Gio vin: Bi Xun ng

AMINOAXIT


I/ KHI NIM V DANH PHP
1. Khi nim:
Aminoaxit l hp cht hu c tp chc, trong phn t cha ng thi nhm
Cacboxyl (-COOH) v nhm Amino (-NH
2
).
* CTTQ aminoaxit c 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl:

2. Danh php:
a) Thay th:
Axit V.tr (1, 2, 3, ...) nhm (-NH
2
) + amino + ankanoic.
b) Bn h thng:
Axit V.tr ( e c o | o , , , , , ..) + nhm (-NH
2
) + amino + tn axit thng.
c) Tn thng: Glixin, alanin, valin, ...
II/ CU TO PHN T
* Cu to phn t
2 3
OO OO NH R C H H N R C
+

(phn t) (ion lng cc)
Phn t aminoaxit c nhm COOH th hin tnh axit v nhm NH2 th hin
tnh baz nn thng tng tc vi nhau to ra ion lng cc.
Do , iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, tng i d tan trong nc
v c nhit nng chy cao (phn hy khi nng chy).
III/ TNH CHT HA HC
1) Tnh lng tnh:

-
-
-
2) Tnh cht ca NH
2
(baz):
- A.A + HCl

Mui
2 2 2 3
OO OO NH CH C H HCl H C CH N H Cl
+

+
3) Tnh cht ca COOH (axit)
- A.A + NaOH

mui + H
2
O
2 2 2 2 2
NH CH COOH NaOH NH CH COONa H O + +
- este ho:
2 2 2 5 2 2 2 5 2
NH CH COOH C H OH NH CH COOC H H O + +
4) Phn ng trng ngng ( poliamit)
* V d:
Glixin

HNHCH
2
COOH + HNHCH
2
COOH NH
2
CH
2
CONHCH
2
COOH + H
2
O
(Lin kt peptit)
axit c - aminocaproic
( )
2 2 5 2 5 2
( min ) ( )
[ ] [ ]
o
t
n
Axit a ocaproic Policaproamit
nNH CH COOH NH CH CO nH O
c
+


Gio vin: Bi Xun ng

IV/ VAI TR V NG DNG
Aminoaxit thin nhin l cht c s xy dng nn protein trong c th ng vt v
thc vt, ng thi cung cp nng lng cho c th hot ng.
Trong s hn 20 aminoaxit thng gp trong protein c mt nhm cc aminoaxit
khng th thay th m c th ngi khng th t tng hp c, phi a t ngoi vo
qua thc n (nh: Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Thr, Ph, Trp, Lys).
Mt s aminoaxit c dng ph bin trong i sng, nh mui mononatri ca axit
glutamic c dng lm m chnh (hay bt ngt).
Mt s aminoaxit c dng ph bin trong y hc, nh Methionin l thuc b gan,
axit glutamic l thuc h tr thn kinh, His cha mt s bnh v d dy.
Mt s aminoaxit c dng lm nguyn liu sn xut t tng hp, nh:
- [

]
- [

]
V/ BI TP
1. Mt amino axit X, tc dng vi dd NaOH theo t l mol 1:1 v tc dng vi ddHCl
theo t l mol 1:2. Nu cho 10,4 gam X tc dng va vi NaOH thu c 12,6 gam
mui.
a) Xc nh s nhm chc ca amino axit?
b) Xc nh X?
c) Nhn bit X vi dd HCl, glixin?
2. Cho C
4
H
11
O
2
N + NaOH A + CH
3
NH
2
+ H
2
O. Vy CTCT ca C
4
H
11
O
2
N l :
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
NH
2
. B. C
2
H
5
COONH
3
CH
3
.
B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
.
3. Mt amino axit A c 40,4% C; 7,9% H; 15,7 % N; 36%O v M
A
= 89. CTPT ca A l :
A. C
3
H
5
O
2
N B. C
3
H
7
O
2
N C. C
2
H
5
O
2
N D. C
4
H
9
O
2
N
4. 0,1 mol Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch HCl 2M. Mt khc 18g A
cng phn ng va vi 200ml dung dch HCl trn. A c khi lng phn t l:
A. 120 B. 90 C. 60 D. 80
5. A l mt Aminoaxit c khi lng phn t l 147. Bit 1mol A tc dng va vi 1
mol HCl; 0,5mol tc dng va vi 1mol NaOH.Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C
5
H
9
NO
4
. B. C
4
H
7
N
2
O
4
. C. C
5
H
25
NO
3
. D. C
8
H
5
NO
2
.
6. C 0,01 mol Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 40ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt
khc 1,5 gam Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 80ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Khi
lng phn t ca A l :
A. 150 B. 75 C. 105 D. 89
7. Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125 M.C cn
dung dch thu c 1,835 gam mui . Khi lng phn t ca A l :
A. 147 B. 97 C. 120 D. 150