Design a microprocessor (8085) based system according the specifications provided below. General description of the problem: 1.

The specification provided for the system is given in general English and thus subject to ambiguity. Develop a technical and unambiguous specification for the same. You may make valid and reasonable assumptions necessary for the realization of the system using 8085 processors, external memory and other necessary peripherals. External peripheral hardware like UART, DMA controllers etc. may be used only when the specification is impossible (or too involved) to realize using the mere processor. 2. Draw the schematic block diagram of the system to illustrate the scheme. 3. Write the 8085 program. 4. Analyze maximum operating frequency of the system. Illustrate this using timing diagram: speed of memory, peripherals (ADCs etc.), and processor execution time using T cycles and crystal speed. 5. How the operating speed of the system can be enhanced? Redesign the system by sharing the operations done by the microprocessor alone, with suitable peripheral devices or dedicated simple hardware like counters etc. Study the rise in operating speed. 6. Design the system using 8085 kits, on board memory, ADCs, DACs, UART etc. Or you may use a Simulator to run the assembly language code and verify the same 7. Remember when the results are to be recorded in the memory use an appropriate format that would help in easy data retrieval and use.

The general block diagram is given below:

Operation complete (Data valid) Active high signal

Microprocessor based system + Memory + Peripherals

Input port

Bi-directional port

Start operation (Data valid) Asynchronous Signal Output port

Problem 1: Some applications require that the microprocessor deal with analog information. For example, reading the voltage off some circuit element, which can range from 0 to 12V. In that case the voltage is not simply on or off, but rather a range of possibilities. An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is used to digitize the voltage level to a 4-bit binary number that is proportional to the voltage. Design a system that samples an incoming analog input, digitizes it and store it in memory. Determine the full specifications including sampling rate, ADC resolution, storage requirement etc. based on availability of resources. Problem 2: Another application may require the microprocessor to generate arbitrary analog waveform generation. A Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) is needed to accomplish this task. Generate 8 bit random binary numbers and store in the external memory. Use a DAC to convert the digital pattern set to an arbitrary analog voltage at a given specified frequency. Problem 3: Some communication systems require a bridge that converts serial data to parallel and vice versa. Design a system (without using a UART) that takes parallel data through a parallel port, stores them in a temporary memory, and sends them using a serial port.

Problem 4: Design a system (without using a UART) that takes data through a serial port, stores them in a temporary memory, and sends them using a serial port. Use standard communication protocols for the conversion or define a simple one for convenience. Problem 5 and 6: As you might know that a digital logic voltage is normally at 0 or 5 V if it is not at the float (or high impedance) state. So an output bit can carry only the information of 1 or 0 that is obviously too limited. As you may want a signal to be more expressive, the method of pulse width modulation may be useful to you. That is, apart from the voltage level, the time duration of the signal is also used to carry information. It is by changing the ratio of Ton/Toff, we may be able to encode a range of different information using one single bit. An important application is speed control for Direct Current (DC) motors. If we change the ratio of value Ton/Toff, and use it to turn on and off a DC motor regularly, we control different amount of energy transmitted to the motor. Hence alters the speed of rotation of the motor. Problem 5: Design a system that takes in a PWM signal and generates analog voltage output accordingly. At regular intervals update the memory to store the voltage generated at that instant. Problem 6: Design a system that takes in an analog signal in digitized form, from the memory and generate a PWM wave to encode the same.

Problem 7: Digital CROs require frequency measurement for a wide range of frequencies. Design a system that measures the average frequency of a square wave ranging from HZ to MHz range. Store the average result in the memory. Hint: For measuring the signals at Hz range use the system clock to increment the counter in the processor when the external signal is logic high. For signals in the MHz domain use the external signal to increment an external counter when the system clock is high. This is required because the microprocessor runs typically at 2-3 MHz. Problem 8: Electronic Voting Machine The gadget is well known to all citizens for India who are eligible to vote. Decide on your own the features you want to include in the system to be developed and propose a scheme to implement the same. Problem 9: Electronic Temperature Recording Machine A gadget that records temperature of a system and records it in a memory and displays it using a seven segment display. The recorded data can be erased and retrieved by the user. For efficient use of the memory the new data are entered iff there is a subsequent difference in the temperature compared to the last recorded event. Problem 10: Electronic Nameplate A nameplate having a keyboard and a display that asks for the user name and displays a message for visitor as programmed by the owner in case of his absence. The visitor is identified his name and in case of anonymous ones a simple message out of station is displayed. The visitor may leave a recovered or typed message for the owner. List out more features for this gadget and propose a scheme to implement the same.

Problem 11: Automatic Entry System A security system for a automated building. The doors have a keypad and the user needs to enter a password for opening the door. Once opened it closes within a short while after the entry of the user. The control system for multiple number of doors in a building are controlled by a central system. The persons entering and leaving are logged in a central data database. Suggest the necessary security features required for the design of a secured building; like entry of a wrong password for more than 3 times etc. Problem 12: Automatic Water Sprinkler An automatic watering system for irrigation in fields. The sprinkler system has a moisture sensor and depending on the nature of crops and moisture level, a solenoid valve controlling the sprinkler is turned off or on. The designer must keep in mind that the gadget is to be used universally. Hence parameters like threshold level of the moisture (depending on nature of crops) should be programmable.

Find the advantages and disadvantages of using a general-purpose processor for design of gadgets dedicated to serve a special purpose Design an FPGA-based system for the problem solved using the General Purpose Processor (80805) according to the specifications provided below. General description of the problem: 1. The specification developed for the system was in general English and thus subject to ambiguity. Develop a formal, technical and unambiguous specification for the same. You may use UML (rational Rose) for the same. 2. Implement the system using dedicated ICs and FPGAs. ALTERA Quarts II setup for this. 3. Analyze maximum operating frequency of the system, power consumed, area taken etc. You may use the

4. Compare the performance of the current implementation to that of the one using 8085 Processor. 5. Suggest some Algorithmic, Architectural and Technology Enhancements required to enhance the performance of the system; Use of ASICs in place of FPGAs. The general block diagram is given below:

Input port Operation complete (Data valid) Active high signal FPGA based ASP system + Memory + Peripherals

Bi-directional port

Start operation (Data valid) Asynchronous Signal Output port