionon Greekcoins written by Mr. Barclay Head for the

Report on the British Museum annually presentedto the House
of Commons.
2 A supplementarysale took place in March, 1897. 3 The Museum bought both at the first and secondBunbury
sale. Its acquisitions the secondsale (December, at 1896)are

not, however, referred to in the present paper, on account of their being entered, for convenience,in the official registers for 1897. I hope, next year, to give an account of some interesting piecesfrom this secondsale.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 95
number of additions to the Greek series are, however,
gifts, due to the kindness the late Sir Edward Bunof bury (see infra, No. 1 and PI. VI.); Sir Henry Bunbury,4
Mr. E. Grant Duff, the Egypt Exploration Fund, the late Sir Wbllaston Franks, Mr. L. A. Lawrence, Mr. W. E. Paton, Mr. 0. B,. Peers,and Dr. Hermann Weber.5 In the present paper it has only been possible to make
a comparatively small selection from the treasures recently

acquired, but I am glad to be able to illustrate, in the
four accompaying plates, nearly all the specimens that

have been selected for notice. ITALIAN AES SI&NATUM.
1. Obv.-Bull walking r.; head facing.
ev.-Bull walking1.; headfacing. -33. Size,6-7 x 3-7 inch. Wt. 27,627 grs. [PL VI., rev. actual size.]
This fine exampleof the quincussiswas once in the Pembroke collection. The engraving of it given in
the Pembroke Num. Ant.9 iii. 119, under th,e heading
NummusGraecorum antiquissimus, inadequatelyrepresents the sturdy vigour of the original, and has caused
Milani6 to doubt the genuineness the specimen. A of

4 Sir Henry Bunbury's gift includes four interestingcoins
purchasedby him at the sale of his uncle's collection (Bunbury
Sale,second portion),for presentationto the British Museum.

I hope to refer to these in a future article. 5 Two extremely interesting tetradrachms of Athens of the archaic period, purchased by Dr. Weber at the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 975, and kindly presented by him to the Museum. One of these coins has already been photographed,
and fully commented by Sir EdwardBunbury,in the Num. on

Ckron. for 1881, p. 77 ; PL IT. 1. p. 91.
6 Milaniin EivistaItaliana di Num.(1891),TV., 36, No. 6a \ p.
96
OTMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
glance the original will, I am sure,dispelall doubtsas at

to its authenticity. It is of the usual brick-like form, and is covered with a rough and irregularly distributed patina of dull bluish-green, with here and there some spots of green of a lighter tint. It was sold at the Pembroke auction in 1848 (lot 294) to Mr. Curt, and afterwards passedinto the collection of Sir Edward Bunbury, who bequeathed to the British Museum. it Only two other specimensof this type are known, one
at Paris,7 other at Berlin.8 The latter formed the part of

the find made in 1890 at La Bruna in TJmbria, between
Spoleto Todi. Milani,9in his description the quinand of

cusses from this find, assignsthe specimenwith the bull types to the period 272-262 B.C., but I agree with Dr. Dressel10 thinking that specimensof this type must bein long (if only on grounds of style) to the latter part of the fourth century (B.C.350-300). TABENTUM (CALABRIA).
2. Obv.-Head of Apollo r., laureate; hair falling in curls;
behind NC.
Eev.-TAPANTINUN
(on r.) Eagle r., on thunderbefore eagle, owl.
bolt; beneath, XA;
JT. Size '5. Wt. 33 grs. [PI. m. 1.]

From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 76.
A similar quarter stater is in the Berlin collection, Dressel, Beschreibung III., pt. 1, p. 229. The owl occurs as
7 Engraved by Babelon, Mommiesde la tepub. rom. L, pp. 2, 3; Garrucci, PI. XX., p. 11.
8 Dressel, Beschreibung ant. Munzm,III., pt. 1, PI. C,D; der

pp, ix.,x. 9 Op. cit.t p. 27 ft 10Op. cit.t p. ix.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
97
a symbol on the gold staters assigned Mr. Arthur by

Evans (Horsemen Tarentum, p. 141, Nos. 1-3) to the of same period, namely, circ. B.C. 281, when the Tarentines had called Pyrrhus to their aid. Twelve didrachms of the horsemantype were also procured at the Bunbury Sale, lots 95 and 96. The magis-
trates' names FIAMMHNOZ and NOKPA given in the

Catalogue(lot 95), should be respectively corrected to
<NAHMENO and ZENOKPATH& The AAHN P of
lot 96 is the magistrate [<|>]IA1N. HERAXJLEA (LUCANIA).

8. Obv.-Head of young Herakles, nearly facing; lion's skin ; to L, club. wears
Eev.-(Traces of inscription). Heraklesnaked,standing r., stranglinglion; 4>betweenlegsof Herakles;

behind him, club.
JR, -55. Wt. 16 grs. [PI. Ill
2,]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 37.
On the diobolsthe headof Herakles is usuallyin profile. It is here represented nearly facing, and with a peculiarintensity of expression.
LAOS(LUCANIA).
4. Obv.-Female head r., wearing wreath, earring, and necklace } hair rolled and bound with cord j behind, AEP ? (magistrate's name).
Sev.-AAINUN
H
Crow standingr.; in field r., bull's

head reversed; circular incuse.
M.
Size -85. [PL m. 3.]
From the Tunbury Pale, June, 1896, lot 119,
98
A fine specimen,11 circ. B.C.400. The wreath is almost certainly of myrtle, and the goddess, therefore,Aphrodite. CAULONIA. (BBUTTII).
5. Obv.-Naked male figure, with long hair, advancing r.; r. hand upraised (holding branch); 1. hand ex-
tendedahove pedestal altar), on which, stag. (or JSev.-KAYAJQNIAT. - Stag standing behindstag, r.;
branch of ivy with leaves and berries.
M.
Size-9. Wt. 120-4grs. [PI. HI. 4.]
TEBINA (BKUTTH).
6. Obv.-Female head L, wearing ampyx and necklace with pendant.
Rev.-TEP INAION
Nike,wearingchitonand peplos,
seated on hydria; in r. wreath ; in 1.cadueeus.1* 1.
JR. Size 1. Wt. 113 grs. [PI. in. 5.]

GEL (SICILY). A
7. Obv.-C EA A ^ Fore-part of man-headed bull r.
(Biver Gelas).
Rev.-Quadriga r.; horses ci owned by Nike; border of
dots.
Jt.
Size-95. Wt. 266grs. [PI. III. 7 obv.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 98; PI. H. 98.
11Brit. Mm. Cat., Italy, p. 236, No. 11; Imhoof-Blumer,

Monnaies Grecques, 4, No. 15. p. 13From the same die on both sides as Brit. Mus. Cat., Italy, p. 387, No. 8, which is, however, in inferior preservation, and
hasthe reverse inscription[TEP] INAION
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY. THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
99
SYRACUSE (SICILY).
8. Obv.-Female head 1. wearing earring and necklace; hair in sphendone, ornamented with stars ; around, dolphins; beneath, on tablet, EYKA (the en-
graverEukleides).
Eev.-Quadriga 1.; Nike flying r. to crown charioteer.
M.
Size-95. Wt. 264 grs. [PI. III. 8 obi).}
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 460. 9. Obv.-^YPAKOÎ. Type similar to last, varied.
Eev.-Type similar to last.
JR. Size -95. Wt. 266 grs. [PI. III. 9.]

Fiom the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 461.
SYRACUSE.
10. Obv.-Head of Arethusa, three-quarter face, towards L, wearing ampyx, earring, and necklace ; dolphins swimming among the loose locks of hair; above outside border, A PEG [oÂ].
Eev.-In exergue ^YPAKOÎflN
and ear of barley.
Quadriga driven 1. by male charioteer holding long goad; horses in high action; above, Nike flying r. to crown charioteer; on exergual line, KIMI2N ; plain border,
M.
Size 1-1. Wt. 263-2 grs. [PI. in. 6.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 154. AMPHIPOLIS (MACEDONIA). 11. Obv.-Head of Apollo, three-quarter face, towards r.; laureate; border of dots.
Eev.-AM4>IPOAITEHN written on a raised frame, within whiehis a torch; wholein incusesquare. M. Size1. Wt 219 grs. [PI. IIL 10.]
100
CHALCIDICE
12. Obv.-Head of Apollo r., laureate, hair short. Rev.-X A A K I A E II N incuse square. Lyre with seven strings
M. Size 95. Wt. 221-5grs. [PL III. 11.

Thetetradrachms the Federal Currencyof the Ohal of cidian League,B.C.392-379, though uniform in type
vary much, as regards the obverse, style and treatmem in
Not leas than four principal stylesmay bedistinguished

I. A head of Apollo treated with great purity and sim
plicity, exemplifiedat its best in the fine specimen her photographed. Imitations of this faultless original di
seem to have been not unfrequently undertaken at th
Chalcidianmint (Olynthus). The specimen figured ii

the Guide to the Coins of the Ancients,PL XXI. No. 1C is an instance; but the nose and the mouth, and especial!
the eye, oftenclumsilydealtwith, andbetraythe ham are of themeremechanic. A type of the same II. simplicity a
No. I, but the head more feminine and the cheeksfulle
(hair short). A beautiful specimenis in the Britisj

Museum, Guide to the Coins of the Ancients, PL XXI No. 11. III. A head of Apollo somewhat resemblinj Demeter or Persephone; hair long; the 'wreath often ii
very high relief: Bnt. Mus. Cat., Macedon, 8 ; Yoi No.

Sallet, Beschreibung, PL IV. 30; Loebbecke,Z. R N. ii.
xvii. PL IY. 3. IY. A head generally resembling III. No.

but characterisedby the rich treatment of the hair ant wreath, the latter being composed berries as well as o of leaves minutely veined: Num. Chron., 1890, PL XIX
5,1* 316; cp.Num. Chron., p. 1891,p. 116; see Greau, also

Devript. des med. Gr., Paris, 1867, PL II. 1120. (Cp. jBnt. Mils. Cat., Hacedon,No, 11).
ALEXANDER THE GBEAT.
13. Olv.-Head of Herakles r., in lion's skin " border of dotg. fteVi-AAEZANAPoY Zeus seated L, holding eagle and sceptre; beneath seat Ê; before Zeus, conical stone surmounted by star, and Q.
Size1-2. Wt. 262-5 grs. (=Muller, No. 645.) [PL IV. 1.]
From the Bunbury Sale, June, 1896, lot 760. ODESSUS (THRACE).
14. Obv.-Bearded Rev.-OEOY male head r., bound with taenia. MEfAAOY OAH Bearded male
figure, wearing taenia, chiton, and himation, standing L ; in outstretched r, patera; in 1. cor-
nucopias in exergue, KYPZA ;

name).
(magistrate's
M.
Size 1-25. Wt. 247 grs. [PL IV. 2.]
Fiom the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 288.
The obverse and reverseof this rare tetradrachm u (circ. B.C.200 or later) evidently represent the same divinity. The cornucopiasis an attribute, though a comparatively rare one,of Sarapis,and on the Imperial coins of Odessus figures of an undoubted Sarapis. occur.15 On the other
13The photograph is unsatisfactory, and fails to reproducethe details of the original.
14 Mionfc p. 395, 221; Planches, 5; Michaelis, Sarapis L 69, "

standing" in Journal of Hellenic Studies,vi., p. 300 fL PL E, No. 12; Head, Hist. Num., p. 236, Fig. 169.
16Hades-Sarapis seated,with Kerberos; Sarapisstanding,1 folding sceptre, r. handupraised(Pick in Num.Zeit., XXUL, his
p. 56).
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. P
102
hand, the god represented this tetradrachmdoesnot on wear a modius,the usual head-dress Sarapis,and of the inscription OEOY MEPAAOY seemsto indicate
that a local divinity is intended. The name of the town
(OAH) is subordinated that of the god,and the into scriptionis paralleledby the AOHN AZ IAIAAOZ and
AHOAAHNOZ IMI0EHZ, which accompany the
figuresof AthenaIlias and Apollo Smintheus the late on

tetradrachms of Ilium and Alexandria Troas, towns
wherethesedivinities were speciallyworshipped.16 The 0o$ fjiiyas of Odessus,17 his cornucopias, with resembles in appearance *A<ya6o$ the AaifjL&v the Pluto of Attic and art.18 When, during the Imperial age, the cultus of
Sarapisbecameprevalent in Thrace and Mcesia^ the local
godwasprobablypartially assimilated the morepopular to divinity, and on the Imperial coinageof Odessushe wears, fact, the modius Sarapis.19 in of
THASOS.
15. 0iw.-Head of bearded Dionysos1., wearingwreath of

ivy leavesand berries.
Rev.-10AÎON
Herakles, wearing lion's skinandskirt,

in field r.,
kneeling r., shooting with bow;
kantharos; wholein linear square.
JR Size-95. Wt, 229grs. [PI. IV, 3.]

16 Wroth, Cat. Troas, XI. 8 5 PI. IV. 1. PL 17 Von Sallet,Besclireibung p. 193,No. 8, describes I, him
as der *' grosseGott" von Odessus: cp. Pick, loc. cit. 18Michaelis, op. cit., p. 807. 19See Michaelis, op. cit.^ PI. E, No. 9; the figure holds cornucopias and patera over altar. Op. a similar type on
Imperial coins of Dionysopolis Moesia PL E, No* 11), in ($. wherethe figureis probablyto be described Sarapis. its
The wreath on this noble head of Dionysos is more
ornatelytreated than is usual on coins of this type: cp.

Head, Guideto the Coim of the Ancients, PL XII. 7 ; Hist. Num., p. 228. An interesting bas-relief20found in Thasos represents Herakles shooting, as on the reverse of this
coin.
PANTICAPAEUM (TAUBIC CHERSONESE). 16. Obv.-Beardedmale head (Satyr) to L; head wreathed

with ivy ; ear pointed. Ew,-P A N Lion-headed griffin advancing I., looking to front, with spear in month; beneath, cornstalk.
#.
Size -9. Wt. 139 grs. [PL IV. 4.]
A similar specimen, struck on a smaller flan, but of the samethin fabric, is photographed the Montagu in
Sale Catalogue,PL Y. 290 (lot 290); seealso Burachkov, Greek Coloniesof SouthernRussia,PL XIX. 47, and Brit. Mm. Cat., Thrace, p. 4, 'No. 3.
In point of art the headon this coin is inferior to the heads found on the earlier staters (e.g.,Brit. Mus.Cat^ Thrace, 4, Nos. 1, 2), which representthe Satyr with p. dishevelledhair-bold and original conceptions which, if somewhat bizarre,are not grossor repulsive.
MAONETES (THESSALY). 17. Obo. Head of Zeus r., wreathedwith oak; behind, border of dots.
20SeeJoubin, BufL Corr. HelL, 1894,p. 64, PL XYL ; cf. S. Reinach, Rev,Arch., 1895,p. 106. in
104
XTJMISMAT1CCHKOiaCLE.
Itev.-MAFNHTI1N
Artemis holding bow, seated 1.
on prow ; in front, dolphin; in field r. (Bp (?).
JR. Size Wt. 64-5grs. [PI. IV. 5 olv.] -7.

Prom the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 808.
This coin is distinguishedfrom the ordinary drachms

of the sametype (cp. Brit. Mm. Cat., Tkessaly, VII. 2) PL by the minute and careful treatment of the head of Zeus.
It has all the appearance being a gem-engraver's of -work,probablyof the beginning of the second century
(circ. B.C.196).
ALEXANDEE PHEEAE(THESSALT). OF
B.C. 369-357.
18. Obv.-Head of Artemis Pheraear., wearing myrtle wreath,
earring,andnecklace; beneath, NO [IO] Z EN

Rev.-AAEHANAPEIA Lion's head r., mouth open.
Size-7. Wt. 93-5grs. [PL IY. 8.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 313.21
With AAEZANAPEIA the word Spa^/iîs understood. The stater of Alexander is inscribed AAEZ-
ANAPEIOX,
andtheMoioZAAEEANAPEION.2*
On
bronze coins of Pheraewater is seen gushing from a

lion's mouth, and here also,no doubt, a lion fountain is
represented-Hypereia, famousfountainof Pherae. the

NICOPOLIS (EPIBUS).
19. Obo.-e6A<l>AY
Elder r.
CTG
IN A
Bust
of Faustina
the
^ Originally lot 171 in the Photiades Sale, Paris, 189Q. 22Num, Chron.y1891, p, 124. .
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 105 Rev.-AKTIA within wreath of reeds.
M. Size -6. ^t. 26-5grs. [PI. IV. 6.]

A " quinarius with the samereverseoccursunder " AntoninusPius (GardnerCat.,Thessaly, Nicopolis,"No. "
24). The reverse,like many other types of the coins of
Nicopolis,refers to the AJctiainstituted by Augustus

when he founded this city on the Actian promontory.
These games wereof variouskinds, and includednautical
sports-TrXotwi/ a/ju\\a:24 wreathof reeds the represented

on the coins doubtlessformed the prize in these contests.
PHOCIS.
20. Oiu.-Bull's
head facing.
Eev.-<|>.Q Headof Apollo r,, laureate,hair flowing"

behind, laurel branch ; incuse circle.
M.
Size-55. TT144grs. [PL IY. 7.]
Struck by the Phocians at Delphi, B.C.355-346.25

ATHENS.
21. Obv.-Head of Athena r., wearing helmet ornamented with fore-parts of horses and Pegasos.
23A specimensimilar but badly preservedis describedin Brit. Mus. Cat., Thessaly,p. 105, No. 26. 24Steph Byz. 9. v. *Afcria: cp. P. Gardner in Joum. Hell. Stud., II. 96 f.
35Cp, Svoronos, No/xwr/iaTMo/ AeX0o)v, 13-16 (Bull. TO>V pp. Corr.Hell, 1896); Head,Cat. CentralUteece, 21, No. 78 p.
106
Rei\-A BAZ Ml AA ,THZ

APIZ TII1N
0E Owl on amphora; in field r., star AE between two crescents (badge of PA Mitbradates Eupator, King of Pontus); whole in olive wreath.
N. Size-8. Wt. 127 grs. [PI. IV. 9J

From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 393. Struck at Athens B.C. 87-6 under the rule of Aristion,
the partizan of Mithradates Eupator. The Athenian tetradrachms of the period bear the same names and badge.26 This stater was formerly in the Photiades Collection (1890,lot 716), and afterwards passedinto Mr. Montagu's possession. Another specimen belonged to De Luynes, and is now in the French Collection; a third is in the
Berlin Museum.27
Eus.
22. Obv.-Head of Zeus r., laureate, hair long.
Rev.-F A Eagle with closedwingsseated on capital r.

of Ionic column; in field r., thunderbolt (reverse double-struck).
N.
Size1. Wt. 188-5grs. [PI. IV. 10.]

ELIS.
23. Olv.-F
Head of Hera r., wearing earring and
Stephanos ornamentedwith palmettes. 36Wroth, Cat. Pontus, p. xxvii.; Head, Cat. Attica, p, liii; Babelon, Melanges,L, 195 ff. 27Friedlaender and Von Sallet, Das K. MunzJcabinfit, 265. No. 38Formerly in the Photiades Collection.
Jfoy.-Eagle r., wings open, within wreath of olive.
M. Size -95. Wi 189 grs. [PL IV. 11.]

From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 409,29
LACEDAEMON, KING AREUS ? B.C. 309-265.
24. Olv.-Head of king L, beardless, diademed. Rev.-A A The statue of the Apollo of Amyclae30r., helmeted, holding in upraised r. a spear; in 1., bow; the figure ends below in a column draped
with chiton and aegis(?), and ornamented with

an aplustre surmounted by a cock; on r. goat standing r.
M. Size1. Wt. 261-8grs. [PL V. 1.]

From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 414.31 NABIS,KING OF LACEDAEMON.
25. Obv.-Head of Nabisr., bearded, wearinglaurel wreath.

Rev.-BAlAEoZ NABIoZ Bearded Herakles, naked, seated 1. on rock covered with lion's skin; r. hand resting on club, 1. hand on
rock.
M. Size 1-15. Wt. 263grs. [PL Y. 2.]

From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 416,
This remarkable tetradrachm was purchased by Mr.

29Formerly in the Photiades Collection. Cp. a similar specimen in the Weber Collection, Num. Chron., 1892, PL XVI. 2. w Described by Pausanias,HE. 19,1; see on the type ImhoofBlmner and Gardner, Num. comm*on Pans., p. 59. 31The coin now described and figured is the specimen purchased by the British Museum as lot 414. In the Sale Catalogue,however, the description and illustration of another
similarspecimen 259 grs.), also in Mr. Montagu'sCollec(wt,

tion, but not disposed of at this auction, were, by an error,
substituted 414,and PLYI 414,with wreathin field of rev.; (lot cp. Gardner, Brit. Mus. Cat., Peloponnesus, XXIY. 1). PL
108
Montagu, a year or two before his death, from a well-
known Londoncoin dealer, who obtainedit, I believe,
from Greece.It has,hitherto,only beenpublished in

the MontaguSaleCatalogue. No serious doubtsas to its genuineness well be entertainedon the ground of can style and fabric, but the inscription is peculiar. The word BAZIAEHZ or BAZIAEOZ is blundered, the and form NABIOZ (unless, seems as unlikely,a blunderfor NAB1AOZ) is an unusualgenitive form of the name Na]3ts- The same genitive,however-NAB I OS-occurs
on the Lacedaemoniantetradrachm published by M. J.
P. Lambros,32 his Peloponnesos,89, and as being in p.

the difficilior lectio,may be regarded as a proof of the genuinenessof the two specimenson which it occurs,for a modern forger, wishing to concoct a coin for Nabis, would naturally have adoptedthe usual genitive
as foundin Polybiusand Diodorus^33
The tyrant Nabis(*0 Be Aa/reScu/zowW TJ/ Na/3i9-Polyb.xiii. 6), whose imageandsuperscription

have now been brought to light, was one of the least
reputable, though not, perhaps,the least interesting,of

Hellenic rulers. He first comes into notice in B.C. 207, when he succeeded making himself tyrant of Lacedaein mon on the death of Machanidas. To secure position his lie caused young son of King Lycurgus to be assassithe
nated,and ensured himselfagainst rivalry by murdering or banishinghis most eminent fellow-citizens. Thefew
wealthier citizens who remained at Sparta were forced to
32I have throughout assumedthe genuineness of this coin, but I have not had an opportunity of seeing the original.
33Compare the genitive EBPYXEAMIOZ on a coin of ELing Hebrytelmis Hebryzelnris) (or with the genitive'E/fyvre'A.yuSoc an inscription found at Athens (Num. Chron., 1894, in p. 8).
GREEK COINSACQUIREDBT THE BRITISH MUSEUM.109
satisfy his rapacious demands, if they refused or wereput to the torture and consigned the deadlyembrace an to of automaton, richly clothed,andresembling wife Apega, his but havingits armsand bosom studded with nails. In this way, and by the plunder of temple treasures, Nabisacquired money enoughto raisea considerable body
of mercenaries-a band of cut-throats, thieves, and housebreakers, selected from all the scoundrelism that had
been attracted to Sparta by his regime. He gained further adherentsby manumitting helots and slaves, and formed a profitable alliance with the pirates of
Crete.
In the treaty betweenthe Eomansand Philip, made in B.C. 204, Nabis appears one of the Roman allies, as and he now beginsto take a more active part in Peloponnesian affairs. On a trivial pretext he invadedthe territory of Megalopolis,and, though an ally of the Messenians, not deterred from seizing the city of was
Messene. From about B.C. 201 Nabis was defeated or
held in check by Philopoemen, but in 198 he held possession of Argos, where, more suo, he extorted money from the rich and ingratiated himself with the poor by cancelling debts and re-apportioning land. The garrison of Nabis was expelled from Argoa in B.C. 195, and he had already come into contact with
Flamininus, who nearly carried Sparta by assault, and

compelledNabis to sue for peace, to surrender his ships and the ports of Laconia, and ta pay a fine of 500 talents. On the departure of Flamininus, Nabis formed an alliance
with the Aetolians,but was defeatedby Philopoemen, and in B.C.192 was assassinated Alexamenus, by the
general of an Aetolian force that had been sent to his
assistance. VOL. XVII. THlkl) SERIES. Q
110
Polybius and other ancient writers furnish further
detailsof the careerof Nabis, but our inquiry here is

mainly concerned with his influence on the coinage of
Laconia. Two coinsonly bear his name-the specimen heredescribed the tetradrachmfiguredby M. Lamand bros, Peloponnesos, 89. The latter is obviouslythe p.
earlier of the two. It is inscribed NABIOZ, without
the addition of BAZIAEflZ; and with regard to its types is practicallya merecopy of a tetradrachm already in circulation at Sparta,with obverse, Head of Athena;
reverse, Herakles seated,with club (Head, Historia Numorum, p. 386, fig. S44),34 At a later date, perhaps after B.C.204, when Kabis was entering on hostilities in Pelo-
ponnese, issued tetradraclun (PI. V. 2) with the he his title of king, andwith his own portrait to takethe place
of the head of Athena. tution of laurel wreath His head is bound with a laurel
wreath and not with the regal diadem; but this substifor diadem occurs on tetradrachms
of the kings of Pergamum. The inscription AA is

omitted, perhaps becausethe issuer of the coin had no
wish to confine its circulation The two coins inscribed to Laconia. NABIOZ are of extreme
rarity, each being, so far as I know, unique. It is unlikely, therefore, that they constituted the sole currency of Nabis during the fifteen years of his reign. It is
34This tetradrachm was assigned by Sir Charles Newton to
Allaria, in Crete, and his attribution was followed in the Brit.
Mus, Cat.,Crete(" Allaria," No. 1), and in Mr. Head'sHistona

IVwm. I am now convinced by the arguments of M. Svoronos (Eev. Num., 1889, p 169 f., PL III., 1, 2, 3) that it was struck at Sparta. The tetradrachms bearing the name of Nabis, and the same seatedHerakles on the reverse, are a further proof of the Lacedaemonianorigin of the coin. On the tetradrachm
with NABIOZ (Lambros, cit.) two stars,symbolical the op. of

Dioscuri, are-addedto the Herakles type.
GREEK COINSACQUIRED THE BRITISH MUSEUM.Ill BY
possiblethat on his accession struck the tetradrachms he

with the Athena head and seatedHerakles (Hist. Num.
p. 386,fig. 244), and the simple inscription AA. But,

however this may have been, he must at least have neededsome smaller denomination than a piece of four drachms. The " small change" of the coinage of Nabis I would recognize in the Laconian tetrobols with obv. bearded head; rev. A A Amphora and pilei of Dioscuri (Gardner, Cat., Peloponnesus, "Laconia," Nos. 6-13), and perhaps also in the bronze coins with head of
Herakles (ib. Nos.41-43), and with the headof Athena and owl (ib. Nos. 44-46).35
The beardedhead on the tetrobols just referred to (Nos.
6-13), is usually called Herakles, and this is, perhaps,

the safestappellation. At the sametime it is worth noting
that the head is not covered with the Heraklean lion
skin (asit is on earlier coins, Gardner, op. tit. " Laconia/* Nos. 2, 3), and that it is sometimeswreathed with laurel (as is the head of Nabis on our tetradrachm), sometimes with ivy, and is sometimes bound with a simple taenia. The head, moreover, though undoubtedly suitable for
Herakles, bears a sufficient resemblance to Nabis himself
to make one suspectthat his own head may be there

represented. ELETTTHEENA (CRETE).
26. Obv>-Head of Apollo r.; linear border. Eev.-Apollo naked, standing 1. ,* in r., stone -f in I., bow ;
circular incuse.
M,
Size'95. Wt. 177 grs. (Barbarous.)
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 431,
35Mr. Gardner,however, assignsNos. 41-46 to a date

subsequentto B.C.146.
112
This specimen, when in the collection of Admiral Spratt, was described photographed M. Svoronos and "by
in theHpoaBrjtai his Num. la Creteanc^p. 201, to de

No. 25, PL 11, 24.
ITANUS.
27. Obv.-Head of Athena L, wearing crested Athenian helmet ornamentedwith palmettes. Rev.-ITANIHN Eagle L, looking back; in field r.,
Glaucos(?) holding in 1. trident, his r. hand

upraised; whole in incuse square.
M.
Size-9. Wt. 160 grs. [PI. V. 3.]
The head on this didrachm is of beautiful style,36 and
differsfromthe ordinarycoinsof Itanus of the same type,

which usually show traces of barbarousworkmanship.
COTTS n., EJNG OPBOSPOETJS. 28. Obv.-BACIA6UJC KOTYOC diademed; border of dots. 420 = A.D.124).37 Bust of Cotys JL r.,
Rev.-Bust of Hadrian r., laureate; beneath,KY (year JT* Size75. Wt. 119-5grs. [PI. Y. 9.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 475. CYZICUS (MYSIA.) 29. Obv,-Head of Kore Soteira L, wearing earring, necklace, stephane, corn wreath, and veil wound round
head.
Bev.-KY
. . . Apollo, wearing himation over lower limbs, seated 1. on omphalos; in extended r.,
36Cp. Svoronos, Num. de la Qrhe am , PI. XIX. 17. 37Cp. Koehne, Mus. Kotscht.iibey, II. p. 256; Burachkov, H. XXIX. 167.
GBEEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 113
patera, 1. elbow supportedby lyre; in field 1.

>E.38
M.
Size-7. Wt. 89-8 grs. [PL V. 5.]

TENEDOS.
30. Olv.-Janiform head, of late style (bearded male head 1., laureate ; female head r., wearing stephane).
Jfoy.-TENEAIflN
wreath
Double-axe (7r\e"s) on1. A and ;
bunch of grapes; on r., wreath of ivy ; whole in

of laurel.
JR. Size 1-2. Wt. 247 grs. [PI. V. 11 rev.] From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 530.
Dr. Imhoof-Blumer has lately published39 interestan
ing coin of Tenedos, showingthe double-axe resting on a stand or support. On another coin publishedby him,40 an amphorais attachedby a taenia to the doubk-axe. Thesetypes seemto prove, as Imhoof-Blumer has remarked, that the TreXeKu? coinsrepresents doubleof the a axeconsecrated a cultus-qbjectat Tenedos. Imhoofas Blumer suggests that this object was dedicatedin a
temple of Tenes. Suidas and Pausanias connect this familiar badge of Tenedos with Tenes or Tennes, an ancient king of the island; but these and similar explanations found in the authors seem to be of no antiquarian yalue, and to be merely aetiological.41 The double-axe would rather appear to be connected with the god Dionysos,of whom it was sometimesthe attribute,42and
B.C. 330-280.
38Cp. Brit. Mm. Cat., Myna, p. 36, No. 132, period,

39Zeit.fur Num., xx. p. 274, No. 2; PI. X. 9. i0 Op. cit., No. 1; PI. X. 8.
41Wroth, Cat.,Troas,p. xlvi. *2 Cat.,Tvoas, xlvii. p.
114
the above-mentioned coin, on which an amphora is
brought into distinct connection with the TreXe/ru?,

furnishes additional confirmation of this view. From
circ. 420 coins of Tenedos have, beside the double-axe
type, a bunchof grapes a constantsymbol. In addias

tion to this symbol, other devices occur; but as these
vary a good deal,it is bestto explainthem as signetsof magistrates. It is perhaps,however,worthy of notice

that among these symbols several are Dionysiac, namely, kantharos, thyrsos, grapes, amphora,43and ivy wreath (PL V. 11)
LESBOS.
81. Obv.-Youthful
taenia.
male head r., hair short, bound with
Rev.-Male head r., with pointedbeard (Dionysos ?);

within incnse square.
El.
Size-45. Wt. 38-2grs. [PI. Y. 4.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 545. 32, Qbv.-Female head r., hair rolled. Rev.-Head and neck of lion r.; incuse square.
El. Size"4. Wt. 387 grs. [PI. Y. 6.]

Both these Sixths belong to the earlier part of the

finest period of the electrum coinage of Lesbos, B.C.440
-350. No. 31 is similar to Brit. Mus. Catal., Troas,
" Lesbos," No. 56, but the obverseis much better preserved. A similar obverse occurs on No. 55 (ib.}, with reverse, helmet and a letter that probably indicates Mytilene as the mint-place. The head of No, 32 rather
43Cat., Troas, p. 93.
GREEK COINS ACQUIREDBY THE BRITISH MUSEUM.115
recalls the treatment of No. 58 in. CataL, Troas. (PI. XXXIII. 1).
AECHBLAUS, KING OF CAPPADOCIA. (B.C. 36-A.D. 17.) 33. Obv.-Head of Archelaus r., wearing diadem.
jR^.-BAZIAEHZ APXEAAoY WAoFlATPIAoZ
TOY KTIZToY (year 22)."
Club;
in field,
M.
Size -75. Wt. 58 grs. [PI. Y. 7.]

ALEXANDER TT. ZEBINA.
(B.O. 128-123.)
34. Obv.-Head of Alexander II. Zebina r., diademed\ bead
and reel border.
Rev.-BAZIAEQZ AAEHANAPoY 0EoY EFI I4>ANoYZ
NI KHOoPoY (in ex ) in 1. sceptre. JT. Size4-9. Wt. 133J grs. [PL Y. 8.]
Zeus wearing himation over lower limbs, and laurel wreath, seated1.on throne; in r., Nike holding wreath;
This unique stater was described by Mr. Montagu in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1892, p. 36.45 The usual inscription on the coins of this king is simply BAZIAEQZ
AAEEAN APOY; here three additional titles are added.
The Zeus Nikephoros of the reverse is a type familiar
in the Seleucid coinage long beforethe reign of Alexander Zebina, but, as M. Babelon has pointed out,46it probably has here a special significance in connection
44Cp. Th. Beinach, Trois Boyaumes,p. 67, PL III., 23. 45Cp. Babelon, Rois de Syrie, p. cl. 46Babelon, o^. cit., pp. cxlix., el.
116
with Alexander'saction in despoiling the Temple of

Zeus at Antioch. In order to pay his troops, and,
doubtless, strike this very coin, Alexander seized to the temple treasuresand carried off the golden Nike that
rested on the hand of the statue of Zeus-" Jovis solidum
ex auro signam Victorias tolli jubet."*7 This sacrilegious act he endeavoured to disguise by the pretext that he accepted the victory which Zeus offered him: facetis
jocis sacrilegiumcircumscribens nam Vietoriam com; modatamsibi ab Jove esset dicebat (Justin, loc. cit.}. His selectionof Zeus Nikephoros as a coin-type was
probably madewith the sameobject. Shortly afterwards
Alexander made attemptuponthe statueof Zeusitself an

-aureum simulacrum infmiti ponderis-but the people of Antioch rose en masseand expelled him, and he was subsequentlyput to death by his rival, Antiochus VIII., Grypus.
JUDAEA.
35. Half Shekel of Year 2.
Usual types and inscriptions.
JL
Size -75. Wt. 104 grs. [PL V. 10.]

PARTHIA.
(MlTHRADATES (AnSAOES B.C.174 136.) I YL) 36. Obv.-Bust of Mithradates 1.1., wearing diadem, torquis, and cuirass; border of dots.
ftfc-BAZIAEIIZ Eni<frANOVZ MEFAAOV Arsaces I. APZ AKOV seated r. on
omphalos, holding bow in r.; front, palm.
behind, ^S; in
M.
Size, 1-3. Wt. 239grs. [PI. V. 12,obv.]
From the Montagu Sale, March, 1896, lot 766. 47Justin, xxiv. 2 ; cp. Diod. Sie, xxxiv. 28.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
117
A similartetradrachm the FrenchCollection photoin is graphed Gardner's in ParthianCoinage, I. 17 (p. 29). PI.
ALEXANDRIA (EGYPT).
37. 06u.-ANTU1NGINOC C6B6VC6B Head of An-
toninus Pius r., laureate.
Rev.-L6N
A 6KATO
Naked male figure (the
Milesian Apollo) standing facing ; in r., stag r. ; in 1., bow; on head, wreath or taenia, indicated by dots; hair falls in two curls on shoulder.
Potin (or M). Size -9. [PI. Y. 13, rev.] Foundat Kom Washim, Egypt, and presented in (1896)by the
Egypt Exploration Fund.
This coin is in remarkably good preservation, and differs in several respectsfrom similar specimensalready in the British Museum. No. 936 in Poole's Catalogue, Alexandria, shows the figure slightly turned to the left in an attitude less rigid; behind is seen a tripod. No. 1,028 shows the Apollo facing, standing between two
figures of Nemesis.48Thesecoins sufficientlyresemble

the better-known coins of Miletus (Gardner, Types, PL XV. 15 and 16), which are generally considered to re-
producethe famousstatue of Apollo (called Philesios), at Didyma nearMiletus,madeby the sculptor Canachos beforeB.C. 494.49 The worship of the Milesian Apollo prevailed at Naukratis and may have extended to
Alexandria.50 WARWICK WROTH.
48No. 937 (ib.) has the figure facing,but the coinis badly preserved, the objectheld in the right handis doubtful. and
48See the note by Miss E. Sellers in The Elder Pliny's Chapterson the Hist, of Art, p. 60. 50Poole, Cat., Alexandria, p. xliii.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. B
118
NUMBEBS OP THE LOTS PURCHASED BY THE BEITISH MUSEUM.
I. At the Montagu Sale, March, 1896:-37, 56, 68, 80, 95, 98, 115, 121, 151, 154, 176, 180, 196, 199, 204; 209,240, 245, 247, 256, 271, 273, 274, 283, 285, 288, 291, 295, 307, 308, 313, 324, 325, 342, 343, 346, 354, 372, 378, 392, 393, 408, 409, 414, 416, 421, 431, 445, 448, 472, 475, 486, 492, 502, 515, 522, 530, 545, 546, 567, 575, 585, 594, 595, 597, 599, 600, 611, 619, 620, 625, 626, 627, 628, 635, 636, 638, 640, 643, 646, 647, 648, 650, 652, 655, 656, 658, 659, 662, 663, 664, 667, 669, 674, 675, 681, 682, 684, 687, 696, 716, 720, 732, 734, 740, 742, 746, 748, 752, 764, 766, 799, 803, 816.
H. At the Bunhury Sale(first portion), June, 1896 :-12,

76, 95, 96, 119, 140, 195, 227, 228, 244, 263, 282, 283, 345,
365, 382, 443, 460, 461, 482, 485, 489, 502, 543, 545, 566,
574, 575, 579, 581, 584, 586, 589, 592, 602, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 615, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 627, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 638, 639, 640, 646, 647, 662, 685, 687, 704, 705, 719, 726, 730, 731, 732, 738, 739, 746, 757, 760, 769, 770, 771, 774, 775, 776, 781, 784, 786, 789, 806, 818, 822, 825, 829, 835, 851, 853, 862, 866, 873, 910, 916, 938, 961, 971, 993, 996, 1,000, 1,001, 1,006, 1,007, 1,009, 1,012, 1,015, 1,018, 1,021, 1,022, 1,023, 1,024, 1,026, 1,027, 1,064, 1,082, 1,116, 1,130, 1,140, 1,145, 1,151, 1,154, 1,158, 1,162, 1,163, 1,168, 1,170, 1,173, 1,174, 1,179, 1,181, 1,188, 1,190, 1,195, 1,196, 1,199, 1,201, 1,202, 1,217, 1,228, 1,229.
A FIND
OF EOMAN
DENABII
NEAB
CAMBRIDGE.
AT the end of last month I was enabled to secure, as I believe, the whole of a small find of Roman Denarii which
had been dug upa short time beforein the neighbourhood

of Cambridge, When the coins came into my possession they were all (with the exception of 15, which seemed to have been cleaned with scouring paper) in the same state as they were found ; very few being sufficiently free from incrustation to enable me to form any opinion as to the emperorto whom they should be attributed. The total number was 193, beside which, one or two
had evidentlybeen,brokenup in separatingthe massof

coins.
Perhaps moststriking thing about this hoardis its the

great similarity to that found at Brickendonbury in 1895,1
and I havethereforeappended tableof the two for easy a

comparison. Although only about 58 types are common to the two hoards, yet out of the 25 names which occur in the
Brickendonburylist, 16 appearalso in that for Cambridge, The latest date in the former is A.D. 249-50, and in the latter A.D. 248 ; so that there can be no rea1 SeeNum. Ckron., Ser. in., vol. xvL, p. 101,
120
sonabledoubt that they were deposited within a very fe\\ years indeed of each other.
Commodus Brickendonbury. 1 Cambridge. -
Pertinax Clodnis Albums
1 -
Septimius Sevems .
Julia Domna .
Caracalla
33
15
20
7
2
17
Plautilla G-eta .... Macrinus Diadumenianus
2 8 2
4 2 -
Elagabalus
Julia Julia
Julia
.
.
67
5
25
2
Paula
Aquilia Severa
Soaemias
Maesa .
2
15
23
2
1
11
Seyerus Alexander . Sallustia Barbia Orbiana Julia Maraaea Maximinus I. Maximus . . G-ordianus III.
144 3 30 19 1 25
55 1 17 1 29
Pupienus PMippus I.
Otacilia
1 9
__
12
2
Seêra
Pnihppiis n. . Trajanus Decius

Herennia Etruscilla Herenmus Etruscus
1 2
2 1
432
2 193
The following are descriptions the reversetypeso of

the coins, with referencesto Cohen, Monnaies frappee sous VEmpire remain, 2nd Edit.:CLODIUS ALBINTJS.
Cohen.
MINEE. PACIF. COS. H.
Minerva standing 1.
48
A FIND OF ROMANDENARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE.

SEPTIMIUS SEYERUS.
Cohen.
121
FOETY3ST. EEDYC.
Fortune
seated 1.
177
LIBEEO PATEL
MYNIFICENTIA
P. M. TE. P. IIH.
Bacchusstanding facing
AYG. Elephant r.
P. P.
. 304:
.348
1
1
1 1
COS. IL
Pallas stand-
ing 1
P M. TE. P. XI. COS. II. P. P. Fortune seated 1. PEOFECTIO AYGK Severus on horseback r. .
4161
451 578
EESTITYTOE
VEBIS.
Sevenis sacrificing L
599
1
7
JTJLIA DOMNA.
HILAEITAS.
Goddess standing L
72
YENYS FELIX.
Yenus standing 1.
.198
-
1
2
CARACALLA,
FIDES MILITYM. Fides standing IMPEEII FELICITAS. Felicity standing 1.

LIBEEALITAS AYa. YI. LIBEEAL. AYG. YIIIL
, .
80 95
1 1
1 1
Liberality standing 1. 128 Liberality standing 1. 139
MAETI PEOPYaNATOEI.
MAETI YLTOEI.
P. Xim.
1
Mars walking 1. . 150

.
Concord
192
1
1
1
Mars walking r.
COS. ni. P. P.
154
P. M. TE.
seated
P. M. TE. P. XVI.
standing 1.
P. M. TE. P. XYI.
COS. nn.
COS. IHL
P. P.
P. P.
Sarapis
212
Hercules
1 1 1
1
standmgl. P. M. TE. P. XYTHL standing r.
220 COS. HDL P. P. Sarapis 318

378
P. M TE. P. XX. COS. nn. P. P. Jove seated 1. PONTIF. TE. P. X. COS. II. Oaracalla stand-
ing r
440
1 1
1
PONTIF. TE. P. X. COS.II.

PONTIF. TE. P. XEI. COS. m.
Caracallastanding
. , . 441
465 Concord seated 1.
between three reclining figures
PEINCIPI IYYENTYTIS.
L, behind him a trophy
Caracalla standing
.... 505 1
SECYEITAS PEEPETVA. Pallas standing L . 562 YICT. PART. MAX. Yiotory running 1. . . 658
1 1
-17
122
GETA.
Cohen.
FELICITAS PYBLICA. Felicity standing 1. PONTIF. COS. n. Geta sacrificing 1. . SEOYEIT. IMPEEIL Security seated 1. . SPEI PEEPETYAE. Speswalking 1. .
. 38 .119 . 183 .192
1 1 1 1
_ 4
MACEINUS.
AEQYITAS AYG. FIDES HILITYM.
Equity standing 1. Fides standing 1.
.21 . 23
-
1
2
ELAGABALUS.
ABYNDANTIA. Abundancestanding1. . .12 BONYS EYENTYS. Bonus Eventus standing1. 14

TIDES EXEECITYS. Fides seated L . . 30
1
1
INYIOTYS SACEEDOS. Elagabalus with bough

sacrificing, in. field a comet . sacrificing, in field a star , , . . . 60 61 1 2
INYICTYS SAOEEDOS. Elagabalus with club IOYICONSEEYATOEL Jove standing 1. . LIBEEALITASAYO.nl. Liberality standing1. LIBEETASAYG. Liberty standing 1. . P. M. TE. P. H. COS.H. P. P. Peacewalking 1, P. M. TE, P. III. COS.in. P. P. Sunwalking 1. P. M TE. P. im. COS. ni. P. P. Sun walking 1.
P. M. TE. P. ITU. COS. HL P. P. Providence
66 86 92 143 154 184

189
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
standing 1.
P. M. TE. P, Iin.
flying 1
COS. ILL P. P.
Victory
194
PEOY1D. DEOEYM. Providencestanding 1. . 242 SAOEED. DEI SOLIS ELAGAB. Elagabalus

at altar r 246
1
1 1
SECYEITAS SAECYLI.
seated r. .......
Security with bough

271
SPEIPEEPETYAE. Speswalking L . SPESPYBLICA. Speswalking 1. . . SYMMYS SACEEDOS AYG. Elagabalus tnpod TEMPOEYMFEL. Felicity standing 1. . YJCTOE. ANTONINIAYG. Yictory running YICTOEIAAYGK Yictory soaring 1., .
. 273 . 275 at 276 . 278 r. 289 . 300
2 1 1 1 1 1
-25
A FIND OF ROMAN DENARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE.

JTJLIA PATTLA.
Cohen.
123
CONCOEDIA.
Concord seated 1.
..,62
. 2
AOTILIA CONCOEDIA. Concord
SEVERA. ... 2
-
seated 1.
2
2
JTTLIA SOAEMIAS. YENYS CAELESTIS. Venus seated 1, . 14

-
1
1
JULIA
MAESA.
FECYNDITAS AVG. Fecnndity standing 1. IVNO. Juno standing1 PVDICITIA. Modestyseated 1. . . SAECVLIFELICITAS. Felicity standing 1.
SE"VERUS ALEXANDER.
. .
8 16 36 45
2 3 3 3
-11
AEQVITASAVG. Equity standing 1. ..91 ANNONA AYQ. Abundance standing 1. . .

CONCOEDIA. Concord seated 1. . . .
23
38
2
2
TIDES MILITYM. Fides standing L, between two ensigns 52 FIDES MILITYM. Fides standing L, looking r.s between ensign and a vexillum (F) . an . 10 YI VLTOEL Jove seated 1 95
2
1
LIBEEALITAS AVG. Liberality standing 1. LIBEETAS (sic} AYG. Liberality standing 1. LIBEETASAVG. Liberty standing 1. . MAESVLTOE. Mars marchingr. . . MAJtTI PAOIFEEO. Mars standing1. . PAXAVG. Peacerunning 1 PIETASAVG. Piety standing1. . . P. M. TE. P. COS. P. P. Jove standing 1. P. M. TB. P. COS.P. P. Mars standing 1. P. M. TE. P. COS.P. P. Liberty standing L P. M. TE. P. IL COS.P. P. Mars standing 1. P. M. TE. P. H. COS.P. P. Peacestanding L P. M. TE. P. H. COS.P. P. Salus standing L P. M. TE. P. ni, COS.P. P. Jove standing L
Carried forward
, . . . . . . . , , . . .
108 115 149 161 173 187 196 204 207 215 231 236 239 249
1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 2
32
124
1 Cohen 32
P. M. TR. P. HI
COS. P. P.
Alexander
stand-
ing 1.
.......
256
P. M. TR. P. ITEL COS.P. P.

P. M. TR. P. V. COS. H. P. P.
Mars running r.
Alexander sacri-
260
289
1
2 1 1 2
1
ficing L
.......
P. M. TE. P. 71. COS. II. P. P.

standing 1.
P. M. TR. P. 71.
Equity
312
......
COS. n. P. P. Abundance
standing 1. ...... 315 P M. TR. P. 71. COS II. P. P. Peace running 1. 319
P. M. TR. P. M. TR. P. Tin. P. THL COS. in. COS. HI. P. P. P. P. Mars stand364
Alexander
marching r., with spear and trophy P. M. TR. P. 7IIH. COS.III. . P. Alexander
SAL7S P7BLICA. Salus seated 1. .
401
2
1
PR07ID, DEOR7M. Providencestanding 1. . 495

530
2
1
TICTORIA A7GK 7ictory standing 1. 555 7ICTORIA A7G-. 7ictory marching r. . 559 (obv. reads
ALEXAN.) -
1 1
1
7ICTORIA A7G. Tictory marching 1. 7IRT7SA7G. 7alour standing 1. . 7IRT7SA7G. Alexander standing 1.
SAIXUSTIA CONCORDIA A7GG. BAJEIBIA OBBIANA. .
564 579 586

-
1 1 3
i )5
Concord seated 1.
1
-
1
1
JtJUA
"M"A MATT. A.
FE07ND. A7G7STAE. Fecundity standing1. FELICITAS P7BLICA. Felicitas standing1. . I7NO CONSER7ATRIX. Juno standing1. 7EN7S GENETRIX. 7enus standing 1. . 7EN7S 7IOTRIX. 7enus standing 1.
7ESTA. 7esta, with palladium, standing 1.
5 17 35 72 76
81
3 1 5 1 1
3
TESTA. 7esta, with patera, standing1. .

MAXIMUrUS I.
85
-
3
]L7
TICTORIA A7G.
7ictory running r.
99
-
1
1
A FIND OF ROMAN DEXARII NEAR CAMBRIDGE,

G-ORDIANUS HI. Pius.
Cohen
125
AEQVITASAVG. AEQYITASAYG.
CONCOED, AVG.
Equity standing 1. Equity standing 1.

Concord seated 1.
17 22
48
1 1
1
DIANA LYCIFEEA. Diana standing r. . FELICIT. TEMPOE. Felicity standing 1. IOYI STATOEI. Jove standing
69 72 109
1 1 1
LAETITIA AVG. N,
MAETEM
Joy standing 1.
Mars Providence inarchstand-
121
160
2
1
PEOPVGNTATOEEM.
ing r.
.......
COS. P. P.
P. M. TE. P. II.
ing 1. ....... 196 P. M. TE. P. 11.COS. P. Gordian sacrificing1. 216 P. P. M. TE. P. IIIL COS. II. P. P. Apollo
250
1 1
2 2 1 2 2
P. M. TE. P. IIIL
COS. II.
P. P.
Gordian
stand253 261 266 296
ing r.
mgr
..
Apollo seated 1.
Gordian standP. P.
P. M. TE. P. Y. COS. II. P. P.

P. M. TE. P. Y. COS. II.
PEOYID.
EOMAE EOMAE
AYG.
Providence standing 1. .
Eome seated 1. Eome seated L .
AETEENAE. AETEENAE.
313 314
1 2
SALYS AYGYSTI.
Salus standing r.
325
SECYEITAS PYBLICA. Security seated1. YICTOEIA AETEENA. Victory standingL YIETYTI AYGYSTI. Hercules standing r. YIETYTI AVGVSTL Hercules standing r.
PHILIPPTTS I.
340 . 353 403 404
1 1 1 2
-29
AEQYITASAYG.
ANNONAAYG.
Equity standing 1.
Abundance standing 1. .
9
25
2
2
FELICITAS TEMP.
FIDES EXEEOITYS.
Felicity standing 1. .
Fides standing 1. .
43
49
1
1
LAET. FYNDATA.
P. M. TE. P. IIII.
Joy standing 1. .
COS. II. P. P. Felicity
72 137
215
1 2
1
standing 1.
SEOYEIT. OEBIS.
......
Security seated L
YICTOEIA AYG.
YIETYSAYG.
Victory marching r.
seated L OTACILIA SEVEBA
227
240
1
1
-12
Valour
PIETAS AYGYSTAB. Piety standing L . PYDICITIAAVG. Modesty seated 1.

VOL. XVII. 1H1RD SERIES.
43 53
-
1 1
2
126
PHILTPPTTS II.
Cohen,
PBINOIPI IVYENT. SAECVLAEES AVG. walking 1
Caesar standing 1. . .48 In exergue III. Stag 72

-
1 1
2
Most of the coins are of well-known types, but ther< are a few which deserve special notice. On a denariu of Elagabalus,Security is represented as seated to tin
right, but holding a bough in the left handinsteadof \

sceptre,as given by Cohen,No. 271. In the seriesof coins belonging to SeverusAlexander there are three with the legend FIDES MILITVM Two of these are of the usual type: Fides standing an< looking to the left holds a military standardupright ii each hand. The other represents Fides standing to th
left, but lookingbackwards, holding in the left han< and

a military standard transversely, whilst in the right han< there is a sort of staff surmounted by a flag or pennon probably a vexillum. There are two coins readinj
P . M. TR . P. VIII. COS. Ill. P . P., on which, insteai
of Mars marching to right with spear and trophy (a Cohen, 366),there is the Emperor bare-headed. The only other variety I found is one of the typ VICTORIA AVG (Cohen,559), in which the Emperor'
nameis speltALEXAN" without the usualD.

WILLIAM C. BOYD.
YII.
A DISCOVEBY OF KOMAN COINS ON THE SUMMIT
OFTHE THÔDULE PASS (MATTEEJOCH).

29, LTTOGATB HILL, E.G.
DEAR SIR JOHN EVANS,

Some Eoman coins were found close to the summit
of the Theodule Pass, in August, 1895, under rather
singular circumstances, and I send you the following

notes about the matter in caseyou may care to put it on
record.
The Theodule Pass, you are doubtless aware, leads from the Valley of Zermatt into the Yalley of Yal Tournanche. Although a snowpass,it is much frequented; and there is a small inn at the summit (10,890 feet) for the accommodationof tourists. As many as one hundred
personssometimes visit this inn in the courseof a day.

On August 24th, 1895, a young girl employed in the kitchen went out to fetch some water, and about fifty
metres down, uponthe Italian side, spied coinssticking two

out from underneath a thin flat stone, which had a large square stone on the top of it. She lifted off the two stones and found fifty-four coins underneath the lower
one,all togetherin a clump, and they had apparently been enveloped a bag, which had rotted. This is the in
128
essence what the girl related to me on September of 18th,

1896. I crossed the Theodule Pass from Val Tournanche to
Zermatton August 28-9th, 1895,and passed night of the

the 28th at the inn, but I heard nothing on the spot about this discovery,and did not hear of it until somedays after my arrival at Zermatt. One evening I was accosted in the street by a young man who offered somecoins for sale,
which he said had been found on the Theodule. I told
him to call in the morning, but did not see him again. A few days afterwards I had the opportunity of inspect-
ing oneof the coins, which he had soldin the village,and

saw that it was a coin of Constantine, and was told that
more than fifty had beenfound, and that " all the others were like it." I left Zermatt a few days afterwards, without expecting that I should hear any more on the subject. On September18th, 1896, I was again at Zermatt, and learnt that the girl who had discovered the coins was employedin one of the hotels. Her name is Josephine Pelissier, aged twenty-two, of the milage of Yal Tournanche. Asked if she had seenme on August 28th, 1895, she said " Yes.'* Asked why shehad not shownthe coins, shesaid, "Because shehad sent them downby her brother
to Val Tournanche to sell." Asked if she had sold them,
shesaid that elevenwere sold at fifty francs apiece,and downwards-the last one " to a gentleman of Rome for
ten francs/' She had got the remainder(forty-three) upstairs,and I bought them. Forty-two are bronze, and the remainingoneis a small silver coin of comparatively modern date. The forty-two Roman coins, as determined by you, are as follows:-
ROMAN COINSON THE SUMMIT OF THE THEODTJLEPASS. 129

ATTKELIAIOJS. A.D 270-275.
Cohen.
CONCOEDIA MILITYM. In exergue, ^T. Emperor and Severinajoining hands . .61

The same, but IMP. T^^. C. AYEELIANYS .... AYGL
2
1
3
Eadiated bust to 1. On reverse, in exergue,

Not in Cohen
PROBUS.
A.D. 276-282.
CONCOEDIA MILIT. In exergue, XXIQ. , Probus and Concordjoining hands . .161 CONCOEDIA MILIT. In exergue, PXXT.
Probus and Concord joining hands . . 3 65 179
1
1 1
CONSEEYAT. AYG.
XXI.
In field, B; in exergue, 1
1 1 1
The sun standing r
FELICITAS SEC. In exergue,SXXT. Pelicitas standing1. 225 FIDES MILITYM. In exergue,E$C. Fidelitas
holding two standards .... 252 350
MAETIPACIF.
ing to r.
In exergue,E0S? Mars marchIn exergue, XXI; in field, P.

401
PAX AYG.
Peace standing 1.
VICTOEIA AYGr. In exergue,E -P. marching 1. ......

CONSTANTIUS II.
Yictory 739
-
1
8
A.D. 335-361.
PEL. TEMP. EEPAEATIO.

fallen horseman. Several
Soldier attacking
varieties and dif-
ferent mints
CONSTAOTIUS GrALLTTS. A.D. 351-354. FEL. TEMP. EEPAEATIO. Soldier and fallen
19
horseman.
Yaiious
.....
A.D. 350-353.
MAGNEimTrs.
YICTOEIA
AYG. LIB,
EOMANOE.
In field,
A; in exergue, E " F * T. captive Carriedforward
Emperor and 54 , i 40
130
KtTMISMATIC CHRONICLE. Brought forward

DECENTIUS. A.D. 351-353.
Coti6n
40
SALVS DB. NN. AVG. ET CAES.J^.

exergue SAK Uncertain, PROVIDENT ?
In
12
1 1
42
Themajority arecoinsof Probus Constantius bat and II., the ideathat theyweredeposited many centuries in the ago positionin which they were found cannotbe entertained
on accountof the presence the small silver coin, which of
I am told by Mr. Grueberis (what you believed to be it

when I showedit to you) a coin of Constance the sevenof
teenth century. Assumingthat the girl's story is true, that shefound the wholetogether in oneplace(the space sheindicatedto me wasseven eight inchesdiameter), to they cannot,it seems me, have been deposited to there
much more than a coupleof centuries. You may naturally inquire how is it that they were (or
couldbe) overlooked anything like twohundredyears, for

and to anticipate inquiry I will mention what appearsto be a sufficient explanation. To begin with, they were
concealed under two stones-the large flat one to hide them, andthe square heavyone to keepthe otherin and its position. The placewherethey were concealed was off the usualtrack overthe pass. If you will look at the enclosed you will seethat the track on the Italian map side is at first, when descending, directed towardsthe north-west. Thecoinswerefound near the place where I haveput the red dot. No tourist or travellerordinarily goesin that direction. The placewherethey werefound was160to 170 feet from the inn (summitof the pass)
ROMAN COINS ON THE SUMMIT OF THE THEODULE PASS. 131
and 50 to 60 feet below it. The girPs duties, however, led her in that direction. Shewent to fetch water, which is collected from the dribbles of snow-water running off the rocks. She naturally went low down, to the edge of the snow, and made her discovery, because the rocks
in August, 1895,werefreefrom snow to a very unusual

extent. I crossedthis pass in 1860, and have crossedit
manytimesin subsequent years,and I have never seen the rockson the Italian side as free from snow(that is, so completelyuncovered snow),so low down as they by
were in August, 1895.
Many Romancoinsand other objectshave been found in the valley of Zermatt,and not a few have beendiscovered from time to time on the Theodule Pass. I learnt
that Mons. Joseph Seiler, of Brieg (Canton Valais), had
acquireda number,visited him on my way home,and expressed desire that he should sendhis collectionto a
London for examination. He has been so good as to
forwardtwenty-fivecoinswhich have beenfound on the Theodule Pass, I sendthem on to you, in the hope and that youmaydiscover something interestamongst of them.
You have been good enough to compile a list of these
twenty-fivecoins,which is given below:
M.
SEILEK'S
COINS.
GAULISH. Imitation of a coin of Massilia. Obv.-Head of Diana. Rev.-Boar-like lion EOME.
JR
Quadrans.
Olv.-Head
of Hercules . . .
Rev.-Prow of ship above griffin

Carried forward .,,...
. j?E2
1
2
132
Brought forward
NERVA.
Rev.-LTBEETAS
PYBLICA.
S.C.
Colt. 119?
Ml
FAUSTINA I. Rev.-AETEENITAS. S.C.

MARCUS
Coh. 34
AURELIUS.
-2E2
Rev.-FIDES EXEEC1TYYM P.P. S C. Coh. 202
IMP.
YIII.
COS. III. ^B2 ]
FAUSTINA Rev.-FEOVND. AYGYSTAE. S.O,
II. Coh. 97 . . -2E2 1
SEPT. SEYETOTS. Rev.-ADYENTYI

Eare
AYG. FELICISSIMO.
S.C. Coh.8.
.331 1
MAXIMINUS ey.-FIDES MILITYM. S.C.
I. . . Êl 1
Coh. 14 .
GrALLIENUS. Rev.-LIBEETAS AYGr. XL Coh. 596 . . . MZ 1
Rev.-Illegible
YICTOBINUS.
-2E3
Eev.-^YIETYS
AYG.
Coh. 131 ?. CLAUDIUS II.
^33
û.-CONSECEATIO.
Coh. 52 ?. DlOCLETIANUS.
^S3
JB^.~IOYI
^^-YOT.
CONSEEYAT.
XX, S.
PXXIT.
,
Coh. 193
. .
. ^13
. -E3
1
1
Coh. 541.
CONSTANTINUS L 5ey.-YOT. XX. MYLT. XXX. ..,.,. Coh. 740 yar. ? . -3B3 1 15
Cairied forward
ROMVN COINSOX THE SUMMIT OF THE THEODULE PASS. 133
Brought forward
......
CONSTANTENOPOLIS.
15
Bdibarous.
TE
P
UEBS EOMA,
.313
lieu.-Wolf
and twins.
EUQ
VALEJTS.
"
-2B3
JJeu.-GLOEIA
EOMANOEVM.
TES. II.
Ooh. 11
2B3
VALENTINTAN
j&v.-SALVS EEIPYBLICAE -f.

22etf.-YIOTOEIA Imitations AVGG. E.T.
Cuh,30?
.
, M
, -2Ei JE3 & 4
1
1 5
25
THEODOSIUS. Barbarous ....
and late Eoman coins
As you point out, tte earliest are Gaulish and of Roman

consular times;
iinitatioDS
the latest of Theodosius and barbarous
of Roman coins.
Believe me,
Faithfully yours,
EDWARD WHTTMPER. To SIE JOHNEVANS, K.C,B,, T.E S., ETC.,ETC,
VOL.
XVII.
THIRD
SERIES.
Till.
ON THE NOKTH-HUMBRIAN A.D. 758-808. COINAGE OF
(SeePlate VII.)
THEREis perhaps no period in Jforth-Humbrian numismatics which presents more difficulties than that which began after the resignation of King Eadbert (A.D.758)
till the abundant coinage Eanred(808); it is,moreover, of

a time full of civil war, dissensions among the turbulent nobles of the court, and conspiracies,the latter having generally been successful. On the resignation of Eadbert, his son Oswulf succeeded, having been nominated by his father, and reigned till his death at Michel Wongtune,1 when he was succeeded(759) by Ethelwald, surnamed Moll, who was of uncertain lineage, and who lost the kingdom of North -Humbria, according to the same authority, at Winchenhale, in 765. Since Mr. Rash-
leigh'spaper3 describing coins3 this king, no others two of

have turned up of him or his predecessor Oswulf, and I
shall refer later on to the coin4 in our national collec-
tion which Mr. Lindsay5 referred to Moll Ethelwald, but

Sim. Dun. de Gestis.
N. C., N. Ser., vol. ix., p. 56.
Loc. cit.9 I., 1, IA (the last coin is lost). PI.

B. M. Cat., No. IS, p. 142. Heptarchy>p. 9.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF AD. 758-808.
135
which is now ascribed to Aelfwald I. (778). Before
discussing the latter king's coinage,so as to proceed chronologically with the series, I will notice a silver sceatta, unique except for another6 somewhat of similar
type also in my collection, both having been struck by Archbishop Ecgberht of York in conjunction with King Alchred, and both showing that this Archbishop, besides
striking sceattaswith Moll Ethelwald and Eadbert, coinedin conjunctionwith Alchred during the last two yearsof his occupancy the Seeof York, viz., in 765 or of
766, those being the only years when he was under
Alchred. I think these two coins are remarkable witnesses
to the historical accuracy of our Saxon Chronicles,and may inspire in us great confidenceas to their correctness. The first coin, it may be remembered,reads:-
M.
Olv. - + ALCHED C. Cross. (Both Cs runes.) Rev.-ECGBEEHT AE. Cross. [PL VII. 1.]
Thenext onevariesslightly from it, and wasacquired by me at Major Grantham's this year. sale
M. Obv.-+ALCHED C. Cross. (Both Csrunes.)
TV. Cross. [PL VII. 2.]
My suggestion7 the runeCenat the endof theking's that

name, which occurs also in Moll Ethelwald's coins, stood
for the initial letter of the word Cuningor Eng, is again

corroboratedby this sceatta. It would almost seemas if
6 N* C., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., p. 267. 7 A7,a, 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., p. 270.
136
Moll Ethelwald and Alctred, owing to their uncertain lineage, had desired to emphasizetheir kingly titles on their coins, whilst those who precededthem, being of the race of Ida, left theirs proudly unadorned with simple
names, we except Ecgfrith (670),whosetitle of B,ex if

shows a more classically cultivated time, and probably also a greater monasticinfluence at court.8
Whether the reverse of this sceatta reads ECGERHT A
with the B omitted, or EBGERHT
A with the usual
square 0 omitted and the B and G transposed,is open to
question, I feelalmostsurethat the latter is the case, but

as a comparison of the second letter with the one in the
othercoin9shows to be a B, whilst a 0 of this periodis it

nearly always square, and certainly never barred or
Gothic.10
The successor Alchred, who was banished (774) to of the North, was Aethelred I., whose unique coin in my collection had the satisfactory reception which so in-
terestinga relic of a bygoneagedeserved.11 VII. 3.] [PL

This king, after reigning four years, was expelled, and I have, 1 think, somegrounds for supposingthat the latter coin, with quadrupedreverse type, was struck beforehis
expulsion, and therefore between 774 and 779. My

reasonfor this is that I think that his successor, Aelfwald I., struck two different coinages,one which I will call his first with* the quadruped, resembling his predecessor's,
and onewhich I shall refer to later, of a type quite new

8 On the monumental and other Bunic remains the form is
usually the Angle word Cuning, or other variant at all periods. 9 N* C., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., p. 267. 10A penny of Offa, B. If. Cat.. 10, and a styca of EtLelred
II., B. M., 284, have round Gs, but not barred.
112V, 6'., N. Ser^ Miscellanea, vol. xiL, p. 87.
ON THE NORTH-HCMBRIAN COINAGE OP A.D. 758-808.
137
to this Society, with a moneyer or some other person's
name, no quadruped the reverse. Of the first type and on

we have four specimens Mr. Rashleigh's two, which read : E1FVA1V and VALDJSLA respectively (the four last letters are retrograde, and must be read forwards and joined to the first four letters).12 The third coin is that in the British Museum, which, to my mind, readsclearly EFVALDVS13(the L runic, and the TJand A upside down);
indeed,I cannotseewhy Hawkins should haveregarded

this as a doubtful reading. No doubt the puzzle wasin the Latin termination, which he evidently thought was
unusual on a sceatta of this time.
The fourth coin I acquired at Major Grantham's sale, and also two unique and unpublished silver sceattas, both
of which I attribute to Aelfwald I., and both throw con-
siderable light on the subject,and particularly as to the

Latinised terminations.
JR. Olv.-EALFVALDZ.
The first of these reads,

Cross.
Rev.-Eude quadruped to r., right leg raised; crosslefc
underthe body. [PL VII. 4.]

This sceatta, which I shall now attribute to Aelfwald's.
first coinage,showsan intention to Latinise the name,and this reading is, I venture to think, still further supported by the second coin, a new type, which I ascribe toAelfwald's secondcoinage.
11See for this curious "boustrophedon" style N. C., 8rd Ser , p. 267, where I have explained a coin of Moll Ethelwald with this peculiar way of an-anging the legend, which causes the 0 for Cuning to be in the centre of the inscription, viz., kDILCDLY for ED1LVLD C (for Cumng). 13B M. Cat., Anglo-Sa*on, vol. i., No. 16, p. 142.
138
M. Obv.-
ITFVArDYS. Cross
JRev.+CYDbEV E. Cross [PI. VII. 5.] It will be observed that the E is runic, and both Ls,
and we seem to have here the earliest sceatta of North-
Humbria with the name of a moneyer or person other than the Archbishop of York for the time being, before the later abundant copper series, which lasted until the Government fell to the fury of the Danes. Now it may be said that this coin should belong to Aelfwald II.; against this I would advancethe following arguments:1. There is an undeniably ancient look about it which reminds one of the early North-Hurnbrian coins, and, indeed, on examining the massof stycas of Eanred and Ethelred II., amongst which it lay, I at once singled it out from all the others as of older type. 2. It is silver, and of just the baseness which Aelfwald
I's time would warrant.
3. There are already copper stycas not improbably

attributed to Aelfwald II.14
4. Though we are not able at present to separate the coins of Eanbald I. from Eanbald II., yet as these are copper stycas and of late workmanship not dissimilar to that of Eanred, and as they are for this reasonprobably the second Eanbald's, it would be natural ex hypothesito concludethat Aellwald II., contemporary of Eanbald II., would strike similar copper stycas. On first meeting with this coin I naturally expected to find an archbishop'sname on the reverse, namely, either Ethilbert (767) or Eanbald I. (780), especially as the
14Lindsay, Heptarchy, p. 11, and PL L, 31; and N. C.,
3rd Ser., vol. vii., 220.
ON THE NOKTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF A D. 758-808.
139
legend terminatesin AB/chiepiscopus),This doesnot,

however, seemto be the case,and the first four letters.
owingto want of conditionat that margin of the sceatta,

are difficult to decipher. I think there is a cross before
the legend which, having had the top badly struck, appearsto be a T of squatform. If this is a moneyer's
name,which I believe, though I am open to conviction on this point, it may be intended for Gudhere, a moneyer of Burgred (853-874),or if the first letter is a C, for Cuêard,
which is the form that Cuthred takes on Ethelred II.'s
stycas. This is also a moneyer of Eanred in the form Cu^hard and Cu^heard, but I have not found any of
this name with an Eardulf obverse. Although the provenance or find spot of this coin has not hitherto been
traceable, is probablethat it was found with copper it

stycas,as it will be observed that someportions of copperlike metal still adhere to the front portion of the legend on the reverse. I have not noticed this on any of the silver sceattas previouskings that have comeunder my of observation,and it may be inferred from its worn condition also that it may have formed part of some hoard of
later copperstycasof whichit wasan earlysilver representative.
Whether we can draw any conclusions from the copper styca in the Montagu collection, described in the catalogue 15as one of Osred II. (789-790), the successorof Aelfwald I., it would be difficult to say; It is certainly not linked by workmanship to the coins of Aelfwald I.;
and the incompleteness our knowledge to what was of as

struck during Aethelred L's secondreign, and during the twenty-seven days when Osbald, "Dux et Patricius,"
15Montagu Sale, p. 49.
140
wasnominated some the Principes16 Aethelred's by of on

assassination by the ealdorman Edred, makes our difficul-
culties accumulate from that period and through the reign of Heardulf, though I believe that the changeof style and the adoption of copper instead of silver must date at some time during this period. That coin is described as-
Copper. Olv -+
OESBEEX (retrograde). Five pellets forming cross. In centre, an annulet.
Hev.-HEAMH.
Certainly this pieceis of late workmanship,and the king's nameis much blundered, evenfor this period of doubtfullegends coins,whilst the moneyed name on s has
an improbable look about it.
are further
On the whole 1 think it
wouldbewiseto suspend judgment on this stycatill we

advanced in this series.
I will nowcometo the questionof Heardulf andAelfwald II., a time representing twelve years, 796-808, out of which period the former king reigned all but about two years. "We know that Heardulf was banishedin 806, but as the people were without a king for some time,17 the commencementof Aelfwald II.'s reign seems uncertain, and Heardulf appears through the influence of Charlemagne to have again occupied the throne for a short space before Eanred, Before venturing on th<
treacherous groundof Heardulf s coinage, will considei I

the stycas of Aelfwald II., and as the question of thes< two kings' coins are greatly connectedwith each other
16Sim. Dun. de Gestis,p. 113. 17Unde diu sine Eege fuerunt (Chron. de Bargo}.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE OF A.D. 758-808.
141
I will consider them together, and whether the coins
readingHEARDTJLF or EARDULF, in someform or

other, were struck by his namesake, the notoriously
blundering moneyer, by the king. Before the disor

persal of the Bateman heirlooms, I spent someconsiderable time in examining the so-called " Ullerskelf " find of stycas, afterwards dispersed, and having cleaned all thosecoinswhich were too much coatedto decipher,I came to the conclusion that that part of the hoard presented no remarkable features, being composedof the usual
types ranging from Eanred to Osberht,or including the Archiepiscopal series Wulfhere,whichmaybecompared to
to, and is characteristic of, finds like those of Hexham, Kirk Oswald, &c. Having subsequently,with the assistance ef the late Canon Raine, made an examinatibn of the collection of stycas and sceattas in the Yorkshire Society's collection in York, I found clearly that these
Batemanstycaswere only a small portion of what is

called the " Bolton Percy " hoard, which, with that called the "St. Leonard's Place" find, form the two principal masses stycaspreserved at York, and are cataloguedin of a manuscript which I have with me to-night, having been kindly lent me by the Society. Amongst these two finds are three copperstycas,which have evidently not hitherto beenrecognised,reading:-
(Y4). 05v.-+1LFAAIDB, ) St. + >

' "
Leonard'a
Plact
Re*-+EVDAIHL
I X
FPL VII. 6.1 L_ J
.-+ELFAAIDE,+ H "id-WVU-AA,0 (T6). 06,.Rev.-EADAIHI,
[PL yn. T,]

Bolton Percy find.
142
These not new types,asMr. NathanHeywoodand are Mr. Lindsayboth publishedthem; but they add three morespecimens thosealreadyknown,and the fact of to their being includedin suchlarge hoards gives them an interestwhichthey might not possess such a degree to
if found singly. If, therefore, we may assume that these coins can be attributed to Aelfwald II., then the Yorkshire Society has no less than three of this king's rare
stycas; and considering fact that Heardulf reigned the

between Aelfwald II. and Eanred for a short period, besides his long reign immediately before the former's, is it not justifiable to concludethat some of his (Heardulfs) coins should be represented in both these large finds ? Of course there is the question, are these really
attributable to Aelfwald II. ? and here I concur with Mr.
Heywood's last reasons18 their beingsoascribed:two for

" 2. The moneyer's name on it is EADVINI, and EADYINI wasa moneyer of Elfvald IL's predecessor and successor respectively. "3. The letter E.(EX) follows the king's name, as on
the styeas Eanred, of Ethelred,&c."

I will not dwell on Mr. Hey wood's first reason,that
no stycasbeforeEardulf's reign havea moneyer's name

on them, because this was evidently intended to combat the idea that his styca could belong to Aelfwald L, a view
that no one would now maintain in the face of modern
discoveries.
Hawkins19 speaking Lindsay^s says, of specimen, ....

"the first may belong to Elfwald I., but seems more
likely to belong to the secondking of that name, on

N. C., 3rd Sr., vol. viL, 220. 19Silver Coinsof England, p. 70.
ON THE NORTH-HUMBRIAN COINAGE A.D. 758-808. 143 OF
account of the title R, which appearson no other stycasbeforethose of Eanred,and on account of the moneyer's name heingplacedon the coin, which wasfirst done by Heardulf." From this it would seem if this as
attribution was approved by that authority. I cannot but think that for these reasons,and from
their similarity in workmanshipto Eanred'scoins,these stycasmayin fairness given to Aelfwald II., as Mr. be Heywood Mr. Lindsayhaveboth proposed. and
It is not without significance that Eadvini should have
beenmoneyer both Heardulf and Eanred, to whilst also striking in everyinstancefor AelfwaldII* He was certainly an early moneyer,striking largely for Eanred,but dwindling to one coin,20 the national collectionof in stycasduring AethelredIL's reign, and then disappearing from this series. At first I felt a difficulty in reconciling Mr. Heywood's statement21 that Heardulf had
struck coins with the moneyer Eadvini, with the fact that none were so described except a single styca in Mr. Rashleigh's collection; but since seeing the collection at York I think there is a large series there, apparently unidentified in their catalogue, which have at least as good a claim to be Heardulf's coins as any. Of these the best struck series22 was in the St. Leonard's Place find, and
manyof theseareof Eadvini's work. A rougherseries23

appearsin the Bolton Percy find, somealsowith Eadvini's
name the reverse. All thesehavea peculiarornament on on the reverse, quite unlike that on any other stycas, like a star with the ends pommette*es; the obverse,at and
20B. M. Cat,, p. 161, No. 295 of Ethelred H.
21N. C., 3rd Ser.,vol. vii., p. 220. & Yorkshtre Society's MS. Gutaloyue Stycas. of
33 IbuL
144
NTTMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
leastin the St. Leonard'shoard,appears be fromthe to

samedie in all the twenty-four coins of that type, viz.:Olv.-+ EV + E " ." DAr.'. P.
The styca(see VII. 9) which is now shownof this PI. type is unfortunately of the roughertype from the one
Bolton Percy hoard, but the star is well struck up on the
reverse.It maybenoticed, thoughit may only be a coincidence, that the stycasof Eanred with Eadvine as moneyer
havea cross the middle of the latter's namein many in

instances.24 Is it not possible that the coins reading
EAEDVLF REX may be attributableto that king's last reign afterAelfwald IL, andbefore Eanred5 shortperiod a and of uncertainduration? Two stycasin the British
Museum seem intended to be read in this manner, and
alsoonein the York collection. The greatbulk, however, seem have the regal title omitted,their greaterpreto ponderance, perhaps, being due to their, issueduring the early part of Heardulf's reign, a period of ten years,
as compared to the period after his restoration of from
oneto two yearsat the outside. As, however, thesequestions demand more consideration than I have been able
hithertoto devote, will deferany further noteson the I subject a futureperiod,whenI will alsoput beforethe to
Society any conclusionsI may arrive at on examination of the mass of barbarous stycas in various collections, someof which may be referable to Heardulf Jsperiod.
GrBANTLET.
34B. M. Cat.,vol. i., Nos. 96, 98, 105, 107 of Eanred.
IX.
A FIND OP COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON.
ONthe 5th of July, 1895,as a labourerwasrepairingand banking up a hedge which enclosed orchard near the an
house on a farm called Thorndon, locally pronounced as
Thornham,in the parish of East Worlington, near

Chumleigh, in North Devon, and in the possession and occupation of a Mr. Southwood, his digger struck an earthen vessel, which was broken by the blow, and a quantity of silver coins poured out. The man at once proceeded look further and to dig round the spot in the to
hope of finding more. Eventually three earthen (or, as

they are called in Devon, " cloamen") vessels were brought to light. They were in the form of the present-
daypitchers but they fell to pieces Q, immediately

upon being unearthed. The mouth 'of each pitcher was coveredwith a flat stone,such as might have beenpicked up
at random. These hadbeenhiddenin a holedug out of jars

the " coombe '*
or back of the hedge, and the hole had been covered over with soil and turf. East Worlington is a village situated on the lesser Dart, five miles north-east of
the Lapford Stationon the North DevonRailway,nine

miles south-east of South Moulton, six miles east of Chumleigh, and about nineteen miles from Exeter. The
estateof Thorndonin this parish belonged the sevenin teenth centuryto a family namedCobley. It is generally
believed that the then owner went off to the Civil War,
146
NVMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
but beforedeparting concealed moneyin a place his where

he could recover it on his return; and there is a local tradition that he uttered the words, when at the point of death, " in the orchard," referring, as is now supposed, to the hidden coins. The particulars of the discovery of the hoard have beenkindly communicated me by the Rev. to H. L. Hill, Rector of West Worlington, who adds, "there has always been a tradition handed down from generation to generation that money was concealed somewhereon the farm ; and there appearsin this instance to be good evidence for such a tradition." The hoard was a large
one,and comingunderthe law of treasure-trove forwas

warded to the Museum, where I examined it very carefully. It consistedof no less than 5,188 coins, namely,
shillings and sixpences Edward VI., Elizabeth, and of

James I., and a crown, half-crowns, shillings, and six-
pencesof CharlesI.; also a few Scottish and Irish pieces,and one Spanish dollar. The following is a summary the hoard. of
Edward YI. 99 Elizabeth 99 James I. 9 9 9
Chailes I.
. " " " "
Shillings 11 Sixpences . 7 {Shillings . 578 Sixpences . . 1,649 Shillings . 320 Sixpences . . 184 Scottish half-merks 2 Irish shillings 3
Crown . 1
9 > 9
Half-crowns. Shillings Sixpences
. 485 . 1,652 . 295
Spanish dollar,arc. 1820
1
5,188
Beforepointingout any specialpoints connected with the hoard,I will give a further and more detailed list of
A FIND OF COINSAT EAST WOB.LINGTON.
147
the coins,following the classification Hawkins, under of eachreign. From theseparticularsit will be seenhow complete hoardwas,especiallyin the series Elizathe of beth,James and Charles The following is the list of I., I.
the coins arranged according to their mint-marks or dates.
EDWABD VL
Shillings, m.m. tun . 99 99 y "

-
5 6
11
Sixpences,num. tun 9 99 y
ELIZABETH.
5 2
rr
Shillings, m m. martlet
bell .
96
96 18
cross-crosslet lis .
18
48
scallop
99 99 99 crescent hand tun . .
46
20 23 61
woolpack . key .
anchor 0 . .
54 26
1 3
99 99
1 2
uncertain
. .
num. .
12 33
23 578
Sixpences, 1561,m.m.pheon .
1562, * . .
91
16
(milled), m.m. star,
1
10
21
1563, m.m. pheon . 1565,

rqse .
22
23
1566,
portculHs
60
244
Carried forward
148
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. Brought forward Sixpences,1566, m.m. lion

9 >' j 99 39 coronet
.
. . . . . . .
. "
244 8
1 14 68
1567, II
it
lion
coronet
19
J9 19 99
79
J9 (milled), m.m. lis

1568, m.m. coronet 1569, > ii Jl )9 castle . 1570, J) coronet II castle . 1571, a i> * J9 99 ermine .
>} 91 acorn .
1
75 110 1 23 20 61 1
1
1572, 19 ermine . 1578, 99 99 "

99 99 99 acorn .
. .
.
78 48
40
19 19
99
1574,
99 cinquefoil
99 acorn 91 99 . .
1
15
11
1575,
99 cinqnefoil 99 99
cross
.
.
61
82
1576, 1577, 99
19 91 91
. . .
" .
16 8
1
1578, 99 1579, 19
1580, 99
99 99
99
80 21
56
99
19
1581, 1582, 99 1583,

99
99 99 " 91 sword . 99 bell . 99 scallop . 19 99 " 1) 9 "

99 99 "
. . .
. .
22 48 11
14 20
99
1584, 19 1585, 1586,

1587,
99 99
. . . .
8 20 9
1
99
99 99 crescent 1588, 21 99 1589, 99 99 1590, 99 hand . 1591, >9 99 "

1592,
91 99 "
10 2 7 19 27
8
Carried forward
, 1,286
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON.
149
Brought forward Sixpences, 1592, m.m. tun

99 <JVL>, 99 99 *
, 1,286 , 29
43
4
19 > VJ 19 99
J9
1594, 1595, 99 1596,

1598,
99 19 99 woolpaek 99 99 key . 99 99
99 99
88
17 7 17
1
91 99 99
99
99
99 99 anchor . 1599, 99 99 1601, 99 I .

1602,
)
1 1 9
6 26 164
99
99
uncertain
1 . 2. m.m.
-1,649
JAMES L
Shillings, (Exurgat),m.m. thistle

99 99 lis .
rose .
53
30
(Quse Deus),m.m. lis

99 99 scallop, 99 grapes' .
coronet
47
50
22 7
30
99 key
mullet tower tun thistle . . . . . .
7
1 3 1 4 9 22
*
rose(2ndissue) 12
(plumeovershield)
99 99 99 trefoil uncertain m.m. . . . 7 13
320
Sixpences, 1603(Exurgat),m.m. thistle .

99 1604 99
1605 Carried
VOL. XVII. THIRD
31
12 25
99
HS.
(Quse Deus),m.m. hs
forward ...
.
.
10
12
90
X
SERIES.
150
Brought forward
90 . scaUop
Sixpences, 1605 (Quae Deus),m.m.rose .

1606
1607
20
11 9
1
1608 1610
1611
grapes coronet
bell .
10 7
4 2
1613 1621
1622
mullet trefoil. rose

thistle
2 1 3
1 3 1
1623 93 1624
hS
* . trefoil.
-
uncertain dates, &c. .

-
2 8 7 7
184 2
2 2
Scottish half-merks
Shillings (Irish), m.m. bell cinquefoil

-
1
3
CHAHLES I* Tower Mint.
Half-crowns, m.m. lis (1625)
crosson steps(1626) . anchor(1628) . plume (1630) . portcullis(1633). beU(1634). crown (1635) tun (1636) . triangle (1639) . star (1640). (P) (1643) .
Carried forward
1 8 1 5 21 24 32 11 30
2
harp (1682)
triangle in circle (1641) 155
.
.
19
312
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON.
151
Brought forward
312
Half-crowns, m.m. (E) (1644)

eye (1645)
uncertain m.m.
39
22
54
439
sun (1646)
12
Shillings, m.m. lis (1625)

99
11 2
15 8 5
99
99
cross on steps (1625-6)
castle(1627) . harp (1632) .
plume (1630) . rose (1631) portcullis (1633) bell (1634) . crown (1635) .
45
40 66 132
tun (1636) anchor(1638) .

triangle (1639). (1638) . .
157
62
82
150
star (1640)
triangle in circle (1641)
141
327
(P) (1643)
99 (B) (1644) 99 eye (1645)
46
44
30
4 224
99 sun (1645) 99 sceptre(1646) .

uncertain ,
52
-1,643
Sixpences, m.m. lis (1625) (onewithout m.m. on rev.) crosson steps(1625-6) >, plume (1630)(square shield) plume(1630)(oval shield).
rose on plume on obv.9 rose on rev. ; plume over
2 1 3 1
shield (1631)
harp (1632) . portcullis (1633) hell (1634) . crown (1635) .
.
. . . .
11 17 14 47
tun (1636)
Carried forward .
51
154
152
KTTMISMATICCHRONICLE.
Broughtforward
.154
20 19
Sixpences,m,m. tun (1638) (square shield) anchor (1638). . .
triangle(1639) . . star (1640) ... trianglein circle (1641) . (P)(1643) ...

(E)(1644)
uncertain
34 25 13 2
1
25
295
...
...
Aberystivith Mint. Shillings, m.m. open book

Exeter Mint*
...
-
2
2
Crown, m.m. rose

-
1
1 3 2 tween C. R. . .
Half-crowns, m.m. rose, square shield berose, square shield, C.

R. above...
rose, oval shield .

1644 ...
. date
37
1 43 1 1
Shillings, m.m. rose, square garnished

shield ... .
rose, oval shield between

C. R.

. dated
rose, oval shield, no G. R.

1644 1645 .... .... -
2
2 1 7
rofie, oval shield, dated Sixpence,m.m. rose, oval shield, 1644

Scottish.
Sixpence,rev. square shield between C. R. Spanish dollar, or piece of "8," circ. 1630
1 1
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST 1VOBLINGTON.
153
From
the above list
it will
be seen that, with the
exception a few pieces Edward VI., the hoard conof of

sisted entirely of coins of Elizabeth, James I., and Charles L, and of these reigns, so far as the shillings and
sixpences it is one of the largest and most complete go,

finds on record.
1646.
The coins of Charles L,
with
few
exceptions^ were of the Tower mint, which ceased in

The coins of Edward VI. are all of the last issue, and
of the fine silver standard. They bear the usual mint marks tun and letter y. These coins were much worn.
Of Mary alone, and of Philip and Mary, we have no

coins, but of Elizabeth there is a complete series of the
hammeredshillings with all the mint marks as given

by Hawkins. As there are no new ones,it may be concluded that Hawkins's list is complete, at least so far a& our present knowledge goes. Of the hammeredsixpences of Elizabeth all the known mint marks are represented
except those the year1600, of whichwerethe anchor the and

circle or the figure naught (= 1600). A few of the earlier dates are also missing, but not the mint marks. In addition, there are three varieties not mentioned by Hawkins, The first is the sixpence of 1566 with mint mark a crown. This pieceshows that this mint mark occurred one year earlier than given by Hawkins. The secondpiece is that
of 1571, with mint mark an acorn. The earliest date
iormerly known of this mint mark was 1573. From this we may concludethat the mint mark acorn was also used in 1572, which would give us a sequencefrom 15711574. The third new variety is the sixpence of 1587, with mint mark a scallop. Hawkins gives the dates 1584, 1585, and 1586 for that mint mark, but not this
iourth year, 1587. There is only one specimen this of
154
NUMISMATIC CHRONTCLT5.
coin in the hoard, and it shows that the die was an
altered one of 1586. The milled coinage of Elizabeth
is represented two sixpences by only, viz., one of 1562

with mint mark a star, the other of 1567 with mint mark
a lis. The coins of this reign are so much worn that among the shillings there are 23 specimens the mint marks of which are not recognisable,and among the sixpencesno lessthan 164, the dates of which are no longer legible.
In the seriesof shillings of JamesI. we haveall the mint marks recorded Hawkins, but of the sixpences by the following dates are missing:-1609, key ; 1612,
tower; 1613, cinquefoil; and 1615, tun. The presence of two Scottish half-merks and three Irish shillings shows
that thesecoinspassed currency in England at the in

time.
Of CharlesI. the only local mints represented this in

hoard are those of Aberystwith and Exeter. Of the former there are only two shillings, and of the latter one crown, the only one in the hoard, 46 half-crowns, 7 shillings, and one sixpencedated 1644. The Tower series of half-crowns, shillings, and six-
pences unusually complete. Of the half-crownsthe is only missing mint marks are the castle (1627), the negro's head (1626-7), the heart (1629-30),the rose (1631),the anchor (1638), and the sceptre(1646). All
the half-crowns, with mint mark a rose, in the hoard must be given to Exeter; those of the Tower showing the king bearing his sword directed over his shoulder, and the horse caparisoned. The Exeter pieceshave the
swordupright andthe horse withoutplumes caparisons; or

besides that they all bear the peculiarly shaped rose
attributed to Exeter.
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTON. The half-crowns with mint mark anchor had
155 that
symbol in three different positions,viz., upright, or turned to left or to right. Of the shillings, the only missing mint marks are the negro's head (1626-7), the anchor, 1628, and the heart (1629-30). There are no new
varieties in either the coins of this denomination or in the
half-crowns. Of the sixpences one specimenof the lis mint

mark, 1625, has none on the reverse, and another dated
1630, with mint mark plume, has a square shield on the reverseinstead of an oval one. This variety is unpublished, and showsthat the changein the form of the shield took place early in this year; all the other known sixpenceswith this mint mark having the oval shield on the reverseand being without date. The missing mint marks in the series of sixpences are the castle, 1627, of which Hawkins cites only one example, formerly in the Neck
cabinet, the negro'shead (1626-7); the anchor, 1628; the heart (1629-30); the eye and sun, 1645; and the
sceptre, 1646,
The two Aberystwith shillings are of the usual type

with mint mark an open book, and on the reverse an oval shield ornamentedwith a plume.
Of the Exeter mint the crown has the mint mark a
rose, and on the reverse an oval garnished shield. It is not dated,and is, therefore, assigned by Hawkins to the
earliest issue of the mint. The half-crowns are of four
reverse types, viz., with oval garnished shield between 0. R.; with similar shield surmountedby 0. R.; with oval
garnishedshield and no letters; and, lastly, with oval

shield and date 1644. It should be noted that the shield
of the first two types is different from that of the last two.
It is less oval,andis, in fact,oblong thecorners with only

rounded. Hawkins,in his description, merelycallsall the
156
shields oval. The shillings are of the same types as the half-crowns, but one specimen has the oblong oval garnished shield without the letters C. R. This type appears to be unpublished. Three specimens dated 1644 and are 1645. The only sixpence of Exeter in the find is that
which is dated 1644, and with the oval shield on the
reverse. This coin is extremely rare. It will be seen from the list that the only mint mark on the Exeter coins is the rose. There is no specimenwith the castle mint mark, which does not appear to have been adopted till
the end of 1645. later on. This circumstance will be accounted for
As East Worlington is situated only about nineteen miles from Exeter, it is not surprising to find a fair
number of coins of this mint in the hoard. In fact,
amongst such a large number one would have expected certainly to have met with not only some of Briot's coins, but also some of the other local mints, such as
Shrewsbury, Oxford, Bristol, and Weymouth,which had beguntheir issues long before1646. We can only conclude that the output of the coins from these mints was limited, and that their circulation was confined to a
restrictedarea,if not within the actual city where they

were struck.
The coins of CharlesL, of the Tower mint, are mostly
in poor conditionor badly struck. This applies specially

to the half-crowns and shillings. Of the former there
are 54 specimens, mint marks of which are either the illegible or not struck up, and of the shillings thereare
no lessthan 224 pieces in a similar state. The Exeter coins, on the other hand, are in many instances as fresh as whenissuedfrom the mint, but, nevertheless, majority the
are ill ^truck; the flan beingvery irregular and chipped.
A FIND OF COINS AT EAST WORLINGTOX.
157
There is not a single example which would be described as a " good round coin."
To give an approximate dateto the burial of this hoard

is not a difficult matter. The latest struck coin in the
hoard is the shilling of Charles I., of the Tower mint, with the mint mark, a sceptre. The issue of this coin, as
we knowfrom the sixpence, took placein 1646. Turning

to the history of Devonshire of that date, we find that this
yearwasoneof great tribulation for the county. It was

the scene of the final conflict between the Parliamentarians
and the Royalists in the "West of England.

and Wentworth,
manded the latter,
Fairfax and
Charles, com-
Cromwellcommanded former, whilst Lords Hopton the

with whom was Prince
not enter "We need into the details
of this strugglebeyond purpose. Exeter,Dartmouth, our

and Plymouth were besiegedby one side or the other, and Fairfax wasactive in scouring the country with his army. On the 14th of February, 1646, he was with his army at Chumleigh, a distance of only six miles from East Worlington. A couple of days afterwards Torrington fell into his hands, the army of the Boyalists was taken prisoners or else scattered,and those who escapedtook refuge with their generalsLord Hopton and Lord Cassel in Cornwall. In about a month Exeter surrendered, and this being followed shortly afterwards by the submission of Barnstaple, ihecoup de gracewas given to the causeof the King in the "West, Thesedata afford us sufficient evidence for fixing the time when the hoard was buried. The absence any coins of a smaller denomination than of the sixpence would at first sight have indicated not a
privatehoard,but rather a part of a military chest hastily concealed. is alsovery probable It that in their flight the HoyaEst troopsmusthavepassed nearthe spotwhere very
VOL. XVII THIRD SERIES. Y
158
the coins were concealed.
The nature of the burial, how-
ever, viz. in three ordinary household pitchers, the close proximity of the farmhouseand the local tradition, induce
one rather to take the other view and to class the coins
as a private hoard. No doubt at this time the villagers ran great risks of being robbed either by the Royalists or Parliamentarians ; and as it was probably known that the
owner of Thorndon Farm was well-to-do, concealment was
the best mode of protection.
So the owner buried his

or defence of
coins,and as he did not unearth them he may possibly

have been one of those who fell in the attack
Torrington in 1646. Suchan eventwould tally with the

circumstances as connected with the owner, and with the
probable date of the burial of the hoard, which we would place at quite early in 1646. The absence any coins of of Exeter with the mint mark a castle, which was adopted at the end 1645,may also be easily accountedfor. That
city wasbesieged the Parliamentarians the end of by at

that year, and as the siegelasted for sometime it is probable that no coins of the later issue had passed of the out
city beforethe burial of the hoard.

One peculiar circumstance connected with the hoard is that many of the coins of Charles I. are much defaced by crossscratching. As this defacement would not probably
havebeendone the Hoyalists,one can only conjecture by that this mode of defacing the coinswas one way by
which the Parliamentarians in North Devon showed their H. A. GRUEBER.
disrespectfor the King.
X. A FIND OF COINS AT CBEDITON, N, DEVON. ON the 15th October last, whilst some alterations were
being carried out to a building forming a part of the

parish church of Credit on, in Devonshire, a large hoard of English silver coins was discovered. The building where the find took place consists of three storeys. The ground-floor is occupied by the vestry. Above that are two small rooms, and above these, on the secondfloor, a
large roomwhich is usedby the governors the church of

for their meetings. Thesegovernors are a body of twelve men, supposedto be yeomen of the parish, and they hold that position by virtue of an ancient charter. The two intermediate rooms, betweenthe vestry and the governors' room, were formerly used, one as a plumbery, the other as a kitchen, but more recently they served as lumberrooms. These, as well as the governors* room, are approached by a spiral staircase,and are built against the outer wall of the church. It was whilst carrying out
somerepairs in the plumbery,in the process convertof

ing it into a vestry for the choir, that the discovery took
placeandin the following manner.1

1The particulars relating to the actualfinding of the coinshave
beenfurnished by Mr. L. A. D. Montague, member our a of

Societv.
160
Whilst a workmanwasemployed removing ceilin the ing of the plumbery,he struck against a hard substance
with his hammer, and when the plaster gave way there
came down a shower of silver coins of various sizes. On
closer inspection the workman found that he had cut into a leather bag, which wasresting on the beamnext to the wall and between the joists supporting the floor of the
governors'room above. When all the coinswere collected, they were found to weigh about 19| Ibs. The ceiling of the plumbery is only seven feet high; so that it was possibleto have placed the bag in the position in
which it wasfound by removing the ceiling and afterwards replacing the plaster; or the bag could have been placed there by removing the floor of the room above.
This latter mode of concealment seems to be the more
probable. As the coins had been claimed as treasure-trove, they were forwarded in the leather bag in which they were found to the British Museum, where they underwent a
careful examination, the results of which are now laid
before the Society. The hoard consists of shillings and sixpencesof Edward VI., Philip and Mary, and Elizabeth ; half-crowns,
shillings, andsixpences James I. and Charles and of I.;

crowns,half-crowns,shillings, and sixpences CharlesII., of and a few Scottish and Irish pieces.
The following is a summary of the contentsof the

hoard :-
Edward VI.
. Shillings . Sixpences Philip and Mary Shillings Sixpences

Carried forward
... ... ...

. .
7 4 4 3
18
A FIND OF COINS CREDITON, DEVON. AT N.

Elizabeth ,
James I.
161
Brought forward . . Shillings (hammered) . Sixpences ,, (milled) .

. Half-crowns ...
. . . .
18 166 616 1
3
, Shillings . . .107 . Sixpences ... 99 . Thistle merks (Scottish) 9 4 Half . Shillings (Scottish) . 2 (Irish) . . 2
Charles I. .
.
Tower
Briot
Half-crowns
.
.
164 *
1
. Bristol . Oxford
. York
. Shrewsbury . Weymouth
. . . . . . . . . . Worcester Scottish Tower Shillings . Oxford Scottish Tower Sixpences . Hammered Half-crowns Shillings ,, Sixpences Milled Crowns , Half-crowns. Shillings .
. .
.
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
2 8
4
1 3
1 2 468
3
"J J) Charles II. M ,,
141 16 10 5 4 19 4
1884
It will be noticed from this list that though the coins overlap the period by many years both before and after, there wasnot a single coin of the Commonwealth in the
hoard.
As in the case the East Worlington hoard,the parof

ticulars of which I communicated to the Society a few weeks ago, I will now give a more detailed list of the find of coins before us, taking the various issuesof each reign in the order of Hawkins. In addition to this
162
mention will be madeof any specialvarieties or any coin
deserving special notice.

EDWARD VI.
Shillings(full-face), m.m. tun ...

-
6
7
Sixpences(full-face), m.m. tun

PHILIP y "
4
AND MARY.
Shillings, mark of value on rev., no date .

1555 obv.
4
Sixpences,mark of value on rev., date on obv. 1554, 1557 (2) ....

ELIZABETH.
Shillings (hammered), m.m. martlet . 99 ? cross-crosslet.

9 9 9 9
19 22
4 5
lis bell
l ,
9
9
9 i
9
A. . scallop .
crescent
13 12
5
9
9
hand
tun
4
16
, ,
9 9
j )
9 9 ,,
woolpack key
o 1 . . . . . .
15 6
2 9
2 .
uncertain(clipped) .
1562 1564 1565 1565
25 20
7
166
Sixpences (hammered), 1561,m.m. phsson .

99 99 99 99 J> )9 99 . rose
8
5
9 49
Carried
forward
A FIND OF COINS CREDITOR, DEVON. 163 AT N.

Brought forward Sixpences(hammered), 1566, m.m. portcullis 7) 1566, lion 99 1567, ?j 37 . 33 1567, 95 coronet 37 1568, 31 JJ 1569, JJ 33 5) 1570, 33 33
71 1570, 33 castle
49 20
2
7
15
34
19 7
4
15 1
JJ
1571, 33 1573, 1573, 1573, 1574, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1578, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1582, 1583, 1583, 1584, 1584, 1585, 1586,
1587,
J3
ermine
j 7
> 3 3 ) > 3 > 7 3 3 J J 3 3 3 J > J 9
3
(milled) 1571, (hammered) 1572,

> j> >?
33
3J
acorn
28 7 11
cmquefoil
acorn
7
1
cinquefoil j 3> J3 '

cross
20
22
4
3
23 24
>3 >3 33
sword bell
" 11 7
19 3
3> s . bell, S . scallop 3> 3>

crescent .
10 4 6 10 10 5
5
2
3 ) J 3 >
3 3*
1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592,

1592, 1593,
5)
3J
hand
33
37
tun
73
2 7 5 1
9 39
1594,
1595,
woolpack
91
15
1
1595,
Carried forward
key
2
. 468
164
Brought forward
. 468
Sixpences (hammered), 1596,m.m.key

1598, 1599,
1601, 1
.
.
7
2 1
4
. anchor . 1 2
m.m. or date
1602, 1602,
uncertain
. .
1 8
1 26 617
JAMES I.
Half-crown(Quse Deus)m.m, lis (plume over

shield) . trefoil slipped .
-
1 2
8
Shillings(Exurgat)m.m. thistle.
lis
...
.
. .
.
.10
. .
. .1
10
(QuaeDeus)
rose
.
...
8
8
escallop
,, ,,
11
7
coronet bell .
cinqueioil
tun ...
1
1
rose (1621) . . 8 thistle (1621) . 2 (plume over shield) 1 trefoil slipped (1624) 5 (Exurgat) (QvaeDeus)
uncertain 2 32 107
Sixpences(Exurgat), 1603, m.m thistle

1604, 1605,
IIB rose
.
.
15
12
(Qiife Deus), 1604, m.m. lis 1606, 1606, 1607,

1607, ,
6 9 5
8
. 12 .6
scallop . .
coronet .
1608, 1609, 1611, 1613,

Carried forward
, , ,
key
mullet
. .3
.
2
1
cinquefoil
1
80
A FI10) OF COINSAT CREDITORN. DEVON. Brought forward 1621, 1624,

.
165
rose
.80
Sixpences (Quae Deus),1615,m.m. tun 1623, ,> lis

dates
k
.
1
1
.3
.
2 3
9 99
1624,
Scottish.
uncertain
trefoil .
Thistlemerks(1602)
j, uncertain dates Half Thistle merks, uncertain dates . Shillings, m.m. thistle ....
Irish.
4
.
-
5 4 2
15
Shillings(Exurgat),m.m. bell (Henricus) rose
1 1
CHARLESI.
(TowerMM.)
Half-crown,m.m. lis (1625) plume(1630)

,i ,,
1 1
1
,, (plume above shield) .
rose (1631) ...
>, j,
star (1640) ... 7 trianglein circle (1641) . 24 (P)(1643) ... 10 3) (E)(1644) ... 19
eye (1645)
uncertain
harp (1632) (C.R. at sides) 1 portcullis (1633) . . 2 bell (1634) ... 2 crown (1635) . . 2 tun (1636) ... 9 anchor (1638), upright and prostrate . . 2 triangle (1639) , . , 13
...
sun (1645) ... ,> sceptre(1646)

.
.
>
16 . 1
,46
Carried forward
VOL. XVll. THIRD SER1E$.
164
2
1G6
Brought forward . . . Half-crown (Briot), m.m. anchor and B (oval shield) ... 1645 (Bristol), BE. in mon. on
both sides ....
164
1
1642(Oxford),no mint name.

1643 1643
3
2
1 1
,, ,,
,5 ,, . large plume bebelow. 1643. OX.
tween two small ones above,

declaration date .....
1645 (Oxford), with OX under
1645 (Oxford), with

,,
1642 (Shrewsbury), declaration, above which -26. 1642 (Weymouth), W under horse ; rev. square shield crowned, coarsework .
no date ; no letter under horse ;
1 1
2
,,
rev. oval garnished shield,

with Hs on either side . .
(York); rev. oval garnished

shield, m.m. lion . . (Worcester local mint); tev. square crowned shield between C. E. Scottish. . . .1
Half-crown, one with F (Falconer) under

' horse's foot; m.m. thistle .
-
2
22
(Tower Mint.)
Shillings, m,m. lis (1625) ... 6
-186 . 1 1
3 4 7
8
anchor(1628) ... hs (1630)oval shield
plume (1630) . . rose (1631) ... harp (1632), C.E. at sides portcullis (1633), C E. at
sides ....
bell (1634) ... crown (1635) ...

Carried forward ...
8 20
56
A FIND OF COINS CREDITOR DEVON. 167 AT N.

Brought forward . . .58 Shillings, m.m. tun (1636) oval shield . 34 (1638) square shield . 4 anchor (1638), various positions ... 9 triangle (1639) . . 32 star (1640) ... 28
trianglein circle (1641) . (P) (1643) ...

(R) (1644) ... eye (1645) ... sun (1645) ... sceptre (1646) . uncertain m.m., oval shield ,, square shield
63 12
29 8 21 8 14 148
. . .
(Oxford) 1643 ....

1645
...
2
1
(Scottish) m.m. two thistles on obv., F. on rev. ...
1
472
(Toicer Mint.) Sixpences,1625, m.m. lis ... cross on steps ?, 1626, ,, ,, ,, 1627, negro's head. m.m. plume (1630) . . .1 . . 6 1 1 4
portcullis (1633) . bell (1634) ... crown (1635)...

tun (1636), oval shield
.
.
2 4 10
12
(1638),squareshield . anchor(1638)all to right triangle(1639) . . star (1640) ... (R)(1644)

sun (1645)
8 8 18 5
3
triangle in circle (1641) .
...
...
.
3
6
23
uncertain m.m. oval shield
,,
Scottish
square shield .
25
1 141
168
CHARLES TT,
HammeredCoinage Half-crown, mark of value, no inner circles ,

and inner circles
1
15 16
Shillings, mark of value, and inner circles . Sixpences, . Milled Coinage. Crown, 1662, rose under bust
1663
10 5
.1
2
1666
-
1
4
Half-crowns, 1663,1669,1670 1671f2), (2), 1673,1675,1676(3), 1677(3), 1679(3),

1683(2) 19
Shillings,1663,1668(2), 1680
Before proceeding to give particulars of any of the individual coins in the hoard, it should be noted that by far the greater number are in very poor condition. They are so much rubbed by being in circulation, that not only are the mint-marks often not to bedistinguished, but in many instances the inscriptions are almost illegible. From
EdwardVL to James thereis not a singlecoin in even I.

fair condition: those of Charles I. are, on the whole, not
quite so much worn; whilst the majority of the milled

coins of Charles II. show but few signs of having been in circulation. His hammered coins are, for the most part,
rubbed,
The few coins of Edward VI. and Philip and Mary call
for no remarksbeyondthat, as in the EastWorlington find, the only coinsof the first reign are of the finesilver
series.
Of Elizabeth all the known mint-marks on the shillings
arerepresented the hoard with the exceptionof the in
A FIND OF COINSAT CREDITON, DEVON. N.
169
anchor, 1597* The mint-marks of the sixpencesare quite
complete, only a few dates are missing. Onepiece and

of 1570 shows the mint-mark, a castle struck over a
coronet; and in the whole series there is only one milled coin, and that a sixpence of 1571, with the mint-mark a
castle.
There are only three half-crownsof JamesI. in the

hoard: one with mint-mark lis (1604), the others with
trefoil slipped (1613); and all with the legend QVJE

DEVS. The series of shillings and sixpences of this reign is not so complete as regards mint-marks and dates as that of Elizabeth. A comparison of the above lists with those given in Hawkins will show which are the
missing ones; so they need not be set out in detail.

There are several Scottish coins, which prove, as in the caseof the East Worlington find, that these passed in currency in England, the thistle merks as shillings and the half thistle merks as sixpences. There are also two Irish shillings, which must have passedcurrent for half
their nominal value, i.e., 6d.
Of CharlesI. we get no crowns,but there is a good

representative series of half-crowns of the Tower Mint, and somerather interesting pieces of local issue. Some
of the earlier half-crowns struck between 1625 and 1630
are wanting, but after 1630 the series is quite complete

down to 1646, when it will
of coins at the Tower Mint
be recollected that the issue

ceased till the Common-
wealth. In spite of a very careful examination no new

varieties were met with; but it should be noted that
these coins were in such a poor state, that out of 164
specimens mint-marksof 46 couldnot be made the out. Amongst the local half-crowns the following are the
more noteworthy pieces. Of Oxford there are three*
170
specimensof 1642, the first year in which coins were

issued from that mint; these were struck from the usual
Oxford dies, and not from those imported from Aberystwith, as wasmostly the case. Of 1643 there is one piece with, a large plume between two small ones over the
declaration, and with the date and mint-mark 1643 OX.
below. One of 1645 has lozenges for stops between the words of the legends, and on either side of the date are the initials of the mint. Of Shrewsbury there is one specimenof the somewhat rare piece, having above the
declarationthe value 2s. 6d., divided by oneplumeonly.

Of Weymouth one half-crown has the usual w under the horse, and on the reverse a square shield crowned; but it is of such coarsework, that it was probably an imita-
tion of an original coin of that mint, and may therefore

have been struck elsewherethan at Weymouth. There are also two other pieceswhich, though not bearing the
initial of the mint on the obverse, must also be attributed
to Weymouth.
They have on the obversethe horse with
long flowingmanein front, and on the reverse usual the oval shield,but garnished with two lis. They aresimilar
to Hawkwis, 500, which is classed among the uncertain half-crowns, and also like those pieces,describedin the
Montagu SaleCatalogue (Part iii.), underlots 613-617.

Prom their similarity to coins that were undoubtedly struck at Weymouth, there can be little question of this attribution. It may be added that on one specimenthere
was a rosette after AVSPICE,
new varieties.
and on another a lis in the
sameplace. The York half-crownsdo not furnish any

Of the Tower shillings a few mint-marks are wanting
between 1625 and 1630, as was the case with the halfrtf/\Trmo Vmf. "P'ron-i Oia Iflffor rlal.A -f.Tio QATIPS; TK miiô orvrn-
A FIND OF COINS CREDITON, DEVON. AT N.
171
plete. Thereis only one somewhat exceptionalpiece to be noticed-a shilling with the mint-mark lis, andhaving the bust of the king in lace collar and armour on the
obverse and an oval shield on the reverse. This coin must have been struck after 1630, and as it is of somewhat
rude work it should perhaps be attributed to " an uncertain mint." Its original type would be a coin of the Tower Mint. The only shillings of local striking are those of Oxford, which present no new varieties. It may be added that out of 468 specimensthe mint-marks on 162 pieceswere undistinguishable.
Of the sixpences, which are all of the Tower Mint except oneScottish, list is fairly complete. Thereis the
only one rare specimen, and that the sixpence of 1627 with the negro's head.
Neither the hammered coins nor those of the milled
seriesof Charles II. call for any special remarks. It need only be noticed that whilst the hammered pieces are a good deal rubbed and worn, those of the milled series are in excellent condition and appear to have been but little
in circulation.
The absence any coin of the Commonwealthseemsat of

first somewhat remarkable ; but when we take into con-
sideration that the circulationof suchcoins prohibited was after November, 1661, their absence easilyexplained. It is
is most probable that the forming of this hoard did not
commence till after that date. under which the hoard was buried As to the conditions
there is little scopefor conjecture. It was hidden under
very differentcircumstances that foundabouta year from and a-half agoat EastWorlington, which place situated is
about ten miles from Crediton. The burial of the East
Worlington hoard was due to the unsettled state of the
172
country and tookplaceabout1645. The Crediton hoard

was not buried till after 1683, or about forty years later.
"When found it wasconjectured someconnection that may

have existed between the two hoards ; but the dates sup-
plied by the coins show that this is impossible. The

East Worlington hoard must have been buried quite twenty years before the owner of that of Crediton Church began amassinghis.
The Creditonhoard is of a purely private character

and was not in any way connectedwith outside influences. Hidden within the precincts of the church, it must have been placed there by someone engagedwithin the building. Whether the owner obtained the coins honestly or not, or whether they had formed part of the church
offerings, would be a matter of pure conjecture* It representeda goodly sum at that time.
state of the earlier coins of Charles II.
From the rubbed

it is evident that
the amassing the hoard did not begintill after 1665of

and must have extended over a period of about twenty years. We draw this conclusion from the fact that the
earlier milled coinsof that reign are in suchgood condition that they could not long have been in circulation before they were set aside.
H. A. GRUBBER.
XI. THE TYPE KNOWN AS "THE

RHEGIUM.
DEMOS," ON COINS OP
(SeePlate VIII.) THEfirst issueof the well-known Rhegian coin type of a
seated male figure is supposed coincide to with the establishment of the rule of democracyat that city in 466 B.C., and it is believed-on account of the advancedstyle of the latest, as compared with the semi-archaic character of the earliest specimens-to have extended over about half a century. The figure has been explained in various ways. Somenumismatists,in taking their stand on the, doubtless correct, chronological attribution of the series,have seen in it a direct reflection and result of the political revolution. Others have been content to judge the type by itself according to the evidenceafforded by such specimensas had come within the scopeof their observation. On this
latter principle the figure hasbeenthought to represent

Asklepios and Trophonios,1or even the master of a choir of thirty-five youths who, as Pausanias2 informs us, were lost in crossingfrom Messanato Rhegium.3 The historic view may possibly underlie Eckhel's description of the type; "Juppiter sedens d. hastam,"4 as he may have
1 Zeitsck.fur Num., XHL, p. 811. 2 PausaniasV., 25. 3 Carelli, p. 110. 4 Doetrina Num., I., 178.
VOL. XVII, THIRD SERIES. A A
174
thought of the god in the exercise his chief function of

towards men, viz., as the deliverer, in which capacity he appearson well-known Sicilian coins of a later date. It is not necessary specify the reasonswhich render to all these explanations unacceptable,5as they have generally beenabandoned since another moreacceptable theory was brought forward which has continued to hold the field; according to it the figure is the Demos,the impersonation of the Common Wealth. This view does not
appear to have been questioned since it was advancedwith one exception,of which further on. Its favourable reception it seemsto owe essentially to the satisfaction which it affords to the historical sense by directly connecting the type with an important political event. There is, besides, about this theory something of a convenient vagueness, and when a pleasing and striking idea is illustrated and supported by so charming an object as the figure on coin No. 15 of our plate (Paris collection), we admire and we assent. I will, however, try to ascertain if it can be made good on general archaeological as well as on numismatic grounds. To begin with the latter-the head of Demos, both
beardedand beardless, occursfrequently on Greek imperial coins,mainly of Asia Minor, Thewholefigure is found muchmorerarely. Occasionally other impersonations, such as BOYAH, are mentioned along with
AHMOC-6 On Greek autonomous coins " O AEMOZ" of occurs but once, viz., on the famous tetradrachm
5 I wouldonly mentionin passing Carelli'sextraordinary that interpretationof the figure as the " magisterchori juvenum
XXXV "-may have been suggestedby the figure of Stesichorus
on a late coin of Thermae Himerenses.
6 Basehe,HI., p. 202.
TYPEKNOWNAS "THE DEMOS,"ON COINS RHEGIUM. 175 OF Athens. Kohler7 ascribes its issue to 86 or 85 B.C.;
Head in his S. M. Cat. Attica, p. Ivi., acceptsthis date, though he formerly placed it as early as about 200 B.C.8 I
preferthelater date; for althoughthe fabricappears rather

more spreadthan that of the tetradrachm of the time, and with the name,of Mithridates, the work is very rude, while that of the early issues large spreadtetradrachmsis good. of The historical reasons also, as put forward by Kohler,
appear me convincing. But evenif we accept Head's to

first assumption," Demos" on coins cannot be traced back further than about two hundred years before Christ, and
then only in the form of an inscription,not as a type,

which latter seems to be confined to non-autonomous issues.
Similar chronological conditionsappear apply to other to impersonativetypes, like HfEMONIA, CYNKAHTOC, BOYAH, and others. In very rare cases only can we discovercomparatively early pictorial renderings of similarly abstractconceptions. To these belong the types PUMA onthe third centurystaterof Epizephyrian of
Locri and the head of ZIKEAIA on a bronze coin of EAAA-but Alaesa, attributed to the time of Timoleon.
only as a legend, not a type-occurs on a drachm of
Larissa,whichis supposed havebeenstruck by Alexto

ander of Pherae during his occupation of the town. This, however, may be part of a magistrate's name. The
earliestimpersonative coin-type and legendoccur,as far

as I know, on a stater of Cyzicus, which is attributed to
the early part of the fourth century.9 On it appearsa

7 Zeitsch.fur Num., XII, p. 106. 8 Hist. Num., p. 818.
9 Green well, Coinage Cyzicus^ of Num.Chron.,1887,vol. viL,

p. 76, PL III, Fig. 8.
176
female figure seatedon a cippus with the inscription

EAEY0EP1.
We see,then, that coins of ascertained meaning supply
no evidence that any impersonative figureshad come into

useearlier than the fourth century, that is, at leastseventy
yearsafterthe first issue the Rhegiantype. of

I will now briefly touch upon the wider fields of ancient art in sculpture and painting.
We hear of numerous works of later Hellenistic
times, commonly called allegorical subjects, which impersonate abstract conceptions. Some few of these are left to us. We meet with figures and groups which are
meant to visualize the idea of civic communities, each
beingprovidedwith distinguishingattributes.10In this

class of works of art may also be included the colossal figure of Nilus, with the sixteen cubits of the rise of his
waters in the form of naked children. Nilus himself is
not an allegorical figure, but a great and beneficentdeity, honoured, no doubt, by offerings on many altars. But
the figures emblematic the cubits are truly alleof

gorical. In distinguishing allegorical figures from others we should be careful to ascertain as fully as possiblewhether the ideas embodiedby a figure had, or had not, grown
into a real deity with the people. Otherwise misapprehensions sureto follow and multiply. No doubt very are manyof the godsandgoddesses originated the figures in
of speechof poets. None the lessdid they becomedivine beings from the moment when they receivedthe honours
of worship. To take a case point. It might be conin

364,
ia Overbeek, Geschickte griech, far Plastik, II. Ed., vol. ii,
'TYPE KNOWNAS "THE DEMOS/' ONCOINS RHEGIUM. 177 OF
tended on what appearsgood ground that allegorical subjectswerenot foreign to Greeksculpturaldesignat a very earlyperiod; for do wenot read in Pausanias that
on thechest Cypselus wasdepicted of there Afar]punishing 'AZucla Justiceandinjusticeseem ? purelyallegorical

figures. Yet we find that Hesiod already knows ALKTJ as the child of Zeus and Themis, and that altars were
erected to her. About' A.ILKLCL there seems to be no such
positive information. Nevertheless, surelydid assume she shape did exist in the Greekmind as the necessary and
antithesis to Aa-i;, and as a divine, if evil, being.
Thework commonly mentioned the first allegory in as sculpturewas a group by Euphranor,of presumably the
middle of the fourth century, which represented Hellas
crowned 'Aper//. Only one,however, the figuresby of that of Hellas-can be truly calledallegorical. 'Apery],
as much as Nike or the Muses, was divine, and supposed
to be the daughterof Zeus.11

Lysippus became real creator of allegory in sculpthe
ture whenhe produced celebrated his Katpos, presumably

not many years after the production of the Hellas of Euphranor.12 Painting, with its greater freedom of choice, had precededsculpture in the treatment of allegorical subjects.
Thuswe readthat Panaenus, contemporary friend the and of Phidias,painted a figure of Hellas and of Salamis. Abouthalf a centurylater Parrhasius produced famous his Demos. Theart of die-engraving partaking, in regardto
treatment and choice of subjects,of the characterof sculpture and painting, it is interesting and instructive to
11Koscher's Lexikon tier griech. u. rom. MytJwlogie. 12Overbeck'sGesch.dergnech. Platiih. II, Ed.? vol. ii.? 92*
178
observe that the earliest instance of an allegorical coin type-the Eleutheria of the Cyzicenestater-occurs at an approximately equal distance of time from the creations of Panaenusand of Lysippus. We may conclude,then, that the subject was suggestedto the engraver by a picture, not a work of sculpture. As regards our coin-type of Rhegium, however, I
venture to assert that it could not be intended as an im-
personation of the Demos seventy or eighty years before the first recordedinstance of the treatment of this subject, even in painting.
Perhaps should I refer hereto anothersupposed Demos

on contemporarycoins of Tarentum, because is brought it
forward on behalfof the theory in regardto the Rhegian

type. I contend, even outside my main argument, that
this figure is, in the true allegorical sense, more a no

Demos than the figure on the Rhegian coins. This much may indeedbe conceded, that, since the name of the city is, in every single letter, identical with that of its mythic founder TAP AX, the artists who engraved the dies would readily and naturally attribute to the oekist's
figure objectswhich had becomesources the city's of wealth(mostcommonly distaff). But what justificathe tion is there to go beyond this point, when we find the
figure expressly designatedas TARA^ ? Political changes often induced new coin-types. But these types very rarely refer directly, or even distantly, to the nature of the events by which they were produced
-at least, not till later times than those with which we
are concerned.
To account for the numismatic fact seems me fairly to obvious,at least from one point of view. For if-and
there seems sufficientwarrant for the supposition-the
TYPEKNOWNAS "THE DEMOS,"ON COINS RHEGIUM. 179 OF
working of the mints in the earlierstages Greekciviliof

sation was directed by the priesthood, they were ipso facto raised abovethe rivalry of political factions, and as every man whose mother tongue was Greek was expected, on occasion, honour any of the national deities, so would to their ministers be reluctant to dishonour any of the
worshippers.Only victoriesoverBarbarians could,therefore, be alluded to on the public coinage, e.g., in the case of the "Damareteion," over the Carthaginians; or over the Etruscans, by means of the pistrix on transitional tetradrachms of Syracuse. I have said before that the favourite interpretation of the seated figure as the Demos of Ehegium had been
seriously objected so far as I know,once only. The to,

objection was raised by Head, who says13: " The seated
figure is usually thought to personify the Demos of

Ehegium. For my own part I am inclined to look upon him as a divinity of the nature of Agreus or Aristaeus,
the patronof rural life and pursuits. The shepherd's dog,

the duck, and the crow, frequently seenunder or beside
his seat, would thus stand in some sort of intimate rela-
tion to the main type j whereas, if the figure is Demos,
they mustbe regarded merelyas adjunct symbolsunconnectedwith the principal figure/' There is no doubt that the adjunct symbols of these coins are disposedin such a manner as to connect them directly with the main type, so that the one should not be judged apart from the other. To do so would, in the case of such early coins, be at least as unwarranted
as, for instance, in that of the coins of Pandosia and
Epidaurus,where we cannot separatethe dog, or the

'
* Hist Num., p. 94.
180
dog andserpent, fromthe figures Panandof Askleof

pios. With a view to ascertainwhether the principle laid down Headcanbefollowedout, and appliedto all by
known varieties of the series with, consistency,I procured castsof coins from the great public collections. In ex-
aminingthese, perceived the natureof the adjuncts I that

was not the only point to be considered. Before proceedingin this direction, I will inquire if the supposition that the figure may represent " a divinity of the nature of Agreus or Aristaeus" is favoured by the character of the coin type which immediately precedesit. This is the Messenian type of the mule-car and the hare.
The former, the mule-car, does not concern us, as it
belongs to the usual agonistic class. But the hare, as
the typeandemblemof Messenian Pan-Messanabeing

then united with Ehegium under one ruler-has a local
significance. When Ehegium, in throwing off the yoke of personalrule, separated the connection, maysupwe pose eagerto rid the coinage the Messenian her of badge.
The earlier type of the lion's mask took the place of the chariot, and in this the citizens offended no deity. But while dispossessing Pan of a place of honour, they would wish to solicit the protection and favour of a kindred god3 who, if of lesser antiquity (at least, as far as his worship
in Sicily andMagna Grraecia concerned), was wouldyet

be as potent and beneficent a guardian of their fields and flocks. And as this new protector came in to take his
place,he, perhaps account his kindredoffice,took on of unto him something the nature and character Pan of of
himself. But of this presently.
Returningnowto the various coins,or castsof coins,

which I have procured, I shall proceed to consider our
type under three aspects. First, I shall remark on
TYPE KNOWN <CTHE AS DEMOS,"ON COINS RHEGIUM. 181 OF
certain attitudes of the figure.
Secondly, I shall notice
objects directly accessory it. to
Lastly, I shall examine
if a direct meaning may be established, throughout, be-
tweenthe adjunct symbols and the-supposed-figure of

Aristaeus.
In reading over the scattered notices concerning

Aristaeus which have come down to us, one is struck
with nothing so much as the variety of his functions and the diversity of his nature. The son of Apollo, he is endowedwith the gift of prophecy and exercises the
art of healing. Pindar putshim besideZeus and Apollo,

and with the character of both. Cheiron, the Muses,
and the Nymphs were his teachers, these last instruct-
ing him in the culture of beesand olive-groves. At

Gyrene he creates the silphium. In Ceoshe teaches the inhabitants to escape the baneful influence of the
Dog Star. He joins in Thracein the orgiesof Dionysos,

and is instructed by him in viticulture and other arts. So much, indeed, is he identified with Dionysos, that the peopleof Syracuse place his statue in the temple of that
god. But he is, aboveall, the beneficent patron of agriculture, the protector of herds and flocks, the friend and guardian of the intrepid hunter. It is under this last aspect that I would draw attention
to an interestingvariety of attitude as presented a by

very rare coin-No. 8 of our plate-which, in common with the collections of Paris and Berlin, I am fortunate enough to possess. This type has been reproduced in Garrucci's work,14 and is described by him thus: " Tuomo assiso appoggiala fronte alia mano destra in atto di medi-
tare." I have already ventured to suggestthat Arisu PL CXrV., No. 14.

VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. B B
182
taeus, as he shared in the nature and offices of some other
gods, may also, In the minds of the people,have partaken in some measureof the character of Pan, in whosefunc-
tions asa god of the fieldsandwoodshe shared. In the

exerciseof thesefunctions one must, naturally, conceive of both as conditioned and affected by identical external influences,and, the sameconditions given, Aristaeus may be supposedto have often done what Pan did. From this point of view it is, then, perhaps hardly necessary to
assume that the two became in some measure fused.
Pan, in the burning heat of noontide, used to slumber in the shady recesses woodland glades, and Nature hushed of all her voices,not to anger the god by rousing him too soon. But would the popular imagination exempt the
other agrestic deity from the necessary effectof the,noondayheat? Surely,effectwashereinseparable from cause.
Accordingly I venture to interpret the attitude of our figure as that of an Aristaeus Nomios or Agreus, slum-
bering lightly, like kindred Pan, while the day was

hottest.
We now turn our attention to coin No. 9 (Paris collection). Here we see the figure turning round with a sudden movement, gesture and countenance expressing displeasure. The god has been disturbed by some incautious intruder, on whom his anger is about to vent
itself.
The attitudes of other figures call for no special remarks.
I proceed considerthe objects accessory and to to, directlyconnected with, the figure.
The most conspicuous theseis the staff. Four varieof
ties of it may be distinguished. It is either perfectly plain and straight,or sometimes endingin a crook. In
TYPE KNOWN "THE DEAIOS," COINS RHEGIUM. AS ON OP 183 other cases resembles staff cut from a bough or branch, it a
of irregular shape, and in one instanceit seems be a to buddingstaff. Thefirst, from its plainness, needsno comment. The second(Nos. 1, 2, and 3) is the pedum,the shepherd's crook,carried by Aristaeusin his characteras No/ztor. I look on the third, of irregular shape (Nos. 5,9, and 14),
as a branch cut from the olive-tree, the culture of which
wasthe peculiarglory of Aristaeusin Sicily. Rhegium, we know,wasalwaysboundto Sicily by strongerinterests than to Italy. This badgeof honourseems develop to on coin No. 16 into a young tree with budding shoots. Theseshoots, thoughplain enough the castof the coin, on are so attenuatedthat they may not, I fear, be easily
discernible in the phototype.
I would here interpose remark on the wreathwhich a encloses type, and which hasalwaysbeendescribed the as
of laurel. It should not, however, be overlooked that the
leavesoften showa tendency bend and curve,which to canhardly be looked for in connection with the stiff and leatheryfoliage of the laurel (seeNos. 13, 15, and 17).
Now this irregularity mainly distinguishes the olivewreath from that of the laurel; otherwise there is hardly a difference in shape. Should it not, then, be rather
considered an olive-wreath ?
No coin seemsto be known on which the figure is unprovided with the staff, the attribute of Aristaeus as a
6eo? vofjuos. On a few specimens holdsa cup in his he

right hand, the staff being then carried in his left. On coin No. 4 this is shaped like the ordinary kantharos which is so often met with as an attribute of Bionysos.
On the other coin, No. 5, he holds the shallow bowl or
patera which chiefly served the purpose of libation,
184
though this did not excludeits use as a drinking-cup.

In connection with the former, the kantharos, we may
probablyrefer this, also,to Aristaeusin his quality asthe favouriteof Dionysos, taught of the god, andevensharing-as at Syracuse-in the honours of his temple. Had the patera been intended to suggest here, as in so many cases,a sacrifice to the deity in whose hand it appears, the sacrificial altar would more probably have been added. Thesetypes are extremely rare. No. 5 (Berlin) seems all
but unique,the second knownexampleat Naplesbeing in indifferent preservation. Of No. 4 only the specimen
of the cabinet at Naples and that of my own collection are
in tolerable condition. The third-in the collection of
the British Museum-is unfortunately poorstate. The in

type receives an additional interest from the adjunct which accompaniesthe lion's mask on the reverse (see
PL VIII.), for to the right of it there appears bareof the Messana diminutivesize running upwards. The type in
may thus indicate a-probably brief-renewal of former
political ties. Carelli has thrown doubtson this type. I would takethe occasion state that the specimens to in the British Museum and in my own collection of unare
questionable authenticity. Nor is there any reason to doubt the coin in the Naples cabinet, of which I have a
cast. Carellihaspartly distortedthe legend. In approaching the question whether the adjunct
symbols can be shown to have a direct bearing on, and are to be rationally connectedwith, the nature and functions of Aristaeus, I would, in the first place, recall to the reader Head's opinion, viz., that such birds and beastsas appear below or beside his seat indicate that the figure representsan agrestic deity. This is, at least under one
main aspect, core of the matter, though not of the the
TYPE KNOWN "THE DEMOS/' COINS RHEGIUM. AS ON OF 185
whole,sincetheseadjunctsarenot confinedto beasts and birds. My task must, then, be to establish,singly, a

connectionbetweenthese adjuncts and the various aspects
of the nature of Aristaeus.
I will begin with a drachm (7A, my collection),an interesting and, so far as I know, unique piece. On it
there is seen beneath the seat a star of seven rays. I would venture to recognise in it the Dog-Star, Sirius, which from its intimate connection with the story of the
god appears coinsof Carthaeaand Cythnus,either as on

a star or a dog encircled by rays. This is, I may remark
in passing,the only drachmof the series on which I

have been able to discover an.adjunct- It has another interesting peculiarity, as the head of the figure isevidently as a protection from the burning heat of the
dog-days-covered with the shepherd's of the ancient cap

and conventionalPhrygian type, like that of Paris, the ideal shepherd. I might conveniently remark here that the hair on the top of the figure's head often presents a rough and dishevelled appearance, such as would agree perfectly with the character of a rustic deity. Coins like Nos. 9 and 13 show this very clearly. The dog on coins No. 11 (British Museum) and No. 12 (Berlin) may be either the companionof Aristaeus the
shepherd, Aristaeusthe hunter, or of both. Possibly or it may beintendedfor Sirius. The postureof the resting dog, No. 12, turning round to look up at the figure, speaks favour of the first view. in
Coin No. 14 (Berlin) is a beautiful, and I believe
unique,variety. It brings beforeus the Dionysiacside in the natureof the god,for belowthe seatthereappear^ a panther cubat play with a boundingball.
186
Proceeding from beasts to birds, we notice on coin
No. 5 (Berlin) a crane-"the witnessfrom the regionsof

the air of all that happenson earth, and so the symbol of the all-seeing eye of the god of light," 15 who had bestowed on Aristaeus, his son, a full measureof his gifts. A reference to one of these, viz., prophecy,may be discovered in the adjunct of coin No. 4-the raven, as the bird of vaticination, sacredto Apollo. The water bird of coin No. 13 (Paris) is, perhaps,more commonly met with than other symbols. In this instanceI might be content with a general reference,asit is
doubtless, virtue of its quaint and characteristic by shape,

a particularly fitting adjunct to the figure of a god who
took the creaturesof the wilds under his specialprotection. But a direct reference to the functions of Aristaeus
may be established on the supposition that the bird
belongsto the numeroustribes of seafowl whichto the

inhabitants of a maritime city like Ehegium would be
much more familiar than the water-hen of lakes and
rivers. These birds, when approaching the shore in numbers, herald stormy weather-such gales and refresh-
ing showersas Aristaeuswas believedto sendfrom the

seasto the thirsting land. After beasts and birds we meet with the serpent, on coin No. 16 (Paris), as a fitting attribute to Aristaeus the healer, and son of Apollo. Only two more adjunct symbols remain to be mentioned : one is a fruit; the other apparently a bud or flower. The former, a vine-branch with grapes, occurs on No. 17 of our series (Paris), and it is needlessto 15 Lenormant, Grande La Qrece, 99, as quotedby Head. IL,
TYPE KKOWN "THE DEMOS," COINS RHEGIUM. AS OX OF 187
point it out as belongingto the Dionysiacclassof attributes. It is the only symbolnot placed under,or close
behind, the figure.
The interpretationof the other adjunct (No. 7, my collection)presents somedifficulty. A specimenof this variety was disposed at the Bunbury Sale,wherethe of cataloguedescribed symbol, erroneously, an.amthe as phora. Tet another example occurredin the Carfrae
Collection, and here the object was referred to as a
balaustion. Closeexamination shows that it hasa rough

and uneven surface. It seems to me that the smooth
petalsof pomegranate blossoms would hardly be rendered accurately being brokenup into rough surfaces, I by and would prefer to recognise the object either a fir-cone in
-the fir-tree being sacred to sylvan deities-or a half-
open blossom of the silphium, which, as mentioned above, the gift of Aristaeusto Gyrene. The smaller was buds especially this plant on someCyrenaic coins of appear to me not unlike the object with its broken
surface.
This terminates series coinswith adjuncts. For the of photographic reproductionI havechosen the bestspecimens I could obtain. Most varieties are, of course,
represented more collectionsthan thosementioned in in

connectionwith these examples.
The varietiesof the beardedand the beardless figure

still call for a remark. That Aristaeus is found beardless as well as bearded on coins of other cities is well
known. The beardlesstype on these Rhegine coins was, however,generally supposed occur only on the to latest pieces of the series. The comparativelyearly beardless figure of No. 10 (Berlin), with the legend
R EC IN OS, shows that this is not an invariable rule.
188
In quality of style and finish of work specimens differ widely. I have, as far as possible, arrangedthe coins in chronological order, taking accountof lettering and relative development style. But when the two apof pearedto disagree, have not hesitatedto go by the I characterof the legend only. Thus, the artistically
finest piece (No. 15) does not stand last, although the series is supposedto end about 415 B.C. The legend reads in this caseRECINO (retrograde); while Nos. 16
and 17 havePHFINO^ (retrograde). My remarkson the various symbols might have been expanded into greater length. But as I, in connecting them with the main type, simplyadopteda theory suggested an eminent by authority, my task from this point of view was to show briefly that this theory may be
consistently worked out.
In doing this I have, naturally, arrived at a more definiteconclusion. Head-to quotehis wordsoncemore -is " inclinedto look uponthe figure asa divinity of the natureof Agreusor Aristaeus, patronof rural life and the
pursuits." These words seemto admit of three interpretations, viz.: that the figure may be a divinity only similar to Agreus or Aristaeus, but neither of these. Or
it maybe Agreus. Or-should the reader prefer-Aristaeus. Whichever of these suppositions predominated
with the author, it was originated through, and governed by, the sound doctrine of the relation of the symbols to
the maintype, andby it the theorymuststandor fall. I

have preferred the supposition that the figure may be meant for Aristaeus, and hope to have shown that the
type falls in readily in its everydetail with the story and

the nature of that divinity.
la orderto complete circle of test ajid evidence, the I
TYPE KNOWNAS " THE DEMOS,"ON COINS RHEGIUM. 189 OF
will inquire if the same result may be obtained on the other suppositions. Agreus is, as far as I am aware, a nomen epitheton to either Pan or Aristaeus, and since the former certainly
does enterinto the scope this inquiry, only the one not of remainingsupposition-viz.: that the figure benot meant
for Aristaeus, but for some other pastoral divinity not known-has to be tested by placing the symbols into "some sort of intimate relation to the main type." But how would symbols like the panther cub or the serpent fall in with attribution to a deity of a purely pastoral
character Instead of the strength and unity of argu?

ment being maintained and improved, the very foundation would be shaken and destroyed. It follows, then, that my contention on behalf of Aristaeus must either be wholly accepted,or wholly rejected.
If the latter course is taken, it carries with it the con-
demnation of Head's principle, and the type, then, may still go by its picturesque name of "the Demos of Rhegium."
E. J. SELTMAN.
VOL.
XVII.
THIRD
SERIES.
CO
XII.
MONNAIES GRECQUES, IN^DITES ET INCERTAINES.

(Suite.1) (Voir PL IX.)
XXXYI.-SAKDES. AVANT 133.
1. Tete imberbefrJIercule coiffeede la depouilledn lion, S,

droite; grenetis au pourtour. Eev.-AAEZANAPOY, Zeus aetophoreassis,a gauche, sur un trone & dossier et s'appuyant de la main gauche sur son sceptre ; dans le champ, a g.,
tete de deesse voilee et surmontee de deux tours, a
g.; sousle trone 1$. M 9. 16,54, Brit. Mus., provenant d'Hamadanen Perse. Bunbury, Num. Chron. 1883, p. 5, PL
I, 4 (Smyrne ?)
Ces deux pieces sont du meme coin, au droit
comme au revers.
16,98. Ma coll. Yariete de coin. 2. & 4. 4,20. Brit. Mus.; Mueller, Num. tfAlexandre, p. 319,
n. 1518. (Egypte.)
3. Meme droit que n. 1, mais d'un autre coin. Rev.-ZAPA1ANI1N, Zeus barbu et laure",debout a gauche, vetu d'une longue robe et d*un ample manteauet tenant sur la main droite une colombe, a g., et de la gauchele sceptre. Dans le champ, , g., monogramme. -31 9. 15,32. Coll. de Luynes, Imhoof, Monn. Grrecq. p, 388, n. 27, PL G, 23.
I Yoir Num.Chron. S., Yol. XY, p, 169. 3rd
MOXNAIES GRECQTJES, INEDITES ET INCERTAOES. 191 4. Tete de deesse, lauree, voilee et tourelee, a droite; grenetis. Rev.-ZAPAIANflN, m&ne type ; dans le champ, a g., monogrammes, grenetis. M 5. 10,60; 8,65. Imhoof, Zur Muenzk. Kleinasiens,
Revue Suisse de Numism., VI,
1896, p. 93, 1, PI. V, 18. Mus. Hunter, p. 260, n. 3, T. 47, 14. Mionnet, IV. p. 115, 116, n. 634-637. Les tetes d'Hercule des tetradrachmes, n. 1 et 3, sont
d'un style tres particulier et doiventetre Pceuvre d'un

meme artiste; les exemplaires, quoique de coins differents, sont du reste tellement pareils, qu'ils ne peuvent
provenirque d'un me" atelier; d'apr^s la legendedu me

n. 3 c'est celui de Sardes.
Cette attribution est confirmee par la t6te voile"e et
tourelee seyoit dansle cliamp des n. 1 et 2 et qui qui parait comme type au droit desbronzesde Sardes, 4, n.
ou le revers est identique & celui des tetradrachmes. C'est ce qui a echappe M. Bunbury, quand il s'est demand^ si son tetradraclime d'Alexandre n'aurait pas ete frappe a Smyrne. L. Mueller, d'autre part, n'aurait pas class^la drachme d TEgypte, s'il n'avait pas pris les deux tours pour des plumes. La date de ces Emissions se laisse preciser avec tine assezgrande probabilite, quand on se souvient que Sardes
faisait partie,depuis189,du royaumede Pergame. B'apresle style,le profil de la tfeteet le traitementdes

caeveux et de la criniere du lion, la te*te d'Hercule
ressemble le plus ^. la t6te de Pbiletere, telle qu'elle
seYoit sur les dernierstetradrachmes,2 frappes& ce qu'il

Imhoof-Blumer, Die Muenzender Dynastit von Pergamon,1884 ma coll. (stylis).
2 Cat.Brit. Mus., Mysia,PL XXV, 1 (torchedans champ); le
(Abhandl. Akad.d. Wissensch. K. Berlin) Taf.n. 23, 24(torche);
192
parait sila fin du regned'Attale II, 158-138, mais elle semble encore peuplus recente. tin Elle est,entout cas, posterieure celledest^tradrachmes a d'Alexandre, emis a Pergame sous le mmre regne, autant quails sont connus.3 Je voudrais me done dater les rares emissions Sardes,du rgne d'Attale HI, de 138-133, le dernierroi de Pergame, auquel M. Imhoof
n'a pasattribue de tetradraehmes& la tte de Pbiletere.
C'estce qui expliqueraitcommentSardes, jusque qui 1stn'avait mis que des cistophores,4 serait venu en battre destetradracnmes, d'abord aux typesd'Alexandre maismarques symbolede la yille, puis i son propre du type,pour subvenir manque monnaies au de royalesde ce
poids.
Quand le royaumede Pergamefut deyenuprovince romaine, Sardes 133, frappaencore parfoisdes cistophores,5
mais bient6t le nom de la ville ne se lit plus que BUT le bronze, a Texception d'un rare cistophore emis sous 1'empereurHadrien.6
Parmi les tetradracnmes, types d'Alexandre, aux des villes d'Asie mineure,je n'en trouve qu'un, de Priene (Mueller,Alemndre, 1031yari^), dontla t&ted'Hercule n.
ressemble assez celle des tetradrachmes de Sardes pour a qu'on pourrait le croire grave par le m^meartiste.
II y en a, parcontre, beaucoup dont la tte d'Hercule

3 Ma coll. (stylis), Mueller,Alex.n. 1257;Imhoof,I c.p. 17.
4 Finder, Ueler die Girtoptioren,1856, p. 563, 564, n. 128134, T. I, 10; Bunbury, Num. Chron. 1883, p. 388, PL X, 5; Cat. Bunbury, IL n 291, 292, 295; Wroth, Num. Chron. 1895, p. 100, PL Y. 14. 5 Cat. Bunbury, II. n. 292-294, an. 6 et 22 = 128 et 110
av. J.-C,
6 Pindar, p. 595, n. 76,77, p. 629, T. VIII, 3, 4.
MONNAIES GBECQUES, INCITES ET INCERTA1NES. 193

est tout a fait semblable at celle des tetradrachmes
d'Alexandre misa Pergamesous regned'EumeneII, le 197-159} auxsymboles la palme,Tabeille,la feuille de

de lierre.7
Oe sont,autant que je les connais, ceux de Myrina,

Mueller, n. 936; Cymt, n. 944, 946, Num. Chron. 1883, PL II, 1, AIONYZIOZ, n. 949, AlOfENHZ ; Temnos,
n. 956, 957, 963 varie*; Mytittne, n. 975 yarie, 976; Erythres,n. 1002; 1004; Pritnt, n. 1030 vari^ ; Jfife/,
n. 1039, 1055, 1056 ; Chios,n. 1085.
Tous ces t^tradrachmes datent done d'entre 189 et 158
environ.
Sur presque les nomsde magistratssont ecrits en tous

monogramme.
Ce n'est qu'a Cymequ'apparaissent, d la fin, des tout

noms Merits en toutes lettres, AIONYZIOZ, AIOPEN HZ.
Ce dernier nom se retrouve sur les t^tradraclimes que
Cymefit battrea sespropres typeset doit, par consequent,

etre place*en tete de cette nouvelle s^rie. Aussi voudrais-je la ranger dans un ordre inyerse a
celui que M. Wroth a adopte dans le cataloguedu

British Museum-
La coiffure de TAmazoneCyme*, simple d'abord, tres PL XXI, 9, devient de plus en plus maniere"e, surtout
sur le n. 5.
II en est de m6me des tetradrachmes Myrina, de

PL XXVII.
Le n. 6 est le plus beau de style; les lettres sont mieux formeeset ant&rieuresa celles du n. 1 et surtout du n. 2,
ou le traitement des cheveuxd'Apollon et le style du

revers accusent une date plus rcente. 7 Imhoof, I c. p. 16, 17.
194
XXXYILI.
SIDE.
PBEMIERE MOITIE DU 4^ SINGLE.
1. Athena arcJiegetis debout, & gauche, la jambe gancherepliee en arnere, munie de Fegide et eoiffee du casque athenien a cimier, portant sur la main droite la chouette, les ailes eployees, g , et appuyant la & main gauchesur son bouclier, dont 1'interieur est visible. Grenetis au pourtour. Rev.- Apollon pyihios, les cheveux courts,la chlamyde sur les epaules, debout, a gauche, devant un autel
allume, tenant de la main droite un rameau de
laurier et de la gaucheTare ; derriere lui corbeau, a g. , autour "V\ w $ WV juy >>. Carre creux.
& 6/4. 10,72. Brit. Mus., Cat.Lycia, <c., XXVI, 4 ; PL

Gardner, Types, PL X, 6, 7; Weil,
Olymp. Mucellen (Festgabe an E. Curtius),T. n. 4.

Grenade,0-^17, dansle champ, devant Athena, sur toutes les
monnaies suivantes.
2. JR 5. 10,50. Coll. de Luynes, CJwix,PL XI, 3 ; Satrapies, p. 23, 7, PL III, 7,
-315/4. 10,45. Coll. Imhoof.

3. Autre, autel sans feu. Derriere Apollon, 1V% VlMliJ}*. M 5. 10,70. Coll. de Luynes, Satrap, p. 22, 1, PL HI,
Ibis.
10,68. Cab.deMunich. [PI. IX, No. 1.]

10,55. Cab. deFrance ; Mion. HE, p. 472, n. 143, Suppl. VII, PL IV, 1.
10,25. Ma coll. 4 ; Satr. PL HI, 1.
10,19. Cab. de France ; Mion. n. 141, S. PL HI,
4. Autre, Athenaportesur la main droite une Victoire qui la

couronne; autel sans feu; devant Apollon ^, derriere$ v XV-^ y ; champ creux. M /& 10,15. Ma coll. ; comp. Catal. Behr., n. 864. [PI. IX, JTo. 2.1
MONXAIES GRECQTJES, INEDITES INCERTAINES. ET 195

Haste derriere Athena, dont la jambe gauche est bien moins
courbee, sur toutes les monnaies suivantes.
5. Autre, Athena pose le pied droit snr la tige de la grenade, porte snr la main droite la chouette, aux aales closes,a g., et tient la main gauche a cote du bouclier vu a Vexteneur; autel sansfeu ; derriere Apollon H) vNjÂ^Ki carre creux.
M 6/4. IQ',61 10,44. Brit. Mus., Cat.Lycia, <&c., ; PL

du meme coin.
XXVI, 5 ; deux exemplaires
6. Autre, autel allume , derriere Apollon, les cheveux longs, JR 6. 10,50. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lyda, <&c.,PL XXYI, 6. Legende emportee.
10,45. Coll. Weber,surfrappee. [PI. IX, No. 3.]

^5. _. Cab. de Trance, Sdtrap. p. 22, 2, PL III, 2 ; legendeincomplete.
7. Autre, autel sansfeu; derrikre Apollon 12 Si 5%devant

vny>*.
Cab. de France, Mion. n. 144, S., PL IV, 2 ; Satr. p. 22, 4, PL III, 4. JR 7/6. 10,49. Cab. de France, Pellerin, Rec. Ill, PL 122, 5; Mion. n. 142, 8.9 PL HI, 5; Satr. p. 22, 3, PL III, 3; Gall. MythoL, p. 112, PL XXIII, 5. Tous deux surfrappes sur des stateres d'Aspendos. 8. Autre, Athena pose la main gauche sur son bouclier, orne du gorgoneion, derriere elle des traits, qui ont 6te " pris pour des caracterescuneiformes. Autel, sans feu. Derriere Apollon |*J . m^Y/iyp; champ
creux.
M 5i- 10,59.
M 5J. 10,80. Universite de Turin. Satr., p. 101, 2, PL VII, 9.
1R6/4. 10,40. Cab.deMunich. Sans traits cuneiformes*

9. Autre, la chouette tournee & droite ; bouclier sans ornements ; casque a triple cimier ; autel sansfeu. Devant Apollon le 16gende du n, 6. Carre
creux.
M 6/5. 10,50. Coll. Imhoof. Overbeck, Griech.Kunstmythol Apollon, p. 301. Mxtaf. Ill, 52. [PL IX, No. 4]
196
II. MILIEU DTJ 4E SIECLE.
10. Athena parthenos,debout a gauche, sans egide,coiffee du casque athenien a triple cimier, portant de la main droite la Victoire qui la couronne et tenant de la gauche son bouclier orne du gorgoneion; derriere elle haste, devant grenade avec tige. Grenetisau pourtour. Bev.-Apollon, les cheveux longs, la chlamyde sur les epaiiles, debout a gauche, tenant de la main droite une patere au-dessus d'un autel sansfeu et s'appuyantde la gauche sur un laurier; derriere laicorbeau a g., et jy5*$v.ny/f.
M 6/5, 10,72. Brit. Mus., Cat.Lyda, 4o.9 XXYI, 7; PL

Pembroke, II, T. 88, Catal n. 1014. M 5. 10,70. Cab. de France ; Pellerin, Bee. HE, PL 122, 6; Mion. n. 145, ., PL IV, 8; Satr. p. 22, 5, PL IH, 5.
Bronze d6fonrre. Cab. de Brunswick.
Toustroiscontremarques bceuf,& g., dessus d'un Ifl.

11. Autre, patere sousla main d'Athena.
M 6/5. 10,52. ColL Imhoof. [PL IX, No. 5,]

12. Autre, derriere Athena "? autel allume* ; M. 5. 10,38. Blau, Zdtschr. d. D. Morg&nl. Geselkch. IX, 1855, T. n. 10. ]R 6. 9,86. Brit. Mns., Cat. Lycia, 4c., PL XXVI, 11. CataL Hambwger, Francf. Oct. 1890, n. 807.
PL n, n. 807.
HI. Sous ALEXANDRE LE GRAND.
13. Memestatue de 1'Athenaparthenos de Phidias, mais posee surune base; derriere elle $+\,; grenetis.
MOXXAIES GRECQL'E^ IXEDITES INCERTAIXES. ET 197

Rei. - Apollon devant un antel allume, mais vetu d'une tunique et d'un manteau et sans carquois ;
dernere lui corbeau et
JR. 6/5. 10/20.
Mus. de Naples, CataL*. 8524; Satr.
p. 101,1, PL VII, 5. [PL IX, No. 6.]
14. Autre, $+\ ; Apollon porte le carquois an dos ; sans

corbeau.
M 5, 10,54. Mus. de Vienne ; Overbeek, I, c. Mztaf.
Ill, 54. [PL IX, No. 7.]

M 5. 10,49. Blau, L c. n. 11.
15. Autre pareil; derriere Athena ?t|.
M 5. 10,41. Ma coll. [PL IX, No. 8.]

10,40. Mus. de Berlin, K. Huenzk. 1877, n. 825 ; Zeitschr. f. Numism., X, 1883, T. I, 4 ; XIV, 1886, p. 142 viyn.
IV. FIN DU 4E SIECLE.
16. Mme type. Rev. Âpollon des n. 10- 12, mais les cheveux courts ; -
derrierelui corbeauet ,y?55V [.ayju], sousla
main ^. JR 4J. 10,40. Coll. de Luynes, Satr. p. 23, 6, PL III, 6. 17. Autre, legendedes n. 13- 15 ; devant Apollon y+io. JR 5. 10,79. Anc. coll. Wigan.
10,77. Cat. Borrell, 1852, n. 311.
18. Autre, Apollon & cneveux longs ; sans corbeau; memes lettres dansle champ.
M 5. 10,62. 19. Autre, Blau, n. 9.
M 5. 10,71. CoU.Imhoof ; Overbeck,/. c. Mztaf., Ill, 53. 20. Autre, ^ y, deux varietes ; corbeau. JB,5. 10,71. Catal Subhipacha, n. 264. 10,65. Mus. de Berlin ; Cat. Borrell, 1852, n. 310 ; Blau, n. 7 ; K. Mzk, 1877, n. 824.
VOL.XVII. THIRD SERIES.
*I>D
198
10,65. 10,56. 10,54. 10,40.
Mus. de Berlin ; Blau, n. 8. Brit. Mus. Cat. Lycia, dc , PL XXVI., 9. Cat Whittall, 1858, n. 563. Ma coll. ; Cat. Ivanoff, n. 466.
Les droits des n. 17 a 20 sont du meme com, qui s'use de plus en plus. 21. Antre, **Z derriere Athena ; sans corbeau.
JR 6/5. 10,70. Blau, n, 4.

M 5. 10,50. Mus. de Berlin; Blau, n. 5. derriere Athena, *vO devant Apollon, Cor22. Autre, ^09
beau.
& 5. 10,71. Blau, n. 1.
23. "*iojou *jo9 derriere Athena. Sanscorbeau.

M 5. 10,68. Blau, n. 2. 10,66. Cat. Montagu, I, n. 639, PL IX.; Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, <t*c., XXYL, 10. PL 10,65. Blau, n. 3. 10,65. Coll. Imhoof. 10,65. Cat. Whittall, 1858, n. 562. M 6J-.10,60. Cat. Bompois, n. 1613. 10,56. Cat. Ivanoff, n. 468. 10,53. Cat. Walcherde Molthein, n. 2634, PI. XXI.
Coll. Weber. [PL IX, No, 9.]
24. ^M , et dessous traces de "*iO<J derriere Athena. , M 5. 10,66. Brit. Mus., Cat. Lycia, dc., PI. XXVL, 8; comp. Cat. Borrell, 1852, n. 312. 10,66. Leake, Suppl p. 89. 10,62. Mus. de Naples. 10,59. Blau, n. 6. 10,56. Cat. Bunbury, H, n. 351, PI. HI, 351. lettres settlesont e*te change es.
Les droits desn. 22 a 24 sont da m^mecoin,sur lequelles
Quelques varietesnouvelles, comme n. 4, 5 et 11, les exceptees, cesstatures tous sontconnus depuis longtemps?
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES ET JXCERTAISES. 199
surtout par les publications du Due de Luynes8 du et Dr. 0. Blau,9qui en ont fait le snjet d'etudes spe*ciales. Le Due de Lnynes fit surtont ressortir la grande
ressemblance lettres de ces legendes avec celles des des
inscriptions palmyreennes et proposa de transerire tTDit&yiS,Tsernesou Sidiz, la legendela plus freqnente,

n. 3, 5, 6, 8, 9-15, 17-24, iy3**vAy/j, en considerant la 6e et la 7e lettre comme un seul D, et de lire tW)2-ODai2j Syennesis-Tsernes(oit) . D31S, et Syennes(is),
les legendes n. 7, Ine & rebonrs,et 16, incomplete. des Blan a refute cotte interpretation, qui assignaita plus
d'un caracterenne valenr pen probable et qni pourtant ne condnisait pas inn resultat satisfaisant. Car Dern^s fut Satrape de Phe*nicie et d'Arabie,10 Syennesis roi de Oilicie; ce ne sont done pas leurs noms qn'il faut chercher sur des monnaiespamphyleennes. Mais la transscription de Elan, nD3 ou ^D^3 inDH et
^3 imn, modifiee plus tard en T2D^3 *ibnn, Tabachott

ou Tabalou Nisibiz et Ninia, est encore moins admissible,
comme d^montr^ W. H. Waddington.11 Ta

Cesstateresne penvent porter le nom d'un satrape ou
dynaste Nisibis ou de Ninive, parceqn'ils de sontmarques

d'une grenade, atEiy, type parlant de Sid et que par consequent ils ont eertainement et frappes dans cette de Pamptylie.
La grenade suffisait si bien a designer lien d'emission, le

8 Essai sur la mtmisniatique des Satrapies et de la Phenicie,
1846.
9 Zeit&chrift der deutschen Morge^laendisclien GeselUchaft, YT.

1852, IX, 1855.
10Xenophon,Analase, VII, 8, 25.
11 Reiuenumismatique, 1861, p. 18*
200
que le nom des SIdetesne parait ni sur les monnaies

archaiquesdu 5esiecle,ni meme sur les tetradrachmes du
second siecle av. J.-C.12
II n?y a done aucuneraison de chercher le nom d'une
ville dansleslegendes restees inexpliquees jusqu'ici.

Encore moins contiennent-elles le nom d'un dynaste. La serie est trop longue et les pieces les plus anciennes different trop de date avec les emissionsles plus reeentes pour pouvoir etre attributes a un seul et memeregne.
Hesterhypothese ingenieuse Friedlaender tres de qui,

en publiant un bronze de Tepoque imperiale sur lequel
le m6me type d'Apollon est accompagne son nom de

AnOAAHNOC CIAHTOY NEOKOPOY-au lieu
de la legende d'autresbronzesau mgme type CIAHTUN
NEOKOPUN13-s'est demande nousn'aurionspasla si

la transcription en lettres grecques, ou du moins 1'e-
quivalentde la legendepamphyleenne est toujours qui

ecrite a cote d'Apollon et jamais pres d'Athena.
Cettesupposition serait confirmee les monnaies par de

Perga, ville voisine de Bide, sur lesquelles le nom de la ville est remplace par celui de la divinite principale, Artemis Pergaia, sur 1'argent et par son titre, Anassa
Pergaia,sur le bronze.14
Mais, pour savoir si elle est juste, il faudra d'abord tacher de dechiffrer les legendes,composees, comme Ta
encore Priedlaender,15 caracteres vu de semitiquesentrem61es lettres de forme grecque. de
En ecartantprovisoirement I final, sur lequel je le

11Friedlaender, ZeiUthr. /. Xuitrism,, X, 1883, p. 3. 13Ibid. p. 3, 4, T. I, 2-4. 14Zettschr.f. Numisw*, IV. 1877, p. 300, T. VIII, 5; X, 1S8S,p. 3. " Ibid. IV, 1877, p. 302, n. 1.
MONNATES GRECQUES, INED1TESET INCEKTAINLS, 201
reviendrai tantot, les deux dernieres letters y "*"donnent,
comme1'a reconnule Due de Luynes, les consonnes du Bomde Side,TO, S(05(>7)16

Mais tous mes efforts pour retrouver dans les six
premieres lettres 5 vn.y fr une forme du nom d'Apollon telle qu' "A7r\oiwo9, par exemple,ont echoue devant le fait que la seconde lettre est identique a Tavant-derniere,
et que celle-ci doit tre un d. C'est ce qui m'a conduit a supposer que la legende est
tout-a-fait parallele & celle desbronzes Perga et que de le sensen doit tre; S.VCLKTOS SJC/JTOU, comme Perga a elle est avd<raas TIepyaLas.
Seulement, comme les caracteres ne repondent pas a (LvdKTos, faudra cliercher un autre mot, de meme il valeur, dont la seconde lettre est un d, peut-etre s^mitique, comme p. seigneur^ phenicien, ce qui n'aurait pas en lieu de surprendre dans une ville, ou Talphabet est arameen,complete,a ce qu'il semble,de voyelles grecques. Or, si on se souvient que le fragment de la theogonie
cilicienne, conserve par Etienne de Byzance,17 nomme Adanos(ps)18en tete des fils d'Ouranoset de Ge, on
ne s'etonnera pas de trouver a Side le mfeme titre,
seigneur, quoiquesous forme un peu differenteet plus une conforme a Thebreu pi^l, donn^ & Apollon, le dieu
16 Yoir les lettresarameennes papyrusegyptiens temps des au
des Perses,dans Levy, Zeitschr. d. D. Morgenl. Gesellsch. XXI,

Tableau.
17
1867,T. HI; Eutmg, TabulaScripturaearawaicae. Argentorctti^ 1890; Berger, Hist. d# Vecntwed. Vantiq., 1891, p. 300, v. "ASai/a, 8eovASavos featQvpavov !<rri Tij<s Trat?, K-T.A. 18 Adanos par opposition & Adonis on pent comparer A
Idmbal) comme le nom propre "b5?n21Mest rendu an latin
dans1'inseription bilingue de Sulci en Sardaigne,Corp.Imcr*.

Spirit. I, n. 149.
202
principal de la ville, d'autant moins que le culte d'Adonis
sous nomsemitique le 'A/3<ij3a9, attestepourPerga.19 est

La premiere lettre N est identique, sur les n. 5-7, 10-24, a Taleph du nom d'Alexandre, HM^VUtt, sur la
droite d'un didrachme d'Hierapolisde Syrie;20 c'est done

un a. La forme est un peu variee sur les n. 1-4, 8, 9. La secondelettre y est un d arameen,comme il a ete dit plus taut. La troisieme et la quatrieme lettre, liees ensemblesur
le n. 3, ^r\., sont les voyellesgrecques, et Y> qui f}

manquaient a 1'alpaabet arameen. La cinquieme lettre et la septiemesur les n. 1, 2, 4, 7, est un ny grec retrograde sur les n. 1, 2, un nun arameen,\, sur les monnaies
suivantes.
De mSme, sixieme la lettre est un jota grec de forme

encore archaique, $, sur les n. 1, 2, un jod, arameen,n.,
sur les numeros suivants.
La dernierelettre I n'est pas t comme en Cilicie,

mais ri3 valeur avec laquelle elle se voit d la fin des mots sur les monnaiesde Pers^polis du 2e siecle.21 N"ous obtenons ainsipour leslegendesdesn. 1,
2(/S^Tou), 4, "ASwvviv, 7, "ABwui/ii n. n.
n. 3, 5y 8-24, "Agwui/z 6, S()S(>;)T(OI;). genitifsen Ces

iv et i sontconnus lesinscriptionsd'lsinda dePisidie,22 par
19Hesyche, Etymol. magn.: 'Aô)/3as, o "AScovig wro Lewy, Semitische Fremduoerter im Qriech.^ p. 224, Boissier, Proc. Soc.BibL Aich. XVHI, 1896, p. 238. 20Numism, Chron., 1878, p. 129, PI. VI, 1. Au revers le nom.d'Alexandre est ecrit avec un aleph de forme plus aneienne. 31Levy, Zeitschr. d. D. Motgenl. Gwlkch. XXI, 1867, T. I, n. 2, 3, 8, 9a, 10, dans HTQ et nTiani, comme le demontrera bientot M. Marquardt. 22Journ. Hell Stud., XV, 1895, p. 125.
MOXXA1ES GRECQUES, IKLDITES ET 1NCEKTAIXES.203
"Ocraei,et de Dalisandosd'Isaurie,23 . T<X? Ilu
Tvpavvi, 28, Tvpavi?Tpofcovbi, 30, "Ep/zo/fptm;? n. n. TpoKOvbet, M. Avp. Ouaj3a/3<n9 n. 33, Tpotcovbiv,31,et n. parle AZAPI des bronzes cappadociens d'Ariaramnes.24 Je suppose mme ce genitif en in secache que sous
la desinence3E># des formes lyciennes telles que
inscr. de Myra 6; AOSNX3ETPf+ et
, (Avaavfyovet Kiv%apvpov?),wsci\ ? de
Limyra, 6; TPXMES5, Stele de Xanthos,Est, L 29;
tnscr. de Pinara, 2; ê Ths, inedite; EI^NESl^, Est, L 27 ; etc.25 StMe,
I/orthographe wv parait abnormalea premiere vue,

mais cette addition d'un v apres M,en apparencesuperflue, rentre tout d fait dans les habitudes de ces parages. Les
quelques inscriptions d'Aspendos,26 yoisine Side, yille de

fournissent plus d'un exemple analogue. Nous y rencontrons nominatif, ALFtZcapov^ 68, au n. pour AfoSa)joo<r; lieu de Mayiyr, Mav^To?nous lisons au
Maj/^9,82, 86, Mai/enrc, 71, et Maw'-rous, 83, et de
meme, (M)eXaTous', MaX/roi;?,65a,ZcaFetrovs, 87, 84, He. pro*;?, FeKtlrovs, 87, 89.
Enfin la combinaison est donneepar AafjL(a)rpLwv wv a cote de (<f>)opfa<rtov la m6meinscription,87, et de dans Aa/zaT/3/ou, 86.
23IrZ. Suppl Papers,I, 1892, p. 29-31 ; Eretsclimer, Einleit. Gesch,Gruch. Sprache, 1896 237, 363. Hois de Syrie^p. cxcviii: - cc. 25Schmidt, The Lycian inscriptions, 1868; Imbert, Mem^ Soc. Ling, deParis, T. IX, p. 2, 3.
34 Marquart,Philologus, LIV, 1895,p. 522 ; comp.Babelon,
26Lanekoronski, Staedte Pamphyliens Pisidiens, 1890, und I, p. 180 182; Kretschmer,Zevtschr. vergleich. /. Sprachf.von Kuhn u. Schmidt, XXXIII, 1893,p. 258-268, p. 264 ; Der im
Pamphylischen bewahrte w-laut alte wird theilsv, teils ov gesehneben, letzteres in (A)iFovov<rtov, (K)v$pafiovav, cf. 82, 69, s, 985. M<ny>/AaKw, 84, gehoertzu ftvpâ|, u. s. w.
204
II parait qu'a 1'origine un v seul suffisait pour rendre o et ov et que plus tard on remplaca y par ou-comp.
AJOI/QIK, (A)iFovovvtov, 81, 82,-jusqu'a cequ'on en vint

d eerire wv, ou un a seul aurait suffi, du moins en grec.
Gependant, malgre tous ces arguments alleguesen

faveur de interpretation proposee, ne me dissimule pas je qu'elle est loin d'etre certaine. Mais elle m'a paru probable et c'est ce qui m'engage a la publier, ne fut-ce que pour rappeler a Tattention des numismatistesceslegendes curieuses,resteesinexpliquees jusqu'ici, et dans Tespoir que, si je n'aurais pas reussi,
d'autres trouveront mieux.
Tandis que la legende reste environ la meme,les types changent a mesureque le carre creux disparait. A rAthe*na qui porte la chouette et que cet oiseau
caract^risecommeFAthena arcliegetis,27 nous est qui connuepariesreliefsAtheniens,28 que nous sachions sans
encore & quel statuaire Athenieu du 5e siecle il faille attribuer la statue qui a servi de modele, suecedela
Parthenos de Phidias.
Apollon Pythien, aussi, toujours debout devant un
autel,a change rameau laurier et Tare,29 le de contre une

patere et une longue tige ou un arbre. C'est une autre
statuedu dieu deDelphes a inspire le graveur.30 qui

Sur les n. 13-15 il est vetu d'une tunique et d'un
37SehoL Anstoph. Aves,515, T^s Se

x^v V -TQX1P*'
28Schoene, Gnechische Rehefs, 46, T. XX, 87, 89. p. 29"Weil,OlympisckeMiseellen; (Festgabean Curtius),1884, E. p. 4, 6, qui compare 1'Apollon stateres des frappes Themispar tocle a Magnesia, Luynes, Cbaix, T. IX, 7; Revuemonism.,
1856, T. Id, 2.
30Pauly-Wissowa, Real-encycL p. 91, v. Apollon. II,
MONNAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES INCERTAINES* ET 205 manteau, costumetellement insolite, a cette epoque,pour
1'Apollon grec,que je mesuisdemande autrefois,31 sisurtout sur le, n. 13, ou il ne porte pas de carquois-ce
ne serait pas Alexandre le Grand, representecomme Seigneur Side,lors de son passage 333, et de la de en garnisonqu'il laissadans la ville.32 Les stateresconviennenta cetteepoque, commele prouve,outrele style,
la forme des lettres et surtout celle de Faleph, ainsi qu'il a e*teremarqueplus haut. De meme, sur les bronzes de Tepoqueimperiale, publics
par Friedlaender,33 personnagesimilaire n'est pas le

Apollonlui-mme,mais,malgre lalegende APIOAAflNOC CIAHTOY, le ce*sarou 1'empereur regnant, identifie
avecApollon,maisreconnaissablesoncostume el militaire.
Les lettres, dans le champ des stateres n. 12-24,
appartiennent memealphabetarameenque cellesdes au le*gendes semblent et tre les initiales de nomsde magistrats eponymesou d'officiers monetaires.
Oesont y (1,5), 1^ (n,e),* (n,^), ^ (to,9r), (X^ a

"H (a/*), 0,0 (^,o), 9 (p,9). II paralt queles Sid^tes adopteTalphabetarameen ont tel qu'il etait en usagechezles Perses, pour autant qu'il pouvait servir &e'crireleur dialectegrec et qu'ils se sont
31Zeitsehr.f. Numism. XIY, 1886, p. 143.
32 Arrien, Anal. \ 26,4. 'AXtfai/apos htl Si% fjw " etcriSc SE

ol StBj/ratKu/xa7ot KLufiTje AloX/ôs" featO^TOI IK TT^S keyovorw virsp <T<f>(t)V-ort Karfipavre cs TTJV liccty^v ol -jrpa)Tot KTJ/AIJ^ a>s yr^v e/c Kal eirl otKr/x<3 efeftrja-oafy avrt/car-qv pev *EXXaSa IfcXaôv, cv-^vsoeftapftapov <f>o>vv]v Kai oi/cJe teo-av, rSv
fiapftapoyv, lotav(T^KOV -Trpotr-êK TTJV aAAa OVTTO) o^crav

rotXc7ray<f>povpav 2ffij7 Trpo^TJct SuXXtov. Sc v CTTI
33Zeitschr.f. Num.X. 1883, T. I, 2, 3; Mion. in, p. 477 n. 184,187,214, 235; SuppLVIII, p. 66 suiv., n. 191,
193,223, 227, 242, 244.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. E E
206
bornsa le completer les voyelles et fl> empmntfes par Y

aux Grecs.
Pour en juger avec certitude et reconstruire 1'alphabet en entier, il faudra attendre que nous soyonsen possession descriptions archaiquestrouvees siSide mme. Jusque
la, nousauronsa nous contenter d'hypotheses plus ou

moins probables.
XXXVIIL-GOLGOI.
6e et 5e Siecle.
1. Hermes marehant & droite, muni d'ailes aux epaules et d'ailerons aux talons, le bras gauche etendu; le bras droit emporte tenait peut-etre le caducee.
Rev.-Bceuf deboutIL droite; au dessus (Go); carre A

creux borde d'un grenetis,
M 5/3.11,60.Macoll.; If urn.ckron. p;121, 1888, PL

Y, 11, ou la figure ailee a ete prise, a tort, pour une deesse.3* 2. Hercule raarchant, a grands pas, a droite, a travers une foret, indiqueepar deux pins garnis de branches et de feuilles; 0 tient de la main gauche etendue Tare visible en partie; la main droite levee, qui n'a pas trouve place, brandissait la massne. Jg^v.-Bwuf debout a droite; au-dessusgrand rameau de laurier; carre creux borde d'un grenetis.
^3f.
3,55. CoU.Imhoof. [PL IX, No. 10.]
Malgre la difference module les carrescreux du du

statere et de la drachmesont de meme grandeuret comme le style, fort arch.aique,est le mme, ces deux pieces
34L'absencedu signe de virilite n'est qu'une preuve d'archaisme; voir les figures du memestyle BUT reliefs en bronzy les MtttheiL Arch. Inst. Athen. XX, 1895, PL XIV,
MONNAIES GRECQUE8, INEDITES ET INCEKTAINES. 207
con poraines proviennent ^videmment d'un mfeme tern

atelier.
L'explicationdestypesde la drachme donnee le est par bas-relief,trouve a Golgoi (Athenian) de Chypre, qni decora based'une statuearchaique la d'Hercule.35On y
voit Hercule dans la mmeattitude que sur la drachme.
Apresavoir perced'uneflechele chienOrthrosa triple tete, il brandit la massuecontre le bouvier Eurytion, debont Tentree a d'une caverne, indiqueepar deuxlignes,
oii sont caches boeufs de Geryonee et tachant de les les
d^rober a la vue d'Hercule par le feuillage d'un pin

entier qu'il a arrache de terre et porte an bras gauche. La mme scene est indiquee sommairement sur la
drachmepar les arbresde la fort36et par le grand

rameau a larges feuilles qui couvre le bceuf du revers; ce bceufunique representetout le troupeau de Geryonee. Les types du stat&re,n. 1, ont trait aun mythe du mSme
genre, car si Hercule enleve le betail de Geryonee,

Hermes derobeles boeufsd'Apollon. Ce parallelisme engage a classer la meme ville le
statere du roi Salas,la seuleautre monnaieCypriote,
36Ceccaldi,RevueArch., 1872, XXIV, PI. 21; L. P. di Ces-
nola, Cypern, 1879,p. 112 suiv., T. XXIH, XXIV; Antiquities of Cyprus,Lond., 1873, fol. PI. 21, 24; Brunn-Bruckmann, Denkm.(rriech. u. Row. Sculpt,, n. 205, 207; Roscher, Lex.
MythoL II, Geryoneus,p. 1635 vign.
34Le nom de Geryoneeetait associea des arbres qui, a

1'origine, paraissent avoir et^ des pins-pinm laricio, Poir. et
pinus halepensis, Mill.; Philostrat, Vita Apoll. 5, 4, SevBpa Typvovcta-irapaXXdrrovramrvos KCLI IK re irevmjs cTSos ts Ircpov, cf. Pausan. 35, 8; Koch, BaeumeGriechenL, I, 1879,p. 2834 ; Ungerund Kotschy,Cypern,1865,p. 214; A. Berg, Die Insel Rhodus, 1862, donneI, p. 30, PL 8 une gravured'un groupede cespinsa Caniiros, p. 152 et p. 143. n,
208
NUMISMATIC CHROKICLE.
au type d'Herme^s, d'aufantplus que la draenme correspondante porteaussi type d'Herculecombattant. le

3. Hermesmarchant a gauche,la chlamyde sur les epaules,
la main droite etendue et tenant le cadueee de la
gauche; devant lui 3rV, j3a(o-tXeojs) SaXd;

grenetis.
Eev.-Tete barbue cornue& Amman, gauche, et a dansun

carre creux horde d'un grenetis. JR 7. 11,- ; 10,82. Rev. num., 1883, p. 303, n. 8; BabeIon, Perses Acliem., n. 785, PI. XXI, 20. Tons deux surfrappeset provenant du tresor d'Idalion.
4. HercuU combattant & droite.
Rev.-Meme revers; derriere la tete I. 2R 3. 3,30. Rev. num. 1867, p. 371, PL XI, 9 ; 1883, p. 304, n. 9.
En publiant le statere n. 1, j'ai remarque que le signe A, go ou co, designait une ville, Golgoi ou Corone, plutot qu'ua dynaste,et maintenant que nous voyons le mythe de Greryonee figure sur une drachme de cette Tille et
sur un bas-reliefprovenant fouillesde Golgoi,37 ne des il

me paralt pas douteux que la ville dont le nom commence
par A>go* en effet Golgoi,situe"e loin de Eition, soit non a laquelle elle aura emprunt^ le culte et le type
d'Hercule et tout prds d'Idalion, ou furent trouves les stateres,n. 3, et plusieurs des monnaies "suivantes,dont
j1 deja propose,en 1883, de classerquelques-unes ai &

Golgoi, a causedu A*
37 Dans les memes fouilles furent trouvees trois statues dn
triple Geryonee, Cesnola,Z.c. p. 128, PL XXXIY; Lex. MythoL v. Geryoneus,p. 1633 vign.
Boscher,
MONNA1ES GRECQUES, IÊDITESET INCERTAINES. 209 5. Tete delion, la gueulebeante,& droite. Tres archaise.
Rev.-Carre" creux primitif.
M 7/6. 10,10. Coll.deHirsch, Rev. Num.IQSS, 301. p.

6. Meme tte et du meme style.
Rev.-Tete de Meduse face,dessous ^C, a(<riAgcos) de ^

7 A ; carre creux.
M 6/5. 9,10. Brit. Mus.; Rev.Num.)1.c. n. 1; Babelon,

Pers. Achem., p. cxlix vign. 7. Meme tete, de style plus recent. fieVt-^Tete de Meduse,de style plus recent, dessous >K () ; carre creux.
JR7/5. 10,08. Mus. deBerlin, Eev.Num , n.

8. Meme tete, & gauche; autre style.
2.
Rev.-Tete de bauf, a droite; dessus^^,

&L cxlix tign. Tresor d'Idalion.
Pa(<n\t<o$)
; carre creux horde d'un grenetis.
MQ. 10,30. Brit. Mus.; Rev.num., n. 6; Babelon,p. 9. Autre,devant tete dehoeuf, ^fc, la ^ y8a(o-tXetu5)'E
2R 5J. 11,08. Brit. Mus.; Rev.num., n. 5. Tresor d'ldaHon.
10. Meme tete, autre style.
Rev.-Croix ansee entre deux arbres, rameaux; -ôu

$(C carre creux horde d'un grenetis. Travail ;
bar bare.
M 7/6. 11,21. Brit. Mus. " Rev.mm., n. 3. 11. Te"te lion, a gauche,derriereA, ro(Xyt)v). Beaustyle de
archaique.
Rev.-Croi& ansee un carre creux horded'un grenedans

tis j fleurons aux angles.
M 3. 3,55; 3,37. Rev.num., n. 4 ; Bahelon,n. 775, PI. XXI, 10; coll. Weber. [PL IX, Ho. 11.]
210
12. Lion guettant sa proie, a droite, Rev.-Severs pareil. M 5. 11,12; 10,80. Rev. num.,v. 10 ; Babelon, n. 776, PL XXI, 11. 13. Memetype, a 1'exergue ; grenetis. A Rev.-Bceuf cornupete, a gauche; dessus A; carre creux borde d'un grenetis. M 6. 10,84. Rev. num., n. 11; Babelon, n. 777, PJ. XXI, 12; 10,73 Brit. Mus.; 10,53 ma coll. Ici sont a placer, a ce qu'il parait, les n. 1-4.
14. Hercule marchant a droite, brandissant de la main droite
levee la massue et saisissant de la gauche un lion retournant la tete et grimpant sur la cuisse gauche du heros; derriere lui croix ansee; grenetis.
Rev.-Lion rugissant, accroupi a gauche,la patte droite levee; dans le fond bceuf marchant k gauche la t6te levee; carr^ creux borde d'un grenetis. M 3. 3,20. Coll. Imhoof, Num. Chron., 1888, p. 131, n. 26, PL V, 13. 15. Tete barbue d'Hercule coiffee de la peau de lion, a droite. Cercle au pourtour. Rev.-Protome de bouquetin agenouille, a droite; devant lui A; cercle. N |. 0,78 ma coll.; 0,72 Rev. num., I. c. p. 280, n. 3, PL YI, 5; Babelon, n. 589, PL XVI, 25.
Ce dizieme de darique, mis par Euagoras I, nous fait
voir que Golgoi e*tait alors en possession roi de du

Salamine; aussi toutes les monnaies autonomesde la ville sont elles anterieures a son regne.
Les plus anciens stateres, depuis n. 6 jusqu'aun. 10, le portent les initiales de rois, A., Phi., B., que j'ai
propos^ completer 'ApurroKirTrpos, de en QiXotcvTrpo? et

qnandle classementde cette serie a Soloi me
MONNAIES GRECQUES, 1NED1TES INCERTA1NES. ET 211
semblaitprobable, M. Babelon a admiacette attribuet

tion.
Mais,maintenant le A>de â drachme 11, donne que n. par le bel exemplairede M. Weber,nous fait voir que Golgoi peut revendiquerles pieces trouveesen partie
dans son voisinage, Idalion, si meilleur droit que Soloi, il serait hasarde de vouloir computer les noms de ces
rois inconnus.
Lesmonnaies frappees Soloi au 6eet au 5esieclesont a

encore retrouver.
XXXIX.-ANTIOCHUS III., JETTNE.

223-220 env.
1. Tete d.'AntiochusZZJ.jeune, eeinte du diademe, & droite j gr^netis.
&*.-BAZIAEHZ
ANTIOXOY,
Apollon assis, &
gauche, sur 1'omphalos,tenant de la main droite une fleche, et s'appuyant de la gauchesur son are ; dans le champ a gauche 3M, a droite M , a 1'exergue 3^.
N 8. 34,09. Cab. de la Haye, Imhoof, Zeitschr. f. Numiwi* in, 1876, p. 845.

2. Tete semblable ?
Eev.-Meme revers et m6mes monogrammes dans le champ, mais autres monogrammes a 1'exergue. M 8 ? 17,10. Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 21, n. 12.
16,85. Brit. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 25, n. 8, comp.

le statere d'or, n. 3, PL YIII, 3. Comp. Gough-Duane, Coins of the Seleuc., PL IV, p. 36, n. 3 et Bunbury, Num.
Chron.,1883,PL Y, 2, Cat. Bunbury,

.
II, n. 468, avee la tete du n. 1, mais d'autres numogrammes.
212
3. Droit du n. 1.
llev. - Me"me legende. Victoire dehout & gauche,tenant de la main droite une longue palme; dans le champ, a gauche et a droite les memes monogrammes.
M 5. -
Brit, Mus. K. of Syria, p. 21, 17, PL YH, 5.
M. Babelon38 date remission
des tetrastateres d'or
d'Antioehus III. de son expedition, dans les satrapies orientatesde sonroyaume,209- 205, quandil fit convertir a Ecbatane, en 209, quatre mille talents d'or en.
monnaie.3*
Cette date pent tre juste pour la plupart des tetrastateres figuresjusqu'ici,40 mais elle ne conyient pas si Fexemplaire decrit ci-dessus, 1, ni au bronze la meme n. ^
tete, n. 3. Oette t6te est d'un rol tr^s jeune et represents Antlochus au debut de son r&gne, quand il avait vingt ans et que de lagers favoris commencaient paraitre sur at sesjoues. La m6met^te se voit encore,mais lauree et diad^mêr sur le bronze au revers d' Art&nis qui couronnele nom du Toutes les autres monnaiesqui me sont connues sentent Antiochus dans un age plus avance, Les favoris commencent a couvrir ses joues sur le tetradrachme
38Rois de Syne, p. Ixxx. 39Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa,Real-encycl. I, p. 2462. 40Duane, PL IV, p. 53, n. 1; PL V, 5; Brit. Mus. JT. of 8., PL Vni, 4; Rois de Syrie, PL IX, 9. Le tetrastatere, Duane,
terienrI eelui la Haye, 1. de n.
PLIY, p. 36,n. 15,est de dateanterieure de hien peuposet

41Brit. Mus. K of Syria, p. 28, n. 54, PL IX, 10.
MONNAIES GKECQUES, INJEDITES INCERTAINES.213 ET
decrit par M. Imhoof,42 encore et plus sur le bustedrape"

figure par II. Imhoof et par M. Babelon.43
Oebusteressemble tellementa celui de soncousingermain Achaeus,le roi d'Asie, 220-214,43bissur son statere (Tor,44 qu'il doit 6tre de la meme ^poque. II n'est mme pas peut-etre de beaucouppoeterieur a 220. Alors, Antio-
chus, auquel un fils venait de naitre et qui, d^livre d'Hermeias, sentait de force a regner seul,fit dispase raitre les dernieres tracesde sonadolescence depuisses et
monnaiesnous le montrent toujours imberbe. Le monogramme dans le champ a droite, n. 41 de la
table de M. Babelon, tres frequent sur les monnaies est
despremiers Seleucides,45 je ne le trouvepaseur mais

lesmonnaies posterieures d'AntiochusIII.
XL.-ANTIOCHUS EuPATOR, ROI DE BABYLONE.
170-164.
1, TetediAntioclius enfant,ceintedu diademe royal, ^ droite.

Bandelette de laine au pourtour. J^.-BAZ1AEI1Z ANTIOXOY, Apotton assis, & gauche, sur 1'omphalos,tenant de la main droite 42Monn. grecq., p. 428, u. 49; cab. de la Haye; avec des favoris plus courts, Bunbury, Num. Chron, 1883, PL Y, 1-3,
Cat.'Btmhury n. 466-468, PL IV; Babelon, H, Eois de Syrie,

PL IX, 2, 3; ma coll. En or, Duane, PL IY, p. 36, n. 15. , 45Imhoof, Portraetk., p. 29 et 74, T. in, 17; Eois de Syrie,
n. 217, PL VI, 12 (Antiochus II).

43bis Wileken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Eeal-mcycl. I, p. 206,
Achaios 4,
44Cab. de Munich, Portraeth, p. 29 et 74, T. HI, 19. 45Seleucus Eois de Syrie, n. 46, PL n, 1; n. 53, PL II, 7. I, Antiochus I. n. 126-128; Duane, PL II, n. 15, 16, 18; Kings of Syna, p. 9, n. 12-14. Antiochus II, p. 14, n. 6. SeleucusII, p. 16, n. 12, 13; PL VI, 3; p. 18, n. 29; p. 19, n. 37, 38, PI. VI, 15; Duane, PL III, 24.
VOL XVII. THIRD SERIES. F F
214
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. une fieche et s'appnyant de la gauche snr son arc; dansle champ, a gauche,trepied; a Fexergue lettre (B, A), on monogramme. M 9, 8. 17,70-16,50. Duane, Coins of the Seleuc., PL IX, 9; Gardner, Cat. Brit. Mus. Kings of Syria, p. 24, n. 1-3, PI. Yin, 1; Head, Guide, PI, XXXVIII, 18 ; Pellerin, MelangesI, 1765, p. 135, PI. in, 17 (Tresor deLaodicee); Babelon, Eois de Syrie, p. 325-331, PL VIII, 17 et n. 332 avec denx monogr. et sans symbole ; ImhoofBlumer, Portraetk. T. Ill, 16; ma coll., etc.
Tte nn pen pins agee, Cat. Greau, n. 2325, PL IV, sanssymbole, antres monogr. et lettres.
2, M 4, 8J. 4,20-3,71. Drachmesa la mmetSte. Brit.
M'W., n. 4-6, PI. VIII, 2; Eou de Syrie, n. 333, PI. VHI, 18; ma coll., symbole trepied.
3. Meme tete.
Rev.-^Meme legende, chevalmarchant a droite. Ê 3- 4,20. Rozsde Syrie, n. 334, PL VJH, 19.
Cegroups de monnaies 4te class M. Gardner, a par

M. Bunbury et M. Babelon & un Antiochus, qui aurait
e*te" de Seleucus fils III.
et qui aurait regne pendant
quelques mois seulement, a Tage de six ou sept ans7ea
222, apres mort de sonpere.46 la

Mais cette attribution, generalement adoptee, ne peut
plus etre acceptê depuis que M. Wilcken a montr^47 que1'existence ce roi ephemere repose de ne que sur des combinaisons mal fondles de Droysen48 qu'il est i et
remplacer dans la srie des Seleucides par Antioclms,
48Gardner, 1. c. p. xiv; Bunbnry, Num. Chron., 1883, p. 90, 91, CataL, n. 465; Babelon, 1.c. p. Ixxiv-Ixxvii. 47Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, ReaLencycL p. 2470, AnI,
tiochus n, 26. isuiv.
48Droysen,&$ch. d. Hellenism,m., 2, p. 121 suiv., 131
MONNAIES GHECQUES, IN^DITESET 1NCERTAINES. 215

fils aine*d'Antiochus III. et de Laodice, fille de Mithridate
II. du Pont.
Ne en 220, son pere se Tassociatout jeune avecle titre de roi de Babylone, ainsi que Cambyse Favait & sous Cyrus.49Comme il estmentionne les inscriptel par
tions cuneiformes des tablettes babyloniennes des annexes 104, 110, 112, 114, 115 de Tere des Seleucides,depuis
208jusqu'en197 av.J.-O. II epousa, 196/5,EL ans,sa soeur 24 Laodic mourut, et en 193, age" 27 ans. II fut divinise*de sonvivant, de commesonpere,et e'estlui que la liste sacerdotale de
Seleucie intercale entre Seleucus III et Antiochus III.50
II est fort probable que des monnaies auront ete
frappees soneffigieet maintenant at que noussavons qu'il a porte le titre de roi pendant 15 & 16 ans,208-193, il y aurait lieu de rechercher si panni les monnaies classe*es &AntiochusIII et a Hie*rax,il n'y en aurait pas dont la tete juvenile conviendrait mieux A ce fils aine d'Antiochus qu'i sonpereou d Hi^rax.51 III
O'est une question que je me permets de soumettre
aux numismatistes.
Mais ce n'est pas ce jeune roi qui avait douze ans quand il est mentionn^ pour la premiere fois, 208,
que repr^sente t6te enfantine monnaies la des decrites. Gomme Tont bien vu Gough52 H. Cohen52bls et elles nousdonnentle portrait d*Antiochus Eupator.
49D'apres remarque judicieusedeM.Unger,Philologus la tres oCorp. Imcr. Graec.Ill, 4458j Babelon, c., p. Ixxiv. I.
51Voir par exemple, Num. Chron., 1883, PL V, 6; Cat, Buribury II, n. 477. 52Coinsof the Seleuc.,PL IX. *2bisCataL Grrmu, n. 2325 note.
LV, 1896, p. 107.
216
NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE.
!Ne en 173 et nomine roi de Babylone par son pere Antiocbus IT des 170, a l'ge de frois ans, il porta le titre de roi pendant sept ans, depuis 170 jusqu'en 164,
quandil succeda, deneuf ans, Epiphane.53 age

Pour se convaincre de la justessede cette attribution, il faut surtout comparer les tetradrachmes d'Eupator enfant avecceux de sonpere au memetype d'Apollon et
marques meme du symbole, trepied.54" le D'apres traitele

ment descheveux et tout Tensembledes pieces,elles sont evidemment Toeuvred'un mme graveur; en outre, le profil de 1'enfant, le nez surtout, correspond celui du
jeuneroi sur sespremieres emissions, apres 164,au type d'Apollon,55 qui n'est que plus developpe*. n'est et Ce
plus un enfant maintenant, mais un gar9on, grand pour
son age*
La notice de Strabon,56 Borsippa,la voisine de que

Babylone, etait consacree Apollon et a Artemis, nous a
fait Yoir quele type d'Apollon convientparticulierement aux premiersSeleucides, f urent rois de Babylone. qui
53Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Beal-encyd. I, p. 2476, cp. 2450, 2452; Unger, Philotoyw, LY, 1896, p. 107. Antiocbos Eupator fuebrte schon als Knabe, 7 Jahre vor dem Tod seines Yaters-am 21 April 170 in Babylon den Koemgstitel, -; am
26 Maerz269 wird Seleukos (ocms juiKpos creXevnycrc,-) ebenda

neben seinemYater Antiocbos I, als Koenig geoannt - j das Yorbildhatte Kyros durch ErnennungdesKambyseszum Koenig von Babylon gegeben. 54 Cat. Bnt Mus. K. of Syna, p. 34, 3, 4, PL XI, 2; ma coll.; Babelon, Rois de Syne, n. 516, cp. n. 514, 515, PI. XU, 1; Duane, PL IX, 1. * JT. of Syria, p. 44, 1, 2, PL Xin, 11, 12. 56Strabon, XYII, 1, 7, p. 739. Ta II Bo/wrtTwra kpairoAts larlv 'Apr/ii5os Kal 'A7roXX<uvo5. Stepb. Byz. BopcrtffTra, Imhoof, Nwnum. Zettschr. XXVII, 1895, p. 12, T. H, 6. JV. Tete d'Apollon. Rev,-Artemis 9 tirant de Tare dans nn d'elephante.
MONNAIES GBECQUES, INEDITES ET 1KCERTA1NES. 217
Dejal Antioclius I commenca, Mars 268, a rebatir & Borsippa fameuxsanctuaire Nebo,57 fik (aplou) le de le de
ZeusBelos-Merodach,que ce titre identifiait avec1'Apollon
grec. Je suppose m&ne que 1'Apollon, mentionne' par

Justin,67bis comme le divin pere de SeleucusI, et dont
Yancre etait le symbole, n'est autre quele dieu de Borsippa,qu'une barque sacreetransportait regulierement & Babylonepour y celebrerpres de son pre Merodach les
f^tes du nouvel an. L'ancre serait ainsi le symbole des droits au trone de Babylone que donnait a SeleucusI sa descendance par Apollon-Nebo, du dieu supreme Zeus
Belos-Merodach.
Pour terminer, il
n'est peut-etre pas inutile
de
remarquerque la t^te surmonte'e d'une etoile dest^tradrachmes d'Antiochus Epiphane,68 me semblepas IY ne

etre celle de ce roi, mais de son frere Seleucus IV
divinise et idealise.
XLI.-Eois
DES MEDES.
Timarque, nomme satrape de Babylone par Antioclius IV,69 se rendit fort utile d son fils Antioclius Y, 164162, comme ambassadeuraupres des Homains et resta
fiddle sa cause, quand le jeune roi eut e*ted^trdn^ et mis mort par DemetriusI. II partit pour Rome,ou
67D'apresTinscr. d'AntiochusI, KeikcJir. Bibl m, 2, p. 136-139. "Wilckendans Pauly-Wissowa, Eeal-encycl. p I,
2454.
371)15 Justin, XY, 4. Babelon, RotedeSyrie, p. Yn, VHL 68K. of Syria,p. 34, 1, 2, PI. IX, 1 ; Babelon, *., n. 528 I.
.
525, PI. XII, 3, 4.
M Appien,Syr. 45. Sup/as W>X(AntiaekusIV)
218
nous le trouvons, comme satrape de Medie, intriguant
centrele nouveau jusqu'al qu'il parvint a se faire roi, ce

reconnaitre par le Senatcommeroi desMedes. Alors il retourne en Medie, y reunit une arme*e
importante,se lie avec le roi d'ArmenieArtaxias,prend

possession contreesvoisines et reussit enfin, non sans des
violence, a se eonstituer la monarchic
en 161.60
desiree,
C'etait
Mais son triomphe fut de courte duree. L'annee suivante il est deja vaincu et mis & mort par Demetrius,
qui ce succes valut le nom de Soter,que les Babyloniens,opprimes le roi desMedes, decernerent.61 par lui
G'est done commeroi des Medes reconnu par le Senat de Rome,que Timarque a fait battre des statures d'or,62
destetradrachmes leurs divisions en argent et en et bronze,63 Pinstardesrois de Syrie, et c'esta tort que a
Diodore XXXI, 27a(MueUer, Fragm. Hist. Graec., II, p. xi,
xii), (raTpcartov rjv 3TAâv(TTaros oiv Ti/zapôs ^>L\OS, woXAaias TJJV os ts ePw/x,>i
K.r-X.- /caret TOVcvcoToira Katpov<rarpa,7rr)s
TOtovrov
ripf "Poi/JtTjv- en-ewe crvyK\7jTov icat rrjv 8oy/x.a avrov Trcpt

" Ttîapp(0) a/KV * auToiv /BacriXea * eu/cu. 'O
T^ Soy/iarta-vvcmq<r(LTO MTyStav KaraTQV OToaroTreSov - TL ra Trpdo-ûpa iSv&v icaTaTrXâêvos TOffapos Se TUW ^ta "njsSwaft-ecos, Kat ^roXXoiis VTTVJKOOVS (Spfw/o-evTO ironq&as 7ri Zevy/jta
XXXIV. Ut mortuo Aiitiocho regeSyriae Demetrius cognomineSoter, qui Romae fuerat obses,clam fugit occupataque Syria bellumcumTimarcho Medorum regehabuit Ariarathe (et)
rege Gappadocum.
icatT\OS j8ao-tXetas riys iyKparriêyeVeTO. Pomp.' Trogus, Prolog,
61Appien, Syr* 47, KOI Sea/*,eVc>K (Demetrium) avrov

TaivSvpaji', ^px- KOL ^Lp.ap^pvbravia-rapevov ayeXwv
BajSvAoivos Tjyovêvov <5 S^r^p, dpfa* 0' <cat

62Mas. de Berlin, Z. Muenxk. 1877, n. 482.
63Ca*. JBni. Mus. K. of Syria, p. 50,-PL XV. 2, 3, PL XXVIII, 6 ; Babelon, Eou de Syne, p. cxv.
MONNAIES GRECQTJES, INfcDITESET INCERTAINES. 219 les numismatistes continuent de le nommer roi de
Babylone. AussiM. ImhoofM n'aurait pas du classeri la Babylonie un groupe de bronzesd'Antiochus III, analogues par la fabrique,le style et la formedes flansaux bronzes de Timarque,dont le type, une jument qui allaite son poulain,ou un chevalpaissant,ne convientpas specialement a la Babylonie, maistout a fait a la Medie,satrapie
d'ou les rois de Perse tiraient les fameux chevaux Niseens
dont ils se servaient de preference et ou de leur temps
cinquantemille juments paissaientdans le haras royal d'une seule plaine.65

Comme Timarque, Molon, satrape de Mdie sous Antiocnus III, se declara roi des Medes. O'est ce qui
requite des donnees Polybe,66 titre de roi qu'il de du prend sur sesbronzes du fait qu'Antiochusfit crucifier et soncadavre dansle site le plus frequente de la M6die,67 en preuvequec'estdansce pays qu'il usurpale titre de
roi. O'est donecommetel qu'il a battu monnaie. Aussi me permets-je de signaler la Medie au savant auteur de VHistoria numorumy comme un chapitre qui
manque cet excellent & ouvrage.

64Monn. grecq.,p, 429, n. 60-63; Babelon, 1.c., PI. XI, 3, 4. Toir maJntenantImhoof, Die MuenzstaetteBabylon^ Numism. Zeitechr. XXYn, 1895, p. 16.
65Strabon, 13, p. 525, Aei/ôiv-Iv& TTCVTC XI, /xvptaSas Iwzruw ^Xewov vc/<r$at (/)acrtv Taiv CTTL ZlepcrcoT/, B-ras d-ycXas eli/al ravra? ySacrtXixas 8cNij<ratovs " TOUS tirTrouSjols exp&vro ot/Sac
own KOL jxeyiOTOts, ftVIvêi/Se ol Xeyouo** ycvos, KTO 6SPolybfe^V, 45, 1, KrupteiKDv (Molon) ravrrjs T^S 8e
-(Medie), ftcuriXiKriv x.owrrj$ irepto-rao'tv, TraAat icai p&r

-^-401 VTrepoxflV Swcwrrcias. r^v TT)S
67Ibid. 54,6, TOJLICV TOU <roi/*a MoXcovo? avacrrau/ooifrai Trpocre/caraTOV 67rt<avOTaTov T^? M^Stias. TOTTO^
220
XLIL -
CYR^NE, MAGAS.
VERS 274.
1, Tete imberbe de Dionysos,ceinte de lierre, a droite ; devant
elle JOl/lflAI3<l> ; dans le cliamp, a gauche,

symbole (carquois d' Artemis) ; grenetis. Bev. AA - Mfl, Eros marchant a grand pas a droite, les ailes eployees, chante en s'accompagnantde la lyre. M 4J. 8,43. Cab. de France. Svoronos, Rewienumism. 1892, p. 212- 216, vignette incorrecte, rectifiee en partie p. 506.
Ce curieux didrachme, trouve en Crdte et rcemment
acquis par le cabinet de France, a ete correctement
attribue par M. Svoronosa Gyrene, d'apresle poids attique, le style et le nom de magistrat place au droit
devant la tete et ecrit d rebours suivant Tusage du
pays.68
Mais, si le savant numismatiste n'a pas rûssi alors t d^ctififrer la legende du revers qu'U lisait . A - MAI, il a bien voulu m'informer depuis que ces lettres Indistinctes lui ont paru plus tard pouvoir tre lues AA - Mil et c'est en effet ce que je crois voir moi-m^me sur les
empreintes dont M. Babelona bien voulu me favoriser

avec son obligeanceaccoutumê.
Pour trouverle sens cette16gende, faut comparer, de il

comme l'a aussireconnu M. Svoronos,les monnaiescon-
temporaines suivantes,
w Mueller,Numism. l*<mc. de Afrique. Cyren., 176, 184, n.

200, 211, Suppl n. 190, PI. I.
MONXAIES GRECQUES, INEDITES INCERTAINES. ET 221

2. Tete imberbe ft1 Amman, a comes de belier, a gauche, devant PoAl AN0EYZ ; grenetis. Rev.- Hermes,debout a gauche, vetu de la chlamyde, le
petase doset les pieds ailes; il tient de la au

main droite le caducee,d'ou depend un diademe royal; derriere lui AAMH KYPAZA(iW) ; grenetis. M 5. 8,43. Coll. Weber, Catal. Montagu, 1896, n. 804,
Pl.X.
Meme droit ; derriere la tete silpJnitm.
Rev.-Meme revers, AAMQ KYPAZ(<uW) le dia6*j

deme ne parait pas sur la gravure, mais on en
voit des traces la ou il est attache au caducee.
M 5. 8,50.
Bompois, Med. de la Cyren.<p. 121, 122, Vignette dit, litre ; CataL Bompois, n. 2074 ; Mueller Svppl., n. 175\
3. Tete d1 Artemis, a droite, la carquoisau dos, devant AAMU KYPANA(iW); grenetis. volant & droite, tenant de la main gauche une couronne et de la droite un diademe royal, sur
lequelest inscrit le nom du roi (?) (M AFAZ ?) ;

grenetis. <ZE 15,10. Univ. de Turin. Mueller, n. 236 " Svoronos, 5. Rev. Num. 1892, p. 215 vign.
II ne s'agit done pas d'un second nom de magistrat,
tel queAAMflNAKTOZ, par example,mais,comme Ta d^jet propose Mueller,70 De"mos Oyr^neens, fit du des qui
88Cet N retourne ainduit Bompois a lire AAMflKYPAZ,
erreur que lesmoulages queje dois a Tamitie deM.Weber me

permettent de rectifier.
graveur.
Mueller, Suppl., p. 11, avait deja
soupQonne cet Z n'etait du qu'a une inadvertancedu que 70 Muellera aussireconnu,I. c., que Aajuo> Ku/3ava(/<ov)la est forme dorique ^/iov KvpiTva(tW) genitif en a> retrouve de ; ee se
dans lesnoms de magistrats KAINIH,
TOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES.
et KYH'EAfi
G G
TH
4>IAHN desmonnaies Gyrene, 42, 323, 824. de n.
222
frappercesbelles monnaies desoccasions a exception elles.

Ces evenements sont indiques par les types. Sur le bronze,n. 3, division du didrachme n. 1, Nike
porte la couronneet le diademeau roi Magas, dont le

nom semble inscrit sur le diademe.
Sur le n. 2 la prosperite et la securite dont jouit le commerce sous Fautorite de Magas sont symboliseespar
le diademe dont Hermes a ceint son caducee.
Sur le didrachme n. 1 Eros cbante 1'epithalame aux
noces Magaset d'Apame,la fille d'AntiochusI, vers de

274.71
Cetteunionassurait Magas1'appui puissant de du roi

Syrie et le mettait en etat de resister aux tentatives de Ptolemee Philadelphe pour recouvrir la Cyrenaique,oii Magas s'etait declare independant apres la mort1 de
Ptolemee Soter.
Ce mariage etait doned'une importanceeapitalepour

le pays et la belle monnaie frappee ai cette occasion
tmoignede la vive part que le Demos Cyrene de prit au

bonheur de son roi.
C'est au nom de Cyrene qu'Eros entonnele chant

nuptial.
Le nom du roi ne se lit ni sur ce didrachme ni sur les
autres monnaiesde la mmepoque; on n'y rencontre que
celui des Cyreneens du magistrat temporairequi et

permettait alors d'en fixer la date precise.
II estpermisdrenconclureque Magas ne jouissaitpas d'un pouYoiraussiabsoluque les rois d'Egypte et de Syrie; malgresontitre il n'^tait gu^re plus que satrape
et son autorit^ tait limitee par 1'autonomiedu D6mos,
n Wilcken dans Pauly-Wissowa, Eeal~mcycL9 p. 2662, I, Apama; Pftusan,I, 7,8.
MONNAIES GHECQUES, INEDITES 1NCERTAINES. ET 223
qui conservait droit de monnaie le dont il jouissaitdepuis longtemps.72 II est vrai que Mueller date les stateresd'or et les monnaies argent,signespar les mmesmagistrate, en des
annees450 a 322.73 Mais tine comparaison attentive de
la pose Zeus, de assis sontr&ne,desstateres Chairis, sur de Cydis,Theupheides, Jason,avec celle du Zeusaetophore et nicephoredes tetradrachmes aux types d'Alexandra
&nispar Seleucuset Antiochus suffitpourfairevoir I I,74

que les stateres Gyrenesont posterieursa Alexandre de et ne sontpasanterieurs rdgnede Magas, au 284-258. II est fort possible que Gyreneait adopte type du le
Zeusassis, lors de 1'alliance de Magas avec le roi de Syrie,
pour remplacerle Zeusdebout stateressignesKAEA des en monogramme,75PoAIANOEYZ. et Le didraclime, public par M. Svoronos, vient confirmer cesdates, m'avaientdeja t6 sugg^rees comparant qui en le didrachmede Theupheides, cite par M, Svoronos,76
avec la tete ceinte de lierre de Ptolemee IY Philopator
sur les monnaies argentfrappês ce roi, sansdoute en par en Cyrenaique.77 " Les raresbronzes, la legendeBAZIAEHZ MAFA,78 i
" Mueller, p. 63.
a 321.
75Ibid. p. 71. D'apr&sM.Head, Hist. num. p. 729, de481

74 Cat. Brit. Mvs. K. of Syria, PI. HI, 1 ; Babelon, Rois de
Syrie,PL IY 3, 4; CataLMontagu, PI. IX, n. 691. I,

75Babelon, Revuenurmsm.,1885, p. 399, PL XV, 7.
76Mueller, n. 176; Svoronos,Rev. Num., 1892, p. 215

vtgn.
'77 Imhoof, Portraetk. VIII, 5; Monn. T. grecq., J, 13; PL
comp.Cat. Brit. Mus. K. of Egypt,PL XIV, 6. 7. 78 Mueller,n. 382; K of Egypt, p. 38, n. 11, 12, PL VI,
7,8.
224
de fabriqueplus recente, me semblent ne pas porter le nom du Magasqui nousoccupe, maiscelui de sonpetitfils, le frere cadet de Ptolemee Philopator et le fils de
Berenice et de Ptolemee Euergete dont je retrouvele I,

portrait au droit de ces bronzes,tout pareil a la tete des
tetradraelimes Poolea classes ceroi79et qui portent que a

son effigie. II est fort probable, en.effet, que ce jeune Magas ait pris le titre de roi & la mort de son pere,222, et que des bronzes a son nom aient ete frappes en Cyrenaique,dont sa mere etait reine. Mais cette Emission n'a pu etre que de fort courte
duree,carMagasfut bientotmis mort ayec mere80 sa et

c'est pourquoi cesbronzes sont si rares.
Le quadrige galop,a gauche, derniersstateres au des d'or de Tneuplieides de Jason,81 et parait avoir seryide
modele& celui des stateresd'or du satrape des Parthes,
Andragoras, 250,tue par Arsace82 du Satrapedont le et

nom, ecrit en lettres arameennes,n'a ete reconnu ni par
M. Gardner, par M. Howorth.83 ni I/Emission cesstateres typedu quadrige galop de au au a donecommence Orientpeu apres mort de Magas, en la 258,sous rgne le d'Antioctus II, 264-247, quand proles
JL of Egypt, p. 47, n. 12-14, PL IX, 4-6 ; p. 55, n. 86,

PI XI 9
80Polybe, V, 34,36 ; Droysen, Gesch.d. Hellen. IH, 2, p. 164, 165. Straek, Die Dynaitie der Ptolemaeer,1897, p. 194. 81Mueller, n. 184,189. 83Justin, XLI, 4; Gardner, Num. Ghron., 1879, p. 1,P1. I, 1; Cat. Brit. Mm. Bactna, p. xix, PL I, 1; Head, Guide, 28,
15.
bientot
83Num.Chron., 1879,p. 4, PL I, 2; 1890,p. 38, 41; Head, Guide, 28,15. Les vraisuomsdecesatrape de sa satrapie PL et oat ete reconnus par M. JVIarquart, je Tespere, qui, pubhera
sa deconverte.
GRECQL'ES, INEDITES ET INCERTAINES. 225
vincesorientales royaumedes du Seleucides revolterent se presque toutes et cettedateme confirmedansropinion ^ que les stateres d'or de Gyrene sont classer regnede au
Magas, d'autant plus qu'ils font suite aux stateres d'or de
Ptole"mee Soter au quadrigedjelephants, dont quelquesuns sontsigned memes des magistratsIPPoKPA^r) et KAEA,85 monogrammes, en qu'on retrouvesurdesbronzes de Cyrenea la tete d'Apollon ou a celle de Ptolemee
Soter,86
J. P. Six.
, Deeembre,1896,
*4 Justin, XLI, 4 ; Strabon, XI, 9, 2, p. 515. 85Mueller, SuppL, n. 865a; Zeitsclir. f. Numism., VII, 1880, p. 314, T. IV ; ma coll.; Catal. Cte de D., 1889, n. 108, PL III; Catal Montagu, I, PL X5 D. 782, n, PL IV, 421.
86Mueller,n. 362 viqn. et ma coll. (variee); Cat. Brit. Mus.

K of Egypt, p. 11, n. 95-98, cp. p. 10, n. 84-87.
XIII.
ON- SOME COINS OF WILLIAM I. AND H.
FBOM THE MONTAGU COLLECTION.
(See PlateX.)
SOME years ago,our late Vice-President, Mr. Montagu,

borrowed "William from me a coin, of Harold I. Some time afterwards II. on account of the
resemblance its reverse to that of Ms unique penny of of

lie stowed identical me a small dies. Mr.
series of William pennies,six coins in all, and pointed out

to me that some of them were from
Montagu had intendedwriting on thesecoins,as he at

least doubtedtheir authenticity. My attention wascalled to these pieceswhen they were
catalogued sale,and I then had an opportunityof for

studying them carefully. As my coin of Harold II. forms
the starting-point of the series,I shall describeit with

Mr. Montagu's coins and with some other piecesI have
been able to examine. Coin No. 1. Harold II.
Obv.-Usual type, bustwithout sceptre. Legend+ H AEOLD

KEX ANO.
Ew*-Usual type, with PAX
across the field.
Legend
+ LBOEYILD OMLEPE:
[PL X. 1.]
The coinis in badcondition, been has brokenandpartly
ON SOMKCOINS OF WILLIAM I. AND II.
227
mended, appearsto have beenmore or less tooled. and

Lewes, where the coin was struck, is not an uncommon
place mintage, Harold'spredecessors successors of and and

had a mint in the town. The moneyer's name,however,
doesnot appear any of the lists of moneyers, in although I havecarefullylookedthrough thoseof all the reignsand
mints of the time. A point which at onceinvites remark in this nameLeofvild is the letter V. In this placethe letter
must have the same sound as the modern V, but so far as I know there was no distinction between V and U till much later than the time of Harold II. As to the V
representing the W, the otherhalf beingomittedfor half

want of room, this supposition must also be negatived by the fact that the name Leofwild does not figure in any list. It is, moreover,very rare to find W on a Saxon
coin in place of P, and when it doesoccurit is only in

connexion with a Latinised name.
On looking through the coins of Harold II. in the

National Collection struck at Lewes, I noticed one piece, found at Ohancton and bearing the name of Leofward.
Between this coin and mine there is a most marked little out of the centre. The 0 of LEOF resem-
blance. The reverse legend begins in the sameplace, a

is on both
piecesfilled in.
The other four letters PARD of the
moneyer'sname are not very clear, and a casual observer might misread them, as the strokes of the letters appearin
muchthe same sort of relationshipto eachother asthey

do in the YILD of my coin. In my piece, however, straight strokes take the place of curved ones in the original. The word OM in substitution for ON on both piecesis also worthy of notice.
CoinNo. 2. Numberedand figured as 224 in the sale catalogue the second of portion of Mr. Montagu'scoins.
228
NUMISMATIC CHUONIOLE.
O&u.-Side face to right with sceptre,as Hawkins Fig. 239.

-Rev.-As that of Harold II.'s coin, with PTtX across the
field. [PL X. 2.]
The reverseis from the same die as the previous coin. The two pieces bear identical marks where they have not been more or less obliterated by bad treatment. As an instance,the P of PTfX has a little hook on the inside of the loop and three little dots, due to irregularities of the die, inside the loop. Coin No. 3. Samecatalogue,No. 220.
06v.-From the same die as the last.
fiev. -A crosspattee,with a trefoil ornamentin eachquarter pointing inwards, as Hawkins, Fig. 239. Legend
+ LEEPYILD OM LEPE: [PL X. 3.] The legend is from the same reverse die as the two
earlier coins, but the misformed O has been altered to an
E which stands out from the other letters. All the other
marks are the same; OM is still retained.

Coin No. 4. Idem No. 248.
OZw.-Prom the samedie as No. 3. The sceptre has been turned into a sword hy the removal of the lateral
eurs from the lis termination. A cross bar below has been added. Also two tassels are now seen
hanging from the crown. The letter I has been

added after Hex.
Jtev.-From the samedie as No. 3. [PL X. 4.]

Olv-Same die as 2 and 3, that is, with sceptre. Rev.-That of the ordinary Paxs type. Legend + LIFOED
ONLI3STDO. PP1.X.
OX SOMECOINSOF WILLIAM I, AND II.

229
QbUf Same die as No. 4. There are, however, some slight alterations; the swordis longer. die as No. 5. [PI. X. 6.]
Olv. - Same die as No. 5.
Ilev. - Also the same die as No. 5, but certain letters have
beenaltered,thus turning the legendinto SIPOE.D
ON PINEE. and F of Liford are replaced by

S and P, and L and 0 of Linco by P and E. This coin is said to have been found at Beaworth.
That the obverses of these coins, notwithstanding the

alterations, are from the same die there can be no doubt.
The expression, suchit canbe called,of the King's face if

is exactly the sameon all of them, The position of the crown, in relation to the words of the legend, is also the
same in all, and the little telltale dot at the base of the
sceptre is still visible when this symbol of power is exchanged for a military one. Except the coin of Harold IL all the abovewere in Mr. Montagu's collection. and realised large prices at his sale. Since that sale I have been able to obtain other coins for examination, which I now passon to notice.
CoinNo. 8 (kindly lent meby Mr. Bliss).

Olv.andEev. fromthe same asNo. ?. [PI. X. T.] dies
Thepositionof the obverse the reverse exactlythe to is same both coins. This piecewasformerlyMr, "Webb's in
and was sold at his sale.
CoinNo. 9. Mr. H. (X O'Hagan,the possessor this of piece, was good enoughto allow me to examineit ; it
was also a "Webb coin.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. H H
230
Obv.-Full Bev.-A
face between two stars without cross voided circles. termi-
over a cross the limbs of which
nate in annulets an annuletin the centre. [PL ;

X. 8.] The obverse and reverse, in fact, are those of Hawkins,
Fig. 250, and are attributed to the end of "William II. The legend which graces this reverse is the old one
LEEFYILD OH LEPE; and it wasthis legendwhich

induced me to ask Mr. O'Hagan to lend me the coin. This penny is over-struck on a " Paxs " penny.
Coin No. 10.
Obvt-Prom the same die as No. 9.
JRev.-Also probably from the same die as No. 9. Legend LIFDIN ON LESTE. [PL X. 9.]
This is the coin I exhibited sometime ago in connexion with a paper on over-struck and altered dies. It is struck over a " Paxs " penny. It was recalled to my mind by Mr. O'Hagan's coin, and on examination, I regret to say, I found the obverses certainly, and the reverses probably, from the same dies. The uncertainty is due to the confusionproducedby the over-striking.
Coin No. 11.
Obv.-Prom the same die as Nos. 9 and 10.
EM.-Also as Nos. 9 and 10. Legend GODABD PINEE,

struck over another coin, most probably a
" Paxs "
penny. [PL X. 10.]

This coin I obtained coins, Coin No. 12. at the sale of the late Mr. Hunn's
Olv. and Rev.from same dies as the last three, but legend SEPOKD ON MALME; also struck over another
coin. [PL X. 11.]
ON SOMECOINSOF WILLIAM I. AND II. Prom the Nunn Sale.
231
I am enabled to describe and
showit throughthe kindness Mr. Ready,the owner. of Having briefly described coins,I must now refer to the someparticular featuresabout them all. I haveshown
that LEOFVILD and LEEFVILD do not appearin the lists of moneyers. The sameholds good for DODABDon
the last coin. As regards LIFORD, hewasnot a Lincoln

moneyer, but struck at Winchester, and his name wasnot LIFORD but LIFJ7ORD, and the )?always appearsin his name. The name of the moneyer SIPORD is correct for Winchester,but he is only given in the list of the Beaworth
find as havingstruck on the ordinary" Paxs" pennies. I

have one of these,and the work is unusually rough, and not in the least like the coin here described(No. 7). The Beaworth list, moreover, does not contain any coin answering to the description of this piece. The lettering on all these piecesdoesnot appear to me to be quite the same as that met with on the ordinary William coins. The strokes appear to join the uprights much more, as in the modern fashion. I lay no stress
uponsucha fact by itself, but I think it shouldhave its weight whencircumstances compelus to look twice at a
coin.
It will be seenfrom the foregoing that there is a most extraordinary connection betweenall these pieces,and the question that immediately puts itself forward is that of authenticity. Can all these pieces,struck from identical dies, or parts of dies, have been made at the time of the sovereigns whose names they bear, or do they proceed from the laboratory of some person who has most seriously misdirected his skilful fingers ? We have here
beforeus a problemwhich requiressomethingmorethan

mere numismatic grounds to solve. Any one of the coins
232
KUMISMATJC CHRONICLE.
taken by itself would never lead to the belief of concoc-
tion. I mustsaya few wordsabout the Harold coin. I obtained with othercoins,all genuineones, the early it in
days of my collecting, and I was rather surprised and disgusted when it was declared false at the British Museum. Mr. Montagu and others concurred in this
opinion,and it wasnot till this investigation comwas

mencedthat any changeof opinion about the Harold coin
took place then it waslooked ; upon aspossibly genuine a

example,more or less altered by tooling and bad treatment. S"owas regards the obverse I have very little to say, and it doesnot enter into the subject-matter of this paper; but the reverse, which is the reverse of Mr. Montagu's unique penny, is most important. I think
there can be no doubt that the marks, or most of them,
which have been called tooling on my coin, are really marks in the die, and the same marks appear on the
reverse of coin No. 2. This binds the first two coins
together, and all the others must be grouped with these, as they all have been shownto be, one side or other, from
the same dies.
Now supposeall the coins are genuine, what follows ? We have two new moneyers,or two spellings of the same moneyer, for Lewes, viz., LEOFVILD and LEEFVILD. The new moneyer has a most unusual letter V in his
name. Besides that, LEEFVILD, who started work in Harold II/s time, had occasion to tool-mark his die. He
then struck a penny in William's time, with the same reverse,but with an obverseof a much later period, and
then to this latter obverse he added reverses to suit it, but he still used the old die letters for his name, viz.,
LEEFVILD
OM LEPE.
He ended his career, so far
aswe know,by striking a coinat the endof William II/s
ON SOMECOINSOF WILLIAM I. AND II.
233
reign, îth the old legend,and he struck it over a "Paxs" penny. He alsolent his diesto SIpORD,of
Winchester, and to LIFORD, of Lincoln, both of whom usedthem for striking pennies, now of the highestrarity, viz., the side-faced **Paxs" coinsand the newtype with
the sword instead of the sceptre. In William II.'s
time, again,his dieswere usedby LIFDLN", of Leicester, who gives us LESTE, a contemporary spelling for
Leicester.SIpORD,of Malmesbury, GODARD, and of

Winchester, and all these moneyers, followed LEEFVILD'S example by striking over " Paxs" pennies. GODARD's name is new to history. LIFORD, or, as
it shouldbe,LIFpORD, is not knownto havestruck at

Lincoln, and the side-faced " Paxs " type by SIPORD, of Winchester, though a most important coin, is not mentioned in the list of the Beaworth find, though the
catalogue tells us it wasfound there. Theuseof coins,

also, as flans has to be considered. In the days when very few coins were the yield of a pair of dies, one may be quite sure that the preservation of the coin made at such expensewould be a first consideration,and any such thing as an over-strike on a coin current in the realm would be a proceeding to be avoided as being wasteful. These moneyers, however, who used LEEFVILD's dies all disregardedeconomyin using coins for their flans.
Now let us look briefly to the other sideof the question,

and consider what we have to believe if these coins were
produced in modern, times. Firstly, we must grant the existenceof an extremely clever engraver, who knew how to copy ancient work most deftly, but did not excel as an
antiquary; hence mistakes the names. Secondly, the in

we must agreethat this engraver, in order to complete his
mostmasterlyforgeries,used" Paxs" pennies which on
234
to strike, so that the ground-work and the edge should defy detection. Under this suppositionwe can go a step further, and say that the coins were made after Beaworth.
times. Tliis will account for the absence of the Win-
chester side-face " Paxs" coin from the Beaworth list, and
also for the " Paxs" pennieswhich were used, and which were of the greatest rarity before the great discovery in
1834,and ifewill also accountfor manyof thesepieces

having a long pedigree.
Of the two sides this questionI unhesitatingly to give my opinion in favour of forgery, as involving fewer impossibilities than authenticity. Had the engraver only
stuck to known types and moneyers,I believe these coins
would have defied detection.
This seriesis not the only example of its kind, and the
other one I can mention tells the same tale. In the "Webb
Collectionwere three coins purporting to have beenstruck
by the Empress Matilda: onewith a Scotch reverse, one

with a reverseof Henry I. (Hks. 255), and the third with
a reverseof the first type of Henry II. Thesepieces werepassed the saleof Mr. Webb'scoins false,and at as
with them a coin of Henry I., which was from the same
reverse die as one coin of Matilda. The coin next to
this in the catalogue was from the same obverse die,
Henry I., and therefore obviouslyfalse; but it defiedthe detection thosepresent, of and I believewas bought by Mr. Montagu,and sold for a considerable sum at MrMontagu's Sale. Here,then, is the same overagain, tale and the samewonderfulwork, and the samedeception. It was unhesitatinglycondemned. Why, then, should
we withhold our condemnation from this series ? L. A. LAWRENCE.
XIV.
ON A HOAED OF SHOBT-CEOSS PENNIES.
THE coins, some 574 in number, were kindly lent me
for descriptionby Mr. Whelan. The hoard camefrom

France, and Mr. Whelan believed they had been untouched since their discovery. I have classifiedthe whole
hoard in tabular form, and I shall therefore confine
myself to making some general observations the on

collection. With the exception of three coins, the hoard consistedof short-cross pennies. All the five classes into which Sir John Evans divides these coins are represented. ClassI., attributed to Henry II., by two coins; Class II., those of Richard I, by 35 ; ClassIII. by 149; ClassIV. by 32-these two classesbeing supposed be to struck by John; finally Henry III.'s, Class V., by 327 pieces. I am not so sure of the characteristicsof Class IV. as to be able to place definitely every coin of this
division. It has been left as an intermediate between
Classes UL and V., and it is quite possiblethat someof the coins given to these two classesshould have been included in Class IV.: the point, however, is of small importance, and I only mention it on accountof the seem-
ingly small number of coinsin this class. We have, then,in this hoard coinsof all th*eshort-cross varieties, oneshouldexpectfrom its completeness further some
236
NUMISMATIC CHROXICLE.
evidencein referenceto the old short-cross question, now long set at rest. The evidence,happily, is all on one side, viz., that of confirming most forcibly Sir John Evans's views, as given in the volume of the Chronicle 1865 for (New Series,vol. v.). The mints representedin the find,
and the numbers eachmint and class,I now give in of

tabular form.
lV Of
Class . . . 1. 2. 3 4. , 5. Total Eecles find.
Canterbury . .
London .... Chichester . Exeter . , York Lincoln .... . ,
.
I . .
5
18
32
95 2 2 3 2
22
8
156
147
215
269 2 2 8 3 2 2 29 1 10
227
264 3 2 9 6
5 1
Norwich .... .
Northampton .
Rnla . . St. Edmunds Oxford . . Winchester . . , . . . . -
2
?, 1 1
1
2 1 9
E
2
24
2 10
1 21 1 14
35
149
32
827
545
Illegible Foreign
26
574
From this it will be seenthat Canterbury and London account for 215 and 269 coins respectively, upwards of four-fifths of the whole. St. Edmundsbury follows with 29, Winchester with 10, York with 8, Lincoln with 3, while 2 each comefrom Chichester, Exeter, Northampton, Norwich, and Rula, and one only, and that doubtfully, attributed to Oxford. A comparison with the Eccles
hoard, described 1865, gives most curious results* in
ON A HOARD OF SHORT-CROSS PENXIES.
237
There were 5,715 short-cross pennies, and the numbers
mintedat places represented this find were:in Canterbury2,278, London 2,643, St. Edmunds 212,
Winchester 142, York 96, Northampton and Norwich
together 105, Lincoln 58, Chichester31, Exeter 19, Eula 9, Oxford13. This showsa hoard just ten times as largeas the presentone,and the mints represented in each,with one or two exceptions, in the same are proportion. We maythereforeconclude that the vastmajority of short-cross pennieswere struck at Canterburyand
London.
One coin only in this hoard which bears the cross
botonnyis that struck by TOMASat Eula in Class II.

In Sir John Evans's list there are three coins of Eula
all bearingthis mark, andall are of Class Thiswould II. seemto imply that the mark was in use before King John'stime,thoughthe coinsof Eula are the only ones
on which the crossbotonny appearsas early as ClassII. Of coins bearing ornamental letters Samuelof Canterbury and Ilger of London have both left us evidenceof their taste in one coin each. The 6?sand C's, the usual
letters, are those here characterised.
There are severalmoneyers' names interestappearof ing on someof the pieces;thus, JohanB., Johan M.,
Joan Chic., Joan F. E., Eobert Vi., Eoger of E., and
William
or rather of London.
TA, have all left their names recorded on coins

suffix. Eicard B. is accountable for two coins
of Canterbury in this hoard. Eobert VL is a new name
The foreign coins, though only three in number, are interesting from the fact that similar pieceswere found
at Eccles.
Two are the ordinary coins of William

VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES.
the Lion,
I I
238
King of Scotland ; one is illegible, but had for the moneyer the name RAVL; the other, partly illegible, gives the reverse legend .... 7VM: 0 : EOCC, I supand posewas struck at Roxburgh. The last coin is perhaps the most interesting piece in the hoard-a sterling of the Emperor Otho IV.,
1208-1212.
Ofrv.-OTTO " INPB^TOR, full-faced bust with sceptre. Rev.-* TESMONI a6C7T (Dortmund). Short cross
"with four pellets in each angle.
A coin o this type, found at Eccles, is figured in vol. v., New Series, PL XI., Fig. 11. Otho was King John's nephew, and this type of his coin is of extreme rarity. The time covered by the hoard is from A.D. 1180 to some time before 1248, the great majority of the coins
beingstruckquitelate in this period. Of the history oi

the finding of these coins, or of their place of burial, I can say nothing.
L. A, LAWRENCE.
3. CANTERBURY.
4,
+ TtBNTIVD
4- GCOLDWINGC
, ON , eCTS; 1
. ON . cc 2
+ ilSNBI.ON.aTOTT ---+ IOI|7VN,ON.CmN
4 ec i 3
Tec i
. ON
4- l]IYN . ON .
ON
4- BOB6CBD
. ON-. OC7t,
4-BOeeCB.ON.a^NT
1 4-BOeCBON
1.
2,
3.
CANTERBURY,
SIMVN.ON,a7tN
1 +SIMVN.ON.a^NT6C
+ SIMON , ON , a^N
+ SIMON . ON . aSNT
2 + SIMVN.ON
1
1
+ TOMffS.ON.aS
VL7VED
, ON . dTOTT
I] legibleCan torbury pence10 Illegible mints 8
H-TUBeCL.ON.LYNDG;
12
. ON . LVND6CN
.
4-FYLEeC.ON.LY
LYND
1
2
riecNBia.ON.LW . -LYND.,.
2 1
IL6eCE.ON.LYN
ILGSE
. ON
1 + IL66CE ON D 10 + IL(o6CE . O D6C 13 + - -. DC 1
I.
2.
3.
LONDON. ON. LVND BAVL.ON LVNDE 1 EeCNeCB.ON.LVND + EICC7TBD.ON.LVN + STIVaNGC.ON.LVN. N.LV NLV E.O.N.LV is 1 1 2 D 2 ElttTYBD . B . ON . LV 2 2 . ON. LVN D
Da
3 4- KAVtf 6
10
N.LVN
---D
G
10
+ WILL6CLM.ON.LVN
3 -h WILL6CLM
. ON . LV
1 3 1
+ WTLLELM.B.ON.LV + WILLGCLM.T.ONLV
Illegible moneyers
CHICHESTER.
WILLGCLM
. ON aia
EXETER.
. ON eca
YORK. i +DAVI.ON.G:VQ;E i
I.ON.eCY
3 + IOI]7VN.ON.eCYGCE 1
1
LINCOLN.
+ NiaOLGC. ON. eCYEE 1 + PffEaS.ON.GCYEEY
4- LGCFWINQ:ON , Niao i + lyrec. ON . NiaoLec .

+ 7VNDEGCY. ON . NICC NORTHAMPTON.
i
1
+ TCD7VM.ON.NOEI] NOE i]TV 1

+ E6CINALB.ON.NOE 2 ETJLA. NORWICH.
*f TOM7VS ON . EYLA 1 . + IjSNEIdYS. ON.E... ? 1

ST. EDMONDS. + SIMYND. ON.SA...
1 + EXYP.
+ WTLLGCLM. ON S7VNT 1
2.
3, OXFOBD ? + 7tILWIN0:.ON...a WlNCHESTEB. 1
+ eoaaLM.ON.wiNa
+ TTDTIM . ON . WIN
+ ftNDKaV . ON , WN
2
1
+ IOI]S:N.ON.WIN
+ LYXSS + ESV-* + EKIfiED WILLIAM
4*
1
.
. ON. WIN iNaec . ON . WIN TUB LION.
i 1
Side face and Sceptre.

+ E7TVL :
OTHO.
Obv. OTTO . INPEATOE
Rev.*f TEGCmONI .
NOTICES
OF EECENT
NUMISMATIC
PUBLICATIONS.
Nachtrmje und Beriohtogunt/en Munzkunde do romischen zur Repibltk, &c. Von M. Bahrfeldt. Wien, 1897.
The author of this work has taken as his basis Babelon's
Monnaiesdela Repubttque rouiaitie. His aim and object has been to add any new material which he may have collected relating
to this section of Roman numismatics, and to correct any
errors of description or others which may be met with in M. Babelon's work. Besides being a collector of Roman coins for a period of over twenty-five years, Herr Bahrfeldt has devoted much time and patienceto the examination of nearly all the public and private collections in Europe, a list of which is given at the end of his volume, Naturally he has found new material, and traced many errors of description. M. Babelon's
work was an immense advance on that of the late M. Cohen :
the latter is a catalogue; the former is the work of a scholar. It is true that M".Babelon made someuse of his predecessor'sdescriptions, and also of his somewhat imperfect illustrations; but his chronological arrangement, his notes, and the history' of the various moneyers, are in the mam original,
and it is on these that the real value of his work the midst of his arduous official duties H. Babelon is based. In was of course
obliged to limit his researchesto public collections, and to such private ones as were readily accessible. The task of searching among the private collections generally could only be performed by some one with a greater amount of leisure, and it is this task which Herr Bahrfeldt has accomplished. The result is that he has brought together a great deal of matter which forms an excellent supplement to M, Babelon's work. Herr Bahrfeldt has been most painstaking not only in checking M.
Babelon's descriptions, in giving a gooddealof information but

concerning the publication of various pieces. We have no intention to criticise the work, as it has been done most con-
scientiously but we must saythat, as a rule, Herr Bahrfeldt's j

VOL. XVII, THIRD SERIES. K K
246
corrections and emendations not of anyvery greatimportance are
Very often they are merelya discussion to whether a do as

should have been inserted or omitted between certain words, 01
as to whether the form of a letter is correctly given or a symbol accurately described. The writer makes apparently very few if any criticisms on the question of the chronology of the coins, which is one of the chief merits of M. Babelon'swork ; nor does he discussin any way M. Babelon's notes about the moneyers. Preciseness of the highest importance in numismatics, especiis ally when coins are wanting in artistic interest, and there is no
lack of this in Herr Bahrfeldt's volume. Babelon issues a new edition of his work No doubt when M. he will not fail to
consult that of his German colleague.

H. G.
Major-General G. Clerk. London (Quaritch),1895. M.
Catalogue the Coins of the AcJiaan League. Compiled by of
Major-General Clerk has produced, at very considerable pains, a full catalogue of all the known coins of the Achaean League, numbering no less than 443. As this is an increase by 205 on the list published by Weil in 1882, the necessity of a new list is apparent. The only new town to which a coin is attributed is Lusi, in Northern Arcadia ; but a very large
number of new varieties are described. Most valuable are the
thirteen plates, containing, according to the author's statement, 311 coins; although we are not sure that the black background
does not detract from the clearness of some useful lists of towns and names. the details. There are We notice a number of
lapsus calami, such as KOPON El A, Troezen, Percy Gardiner, ImhoffBlumer, Messme, ANAPIAAZ, XAEAPX,
(AY)ZIMA(KOZ);
but there are none of any disturbing
force. Altogether numismatists owe a debt of gratitude to Major-General Clerk, the more so as the subject which he has taken up, although of great historical importance, is not one of
the most attractive branches of Greek numismatics. G. F. HELL.
Minton's Numi&natic Bibliography* It is to the perseveranceand diligence of oneof our members, Mr. Thomas Minton, that the Library of the Department of
Coins and Medals in the British Museum is indebted for a work
NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS.
247
of reference the value of which to numismatists can be fully
appreciated by thosewho are privilegedto makeuse of it. only For many years past Mr. Minton has occupied leisure his time in compiling voluminous of the numismatic a list works of
all countries which have appeared during the present century
downto the year 1893. This list includesnot only books and
pamphlets published separately, but all the shorter papers, memoirs, and notices which have been printed in the numerous numismatic journals and reviews. The number of entries exceeds thirteen thousand, alphabeti-
cally arrangedunder the authors' names,the works of each author appearing the orderof the dateof publication. in
Perhaps the most generally useful portion of Mr. Minton's work will be found to be the Index, which occupies a separate volume by itself. It contains nearly three thousand names of countries, cities, kings, dynasties, peoples,&c., ancient, Oriental, and modern, who have issued coins, followed by a cross-reference to the names of the writers who have dealt with the
subject. Naval, military, religious, academical, and purely personal medals are also included in Mr. Minton's exhaustive
Index.
It would, of course, be rash to assumethat in a work of this
kind absolutecompleteness been attained,and it is quite has

possible that omissions might have been supplied, and that many corrections in detail might have been made, if the volumes had been placed in the printer's hands, and if the proofs had beencarefully revised. It is to be regretted that no publisher has been found
willing to undertake the expense printing a bibliography of

of such colossal dimensions, and dealing with a single special branch of science. Mr. Minton has therefore most liberally presented his MS. to the Trustees of the British Museum, where, in the Medal Room, it will be readily accessibleto all
students. B. V. H.
MISCELLANEA.
SAXON COINS POUND NEAKHITCHIN-During the great gale of 1895 a number of elm-trees weie uprooted in the district
ai*ound Hitchin, in some cases pulling up greatmasses earth of

attached to their roots. At a village a few miles to the north of the town somelabourers noticed somecoins among the roots of a tree that they "wereremoving, but as they appeared to be of base metal, no care was taken of them, and it was with difficulty that I was ableto get together four out of the sevencoins which appearto have been found. They are all pennies, three of Burgled and one of ^Blthelred I., and of the usual types. (Ruding, PI. YTI. 1 to 14, and PI. XV. 1 to 4.) The moneyers
of BurgredareEADNOD, EVBHEEE, and LIAFVALD; of
Êthelred 1. BIARNCAH. I believe that I am right in reading EVDHEEE, instead ot the more ordinary GVDHEBE. The penny of JEthelred appearsto be of baser metal than the coins
of Burgred.
Looking at the circumstancesunder which these coins were found, it seems extremely probable that the seven coins are merely a sample, as it were, of a much larger hoard that is still buried at the spot where once the elm-tree stood among the loots of which they were found. But to make any iurther examination, the spot must be identified, and this at present seemsimpossible. I take this opportunity of placing upon record the discovery of four other Saxon coins at no very great distance from HitchiD. Two of these are sceattas of the type Ruding, PL II 27, which were found near Sandy, Beds. The third is of Offa, iound at Ashwell, Herts, moneyer EOBS, Hading, PL IY. 14, and the fourth is of Alfred, found at Shillington, Beds, type of Eudmg, PL XV. 5, with EDVALD MONETA on the
reverse. This seams to be a scarce variety. LATCHMORE.
UNDESCRIBED PENNY KING JOHN.-Some little time ago I OF came into possessionol a short-cross penny, which I was
MISCELLANEA.
249
unable to identify. During a recent visit to the British Museum I showedit to Mr. H. Grueber, who kindly took the trouble to look into the matter for me, and finally confirmed my opinion that it was previously undescnbed. I therefore record it in these pagesas follows, viz. :Obi-.- ftSNBICCVS. . . eCX ; front face with two curls each side, cross above, sceptre to right. En.- WILL6CL ... ON L6CII (Willelm, on Leicester ; in earlier reigns LEII would have stood for Chester, accordingto Montague's revision, but CE or CES appears on Chester coins at this date) ; usual small cross and double pellets in centre. The coin is of the rough Henricus type usually ascribed to King John. The four E's in the lettering are curiously formed, thus fC; the long termination to the central stroke of the E almost gives the appearanceof a double C.
"WlLLOUGHBY GARDNER.
AN UNPUBLISHED COORG MEDAL.-This pewter medal, of which an illustration is gn en, has lately been presented to me
by Henry Tyler, Esq., J P., of Limavaddy,Ireland, who was once in the MadrasArtillery Corps. He procured it in the
Madias Presidency.
The medal very rare. I know of no other specimen It is weighs417 giams, and is two inahesin diameter.
230
In 1834 Kaja ^Tera Bajendra Woodiar,Raja of the small

mountainous principality ot Coorg in Southern India, broke out into rebellion against the paramount power of tbe Honourable East India Company. The Raja is the most cruel character in the pages of Indian history. His country was invaded by four British columns; two were successful,two were not so. It was a short, sharp little campaign,which lasted only from the 2nd to the 10th April, 1834, when the Raja surrendered. He was sent a State prisoner to Benares. He had for children two daughters: one he gave in marriage to Maharaja Jung Bahadur of Nepal, and the other he sent to Her Majesty Queen
Yictoria
army.
to
be made
a Christian
of:
she was
the
Princess
Yictoria of Coorg who married Colonel Campbellot the Madras This medal was given to all his soldiery by the Raja previous
to the commencement of hostilities with the British-Indian
troops. The inscription on it is in Persian. Persian was the diplomatic and Court languagein India at that time. Translated into English it runs thus:" 0! Great God! I your humble servant do send this man to war on the enemy, but in your protection and assistance I alone put my trust. " The punishment of all cowards is necessary." Then below in Canarese is Sri, the name of his Hindu divinity. The Coorg country and the Coorg people are beautiful to a degree.
GEO. G. PEAESE,
General ti.H.A.
A LTTTUB SILVEB COINOFEN NA'SIR, IMAM: SAN'A, OF has

lately come into my possession from the Calvert Sale, and a description of it may be of interest to collectors of Oriental
described figured the Brit. Mm. Catalogue Oriental and in of
coins,as it correctsor completes readingof the specimen the
MISCELLANEA.
25 L
Coins, vol. x., p. 76, No. 364d3 and adds a new mint to the
list : it reads : -
<Ul J,
> J
Size -8 inch. Weight 28 grains.
My coin is in very good preservation, which, judging by the

illustration, is not the case with the Museum specimen, and
reads distinctly thethirdlineofreverse and j\>+ in <X*sr* mint j,

Damar. This town is in Yemen,nearly due south of San"a", and
from the following quotationsfrom Niebuhr and Abulfeda, for

which as well as for the attribution I am indebted to the kind-
ness of Dr. Codrington, it appears to have been a place of some
importance downto the closeof the last century.

From Niebuhr, Description de VArabic, p. 205 : " Le Departement de Macthareb el anes.
*' II est tres fertile
I'lmfon ou Ton ait
en bled et le seul dans le domaine de

bien fournis. II est situe entre
des haras
Sanhdn, anes Jerim.La capitale estjU j Damar, Belldd et en :

grande ville ouverte, situee dans Tine plaine a 12 lienes et demie d'Allem. de Sana. On y voit une grande citadelle
et beaucoup jolies maisons. Mais ce qu'Uy a deplus rede marquable Damar,c'estune universite celebre, a dans laquelle
il y a beaucoup d'etudians, surtout de Zeidites. Ici sont enterres
deux Imams, Om ed Din et Mutdher, de la famille actuellement
r gnante a Kaukebdn"
From Abulfeda,translatedby M. Reinaud, vol. ii., part i.,

p. 123 :
"Dzamar (ou suivantTauteurdu Lobab, Dzimar),appartient

a TYemen,dans le premier chmat. C'est une ville bien connue ; c'est de la que plusieurs auteurs de traditions ont tire leur origine. II est parle de cette ville dans 1'feistoirede TArabie." SAM.SMITH,Junr.
MB. F. W. HASLUCK sends the following descriptionsof Roman denariifoundnear Cambridge, formingpart of the and hoarddescribed Mr. William C. Boyd, supra 119. It will be by p. seenfromthis list that thereare amongstthe coinsthreetypes
NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE.
not mentionedby Mr. Boyd. Theseare distinguished ar by

asterisk.
Elagabalus,
Cohen.
SPEI PERPETYAE
Sev. Alexander.
273
FIDES MILITVM PMTRPV COS II
PP
.
Mamaea.
52 289
Julia
YESTA .0
Gordian III.
81
FELICIT
PMTRP
TEMPOR
mi COS n PP
....
. . .253
72 . 266(2) 296
353
PMTRP Y COS II PP PROYID AYG

YIOTORIA AETERNA ....
Philip Sen. AEQYITAS AYGG* ....

FIDES EXERCITYS NOYVM* ....
8
49
LAET FVNDAT(9)*
SAECYLYM
....
....
72
200
(Hexastyle temple.)
XV.
ON SOME RAEE GEEEK COINS.
(See PlatesXI-XTV.)
I HAVEalready, on three former occasions, given to the Societyan accountof coins,added to my collection,
which, from their interest, beauty, or rarity, it appeared desirahleto bring under the notice of our members. In
this paperI propose continuethat record. to

I commence, as I have before done, with coins in electrum, among which will be found some new and important types in the large and, apparently, not yet exhaustedseriesof Cyzicus.
CYZICUS.
1. Obv-Female head r., wearing necklace with acorn pendant in front, earring, stephane and cornwreath. Hair behind confined by a veil, tied at the back of head and projecting behind, and in front of, neck. Beneath, tunny r. Rev.-Mill-sail incuse, lined.
EL.
246-5grs. [PI. XL 1.]
Thehead,which is not surpassed beautyby any of in the femaleheads the coinsof Cyzicus, probablyof on is Demeter, though it mayequallywell be assigned Kore. to
A figure of Demeter has already occurred on a stater, and was published in the Chronicle, 3rd Series, vol. x.,
VOL. XVII. THIRD SEKIE6. L L
254
PL III. 2. The two dies may be the work of the same engraver, mayalsobe the beautifulheadof Aphrodite as (ElectrumCoinage Cyzicus, II. 11), and that of of PL
Poseidon (/. c., PL I. 5). 2. Obv.-Male figure, which may be bearded, wearing chlamys, restraining horse which he holdsby a r.,
the reins in his right hand. Beneath, tunny r. Rev.-Mill-sail incuse, granulated.
EL.
247-2grs. [PI. XL 3.]
This stater,hitherto,like the last, unpublished, belongs

to the bestperiod of the monetary art of the State, and is
the work of an engraverof high merit. The modelling

and action of the figures are alike admirable,and the composition is equally well balanced and effective. The male figure wears a headdress, madeindistinct by a flaw of the die, which has thin lines projecting from it, and which
doesnot look like a kausia. To the sameflaw may be attributed the appearance the figure having a beard. of If the projectinglines could be interpretedas rays, the design might bethat of Heliosaboutto harness of his one horses,but this can scarcelybe accepted a possible as
explanation of the type. It probably representssomehero connectedwith the legendary history of the place.
3. Obv.-Forepart of winged deer, running, 1.; beneath, tunny L Eev.-Mill-sail incuse, plain.
EL. 247-6grs. [PI. XL 2.]
A ,hectof this stater waspublishedand engravedin

the Ekctrum Coinageof Cysicus,No. 128, PL V. 22, where the animal was wrongly described as a horse,
ON SOME BAKE GREEK COINS.
255
thoughProfessor Gardner thensuggested it wasa had that

deer. There can be no doubt that one of the deer tribe
is represented, apart from the generalform, which is for, sufficientlycharacteristic,there is the appearance a of
short horn in front of the ear.
4. Obv.-Nakedyouth, right, but with body facing,strangling

two serpents, which he grasps in either hand by the head. Beneath, tunny r.
Rev.Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 40-7 grs. [PL XL 4.]
The type is a newone at Oyzicus, though a somewhat similar subject, wherethe two brothers are represented, hasbeen published ElectrumCoinage Cyzicus, 63, in of No.
PL III. 14. The samerepresentationof Herakles and the
serpentsoccurs on the coinage of several places,and notablyon the alliance coinsof Samos, Ephesus, Cnidus,
lasus, and Rhodes,struck after the battle of Cnidus, B.C.
394. Ona beautifulgold staterof Lampsacus, copied no doubtfrom oneof Cyzicus, subjectis treatedin a very the
similar way. The work of the Lampsaceneartist, both in
grouping and modelling,is inferior, however, that of to

the Gyziceneengraver. 5. Olv.-Youthful, beardless, male head wearinga peculiar 1.,
headdress (TnAtov), wreathedwith laurel. Beneath, tunny 1.
Rev.-Mill-sail incuse.
EL,
40-1gis. [PI. XI. 5.]
The headdress is very similar to that on a stater engraved,PI. III. 21, in Ekctr. Coinageof Cyzicus> where
the person whosehead is represented may be identified
256
with Odysseus. The head on this hect cannot, however,
be of the aged wanderingseafarer, canit, with any nor probability, be attributed, unless it be of one of the
Dioskouroi.
6. Olv.-Youthful
Rev.-Mill-sail
male head 1.; hair curled. Behind, tunny

incuse.
downwards.
EL. 41-6grs. [PL XI. 6.] This, a hect of the poorly preservedstater describedin Electr. Coinageof Cyzicus,No. 79, PL III. 32, is in a sufficiently good state to exhibit the features and hair perfectly. It belongs to the earlier coinage of the State, and is of very good workmanship. There is nothing sufficiently characteristic about it to allow of its being
attributed. Another and similar hecte(40*1 grs.) is in

the collection of Dr. Weber.
7. Obv.-Naked, winged, male figure, with apparently the head and back fin of a dolphin, flying 1. He holds a tunny by the tail in the left hand, and a club or some other object, over the shoulder, in the right.
EL.
20-2grs. [PI. XI. 7.]
This twelfth waspublished in JElectr.Coinage Cyzicus, of No. 60, PL III. 11, from a badly struck coin in the British Museum, The present coin, which is in good condition, gives the type much more distinctly, though
the head the objects and nearit are not soclearthat they
can be identified with certainty. The subject is quite
incapable beingexplained. of
ON SOME BARE GREEK COINS.
257
8. Olv.-Harpy, flying left, the wings spreadabove and

below the body. In front of each wing and over-
lying it is a tunny 1.
Key.-Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 20-3 grs. [PI. XI. 8.]
The type of this twelfth is a novel representation a of harpy on the coinage Cyzicus, of though the creatureis
found otherwise and variously treated on staters, hectae,
and twelfths.
9. Obv.-A figure to r., with the head of a hippopotamus, and bird's wings and tail, holding a tunny upright. Or, a winged monster with lion's head and fore-
paw, and a bird's foot and tail, holdinga tunny

upright by the tail. Rev.-Eoughly formed mill-sail incuse.
EL 39-3 grs. [PI. XI. 9.]
This earlyhecte,though a little rubbed,is well enough preserved allow the detailsto be made out with some to degree certainty. The headappears be that of a hipof to popotamus, the breasts projectingbelly are,to me, and and quite apparent. All theseare attributesof the Egyptian deity Thoueris (Ta-urt), and the figure hasa striking resemblance the well-known representations the goddess. to of It may seemunlikely that such a subject should occur on a coin of Cyzicus, but that commercial city was so much in the habit of copying the coins of other states, and using subjects otherwise connected with them, as to make it by no means impossible that an Egyptian deity should be found among its coin types. It may, however, as Mr. Head maintains, be a lionheaded winged monster, and, if so, a subject at present quite inexplicable.
258
10. Obv.-Head of ram L, with a trifid object and a line projecting from it behind; above it, a tunny
Rw.-Mill-sail incuse.
EL. 41-7grs. [PL XI. 10.]

Obv.-Similar head and tunny.
N. 129-6. [PL XL 12.] These two coins, a hecte and a twelfth, have a type hitherto unknown on the Oyzicene coinage, though a ram itself, the forepart of one, and a ram's headjoined to
that of a lion, arealreadyknown. Theprojectionbehind

the head, which would probably have appeared on the twelfth, had not that part of the type been off the jlan, may possibly be a flower.
The twelfth is belowthe normal weight, but it has

been filed down to fit into a ring or someother ornament.
LAMPSA.CUS.
Obv.-Head of Hermes wearingpetasos. L,

Jlev.-Forepart
incuse.
of winged horse r. in shallow square
EL. 16-3 grs. [PL XI. 11.]
This verybeautifulheadof Hermeswas probablycopied

from a somewhatsimilar head on a stater of Cyzicus.
Thegod is hererepresented with short hair, in which respectthe headdiffers from the Cyzicene prototype,as
also it doesin not having the herald-staff as an accom-
paniment. This is not the only instancein which the engraver-artists Lampsacus of copiedthe worksof the diesinkersof Cyzicus, as Cyzicusreproduced types just the
of other Stateson its coinage. As examplesof this practice
ON SOMERARE GREEK COINS.
259
the heads Actaeon Odysseus Herakles of and and strangling the serpents maybe noted.
A coin from the same dies is in the Cab. desMe'dailles,
Paris,oncein the collectionof the late M. "Waddington.

PHOOSEA.
1. Obv.-Bearded head 1.; hair short.

Kev.--Mill-sail incase.
EL.
38-8 grs. [PI. XL 13.]
Though there is no appearance a seal, the place of

where it would have been being off the flan, there can be no doubt the coin is of Phocseaand unpublished. The
head,whichis noblein its expression, and artistically of

fine treatment, cannot be identified. The absenceof a wreath seems to preclude it from being the head of
a deity, andit is of too early a date to be a portrait.

2. Obv.-Lion crouching 1.; above it, a seal to 1. Rev.-Irregularly formed mill-sail incuse.
EL.
39-8grs. [PI. XI. 14.]
This early hecte of Phoesea appearsto be hitherto

unpublished. There is nothing to be remarked about the
type-one not uncommon the coinage manyStates. on of

3. Obi).-Three seals swimming in a circle, and slightly
overlapping each other. Behind the back of two of them is a pellet; the place where there was probably a third is off the flan. At the centre is a similar pellet. Circle of dots.
Bev.-Square incusecontainingirregularraisedmarkings. EL. 39-6 grs. [PL XL 15.]

A remarkable coin of a somewhat debased Phocaic
standard,most probably belongingto Phocsea, though

the incuse is not the usual one. The circle of dots is an
260
uncommon featureupon the early electrumcoinage, but

is found on a half stater of the Milesian standard, which has a floral device on the obverse. (B. M. Cat, Ionia,
No. 2, PL L 2.) This hectS,now first published,was

issued, if we may judge from the style of its work, about
the beginningof the fifth century B.C. Thepositionof

the sealsappearsto suggest revolution, and, equally with the wheel and other similar forms, the type may, perhaps,
be regardedas a sun emblem. Somemight call the

pellets stars, and view the whole arrangement as the sun revolving in the starry vault of heaven.
4. Obv.-Goat kneeling 1. Above, seal 1. Bev.-Irregularly shapedmill-sail incuse.
EL. 39-6grs. [PI. XL 16.] A hecte of Phocsea, identical in every respectwith the coin of Oyzicus of the same denomination,engraved in Plectrum Coinage Cyzicus,PL V., 28, except in having of the seal above,instead of the tunny beneath. Another specimen of the hecte was in the Ivanoff
Collection (SaleCat.,Lot 159=Brandis, p. 396; weight

40 grains).
MILETUS.
Obv.-Lion recumbent to L, the head, with open mouth, turned back, and apparently roaring, placed within an oblong frame, divided into squares by
a series of two thin lines.
JJ^.-Three incuses, the central oblong, the others square, all with cusped edges. The oblong one contains an animal, like a fox. standing 1.; the
four pelletsconnected lines in front of it area by

separate punch mark.
of thin lines,
One square contains a
stag'shead r., the other five pellets, arranged

from the central one in a cross form, by a joining
EL. 212-4grs. [PI. XL 17.]
ON SOME RARE GREEK COINS.
261
An earlystaterof paleelectrum, probablyof Miletus.

A similar coin has been published from the collection of the British Museum in the B. N. Cat., Ionia, PL III. 5,
which* however, the lion in a reversed has position,and placed within a doubleframe,with some looped markings
aboveand behind the lion. M. Babelon (RevueNumismatique, 3rd Ser., vol. xiii., PL VI. 4) has published another stater, quite similar to that now under notice,
from the Cabinet des Medailles, Paris, as well as two tritae and the fourth of a stater of the same issue. In
the British Museum is a half-stater identical in types
with the staterin the samecollection(1.c. PL III. 6).

The attribution to Miletus is confirmed by the type
being the same that used in later times on its silver as

money, where in some instances,however, only the fore-
part of the lion is represented. The stellate object on

the silver coins may possibly be a development of the united pellets on the electrum coin, and with the same significance in each case. It is probable that the whole series of electrum coins, which have the three
incuses,one oblong and two square,on the reverse, were minted at Miletus, as has been suggested M. by Babelon in his very valuable essay," Etudes sur les
Monnaies primitives d'Asie Mineure," in the Revue
Niimismatique.A stater (219grs.) with the same reverse

as the present coin, and with a striated surface on the
obverse, was published by M. Frang. Lenormant(Annuaire la Soei&ti de Franf. deNumismatique, iv., p. 171, vol.
No. 1) from a coin he sawat Smyrna in 1860.
EUBOIO STANDARD.
Obv.-An objectwhich has somewhat the appearance of

of a silphium plant, with what look like animal
forms
VOL. XVII. THIRD
on each side.
SERIES. M M
262
Rev.-Squareincusewith irregular markings, which sug

gest a representation of someform,
EL.
Obv.-Similar.
44-6grs. [PL XI. 18.]
Rev.-Similar.
EL. 44-2grs. [PI. XI. 19.]
Twospecimens, differentdies, a classof elecfrom of

trum coins which have already been described but nevei
interpreted. (SeeHead, " Metrological Notes," Num

Chron., U.S., vol. xv., p. 274 ; B. M. Cat., Coinsof Ionia PL II. 16; Babelon, Revue Numis., 3rd Ser., vol. xii. PL III. 5, 6.)
It is unlikely that the objectrepresented, indeedanj if

special one was attempted, should be a silphium plant
and the coinsprobablybelongto a time before therewai any coinage Gyrene. At the sametime it* is difficul at
to believe that dies should have been executed which i
was not intendedshould have any definite deviceupoi

them* That something more than mere indeterminat< marks was meant to be represented appears to be pro bable on account of the coins presenting a similar device, and yet being struck from different dies. Th< same thing may be said of the markings within th< incuse of the reverse,and were the imagination allowec free play, many forms, animal and otherwise, migh suggestthemselves.
PHOOAIC STANDARD.
1. Oto.-Bifrontal head; male, with animal ears and lonj beard, to r., female to 1. No neck to the heads
Rev.-Square incuse containing markings, which pro

bably are representations of four Swasticas. EL. 19-2 grs. [PI. XL 20.]
ON SOME BAKE GREEK COINS,
263
An interestingandwell-executed archaiccoin,with the heads a Satyr and a Nymph. A similar subject,but of

treated differently, occurs on a hect of Cyzicus (Electr. Coinage Cyzicus, of No. 47, PL II. 25).
2. Obv.-Human thigh, leg, and foot, naked, to r. Eev.-Square incuse, divided into four quarters by two lines crossing each other diagonally.
EL.
10-1 grs. [PL XL 21.]
This very extraordinarycoin, a twenty-fourth of the

Phocaic standard, has not hitherto occurredin eleetrum, though a silver coin of the sametype is known (seerecent acquisitionsof the British Museum,NumismaticChronicle, 3rd Series,vol. x. p. 329, PL XIX. 21). It is impossible to attribute it to any place, or to interpret its meaning, but, together with the silver coin,
it no doubtbelongs some to town on, or nearto, the west

coast of Asia Minor.
3. Obv.-Fore part of horse galloping, to 1.

Bev.-Mill-sail incuse.
EL.
37 grs. [PL XI. 22.]
Thisearlyhectfe, thoughmuchbelowthenormal weight,

is probably of the Phocaic standard. It cannot be
assigned with any certainty to Phocsea, there not being any remains a seal clearlyvisible. Thehorse, of though
not so rudely represented as that on the primitive silver
coins of the ^ZEginetic standard, which have been attributed, though on quite insufficient grounds,to Cyme,is very similar to that on this coin.
The incuse, the mill-sail pattern, though somewhat of irregular in form, might point to Oyzicusor Phocsea as
264
the place of mintage, both of which used the Phocai

standard, and there is some indication of marks behin<
the headwhich maypossiblybe the remains a tunn^ of

or of a seal.
4. Obv.-Bull or cow r., with head turned back.
Eev,-Square incuse,containing markings,which assum<

somewhat of a cross form.
N.
10 grs. [PL XI. 23.]
This pretty little coin, which, on accountof its colour appears to be of gold, is a twenty-fourth of the Phocaic standard. It is noted, but without being figured, bj H. Babelon in RevueNumismatique, 3rd Ser., vol. xiii, p. 41, but is not assignedby him to any place.
A well-known electrum stater of the Milesian standard,
once attributedto Samos, now,togetherwith othei but

staters of the same weight, colour, and incuse of threverse,given, with someprobability, by M. Six, to Chios has upon it the fore-part of a bull, with reverted head, With the exceptionof this twenty-fourth and the statei
just mentioned, do not know of any early gold 01 I electrum coin which hasfor its type a bull, either the whole or in part, with the head in that position. The headand neck of a bull is a common type on the silvei
money of Samos, and Mr. Head (S. M. Cat, Ionia, p. 349,
PI. III. 23) has classed, with a noteof doubt,an but

electrum forty-eighth of the Phocaic standard to thai state. There is, however, no evidence of the use of the
Phocaic standard at Samos, and the two coins-that
under notice and that in the Asia Minor. British Museum referred
now
to
above-must at present remain among the uncertain oi
265
5. Qbv.-Dog, lying curledround,asleep, r. (?) to Eev.-Irregularly shaped incuse. EL. 20 8 grs. [PL XI. 24.] This twelfth of the Phocaic standard, hitherto unpublished, cannot be attributed, though it belongs,no doubt,
to someplaceon the westcoastof Asia Minor. A dog occursin various fashions on the electrum coinage Cyzicus, not in the way hererepresented. of but
6. Obv.-Fibula upon a raised disk. Eev.-Square incuse, containing markings which assume something of the form of a Maltese cross.
EL. 42-2 grs. [PL XI. 25.] A hecte, of the full weight of the Phocaic standard, hitherto unpublished. The type is a most remarkable
and quite novel one among manyand varied subjects the on the large seriesof Greek coins. To what place it belongs, what explanationof it may be given, it is and hard to say. It probably has reference somelegend to
which is now unknown. Had the story of Jason and the loss of his sandalbeen forgotten, the occurrence a sandal of
on the coinsof Larissa wouldhavebeen quiteinexplicable. The beads,large and small, strung on the bow of the fibula, wereon the original dress-fastener probablymade
of bronze, glass, or amber, though the latter material,
commonly used an early time in Italy, wasnot frequent at

in Asia Minor. In the collection of the British Museum
is a fibula, very similar in form to that on the coin, from
Camirus, which has bronzebeadson it. In early times it wasa not unusual thing to offer fibulae the temples, in and it maybe that the hectewas struck as a representa-
266
tive of a fibula and offeredin its place. This does not, however, appear be a very satisfactory to explanation.
7. Obv.-A flower (?) representedby a central pellet and six
others, of different sizes, round
of leaves.
it.
It
is sur-
rounded;by what has somewhat the appearance Rev.-An irregular-shaped incuse, with two raised lines crossing diagonally within it.
EL. 5-3 grs. [PI. XI. 26.]

8. Obv.-A cup-shapedobject. Rev.-Square incuse, with raised markings within it,
EL. 2-3 grs. [PI. XL 27.]
Thetype of both of thesesmall electrum coins,a fortyeighth and ninety-sixth of, apparently, Phocaicstanthe
dard, is not easyof explanation, though that of the first is either a flower or a lion's head,r. Nor can they be classed except to some pkce on the west coast of Asia Minor.
They werefoundtogether the islandof Imbros. in

MILESIAN STANBABD.
1. Obv.-Fore part of lion to 1., with fore-leg outstretched, and open mouth. In front of the mouth are some marks which may be letters, and beyond them undefined markings. Rev*-Oblong incuse, divided into two equalparts.
EL. 36 grs. [PI. XH. 1.] This hecte of the Milesian standard appears be of the to
same issueas the coinsattributedby M. Six to Alyattes,

King of Lydia, in a paper in the Num. Chron.,3rd Ser., vol. x., and described by M. Babelon, Rev. Num., 3rd
Ser.,vol. xiii., p. 317. The letters,if suchthey are, in
ON SOME RAKE GREEK COINS. front of the lion's mouth have been read into
U67
but it would be hazardousto resolve the markings on this

hecte into those letter forms.
2. Obv.- Lion's head to 1.
Sev.- Square incuse, with rounded corners, filled with
irregular markings, EL. 18-2 grs. [PL XII. 2 ]
A twelfth of the Milesian standard,having uponit a

rude representation of a lion's head. Above the head are remains of what may be letters, but they may equally
well be part of a wreath; anotherpart of which, if It be a

wreath, may be seen behind the head.
3. Obv.- Lion's head to r.
Bev. Squareincuse, with rounded corners. -
EL.
61 grs. [PI. XII. 3.]
It is not easy saywith certainty what is the object to represented. On the whole it appearsto be the head of a lion seenin profile to r., the eye and ear being sufficiently apparent, alsoarethe mouth andjaws. as
4. Obv. Lion's headadv.,within a linear square. Rev. Square incuse. -
EL. 8-3grs. [PI. XH 4.]

A twenty-fourth, probably of the same issue as the
stater,219-5grs.,B. M, Cat., Coinsof Ionia,PL 1. 1 ; the trite, 72-7grs., Num. Chron., Ser., 3rd vol. ii., PL YIIL 2, and the hectfe, 35*3grs,, Num. Chron.,3rd Ser.,vol. xiii.,
PI. VII. 10.
268 5. 0^.-Bull's
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. head, adv.
Rev.-Squareincuse, irregularly divided. EL. 10-5grs. [PL XH, 5.]
Thetype is one belongingto Eretria, but as it is very doubtfulif in early times electrum coinswere struck by any placeoutsideAsia Minor, the coin probablybelongs
to sometown on the westernsea-coast that country. of
5. Obv.Eam's head 1.
Rev.-Square incuse, containing irregular markings in

relief.
EL. 36-2grs. [PL XIL 8.]

7. O&i-.-Eam's head r.
Rev.-Irregularly
relief.
shaped incuse, containing markings in
EL. 9-5 grs. [PL XII. 7.]

8. Obv.-Eam's head 1.
Rev.-Square incuse, containing irregular markings.
EL.
32*4grs. [PL XII. 6.]
Theseearly coins of the Milesian standard, two hectae and a twenty-fourth, have upon them the well-known
type of the silver piecesof Cebren,whichareidentified

as belonging to that place, by having upon them the letters KEBP- They have not been engraved before,
though Brandis, p. 389, published the two first from

theseidentical coins. Another (8'8 grs.) is noted in B* M. Cat., Coinsof Ionia, p. 5, No. 17, and M. Six has referred to two, one 66'2 grs., the other 10'2 grs., in his own collec-
tion (Num. Chron*, Ser.,vol. x. p. 47a). 3rd

M. Babelon, in "Etudes sur les Monnaies primitives
269
d'Asie Mineure " (ftev. Numis., 3rd Ser., vol. xiii. p. 29),
is inclined to class these and other similar coins to
Clazomense. He thinks that Cebren, situated, as it was, at a distance from the sea,was not likely to have had an
early electrumcoinage. Someof the coinshe refersto areof the Phocaic standard, mayvery possibly and belong
to Clazomense;but the coins now under notice, as well as the twenty-fourths in the British Museum and the
Bibliothque, of the Milesianstandard. It doesnot are seemprobablethat any place would issue, the same at
time and of the same metal, coins of different standards, unlessthere was,as in the caseof the gold coins attributed
to Croesus, specialreason for such a practice being a adopted. Therewasnothing in the commercial position
of Clazomense to induce the state to use at the same time
two different weight systems in its coinage. It will be
better not to attribute thesecoinsto Cebren any other or

place, but to leave them among the uncertain coins of the western part of Asia Minor. The third, coin is later in date than the other two, and is of much lessthan normal weight.
9. 0fa?.-Fish to r.
Rev.-Square incuse, divided into four parts, each containing irregular markings.
EL. 9-6 grs. [PL XII. 9.] The coin appearsto be a twenty-fourth of the Milesian standard. The fish, probably a tunny, has the fins, which are more in number than they should be, represented by
long, thin tentacles, corresponding their exaggerated in size to that of the eye and tail. The markingswithin the divisionsof the incuse presentmuchthe same appearance as the fins.
VOL, XVII. THIRD SERIES. N N
270
NUMISMATIC CHBOXTCLE.
Had the weight allowedthe coin to be considered of the Phocaicstandard, wouldnaturally havebeenclassed it to Cyzicus, and, though it falls more readily into the Milesian standard,it may be a rather light Phocaic
twenty-fourth.
TABENTUM.
Obv, Head of Hera, wearing stephane, earring and necklace; hair rolled in front and flowing long
behind.
E&v. Taras, naked, seated to front, with head turned to r., holding a distaff in his r. hand and a ball in his 1. Beneath, dolphin. TAPAS-
N.
21-5 grs. [PI. XH. 10.]
A very beautiful coin of about the end of the fourth

century B.C. It is published in Carelli (1850), p. 40, PL CIII. 9, and is noticed by Mr. Arthur J. Evans in the " Horsemenof Tarentum " {Num. Chron.,3rd Series, vol. ix., p. 91). The coin which he describescannot have been in good condition,for the object held by Taras in his left hand is clearly a ball, and not, as Mr. Evans suggests, a wreath. Mr. Evans regards the head as being of Persephone. It is figured also by Dressel,Beschreibung
(Berlin Museum), iii., Pt. 1, Italy, PL X. 161. vol.

The present specimen formerly belonged to Mr. H. Montagu, who publishedit in Num. Chron.,1892, p. 22.
METAPONTUM.
Obv, Female head L, wearing necklace of beads with pendant, and earring. Hair waved over forehead and bound with fillet. In front of face a
cross-headed torch. Eev- Ear of corn with leaf.
A AM MET
A. A.
JR. 124grs. [PL XII 11.]
271
A headquite similar to that of Homonoiaon another didrachm(Brit. Mm. Cat., Italy, p. 244, Ho. 59), and probablyby the same artist. It is catalogued Mionnet, by vol. i., p. 158, No. 553, who givesthe letters as AAA.
On the coin under notice the third letter has the form of
A, the other part of M being merged in the stem of the torch, and after the second A is the bottom of what, no doubt, is T. Two coins figured in Carelli (ed. 1850), PL CLII. 68, 69, have the legend AAMATHPThe head is of Demeter, and makes a seventh head on
the coinageof Metapontum to which the nameis attached, the others being Apollo, Nike, Hygieia, Homonoia,
Leukippos,and Tharragoras, which M. Imhoof-Blumer

suggests may be a surname of Ares, but which would
equallywell suit some Metapontine hero.

CBOTON.
Obv.-Tripod-lebes, with three handles; in field, to r., a crab; to 1., ^ <J> circle in relief, upon which is :
a line of dots.
Rev.-Tripod incuse, the handles in relief; in field, to 1., a dolphin downwards, in relief; to r. <\ > : circle of dots; within, a plain circle.
M.
109-5grs, [PL XIL 12.]
This didrachm, which is muchbelowthe normalweight, possesses peculiarity of having on eachsideonly the the two first letters, <?{>, of the placename. Among the
very large number of coins of Croton describedin Caretti, and among those in the collection of the British Museum,
and in all the salecatalogues have seen, I there is not onewhichhas a smaller number of letters upon it than
the first three.
272
GELA.
Obv.-Fore-part of man-headed bull, swimming r,, wearing a wreath of laurel round the shoulders.
C EAA.
Rev.-Quadrigar., driven by a charioteer, who wears a

long chiton, and holds the reins in both hands. Beyond the horsesis the meta in the form of an
Ionic column. Border of dots.
-5L 252-6grs. [PL XII. 13.]
This tetradrachm,which has the bull very largely,

though somewhat coarsely,treated, and with the unusual
additionof a wreath,is engraved, very inadequately, but in Torremuzsa, Auctu-arium PL II. 4. The peculiar ii.,
treatment of the bull seems to warrant a more accurate
rendering of the coin being given.

LEONTINI.
1. Olv.-Male beardlesshead r., wearing a wreath of laurel, in three rows; the hair is crisply curled in a mass behind. At the back of the head is a spray of laurel, with one leaf and a berry. Border of
dots.
Rev.-Lion's head r.; around are three grains of barley, and beneath,a fish r. V EO N T I N Q N.
SL. 267"grs. [PL XIL 14.] The head of Apollo is here treated in a somewhat unusual manner, and the features and expression are,
perhaps,scarcelycharacteristic the god. The treatof

ment, however, is bold and striking. head is very badly engraved.
2. Obv.-Male beardless head r.a with hair short, wearing a
wreath of laurel in three rows. Behind the head
A coin similar to
this is figured in To*n*emM%%a> PL XXXIX. 3, but the
is an ivy spray. Border of dots.
273
Rev.- Lion's head r., surrounded by three grains of barley,

and beneath a fish r. V E O N Tl N ON.
M.
268-6grs. [PI. XII. 15.]
A coinfirst published Mr. Arthur J. Evansin Num. by

Chron.,3rd Ser. vol. xvi. PL IX. 4. It representsApollo
as youthful, but quite masculine character the face is in ;

well modelled and noble in expression.
The ivy spray in connectionwith Apollo is to be

remarked.
It is reproduced for comparison here with thepreceding

coin.
SYRACUSE.
Obv. Femaleheadr., wearing earring and broad necklace, with a string of pearls upon it. The hair is rolled over the ampyx across the forehead. Around three dolphins r. Rev.- Quadriga 1., driven by charioteer, holding reins in both hands and goad in r. Nike flying 1. and about to crown the horses. In exergue,pistrix 1.
Border of dots.
M.
268-2grs. [PL XII. 16.]
The head on this hitherto unpublishedcoin has an almost masculineappearance, one quite unlike any and other of the very numerous varied representations and of a female headupon the coinsof Syracuse.
ABDEEA.
1. Obv. Griffin,with curledwing, seated the r. fore-paw r.,

raised. In field to 1. a mussel shell. A BAH PI
T EflN. Border of dots.
Rev. Linear quadripartitesquare,around which EPIP Y0 INN Eil. All in shallowsquare incuse. JR. 224-8grs. [PI. XIII. 1.]
274 This
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. tetradrachm of the Asiatic standard and the
following one of the jEginetie standardappear to be

unpublished. The occurrence of the state name on the obverse, together with that of the magistrate on the reverse,is unusual on coins of Abdera of the period to which this belongs,though it is common on those of a
later date and of a different standard.
2. Olv.-Griffin, with pointed wing, rearing I. Border of dots. Rev.-Male figure standing I., wearing chlamys over the shoulders,and holding a patera in his extended
r. hand, and a branch of laurel in the L Shallow
square incuse. EPIAPOAA A OZ (?) M. 188-4grs. [PL XHL 2.]
The figure of Apollo is well designedand modelled,

though there still remain traces of archaic treatment.
Thereis a play of words between subjectof the type the

and the name of the magistrate-an incident which occurs
on other coins of Abdera.
ABNUS,
Obv.-Head of Hermes r., wearing petasos, with an encircling row of beads. Bev.-Groat walking r.; in front a naked child seatedand holding an ivy spray in his r. hand up to the mouth of the goat. AIN I. In square incuse.
JR. 244-9grs. [PL XHL S.] This tetradrachmhas already beenpublishedand figured
from the present coin by Mr. Seltmannin Zeitschrift fur Nwnism., xiv. p.'287. It belongs a periodbetween vol. to
that of the earlier and more frequent coins,which have the
face in profile,and that where the faceis seenin front.

The hair has not the stiffness of the earlier coins and is
ON SOME HARE GREEK COINS.
275
moreflowing,andthe faceis softerin expression of a and

more advanced artistic treatment. The adjunct of the
youthful Dionysos, holding up the ivy to the goat,is very

charming.
DICAEA.
Qlv,-Cow standing r., turning back her head, and scratching herself with the r. hind leg. A tern (the Seaswallow,SternaHirundo) is seatedon
her back. Beneath the dotted line of the exergue
is a itar. Border of dots.
jfotf,-Octopus in shallow square incuse.
-. 266*6grs. [PI. XIII. 4.]
The types thoseof the important stateof Eretria in are

Euboea, one of whose colonies was Dicaea in Chalcidice. The same types occur on a tetradrachm published in the Num. Citron.,3rd Ser. vol. x. PL III. 22, upon which are
foundthe letters IA and a symbol,andwhich, on account

of the letters, has been attributed to Dicaea. The coins
which belongto Eretria itself have the letter E upon

them without any symbol, and it is probable that those
which contain a symbol,in addition to the ordinary

types, belong to the colony and not to the parent state.
MENDE.
Obv>-Mule standingr., on his back a crowpecking ab ano. Beneath, what lookslike anacorn,but may
be a bunch of grapes. In front, traces of letters.
Circle of dots.
Rev. Four triangular-shaped depressions arranged in

cross form.
M.
264-4grs. [PI. XIII. 5.]
Thistetradrachmof the Euboic standardhas uponit the usual type of Mende,but the adjunct, which, on
276
accountof the constant occurrenceof the vine upon the
coinage, probablya grapebunch,appears be hitherto is to

unpublished.
OLYNTHUS.
Obv.-Free horse cantering r. Bev.-Eagle flying, wings spread, holding a serpent in
its beaL ^ A V K. In square incuse. M. 41 grs. [PI.Xni. 6.] This coin is precisely similar, except in the legend, to a coin of Olynthus (British Museum Catalogue,Macedon, p. 87, Kb. 2,^.), on which the type of the mother state, Ghalcisin Eubcea,is presentedby the eagle and serpent, with the addition of the Macedonian horse. It might at first sight be attributed to Chalcis, though it appears to be scarcely likely that the parent state would imitate on its coinagea type used by its colony. It seems probable that it was struck by Olynthus as a memberof a confederation of the towns of Chalcidice,for the general purposes of such a body. It is true that there is no historical
evidence of such a confederation
Perdiccas II induced the towns
before B.C. 433, when

of Chalcidice to unite
under the headshipof Olynthus, and this coin appearsto
be of an earlier date than that. But it is possiblethat before then Olynthus mayhave enjoyed partial hegea
mony over the towns of the peninsula, of which this coin is at present the only record. It may, therefore, be regarded as having been struck at Olynthus for the use of an earlier Ghalcidian confederacy,in the sameway as the fine later coins with the head of Apollo and the lyre as a reverse type, with the legend XAAK1AEQN, were no doubt issued for federal currency, by the league of B.C.392, from the mint of Olynthus.
ON SOMEBARE GREEK COINS.

BISALTJI:.
277
Obv.-Naked male figure, wearing kausia, and carrying two spearsheld horizontally but inclining downwards, standing to r. on the far side of a bridled horse.
On the rump of the horseis placedthe letter CBorder of dots.
Rev.-Shallow square incuse, divided by two crossing lines into four equal square compartments, filled
in with dots.
M. 439-4grs. [PI. SHI. 7.]
Thetypeis a usual oneof the tribe of the Bisaltas, to

which no doubt the octadrachm belongs. The samelocal form of the letter B, which occurs upon the horse,is found
in connection with the name in full on other coins of the
samepeople.
OBBESCIL
Obi).-Naked male figure, wearing kausia, standing to r. betweentwo oxen. His right hand is placed on the rump of the nearest ox, and his extended left hand holds a whip with two thongs. Ojfl 5135
KIO N. Border of dots.
Jfkw.-Shallow square incuse, divided into four equal

square compartments by two crossing lines.
JR. 436-8grs. [PL XHL 8.]

This octadrachm of the Orrescii differs from the usual
type, where the man holds two spears. He here carriesa whip which has two thongs, similar to that held by the charioteer on the tetradrachm of Olynthus, the reverse of
which has a flying eagle upon it. Macedon, 86,fig.) p.

ALEXANDER I. "
(Brit. Mus. Gat^
1, Obv.-Male figure, wearing kausia, chlamys, and boots,

standing r. on the far side of a bridled horse. He carries two spears over his left shoulder, the heads pointing backwards. Border of dots.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. 0 O
278
Jfoj.-Square, divided into fonr compartments, with

frame round it, on which is AAEZAAfAPOAll in square incuse.
JR.402-5grs. [PL XIV. 1.] This octadrachm of Alexander I of Macedon presents
the sametype, with someslight differences, that on as the largercoinsof the Bisaltse, and was probablyissued not long after Alexander added the silver mines once belonging that tribe to his kingdom. to The peculiarpointed terminations hanging belowthe horse, whicharerichly ornamented, bethe endsof the may chlamys, thoughthey scarcely seemto be consistent with that garment. They may as well be part of an article
of dress fastened round the waist and hanging down. The figure appears to wear trousers as well as boots,
though it is difficult to identifyprecisely with what covering the lower part of the bodyis clothed. The coin is of better workmanshipand shows an
advanceupon the art of its prototype, the similar octa-
drachmof the Bisaltse. Thepositionof the spear heads

is a novel one.
2. Obv.-Horseman advancingr., wearing kausiaand chlamys, and carrying two spears, pointed downwards.
Plain border.
Rev.-Fore-part of goat, r., near leg bent. AAE within linear square,in a shallow squareincuse.
M. 202*3grs.
[PL XIV. 2.]
Thistetradrachm AlexanderI, whichis of very good of

work, shows a great advance,in artistic treatment and execution,upon those earlier coins of his which are similar
to the octadrachm just described, where the type is a
ON SOME BABE GBEEK COINS.
279
warrior standingalongside horse. It belongs, doubt, a no to the latter part of his reign, which lastedfrom B.C. 498
to B.C.454. Whatever may have been the types of the earlier issues of his money, it seemsprobable that those
coinswhich haveupon them a horseman, dismounted or mounted, belongto the periodafter he had conquered the
Bisaltaeand absorbedtheir country. In the collection of the late Mr. EL Montagu was a tetradrachm very similar to this, except that it had the
letter A under the horse, and no letters on the reverse.
Since the above accountwaswritten, a coin, apparently from the samedies as the present one, has beenpublished
by M. Babelon the Revue in Numismatique, among coins lately added the collectionof the Cabinetdes to Medailles,
Paris.
CYBENE.
1. Olv.-Silphium plant; in field, r., a silphium seed sprouting ; in field 1., the fore-part of a galloping horse. Rev.-Oblong incuse.
M.
246-5grs. [PI. XIV. 3.]
This tetradrachm of the Euboic standard, which has lost someof its weight through oxidation and bad clean-
ing,belongs the earliest to issue the State. It resembles, of

to someextent, a coin in the Cabinet desMedailles, Paris, describedby Miiller, No. 2 fig., in Num. de VAncienne Afrigue, where the adjuncts on this coin occur in a
reversed position. What is the fore-part of a horse is described Miiller as the root of the silphium. The by horse-for it is certainlythat animaland not a gazelle1is found,either as a whole or in part, on other coinsof
Cyrene. 1 Mr. Headdoesnot agree with me on this point.
280
2. Obv.-Two seeds of silphium, placed on their side, one above the other. In field to r., the fore-part of a boar r.; in field to L, a silphium plant. Eev.-Incuse filled with thin raised lines, crossing each other, and indeterminate markings in relief.
M.
255-8grs. [PI. XIV. 4.]
A tetradrachm of the sameearly period as the last, but
of higher,thoughnot normal,weight.
The boar occurs on other coins of the place. The reverseis very peculiar, and the markings almost suggesta representation of some form or other, but it is impossibleto resolvethem into anything definite.
3. Obv.-Head of Zens Ammon, bearded, to 1., wearing a
wreath
Plain
of laurel.
within
Behind
a circle
the head OEY4>-
circle
of dots.
jfta;.-Silphium plant.
KYPA.
Circle of dots.
JR. 195-6grs. [PI. XIV. 5.]
Thetreatmentof the head uponthis coin of Gyrene is

very similar to that upon severalothers of about the same date, upon which the namesof various magistrates occur.
The presentcoin has the four commencing lettersof the nameof the magistrate 9ev<e/S^s, whose under authority a numberof coinsof variousdenominations, gold and in
silver, were struck.
UNCEBTAIN.
1. Olv-Lion's head and fore-paw r., mouth open and tongue protruding. Eev.-Square incuse, divided diagonally into four parts by two bars, one thicker than the other,- the spacesfilled in with irregular markings.
M. 167-8grs. [PL XIV. 7.]
281
A similar lion's head and fore-paw occurs on the coins of Cnidus, but the standard is a different one. The standard in use for the present coin is the Babylonic
or Persic,one adoptedby the Pamphylian and Cilician towns,asAspendus, Celenderis, Nagidus,Soli, &c.
Mr. Head, Hist. Num., p. 489, under "Ionia," notices
a coin, 167grs., which has,together with the fore-partof a lion, a rough square incusefor the reverse; and in the samework, p. 523 note,writing about a coin, 165 grs., which has on the obversea lion's head and fore-pawL, and on the reverse large squareincuse,divideddiagona
ally by a broad band, says, "
There are certain archaic
statersof the Babylonicstandard, which may possiblybe the earliestcoinsof Onidus, but I do not insist upon the
attribution." It may be remarked that the earliest coins of Cnidus are of the -ffiginetic standard.
2. Ofiv.-Chimaera standing r.
Rev.-Gorgoneion an irregularly shaped in squareincuse. L 30-1 grs. [PL XIV. 6.]
This coin, a triobol of the Attic standard, does not
possess, either of its types,a subject sufficientlydisin

tinctive to admit of its being attributed to any place in Asia Minor, to which country it undoubtedly belongs.
The chimsera is found on an electrum stater, which Mr.
Head, Num. Chron., N.S., vol. xv., PL X. 9, at that time classed provisionally to Zeleia, but which is of quite uncertain origin. The gorgoneion is of by no
meansinfrequent occurrence upon the coinageof Asia

Minor.
282
M. Sis (Num. Ckron., Ser.,vol. x., p. 235, No. 16) 3rd

has noted a similar coin (32 grs.) from the collection of
M. Imhoof-Blumer,
No. 2752.
UNCERTAIN.
and another is in the Paris Cabinet,
3. Obv.-Sphinx seatedr. Jfov.-G-orgoneion in circular incuse.
M. 32-7grs. [PI. XIV. 8.] 4. Obv.-Female head adv., wearing earring with three
pendants. Plain circle. Rev.-Sphinx seated L, wearing polos, necklace, and earring.
M.
11-7grs. [PL XIV. 9.]
Two coins which, like the last, it is impossibleto attribute to any place, but which equally belong to towns
of Asia Minor.
A specimen similar to No. 4 has been publishedby

Dr. Imhoof-Blumer in his Monnaies grecques, 372, p.
No. 74, PL G 14. He attributes it to a Cilician town,
probablyNagidos.
UNCEETAIN.
5. Obv.-Eagle to r., devouring serpent. Bev>- Two oblong incuses, one containing a wheel ? ; the other, head of ox (or stag ?).
Lead. 129grs. [PI. XIV. 10.]

This hitherto unpublished piece bears every mark of
genuineness, is evidentlya leadproof of an electrum and

stater of Asia Minor, of the middle of the sixth century B.C. Though proofs in lead of other early coins have
OX SOME RARE GREEK COINS.
283
occurred, this, so far as I know, is the first example of

one of an electrum coin which has come to light. It would be unsafe to attribute it to any place, though the eagle is the ordinary type of Abydus. An eagle
flying and carryinga serpentoccurson coinsof Chalcis

in Euboea,and of Elis, and of the latter there are coins which have on them an eagle standing and contending with a serpent.
WILLIAM GREENWELL,
XVI.
SOLON'S REFORMOF THE ATTIC STANDARD.
THEpassage whichthe author the *i in of

TloXn-e/a describes changes the effected Solon the by in Athenian weights measures soobscure, it is and is that
smallwonder it hassuffered if muchat the hands comof mentators. Either considerable violence been has done to the text-not alwayswith the effectof producing a
veryintelligible result-or else truthof thestatement the

as it stands been has flatly impugned. Theonlywriters
who,asit seems me, to have approached question the from the right side, M. J. P. Six andProf.Ridgeway.T are
In some respects what follows mayseem bemerely to an
amplification theirviews;but astheyhavenotgone of quitesofar asis possible connecting in extant weights

with the passage question, as my conclusions in and were reached independently their arguments, maybeexof I cusedfor re-openingthe subject. We may take the
passage it stands thesecond as in editionof Blass,2 and

weshall see it is possible makesense thewhole that to of
1 Six in Num.Chron.,1895, 177ff. Ridgeway noteto p. in Sandys' of 'A0.IToX.,p. 40. ed. 3 Mr. F. G. Kenyonhaskindly re-examined papyrus, the and informsmethat he accepts readings Blassasprobably the of in
all essentials correct. He sees no reason to prefer any of the various other emendationsthat have beenproposed.
SOLOESREFORMOF THE ATTIC STANDARD.
285
account, although that sense may sometimes seemto be ratherclumsilyexpressed. 'A0. IIo\. c. 10. *Ei/ pev ovv TO?? vo/jioi? ravra So/re?
6eivat ?>yjfjLoriKa, r?j$vofjioOeffta? *npo Se 7ron^<7a[t] rwv rfy

%[_p"]eS[v a7rd]KOKYiv, /lera ravra rv\v re rwv /Jierpwv KCU
KOL ara6fj,tov r^v TOU KCU yo/ju'oyiaTos1 av^rjaw. err'ixeivov yap iyei/ero ra fjierpa teal nelgw Qe&wvei&v, 07 va rwv KCU p,
\_cr~\ra\_6fJL\ov e/SSoju^/rovra Spa^jua? TCU? eA-aroV. fjv 8' 6 ap%cuo? j(apaKrrjp Se KCU araBpa Trpos T[O] VQ\LIG\UJL pi/as TO TaXaj/TOV dyovcraîced [at repelsp,vaLr!a (rrarypi KOI TO?? In the first place, it is quite clear that there wasa generalincrease the weights all round. Contrary as in this is to all our previous notions, the words camera
andjLte/f are, Lehmann remarked,3 harmony to as has in

with the rest of the passage, and undoubtedly authentic. Apart from this, the repetition of the article before TOV
vo/i/<r/io/ro9 odd,and onemight havebeentemptedto is
suggest re rwv jLter/MV crraOfJiSi/ T{]V KOI (avfyjcnvy KCU

Tr}i/TOW i/o/ju'ffjuaTos (/zet'w<r/). aswe shall see, But such
audacity is not called for. The measures, are told, were made greater than the we Pheidonian, and the mina, which formerly weighed about 70 drachms,wasincreasedto the weight of 100 drachms. Lehmann has shown that the Pheidonian mina, which
wasin usein Athensbefore the reformof Solon,weighed

between606*4and 598 grammes. The drachm of Solon's
new system termsof which the writer expresses (in the

Pheidonian mina) must therefore have been 7^ of this
3 Zur 'A0. IIoX. in Hermes, 1892, p. 580.
VOU XVII. THIRD SERIES. P P
286
weight, i.e.) from 8*66 to 8*54 gnns., and the mina of the samesystem accordingly from 866 to 854 gnns. Thus
we have:
Talent. Weight in grammes. MiTia.. Wt. in gnns. Drachm. Wt. in gnns.
Pheidonian
36384 to 35880
606-4 to 598
6 -064 to 5-98
Solonian
51960 to 51240
866
to 854
8-66 to 8-54
It maybe objected this calculationis based a that on

mis-translation of the phrase aveTd^YipwOrj eKOsrov, TCLLS and that this means " wasmade (without altering its size) to contain 100 (smaller)drachms." That is to say, it was the weight of the drachm and not of the mina that was
altered. But in the first place the word ave7r\i]ptl)6rj,

so far as concerns the size of the thing filled, is colourless. Only the context can determine whether the size
of the thing filled remained sameor not. And here the

the context is distinctly in favour of an increase in the size of the thing filled-indeed, excludes the other possibility. Secondly, if we understand that the weight of the mina wasretained, and the weight of the drachm
lowered, mustunderstand \LVOLrefer to some we ^ to other minathanthe Pheidonian.Here the passage Androtion, of
to which we shall come later, has misled some critics into
supposing that v\pva was the Attic mina of 436'6 gnns., although this was not in use before Solon'stime. As the Pheidonian mina is the only one that can be meant here, and as that already weighed 100 (Pheidonian) drachms, it only remains to admit that the sensemust be: u The mina was increased until its drachm (or -j-J-gpart)
wasequivalentto ^ of the Pheidonian minapreviously

in use*"
SOLON'SREFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD. Next follows : didrachm.*3
287
" The stamped coin in old times was a
Here againa corruptionhasbeensuspected.Theword
%&parxjp,ovy it is objected, a denomination value; the is of word'xapa/crfjp refers ratherto the typeimpressed the on
coin. The use of the word is certainly curious, but I think it maybe defended the light of the well-known in legendon the coin of the ThracianCotys. * The curious legendKOTYOC XAPAKTHP, 'the striking of Cotys/ findsits counterpart the early coinsreadingTOPTYon
NOZ TO PAIMA and ZEY0A KOMMA."4 These
words, which are explained by another legend of Seuthes (ZEY0A APfYPION), mean "struck coin/' pecmia cma. The writer of the 'Afl^j/otW IloXrreia uses
'XapoKT'fjp in opposition the mina, and wishes here to simplyto pointoutthat the largeststruckpiece not was
a tetradrachm, as in his own day, but a didrachm.5 That
is to say,as M. Six has already pointedout/ the drachm

after Solon's reform weighed double as much as it
weighed later; and the stater or didrachm had the weight of the tetradrachm later days. That weight of was, as we know, 17-46grms. The weight of the new
Solordan drachm, according to our calculation on the basis of the (not very accurately ascertained) Pheidonian drachm, was between 8*54 and 8*66 grms.; the
didrachm,therefore, between 17*08 and 17*32 grms. Thecorrespondencesufficientlyclose. "We is may observe in passing,that we maynow calculatebackwards from
* Head, Historia Numorum, p. 243. * If any emendation of the text were called for, o-Tarypfor
ytLpaKrfip recommends itself. But xaPaKT^p9 a as

lectioy is preferable. Num. Ckron.>1895, p. 177.
288
our new fixed point (mina of 873*2 grms.) to the Pheidonian mina (which works out at 611*24 grms.).
But to the evidence thus obtained must be added that
of certain archaic Attic weights, the quotation of which in this connectionis again due to M. Six.7 The style of the inscriptions on theseweights enables us to date them to about the period with which we are concerned. They
are :-
(1) ypicru tepbv $rifi.6cnov 'AOrjvaLw weighing426*6grms.

yielding a mina of 853*26 grms., and a drachm of 8*53 grms. (2) Se/caorar^pov weighing 177'52 grms., yielding a mina of 887 60 grms. , and a drachm of 8*87 grms.
The third and fourth weights described by Pernice
underthis classmay, perhaps,be disregarded, they as

bear no inscription, and their date is only determined by the fact of their having been found in the Perserschutt.
The drachm of 8'87 to 8*53 grammes, the existence of
which is proved by thesetwo weights,is evidently the new Soloniandrachm, about equivalentin weightto the
later didrachm.
We now pass to the last stage of the description. " Solon also made (trade) weights, on the basis of the
coinage,on a scale in which the talent was equal in weightto three-and-sixty the (coinage) of minae. And
these (three extra) minae were spreadover the stater and
the other divisions."
Objection has almost universally been raised to

7Num. Chron. l.c. ; E. Pernice, Briech. Gewichte, pp. 81, 82.
SOLON'S REFORM OF THE ATTIC STANDARD.
289
KCU the ground that no one ever heard of a talent of on 63 minae. Curiously enough, the equally valid (or in-
valid) objection, no oneever heardof a minaof about that

70 drachms,doesnot seemto have occurred to any one in connection with the earlier passage. The writer, as Prof.
Eidgewayhasexplained,8 of course is simply stating the weightof the trade-talentin terms of the coinage-mina, which, having calculated we alreadyknow. To omit it,
the words TpeisKCU would put into the writer's mouth a
pointless truism. Of course, talent included minae the 60

(of its own system). A talent weighing 63 of the Solonian coin minae would
weighbetween 54558and 53802grms.; or,if wecalculate

from the normal weight of the Solonian mina of 873*2
grms.,9 obtainthe weight 55011-6 we grms. The weights in grammes the new scale ffraBfia are,therefore:of of
Normal cal(as culated on basis of later Attic Tnrnfl.)Fheidonian scale, ascertained. as
Highest. Lowest. _Calculated on basis of
Talent
55011-6
54558
53802
Mina ("> talent) of
916*86
909-3
896-7
The weightfor the trade-minathus arrived at is again satisfactorily confirmed a series Attic weights, by of bear-
ing asa symbol astragalos. an These called are (rrarijpes

(of course,not in the monetary sense, as trade-minae), but and weigh from 924-91 down to 883-02 grammes.10
8 In the note to Sandys'edition of the *A0. HoX., p. 40,
9Obtained doublingthe later Attic minaof 4366 by grms.

10Permce,op, cit.9 p. 83 f.
290
[at T] peis JJLVOLTW Kal orariypt a\\o aTaBfJiois meansclearlythat the proportional
parts of three minae were addedto the staters and smaller divisions in order to bring them up to the trade-standard. Thus if x be taken as the value of the Soloniancoin-mina, we obtain the following relations:
Talent. JJfi-no. Stater. Drachm.
Solonian
Coin-
60s
50
100
Solonian63a? Trade- "Q jr/63\ 100\60J 50V60/ x /63\

The trade-weights were,in brief, the coin-weights increasedby five per cent.
The results of this investigationare collected the in following table:
Talent.
Weight in Grammes. System. Calculatedfrom** Highest. Lowest.
Weight i
Highest.
(a) Later Attic Standrotion and others .
dard, to [36384 according An35880 606
Pheidonian
(b) Later Attic Stan-
*A0, IIoX . . f . )
Pheidonian (a)
Solonian
dard, according 36674-4 6 to [

. ,
, .
51960
53256
51240
51195-6
866
Monetary
Extant Weights
887-60
Later Attic Standard .
52380
87
/ Pheidonian (a)
, , , .
54558
53802
909-3
Solonian Weights ) Extant Trade)

'
55494 5298192455011-6
Later Attic Standard .
91
292
According to the well-known passage Androtion of

(Plut. Solon, c. xv.) Solon's monetary reform took the
shape a trick by whichdebtors of wereempowered pay to

back in small drachms debts which had been incurred in
larger drachms. The majority of writers, both ancient and modern, are however agreed that the relief of the debtors took the form of simply writing off their debts
This ffetaa^Beia the changein the weights and and

measureshad, in fact, nothing to do with each other. Androtion's statementhad more weight before the discovery of the new treatise than it has now, when we know
that the weightof the drachmwasincreased, lowered. not

He works on the basis of the drachm of his own time
instead of on that of the doubly heavy drachm introduced
by Solon. His calculations nonethe lessvaluableas are enablingus to fix approximately weight of the prethe
Solonian mina.
The changeof standard,by which the drachmwas

lowered to half its former weight, and the other denomi-
nations altered accordingly,has beenattributed by M. Six11 Hippias,onthestrengthof thepseudoto Aristotelian

SecondBook of the Oeconomwa, where we are told (ii. 4)
that Hippias called in the Athenian coinage,and then instead issuing,as was expected, different 'xapaKTYjp, of a gavethe AtheniansbackTO OUTO apyvpiov. The change introducedby Hippiaswas merelyone of nomenclature,
but it was at the same time a changewhich meant that
Hippias only paid back 50 per cent, of wbat he had

received. G. F. HILL.
11Num. Chron , 1895, p. 178.
XVII.
CARTIMANDUA.
(See PlateXV.) ON November 7th, 1893, a small find of coins and anti-
quitieswasmade Honley, near Huddersfield. Honley at

is about two miles from Castle Hill, and about four miles
acrosscountry from Slack* CastleHill is said to have been occupied the British before the Romans,and by
Slack is the most probable of the many places which have
been identified with the ancient Cambodunum.
The objectsin question were concealed a cavity in

behind a pieceof rock, and were discovered by workmen who were breaking away the rock. The greater part, if not all, of the coins and metal objects are said to have been containedin the hollow bone (No. I.), but as to this point there seems be someuncertainty. However, that to all the objectsformed a single deposit there canbe no doubt.
By the courtesy Mr. William Brooke,of Northgate of

Mount, Honley, on whose estate the find occurred, and who has generously presented to the British Museum
the five British coins which lend the hoard its chief in-
terest, I am able to give a detailed account of all the objects found. They were : -
I. A hollowbone, probablyof an ox, measuring, its in

present much decayed and broken condition, 15 cm. in
length. It wasoriginally, doubtless, quitelarge enough to accommodate the articlesfollowing. all II. A small bronze with hinged lid (PL xv. 7-9), box of a well-known type, but the use of which doesnot
VOL. XVII THIRD SERIES. Q Q
294
KTJMISMATICCHRONICLE.
seem to he absolutely certain. A number may he seen in the British Museum (" Anglo-Roman " Room, TableCaseB, and Bronze Room,Table-Case D). Illustrations of
similar objectsmayalso be found in J. Battely's Antiq.

Rutiqnnae (1745 ed. in OperaPosthuma),p. 129 ; Roach Smith, Antiquities of Richborougk,&c., p. 84, and PL vn.; JRomati London, PL xxxm. 14,15 ; Archceotogia, xxxix.
p. 508; J. E. Price, RomanAntiquities,Mansion House,

1873, PL vin. 16, 17; Jacobi, dasRomerkastellSaalburg, PL LXIX. 10, 11 ;a Friederichs, Kleinere Eunst, 569-579 ;
and Jahrbucher desVereins wnAlterthumsfreunden im Rhein-
lande, (1850), iv., Nos.2,2a, 2b. These xv. PL boxes of are Tarious shapes, square, oval,lozenge-shaped, heart-shaped,
or rather bellows-shaped, and, like the present specimen, circular. Most of them are pierced at the bottom
with three circular holes, and in the side with two
square openings. On the lid they are frequently

enamelled. The present specimenhas a thin plate of silver, pierced with a very graceful design, laid on the lid. The lids of two specimens(of an oval shape,and of bronze)in the British MuseumBronze Room are decorated
in relief with the heads Domitianand Domitia respecof

tively. One of the three specimensdescribed in the Jahrbucherdes Rheinland. Vereins cited above (No. 2b, circular and gilded) bears the heads, confronted, of Bomitian and Domitia. No. 2 in the same publication (circular, and plated with silver) is decorated with an eagle,the wings of which are displayed. These are all distinctively Roman types, but it by no means follows that the boxes servedsomeofficial purpose.
1 For these references, and for much other information in connectionwith this paper, I have to thank Mr, C. H. Bead.
CARTIMANDUA.
295
One view as to the use of these boxes is that they were meant to contain perfumes.2 If so, it is difficult to see
the objectof the two lateral openings. Someof them,

it is said, have been found containing clay. This fact, unless the boxes were buried in a clay soil, would seem in favour of the rival theory, that we have to do with seal-boxes. The linum on which the sealwas impressed
wouldpass throughthe two lateral apertures. The three

holes in the bottom of the box are difficult to explain on
this hypothesis. Mr. A. H. Smith suggests another that

cord attached to the document passedthrough these holes, to relieve the strain on the linum proper. If these are seal-boxes-and this is by no meanscertain -the sealscontainedin them must have hung free. The
documents sealed cannot therefore have been tabula,
which were fastened by a cord lying along a groove in the outer face of the tablet, the seals being placed in a row in this groove, so as to keep down the cord.3 We have rather to imagine clay or wax sealssimilar to the Byzantine leadenbullae. On the whole, the absence literary evidenceas to the of use of hanging seals at this period, the small average size of the boxes,their various shapes, and the existenceof the three holes in the bottom, reminding one of the modern vinaigrette, make it not improbable that the old-fashioned
theory of perfume-boxes be after all the right one. may

The existenceof two lateral holes, however, forms a distinct objectionto this view. They can hardly have served for suspension. The decorationof rings round the edgeis, I believe, a For the references ancientliteratureto the preserving in of
unguents, &c., in boxes, see the lexicons under pyxis.
3 SeeMaunde Thompson, and Lot. PalaBography, 25* 6rk. p.
296
peculiar to this specimen. The conditionof the box is not quiteso goodas the photograph(executed from Mr.
Anderson's drawings) might lead one to suppose; hut no unjustifiable restoration has been made. III. A bronze fibula (PL xv. 6) of the usual type of the first century AJX, still retaining the ring to which the chain was attached. For the method of wearing these fibulae,and the developmentof their form in Britain, see A. J. Evans, On Two Fibula of Celtic Fabric from Aesica,
Archceokgia, pp. 179 ff., and On a VotiveDeposit, lv,,

ibid., p. 401. IV. Two small bronze rings (PL xv. 10), miniatures
of the type of the large rings from PoldenHill, Somersetshire (Archceologia, xiv., PL xxi., No. 5). These rings wereprobably sewnon to a strap or garment, a loopcomingover the shorter part of the circumference
contained between the two projections, and keeping the
ring in position. The larger rings of this sort were probablyused horse-trappings. for
V. Eighteen Roman coins, as follows :(A). SILVEB DENABII.
Babelon. Date, abont
C. Valerius CLf. Flaccus

T. Cloullus . . .
M. Marcius M.J f. L. Valerius Flaccus
II. . ' I. . IL . H.
510, No. 7 360, No. 1 185, No. 8 512, No. 11
B.C.209 119
119 104
(2 specimens)
Q. Minucius Thennus . . L. Appuleius Satnrninus (in fabric ; symbol, torch ; P. Crepusius II. 235, No. 19 90 90
field, M-) . . . L 208,No. 1 C.MariusC.f. Capito(serrate number,CXXIL) . . II. 203, No. 9

. . L 441, No. 1
84
84
L. Procilius(serrate fabric) . II. 386, No. 2

0. lulius Caesar Q. Caepio Brutus . II. 12, No. 12 IL 117, No. 42
79
50 44-42
Nero(SALVS) .
. Cohen,'No, A.D. 314. 54-68
CARTIMANDUA.
297
(B). LABGE BRASS. VESPASIAN. in. COS

No. 531,
(A.D. 71.)
Kw. S.P.Q.R.P.P. OB CIYES SERVATOS. Cohen,

Bw. ROMA. Cohen, No. 419.
(C.) MIDDLE BRASS.

NERO. Rev. VICTORIA AVGVSTL Cohen, No. 349
(readingCLAVD). A.D.54-68. VESPASIAN. COS.IHL

Rev. PAX AVG.
(A.D.72 or 73.)
Cohen,No. 508.
Eev. SECVRITAS AVGVSTL
Cohen, No. 301.
VI. The five British coinsare all of the samescyphate fabric; the obverse (convex side) bears the legend
VOLISIOS in two rows, marked by three parallel lines.
Outside these lines are traces of the wreath-ornament
which is characteristic British coins. This is especially of

clear on No. 5. On the reverse is a rudely-fashioned long-necked horse to the right. In the field, under the tail, is a pellet. The legend occupies the spaceabove,in front of, and below the animal. 1. Obv.VOh[1
Rev. DVM
2. Obv. VOH
above; N in front j OfO below.
Wt. 8-0 grs. (-518 grms.). [PL xv. 2.]
Rev. [D]VM above W in front ; tracesof OV? below. ; Wt. 8-2 grs. (-581grms.). [PL xv. L]
298
3 Olv. VOHI]
Rev. D VM above; obliteratedletter in front ; O \E below.
Wt. 7-0 grs. (-453gnns.). [PI. xv. 3.]
4.Oh. t/l]OL/] [V]O[H]

Eev. DVM above ; N ? in front; ONE below.
Wt. 8-0 grs. ('518 grms.). [PL xv. 4.] 5. Ofo. VOHI]
yior
-Sw. CART above; I in front; [O]\ below. Wt. 8-3 grs. (-537grms.). [PL xv. 5.] As might be expectedfrom the place where these coins were found, which is in the district of the Brigantes, they belong to this tribe. Hitherto, however, none
but gold coins of the Brigantes have come to light;

nor have any been found with Roman coins of later date than A.D.40. I quote from pp. 406, 407 of Sir John
Evans* Coins of the Ancient Britons-" As ... we do not
find any names upon these coins which can in any way be identified with those of Cartismanduaor Venusius, and as the Roman coins found with the British are, as far as we know, of no later date than A.D. 40, it seemsprobable that the coinage of the Brigantes had ceased before A.D. 50, in which year Ostorius put down an insurrection among them." Now, however, the date of the deposit of the hoard (after, but not long after, A.D. 72 or 73), and
thelegend CAETor OAETI of No. 5, enable to'say us

without hesitation that the coinage of the Brigantes
continued to the time of Cartimandua. As usual, the
CARTIMANDUA.
299
increaseof Roman influence caused the coinage of this

tribe to be restricted to silver,4
As to the legendof the obverse (which entirely bears

out Sir John Evans in his reading VOLISIOS on the
gold coins), and that of the reverses Nos. 1-4, it can of only be saidthat thesemust await their explanationin company with the legends previouslyknown. The DVM,
DVMN, DVMNOCO, DVMNOVE of the new coins are
clearly the same word or wordsas thoseon the coinsengravedin Evans, xvii., Nos. 1 ff. The way in which PL the monogrammatic writing of VE persiststhrough all
varieties is noticeable. The fact that while some coins
readDVM1TOVEEO[S] othershaveDVMNOCOVEEOS
seemsto show that a new word begins with the letter V. One is tempted to suggest Venutius or even Vellocatus,
but the forms VEP and VEEOS forbid this.
The history of Cartimandua is well known, but now that she is representedby a coin it may be of interest to recall the main facts of her romantic career. This queen
enjoyeda positionof great power,which wasduepartly to her noble birth and her character, but partly also to the favour in which shewasheld by the Eomans. Her husbandVenutius seems have occupieda decidedly to subordinate position. Cartimandua first appearson the
scenein A.D. 51, when she treacherouslyhanded over to the Eomans the defeatedCaratacus,who had fled to her
for refuge.5 She waswell rewarded her friends,and, by corruptedstill further by the wealth and luxury which
123.
4 SeeLenormant, La Monnaie dans VAntiquitL II., w 122, pp.
5 Tacitus, XII., 36. I have Ann. adopted spelling the the of

namesnow usual in all editions of Tacitus,as opposedto Cartismandua, Venusius, Garactacus,
300
now surrounded her, stooped to an intrigue with her

husband's armour-bearer, Vellocatus. In 69 A.D. she
openly married this man, and elevated him to the throne. Her audacity raised a storm. Venutius, to whose naturally warlike spirit and hatred of the Roman name a more
personalstimuluswasnowappliedby the adulteryof his

queen,stirred up the Britons to revolt; and the defection
of the Brigantesplaced Cartimandua extremeperil. in

She called in the Eomans, who, after a series of battles, succeededin effecting her rescue, although they were obliged to leaveVenutius in possession the throne.6 It of
was not until 71 A.D. that the settlement of the Batavian
revolt allowedthe legate Petilius Cerealis7 give his to

attention to British affairs. He attacked the capital of the Brigantes, and reduceda great part of the district. In 74 A,B.he quitted Britain, leaving behind him a procurator vice prcesidis,but, as his successors Sex. Julius Frontinus and Agricola afterwards found, without having settled the country. Nothing is heard of Cartimandua after her rescue by the Eomans. Tacitus makes the
Caledonian Calgacus 84 A,D alludeto the exploitsof a in

female leader of the Brigantes; but there seemslittle doubt that he means Boadicea,and that the nameBrigantes
is dueto a slip of the historian'spen.8

The date of the deposit is fixed at a few years subse-
quentto 73 A.D. the fact that the four coinsof Vespaby sian are only slightly worn,although they have suffered considerably from corrosion. The British coins are in
fresh condition, and cannot have been in circulation very
long. The hoard was,therefore, probably hiddenduring

* Tac. Hist. m. 45.
7 Tac. Agric. 17. 8 Tac. Agric. 31, and the commentatorson the passage.
CARTIMAOTHJA.
301
the British warsagainstFrontinusor Agricola. The republican denarii are naturally in very poor condition.
A minor interest of the hoard is that it bears out, while
extendingtheir application,the words of Tacitus9 regarding the Germans: "pecuniam probant veteremet
diu notam, serratosbigatosque."
NOTE.-In the supplement his work (p. 588), Sir to

John Evans is inclined to doubt the possibility of at-
tributing the coinsof the classin questionto the Brigantes. " The coins seemto be confined to the southern and
south-eastern of Yorkshire,andI am not aware any part of having been found farther north than Pickering,whichis about eighteenmilesS.S.W. of Whitby. The coins, moreover,seem occurquite as frequently in Lincolnshire as in to Yorkshire." The southern limit of the Brigantes must be set,as Mr. Haverfield kindly informs me, south of Leeds and Huddersfield (see CorpusInscr. Lot. VII., 200, 203),
and possibly well south of that line, if theinscribedpig of lead(C. /. Z., VIL, 1207)is of Derbyshire origin. Of
their territory, the southern was the more important part, the northern uncivilized, and> perhaps, half unin-
habited. Everythingfalls into its place if we suppose

Cartimandua's kingdom to have been centred in South
Yorkshire. Mr. Haverfield also notes that very few

Celtic namesbegin with the syllable CART. The probability of the identification with Cartimandua is thus
slightly increased. It seems, any rate, to be perfectly at

fair, in the present state of our knowledge, to classthe
SouthYorkshire coins to the Brigantes (an extremely

important tribe, which would otherwise be left without
coins), this particular pieceto Queen and Cartimandua.

GL F, HILL.
9 Germ* 5.
VOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. R R
XYIIL
ON THE MINT OF BARNSTAPLE.
AMONG the list that
of hitherto
uncertain which
mint names occurs bears it is one of
of BERDEST.
The coin
Edward the Confessor'spennies,a well-struck piece on which there is no blunder. The coin is of the type
figured by Hawkins, in his Silver Coinsof England,

as No. 222; and by Hildebrand, in his Catalogue, as Type Gr. The second volume of the British Museum Catalogue Saxon Coins also gives the type as No. X. of On the obverse is the King's bust to r. crowned, sceptre
in front, and on the reverse a short cross voided, each
limb terminating in an incurved segment of a circle;
pellet in centre. The type is one of the commonest, if not the commonest,of Edward the Confessor's
coinage. The piece I saw someyears ago was in the possession a gentleman of whosemother, he believed, had obtained in Devonshire;so possibly might have it it been found in that county. The late Mr. Montaguhad a piece the same of description. The reverse inscriptionon both wasÊLFEIEONBEEDEST. Rudinggivesthe name,
but wasunable to attribute it to any place,and since then
an attemptto locatethe placeas Bardney Bardsey or was

tried. In the Sale Catalogue of the fifth portion of Mr.
Montagu'scoins, a penny of Henry I. occurredof the

type figured by Hawkins as 265, with the legend
303
OTERON BEBD[E]ST7L The Cataloguegives it as
BE7CKDEST7V, first TVwascertainly present, but the not

and the letter following D, although probably E was quite illegible. Having had occasion pay a visit to the to
PublicRecord Office, tooktheopportunity asking I of Mr.

Trice Martin, who is anauthorityon topographical names,
if he could tell me where BEEDEST was, and he at once
replied Barnstaple, and turned up a reference me to for an earlypiperoll of Henry II.

In these rolls the name occurs under Devonshire as
Berdestapla, Beardestapla,1 Barnestapla,and it is mentioned in connection with Braunton, the hundred in
which Barnstaple is situated.
Leland2 also mentions
the placeasBerdenestapla.In Lyson'sMagnaBritannia there is a short accountof the town. King Athelstan
took considerableinterest in the place and in the monas-
tery connected it, and it seems have beena fairly with to flourishingtown. King Henry I. is said to haveincorporatedit. It is hardly necessary gointo the subsequent to history of the town,my objectbeingto showthat Berdest
meansBarnstaple, and that the reference in the piperolls is to that town in Devonshire. This is shownby the mention of Braunton. the coins themselves But I think will a careful consideration of show that the Devonshire town
is really their place of mintage. In considering BEBDEST

1 In ancient deeds the name of Barnstaple appears as Barnastapula; and of Bardney, Berdeniga. 2 In his Itinerary, vol. ii., p. 73, Oxon, 1745, he says: " I
think that the old name of the Toune was in the Britanne
Byver, Berdenes, shortly or completelyepoking I think for as Abernesse. Staple is anaddition for a Market.1' It may also
be noted that Berwick is similarly abbreviated from Aberwick
Tonga Abertaw bycause it stode towards the mouth of the
by the removalof the initial A.
304
I must also take notice of those coins reading BAED, BETTED, BEAE, BAEDI, &c., all of which have previously been attributed to Bardney, in Lincolnshire.
The following list is taken from the works before

mentioned:JBthelred II. B2 2ELESIDE
Hildebrand, typeBl -23LFELM MO BEAEDA

0 C 0 Oa
D
, > , , ,
M0
BAED BAEDA BEAD BEAI

BAED
D
A A
Bl
BIEHSGE
BYEHSIE BYEHSIM
EAEI
ON BEAEDAI M-O'BAED
?
Bl Bl B2 B2 C 0 C Od D
E
">
BEAE BEAEDA BAE BAED BAE BAED BEAE > BAED

j>
D E
A 0 Cnut.
HVNIA
HYNIEA PVLl'MÊE
BAEDA
ON BAEDAN MO BEAE
Hildebrand, 1 JT TC^T .A"P "P Lf\

QH E ATA BYEHSIE BYEHSI
0
ON
H
BAED
BEAE
BEA
<*
E Ei E Harold I.
ON BEAEDA BEAEDAS 0 BAEDA H BEA 0 BAED
Hildebrand,type B
Harthacnut. None,
ONN BEA

Edward the Confessor.
305
Hildebrand, type A
a William.
JELFEIE
SEPOED SEPOED
ON BEAED
BEEDEST
Hawkins 241 243
ON BAED
BAEDI
Henry I.
265 OTEE
BEED(E)STA
Thereis, therefore,a fairly large and varied issue from

the mint or mints BAB, to BEEDESTA. Under JEthelred
II there are five distinct moneyersand somevariations in
spelling. Omit accounts three moneyers, for and each of the other kings for one. The coinswith a letter S
in the mint-name cannot possibly be attributed to Bardney, old name which was" Berdeniga." 3 We the for
may,therefore, think, at onceremovethesefrom the I

Lincolnshire mint, and attribute them to Barnstaple.
This will dispose of Cnut's ATA ON BEAEDAS,the

Confessor's coin of ÊTLFEIE ON BEEDEST, and the penny of Henry L struck by OTEE. Another conclusion follows this, viz.: that Ata, ^llfric, and Oter were
Barnstaple moneyers. Ata seems only to havestruck at one place,so that we may considerall his coins as of
Barnstaple., -ZElfric, in the Confessor's time, struck
coins in London, Lydford, Bristol, Canterbury, Exeter,

Gloucester,Gruildford, Chester, Southwark, Stafford, and Thetford. The name seemsto have been a common one,
but the presence Bristol, Exeter, and Lydford show of

clearly that a moneyer of this name was striking in the
south-west district of England. As we place BEBDEST to Barnstaple, seems it reasonable placeBEAED the to by
Beardenie, &c.
3 It wasalsovariously speltBardanig,Bardanie,Beardssnig,
306
samemoneyerto the same place. Oter, in the time of the Williams, wasa Dorchestermoneyer. We must now passto moneyerswho did not place S in
the mint-name. The first is JEthelred's jELfelm. He
spells his mint BEAEDA. He coined at Ilchester, Winchelcombe and Winchester. BEAEDA,therefore,would (?), be more satisfactorily placed to Barnstaple than to Bard-
ney. Thesecond moneyer, who spellsthe nampBEAEDA, is Byrhsige. He, like -ffilfelm, only struck at placesin the west and south-westof England, if Londonbeleft
out; and I think we may do this, as London then, as now, must have contained pretty well all the provincial
names. At any rate, Byrhsige did not strike at any northerntown. Besides spellinghis mint as BEAEDA, he
uses many other variations, both under .JSthelred and
Cnut. We must,however, consider theseasreferring all

to Barnstaple. The moneyers left to which reference must now be
madeare jSCthelred's -331fsige, Hunia, Hunica, probably

the same name, and Pulfmaer; Cnut's and Harold's
JEIfgar, and also the William moneyer, Sepord, Hunia, and Hunica only struck at the oneplace, BAED
or BAEDA; but a moneyer named Hunna struck at Malmesbury. If, therefore, we had to choose between
the two places,probablyBarnstaple would be the correct placeof mintageof Hunica'scoins.

.ZElfsigestruck at Ilchester, Lincoln, London, Waretain, Wilton, and Winchester. The majority of places
are situated in the south-west counties. Lincoln, how-
ever, is very near Bardney. Coins with the name of JElfsige mayhave beenstruck at both mints. -3Slfgar,
however, is not credited with any mintage in the north
country,though London and Southwark occur,but as a
ON THE MINT OF BAKNSTAPLE.
307
set-offagainst these,wehaveWareham. In JEthelred's reign,however, whereno coins BAUDare knownby this of moneyer, find him striking in Aylesbury, if 2EELS we
stands for this place; also at Stamford, Lewes, Winchelcombe,Winchester, Tamworth, Wareham, and London.
Coins bearingthis name,therefore,mayalso have been

struck at two mints.
Seword, William's time, was a moneyerat Winin

chesterand Malmesbury, both towns in the south-westof
England. Oter wasthe Dorchester moneyer, and struck "Paxs" coins for William. In Henry I.'s reign the coin of BEBDESTA, another type of Hawkins, 255, and
reading OTEB. BPIE,are the only coinsI canhear ON".

of bearingthis moneyer's name. From the foregoingonefact is veryclear,viz. : that all the moneyers struck the coinsreferred to here also who
struck at towns in the south-west. Three moneyers,
jjElfric, -ZElfsige, and jElfgar, struck at one town each

in the east or north-east of England, but one out of the three did not strike at BABD during the reign in which
he coined at the eastern town. I think, therefore, we
havesufficient groundsfor assigning fairly considerable a coinageto Barnstaple,beginning, as far as we know,

in JSthelred IL's time, and ending with Henry L If this be the case,we must then remove the mint from
Bardney,unless admit the two moneyers, we -331fgar and JElfsigeas havingcoined both places, unlikely proat an ceeding. I do not know why Bardneywas chosen a as
mint town, unless it was due to the similarity of the
names. We should often be in error, and I suspect frequentlyarein this connection. That GEANT does * not
refer to Grrantham, but to Cambridge, we do know; but if a careful survey were made of the moneyersand mints
308
at which they struck,as given in Hildebrand and the MziseumCatakgue, might find some very curions we
attributions. I believe-we should, as a rule, be much
morecertain of our attributionsof mints to towns,if we

studied the moneyers more in detail and in connection
with their mints. These men seemonly to have been concerned striking the coin, and it is probablethat in
the mints were situated in the towns referred to on the
coins. The moneyers would thereforebe more or less resident, and it is quitelikely, or morethan likely, that well-known local men would be chosen theseposts. for
Such men as YLF, at Lincoln ; OVDGRIM,at York; and AIMER or ITLAIMEE, of London, were local men work-
ing in their own homes. So, probably,werethe hostof

Godwins and later Willelms; but we can only individualise these by a knowledge of where they were at work. Thus, for instance, a Lincoln and Bardney
moneyer the same of nameand date would in all probability be the sameman, whereasit is very unlikely that
the same individual would have struck coins at Lincoln
and Barnstaple. My conclusion,therefore, is that Barn-
staple, not Bardney, the placeof mintage all the and was of
coins reading BAH to BEEDESTA, and that the moneyers
whostruck at this placewerenot the same men whowere minting at the same time in northernand easterntowns,
but men with a common name. L. A. LAWRENCE.
XIX. MEDALS OF CENTENARIANS.
SINCE compilingthe descriptionof Medalsof Centenarians for the Numismatic Chronicle, 1895 (p. 301), the
following additionalones havecometo my notice. They form by no means leastinterestingof the series, the and specimens eachof them arein my own collection. of
BEBNAED LE BOVIER DB FONTENELLE, 1730. IA. Obv.- BEEM DE FONTENELLE. DEir DE L'ACAD.
FE. Draped bust to 1 CUK& F.

Eev.-LES GEACES APOLLON
Signed below, S.
M1NEEYE L'ONT
FORM& Groupof Minerva, Apollo, andthe

Three Graces, similar to that on the reverse of No. 1, but the designis reversed. In the exergue is the date MDCCXXX, with the artist's signature SI. CUR& F. Diameter 2'15 inches; cast; -33.
This is one of the medals of Titon du Tillet's Parnasse
Francois series,but is a variety of that engraved in his
book, Le Parnasse Frangois(Paris, 1732, folio, PL x),

and bearsthe artist's signature. Simon Cure, who died in 1734, wasan engraver and jeweller; he executed the ParnasseFrangois series of medals after models by the sculptor Louis Grarnier. On a cast bronze portrait medalVOL. XVII. THIRD SERIES. S S
310
lion of the poet,Voiture,in my collection, modelledin

similar style to that of the ParnasseFrangoismedals,the signature, L. GrAENIER. F., occurs on the truncation.
SIK MOSES MONTEFIORE, BAST., 1864. IA. Obv.-JUDITS, LADY MONTEFIORE. SIR MOSES MONTEFIORE, BART., KR.S. Their heads jugate to 1. Signed helow, CH. WIENER, 1864. Eev.-Within a wreath of roses, thistles, shamrock, palm, oak, and olive, are Hebrew inscriptionssignifying: " And it came to pass in thosedays, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren,
and lookedon their burdens [Exodus,chap.2, " verse 11]. **Andthey that be wise shallshine
as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness,as the stars for
ever and ever " the ribbon which
[Daniel, chap.12,verse3]. On
binds the wreath are the follow-
ing inscriptions in Hebrew letters:-"
Jerusa-
lem," " Damascus 5600[= A.D. 1840]," " Russia, 5606 [= AJX 1846]," " Rome, 5618[= A.D. 1858]," and " Morocco,5624[= A.D.1864].
Diameter 2*7 inches; struck; -ZE. By the Belgian Medallist, CharlesWiener; who worked in London from 1862 to 1865.
The dates after the namesof places on the reverse of this medal are thoseof the years when Sir MosesMonte-
fiore visitedthem for his philanthropic purposes. The

medal was struck after his return from Morocco in 1864.
For the translation of the inscriptions on the medal I

am indebted to the Rev. Dr. H. Adler.
LOTJISVICTOR BAILLOT, the last French survivor of the
battle of Waterloo.
He was born at Percey, in
the Department Tonne,on 9th April,, 1793. As a of

young man he is said to have appeared almost too
MEDALS OF CENTENARIANS.
311
delicate for a soldier's life, but owing to the needfor more soldiers,he was enrolled for military service,at
eighteen yearsof age,25th November, 1812 (105th regimentof the line). After Waterloo,he waskept
for a short time prisoner at Plymouth, and when he came back received his discharge on account of
(supposed) phthisis of the second degree(discharge signed at Auxerre, 5th November,1816). He is nowliving at Carisey, small town not far from his a birthplace, likewisein the Department Tonne. and of
Like other veterans, he obtained the St. Helena
medal when it was issuedby Napoleon III. (in 1858), and on 29th February, 1896 when nearly 103 years
of age,wasdecorated the President the French by of Republicwith the Gross the Legion of Honour. of Thefollowingmedalis by M. Paul Beville, a pupil
of the sculptor Chapu. . BAILLOT .N . A . PERCEY. YONNE
. LE . 9 . AVKEL . 1793. Profile head with
clothed neck to r. Behind the neck is represented the St. Helena medal. Signed on the
truncation, PAULBEVILLE.
Rev.- Engraved inscription :- "Vioom BAILLOTdernier survivant de Waterloo, d^core de la Legion
d'Honneur le 29 Fevrier 1896.PABIS 5 OOTO-
BEE1896,
PAUL BEVILLE."
Diameter 3*05 inches; cast; M.
BARTHOLOMEW JOHNSON,Scarborough.I am indebted of

to the kindness of Mr. J. E. T. Graham, Town Clerk
of Scarborough, the following noteon this centefor

narian. He was born at Wykeham, near Scarborough, on October 3rd, 1710. Mr. Graham sup-
312
posesthat he was apprenticed to a barber, but is not

certain whether he continued in that business. He
residedin Scarborough to the time of his death, up

which took place on February 7th, 1814, in his 104th year. A tombstone in the churchyard at "Wykeham, where he was buried, bears a long inscription to his memory. Lord Mulgrave commissionedthe artist, J. Jackson, E.A., to paint a portrait of Mr. Bartholomew Johnson, and presented it to the Corporation of Scarborough; this portrait, which was painted from life, now hangs in the
Council Chamber of the town. Mr. Johnson was an
excellent player on the violoncello, and on October 7th, 1811, when he entered on his 102nd year, he was entertained at a dinner by the Freemasons,at the Freemasons' Lodge, Scarborough. On this occasion he took part in a quartette, playing on the
violoncellothe bassof a minuet he had composed someyearsbefore; the other instrumentalparts of whichwerewritten for the occasion the composer by W. Shield. Mr. Grahamwas not awarethat any
medal of Johnson existed.
Obv.-ME.
BARTHOLOMEW
JOHNSON
. AGED
103.
His bust three-quarters facing to 1. He wears small wig and ordinary clothes. Below, in
smaller
BOEOUGH.
letters
:-TO
THE CORPOEATION OF SCAK-
Eev.-HE
WAS A MAN, TAKE HIM FOE ALL IN

ALL . WE SHALL NOT LOOK UPON HIS
LIKE AGAIN.
and oak.
A group of musical instruments,
with an openmusic-book and sprigs of laurel

Diameter 1*65 inches; struck; M*
MEDALS OF CENTENARIANS.
313
The British Museum likewise possesses example, an similar but in copper bronzed. These medalswere probably struck, after his death in 1814, by one of the better
Birminghammedallists the time. The pieceis doubtof

lessdedicatedto the Corporation of Scarborough,because the portrait has been taken by the medallist from the
painting belongingto the Corporation.

F. PARKES WEBER.
XX. ATTRIBUTION
AND
OF MEDALS OF PRIAM, AUGUSTUS,

THE GBEAT, TO A MEDALLIST
ALEXANDEB
OF POPE PAUI^ IIL,

GESATL
POSSIBLY ALESSANDBO
THEterm " PaduansÎs still usedto includenearly all

medals commemorating persons and events of ancient
history, but fabricated Italy during the sixteenthcenin

tury. These were certainly not all the work of Giovanni Gavino, the Paduan. It Is already supposedthat some pieces are the work of Andrea Briosco, called Eiccio,
a predecessor Cavinoat Padua. It is my intention of to showthat the three following pieces my collection In
are the work of a medallist, employedby Pope Paul III., possibly Alessandro Cesati,called II Grrechetto,
1. Obi\-Imaginary head of Priam to right.

BAZIAEVZ. F1PIAMOZ.
Legend,
MEDALSOF PRIAM, AUGUSTUS, AND ALEXANDER. 315 fteVt-View of an ancient fortified town, with galleys in
front of it. Above is the word TPOIA, and
below this, on one of the buildings, is inscribed

the word IAION.
Biam. : 1'35 inches ; cast in pale bronze. Obv.-Head of Augustus to right, with draped shoulders. Legend, OCTAYIVS CAESAE.
'Rev.-Half-draped femalefigure, representingSecurity,

seatedto right, in an easy position, as if slumbering, on an antique chair, the base of which is
adorned with friezes. Shesupportsan upright sceptrewith her left hand. The right arm
rests on the back of her chair, and her head on her right hand. To her left, in front, is a flaming altar, ornamented with reliefs. Near the altar is a torch. Legend, SEGVEITAS
POPVLI EOMANI.
EOMA.
In the exergue,ALMA
Diam.: 1*4 inches ; cast in pale bronze.
3.
Olv.-Helmeted
head
of
Alexander
the
Great
to left.
Legend, AAEHANAPOZ-AlVOZ. ~Rev.-Alexander seated to right, with a captive at his feet, on a triumphal car drawn by four elephants
to right; in front, a triumphal arch,a figureof
316
victory, &c.
AAflOEtZA.
In the
exergue, PEP3E13E
Diam.: 1*35 inches ; cast in pale brdnze.
My two main reasons for attributing these pieces to Grrechetto, at least to a medallist of Pope Paul III, or are the following: (a] The reverse of No. 2 is almost identical with that of two medals of Pope Paul III, described by A. Armand (Les M&dailleurs Italiens, 2nd edition, vol. i., p. 172, No. 8, and vol. iL, p. 168, No. 21), one of which is attributed by Oicognarato Grrechetto (b) : the reverse of No. 1 has a view of a city (Troy), which
recalls the views of Rome and of Tusculum on medals of
Pope Paul III. (Armand, op. cit.y vol. ii, p. 168, Nos. 17 & 19.) That with the view of Home is attributed to Grechetto by Mr. C. F. Keary in his Guide to theItalian Medals, exhibited in the British Museum (1st edition, p. 40, No. 94).
In favour of my attribution of No. 3 there is lessto be said,but the arrangement the exergue of legendon the
reverse and the ornamentation of the triumphal car and
arch remind me very muchof the work on the reverse of No. 2. A small point is that the figure of Alexanderon tbe triumphal car resembles- figure of Alexanderon the
MEDALS PRIAM,AUGUSTUS, ALEXANDER. OF AND 317
Grechetto's only signed medalof Pope Paul III. (Armand,

op. cit.yvol. i., p. 171, No. 4). Alessandro Oesati ("II Greco" or "II Grechetto"),
the gem-engraver medallist,was a native of Cyprus* and

Vasari wrote of him in terms of the highest commendation, and so did CeUini, but it is difficult to believe the story of Michel-Angelo's exaggerated praise,as recorded
by Vasari. On seeingGrechetto's signed medalof Pope Paul III, a specimen which is described Mr. 0. F. of by
Keary1 in the Brit. Mus. Guide to the Italian Medals,
STo. Michel-Angelois said to have declaredthat the 93,

hour for the death of art had arrived, since it was not
possiblethat a better work could be seen. It is possible that these medalsof Priam, &c., may have been executed by Grechettofor Pope Paul III.
P. PARKES WEBER.
1 Keary has, however, by an oversight, described the" medal

as struck instead of cast.
VOL. XVII.
THIRD
SERIES.
T T
MISCELLANEA.
FEENOH ROYALIST MEDALS MADE BY W.
MOSSOP.-To Dr.
W, Frazer's three medals (describedby him in the Num. Chron.,1897,p. 90) I can add the descnption two others of from specimens my own collection. in
1. Obv.-LOmS XYI . ET M . ANTOINETTE . ROI,
ET . REINE . DE . Ff. Busts of the King and Queen jugate to r. Signature in small letters
below, W.M.F.
Rev.-King Louis XYI taking leaveof his family. Inscription above,THE LAST INTEEYIEW A A In exergue, JAN , 20 . 1798. Diameter, 1-5 inches ; struck; white metal.
2. Olv.-LOUIS A XYI A EOI A DE A FEANCE.
The King's bust with bare head in profile to L ; the hair is less flowing than on Mossop's
medalet after Loos (Frazer's No. 1). Signature

below the neck in small letters, w. M.
Em.-Inscription in four lines:-CUNCTIS | ILLE | BONIS [ FLEBILIS | OGCIDIT. Below

branchesof palm. In exergue,JAN . 21 . 1793
MT . 38.
Diameter, 1-15 inches; struck; white metal.
My secondmedalmay be like that which,according Dr. to

Frazer, Mossop evidently intended making; in that case he actually did make it I am not sure that Dr. Frazer is right in considering the
Frenchroyalist medalsby Mossop of extremerarity. His as third medal(that of the Dauphin)was evidentlysold with a
MISCELLANEA.
319
printed explanation of the legends, one of which accompanies the white metal specimen in my own collection. Following is
a copy:"EXPLANATION. OBVEBSE.
Louis
XVII.
Eoi de France.
Louis XVIL
King of France.
REVERSE.
Si tdt qu'il halt un Roi, doit on cesser Vetre ? de
Shall Kings,whenSubjects hate a Monarch's Name,

Eenounce the Sceptres, and their Power disclaim ? " The existenceof such a printed explanation suggests that
these medals were sold in considerable numbers. The fact that
they were,most of them, if not all of them,struck in white

metal, confirms the view that they were struck as "popular"
medals. The events which these medals commemorate were
of generaland absorbing interest, and occurred at a time when cheapmedalets still, to some extent, occupied the place now possess examplein white metal of Dr. Frazer's first medal, an that of Louis XYI, copied by Mossop from Loos' original. The French royalist medalsof the time were naturally mostly issued in foreign countries. I need only refer to the wellknown ones by Kuchler from the Soho Mint at Birmingham, and the equally well-known medalets by Loos and by Stierle
issued in Berlin. F. PARSES WEBER.
heldby illustratednewspapers.I may mentionthat I likewise
MEDAIXION IN PLASTEROP THE RIGHT HON. JOHN BERESFORD
AND WIFE, BARBARA.BY W. MOSSOP.-Thisplaster impresHIS sion of a Medallion, one of "W. Mossop's best works, represents
thebustssuperimposed the Right Honourable of John Beresford,

and his second wife, Barbara, daughter of Sir William Montgomery, a celebrated Irish beauty, popularly known as the
"Arabian Filly"
Why, I know not.
Her husband,after
whom Beresford Place, in Dublin, is named, was second son of the Earl of Tyrone. He represented Waterford in the Irish
Parliament forty-four years,and diedin 1805. During the for greaterpart of that time he was practicallyRuler of the King-
320
dom. of Ireland under successive Viceroys. His wife and her
sisters, Lady Mountjoy and the Marchioness Townshend, of

were painted as the " Three Graces" by Sir Joshua Eeynolds,
and I possess lovely mezzotintportrait of her,taken after a a paintingby Bomney, which wasengravedin the year 1788by
John Jones. This is a fine
texample of the best class of mezzo-
tint engraving, style much practisedby Irish artists. There a

is also in my cabinet a good mezzo portrait of Beresford himself taken from a painting by C. G. Stuart, and engraved in 1790 by H. C. Hodges. I cannot ascertain whether the original Medallion is still preserved, or in whose possessionit is. It was made slightly curved, for the purpose of being inserted on the side of a silver tankard, which was presentedto the Beresfordsby a " Doctor
Achmet,"in acknowledgment money of grantsconferred him on

by the Irish Parliament in support of his **Turkish Baths," through the influence of John Beresford. Aehmet,who was the son of a Dublin tradesman named Reams, after someyears' absence, returned in Turkish costume, and succeeded assuming in the characterof a Turk for a time, until he proposedfor marriage, and, being refused on account of his being a Mohammedan, asserted he was as good an Irishman as any in the kingdom, and, as a consequence, obtained his wife. An amusing account
of his baths and adventures is recorded in "Madden's
Periodical Literature," Vol. H., p. 209. There is a bronze impressionof this medallion in the Collection of the Eoyal Irish Academy, the only example known to me.
From this or from the originalsilver one,a sealing-wax impression was probably made, and the plaster cast taken from it, for it has sometraces remaining of the wax, as it reachedmy cabinet with several other works of Mossop and of his sons.
I consider was made him for his own use. The die has it by
been lost or destroyed, hence the plaster cast has special
interest. W. FKAZER.
INDEX.
Barnataple, the mint of, 302
Abdera, of,273 coins Aberystwith shillings, 152 Aelfwald coins 137 I, of, n, 140 Aelius Caesar, of, coin 59 Aemiliamis, coin of, 85 Aenus, of,274 coin
Aes tignatum, 95 Aethelred I, coin of, 248 , coin of, 120
Beresford,his wife,John, Rt.IHon. 319 medallion of, and Bisaltae, of,277 coin BOYD, 0., Esq., findof RoW. a manDenarii nearCambridge, 119 Brigantes,Ancient, 293 coins the, of 293 British corns,
British Museum,coins acquired by
II, coins 304 of,
and Nero, coin of, 44
the,box Bronze93 (Roman), 293 Bronze rings, late-Celtic, 296 Burgred, of,248 coins Bury St. Edmunds, struck coins
at, 243
C.
Alchred, of,135 coins Alexander of,277 I, coins

under, 196
Alexander Great, the coins Side, of Alexander Great, of, 101 the coin medal 314 of, Alexander Pherae, of, 104 of coin Alexander Zebina, of, 115 coin Alexandria, Egrypt, of,117 coin Amphipolis, of,99 coin Antiochus coins 211 in, of, Ajitioch.ua Enpator, of,213 coins Antonia family,coins 36 of, Antoninus coins 59 Pius, of, Aqnilia of Gappadocia, Severa, of,123_ of, coins coins Archelans
115
Caligula, of, 43 coin Camariiia, of,24 coin Cambridge, found denarii near, 119 Canterbury, struck 239 coins at, Caracalla, of, 72,121 coins Cartimandua, of,293 coin Caulonia, of, 98 coin Centenarians, of, 309 medals Cesati, Alessandro, medallist, 314 Chalcidice, of,100 coin Charles coins 150, I, of, 165
local mints of, 154, 166 IE, coins of, 168 II, coins of, 132
Acistaeus oncoins Rhegitun, Chichester, struck 242 (?) of coins at,

Athens, coin of, 105 Attic Standard, Solon's reform of the, 284
180
Claudius coin of, 43 I,
Augustus, of,40 coins medal 314 of, Aurelianue, of, 129 coins Amelias, of,61,132 coins
B.
Clerk, Major-General G.,CataM. logueof the Coins the Achaean of League, noticed, 246 Cnut, coins 304 of, Commodus, of, 57 coins Constantinopolis, of, 133 coins
ConstantinusI, coins of, 132 n, coins of, 129
Bahrfeldt,M.t Coinage the Eoof man Republic, noticed, 245 Baillot,LouisVictor, medal 311 of, Bardney, mint of, 302 the
Constantins Gallus, coins 129 of, Coorg, medalof, 249 Cornelia family, coinof, 38 CotysII, of Bosporus, of, MS coin
322 Croton, coins of, 12, 271

D.
INDEX. G.
GAKDNEB, WILLOTJGHBY :-
Gyrene, of,220, coins 279 Galba, of,44 coins Cyzicus, of,112, coins 253-258 Gallienus, of,86, coins 132
Decentius, of, 130 coins Demos, on coins Bhegium, the, of Diadumenianus, of, 76 coin Dicaea, of, 22,275 coin Didius Julianus, of,68 coin Diocletianus, coins of, 132 Domitia, of,55 coin
Domitian, coins of, 53
173
Gela,coinof, 98,272
Undescribed Penny of King John, 249
Greta, of, 76,122 coins Globular marks coins, 11,16 on 1, Golgoi,IIL coins of, 82, 125, 252 coins 206 of, Gordian GBANTLBT, F S-A. LORD, :ofA.D. 758-808, 134
On the North Humbrian coinage
DVMNOVE, the legend, 298 E.
Grechetto, the engraver, 316 Greek coins,unpublished, 93, 190,
Eanbald andII, coins 138 I of, 253 Edwardthe Confessor, of, GEBEITWTLL, F.B S :coins CANON, 305 Onsome Greekcoins,253 rare Edward coins 147, VI, of, 162 GRUBBER, F.S.A.:H. A., Elagabalus, of,78,122, coins 252 A Find of coins EastWorat Eleutherna, of, 111 coin lington, 145 A Find of coins at Crediton, 159
Elis, coins of, 106
Elizabeth, coins of, 147, 162
EnNazir,Trnfon Sana, of, of coin

250 Etrascilla, coin of, 83 Enhoic Standard, coins of the, 281
Exeter, coins struck at, 152, 242
F.
Hadrian, coins of, 58 Harold I, coin of, 304 II, 226

HASLTTCK, W. .F.
Koman Denarii found near Cam*
H.
Faustina I, coin of, 132 II, coins of, 64, 132

Fibula on a Greek coin, 265
Heardulf, coins of, 140 Henry I, coin of, 305

II, 235
bridge, 251
found "with British coins, 296 Finds of Coins, Cambridge, 119,

251
,,
ni, 235 Heraclea (Lucania), coin of, 97 Hierapytna, Crete, coin attributed
to, 31
Crediton, 159
East Worlington,
145
G. F., Esq. :Oinoanda, a new mint, 25

Solon's Reform of the Attic
France, 235 Hitchin, 243
Standard, 284 Cartimandua, 293
Honley,
near
Himera, supposed signs of value

,, on coins of, 1 coins of, 1
127 Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, FEAZBR, W. :BR. Three rare medals* W. Mosby
Medallion
Huddersfield, 293 Theodule Pass,
I. Itanus, coin of, 112 James I, coins of, 149, 164 John, coins of, 235, 249
311
Forgery coins, of 226

sop, 90
of Bt.
medal of, 309
J.
Hon.
John
Johnson, Bartholomew, of, medal

Judaea, half-shekelof, 116
Beresford and his Wife, 319
INDEX. Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia family, coin of, 39 Domna, coin of, 72, 121 Maesa,coins of, 123 Mamaea,coins of, 124, 252 Paula, com of, 123 Soaemias, coin of, 123 and Titus, coin of, 52
S23
K.
Kroton, see Croton.
L.
Milesian standard, coins of the, 266 Miletus, coin of, 260 Minton's Numismatic Biography noticed, 246 Miscellanea, 90, 248, 318 MONTAGU, F.S.A., the late :H., *' Rare and unpublished Roman 35 Montefiore, Sir Moses, medal of,
310
GoldCoins my Collection," in
Lacedaemon, of, 107 coin

LAMBROS,M. J. P. :-
Mossop, medals 90 by,

N.
"On a Com of Hierapytna, in
Crete hitherto wrongly attributed," 31 Lampsacus,of,258 coin LATCHMOBE, F.:Saxon found Hitchin, coins near 248 Late-Celtic rings, bronze 296 Laus(Lucania), of,97 com LAWRENCE, William I and L. A.:On some coins of
On a hoard of short-cross pennies, 235
Nabis, of,107 coin Nero, coins 296, of, 297 Nero Agrippina, of,44 and coin Nerva, coins of, 56, 132 Nicopolis, of, 104 coin Northampton, struck 242 coins at, NorthHumbnan coinage A.D. of 758-808, 134 Norwich, struck 242 coins at,
O.
Octa-nus, coin of, 40
II, 226
302
On the mint
of Barnstaple,
Odessns, coin of, 101

Oiuoanda, mint of, 25
Leicester,coin struck at, 249 Leontini, coin of, 19, 272

Lesbos, com of, 114 Lincoln, coins struck at, 242
Olynthus, coin of, 276 Orrescii, coin of the, 277

Oared II, coins of, 139 Otacilia Severa, coins of, 125
Litra, the weight of the, 3 London, coins struck at, 241

Louis XVI, medals of, 90, 318
Otho, coins of, 45, 244 Oxford, cornsstruck at, 244 P.
LuciUa, coin of, 66
LVTRON, supposed reading, 9 M.

Macrimis, coins of, 122
n-A, coin reading, 30 PantLcapaeum, coin of, 103 Parthia, of, 116 coin
PEARSB,G. G. "-
Magas of Cyrene,corns of, 220 Magnentius, coin of, 129 Magnates,coin of, 103 Mallus, coin of, 21
Marie Antoinette, coin of, 131 medals of, 91,
Unpublished Coorg Medal, 249 Pescennius Niger, com of, 68 Petronia, family coins of, 39 Philip the Elder, cornsof, 82, 125,
252
318 Massilia, Gaulish imitation
of
Philip H, coins of, 126 Philip and Mary, coins of, 160,
162
Marcus Aurelius, coins of, 61, 132 Maximinus I, coins of, 124, 132 Media, regal coins of, 217 Mende, coin of, 275 Messanaand Croton, coin of, 13 Metapontunij coin of, 270
Phocaea, coins of, 259 Phocaic standard, coins of the. 262 Phocis, coin of, 105 Priam, medal of, 314 Probus, coins of, 129
324 B.
INDEX. Titus, coins of, 50 Trajan, coins of, 56 U.

Uncertain Greek coins, 280 Uranius Antoninus, coins of, Urbs Boma, com of, 133
V,
Bhegium, coinsof, 173 Bichard I, coins of, 235 Boman family coins found with
those of the Brigantes, 296
Rome, quadransof, 131

Bula, coins struck at, 242
S.
SaUustia Barbia Orbiana, of, coin 124 Saloninus, of,89 coins Sardes, of, 190 eoins
Yalens, coin of, 133
Selinus,E. of,19 coinJ..s,
Valentmian coinof,133 II, Valerian, of, 86 coins Venutius, history 298 the of, Verus, coins 64 of,
Vespasian, of,47, coins 297

Victorinus,
The type kno-wnas "The De-
coinsHimera, of 1 Vitellius, Lucius, of,46 coin VOLISIOS, the legend, 297 mos"on coins Bhegium,Volusianus, of,14 of coins 173
W.
VitelHus, coins of, 46
coin of, 132
Septindua Severus, eoins of, 69,

121, 132
Severus Alexander, of, 78, WEBER, centenarians, :coins F.PABXES, 30 M.D. Medals of
123, 252
Short-crosspennies,235
Attribution
of Medals
of I
Side, of,194 coins

S>n/i'.j3.j jon 'S.,
Sis, J. P. :Monnaies grecqnes inedites incertaines, 190
Augustus, Alexandt and

et Paul HI, possiblyAless Medalsby W. Mossop,318
Great, a Medallist to oi Cesati, 314
Silver of EnNasir, coin 250 Weights, Attic, 284 Solon'sReform the Attic Stan- WHTMPEE, :of E. dard, 284 DiscoveryBoman < of coins snnimit of the Theodule
Syracuse,coins of, 99, 273
T. 127
William I and II, coins of, 2
Tarentnm, coins 18, 96,270 of, Tenedos, of, 113 coin Terina,com 98 of, Tenaessos, of, 26 coins
William the Lion, coin of, 2*
Theodosius, of, 133 coin
Thasos,coin of, 102
Winchester, coinsstruck i at, WROTH, WARWICK, F.S.A.:G-reekcoins acquired b; BritishMuseum 1896) in

York, coins struck at, 243 Yorkshire, Ancient British found in, 293
Theodule Pass, coins found on the, 127 Tiberius, coins of, 42
Y,
JVum.aren.Ser://!.
M.M/.fU.
/R
O I N O A N DA
/E
/E
TERM
ESSOS
MINOR
TERMESSOS
MAJOR
OR
MINOR
10
TERMESSOS
MAJOR
OINOANDA, TERMESSOSMAJOR & MINOR,
.IM.PLII.
ROMAN MONTAGU
GOLD
COINS
COLLECTION.
ACQUISITIONS THE BRITISHMUSEUMIN 1896. OF
,. Ser.ffl. Vol.XVH.PUV.
ACQUISITIONS THE BRITISHMUSEUMIN 1896. OF
Num,.Chjvn>. Ser.lll. Vol.XVll.Pl, V.
ACQUISITIONSTHE BRITISHMUSEUMIN 1896. OF
ACQUISITIONSTHE BRITISH OF MUSE
Num. Ckrojv. SerM VoL
NORTH-HUMBRIAN
COINAGE
A. D.758-808.
Jfum,.Own,. Ser.ffl.JblJfflJZ.
WII.
COINS
OF
RHEGFUM.
Num. Chron. SerJff. VolIVJLPl.IK.
MONNAIES GRECQUES INEDITES ET INCERTAINES.
Mars,.Own,. Ser.lff. Vol.Ml.Pl.I.

rf^J^Sdd^V
COINS
OF
HAROLD
II & WILLIAM
I & II.
,. Ser.HI.
El
El
El
10
El
El
El
El
y;.,%.,
1*
15
El
20
21
El
22
23
El
El
24
25
26
27
El
FROM THE
El
GREENWELL
EL
COLLECTION.
El
FROM THE
GREENWELL
COLLECTION.
Jfwn, Ckwn,. Serin. VoLWll.PLM.
FROM
THE
GREENWELL
COLLECTION.
ûm..Ckron,. Ser/JJ,VoL.Wll.PLIIV.
/R
/R
FROM THE GREENWELL
COLLECTION.
"QNtd
A31N10H
JET
PBOCEEDIFGS
OF
THE
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
SESSION
1896-1897.
OCTOBEB 15, 1896.
BIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.G.L., LL.D., SeJX, Treas.E.S., Y.P.S.A., F.G.S., President, In the Chair.
table :-
followingpresents were announced and laid upon the '

..
1. Bulletin de Numismatique. May- July, and September,

1896.
2. Memorials of Edward Jenner, By Dr. H. R. Storer.

From the Author.
3. Un Denier inedit de Pepin le bref. By the Vicomte B. de Jonghe. From the Author.
4. Aarboger nordiskOldkyndighed Historie. Heft 2. for og

1896.
5. Eevue suisse de Numismatique,tome vi .liv. 1. 6. Medaillier de la Soeietearcheologiquede Montpellier. By

E. Bonnet.
Vol. vi
From the Author.

Part II.
7. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 8. Umberto Rossi. In memoriam. By S. Ambrosoli. From
the Author,
9. Revue Numismatique. Parts II, III, 1896.

." '
'
"ti
'
'
".
'
"
.,
" " ' ".
'"
".
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
10. Annnaire de la Societe francaise de Numismatique. May-August, 1896. 11. Eivista Italiana di Numismatica. Part II, 1896.
12. Jahrbucher Rheinlande. des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Part XCIX.
13. Administration Report of the

Museum, 1895-6.
Madras Government
14. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de la Morinie. Parts CLXXVII-CLXXVin, and Memoires, Tome
xxiii. 15. Viand 16. Journal VEL Monatsblatt der nmnismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien. of the Institute of Bankers. VoL xvii. Parts
Nos. 154-158. 17, Deutsche Zeitschrift for Geschichtswissenschaft. Nos. 1
and 2, 1896. 18. Yetulonia. By G. Sordini. From the Author. 19. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Volxvi. No.l
20. Journal of Hellenic Studies.
Vol. xvi.
Part I.
21. Archaeologia Aeliana. Part XLVHL 22. Bulletins de la Societedes Antiquaires de 1'Quest. Parti,
1896.
28. Revuebeige de Numismatique. Parts IH and IV, 1896.

24. Numismatische Zeitschrift. Bd. xxvii.
25. Proceedings the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. iii, No. of 5, and Transactions. Vol. xxx. Parts XVIII-XX. 26. La Gazette Numismatique. No. 1. Mr. H. W. Thorburn was elected and Col. W. J. Masseyand Mr. EL Thompson were proposed as members. The Presidentexhibited a castof a rare bronze coinof Yerulam, of the type of Evans, " Coins of the Ancient Britons," SuppL, pi. xxi. 7, of the time of Tasciovanus,lately picked up on the seashoreat Ostend, and now in the Royal Cabinet of Medals
at Brussels.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited pennies of Aethelstan, of East
Anglia, with ANG in monogram on- the obverse,and of Henry L (type as Hawkins 266) reading THVBED ON
LVNDONE.
Dr. Codringtonexhibited dollar of the Mahdi,Muhammad a Ahmad, struck in 1884, and three silver coins of Sayid
Abdullah, the Khalif of the Mahdi, struck between 1886 and 1890 at Omdurman. The first dollars struck by the Mahdi contained, accordingto Slatin Pasha,sevenparts of silver to one of copper, whereasthe last dollar coined by the Khalif about
a year agois composed two parts of silver to five of copper. of

Mr. Prevost exhibited a bronze medal commemorating the foundation of the MnseeFabre at Montpellier. Mr. E. J. Seltmann contributed a paper on supposed marks of value on early coins of Himera. The letters V V, which are
frequentlymet with on archaicdrachms Himera of .ZEginetic of weight,and which SignerGabricihasrecentlyinterpretedas 5 Litrse,Mr. Seltmann thoughtbore an entirelydifferent meaning. He proposed read them as the initial letters of the word to Avrpovsignifying a price paid, or expiatory offering. (See
'Num. Chron., vol. xvii, p. 1).
Dr. B. V. Head concurredwith Mr. Seltmannin rejecting (mainlyon metrological grounds) Gabrici's explanation, Sir and J. Evanspointed the chief objectionsto the acceptance out of'
Mr. Seltmann's hypothesis.
NOVBMBEB 1896. 19, SIB JOHNEVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The followingpresentswere announced and laid upon the

table:-
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1. Eivista italiana di Numismatica.
Part III. Vol. xvii.
1896. Part VHL
2. Journal of the Institute of Bankers.

Vol. vi. Part IH.
3. Journal of the Koyal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 4. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. Part in, 1896. 5. Un Esterlin au type anglais frappe par Renard de Schonau
et quatre monnaies ineditesoupen connuesde Heerenberg et

de Stevensweerd. By the Viconate B. de Jonghe. From the
Author.
6. Monatsblatt
No. 159.
der Numismatischen
Gesellschaft
in Wien.
Lieut.-Col.W. J. Massey Mr. H. Thompson and were elected

Members. The President exhibited a bronze medallion of the fourth
century, havingwithin a wreath a maleand a female bust, face

to face, possibly of a Eoman Emperor and Empress; around
was inscribed VIVATIS. The President also exhibited a millen-
nium krone of Hungary.

Mr. Pxevost exhibited a bronze medal struck on the visit of
QueenVictoria and Prince Albert to Paris in 1855. Mr. G. F. Hill read a paper *' On Oinoanda, a New Greek Mint," describing a unique silver stater of about B.G.200, bearing the head of Zeus with a sceptre on the obverse and an eagle on a thunderbolt on the reverse. On the evidenceof this coin a seriesof bronze pieces, formerly attributed to Termessos
in Pisidia,may now with much probability be transferredto

TermessosMinor in Lycia, to which some coins have already been attributed by Dr. Imhoof-Blumer. SeeNum. Ghron. vol. xvii, p. 25. Mr. Grueber gave an account of a large hoard of silver coins
found in July of last year at EastWorlington,North Devon.

The coins, which numbered in all 5,396, consisted of shillings and sixpencesof Edward VI, Elizabeth, James I, and Charles I,
and also one crown and manyhalf-crownsof the last king.
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
The only local mints of CharlesI represented the hoard in

were those of Aberystwith and Exeter. Mr. Grueber placed the burial of the hoard at early in 1646. The paper is printed in the Num. Chron.,vol. xvii. p. 145.
DECEMBEE17, 1896.
0. CODEINGTON, MJX, Treasurer, in the Chair. ESQ., The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table:-
1. Bulletin historique de la Soeiete des Antiquaires de la

Morinie. Part CLXXTX.

4. Monatsbericht der Numismatischen
Yol. xvii.
Gesellschaft
Part IS.
in Wien.
3. Bulletin de Numismatique. November, 1896. Nos. 160, 161. 5. Illustrations of tin coins current in some Malay States.
From the Colonial Office.
Mr. G-. B. Bleazby, Mr. A. L. Stride, and Kumvar Kushal Pal Sinha, Eais of Kotla, were elected Members. Mr. E. A. Hoblyn exhibited a Wolsey.groat of the second coinage of Henry VIII, with the cardinal's hat, but without
the initials *' T. W.'*; and alsoa groatof fine silver of Mary,
countermarkedwith a portcullis.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence reada paperon some supposed forgeries

of coins of Harold II and William I and II. The coins in
question bear the mint-names of Lewes, Lincoln, and Win-
chester, and from their types show an interchangeof dies. From this circumstance, also on accountof certainpecuand
liarities as to spelling of the moneyers' names, Mr. Lawrence
argued that all the coins were forgeries. SeeNum. Chron.,

vol. xvii, p. 226.
PROCEEDINGS
OF
THE
JANTJABY 1897. 21, SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair. The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :-
1. Journal of the Institute
of Bankers.
Vol. xviiL
Part I.
2, Annuaire de la Societefrancaise de Numismatique. Nov.Dec., 1896. 3. Bevue beige de Numismatique. Part I, 1897. 4. Bevue Numismatique. Part IV, 1896. 5, Proceedingsof the Society of Antiquaries of London. 6. Supplementto Thomas's Pathan Kings of Delhi. Part VI. By 0. J. Bodgers. From the Author. Mr. B. Day, F.S.A., was elected a Member. The Bev. B. Baron von Hube exhibited two gold and one silver British coins attributed to the Bemi and the Iceni, and also a two-third ryal of Mary, Queenof Scots, dated 1567, and
counterstruck with a thistle.
Mr. J. E. Pritchardexhibited Dutch (?)medalet, a havingon

one side a bishop enthroned and the legend, " Hoc opus est Dei," followed by a harp, and on the other the inscription,
11 Annuciatio(sic)Beatae Virgmis, 1640."

Mr* T. Beady exhibited a copper coin of Mallus, in Cilicia, having on the reverse a seated figure of the city, with rivergods at her feet; the legend was MAA IEP TOY EOY AMfclAOXOr, and the date ET. AHO (=281). Mr. B. A. Hoblyn exhibited a new rupee struck for Bikanir. Mr. F. Latchmore gave an account of four coins of Burgred,
recently found near Hitchin, and also described two silver

sceattasand two pennies of OfFa and Alfred which had been unearthed some little time ago in the same locality. Num. Chron., vol. xvii, p. 248. Mr* L. A. Lawrence read a paper on a hoard of short-cross pennies of Henry II, Bichaid I, John, and Henry III, found
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
in France." Thoughthe coins presentedno new varieties, exceptone,struck at Canterbury,bearingthe moneyer's name, " ROBERT yet the hoard wasof considerable vi," importance, as it conformed everyrespectto the classification the coins in of of thosereignswhich had been proposedin 1865 by Sir John
Evans. SeeNum. Chron., vol. xvii., p. 245. Mr. G-rueber read a paper on the recent find of coins made at Crediton, in Devonshire. The coins, which were found in the
ceiling of a room abovethe vestry of CreditonChurch,were

1,885 in number, and consisted of shillings and sixpencesof Edward VI, Philip and Mary, and Elizabeth, half-crowns,
shillings,and sixpences James I and Charles and similar of I, coins, including some crownsof Charles II. The coinswere
all much worn, except quite the later pieces, and presented
no new varieties of those described in Hawkins's " Silver
Coinage." Amongst coinsof provincialmints struck during the

the reign of Charles I, there were some interesting pieces of Bristol, Oxford, Shrewsbury, and Weymouth. The concealment of the hoard must have taken place about 1685, as the latest piece-a shilling of Charles II-is dated 1683, and its fine condition proved that it had been but little in circulation. SeeNum. Chron., vol. xvii, p. 159.
FEBRUARY18, 1897.
SIB JOHN EVANS, E.C B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the

table:-
1. Proceedings the Royal Irish Academy. Vol iv. No. 1. of

2. Journal of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. Part IL
8. Poreningentil norske Fortidsmindes-merkers Bevariug.

Aarsberetning. 1895,
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
4. StavangerDomkirke.
5. Kivista italiana
By M. Nieslayen.
Part IV. 1896.
di Numismatica.
6. 750 Inscriptions de Pierres gravees inedites. By E. Le

BJant.
7. Catalogueof the Greek Coins in the British Museum" Caria and Islands" By Barclay V. Head. From the Trustees of the British Museum.
8. Monnaies de Reckheim, and Sceau-matrice du Couvent
Het Beslottenhof. From the Author, Vicomte B. de Jonghe. 9. Yocaholarietto pei Numismatici. By S. Ambrosoh. From
the Author.
10. Catalogueof Coins in the Calcutta Museum. Parts HI and IV. By C. J. Bodgers. 11, Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'OuesL Part
in. 1896.
12. Bulletin de Numismatique. Jan.-Feb., 1897.

Mr. H. W. Lawrence, Mr. F. Bowcher, and Mr. A. Trice
Martin were elected Members.
Mr. E. Day, F.S.A., exhibited a silver-gilt oval badgeof

Prince Charles Edward, with his bust three-quarters to left This badge appearsto be a cast reproduction of a repousse*e plaque. Mr. T. Ready exhibited a plaster cast of a quarter-stater of Cyzicus in the Bibliotheque Rationale, Paris, similar in type to that exhibited by him on November 19th last, the authenticity of which had been questioned. Mr. Ready was of opinion that the Paris coin proved the genuinenessof his coin. He also exhibited an unpublished bronze coin of the Empress Tranquillina struck at Tarsus, with the name of the city on the reverse, and a representation of the Cabin standing on a
galley and holding up a sort of arch, beneathwhich is a pyramidalbuildingenclosing figure of the god Sandanstanda
ing on a lion. Mr, L. A. Lawrence exhibited a plated half-crown of James I, and a copperpenny of the Transvaal Republic bearing
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
the bust of President Kniger, of which only forty specimens

are said to have been struck. Mr. A. Prevost exhibited two vaccination medals: one Dutch,
dated 1809, was struck for presentation to local doctors ; the other, French, dated 1814, for presentation to Chefs de Service of the Paris hospitals. Lord Grantley read a paper " On the Styca Coinageof Northumbria, from A.D. 758 to A.D. 808." Besides giving a general view of the coinage of that period, he called special attention to a few coins, most of which were unpublished. Amongst thesewas a styca of Elfwald I, with the name of the moneyer
instead of an animal on the reverse. This coin is of consider-
able importance, as it shows the earliest occurrence of a moneyer's name in the Northumbrian series. He also described several unpublished stycas of Elfwald II, formerly in the Bateman Collection, with the moneyer's name, Eadwine. The paper will be found in Num. Chron. vol. xvii, p. 134.
MARCH 18, 1897. SIR JOHNEVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the

table :-
1. Bulletinsde la SocietedesAntiquairesde 1'Ouest. Part

m. 1896.
2. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquairesde la

Morinie. Part IV. 1896. of Bankers. Yol. xviii. Part ILL Gesellschaft in Wien. der Numismatischen 3. Journal of the Institute 4. Monatsblatt
Nos. 163 and 164, 1897,
10
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
5. Kong. Vitterhets Historie och Antiquitats Akademiens

Manadsblad. 1892.
6. Pubhcations de la Section historique da 1'Institnt grandducal de Luxembourg. Yol. xv. 7. Solvfundet fra Horr. By G. Gustafsen. From the
Author.
Mr. H. 0. O'Eaganand Mr. W. S. Talbot were elected

Members.
Mr. W. T. Eeady exhibited a very rare archaic drachm of the town of Salybria, on the European coast of the Propontis ; also a counter, dated 1648, struck in the name of Charles II, and consequentlywithin two months after the execution of his father; oh. ADMITT - NOE . PARTNERS . 1648; three crowns; C. R. H. beneath. Rev. PERFEGI . 1648; Cupid holding wreath and bow; in field to left, tree stump with offshoot; to right a shrub, from which hangs a quiver. Mr. R A. Hoblyn exhibited a series of the " Yoce Populi" halfpennies and farthings coined in Ireland shortly before
1760. Mr. J. B. Caldecott exhibited illustrations of the Isle of Man
coinageas follows: specimens of the pattern penny of 1728, without initials or value on reverse, struck in silver and copper; specimensof the pattern halfpenny of the sameissue, struck in silver on thick and Ham flans and on a thick flam in copper; the pattern penny of 1732, with the date divided by the Derby
crest (the child on this pieceis in a cradle,from which a sprig

issues), with I. D. and value on reverse, struck in bronzed copper; two copper proofs of the ordinary issue of 1733 shown
for reference.
Dr. Frazer exhibited three medals of Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and the Dauphin, being copies by the Irish medallist William Mossop of similar pieces made by Ferdinand and Daniel Loos, of Berlin. He also exhibited a pewter impression of a plaque by the same artist, bearing the portraits of Lord John Beresford and his wife, Barbara Montgomery, the original
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. of which once formed the central ornament of a silver
11
SeeNum. Chron. vol. xvii, pp. 90, 319. Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a bronze medal by F. Halliday,
1889, probably struckfor a Mr. WalterHawkins,of Kensington,

for presentation to young men starting in life. It was intended
to encourage practice of industry, courtesy,andintegrity. the

The obverse represents the stranger looking for a seat in a Greek theatre, and the Athenians keeping their seats while the Spartans in a body rise to make room for him, the incident being taken as typical of courtesy. Below, to the left, is
Socrates receivingthe cup of hemlock,representing integrity,

whilst on the right is Demosthenes speaking on the seashore, emblematic of industry.
Mr. E. Whympergavean account a find, in 1895,of fortyof

two Eoman copper coins on the summit of the Theodule Pass. The coins belonged to A.D. 270- 353. The paper is printed in vol. xvii, p. 127. Mr. Grueber communicated a paper by the late Mr. H. Montagu on some Roman gold coins in his collection. Seevol. xvii., p. 35.
Sir H. Howorth made remarks on the coins of Peada and
JEthelred, which have hitherto beenattributed to the kingdom of Mercia, but which he proposed transferto East Anglia, to
and to the interval between the reigns of Beorn or Beonna,
#&>. 760, and of Êthelberht, A.D. who wasmurderedby Ofta, King of Mercia,A.D. 794. Sir H. Howorth was of opinion that there could hardly havebeenany Merciancoinage before
the reign of Offa.
APRIL 29, 1897.
SIB JOHNEVANS, K.G.B., President, in the Chair.
The followingpresentswere announced and laid upon the

table:-
12
PEOCEBDIKOS THE OF
1. Archaeologia Cantiana. Yol. xxii. 2. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,

1895-6.
3. The Smithsonian Eeport, 1894.

4. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Yol. xvi. Part. II.
5. Bulletins de la Societe des Antiqnaires de 1'Ouest.

IV, 1896.
Part
6. 7. 8. 9.
Revue beige de Numismatique. Part. II, 1897. Eevue Numismatique. Part I, 1897. Revue suissede Numismatique. Vol. vi. Part II. ArchaeologiaAeliana. Vol. xix. Part I.
of the Institute of Bankers. Vol. xviii. Part IV. "
10. Journal
11. Nachtrage und Berichtigungen zur Munzkunde der romischen Republik. By M. Bahrfeldt. From the Author. 12. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol.vii.
13.
Parti.
Bonner Jahrbucher, Part C. Vol. xxviii. Zeitschrift.
14. Numismatische
15. Zeitschrift
fur Numismatik.
Vol. xx.
Parts III, IV.
16. Bulletin de Numismatique. March, 1897. 17. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Part I, 1897*
18. Monatsblatt der numismatischen Gesellschaffc in Wien.
April, 1897. Major-GeneralM. W. E. Gossetexhibited a gold coin of Nasired-din Khnsru Shah, King of Delhi, who usurped the throne
for four or five months in A.D. 1320. His coins are of extreme
rarity, three only being known, one in the British Museum and one in the Berlin Museum; this specimen, brought from
Afghanistan 1873, in being thethird. SeeVol. xvii, p. 249.

Dr. 0. Codrington exhibited a gold amulet inscribed in the Arabic character with the ninety-nine epithets of the Deity.
Mr. Readyexhibitedan unpublished variety of the common PortoBello medal,distinguishedby the initials i. K. and the word DUBLIN the exergue also an unpublished in ; medalcomm&norating the victories of Frederick the Great in 1757.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
13
Mr. W. C. Boyd read a paper on a find of Eoman denarii at Cambridge, consisting of 193 coins ranging from the time of Commodusto that of Philip, A.D. 248. N.C., vol. xvii, pp.
119 and 251.
Mr. Warwick Wroth read a paper on the Greek coinsacquired by the British Museum in 1896, chiefly from the famous
Montaguand Bunbury cabinets. Seevol. xvii, p. 93.
MAT 20, 1897. SIB JOHNEVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair. The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :-

No. 181.
Vol. xviii.
PartV.
2. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de la Morinie. 3. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. vi. Part TV.
4. Catalogue Orientalcoinsin the British Museum.Vol. i, of

1875. From Lord Grantley. Lord Grantley exhibited a medal commemorating the foundation of the French Society of Bibliophiles in 1820. It has on the obversea portrait of Jacques Augusts de Thou, and on the reverse a view of the interior of a library. Mr. B. Day, F.S.A., exhibited a gold badge of the Jamaica
Eoyal Military Club,founded August21st, 1788,the anniveron

sary of the birthday of its patron William, Duke of Clarence,
afterwards William IV.
Dr. F. P. Weberexhibited three medalswith portraits of Priam, Alexander the Great, and Octavius, which, though
unsigned, he attributed to the Italian medallist, Alessandro Cesati, called " H Grechetto." Seevol. xvii., p. 314. Mr. L. A. Lawrence showed a rare penny of William I, and
14
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
others of JEthelstan and Eadmund of East Anglia in very fine

condition.
Mr. Eeadyexhibited rare penny of Henry L, and Mr. A. a E. Goppa medalet with the portrait of JamesBlomfield Rush,
who was executed at Norwich for murder in 1849.
Mr. E, J. Seltmanncontributed a paper on the type known as "the Demos" on coins of Rhegium. After describing the
representations the figure of Demos on coins of late date, of and alsociting theearliest representations this personification of in sculptureand painting,the author was of opinion that the
seatedfigure found on the reverseof the early coins of Rhegium was not that of the Demos,butof Aristaeus, the protector of flocks and shepherds,of vines and olive plantations, the instructor in the art of cultivating bees,the averter of the burning heat of the Dog-star, &c. The various symbols and figures which are to be found below the chair on which the figure is seated appearedto Mr. Seltmann to be also connected with the nature and functions of Aristaeus in his various phases. See vol. xvii, p. 173.
JUNE 17, 1897.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
SIRJOHN EVANS, K.C.B.,D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D.,Treas.R.S.,

V.P.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.
TheMinutes thelast Annual of General Meeting wereread

and confirmed.
Reginald Huth, Esq.,and FrederickGeorge F, Hilton Price,
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
15
Esq.,F.S.A., F.G.S.,were electedMembers the Society, and of

Eichard Burn, Esq., was proposed.
The Eeport of the Council was then readto the Meetingas

follows :-
GENTIIEMEN,-The Council again have the honour to lay

before you their Annual Eeport as to the state of the Numismatic Society,
With greatregret they have to announce their loss by death

of the following eight Ordinary Members : W. E. Baker, Esq. T. B. Barrett, Esq. A. Durlacher, Esq. Sir Aug. WoUastonFranks, K.C.B., P.S.A.
M. H. Hoffmann.
E. W. Cochran Patrick, Esq., F.S.A. S. S. Pearce, Esq. P. E. Eeed, Esq. And of one Honorary Member:Prof. Dr. J. G. Stickel, of Jena.
Also,by resignation, the followingfour OrdinaryMembers, of

The Hon. Sir C. W. Fremantle, K.C.B. W. de Braey Herbert, Esq. Major Adam Smith. Col. CharlesJ. Wright.
The nameof J. H, Gooch-Jolley, Esq., hasbeenerased from

the list.
On the other hand the Council have much pleasure in
16
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
recording the election of the following fourteen Ordinary

Members:-
G-.B. Bleazby, Esq. F. Bowcher, Esq. R. Day, Esq , F.S.A. R. F. Huth, Esq. H. W. Lawrence, Esq. Lieut.-Col. W. J. Massey. A. T. Martin, Esq. H. 0. O'Hagan, Esq. F. G-.Hilton Price, Esq., F.S.A. Kumvar Kushal Pal Sinha, Rais of Zotla. A. L. Stride, Esq., J.P. W. S. Talbot, Esq. H. Thompson,Esq. H. W. Thorburn, Esq. According to the Report of the Hon. Secretariesthe numbers
of the Members are as follows :Ordinary Honorary. Total,
June, 1896 ....

Since elected
.
....
262*
14 276
20
282
14
20 1
296 9
Deceased
....
....
Resigned
Erased
,
... ....
4
1 263 19
4
1 282
June, 1897 ....
* Wrongly given as 261 in last year's Report, owing to the

accidental omission of one name in the List of Members.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
17
The Council have further to announce that they have awarded the Medal of the Society to Dr. Alfred von Ballet, the Director of the Eoyal Coin Cabinet of Berlin, for the eminent serviceswhich he has rendered to the scienceof Greek, Roman, Mediaeval, and Oriental Numismatics during the past thirty
years.
The Treasurer's Report - which shows a balance of 232 16s. 7d. as comparedwith 439 16s. 3d. of last year-is
as follows:-
Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the

Dr. THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
OP LONDON
s. d. B.
IN
d.
To Messrs.Virtue & Co.,for printing " Chronicles" :Parti, 1896 Part II, PartlH, Part IV, " 38 48 43 50
9 9 ,
7 10 4 9 0 0 3 6
4 4 0 0
i i
The Autotype Company,for Plates
- 32 12 10
C1 3 JL L\J in 0
e June 24, 189 7 .
30
Mrs, Harper, for Attendance,Tea, Coffee, &c. . . Purchaseof 700London and North-Western Railway 4% Pref . Stockat 153J . . . 1,074 10 0 Brokerage ....... 10 1 0
1,084 11 0
11 3 2
By proceeds sale of 8002|% Conof LessBrokerage, &c.

sols at 107|-.....
.
....
863
1 11
861 8 6 223 2 13 12 5 15 7 1 6 0 0 0
Paid balance
Mr. John H. Pinches,for 12 Silver Medals and Engraving do. Mr. P. Anderson,for Drawing Coins, &c Messrs.Walker & BoutaU,for Photographing Coins Messrs.RoUin & Feuardent,for Priced Catalogues of Montagu's Sale, Romanand Greek Series . 1 10 8 Do. do. for Cohen's"M&L Imp&iales," 8 vols. 13 8 4 , Messrs.J. Davey & Sons,for Printing Balloting list , Messrs.Hachette & Cie., for " Dictionnaire desAntiquites " . Messrs.Spink & Son,for Priced Cataloguesof Montagu Sales , The Rev. Chas.Dowding, for Numismatic Books , Messrs.Bowyer & Co., for Bookbinding . Messrs.Griggs & Sons,for printing in Collotype . Messrs.Hatton & Son,for Stationery and Printing . , Civil ServiceSupply Assoc.,for Brass Plate, &c. .
, Fire Insurance
14 19 076
4 13 6 080 200 1 18 0 2 10 0 336 1 13 9

0 15 0
, , , ,
032 ChequeBook, &c 500 Secretaries, Postages,&c for 7 10 0 Treasurer,for Postages,Receipts,Telegrams, Cab Hire, &c. , Collector (Mr. A. W Hunt), for Commission and Postages 6 15 9 By Balancem.hand 232 16 7 806 4 4
Examined the Vouchers, with compared to additions, foundcorrect, as and

IfaK Jwe, 1897.
A. PKEVOST
L. A, LAWRENCE
\
f
Numismatic Society, from June, 1896, to June, 1897. ACCOUNT WITH ALFBED EYELYN COPP, TREASUBER,
Or.
s. d.
By Balance lastStatement from

Entrance Fees
43916 3
13 13 0
Compositions Subscriptions
Received for " Chronicles," viz.-
.
61 0 7
0 14 0
31 10 0 233 4 0
61 14 7
Mr. B. Quaritch
Mr. TLos. Bliss
Col. Tobin Bush, for Foreign Postages Tax)
.... 564
020
July Dividendon8002| per cent. Consols (less October ditto ditto ditto . . . ,, February ditto, on700Pref. London Northand
western Railway Stock ditto .... ,, Inland RevenueReturn of Income Tax on Consols
564
806
ALFRED E. COPP,
HONOEABY TBEASUBEB.
15^ Jwe, 1897.
20
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
After the Reportof the Council had been read,the President

addressed Mr. Head as follows:Mr. Head,-
I have the pleasureof placing in your hands the medal

which has been awarded to Dr. von Sallet1 by the Council of this Society, in recognition of the important and long-continued services that he has rendered to numismatics. Twenty-four years ago we showed our appreciation of those services by electing him as an Honorary Member of our Society, and since that time there have appearedunder his immediate editorship no less than twenty volumes of the Zeitschrift fur Numismatik, which he originally founded, and in which such a wealth of
numismatic information is contained. His own contributions to
this periodicalhave been mainlyin the departmentof Greek coins,and testify to his wide acquaintance with that series,
and to the suggestive powers of his mind. The additional interest given to the noble collections at Berlin by the successive volumes of descriptions of different series is also due to his origination, and the details concerning the coinage of the Tauric Chersonesus,Sarmatia, Dacia, Thrace, Macedon, and
someother countriesof European Greece,have been mainly

contributed by his pen. On the magnificent additions that have been made to the Berlin royal cabinet since it was under Dr. Alfred von Sallet's charge it is needlessto dilate. May he long continue to preside over an institution for which he has
done so much.
Mr. Head replied as follows:Sir John,-
It is my pleasant duty this evening act as an intermediary to

between this Society and such an eminent scholar and numis-
matist as my colleague the Berlin Museum. As soonas Dr, of

1 We sincerely regret to haveto recordthe decease Dr. von Sallet, of whiohtoot place November on 25th, 1897.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
21
,von Sallet was informed of the award of our medal to him he sent me a letter regretting his inability to receive it in person, "and asking me to convey to the President and Council his warmest thanks for the honour which they have conferred upon him. For my own part I heartily congratulate not only Dr. von Sallet, but also the Society, on the choice they have made, for when I look hack over the spaceof no less than thirty years during which Dr. von Sallet has beendiligent in working and writing on various branchesof numismatics, I am simply amazed at the enormousnumber of his works both great and small. I have turned over the pagesof the very valuable Bibliography of Numismaticslately compiled with great care by one of our
Members, Mr. Thomas W. Minton, and I there find that under
the name of Yon Sallet there are no less than five closely written folio pages,each of which is crammed with the mere
titles of the numismatic treatises which Dr. von Sallet has
written. The subjects which he has so ably discussedin these papers include all the more important branches of the scienceGreek, Boman, Oriental, and Mediaeval coins, and medals of the Eenaissance and later periods. There are few, I imagine, who are in a better position than I am to appreciatethe value of many of Dr. von Sallet's most modest-lookingpapers. Every student who has made any use of my Historia Numorum cannot fail to have remarked the
numerous references his workson almost everypage. One to admirable quality of all Von Sallet's"writing is the brevity and
directness with which he places before his readers the essence
of the subject-matter underdiscussion. The growth of numis* matieliteratureduring the last thirty years has beenso rapid that it hasbecome hopeless to keep up with it except in a task small specialbranches. It seemsto me, therefore,that the avoidance all mereconjectural of writing and of prolix discussions is year by year becomingmore and more imperative. The quality of reticenceis one which cannot be too strongly
22
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
insisted upon, and it is one that especially characterises Dr.

von Sallet's works.
Once more I most heartily congratulate the Society on their judicious choice of so eminent a numismatist upon whom to
bestow their medal.
The President then delivered the following address:In addressingthis Society on the occasionof another Anniversary Meeting, I may again congratulate it on the satisfactory condition of its financesand of its List of Members. Although
through death and resignationof membership have lost we

thirteen of our Ordinary Members,rwehave electedfourteen new Members, so that our numbers have increasedby one. The list of our Honorary Members has been reduced by one, so that in all our number remains unchanged. Our finances, as you will have heard from our Treasurer's report, are in a satisfactory condition. Our balance is reduced, but not to the extent of the investments made. It will be noted that the capital of the Society has been transferred from Consolsto London and NorthWestern Eailway Preference Stock within the year.
Themedalof the Societyhas,as you know,been awarded by the Councilto Dr. Alfred von Sallet,in recognitionof his longcontinued services to the science of Numismatics, and in this award of the Council I am sure that the Society at large will cordially concur. Our losses by death have, I regret to say, beenrather above the average, and among our deceased members are several highly distinguished men about whose careerit seemsincumbent upon me to say a few words. From the list of our foreign Honorary Members we have to mourn the loss of the veteran Professor J. O. Stickel of Jena, who for sixty-seven continuous years occupieda Professorial chair in that University. Johann Gustav Stickel was bom at
isenach, on the 18th July, 1805, and died on the 21st

January, 1896, in the ninety-first year of his age. His early
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
23
endeavourswere in the direction of Theology and Philology, but he soon devoted himself to Oriental studies, which led him
for some time to reside in Paris. He returned, however, to Jena
in 1830, and ten years later induced the Grand Duke Frederick of Weimar to purchase the Zwiek collection of Oriental coins. Under his auspicesthere gradually accumulated
around this nucleus a collection which now numbers in all
upwards of 20,000 coins. Among these are many of the rarest and most important of the early Mohammedan coins, which with other allied relics have furnished materials for upwards of
sixty treatises on Oriental Numismatics and Sphragistics,

published by Stickel. A medal was struck to commemoratethe Jubilee of his Professorship in 1889, and in 1892 he had the
dignity of Privy Councillorconferred uponhim. His energies

remained unimpaired to the last, and papers from his pen were published up to within a short time of his decease. Among our home Members, there is no one whose loss is more deeply and universally deplored than my life-long friend and in several capacities colleague Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks, the President of the Society of Antiquaries. Although a rare attendant at our meetings, and the author of but one
communication to the Chronicle, he was an active and warm
supporter of the study of numismatics. The paper I have mentioned added nearly 250 new varieties to the London Tradesmen'sTokensof the sixteenth century; but the important share that he took in preparing the Medallic Illustrations of British History for the press has a far higher claim upon our gratitude. In this exhaustive work he was assisted by our
Secretary,Mr. Grueber. The Society will remembet the

account of a remarkable hoard of about 240 Anglo-Saxon coins from the time of Offa to that of Êthelwulf, communicatedto us in 1894. The whole of this hoard was, with his accustomed liberality, added to the National Collection by Sir Wollaston Franks, but this is a mere trine when compared with the marvellous treasures which he from time to time presented to
24
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
the Museum and those which he has bequeathedto It. This is not the place to dilate upon his wonderful stores of knowledge, ever at the disposalof students, of his critical acumen and his powers of organization. Far less can I speak of his devoted friendship and the kindliness of his disposition. To many besidesme his loss is incalculable and irreparable, For fortyfive yearshe devotedthe whole of his time and the bulk of his income to forwarding the interests of the British Museum and improving its archaeologicalcollections, and his servicesto the
Societyof Antiquaries have alsobeenunbounded. I maymention that in 1884 he had a medalet struck, with his crest and motto on the obverse and his name and family armson the reverse, which he gave to his more intimate friends as a kind of numismatic memorial, which will now be doubly treasured. On it his university degree is recorded as M.A., but Cambridge, his alma mater, subsequently conferred upon him the degree of Litt.D., and Oxford that of D.C.L. He was born on March 20th, 1826, and died on May 21st, 1897, having been for thirty-six years a member of this Society, and for forty-four years a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Mr. Robert W. Cochran Patrick, F.S.A., of Beith, in Ayrshire, was an old Member"of the Society, having been elected in 1871, and was among the most distinguished Scottish numismatists of this century. His Records of the Coinage of Scotland, published in two volumes in 1876, was soon followed by Records of Mining in Scotland,which appeared in 1878, and the Catalogueof the Medals of Scotland, published in 1884. These four handsome quarto volumes are monuments of his learning, zeal, and industry; but besides producing these independent standard works, he was for many years a constant contributor to the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle. In the New Series there are no less than eighteen papersfrom
his pen,all relatingto the Scottish coinage, several them and of

giving accounts of unpublished varieties- Of late years his communications have been fewer in number, but the last of
NUMISMATIC! SOCIETY.
25
these, publishedin 1888, constituted an important supplement to his work on Scottish medals. Besides being a first-rate numismatist and a good antiquary, Mr. Gochran Patrick played a not unimportant part in politics. In the days when Scottish ConservativeM.P.s were far scarcer than at present, he sat for North Ayrshire, from 1880 to 1885. Prom 1887 to 1892 he was Under-Secretary for Scotland, and at the time of his death, which was sudden, on the 15th of March, 1897, he was DeputyChairman of the Scottish Fishery Board. He took an active part in all matters relating to his native county of Ayrshire, as well as in all that concerned Scottish antiquities, and at different times held the officesof Secretary and Yice-President
of the Societyof Antiquaries of Scotland. He died deeply regrettedby manypersonal friends at the comparativelyearly
age of fifty-five. M. H. Hoffmann, of Paris, had been a Member of our Society
since 1876, and for many years occupied a foremostplace

among the dealers and experts of France. He had considerable literary ability, and contributed various papers to Le Numismate, which was published under his auspices. His most important work was on Les MonnaiesRoyales de France, which was published in 4to, with 118 Plates, in 1878. M. Hoffmann was a born collector, with a keen appreciation of all that was fine in art or of rare historical interest, whether in classical, mediaeval,or modern coins, or in objects of Eoman, Greek, or
Egyptianantiquity. Long after he had retired from business he couldnot abstain from attendingthe principalsalesof coins
and antiquities, and from time to time securing for his own enjoyment someof the most attractive objects brought to the
hammer. His private house, indeed,always partook of the

nature of a museum,of which he was the intelligent conservator. He died in Paris on the 30th April last, in the seventyfourth year of his age. Mr. Alexander Durlacher had been a Member of the Society since 1879, and exhibited his interest in numismatics by being
d
26
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
a constant attendantat our meetings, which he occasionally to

brought objects of interest. He was, however, better known from his devotion to music, having been an early member and a trustee of the Sacred Harmonic Society, and having for some
yearstakenan active part in organizing HandelFestivals the

at the Crystal Palace, and the choral arrangements at the State Concerts given in Buckingham Palace. He died on 20th November, 1896, at the age of seventy-four. Mr. S. S. Pearce joined the Society in 1870, Mr. W. E. Baker in 1872, Mr. T. B. Barrett in 1876, and Mr. P. B. Eeed in 1881. They were, therefore, all old Members of our body ; though none of them communicated any paper to our publications, they belongedto a class of men to whom our Society is often deeply indebted-gentlemen residing in different parts of the country, taking an interest in all the discoveriesmade in their districts, collecting and preserving coins, and disseminating a taste for numismatic studies. Turning now to the various contributions to our knowledge that have beenmade during the last year, I find them to have
extended as usual over a wide field,
ental numismatics.
and to have embraced
subjects relating to Greek, Eoman, Saxon, English, and OriIn the Greek department we have had more than one paper
of much interest. Owing to the dispersion the Montagu of

and Bunbury cabinets, and to a grant liberally made by the Treasury, the opportunities of the British Museum for making additions to the National Collection have been greater than usual. Mr. Wroth has again favoured us with a communication, calling attention to the more remarkable of theseadditions. In1 his paper recording the acquisitions of 1895, which from someinadvertenceI omitted to notice in my Address of last year, he called attention to a remarkable tetradrachm of Eryx, a rare drachma of Istrus, in Moesia, an unpublished coin of Pheneus in Arcadia, an early coin of Neandria in the Troad, a bronze coin of Hydisus in Caria, the first ever attributed to
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
27
that city, and severalother important pieces. The acquisitions of the Museum in 1896 comprised in the Greek series no fewer than 50 gold and 428 silver coins, or from two to three times as many as the average of the previous nine years. The bronze coins, on the other hand, fell somewhat below the
average.
I must content myself by mentioning a few only of the more important pieces. First comes a grand specimenof the Italian
quincnssis, with the type of a bull walking, and of the weight

of nearly four pounds avoirdupois, which came from the Pembroke Cabinet, and was bequeathed to the Museum by the late Sir Edward Bunbury. It probably dates from the latter half of the fourth century B.C. A gold quarter-stater of Tarentum is another rarity, as is a tetradrachm of Odessus in Thrace with the QEO^ MEFA^ of the place, whoever he may be, both in full on the reverse, and showing his head only on the obverse. Perhaps one of the most noteworthy corns is the tetradrachm of Nabis, King of Lacedaemon, about B.C. 207 to 192. It would be strange if this and another unique tetradrachm inscribed NABIO^ constituted the whole remains of his currency, which extended over a period of fifteen years, but possibly his smaller coins bore merely an indication to show that they were issued by the Stateof Lacedaemon.A fine tetradrachm of Tenedos, and a unique stater of Alexander II
(Zebina),alreadydescribed the pagesof the Chronicle, in and both from the Montagu Collection, must close my list of
selected examples. Mr. George Maedonald, who has unusual opportunities of carefully examining the Hunter Collection of Coins at Glasgow, has supplied us with some valuable notes on Combe's Catalogue of the Collection. Not only have numerous coins
been more or less misread and misattributed, but a certain
number of them can now no longer be accepted as undoubtedly genuine. In such an extensive collection, formed, as it was,
during the last century by onewhoseprincipalscientificoccu-
28
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
pation was not the study of numismatics, is fortunatethat it there are not morespecimens that will not hear the light of
modern methods of examination. I fear that when the series
of Eoman gold coins comesunder review, a few of them will

have to join the ranks of " doubtful authenticity."
Mr. Macdonald has also called our attention to a find made
in the Lipari Islands, including an unpublished coin of Ehegium* The most numerous in the hoard of 68 coins, are *eHorsemen of Tarentum," but there are in it 17 coins of Neapolis in Campania, as well as specimens from the mints of Yelia and Cales.
Themostimportantis that of Ehegium, apparently silverpiece a

of two litrae, with the head of Apollo to the left on the obverse, and the lion's head facing on the reverse. The deposit probably took place towards the beginning of the First Punic War.
A paperby Mr. Seltmann,to be subsequently mentioned, is

also illustrative of the coinage of Ehegium.
Mr. Seltmann, a paperon supposed in signsof valueon early

coins of Himera, has suggested a new interpretation of the peculiar symbols VV, which, with numerous variations, occur
on these pieces. The first mark has been regardedas the initial letter of VITPA, and the secondas indicating the numeralfive. The author suggests the symbols that standfor the two first letters of the word AYTPON, an expiatory offering or atonement. The suggestion ingenious, is and the reasonsshownfor disconnecting symbolswith five litrra the Cogent;but so far as I am individually concerned, interthe
pretation as AVTPON does not commend itself to me, and the mystery attaching to the symbols remains unsolved. Mr.
Seltmann's paperis suggestive severalother respects,and in

deservesto be attentively studied.
The sameauthor has favoured with an essay the type us on known as the " Demos" on the coins of Ehegium,and has shown causefor regardingthis seatedfigure as rather representingAristaeus,or somelocal agriculturaldivinity, than as impersonating inhabitantsof the city. He regardsthe staff the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
29
and otherattributesconnected with the figure as heing quite in keepingwith its beingîntended Aristaeus,the protectorof for flocks and shepherds, vineyardsand oliveyards,the introof
ducer of agriculture and the guardian against the pernicious influences of the Dog-star. Like the paper already mentioned, that on the Ehegian type cannot be dismissedwithout very full
consideration.
Mr. Hill has had the good fortune to publish a didrachm struck at the hitherto unknown mint of Oinoanda, a town of Lycia, not far from Little Termessus,the coins of which place present analogous types; and Mr. Lambros has shown cause for transferring a bronze coin, attributed by M. Svoronos to Pannona, in Crete, to Eierapytna, or Hierapetra, in the same island. He goes so far as to say that Pannona must, for the present at least, be excluded from Cretan numismatics. We may, perhaps, hear more on the subject from M. Svoronos. An argument against the view of M. Lambros seems to be afforded by the fact that on the known coins of Hierapytna the name is spelt I EPA, and not IA PA, as seemsnecessaryif the new attribution is to be accepted. The principal paper that we have had on Koman numismatics has a melancholy interest about it. It is the first part of an account by the late Mr. Montagu of the rare and unpublished Eoman gold coins in his magnificent collection, now unfortunately dispersed. The coins described are 139 in number, and extend to the days of Saloninus, the son of G-allie-
nus, and though at the time when he wasengaged writing in

this account, Mr. Montagu had only got through one-half of his
task when he was stricken down with the illness that carried
him off from among us, perhaps this first half comprisesthe most interesting coins, even if there were a greater number of unpublished pieces in the second. It would be superfluous to enter into details, especially as the Sale Catalogue of the collection may be regarded as one of the best handbooks of Eoman gold coins ever published; but I may name a few of the more
30
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
importaDt pieces, several of which are now in the National Collection: Mark Antony and Octavia, the same and his son, Titus and Julia, Pescennius Niger, Diadumenianus, and Uranius Antoninus, of whom there were four coins in the collection. The prices obtained for these afford a strong argument in favour
of doubtingthe verdict pronounced uponthem by Sign.Gnecchi, of Milan, who has regarded all the gold coins of Uranius as false. The Diadumenianus, which coat Mr. Montagu so
many days'study, is now in my collection. The publicationof

this valuable contribution to our knowledge sadly recalls to mind the great loss that this Society has sustained by the
death of the author.
Mr. E. "Whymper,who has come across some Roman coins

found in the The'odule Pass, which lies between the Matterhorn
and Monte Rosa on the Southern border of Switzerland, has kindly called our attention to them. The coins are of various dates,and though upwards of forty were found together, about a quarter belong to the time of AureHan and Probus, and threefourths to the period betweenConstantineII and Decentius. A
second seriesof coins obtainedfrom the samelocality by M.

Seidler extends from Gaulish times to the days of Theodosius. The general inference to be drawn is this, that the Theodule
Passhasbeenfrequented, all eventsat intervals, a period at for

of 2,000 years.
Mr. Boyd has describeda hoard of nearly two hundred Roman denariifoundnearCambridge and rangingin date from the time of Clodius Albinusto that of Philip the Arabian and his family. Though the deposit contains no coins of very
remarkable types or great rarity, it is satisfactory to have such a complete and carefully compiled list of them placed on record, A principal feature of interest in the hoard is its close
correspondence with that found at Rrickendonbury,near Hertford, in 1895,of which I furnished a descriptionto the Society. It must havebeendeposited the groundat approxiin mately the sametime, at all eventswithin about a couple of
NtJMISMATIC SOCIETY.
31
years,and it appears afford fresh testimonyto the disturbed to

state of Britain about the year 250, when the troubled condition of the Eoman Empire in the East seems to have diverted the attention of the government in the West and to have led to a feeling of insecurity, shown by the possessorsof money burying
it in the soil for security.

The smaller series of third-brass coins found near Cadbury Camp, Somerset, and described by Mr. Pritchard, belong to a later date and range from Gallienus to Constantius Chlorus. Coins of Diocletianus, Maximianus, and Carausius, all struck under the authority of the last, with PAX AVGGG. M.L.XXI on the reverse, add an interest to the find. Passing on to the Saxon coinage we find Lord Grantley attempting to elucidate the numismatic history of Northumbria during the obscure period between the resignation of Eadbert, in A.D.758 and the days of Eanred, A.D, 808, when the styca coinage becameabundant. Leaving the coins of Moll Ethelwald and Oswulf, the author cites from his own collection two
coins struck by Alehred, in conjunction with Archbishop Ecgberht of York, one of Aethelred I, which he has already described to the Society, and two sceattas of Aelfvald I, one of them apparently with the name of a moneyer. He goes on to describe some stycas attributed to Aelfvald II, and concludes with those which there seems reason to attribute to
Eardulf. The paper is full of facts relating to the Northumbrian coinage,and will have to be carefully studied by future writers on the subject. Lord Grantley has also described a penny of Offa of Mercia, with a new type of reverse struck by the well-known moneyer DVD. The fertility of design exhibited on the coinage of
Offais surprising, thevarieties seem almost inexhaustible. and This would be none the less remarkableshould Sir Henry Howorth's opinion,that there wasno Mercian coinagebefore the daysof Offa, be substantiated. His proposed transference
of the coins attributed to Peada and Aethelred from Mercia to
32
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
East Anglia, may find some support from the small hoard of seeattas found near Cambridge, of which I published an account somethree or four years ago. It is a case in which Mary's motto will hold good : " Yeritas temporis filia." Mr. L. A. Lawrence, dealing with coins of a somewhat later date, has touched upon some difficult points in questioning the authenticity of certain coins of Harold II, William the Conqueror, and Eufus. Unfortunately I was not able to be present when the paper was read, and I was, therefore, deprived of the
advantage hearingthe discussion of uponit.
I must,however,
confessthat the identity of the dies from which several of the coins were struck can, in my opinion, hardly be accounted for by any interchange of such instruments at placesso far distant from eachother asLincoln, Lewes, and Winchester, even assuming them to have been issuedfrom one central office in London. If I am not mistaken there is another circumstance in
the casewhich, to say the least of it, is of a highly suspicious character, viz., that one of the coins impugned instead of having beenstruck on an ordinary plain blank, is a penny of the common PAXStype, restruck as a rarer coin. Mr. Lawrence has also given us an account of a hoard of short-cross pennies found in France, an examination of which confirms the classification of these coins now generally adopted. The name of one Canterbury moneyer EOB6CET. "VI: is new.
For a discussion of the attribution of a Baronial coin of the
time of Stephen we are indebted to Mr. Samuel Page.
Advancing still morerecentdays,Mr. Grueber favoured to has

us with accounts of two extensive hoards of English silver coins, which, having been surrendered to the Treasury, have
passed under examination theBritishMuseum. at

, The first of these, found on a farm at East Worlington,
North Devon,consisted nearly 5,200pieces,mainlyshillings of and sixpences, from the reign of Edward VI to that of
Charles I, but including some half-crowns of the last-named
king. A few new varieties, mentionedby Hawkins,were not
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
33
among them, and some coins from the local mints of Aberystwith and Exeter. The hoard must have been deposited in the year 1646, when the civil war was raging, and when the final conflict in the West of England between the two opposing
parties place. tools

The other hoard is of a later date, and was found under the floor of a building attached to the church at Crediton, in the same county. There were 1,884 coins in it, ranging
from those of Edward VI down to the milled coins of
CharlesII, the latest in date being of 1683. No coins of

the Commonwealth were present in the hoard, and the circumstances under which it was accumulated and depositedare obscure. If the constituent corns were brought together at a date near 1688, it is strange that nearly half the coins were struck before the end of the reign of Elizabeth, and more than half before that of the reign of James I. It may be
that the hoard was the accumulation of a lifetime. A few
interesting local coinswere present, including a half-crown from the Weymouth mint, and one of somerarity from Shrewsbury.
We are also indebted to Mr. Grrueber for some notes
on the rare Phoenix medalet of Elizabeth, and on a curious

satirical
Louis In
medal on the state of France

to a considerable number
about
1708-9 under
that have
XIY. addition of medals
been exhibited at our meetings, that in gold presented in 1804 to Dr. Edward Jenner by the Medical Society of London
has beenfully describedby Dr. Parkes Weber. He hasalso given us an interestingpaperon the curious" PerkinsSchool
Tokens" of the seventeenth century, of which a certain number have been published in Williamson's edition of Boyne, which afford a curious insight into the school customs of the period.
Dr. Parkes Weber has also oalled our attention to certain
Renaissancemedals bearing the presumed portraits of Priam, Alexander the Great, and Octavius, with fanciful reverses.
34
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
From internal evidence lie assigns their production to an engraver, -whoflourished under Pope Paul III, AlessandroCesati by name ; who was, however, familiarly called "II Grechetto."
Dr. Frazer of Dublin has called our attention to some
medals struck by W. Mossop, a jeweller and die-sinker of that city at the end of the last century, and an artist of no mean ability. A very large number of other interesting coins and medals have been exhibited to the Society at our meetings. In the department of Oriental Numismatics Mr. L. "White King and Mr. William Yost have communicatedto the Chronicle a paper on some novelties in Moghal coins, in which a considerable number of new mints are added to those already known of Akbar, Jahangir, Aurangzib and others. A coin of Humayun and Kamran conjointly seems to be of especial
interest.
Another communication from Mr. White King is on the " History and Coinage of the Baraksai Dynasty of Afghanistan." Though relating to comparatively modern times, it is of considerableinterest to the student of the history of the English in India. The names of Dost Mahommed, Akbar Khan, Sher Ali, and Abd ur Rahman, are not unfamiliar even to the generalpublic, and the series of Afghan coins, many of which bear poetical couplets upon them, seems to be of more interest than many of the native coins of India. Mr, C. J. Eodgers has described two new coins from the Punjab, one of them bearing the name of Polyxenos, and belonging to much the same date as Strabo I and Menander. Mr. Rapson, in a paper on the attribution of certain silver coins of Sassanian fabric, has placed on record some of the views of the late Sir A. Cunninghamwith regard to these puzzling coins which that lamented archaeologist had intended to incorporate in a note to be appendedto his article on the " Coinage of the White Huns." The coins were by him regardedas Ephthalite,
probably of the seventh century A.D. whereasM. Markoff ;
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
35
considersthem to have been struck by the Turuska IndoScyths in the third or fourth century. -Thereis, therefore,
room for controversy. The past year, like the onebefore it, has been distinguished by important sales in London9 both of coins and medals, the Bunbury Collection of Greek coins, and part of the Montagu Collection, including the whole of the medals, having been disposed of by auction. The prices realised seemedto prove that the interest in medallic illustrations of the past has by no means diminished. Among numismatic publications I may call attention to the Catalogue of the Coins of Caria and the Islands, prepared by Mr. Head, and published by the Trustees of the British Museum. An important innovation in it is the addition of a map showing the physical features of the country and the geographical position of the towns at which mints were situated, thus adding materially to the value of the work. Another feature is presented by the addition of a Plate of coins belonging to the series described, but of which there are as yet no examplesin the National Collection. The Catalogue is thus raised to the dignity of a Handbook. The Introduction is ezhaustive and complete, and not the least interesting part of it is that which relates to the re-issue of gold Philippi in the secondcentury B.C. Another of the British Museum Catalogues that has just appearedrelates to the coins of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Pisidia. It is by Mr. Gr.F. Hill, andforms the nineteenth volume of this magnificent work. A noticeable improvement in this volume upon its predecessors the insertion in the text, where possible, is of the find-spot of interesting coins, and of the names of the collections from which different specimenspassedto their final resting-placein the Museum. I may take this opportunity of calling attention to the fine
seriesof Englishcoinsand medals, partly originalsand partly

electrotypes, that is now exhibited in the corridor attached to
the Medal Room of the Museum. Students will there find faci-
36
PROCEEDINGSOF THE
lities for studyinga fine and complete seriesof our coins and a
magnificent display of medals. Students of Greek numismatics "will be gratified to learn that, thanks to the liberality of Mr. Stevenson,of Glasgow, a new Catalogue of the Hunter Collection of coins of cities and princes is in course of preparation and will probably soon be completed. The old Catalogue by Combe is, as we know from ftlr. Macdonald'spaper, by no meansfree from errors, and
moreover, someof the coin%s of but questionable are authenticity. The new Cataloguewill doubtless be completedin a more critical manner than was the former, which it is destined to supersede. All that now remains for me to say is to express my thanks to this meeting for the patiencewith which it has listened to me, and to exhort all membersof the Society who have any rare or unpublished coins on which to comment, or any new views on numismatic subjects that they wish to ventilate, at once to communicate with the Secretaries. If any one has friends with numismatic tastes, let him lay before them the advantages of joining the Society. In doing so let them call to mind that this is the Diamond Jubilee of the Numismatic Society, as well
as that of our beloved Sovereign, whileprayingfor longand and

continued prosperity to her reign, let them do all in then-
powerto maintainthe Societyon a firm and satisfactory basis.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
37
The Meeting then proceeded ballot for the Council"aB& to

Officers for the ensuing year, when the following gentlemen
were elected;President.
SIRJOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., TREAS.R.S., V.P.S.A., F.G.S.

Vice-Presidents.
LORD GRANTLEY, F.S.A.
SIRHENRY HOWORTH, H. K.C.LE., M.P., F.R.S., Y.P.S.A., M.R.A.S.

Hon. Treasurer.
ALFRED E. COPP,ESQ.
Hon. Secretaries.
HERBERTA. GRUEBER,ESQ., F.S.A.
BARCLAY VINCENT HEAD,ESQ.,D.C.L., PH.D. Foreign Secretary.

WARWICKWROTH, ESQ., F.S.A.
Librarian.
OLIVER CODRINGTON, M.D., F.S.A. ESQ., Membersof the Council.

HENRY F. AMEDROZ,ESQ. THOMAS BLISS, ESQ. WILLIAM C. BOYD,ESQ. J. B. CALDECOTT, ESQ.
REV.G. F. CROWTHER, M.A. ARTHUR EVANS, J. ESQ.,M.A., F.S.A. GEORGE FRANCIS HELL,ESQ.,M.A.
E. C, KRUMBHOLZ, ESQ. L. A. LAWRENCE, ESQ.
HERMANN WEBER,ESQ., M.D.
LIST
OF
MEMBERS
OP THE
NUMISMATIC
OF LOIflDON.
SOCIETY
DEOEMBEE, 1897.
LIST
OF MEMBEES
OF THE
NUMISMATIC
OF LONDON,
SOCIETY
DECEMBER,
1897.
An Asteriskprefixed to a name indicates that the Memberha* compounded
ELECTED
1873 *ALEXIEPP, GEORGE Ohambellande S.M. PEmpereur de M. DE, Russie, Ekaterinoslaw (par Moscou), Russie Meridionale.
1892AMEDROZ, HENRYE.,ESQVNew Square,Lincoln's Inn, W.C. 7, 1882 ANDREW, J., ESQ.,Cadster House, near Whaley Bridge, W.
Derbyshire. 1884 ANDREWS,E. THORNTON,ESQ., 2a, Castle Street, Hertford. 1888 ARNOLD, GK M.,EsQ., D.L., F.S.A., Milton Hall, Ghravesend,
Kent.
1882BACKHOTJSB, ESQ., J. E., The Rookery, Middleton Tyas,Richmond, Torks. 1881 BAGNAUt-QATTRLEY, MRS., Newland, Coleford, Gloucestershire.
1892 BAEER, E. BRATOE, ESQ., The College, Malvern.
1887BASOOM, J., ESQ., 109, Lexington Avenue, New York, Q-.

U.S.A.
1896 BEARMAN, THOS, ESQ., Melbourne House, 8, Tudor Road, Hackney.
4
ELECTED
LIST
OP MEMBERS,
1880 *BIEBER, W. EGMONT, G-. ESQ., FenchurchAvenue,E.O. 4, 1883 BIGGHS, FRANCIS ESQ., E., Hennapyn, Torquay. 1882 BIRD,W, S , ESQ.,74, New Oxford Street,W.C 1885 BLACKETT, JOHNSTEPHENS, ESQ.,C.E.,Inverard, Aberfoyl
N.B.
1882 BLACKMORE, P., ESQ., MD., H. bury,
Blackmore Museum, Sali
1896BLEAZBT, GrEO. BARNARD, ESQ., The Prairie, Lahore, Indi 1882*BLiss, THOMAS, , Montpelier Eoad, Ealing, W. ESQ 1879BLTHSDELL, H., ESQ., J. 157, Cheapside, E.G. 1896BOTTLTON, B., ESQ,, J.P., Copped HaU, Totterid^ S.
"Whetstone, Herts. 1897 BO-WCHER, FRANK, ESQ., 77, Brecknock Eoad, N.
1892BOTD,WILLIAM 0., ESQ.,7, Friday Street, E.G.

1877 BROWN, GK D., ESQ., GtaSeld House, Whitstable-on-Sea.
1885BROWN, JOSEPH, ESQ., G.B^Q.G., 54, AvenueEoad,EegeE

Park, N.W.
1896BRTJUN, L. E., 101,Q-othersgade, M. Copenhagen.

1878 BTTCHAN, S., ESQ., 17, Barrack Street, Dundee. J.
1889 BUCKLEY, LADY, Plas, Dinas-Mawddwy,Merioneth, Wa. 1884 BTHCK, DAVID, ESQ.,LL.D., Sandy Bay, Larne Harbo
Ireland.
1881 BULL,EEY.HERBERT Wellington House, WestgateA.,

Sea.
1897 BURN, EICHARB,ESQ.,Allahabad, India. 1881 BURSTAL, EDWAKD K., ESQ., M.Inst.O.E,, Street, Westminster.
France.
38, Parlian
1858BTJSH, COLONEL TOBIN, J. 41, Eue de 1'Orangerie, Ha le 1878*BUTTERY, ESQ.(address known). W., not
1886 CALDEOOTT, B., ESQ., Wakefield, Hertford. J.
187SCAKPRAE, EGBERT, ESQ., E.S.A.Scot.,77, George Street,I burgh. 1894 CARLYON-BRITTON, P. W. P., F.S.A., Bitton He GAPT.
Bycullan Avenue, Enfield.
LIST ELECTED
OF
MEMBERS.
1869 CAVE, LAURENCE TRENT, ESQ., LowndesSquare, 13, S.W.

1886 CHURCHILL,Wm. S., ESQ., 102, Birch Lane, Manchester. 1884 *CLAJRK, JOSEPH, ESQ., 29, West CMsMmrst Park, Eltham,
Kent.
1890CLARKE, CAPT. E PLOMER, J. Welton Place,nearDaventry, Northamptonshire. 1891*CLATTSON, ALBERT CHARLES, ESQ.,12, Park Place Yillas,
Maida Hill West, W.
1890 CLERK, MAJOR-GEN. G-, Bengal Army, c/oMessrs. H. S. M. King & Co.,45, Pall MaU, S.W,
1886 CODRINGTON, OLIVER, ESQ., M.D , F.S.A., M.E.A.S., 71,
Victoria Eoad, ClaphamCommon,Librarian. 1877*Copp, ALFRED ESQ., E., Dampiet Lodge, 103, Worple Eoad,
West Wimbledon, and 36, Essex Street, Strand, Son.
Treasurer.
1895 COOPER, JOHN, ESQ.,Beckfoot,Longsight, Manchester.

1889 COTTON, PEROT GORDON, H, ESQ, 29, Cornwall Gardens, S.W.
1874 CREEKE, MAJOR ANTHONY BUQK, Westwood,Burnley,

1886 *CROMPTON-EOBERTS, CHAS. M., ESQ., 16, Beigrave Square,
S.W.
1882CROWTHER, EEV. G. F., M.A., Gxenfell Eoad, Notting

HiU,W.
1875 CTJMING, STER, H. Esq., F.S.A.Scot., Kennington 63, Park Roads

S.E.
1884 DAMES, LONGWORTH, G.S., M.E.A.S.,Deputy ComM. ESQ., missioner,Ferozepore, Punjab. 1891DATTOLISH, W., ESQ.,54, Leinster Square,W. A. 1878 DAVIDSON, L. STRAOHAN, J. ESQ., M.A., Balliol College,
Oxford.
1884DAVIS,WALTER, ESQ., Suffolk Street, Birmingham. 23, 1888 DATVSON, J. CROSBIE, G. ESQ.,M.Inst-C.E., F.GKS.,F.S.S., May Place,Newcastle,Staffordshire. 1897 DAY,EGBERT, ESQ.,F.S.A., M.E.I.A., Myrtle Hill House,
Cork.
1890 DEICHMANN, HERRCARL THEODOR, Cologne,Germany.
6
BUEOTED
LIST
OF MEMBERS.
1886*DE-WICK, REV.E. S., M.A., F.S.A., 26, OxfordSquare,Hyde

Park, W.
1888DICKINSON, REY.F. BHTLEY, M.A-, Manor House,Ottery St.

Mary.
1889DmsDALE, JOHN,ESQ.,BusheyEough, Dover.

1886 DORMAN,JOHN WM., ESQ., B.A., O.E., Demerara Railway,
Manager'sOffice,Georgetown, Demerara.
1868 DOUGLAS,CAPTAIN R. J. H., Junior Charles Street, St. James's, S.W. ampton. United Service Club,
Ift61 DRYDEN, HENRY, SIB, BART.,Canon'sAshby,Byfield, North1893DUDMAN, JOHN, ESQ., JUN., RosslynHHl, Hampstead,N.W. 1893ELLIOTT, A. ESQ., Holland Park, W. E. 41, 1893 ELLIS,LrETrr.-CoL.H. LESLIE,Yeomanry House, Buckingham.
1895 ELY, TALIOTRD, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 73, Parliament Hill
Road,Hampstead,N."W. 1888ENSBL,M.?ARTHUR, Eue de TAssomption, 66, Paris. 1879ERHARBT, ESQ.,9, Bond Court, Walbrook, E.G. H.,
1872 EYANS, AETHTJRJ., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Ashmolean Museum,
Oxford,
1849EVANS, SIR JOHN, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., P.U.S.y Corr. deTlnst., NashMills, HemelHempstead, President. 1892 *EYANS, LADY, NashMills, Hemel Hempstead.
1861 EVANS, SEBASTIAN, Esq., LL.D., Combe Lea, Hawthorn Koad
Bickley. 1886 FAY, DUDLEYB., ESQ.,53, State Street, Boston, Mass.

U.S.A.
1894 FOSTER,JOHN ARMSTRONG, ESQ., " Chestwood," near Bara staple.
1891 Fox, H. B. EARLE,ESQ., Eue Jouflroy, Paris. 42, 1868 FRENTZEL, RUDOLPH, 96,Upper Oshaldiston ESQ., Eoad, Stoh Nemngton, N. 1882*FRESHPIELD, EDWIN,ESQ.,LL.D., F.S.A., 5, Bank Build ings, E.C.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1896 *FBY, CLAUDE BASIL, ESQ., 32, Lansdowne Eoad, Notting-
1897GANS, LEOPOLD, ESQ.,126, Market Street,Chicago,U.S.A. 1871 GAKDNEB, PROF. PEBCY, Litt.D., E.S.A., 12, CanterburyEoady
Oxford.
1889 GAESIDE, HENBY,ESQ.,Burnley Eoad, Accrington.

1894 GOODACBE, ESQ., 21, Portsea Place, W. H.,
1883GOODMAN, W., ESQ.,Clifton Lodge, 155,HayeretockHill, T.

N.W.
1885 GOSSET, MAJOB-GEN. MATTHEW E.s C.B., Island Bridge W.

House, Phoenix Park, Dublin.
1891 *GBANTLEY, LORD, F.S.A., Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor

Gardens, S.W., Vice-Prwid&nt. 1865 GREENWELL, REV. CANON,M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A., Durham.
1894 GRISSELL, HAETWELLD., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 60, High

Street, Oxford.
1871 GBUEBEB, HEBBERT ESQ.,P.S.A., Assistant-Keeper of A., Coins,British Museum,Hon. Secretary*
1893 HANKIN, A. "W., ESQ., Hatfield, Herts. 1896 HAYEBJBTELD, J., ESQ., M.A., F.
Oxford.
P.S.A.,
Christ-Church,
1864HEAD, BABCLAT VINCENT, ESQ., D.C.L., Ph.D., Keeper of Coins, British Museum,Hon. Secretary.
1886 *HENDEBSON, JAMES STEWABT,ESQ., P.E.G.S., M.E.S.L., M.O.P., 7, Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W. 1880 HETWOOD,NA.THAN, ESQ., 3, Mount Street, Manchester. 1892 HEWITT, EIQHABD, ESQ., 28, "Westbourne Gardens, W. 1893 HJLBEBS,THE YEN, G. 0., St. Thomas's Eectory, Haverfordwest.
1893HILL, GEOBGE FBAKOIS, ESQ., M.A., British Museum, 1873HOBLYN,EIOHABD ESQ.,P.S.A., 30, Abbey Eoad, St. A.,
John's Wood, N.W.
8
"KiZOfED
LIST OF MEMBERS.
1895 HODGE, EDWAUD ESQ.,F.S.A., 13, Wellington Stree G.,

Strand, "W.C.
1895HODGE, THOHAS, ESQ., Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. 13, 1889HODGES, GEORGE, ESQ., Thornbury, Gloucestershire.
1877 HODGKIN,T., ESQ.,D.C.L., F.S.A., Benwelldene, Newcastle,
1878 HOWORTH, HENRYH., K.C.LE, M.P., F.E.S., F.SJ SIB, M.E.A.S., 30, CoUingham Place, Earl's Court, S.W
Vice-President.
1883 HUBBARD, WALTER ESQ.,9, BroomMLL E., Avenue, Particl Glasgow. 1885 HUGEL,BARON VON, Holford Eoad, Hampstead,N/V F. 4,
1897 HUTH, EEGINALD, ESQ., 32, Phillimore Gardens, Kei
sington, W1892 IBTDERWICK, A., ESQ., Q.C., F.S.A., 8, Warwick F.

S.W.
Squai
1883 *Ioira)ES,CoNSTANTiNEALEXANDER,ESQ., SecondAvenu 23,
West Brighton. 1872 JAMES, HENRY, J. ESQ., Kingswood, Watford.

1879 *JEX-BLASE, THE YERY EEV. T. W., D.D., F.S.A., Deanei
Wells.
1880 JOHNSTON, M. C., ESQ., The Yews, Grove Park, Cambe J. weH, S.E.
1843 JONES, JAMES COVE, ESQ., F.S.A., Loxley, Wellesbourne, Ws

wick.
1873 KAY,HENRYCASSELS, 11, Durham Yillas, Kensmgtc ESQ.,

W.
1873 KEAJRY, CHAKLES FEANCIS,ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., SavHe Cli
Piccadilly, W. 1874*KENYON, LLOYB, , M.A., Pradoe, R. ESQ WestFelton, Saloj 1884KING, L. WHITE, EsQ.,I.O.S.,Deputy Commissioner, Koh Panjdb, India.
1891 EIRKALDY, JAMES, ESQ., 68, East India Eoad, E, 1876 KITCHENER, GEN. SIR H. H., Pasna, K.C.M.G., 0.
A.D.C., careof Messrs.Cox & Co., Charing Cross,S.Tl
LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1884 *KiTT, THOS. ESQ., WinsladeEoad, Brixton, S.W. W., 23, 1879KRTTMBHOLZ,0., ESQ., E. AlcesterHouse,Wallington, Surrey.
1883 *LAGERBERG, ADAM MAGNUSEMAJHJEL,Chamberlain of M.,
H.M. the King of Sweden and Norway, Director of the Numismatic Department, Museum, Gottenburg, and
Etda, Sweden.
1864 *LAMBERT, GEORGE, F.S.A., 10, CoventryStreet, W. ESQ,

1888 *LATVTREOS, J. P., Athens, Greece. M., 1871 *LANG, SIR ROBERTHAMILTON, The Grove, Dedham, Essex,
1881LATCHMOEB, ESQ., F., High Street, Hitchin. 1877LAWRENCE, G.,ESQ.,Birchfield, Mulgrave Eoad, Sutton, F.
Surrey. 1897 LAWRENCE, W., ESQ., 37, Belsize Avenue, N.W. H. 1885 *LAWEENCE,L. A., ESQ., 37, Belsize Avenue, N.W. 1883 *LAWRENCE, EICHARDHOE, ESQ.,31, Broad Street, New York. 1871 *LAWSON,ALFRED J., ESQ., Smyrna.
1892LEWIS,PROP. BTINNELL, MA., F.S.A., Queen's College,Cork.

1862 LINCOLN,FREDERICK W.a ESQ., 69, New Oxford Street, W.C. 1863 LONGSTAJTE, HILTON DYER, ESQ., 4, Catherme Terrace, W.
Gateshead.
1887 Low,
LYMAN H., ESQ., 36, West 129th Street, New York,
U.S.A.
1893 LUND, H. M., ESQ., Makotuku, New Zealand.
1885 *LTELL, A. H., ESQ., E.S.A., 9, Cranley Gardens,S.W. 1895MAODONALD, GEO., ESQ., M.A., The University, Glasgow. 1887MAOKERELL, E., ESQ.,Dunningley, Balham Hill, S.W. C. 1858MADDEN, FREDERIC WTT.T.TATVT, M.E.A.S., Holt Lodge, ESQ., 86, LondonEoad, Brighton. 1895 MARSH, WM. E., ESQ.,16, Blythe Hill, Catford, S.E. 1897 MARTIN, TRICE,ESQ., A. EedboroughHouse, PercevalEoad,
Clifton, Bristol.
1897 MARTIN, DR. BERKELEY, House, Sunderland. Etal
1876MASON, J'., ESQ., JAS. MaryfieldVilla, Victoria Eoad,Kirkcaldy.
10
ELECTED
LIST
OF MEMBERS.
1896MASSEY, LIEUT -Coi,."W.J. ETTRICK, The Avenue,Upper 8,

Norwood, S.E.
1880 *MAUDE> BEV. S., The Vicarage,Hockley, Essex. 1889MAYXER, ESQ., W., Middleton Lodge, Alsager, Cheshire.
1868 McLicHLAtf, B, W., ESQ., 55, St. Monique Street, Montreal,
Canada.
1897MILNE,J. GRAFTON, ESQ., M.A., Mansfield House,Canning

Town, E.
1887MUTTON, THOS. ESQ., W, Chase Sidings, Enfield. 1887 MITCHEUL, C., ESQ., E. (care of Messrs.H. S. Eong & Co.,
65, Comhill). 1888 MONTAGUE, A. D., ESQ., Penton, near Crediton, Devon. L.
1879 MORRIESON, MAJOR WALTERS, H. E.A., 7, Esplanade,Plymouth.
1885MURDOCH, Jomr GLOAG, ESQ.,Huntingtower, The Terrace, Camden Square,N.W. 1894MUHPHT,WAITER ELLIOT, ESQ., 93, St. George'sEoad,
Pimlico, 8.W.
1893KAPLER, PROP. S., M.A., Ph.D., Hedington Hill, Oxford. A.

1890 NEAJLE, C. MONTAGUE,ESQ., 38, Tierney Eoad, Streatham Hill, S.W. 1864 NECK, J F., Esq, care of Mr. P. W. Oxford Street, W.C. bridge. Lincoln, 69, New
1892NEIL, E. AIEXAHDER, ESQ.,M.A., PembrokeCollege,Cam1880NELSON, EALPH, ESQ.,55, North Bondgate,Bishop Auckland.
1891NERYEGNA, G.,Bnndisi, Italy. M., 1884NUTTEB,, JOR Eough Lee, Accrington. MA W., 1897*0'HAGAN, HENRY OSBORNE, ESQ., Al4, The Albany, Piccadilly, W.
1885 OLIVER, E. EMMERSON, ESQ., M.E.A.S., M.Inst.O.E,
Secretary Government,P.W.D., Lahore,Panjab, India. to 1882OMAN, C. W. C,, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., All Souls' College,
Oxford.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
11
1890 PAGE,SAMUEL, ESQ.,Hanway House, Nottingham. 1890PATON, E., ESQ., W. Mitylene, Turkey in Asia. 1896*PEARSON, ESQ.,J.P., Brickendonbury, Hertford. G.,
1882 *PECKOYER,ALEX., ESQ., P.S.A., House, Wisbech.
Middlesex.
F.L.S., F.E.G.S., Bank
1896PEERS, E., ESQ., C. M.A., Harrow Weald Yicarage? Stanmore, 1894 PERRY, HENRY,ESQ.. Mddleton Mount, Eeigate. 1862 *PERRY, MARTEN, ESQ., M.D., Spalding, Lincolnshire. 1888PINCHES, JOHN HARVEY, ESQ.,27, Oxenden Street, Haymarket.
1882 PIXLEY, FRANCISW., ESQ., E.S.A., 23, Linden Gardens, W.
1861 POLLEXPEN, JOHN H., M.A., F.S.A., Middleton Tyas, REV.

Richmond, Yorkshire,
1881 POWELL, SAMUEL, ESQ., Ivy House,Welshpool.

1887 PREVOST, AUGUSTUS, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A., Terrace, W. Gardens, S.W. 1878 PRIDBAUX, COL. W. E., O.S.I., E.E.G.S., M.E.A.S., 79, Westbourne
1897PRICE, G. HILTON,ESQ.,E.S.A., F.Q.S., 17, Oollingnam E.
Kingsland, Shrewsbury. 1896PROPERT, ESQ.,99, GloucesterPlace, Portman Square. A.,

1887 EANSOM, W., ESQ., E.S.A., F.L.S., Fairfield, HitcMn, Herts.
1893EAPHAEL, OSCAR ESQ.,Bankhall Engine "Works,Sand0.,

Mils, Liverpool. 1890 EAPSON,E. J., ESQ., M.A., Britisli Museum, W.O.
1848 RASHLEIGH, JONATHAN, ESQ., Menabilly, Par Station,

Cornwall.
1887 EEADY, W. TALBOT,ESQ., 55, Eathbone Place, W. 1882 EJOHARDSON, B., ESQ., F.S.A. Scot., 16, Coates Orescent, A. Edinburgli.
1890EIOKETTS, ARTHUR, ESQ., 16, Upper Grange Eoad, Old

KentEoad, S.E.
1895EEDGEWAY, PROFESSOR M.A., Fen Ditton, Cambridge. W.

1876 *EOBERTSON, D. ESQ., M.A., 6, Park Eoad, Eiclnnond J. HiU, Surrey.
12
ELECTED
LIST OF MEMBERS.
1889ROME,WILLIAM, ESQ.,C.C.,F.S.A., F.L.S., Oxford Lodge,

"Wimbledon Common.
1862 ROSTRON, SIMPSON, ESQ.,1, Hare Court, Temple.
1896 *RoTH, BERNARD,ESQ., J.P., "Wayside,Preston Park, Brighton.
1872 *SALAS,MIGTJEL ESQS247, "Florida Street, Buenos Ayres, T.,
1877 *SAm>EMAN, LiEUT.-CoL.JOHNQLAS, F.S.A., 24, Cambridge Square, Hyde Park, W.

1875 SCHTNDLER, GENERAL A. H., care of Messrs. W. Dawson
and Son,Bream's Buildings, ChanceryLane, W.C.

1895 SELBT, HENRY JOHN, ESQ., The Vale, Shortlands, Kent,
1890SELTMAOT, J., EsQ./WTiitgift, E. GrangeEoad,Button, Surrey.

1891 SERRXJRE, RAYMOND,19, Rue des Petits Champs, Paris. M., 1889 SIDEBOTHAM, J., ESQ.,M.B.,Erlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire. E.
1896 SIMPSON, E., ESQ., C. Huntriss Row, Scarborough,

1893 *SiMS, R. F. M., ESQ., 12, Hertford Street, Mayfair, W. 1896 SINHA, KtJMVAR KusHAL PAL-RAIS OFKoTLA, Kotla, Agra,
India.
1887 SMITH, H. P., ESQ., 256, West 52nd Street, New York 1883 SMITH, It. HOBAB.T, ESQ., 542, West 150th Street, New*
York.
1866 SMITHS SAMTJEL, ESQ.,JTJN 25, Croxteth Road, Prince's Park, , Liverpool.
1890SMITH, W. BERESFORD, , Kenmore, Yanbrugh Park ESQ

Road West, Blackheath.
1892 SMITH,YINCENT ESQ., A., Gorakhpur, N.W.P., India. 1881 SMITHS, J.DOYLE,ESQ., F.G.S., Ecclesdin,Upper Norwood. 1890 *SPEBTOE,J., ESQ South PrestonLodê, North Shields. C. ,
1867 SPICEB, FKEDEBICK, ESQ.,Hillside, Prestwich Park, Prestwich,
Manchester.
1887 SPINE,C, F., ESQ., Piccadilly, W, 17,

1894 SPINK, SAMUELM., ESQ., 2, Gracechurch Street, E,C. 1890 STAMFOKD,. CHARLES G. THOMAS-, ESQ., 3, Gardens, S.W. Ennismore
LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
13
1893 STGBART, M., ESQ., J. 0-lenelg,4, Eouth Eoad, Wandsworth

Common, S.W. 1889 STORY,MAJOR-GEN. VALENTINE FREDERICK, The Forest,
Nottingham. 1869 *STREATFEILD, REV. GEORGE SIDNEY, Yicarage, Streatham

Common, S.W. 1896 STRIDE, ARTHUR LEWIS, ESQ., J.P., Bush Hall, Hatfield. 1894 STROEHUN,M., P. C., 86, Eoute de Chene, Geneva, Switzerland.
1864 *STUBBS, MAJOR-GEN. F. W., E.A., M.E.A.S., Terrace, St. Luke's, Cork, Ireland. 1875 STITDD,E. FAIRFAX,ESQ., Oxton, Exeter.
2, Clarence
1893STURT,LIEUT.-COL. N., 2nd Panj&bInfantry, EdwardesE.

abad, Panj^b,India.
1870 STTGDEN, ESQ., JOHN, Dockroyd,nearKeighley.

1885 STMONDS,HENRY, ESQ., 30, Bolton Gardens, South .Ken-
sington, S.W.
1896 *TAFFS, H. W., ESQ., 88, Herbert Eoad, Plumstead, S.E. 1879 TALBOT, MAJOR THE HON. MILO GEORGE, E.E., 2, Paper
Buildings, Temple,E.C.
189*7TALBOT,W. S., ESQ., C. S. Settlement Offices, Jhelum,
Panjab, India. 1888TATTOST, E., ESQ., THOS. Wythenshawe, Nortlienden,C]iesMre. 1892 *TAYLOR, WRIGHT, ESQ.,F.S.A., 8,, Stone Buildings, B.
Lincoln's Inn, W.C. 1887 TAYLOR, W. H., ESQ., The Croft, Wheelwright Eoad,
Erdington, near Birmingham. 1887 THAIRLWALL, J., ESQ.,12, Upper Park Eoad,Haverstock T.
HiU,Isr.W.
1880 *THEOBALD, ESQ., W., Budleigh Salterton, S. Devon. 1896THOMPSON, HERBERT, ESQ.,35, Wimpole Street,W.
1896 THORBTTRN, HENRY W., ESQ., Cradock Yilla, Bishop Auckland.
1888 THURSTON, ESQ., E., Central GovernmentMuseum, Madras.
14
KLBCTTED
LIST
OF MEMBERS.
1895TELLSTONE, X, ESQ.,c/o F. W. Madden, Esq., Brighton P. Public Library, Eoyal Pavilion, Brighton.
1894 TRIGGS,A. B., ESQ., Bank of New South Wales, Tass, New
South Wales.
1880TRIST, J. W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.I., 62, Old Broad Street,

E.C.
1887 TROTTER,LIETIT.-COL.HEITOY, C.B., United Service dub.
1874 VERITY^ JAMES, The Headlands, ESQ., Earlsheaton, Dewsbury.

1893 YIRTTJE, HERBERT, ESQ., 294, City Eoad, E 0. 1874 YIZE, GEORGEHENRY, ESQ., Stock Orchard House, 526, Caledonian Eoad, N. 1892 YOST,DR. W., Gonda, Oude, India.
1875 WAKEFOKD, GEORGE, ESQ.,Knightrlder Street, Maidstone. 1883WALKER, E. K, ESQ.,M.A., Trin. CoU. Dub., Watergate, Heath Eoad,Bray, Ireland.
1897 WALTERS, FRED. A., ESQ., 37, Old Queen Street, Westminster, S.W. 1894 WARD, JOHCT, ESQ., J.P.,
Ireland.
F.S.A.,
Lenoxvale,
Belfast,
1889 WARKEE-,COL. FALKLAND, C.M.G., The Grande Prairie, vid
Duck's
Columbia.
Station, Canadian Pacific Eailway, British
1887 *WEBER, EDWARD ESQ., Alster, Hamburg, Germany. P., 58,

1885 *WEBER, FREDERIC P., ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., Street, W. 1883 *WEBER, HERMANN-, ESQ., M.D., 19, Harley
10, Grosvenor Street,
GrosvenorSquare,W,, Vice-President. 1884 WEBSTER, J., ESQ., c/o Messrs. Spink, 17, Piccadilly, W.
W.
1883 WHELAN, E., ESQ., Bloomsbury Street,W.C. F. 6, 1869*WIGRAM, MRS. LEWIS (address kno^wn). not
1881 WILLIAMSON, GEO. CM ESQ., F.E S.L., The Mount, Guild-
ford, Surrey.
1869 WINSEE, THOUOLS ESQ.,81, Shooter's Hill Eoad, Blackheath, B.,
SJL
LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
15
1868 WOOD, HUMPHREY, Esq, F.S.A., Chatham. I860 WORMS, BAEON GEOEGE F.B.G.S.^.S.A., M.E.S.L., E.G.S., DE, D.L., J P., 17, Park Orescent, PortlandPkce, W. L883 WEIGHT, EEV.WILLIAM,D.D., Woolsthoipe,10,TheAvenue,
Upper Norwood, S.E.
L880 WEOTH, W., ESQ.,F.S.A., British Museum,Foreign W.

Secretary.
L885WTON, ALLAN, ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.A.Scot,, 2, Langham

Chambers, Portland Place, W.
L889YEATES, WILLSON,ESQ.,15, Cleveland Gardens,Hyde F.

Park, W. L880 Yo-rara, AETHUE W., ESQ.,12, Hyde Park Terrace, W.
HONORARY
ELECTED
MEMBERS.
L891 BABELON, EENEST, M. BibliothSque Nationale, Paris. L862BAETHELEMT, A. BE, 9, Eue d'Anjou, Paris, M. L882CHAJBOUILLET,A., Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. M.
L8S1 DAJOTENBEE^, HEBE H., Berlin. L893 GNECCHI, SIGE. PEAITOESOO, Milan. L886 HJEEBST, HEEE C. P., Director of the Museum of Northern
Antiquities andInspectorof the Coin Cabinet,Copenhagen* L886HiLBEBEAln),DE. HANS,Eiksantiquarien, Stockholm. L873IMHOOS-BLTIMEE,E., Winterthur,Switzerland. DE.
L893 JOTGHE, M. le Yicomte B. de, Brussels. L878 KEIOTEE,DE. F., K K. Museum, Vienna,
L893 LOEBBECKE, HEEE A,, Brunswick.

L878MOMMSE3ST, PEOEESSOE DE. THEOBOE,Berlin.
16
TEMHJTED
LIST OF MEMBERS.
1895EEINACH, THEODOBE, Eue Muxillo, Paris. M. 26, 1896 EODGEBS, J., ESQ., 106, Hall C. Birmingham.
1865 Six, M. J. P., Amsterdam.
Eoad, Handsworth,
1891 SVORONOS,J. N., Conservateur Cabinetdes MedaiUes, M. du

Athens.
1881TiESENHAxrsEir, PBOF. W., Pont de la Police, 17, St. Petersburg, 1886WEIL, Du. EUDOLP, Koniglicae Museen,Berlin.
MEDALLISTS
I5f THE ]STUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
1883 CHARLES EOAOH SMITH, ESQ., F.S.A. 1884 AQTJTLLA SMITH, ESQ., M.D., M.E.I.A. 1885 ED-WARD THOMAS,ESQ, F.E.S. 1886 MAJOB-GENEBAL ALEXANBEB CUNNINGHAM,O.S.I., C.I.E.
1887 JOHNETANTS, ESQ.,D.O.L., LL.D., P.E.S., P.S.A. (in gold).

1888 DB. F. IMHOOF-BLUMER, Wintertkor. of 1889 PBOFESSOB PEBOY GABDNER,Litt.D., 1890 MONSIEITB P. Six, of Amsterdam, J. F.S.A.
1891DB. 0. LTJDWIG MULLER, Copenhagen. of

1892 PBO:FESSOR STUARTPOOLE,LL.D. E. 1893 MONSIEURW- H. WADDINGTON, Senateur, Membre de Tinstitat, Paris. 1894 HABLEBFRANCISZEART, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A. 1895 PROFESSOR THEODOB DB. MOMMSEN, Berlin. of 18% FBEDEBICW. MADDEN, ESQ., M.E.A.S. DR. AIRBED VONSALLET, of Berlin.

Num Chron 1897

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Num Chron 1897

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THE

JOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC

SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., TBEAS.R.S.,

BAECLAY V. HEAD, D.C.L., PH.D.,

ASSISTANT-XEEFEB COINS, OP BRITISHMUSEUM

man^nt -Ov. Fast.

PARIS: MM. EOLLIH ET FEUAEDENT,

LONDOKZ POINTEDBY J 8. VIRTUEAND CO., USUTED, CTTTBOAD

On a Coin of Hierapytna, in Crete, hitherto wrongly attributed. By M. J. P. Lamhros 31

A Find of RomanDenarii near Cambridge. By William C.

Pass(Matterjoeh). By Edward Whymper, Esq. .

Monnaies grecques, inedites et incertaines. By Dr. J. P. Six

On the North-Humbrian Coinage of A.D. 758-808.

A Eind of Coins at Crediton, N. Devon.

On Some Coins of William

On a Hoard of Short-cross Pennies, By L. A, Lawrence, Esq.

On the Mint of Barnstaple. By L. A. Lawrence,Esq. .

the Great, to a Medallist of Pope Pan! III., possibly

Nachtrageund Beriehtigungen Miinzkundederrdmischen zrur

Catalogue the Coinsof the Achsean of League, Compiledby

Three BareMedalsmadeby W Mossop

UndescribedPenny of King John An UnpublishedCoorgMedal .

A Little Silver Coin of En Nasir, Imam of San'a

Boman Denarufound near Cambridge . French Boyalist Medalsmadeby W. Mossop .

Coins of Harold Coins from

XV, The Honley Find

that is, accordingto him, litrae of bronze,not silver, for

1 Gabrici,Topografta numimaticadelVantica Imera,p. 86, e

Vltalie antique, i., p. 79, vol.

he expresses himself as follows:4-" L'argent occupe en

Fexistence pieces des marqueesFIEN (pentelitron)et AI

dard,unless credit of the nation be first deiferoyed. the

kets with the copper standard. When, with growing

SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON BAKLY COINSOF HIMERA.

weight,weget on the most favourablecomputation from

a matter of practice .Aristotle would have hardly accepted

a lumpof copper the weight of lessthan 1,000grainsin of

governed, the coppersymbolof it. But if we assume not

iudica^pthesix obols a drachm. But I doubtthis, of

thoughcommon archaic coinsof various parts of the on

I have, however, read about a fall in the weight of

the rare legendAIT (retrograde),in placeof the usual

dont d'autres petites piecesdu memegenre sont inscrites,

All areagreed that the little silver coinsof the Sikel

These tiny coins,produced wholesale trifling everyfor

the matterof exactweight,as the mints were,evidently,

SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON EARLT COINSOF HIMERA.

content to get a certain number out of a certain

each piece. Despite such accidentalirregularities, the

pieces An,d if it be objectedthat these coins did not ?

objection) the issues later times (some them quite to of of

with a numeral after it. At least, no other way (V) in

hasnot madeup his mind, I do not hesitateto saythatcould be none

and othernativeItalian races seem haveemployed, to from

crossingfrom Italy, doubtlessintroducedit into Sicily.

Thereason the meaningof this particularsigndoes for

not seem far to seek, and as it differs from the cus-

bymeans crossing of strokes, this: DHUH? signfor like the

weightwill produce multiple of but 67*5grains. a

proceeding this plan onemay arrive at any conclusion, on

SUPPOSED SIGNSOF VALUE ON EARLY COINSOF HIMERA.

andit mightbecontended aswell that, for example, just

the other, but have been so inscribed to indicate that they