S GIO DC-O TO

THI NGHI K THI OLYMPIC BSCL

SC TRNG
Nm hc 2008-2009
-------o0o-----------------/ / / ----------- chnh thc
Mn : Ho hc Lp 12
( Thi gian lm bi 180 pht, khng k pht )
( thi ny c 2 trang gm 9 cu)
CU 1 (2,5)
Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22.
a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v tn nguyn t X.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X v cc ion to thnh t X.
CU 2 (3) :
1) Cho dung dch Mg2+ 0,01M. Tnh pH :
a) Bt u kt ta Mg(0H)2.
b) Kt ta hon ton Mg (0H)2, bit rng Mg(0H)2 c coi l kt ta hon ton khi nng ion
Mg2+ sau khi kt ta ch bng 0,01% so vi lng ban u c trong dung dch .Cho TMg(0H)2 = 6.10-10.
2) Trn x lt dung dch axt mnh (HA) c pH = 4. Vi y lt dung dch baz mnh (B0H) c pH = 9.
Tnh t l x : y thu c dung dch c pH = 6.
CU 3 (2 )
N2O4 phn li theo phng trnh :
(1)

NO
2NO
2

4 (K)

(2)

2 (K)

25oC cho n mol kh N2O4 vo mt bnh kn ( ht ht khng kh) phn li ca N2O4 l v p sut ca
h lc cn bng l Patm.
a) Thit lp mi lin h gia hng s cn bng Kp vi n, , p.
b) 25oC, p = 1 atm, phn li = 18,46%. Tnh Kp.
c) Tnh phn li ca N2O4 25oC v di p sut p = 0,5atm, p = 0,1 atm. Cc kt qu tnh c
c ph hp vi nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng khng ? Ti sao ?
CU 4 (2 ) .Cht lng N2H4 c th dng lm nhin liu y tn la
1. Tnh nhit to thnh ca N2H4 khi bit:

1
N 2( k ) + O2( k ) NO2( k ) H1 = 33,18 kJ
2
1
H 2( k ) + O2( k ) H 2 O( k ) H 2 = 241, 6 kJ
2
N 2 H 4( k ) + 3 O2( k ) 2 NO2( k ) + 2 H 2 O( k ) H 3 = 467, 44 kJ

2. Trong nhin liu y tn la, hidrazin lng phn ng vi hidropeoxit lng to ra nit v hi nc. Vit
phng trnh phn ng v tnh nhit to ra khi 1m3 (ktc) kh N2H4 phn ng , bit nhit to thnh ca
H2O2(l) l :-187,8kJ/ mol.

CU 5 (2 ) .Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al vo m2 gam dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cc kim loi
tan ht c 8,96 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O, N2 bay ra ( ktc) v dung dch A. Thm mt
lng va O2 vo hn hp X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH
d c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z thot ra ( ktc). T khi ca Z i vi H2 bng 1,38. Nu cho dung dch NH3
d vo dung dch A thu c 62,2 gam kt ta.
Tnh m1, m2. (Bit lng HNO3 ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit, dung dch A khi tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH khng c kh NH3 thot ra)
CU 6 (2 )
Ha tan 26,64g cht X l tinh th mui sunfat ngm nc ca kim loi M (ha tr x) vo nc c
dung dch A.
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NH3 va c kt ta B, nung nng B nhit cao
n khi lng khng i cn li 4,08g cht rn.
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 va c 27,84g kt ta Barisunfat.
1. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
2. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M cn cho vo dung dch A c lng kt ta ln nht, v
th tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M t nht khng c kt ta to thnh.
3. Cho 250ml dung dch KOH phn ng ht vi dung dch A, c 2,34g kt ta. Tnh nng
mol/l ca dung dch KOH.
CU 7 (2 )
1. C mt hn hp cc cht rn gm: p-metylanilin, axit benzoic, naphtalen. Trnh by ngn gn
phng php ho hc tch ring tng cht. Vit phng trnh phn ng (1).
2. C 5 l ng ring bit cc cht: axit benzoic (A); Benzanehit(B); Metylphenyl ete (C); ancol
benzylic (D); isopropyl benzen (E). Bit A, B, C, D l cht lng. Hy sp xp th t tng dn nhit si ,
gii thch.
Cu 8 (2,5 )
Hp cht hu c A c 88,24%C v 11,76% H, t khi hi ca A i vi ancol etylic l 2,957.
a. Tm CTPT A, tnh tng s lin kt i v s vng no trong phn t A
b. Tnh s vng no ca A, bit rng hidro ho hon ton A thu c hp cht no B c CTPT CxH2x
c. Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A, bit rng A tc dng vi dung dch brm theo t l mol
1:1 v A tc dng vi nc (H+ xc tc) thu c cht (C) c cng thc cu to nh sau:

CH3

HO CH
2

CH2

OH
CH C

C
CH2

CH2

CH3

CH3

Cu 9 . (2 im)
Penta peptit A c cu to bi cc aminoaxit Ser, Val, Ala, Gly theo t l mol 1:2:1:1 tng ng.
thu phn A nh enzim amino peptiara thu c Val v mt Tetra peptit, thu phn A nh enzim cacboxi
peptiara thu c Gly v mt Tetra peptit. Thu phn tng phn A thu c cc ipeptit Val-Ala; Val-Ser;
Ala-Gly. Vit cng thc cu to ca A
S GIO DC-O TO

P N NGHI K THI OLYMPIC BSCL

SC TRNG
-------o0o----------------

Nm hc 2008-2009
------------/ / /
Mn : Ho hc Lp 12

CU 1 (2,5)
Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22.
a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v tn nguyn t X.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X v cc ion to thnh t X.
p n:
a) S hiu, s khi v tn ca X.

e + p + n = 82 (I)
- S ht mang in: e + p v s ht khng mang in n , nn t :
e + p n = 22 (II)
- Trong 1 nguyn t th: e = p (III)
Gii h (I) (II) (III): e = 26 ; n = 30
- Theo :

+ S hiu ca X l: 26.
+ S khi ca X l: 30 + 26 = 56

Tn: St Fe

1,75

b) Cu hnh e:
Fe : (z=26): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
Fe 2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s0
Fe3+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s0
CU 2 (3) :

0,75

1) Cho dung dch Mg2+ 0,01M. Tnh pH :

a) Bt u kt ta Mg(0H)2.
b) Kt ta hon ton Mg (0H)2, bit rng Mg(0H)2 c coi l kt ta hon ton khi nng ion
Mg2+ sau khi kt ta ch bng 0,01% so vi lng ban u c trong dung dch .Cho TMg(0H)2 = 6.10-10.
2) Trn x lt dung dch axt mnh (HA) c pH = 4. Vi y lt dung dch baz mnh (B0H) c pH = 9.
Tnh t l x : y thu c dung dch c pH = 6.
p n (3 )
1. a) - pH bt u kt ta Mg(0H)2
Mg2+ + 20H- Mg(0H)2
- Khi c 1 t kt ta Mg(0H)2 xut hin trong dung dch, ta c:
[Mg2+] [0H-]2 = T = 6.10-10 = 10-2[0H-]2

6.10 10

[OH ] =
= 6.10 8 [OH ]= 2, 45.10
2
10
10 14
+
[ H ]=
= 0, 408.10 10
M
4
2, 45.10
2

pH= log 0, 408.10 =10 10, 4

( hoc p0H = -lg [0H-] = 3,6 pH = 14 - 3,6 )
pH = 10,4

(1 )

b) - pH kt ta hon ton Mg(0H)2

- Kt ta c coi l hon ton nu sau khi kt ta.

[ Mg 2 + ] =

0, 01.10 2
= 10 6 M
100

[Mg2+] [0H-]2 = 6.10-10 10-6 [0H-]2 = 6.10-6

[0H-]2 = 6.10-4 [0H-] = 2,45.10-2M
p0H = 1,6 pH = 14 - 1,6 = 12,4.

(1 )

2.
+ Dung dch HA c pH = 4 [H+] = 10-4 = [HA]
- S mol HA = x.10-4 mol
+ Dung dch BOH c pH = 9 [OH-] = 10-5 M
- S mol BOH = y.10-5 mol
- V dung dch sau phn ng c pH = 6 axit d
HA + BOH BA + H2O
10-5y

10-5y

- S mol HA d = 10-4x - 10-5y.

[H+] = [HA] =

104 x 105 y
= 106
x+ y

10 x - y = 0,1 (x + y)
9,9 x = 1,1 y

x 11 1
=
=
y 99 9

(1.)

CU 3 (2 )
N2O4 phn li theo phng trnh :
(1)

NO
2NO
2

4 (K)

(2)

2 (K)

 25oC cho n mol kh N2O4 vo mt bnh kn ( ht ht khng kh) phn li ca N2O4 l v p sut ca
h lc cn bng l Patm.
a) Thit lp mi lin h gia hng s cn bng Kp vi n, , p.
b) 25oC, p = 1 atm, phn li = 18,46%. Tnh Kp.
c) Tnh phn li ca N2O4 25oC v di p sut p = 0,5atm, p = 0,1 atm. Cc kt qu tnh c
c ph hp vi nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng khng ? Ti sao ?
p n (2 )
3. a. Thit lp mi lin h Kp vi n, , p.
(1)

2NO2 (K)

(2)

N2O4 (K)
Nb:

phn li:
Ncb:

(n - )

n = (n - ) + 2 = n +

(0,25 )

P2NO2

Kp =

PNO2 = P.

PN2O4

(0,25)
( + n)

(n - )
PN2O4

.P

(0,25)

(n + )
1
Kp = p . 4 . 2 .

(0,25)
n2 - 2

b) Tnh Kp (n = 1)
1
- Kp = 4 . p . 2

= 0,142

(0.5 )

n2 - 2
c) P= 0,5 atm
P= 0,1 atm

= 25,7% Cbdc (2) PHNLCDcb

(0.25 )

= 51,18% Cbdc (1) PHNLCDcb

( 0,25 )

CU 4 (2 ) .Cht lng N2H4 c th dng lm nhin liu y tn la

2. Tnh nhit to thnh ca N2H4 khi bit:

1
N 2( k ) + O2( k ) NO2( k ) H1 = 33,18 kJ
2
1
H 2( k ) + O2( k ) H 2 O( k ) H 2 = 241, 6 kJ
2
N 2 H 4( k ) + 3 O2( k ) 2 NO2( k ) + 2 H 2 O( k ) H 3 = 467, 44 kJ

2. Trong nhin liu y tn la, hidrazin lng phn ng vi hidropeoxit lng to ra nit v hi nc.
Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh nhit to ra khi 1m3 (ktc) kh N2H4 phn ng , bit nhit to thnh ca
H2O2(l) l :-187,8kJ/ mol.

p n (2 )
1.Nhit to thnh ca N2H4 l
Ta c:

H 3 = 2 H NO

2( k )

+ 2 H H O HN H
3 H O
2 4( k )
2 (k)
2( k )

H N H
= (2 H NO
+ 2 H H O ) +3 H O
H3
2 4( k )
2 (k)
2( k )
2( k )
= [(2.33,18) + 2. ( 241, 6)] + 0 ( 467, 44)
= 50, 6 kJ / mol
Tnh c nhit to thnh ca NO2, H2O mi cht 0,25 ; ca N2H4 (0,5 )
2. N2H4(k) + H2O2(k) N2(k) + 2H2O(k)
H pu = 2H H O (k ) [( H H O (k ) + H N H )]
2 4( k )
2
2 2
= 2(241, 6) [( 187,8) + 50, 6]
= 346 kJ

( 0,5 )

Khi 1 mol kh N2H4 phn ng to ra 346 kJ. Vy nhit lng to ra khi t chy 1m3 kh N2H4 (ktc)
1000.( 346)
l:
(0,5 )
= 15.44, 43 kJ
22, 4
CU 5 (2 ) .Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al vo m2 gam dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cc kim loi
tan ht c 8,96 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O, N2 bay ra ( ktc) v dung dch A. Thm mt
lng va O2 vo hn hp X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH
d c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z thot ra ( ktc). T khi ca Z i vi H2 bng 1,38. Nu cho dung dch NH3
d vo dung dch A thu c 62,2 gam kt ta.
Tnh m1, m2. (Bit lng HNO3 ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit, dung dch A khi tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH khng c kh NH3 thot ra)
p n
S mol ca hn hp X: nhhX =

8,96
= 0, 4mol
22, 4

Khi cho O2 vo hn hp X c phn ng 2NO + O2 2NO2

nhhX = nhhy
Khi cho ha hc Y vo dung dch NaOH c phn ng:
NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O
2NO2 + 2NaOH
Hn hp Z gm N2O v N2
44,8
nhhZ = nN O + nN =
= 0, 2 mol
2
2
22, 4
nNO = 0,2 mol
(0,25 )
44nN O + 28nN
2
2
0, 2
nN O = 0,15 mol ; nN = 0, 05 mol
2
2
Mg 2e Mg2
x mol
x mol
Al 3e Al3+
y mol y mol
Tng s mol e 2 kim loi nhng ne = (2x + 3y) mol
M hhZ = 1, 38.29 =

4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H2O
0,8mol
0,6 mol 0,2 mol
10H+ + 2NO3 + 8e N2O + 5H2O
1,5 mol
1,2mol 0,15mol
12H+ + 2NO3 +10e N2 + 6H2O
0,6 mol
0,5 mol 0,05 mol
Tng s mol e cht oxi ho nhn:
ne(nhn) = 0,6 + 1,2 + 0,5 = 2,3 mol

(0,25 )

(0,25 )

(0,25 )

Mg2+ + 2NH3 +2 H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4+

x mol
x mol
Al3+ + 3NH3+ 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3 NH4+
y mol
y mol
Ta c h pt
2x +3y = 2,3
58x + 78y = 62,2
( 0,25 )
x = 0,4mol ; y = 0,5mol
m1 = 23,1 g
(0,25 )
V s mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng l: 0,8 + 1,5 +0,6 = 2,9 mol
Vy: m2 =

2,9.63 .100 .120

= 913 ,5 g
24 .100

(0,5)

CU 6 (2 )
Ha tan 26,64g cht X l tinh th mui sunfat ngm nc ca kim loi M (ha tr x) vo nc c
dung dch A.
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NH3 va c kt ta B, nung nng B nhit cao
n khi lng khng i cn li 4,08g cht rn.
Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 va c 27,84g kt ta Barisunfat.
1. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.

2. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M cn cho vo dung dch A c lng kt ta ln nht, v
th tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M t nht khng c kt ta to thnh.
3. Cho 250ml dung dch KOH phn ng ht vi dung dch A, c 2,34g kt ta. Tnh nng
mol/l ca dung dch KOH.
p n
1/. - Tm CTPT (X)
M2(SO4)x . nH2O 2Mx+ + xSO42- + nH2O (1)
0,12
2.0,12
mol
mol 0,12 mol
x

+ x NH3 + x H2O M(OH)x + x NH4+ (2)

2.0,12

mol
2. 0,12 mol
x
2M(OH)x M2Ox + xH2O (3)
M

x+

2.0,12
x

mol

0,12
x

mol

Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4 (4)

0,12 mol 0,12 mol
27,84
nBaSO =
= 0,119 ; 0,12 mol
4
233
4, 08.x
= 34x
0,12
M: Al ; x = 3 ; Al2(SO4)3
MM

2Ox

MX =

(0,5)

26, 64
= 666 n= 18
0, 04

X: Al2(SO4)3 . 18H2O

(0,5)

2/.
+ VddNAOH max
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (1')
0,08

(0,24)

0,08

0, 24
V
= 1, 2 (lt)
ddNaOH =
0, 2
+ VddNAOH ==> min

(0,25 )

HAlO2. H2O + OH- = AlO2- + 2H2O (2')

0,08

VddNaOH

(0,08)
0, 24 + 0, 08
=
= 1, 6
0, 2

(lt)

(0,25)

3/.

2, 34
= 0, 03 mol
78
+ nOH- < nAl3+
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (1)
n =

(0,09) mol (0,03) mol

[ KOH ] =

0, 09
= 0,36 M
0, 25

(0,25 )

+ nOH- > nAl3+

Al3+ + 3OH- = Al(OH)3 (2)
0,08

(0,24)

0,08

HAlO2 . H2O + OH- = AlO2- + 2H2O (3)

(0,08 - 0,03)
[ KOH ] =

(0,05)

0, 24 + 0, 05
= 1,16 M
0, 25

(0,25 )

CU 7 (2 )
1. C mt hn hp cc cht rn gm: p-metylanilin, axit benzoic, naphtalen. Trnh by ngn gn
phng php ho hc tch ring tng cht. Vit phng trnh phn ng (1).
2. C 5 l ng ring bit cc cht: axit benzoic (A); Benzanehit(B); Metylphenyl ete (C); ancol
benzylic (D); isopropyl benzen (E). Bit A, B, C, D l cht lng. Hy sp xp th t tng dn nhit si ,
gii thch.
p n
Khuy u hn hp rn vi lng d dd NaOH long,ch c axit benzoic phn ng to thnh natri benzoat
tan trong dung dch,hai cht cn li khng phn ng, lc tch hn hp rn v dung dch.Axit ho dung dch
natribenzoat bng dd HCl long:
C6H5COOH + NaOH C6H5COONa + H2O
(rn)
(tan)
C6H5COONa + HCl C6H5COOH + NaCl
(0,5 )
-Khuy hn hp rn cn li : Naphtalen, p- metyl anilin vi lng d dd HCl (long) phn ng to mui
tan, lc ly Naphtalen, kim ho dung dch mui, thu c p-metyl anilin
p - CH3C6H4NH2 + HCl p - CH3C6H4N+H3Cl
p - CH3C6H4NH3Cl + NaOH p - CH3C6H4NH2 + NaCl + H2O
(0,5 )
- Th t tng dn nhit si
(CH3)2CHC6H5 < C6H5OCH3 < C6H5CH=O < C6H5CH2OH < C6H5COOH (0,5d)
(E)
(C)
(B)
(D)
(A)
+ (E) phn cc yu hn (C),khng c lin kt hidro
+ (C) phn cc yu hn (B),khng c lin kt hidro
(0,5d)
+ (B) phn cc ,khng c lin kt hidro
+ (D) phn cc, c lin kt hidro lin phn t yu hn (A)
+ (A) phn cc, c lin kt hidro lin phn t mnh.
Cu 8 (2,5 )

Hp cht hu c A c 88,24%C v 11,76% H, t khi hi ca A i vi ancol etylic l 2,957.

d. Tm CTPT A, tnh tng s lin kt i v s vng no trong phn t A
e. Tnh s vng no ca A, bit rng hidro ho hon ton A thu c hp cht no B c CTPT CxH2x
f. Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A, bit rng A tc dng vi dung dch brm theo t l mol
1:1 v A tc dng vi nc (H+ xc tc) thu c cht (C) c cng thc cu to nh sau:

CH3

HO CH
2

OH

CH2

CH C

C
CH2

CH2

CH3

CH3

p n
MA = 2,957. 46 = 136 gam
88, 24 11, 67
=
= 7,35:11, 67 =1:1, 6 =10:16
Ta c t l:
12
1
CTPT A c dng ( C10H16)n
MA = 136n = 136 n = 1 CTPT A l C10H16
(0,5 )
2 + 10(4 2) + 16(1 2)
= 3 (0,25 )
a. Tng s vng no v s lin kt i ca A l
2
Hidro ho C10H16 ta thu c C10H20 S vng no ca A v B ging nhau v bng
2 + 10(4 2) + 20(1 2)
=1
(0,25 )
2
b. CTCT c th c ca A
CH
CH3

CH3

CH2

CH2
CH

CH2
(0,5 )

CH2

CH2

CH3

CH

CH2

CH3

C
CH2
CH2

CH2

CH3

CH2
C

C
CH2

CH

(0,5 )

CH3

CH

(0,5 )

CH3

Cu 9 . (2 im)
Penta peptit A c cu to bi cc aminoaxit Ser, Val, Ala, Gly theo t l mol 1:2:1:1 tng ng.
thu phn A nh enzim amino peptiara thu c Val v mt Tetra peptit, thu phn A nh enzim cacboxi
peptiara thu c Gly v mt Tetra peptit. Thu phn tng phn A thu c cc ipeptit Val-Ala; Val-Ser;
Ala-Gly. Vit cng thc cu to ca A
p n (2 )
+ T t l s mol ca cc amino axit
- Ser: HO-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH : 1mol
(0,25 )
- Val : CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH : 2 mol
(0,25 )
- Ala : CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH : 1 mol
(0,25 )
- Gly : H2N-CH2-COOH : 1 mol
(0,25 )
+ Khi thu phn A nh enzim amino peptiara thu c aminoaxit c u N l Val (0,25 )

+ Khi thu phn A nh enzim cacboxi peptiara thu c aminoaxit c u C l Gly(0,25 )

+ Khi thu phn tng phn A thu c : Val-Ala; Val-Ser; Ala-Gly
c cng thc cu to: Val-Ser- Val- Ala- Gly ( 0,5)