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PREPARED BY
Diodes
Module Contents
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Electrical Components
3.3 Components Coding
3.4 Class and Lab Activities
3.1 Introduction
Have you ever opened your personal computer (PC) or your radio from the inside? If
you tried so, have you seen the electrical boards with many components mounted on
them? Figure 3.1 shows an example of a PC electrical board with different
components. In this module, we will study these components and understand their
usages and applications.
Symbol
Function
Lamp
Light Indicator
Motor
Motion Indicator
Buzzer
Sound Indictor
Picture
Compone
nt
Symbol
Function
Resistors limit the current flow
Resistor
Variable
Resistor
Picture
Compone
nt
Symbol
Function
Picture
Capacitors store
electrical charge and
are used in:
-
Timer Circuits
Capacitor
Inductors store
magnetic field and are
used in:
-
Electric bells
Door locks
Inductor
Diode
1. Cathode (K)(-) :
located to the line
perpendicular to
the point of the
arrowhead
2. Anode (A) (+):
located at the
opposite end of the
cathode.
Module 3: Basic Electrical Components 7
Exercises:
State the resistors value and tolerance for the following resistors:
Red
Green Black
Gold
5 %
10 %
R = 25 5%
R = 470 10%
Violet
Red
Black
Gold
5 %
R = 72 5%
Red
000
10%
R = 94000 10%
Blue
R = ---------------------------------------------
R = -------------------------------------------
Ignore any letters - they just indicate tolerance and voltage rating.
Example 1:
You have a capacitor with "104" stamped on it.
- The first two digits are: 1 0
- The third digit is: 4 so add four zeros to the 1 0 1 0, 0 0 0 0 pF
Exercises:
State the capacitance value for the following capacitors:
683
222
C = 1000 pF
C=68000 pF
C = 2200 pF
154
471
541
C = ---------
C = ---------
C = ---------
102
10
3.4
Items Required:
Steps:
1. Using the color coding method, identify the resistance value of various
resistors
2. Fill the table below:
No
st
1 band color
and value
2nd band
3rd band
color and
color and
value
value
Resistanc
Toleranc
e ()
1
2
3
4
Items Required:
Potentiometer
9V Battery
9 V Light Bulb
Alligator Clips
Steps:
1. Connect the following circuit:
2.
Rotate the spindle of the potentiometer. What do you observe on the light
brightness?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
Items Required:
LDR
9V Battery
9 V Light Bulb
Alligator Clips
Steps:
1. Connect the following circuit:
2. Expose the LDR to light. What happen to the brightness of the lamp?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Put the LDR in the dark. What happen to the brightness of the lamp?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. State some applications of LDRs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Items Required:
Capacitors with various values
Steps:
1. Identify the capacitance value of various capacitors.
2. Fill the table below:
No
Capacitance (F)
1
2
3
4
Symbol
LDR
Diode
Variable Resistor
Capacitor
Resistor
Inductor