METROPOLITAN ANASTASY, THE NAZIS AND THE SOVIETS

Vladimir Moss

Apail fion lho dognalic-canonicaI quoslions of ocunonisn and i|ijsoigianisn, ono
of lho suljocls lhal conlinuos lo divido lho Moscov Ialiiaichalo fion lho Russian
Chuich Alioad is lhoii diffoiing alliludos lo lho vicloiy of lho Soviols in lho Socond
WoiId Wai. Ioi lho MI, as vas nado olvious al lho 6O
lh
annivoisaiy coIolialions in
Moscov Iasl May, lhis vas an unoquivocaIIy gIoiious vicloiy, a vicloiy of liulh ovoi
faIsohood, good ovoi oviI. In lhis, of couiso, il is foIIoving cIosoIy lho Ioad givon ly
Iulins noo-Soviol iogino, foi vhich SlaIin and SlaIinisn aio nol diily voids, and
vhich iogaids lho faII of connunisn in 1991 as a goopoIilicaI liagody vhich il is
doing ovoiylhing possilIo lo iovoiso. Tho alliludo of ROCOR vas diffoionl. Wilhoul in
any vay ovoiIooking oi condoning lho loiiilIo ciuoIlios of lho Nazi iogino, il couId nol
faiI lo iogaid lho vicloiy and consoIidalion of niIilanl alhoisn ovoi a vasl loiiiloiy fion
oiIin lo VIadivoslok vilh piofound soiiov. Conliaiy lo lho sIandoi of lho Moscov
Ialiiaich AIoxis I, ROCOR novoi gavo unoquivocaI suppoil lo lho Nazis, lul il did lIoss
lhoso Russian paliiols vho foughl in lho Coinan ainios in oidoi lo Iiloialo lhoii
counliy fion lho aII-annihiIaling scouigo of Soviolisn. In lhis ailicIo lhis lhosis is
dovoIopod on lho lasis of hisloiicaI docunonls, and in pailicuIai lho spoochos of lho
Ioadoi of ROCOR, MoliopoIilan Anaslasy.

ROCOR in Gcrnanq

Il is nocossaiy fiisl of aII lo discuss lho quoslion of ROCORs ioIalionship lo HilIoi
lofoio lho vai.

On Ioliuaiy 25, 1938 HilIoi signod a Iav On lho Iand-ovnoiship of lho Russian
Oilhodox Chuich in Coinany, accoiding lo vhich lho Slalo in lho poison of lho
ninisloi of occIosiaslicaI affaiis iocoivod lho iighl lo disposo of lho Russian occIosiaslicaI
piopoily in lho counliy and in lho loiiiloiios joinod lo il. On lho lasis of lhis Iav lho
Coinan Slalo handod ovoi aII lho pio-iovoIulionaiy piopoily of lho Russian Chuich in
Coinany inlo lho possossion of ROCOR, losidos lho chuich in Diosdon.ii|iij Tho
Coinan govoinnonl did nol hand ovoi aII lho piopoily lo ROCOR innodialoIy. As
MoliopoIilan LuIogius of Iaiis viilos in his nonoiis (p. 648), foi sono lino il sliII
iolainod paiishos in oiIin, in Lasloin Iiussia and in Diosdon.iii|iiij Hovovoi, on May
5, 1939 lho Iav vas oxlondod lo Diosdon and lho SudolonIand.

Il nay lo askod vhy lho Coinan govoinnonl vas so favouialIy disposod lo
ROCOR. Iail of lho ansvoi nay Iio in lho facl lhal lho aulhoiilios had a nogalivo
opinion of lho Iaiis juiisdiclion of MoliopoIilan LuIogius locauso of ils Iinks vilh lho
YMCA and olhoi inloinalionaIisl oiganizalions, and voio lhoiofoio noio favouialIy
disposod lo ROCOR, vhich had liokon Iinks vilh lho LuIogians. AIso, sono of lho
chuichos in lhoii possossion had loon luiIl vilh lho pailicipalion of Coinan ioyaIly
vho had faniIy Iinks vilh lho Houso of lho Ronanovs, and ROCOR vas, of couiso, lho
Oilhodox juiisdiclion vilh lho cIososl Iinks vilh lho Ronanovs. Ioihaps aIso lhoy voio
counling in lhis vay lo oIicil lho synpalhy of lho aIkan SIavic poopIos lovaids
Coinany.iv|ivj

In 1938 HilIoi aIso gavo ROCOR a pIol of Iand in oiIin lo luiId a chuich, foi vhich
MoliopoIilan Anaslasy lhankod hin. This foinod lho lasis on vhich Ialiiaich AIoxis
of Moscov Ialoi accusod hin of having synpalhy foi fascisn. Tho liulh of lho nalloi
vas oxpIainod ly MoliopoIilan Anaslasy hinsoIf in Ocloloi, 1945 as foIIovs: Soon
afloi his coning lo povoi HilIoi Ioainod lhal lho Russian Oilhodox poopIo in oiIin did
nol havo a chuich of lhoii ovn afloi lho chuich luiIl ly lhon had loon ionovod fion
lho paiish locauso lhoy couId nol pay lho dolls lhoy had incuiiod foi il. This Iod
innodialoIy lo oidoi lho ioIoaso of considoialIo suns of nonoy foi lho luiIding of a
nov Oilhodox chuich on a loaulifuI pIol of Iand sol asido foi lhis in lho Coinan capilaI.
Wo shouId nolo lhal HilIoi look lhis slop vilhoul any doIiloialo ioquosl on lho pail of
lho Russian Oilhodox connunily and did nol allach any condilions lo his offoiing lhal
nighl havo loon conponsalion foi il. Tho HioiaichicaI Synod as voII as lho vhoIo of
Russia Alioad couId nol faiI lo vaIuo lhis nagnaninous acl, vhich cano al a lino
vhon Oilhodox chuichos and nonasloiios voio loing noiciIossIy cIosod, doslioyod oi
usod foi conpIoloIy unsuilalIo puiposos (lhoy voio loing luinod inlo cIuls, cinonas,
alhoisl nusouns, food vaiohousos, olc.), and olhoi hoIy lhings in Russia voio loing
nockod oi dofiIod. This facl vas nolod in lho addioss |givon ly lho noliopoIilanj, lul
lho Synod of couiso gavo no 'lIossing lo doslioy and conquoi Russia.v|vj

In facl, lho addioss sonl lo HilIoi vas nol conposod ly MoliopoIilan Anaslasy, lul
ly lho piosidonl of lho Russian coIony in oiIin, ConoiaI V. iskupsky, an advonluioi
and oppoilunisl vho had aIioady loon invoIvod in sovoiaI poIilicaI oscapados.vi|vij
Whon il vas shovn lo lho noliopoIilan, ho found il loo fIovoiy. ul il had aIioady
loon sonl lo lho ninisliy of inloinaI affaiis, and il vas loo Ialo lo conposo a nov, noio
nodoialo vaiianl.vii|viij

Afloi lho Coinan annoxalion of Czochia and Moiavia in Maich, 1939, lho Coinans
liiod lo pIaco aII lho Oilhodox in lhoso loiiiloiios undoi lho juiisdiclion of lho ROCORs
Aichlishop Soiaphin (Lyado). On Novonloi 3, Soiaphin concIudod an agioononl
vilh lho LuIogian ishop Soigius of Iiaguo vhoioly his paiishos voio liansfoiiod,
fion a puioIy juiidicaI poinl of viov, inlo lho juiisdiclion of Aichlishop Soiaphin, lul
iolainod lhoii inlia-occIosiaslicaI indopondonco and sulnission lo MoliopoIilan
LuIogius.viii|viiij A siniIai aiiangononl vas nado vilh lho paiishos of lho Soilian
ishop VIadinii (Raich) in Tianscaipalhia and SIovakia.ix|ixj

Tho infIuonco of Aichlishop (Ialoi MoliopoIilan) Soiaphin in lho Coinan
govoinnonl vas lo piovo usofuI again. On Novonloi 4, 194O lho LuIogian Aichlishop
AIoxandoi (NonoIovsky) of iussoIs vas aiioslod afloi lho Iiluigy and inpiisonod as
onony N 2 in Aachon. Iion lhoio ho vas liansfoiiod lo a piison in oiIin. Il vas
Aichlishop Soiaphin vho ioscuod Aichlishop AIoxandoi fion piison and sollIod hin
al lho Russian chuich in TogoI, vhoio ho ionainod unliI lho ond of lho vai.x|xj

The German lntaslon of Serbla

Il vas nol suipiising, oi iopiohonsilIo, lhal ROCOR and hoi fiisl-hioiaich,
MoliopoIilan Anaslasy, shouId havo coopoialod vilh lho Coinans - lul vilhoul
suppoiling lho Nazi idooIogy - so Iong as lhoy did no hain lo lho Oilhodox Chuich,
and ovon lonofilod il. Hovovoi, il vas a diffoionl nalloi vhon lhoy invadod an
Oilhodox counliy, Soilia. Aichlishop Avoiky viilos: Tho unoxpoclod Coinan
lonlaidnonl of oIgiado on ApiiI 6, 1941, vhich soon docidod lho falo of YugosIavia,
pioducod such a shalloiing inpiossion lhal lho capilaI vas conpIoloIy alandonod, lolh
ly lho govoinnonl oigans and ly lho oidinaiy inhalilanls, vho fIod in indosciilalIo
panic foi nany lons of kiIonolois. Anidsl lhis conpIolo dovaslalion il vas onIy in lho
Iifo of lho Russian chuich in oIgiado lhal no ossonliaI changos look pIaco: lho soivicos
piosciilod ly lho Typicon conlinuod as usuaI, vhiIo piiosls vonl vilh lho HoIy Cifls
aiound lho cily, giving connunion lo lho voundod and caiiying oul piayoi soivicos in
lho iofugos. Duiing lho iaid MoliopoIilan Anaslasy ionainod al his hioiaichicaI pIaco in
lho aIlai, vhiIo lho cIoigy look il in luins lo soivo piayoi soivicos in fionl of lho
vondoi-voiking Kuisk-Rool icon of lho Molhoi of Cod 'of lho Sign. And lhis in spilo
of lho facl lhal fivo lonls foII in lho innodialo vicinily of oui chuich, lho noighlouiing
Soilian chuich of Sl. Maik luinod dovn, and foi a vhoIo lvo days a giganlic fiio fion
a vaiohouso fuII of Iogs lhal had loon hil ly a lonl luinod jusl noxl lo lho vaII of lho
chuich. On lho socond day, Maich 25 / ApiiI 7, on lho voiy foasl of lho Annuncialion,
vhon lhoio vas a pailicuIaiIy vioIonl lonlaidnonl, VIadyka MoliopoIilan vas piosonl
al lho Divino Liluigy vhich ono of lho piiosls coIolialod in lho lasononl of lho Russian
Houso foi lho nany Russian poopIo vho had shoIloiod lhoio. This Iiluigy, vhich vas
caiiiod oul in a silualion iocaIIing lhal of lho ancionl Calaconl Chiislians, vas soaIod
foi Iifo in lho nonoiy of aII lhoso vho iocoivod connunion al il. And vilh lho lIossing
of VIadyka MoliopoIilan up lo 3OO poopIo iocoivod connunion afloi a gonoiaI
confossion (lhis vas in viov of lho dangoi of doalh lhal cIoaiIy lhioalonod ovoiyono).

LxaclIy a vook Ialoi, on Lazaius Saluiday, lho Coinans onloiod lho conpIoloIy
doslioyod and dosoilod cily, and difficuIl yoais logan foi lho Russian onigialion in
YugosIavia. Togolhoi vilh lho vhoIo of his oIgiado fIock, VIadyka MoliopoIilan nolIy
onduiod hungoi and coId and aII kinds of iosliiclions and dopiivalions, vaiious
unpIoasanlnossos fion lho Coinan occupying aulhoiilios and hosliIo allacks fion lhal
pail of lho Soilian popuIalion vhich had sulnillod lo lho infIuonco of connunisl
piopaganda.

Soon afloi lho occupalion of YugosIavia ly lho Coinan ainios, nonlois of lho
Coslapo caiiiod oul a lhoiough soaich in lho iosidonco of VIadyka MoliopoIilan
Anaslasy, and lhon look avay lho cIoiicaI voik of lho HioiaichicaI Synod.xi|xij
Hovovoi, lhoy voio foicod lo adnil lhal VIadyka , as a liuo Aichpasloi of lho Chuich
of Chiisl, vas piofoundIy aIion lo aII poIilics, and lhoy Iofl hin in poaco.xii|xiij

The German Invasion of Russia

Tho Coinans invadod Russia on }uno 22, lho foasl of aII Sainls of Russia. Thoy voio
in gonoiaI gioolod vilh ocslalic joy. Thus SoIzhonilsyn viilos: Lilhuania, Lalvia, and
Lslonia gavo lho Coinans a juliIanl voIcono. oIoiussia, lho Wosloin Ukiaino, and lho
fiisl occupiod Russian loiiiloiios foIIovod suil. ul lho nood of lho poopIo vas
dononslialod nosl giaphicaIIy of aII ly lho Rod Ainy: lofoio lho oyos of lho vhoIo
voiId il iolioalod aIong a 2,OOO-kiIonolio fionl, on fool, lul ovoiy lil as fasl as
noloiizod unils. Nolhing couId possilIy lo noio convincing lhan lho vay lhoso non,
soIdiois in lhoii piino, volod vilh lhoii fool. NunoiicaI supoiioiily vas onliioIy vilh
lho Rod Ainy, lhoy had oxcoIIonl ailiIIoiy and a sliong lank foico, yol lack lhoy ioIIod,
a ioul vilhoul conpaio, unpiocodonlod in lho annaIs of Russian and voiId hisloiy. In
lho fiisl fov nonlhs sono lhioo niIIion officois and non had faIIon inlo onony hands!

Thal is vhal lho popuIai nood vas Iiko - lho nood of poopIos sono of vhon had
Iivod lhiough lvonly-foui yoais of connunisn and olhois lul a singIo yoai. Ioi lhon
lho vhoIo poinl of lhis Ialosl vai vas lo casl off lho scouigo of connunisn. NaluiaIIy
onough, oach poopIo vas piinaiiIy lonl nol on iosoIving any Luiopoan piolIon lul on
ils ovn nalionaI lask - Iiloialion fion connunisn.xiii|xiiij

In lho yoais of lho vai, viilos AnaloIy Kiasikov, vilh lho agioononl of lho
Coinan occupying aulhoiilios, 7547 Oilhodox chuichos voio oponod (as againsl 127O
oponod in 1944-1947 vilh lho poinission of lho CounciI foi lho Affaiis of lho Russian
Oilhodox Chuich).xiv|xivj Lvon in fuIIy Soviolizod iogions such as Iskov and lho
Lasloin Ukiaino, 95 of lho popuIalion, accoiding lo Coinan iopoils, fIoodod inlo lho
novIy-oponod chuichos.

Il vas naluiaI foi lho ROCOR lo voIcono lho iosuiioclion of Oilhodoxy in Coinan-
occupiod Russia. Il had nolhing lo do vilh any poIilicaI synpalhios foi lho Nazis. Thus
in Soplonloi, 1941 VIadyka MoliopoIilan gavo his lIossing lo lho Russian paliiols
vho hopod lhal houi of lho Iiloialion of lho Russian poopIo fion lho lIoody oppiossion
of oIshovisn lo foin a Russian Coips. Hovovoi, lho Coinans did nol aIIov lhis Coips
lo lako pail in niIilaiy aclions on lho oasloin fionl, lul vas Iofl in YugosIavia lo dofond
il fion IocaI connunisl lands.xv|xvj

Again, in his paschaI opislIo foi 1942 MoliopoIilan Anaslasy violo: Tho day lhal il
(lho Russian poopIo) has loon vailing foi has cono, and il is nov liuIy iising fion lho
doad in lhoso pIacos vhoio lho couiagoous Coinan svoid has succoodod in sovoiing ils
follois. olh ancionl Kiov, and nuch-suffoiing SnoIonsk and Iskov aio iadianlIy
coIolialing lhoii doIivoianco as if fion lho doplhs of hoII. Tho Iiloialod pail of lho
Russian poopIo ovoiyvhoio has aIioady logun lo chanl: 'Chiisl is iison!xvi|xvij

In }uno, lho Synod of ROCOR nado sono suggoslions lo lho Coinan aulhoiilios on
lho oiganizalion of lho Chuich in Russia. In }uno il violo: .In lho spiiil of lho canons
of lho Oilhodox Chuich lhoio oxisls onIy ono soIulion in lho quoslion of lho
oiganizalion of lho Chuichs adninislialion, and lhal is lho convoning of a CounciI of
Russian hioiaichs ly lho oIdosl anong lhon and lho appoinlnonl ly lhis CounciI of a
lonpoiaiy hoad of lho Chuich and of lho iosl of lho Chuich adninislialion. Tho finaI
oiganizalion of lho govoining oigans and lho oIoclion of a Ialiiaich couId lako pIaco, in
lho opinion of lho Synod, onIy vhon 'hioiaichs viII lo appoinlod lo aII lho vacanl soos
and noinaI ioIalions aio oslalIishod in lho counliy.xvii|xviij

Hovovoi, ROCORs alliludo lo lho Coinans ionainod caulious locauso lho alliludo
of lho Coinans lo lho Oilhodox Iailh vas anliguous. HilIoi vas ulloiIy
iiioIigiousxviii|xviiij, lul foignod ioIigious loIoianco foi poIilicaI ioasons. Thus "lho
hoaviosl lIov lhal ovoi sliuck hunanily, ho said, vas lho coning of Chiislianily.
oIshovisn is Chiislianily's iIIogilinalo chiId. olh aio invonlions of lho }ov. Tho
doIiloialo Iio in ioIigion vas inlioducod inlo lho voiId ly Chiislianily. oIshovisn
piaclisos a Iio of lho sano naluio, vhon il cIains lo liing Iiloily lo non, onIy lo onsIavo
lhon."xix|xixj ul al lho sano lino ho iocognizod lhal Chiislianily "can'l lo liokon so
sinpIy. Il nusl iol and dio off Iiko a gangionod Iinl." And on ApiiI 11, 1942, ho said:
"Wo nusl avoid having ono soIilaiy chuich lo salisfy lho ioIigious noods of Iaigo
disliicls, and oach viIIago nusl lo nado inlo an indopondonl socl, voishipping Cod in
ils ovn fashion. If sono viIIagos as a iosuIl vish lo piacliso lIack nagic, afloi lho
fashion of Nogioos oi Indians, vo shouId do nolhing lo hindoi lhon. In shoil, oui
poIicy in lho vido Russian spacos shouId lo lo oncouiago any and ovoiy foin of
dissonsion and schisn."xx|xxj

Tho Coinans vanlod lo piopaio nov piioslIy cadios vho vouId confoin lo lhoii
viovs on lho }ovs. On Ocloloi 31, 1941 a diioclivo vonl oul fion lho Main
Adninislialion of InpoiiaI Socuiily foi lho Roich: Tho iosoIulion of lho occIosiaslicaI
quoslion in lho occupiod oasloin piovincos is an oxcoplionaIIy inpoilanl. lask, vhich
vilh a IillIo skiII can lo nagnificonlIy soIvod in favoui of a ioIigion lhal is fioo fion
}ovish infIuonco. Hovovoi, lhis infIuonco is piodicalod on lho cIosing of chuichos in lho
oasloin piovincos lhal aio infoclod vilh }ovish dognas.xxi|xxij

Ono lhing lho Coinans did nc| vanl vas lho iosuiioclion of lho Cioal Russian
poopIo lhiough lho Chuich. On May 16, 1942 A. Rosonluig, lho hoad of lho ninisliy of
lho Lasl, said in Riga lo a nooling of ConoiaI and Socuiily Connissais: Tho Russian
Oilhodox Chuich vas a poIilicaI insliunonl of lho povoi of lsaiisn, and nov oui
poIilicaI lask consisls in cioaling olhoi occIosiaslicaI foins vhoio lho Russian Chuich
usod lo oxisl. In any caso vo viII hindoi lho Cioal Russian Oilhodox Chuich fion
Ioiding il ovoi aII lho nalionaIilios. Wo shouId lhink noio aloul inlioducing lho Lalin
sciipl insload of lho Russian. Thoiofoio il is aIso appiopiialo lhal sono chuichos shouId
ionain as fai as possilIo iosliiclod lo lho piovinco of ono ConoiaI Connissai. Il is
aIso appiopiialo foi Lslonia and Lalvia lhal lhoy shouId havo lhoii ovn nalionaI
chuichos.xxii|xxiij

Again, on Augusl 8, 1942 lho hoad of lho Coinan ConoiaI Connissaiial violo lo
Aichlishop IhiIolhous, lonpoiaiy hoad of lho oIoiussian Aulononous Chuich,
foilidding lho laplisn of }ovs, lho oponing of voik-housos allachod lo nonasloiios,
lho oponing of lhooIogicaI soninaiios and acadonios vilhoul lho poinission of lho
Coinan aulhoiilios and lho loaching of lho Lav of Cod in schooI. Ho aIso ionovod lho
juiidicaI slalus of Chuich naiiiagos. Il vas loconing cIoai lhal lho aulhoiilios voio nol
inlonding lo givo any iighls lo lho Oilhodox Chuich in oIoiussia.xxiii|xxiiij

On Augusl 12, Aichlishop Soiaphin (Lyado) violo fion Vionna lo MoliopoIilan
Anaslasy: Wilh iogaid lo lho quoslion of sonding piiosls lo Russia: unfoilunaloIy,
accoiding lo aII avaiIalIo dala, lho highoi govoinnonl aulhoiilios aio so fai nol voII-
disposod lovaids a posilivo soIulion of lhis quoslion. I nado sovoiaI polilions, lul
vilhoul succoss. In aII piolaliIily, lho aulhoiilios suspocl lhal lho cIoigy fion alioad
aio loaiois of a poIilicaI idooIogy lhal is unaccoplalIo foi lho Coinan aulhoiilios al lho
piosonl lino. I did nol ovon succood in golling poinission lo liansfoi sovoiaI piiosls lo
Coinany fion alioad (foi oxanpIo, Ii. Rodzianko), and accoiding lo lho infoinalion I
havo iocoivod poinission vas nol givon locauso lhoso piiosls supposodIy voikod
logolhoi vilh onigio poIilicaI oiganizalions.xxiv|xxivj

On Ocloloi 21, 1943, vilh lho poinission of lho Coinans (lho fiisl lino lhoy had
givon such poinission), MoliopoIilan Anaslasy cano lo Vionna fion oIgiado and
convonod a Confoionco of oighl lishops of ROCOR vhich condonnod lho oIoclion of
lho Moscov paliiaich as unIavfuI and invaIid.xxv|xxvj Whon lho hioiaichs assonlIod
in lho haII, lvo iopiosonlalivos of lho Nazi govoinnonl vanlod lo lo piosonl, lul lho
hioiaichs iofusod, saying lhoy vanlod lo discuss Chuich nallois. Tho iopiosonlalivos
vilhdiov. AIlhough no piolocoIs of lho CounciI voio lakon, vo knov fion ishop
Ciogoiy (oiiskovich), foinoiIy of ConoI, vho Ialoi locano a lishop in Canada and
lhon lho USA (+ 1957), lhal lho nain suljocl foi discussion al lho CounciI vas lho
sonding of piiosls lo lho loiiiloiios Iiloialod fion connunisn and lho oslalIishnonl of
Iinks vilh lho piiosls aIioady lhoio.xxvi|xxvij

Tho confoionco conposod and sonl lo lho Coinan aulhoiilios a nonoiandun
vhich conlainod a soiios of loId donands. Tho nonoiandun is lho losl pioof of lho
facl lhal lho Confoionco look docisions indopondonlIy, and nol al lho connand of lho
Nazis. In il fiisl of aII shouId lo highIighlod lho piolosl againsl lho Nazis nol aIIoving
lho Russian cIoigy alioad lo go lo lho occupiod loiiiloiios of lho USSR. Tho
nonoiandun donandod 'lho ionovaI of aII olslacIos hindoiing lho fioo novononl of
lishops fion lhis sido of lho fionl, and lho iounion of lishop 'on occupiod loiiiloiios
and alioad. (A.K. Nikilin, !c|czncnic russ|cj pratcs|atncj coscninq t Gcrnanii t pcricd
na|sis||cgc rcznina (1933-1945 gg.) |Tho Silualion of lho Russian Oilhodox Connunily
in Coinany in lho Nazi poiiod (1933-1945)j, AnnuaI ThooIogicaI Confoionco ISTI,
Moscov, 1998). A vivid oxpiossion of lhis piolosl vas lho consocialion ly lho
pailicipanls of lho Confoionco of ishop Ciogoiy (oiiskovich). Ho vas consocialod foi
lho oIoiussian Aulononous Chuich and iocoivod lho lilIo of ishop of ConoI and
Mozyi. Al lho CounciI an appoaI lo Russian loIiovois vas agiood. Tho confoionco did
nol sond any gioolings lo HilIoi oi olhoi Ioadois of lho Thiid Roich. Tho lhiid agiood
poinl vas unoxpoclod foi lho Nazi inslilulions. Do faclo il conlainod a ciiliquo of
Coinan poIicy in ioIalion lo lho Russian Chuich and incIudod donands foi gioaloi
fioodon: '(1) Tho fioo dovoIopnonl and slionglhoning of lho Oilhodox Chuich in lho
occupiod iogions and lho unificalion of aII Oilhodox occIosiaslicaI piovincos Iiloialod
fion Soviol povoi vilh lho Oilhodox Chuich Alioad undoi ono connon occIosiaslicaI
Ioadoiship vouId soivo as an oainosl of lho gioaloi succoss of lhoso pails of lho Russian
Chuich in lho sliuggIo vilh alhoisl connunisn. (3) Il is nocossaiy lo givo Russian
voikois in Coinany fioo salisfaclion of aII lhoii spiiiluaI noods. (4) In viov of lho gioal
quanlily of vaiious Russian niIilaiy unils in lho Coinan ainy, il is nocossaiy lo cioalo
an inslilulion of niIilaiy piiosls. (6) A noio onoigolic pioaching of lho Oilhodox
ioIigio-noiaI voiId-viov. (9) Iolilion foi lho inlioduclion of apoIogolic piogiannos
on lho iadio. (1O) Tho oiganizalion of lhooIogicaI Iiliaiios allachod lo lho paiishos.
(13) Civing Oilhodox occIosiaslicaI aulhoiilios lho possiliIily of oponing lhooIogicaI
schooIs and lho oiganizalion of pasloiaI and ioIigio-noiaI couisos.xxvii|xxviij

As lho vai piogiossod and lho lohavioui of lho Coinans lovaids lho Russians
locano sloadiIy ciuoIIoi, lho alliludo of lho Russian Oilhodox lo lhon changod.

This vas iofIoclod in lho voids of MoliopoIilan Anaslasy in Ocloloi, 1945, in
iosponso lo Ialiiaich AIoxis chaigo lhal ROCOR synpalhisod vilh lho Nazis: . Tho
Ialiiaich is nol iighl lo docIaio lhal 'lho Ioadois of lho occIosiaslicaI Iifo of lho Russian
onigialion poifoinod pulIic piayois foi lho vicloiios of HilIoi. Tho HioiaichicaI
Synod novoi piosciilod such piayois and ovon foilado lhon, donanding lhal Russian
poopIo piayod al lhal lino onIy 1cr |nc sa|ta|icn c1 Russia. Of couiso, il is inpossilIo lo
concoaI lho nov voII-knovn facl lhal, oxhauslod ly lho hopoIossnoss of lhoii silualion
and ioducod aInosl lo dospaii ly lho loiioi ioigning in Russia, Russian poopIo lolh
alioad and in Russia ilsoIf pIacod hopos on HilIoi, vho docIaiod an iiioconciIalIo vai
againsl connunisn (as is voII-knovn, lhis is lho oxpIanalion foi lho nass suiiondoi of
lho Russian ainios inlo caplivily al lho loginning of lho vai), lul vhon il locano
ovidonl lhal ho vas in facl sliiving lo conquoi Ukiaino, Ciinoa and lho Caucasus and
olhoi iich iogions of Russia, and lhal ho nol onIy dospisod lho Russian poopIo, lul vas
ovon sliiving lo annihiIalo il, and lhal in accoidanco vilh his connand oui piisonois
had loon slaivod lo doalh, and lhal lho Coinan ainy duiing ils iolioal had luinod and
doslioyod lo lhoii foundalions Russian cilios and viIIagos on lhoii palh, and had kiIIod
oi Iod avay lhoii popuIalion, and had condonnod hundiods of lhousands of }ovs vilh
vonon and chiIdion lo doalh, foicing lhon lo dig giavos foi lhonsoIvos, lhon lho hoails
of aII ioasonalIo poopIo - oxcopl lhoso vho 'vanlod lo lo docoivod - luinod againsl
hin.xxviii|xxviiij

C.M. SoIdalov viilos: Il vas suggoslod lo lho noliopoIilan |ly lho Coinansj lhal
ho issuo an appoaI lo lho Russian poopIo caIIing on lhon lo coopoialo vilh lho Coinan
ainy, vhich vas going on a ciusado lo Iiloialo Russia fion lho oIshoviks. If ho voio
lo iofuso lo nako lho addioss, VIadyka vas lhioalonod vilh inloinnonl. Hovovoi, lho
noliopoIilan iofusod, saying lhal Coinan poIicy and lho puiposo of lho ciusado vas
uncIoai lo hin. In 1945 his HoIinoss Ialiiaich CaliioI of Soilia vilnossod lo
MoliopoIilan Anaslasys IoyaIly lo Soilia and lho Coinans disliusl of hin.

Rofoiiing lo docunonls of lho Minisliy of Ioioign Affaiis and olhoi dopailnonls of
lho Coinan govoinnonl, lho hisloiian M.V. Shkaiovsky poinlod oul lhal MoliopoIilan
Anaslasy and lho cIoigy of lho ROCOR voio liying lo go lo Russia lo login oiganizing
nissionaiy and chaiilalIo voik lhoio, lul lhis aclivily did nol coiiospond lo lho pIans
of Coinany, vhich vanlod lo soo Russia voak and dividod in lho fuluio.xxix|xxixj

NovoilhoIoss, of lho lvo aIloinalivos - lho Coinans oi lho Soviols - ROCOR undoi
lho Ioadoiship of MoliopoIilan Anaslasy considoiod lho Ialloi lho noio dangoious
onony. Ioi Soviol povoi had loon analhonalizod al lho Russian LocaI CounciI in 1918,
and had suljoclod lho Russian Chuich lo a poisoculion lhal vas unpiocodonlod in lho
hisloiy of Chiislianily. Thus in Novonloi, 1944 MoliopoIilan Anaslasy addiossod lho
Russian Liloialion Movononl (lho VIasovilos) as foIIovs: In lho nano of lho Ialhoi
and of lho Son and of lho HoIy Spiiil! Iion ancionl linos lhoio has oxislod such a
cuslon in lho Russian Iand, lofoio undoilaking any good voik, ospociaIIy a coIIoclivo
voik, lhoy usod lo ask lho lIossing of Cod on il. And you havo galhoiod hoio, doai
liolhois and foIIov-counliynon, you voikois and inspiioi of lho Russian nalionaI
novononl, lhoioly dononslialing lho hisloiicaI Iink of lho gioal voik of lho Iiloialion
of Russia vilh lho aclions of oui falhois and gioal-giandfalhois. Wo aio nov aII
unilod ly ono fooIing - a fooIing of doadIy iiioconciIaliIily vilh lho oIshovik oviI and a
fIaning dosiio lo oxliipalo il on lho Russian Iand. Ioi vo knov lhal as Iong as il ioigns
lhoio, no ialionaI hunan Iifo is possilIo, no spiiiluaI novononl foivaid, as Iong as lhis
oviI lhioalons lolh oui falhoiIand and lho vhoIo of Luiopo, doalh and dosliuclion viII
lo oslalIishod ovoiyvhoio. And insofai as you, doai liolhois and sislois, aio sliiving lo
ciush lhis loiiilIo oviI. you aio doing a liuIy paliiolic, ovon noio lhan lhal, univoisaI
voik, and lho Chuich cannol nol lIoss youi gioal and hoIy loginning. Doai liolhois
and sislois, Iol us aII unilo aiound lhis Liloialion Movononl of ouis, Iol oach of us
sliuggIo on lhis palh and hoIp lho connon gioal voik of lho Iiloialion of oui
HonoIand, unliI lhis loiiilIo oviI of oIshovisn faIIs and oui loinonlod Russia is iaisod
fion hoi lod.xxx|xxxj

The Sotlet Proaganda Offenslte

Afloi lho vicloiy of lho Soviols in lho Socond WoiId Wai, nany Russian onigios
voio svopl up ly a fooIing of noslaIgia foi vhal lhoy lhoughl vas lhoii honoIand, and,
in lho voids of lho viiloi VIadinii Nalokov, logan lo fialoinizo vilh lho Soviols
locauso lhoy sonso in lho Soviol Union lho Soviol Union of lho Russian
poopIoxxxi|xxxij.

TypicaI of lho fooIings of nany al lhis lino voio lho foIIoving voids of MoliopoIilan
LuIogius of Iaiis, fuII of onolion and noslaIgia lul vilh no spiri|ua|, ccc|csias|ica|
conlonl: Tho hoIy Molhoi Russian Chuich is caIIing us lo ioluin lo hoi loson. ShaII vo
docIino lhis naloinaI caII` Oui souI has suffoiod onough in oxiIo alioad. Il is lino lo go
hono. Tho highoi occIosiaslicaI aulhoiilios pioniso us a poacofuI dovoIopnonl of
chuich Iifo. I vanl lo kiss ny nalivo Russian Iand. Wo vanl poaco in lho loson of oui
nalivo Molhoi Chuich - lolh us oId non, in oidoi lo find a finaI poaco, and lho young
and lho niddIo-agod, in oidoi lo voik on lho iogonoialion of lho HonoIand, and lo
hoaI hoi yavning vounds. Wilhoul foai oi doull, and vilhoul disluilanco, Iol us go lo
oui nalivo Iand: il is so good, so loaulifuI.xxxii|xxxiij

Many voio poisuadod ly lho MIs pio-Soviol piopaganda. Thus soon afloi lho visil
of lho MIs MoliopoIilan NichoIas (Yaiushovich) lo Iaiis in 1945 a Iav on Soviol
passpoils vas passod (on }uno 14, 1946), afloi vhich noio lhan 3OOO Russians Iiving in
Iianco huiiiod lo lho Soviol onlassy lo lako lhoii passpoils.xxxiii|xxxiiij In Soplonloi,
1945 75 LuIogian paiishos voio unilod vilh lho MI. Tho quoslion of LuIogius lan,
pIacod on hin ly lho MI 15 yoais oaiIioi, vas nol ovon discussod, and NichoIas and
LuIogius concoIolialod in lho chuich of Sl. AIoxandoi Novsky. On Soplonloi 11 lho MI
dociood lhal MoliopoIilan LuIogius shouId lo oxaich of lhoso. Hovovoi, on Doconloi
25, 1945 lho Soviol dopuly foioign ninisloi V. Dokanozov violo lo C. Kaipov: Tho
succossos of NichoIas of Kiulilsa havo nol loon oslalIishod and couId oasiIy lo
doslioyod. Coniado ogonoIov (lho anlassadoi in Iianco) lhinks lhal lho sonding of
conslanl iopiosonlalivos of lho MI lo Iaiis shouId lo spoodod up and lho fiisl succossos
of NichoIas confiinod, olhoiviso lho AngIo-Anoiicans viII soizo lho foioign Oilhodox
oiganizalions inlo lhoii hands and luin lhon inlo a voapon againsl us (CARI, f. 6991,
op. 1, d. 65, I. 452). MoliopoIilan LuIogius lvico askod lho LcunonicaI Ialiiaich lo aIIov
hin lo ioluin lo lho MI, lul no iopIy onsuod, and ho ionainod dopondonl on
ConslanlinopIo, ly vhon ho vas aIso nanod oxaich.xxxiv|xxxivj

Soigius ShuniIo viilos: Il vas piocisoIy lhanks lo lho Iying pio-Soviol piopaganda
of lho hioiaichy of lho Moscov Ialiiaichalo lhal lons of lhousands of onigios, anong
vhon voio quilo a fov cIoigy and ovon lishops, loIioving in lho spoclio of fioodon,
logan lo ioluin lo lho U.S.S.R. al lho ond of lho Socond WoiId Wai, vhoio lho Soviol
conconlialion canps and piisons voio vailing foi lhon... Thoso liagic pagos of lho
hisloiy of oui IalhoiIand havo loon soaIod ly iivois of innoconl lIood on aII succooding
gonoialions. And lo a gioal dogioo lho lIano foi lhis, foi lho lons of lhousands of
doslioyod Iivos and ciippIod doslinios, Iios on lho fiisl Soviol paliiaich Soigius
Sliagoiodsky and his chuich, vho ly dood and void soivod lho Cod-fighling Soviol
lolaIilaiian syslon.xxxv|xxxvj

No Ioss liagic vas lho falo of lhoso foicilIy ioluinod ly lho vosloin govoinnonls,
vho foIl conpoIIod lo caiiy oul lho iopaliialion agioononls lhoy had signod vilh SlaIin
in YaIla. And so fion 1945 lo 1947, viilos C.M. SoIdalov, 2,272,OOO poopIo voio
handod ovoi ly lho AIIios lo lho USSR. Of lhoso noio lhan 6OO,OOO had soivod in lho
'oasloin foicos of lho Coinan ainy.xxxvi|xxxvij Aloul 2OO,OOO nanagod lo ionain in
lho Wosl,xxxvii|xxxviij lhanks ospociaIIy lo lho offoils of Iiolopioslyloi Cooigo
Ciallo and olhoi ROCOR cIoigy, vho oiganizod ovacualion connilloos in aII lhioo of
lho vosloin zonos of Coinany.

Tho Iaigosl calogoiy of lhoso foicilIy iopaliialod vas conposod of lhoso vho had
foughl in lho Soviol ainy. Iiolopiiosl MichaoI Aidov dosciilos lhoii falo: I an aIioady
a ialhoi oIdoiIy poison. I iononloi quilo voII lho yoais iighl afloi lho vai, 1945, 1946,
and hov Moscov vas IiloiaIIy fIoodod vilh ciippIos, soIdiois vho voio nissing ains
and Iogs, ioluining fion lho vai, and lhon, suddonIy, lhoy aII disappoaiod. OnIy Ialoi
did I Ioain lhal lhoy voio aII pickod up and packod off lo dio on lho isIand of VaIaan, in
oidoi nol lo spoiI lho viov in lho capilaI. Thoio vas no nonasloiy lhoio lhon. You can
jusl inagino foi youisoIvos lho condilions lhal lhoy had lo onduio lhoio vhiIo Iiving oul
lhoii Iasl days. Thoy voio so pooi, and voio ioducod lo logging in oidoi lo suivivo.
This is hov lhoy voio lioalod, jusl so lhal lho capilaI shouId nol lo spoiIod ly lhoii
piosonco! This I iononloi quilo voII. osidos lhis, as vo aII knov lhal, locauso of SlaIin
and his niIilaiy Ioadois, an onoinous nunloi of Soviol cilizons voio lakon oul of lho
counliy as piisonois. Tho govoinnonl innodialoIy disovnod lhon, lhoy voio
innodialoIy liandod liailois. And lho consoquoncos of lhis voio lhal vhon lhoy, foi
sono ioason oi anolhoi, cano lack lo oui counliy, nosl of lhon voio vhiskod off lo
SlaIins Ialoui canps. This is hov lhoy lioalod lho voloians lhon.xxxviii|xxxviiij

The Tragedy of the Vlasovites

Anolhoi calogoiy anong lhoso foicilIy iopaliialod vas conposod of lho soIdiois
vho had foughl on lho Coinan sido in ConoiaI A.A. VIasovs Russian Liloialion
Ainy - nol oul of synpalhy foi lho Nazis, lul sinpIy in oidoi lo Iiloialo lhoii
honoIand fion a sliII gioaloi lyianny. Thoso incIudod nany vho had foughl in lho
Russian civiI vai on lho sido of lho Whilos and in aIIianco vilh lho vosloin povois.

In May, 1945, in Lionz in Ausliia, lho LngIish occupying aulhoiilios handod ovoi lo
SlaIin lo coilain doalh sono lons of lhousands of Cossacks vho had foughl in lho Iasl
nonlhs of lho vai on lho sido of Coinany. Lyo-vilnossos of lhis diana iocaII lhal lho
hand-ovoi logan iighl duiing lho lino of lho finaI Iiluigy, vhich Snoish did nol aIIov
lo finish. Many Cossacks liiod lo huiI lhonsoIvos inlo lho alyss so as nol lo lo
doIivoiod lo lho connunisls, and lho fiisl shols voio hoaid fion lho Soviol
occupalionaI zono aIioady a fov ninulos afloi lho hand-ovoi. Il is inloiosling lhal lho
lhon hoad of lho ROCOR, MoliopoIilan Anaslasy, lIossod lho Cossacks vho had
foinaIIy ondod lhoii Iivos lhiough suicido locauso lhoy did nol vanl lo faII inlo lho
hands of lho Rods, lo lo givon a chuich luiiaI. 'Thoii aclions, ho violo, 'aio cIosoi lo
lho oxpIoil of Sl. IoIagia of Anlioch, vho huiIod hoisoIf fion a laII lovoi so as oscapo
dosocialion |iapoj..xxxix|xxxixj

A siniIai liagody look pIaco in Konplon, lhis lino al lho hands of lho Anoiicans. On
Augusl 25, 1945, MoliopoIilan Anaslasy violo aloul il lo ConoiaI Lisonhovoi fion
Munich, vhoio lho ROCOR had novod ils hoadquailois oaiIioi in lho yoai: Afloi
sovon yoais of loiiilIo vai, lho sun of poaco has aiison ovoi lho suffoiing oailh. This
poaco vas von ly lho hoioisn of lho AIIiod Ainios and ly lho visdon, couiago and
soIf-saciificiaI vaIoui of lhoso Ioadois. Anong lhoso nanos youis slands in lho fiisl
pIaco. Thoso nanos viII lo lIossod ly lhoso poopIo lo vhon lho vicloiy of lho AIIiod
Ainios ioluinod fioodon. Il vas vilh a fooIing of piofound salisfaclion lhal lhis vicloiy
vas gioolod ly onigios fion vaiious counliios vho nov Iivo in Coinany. OnIy lho
Russians, of vhon lhoio voio noio in Coinany lhan lho iopiosonlalivos of any olhoi
nalion, voio dopiivod of lhis joy. Thoy voio foicod lo ionain in a foioign Iand locauso
lolvoon lhon and lhoii Hono vas a vaII vhich lhoii conscionco and connon sonso
did nol aIIov lhon lo cioss. Tho Russians, of couiso, Iovo lhoii honoIand no Ioss lhan
lho Iionch, lho oIgians oi lho IlaIians Iovo lhoiis. Tho Russians aio noslaIgic foi lhoii
honoIand. If, in spilo of lhis, lhoy sliII piofoi lo ionain in a foioign Iand, having no
doniciIo, oflon hungiy and vilh no juiidicaI dofonco, lhis is onIy foi ono ioason: lhoy
vanl lo piosoivo lho gioalosl vaIuo on oailh - fioodon: fioodon of conscionco, fioodon
of lho void, lho iighl lo piopoily and poisonaI socuiily. Many of lhon havo aIioady
giovn oId and vouId Iiko lo dio in lhoii honoIand, lul lhis is inpossilIo as Iong as
lhoio ioigns lhoio a povoi vhich is lasod on loiioi and lho suppiossion of lho hunan
poisonaIily. Il is a ionaikalIo facl lhal nol onIy inloIIigonlsia, lul aIso poasanls and
sinpIo voikois, vho Iofl Russia afloi 1941, vhon il onloiod inlo vai, and vho voio
lioughl up in lho condilions of Soviol Iifo, do nol vanl lo ioluin lo Soviol Russia. Whon
allonpls voio nado lo dopoil lhon, lhoy ciiod oul in dospaii and piayod foi noicy.
Sonolinos lhoy ovon connillod suicido, piofoiiing doalh in a foioign Iand lo ioluining
lo a honoIand vhoio onIy suffoiings avail lhon. Such a liagic ovonl look pIaco on
Augusl 12 in Konplon. In lhis pIaco, in lho DI canp, lhoio vas a Iaigo conconlialion of
Russian onigios, lhal is, poopIo vho had Iofl Russia afloi lho iovoIulion, and aIso
foinoi Soviol cilizons vho a IillIo Ialoi oxpiossod lhoii dosiio lo ionain alioad. Whon
lho Anoiican soIdiois appoaiod al lho canp vilh lho ain of dividing lhoso onigios inlo
lvo calogoiios and hand ovoi lho foinoi Soviol cilizons inlo lho hands of lho Soviols,
lhoy found aII lho onigios in chuich aidonlIy piaying lo Cod lhal Ho savo lhon fion
dopoilalion. oing conpIoloIy dofoncoIoss and alandonod, lhoy considoiod lho chuich
lo lo lhoii Iasl and onIy iofugo. Thoy offoiod no aclivo iosislanco. Tho poopIo onIy
knooIod and piayod foi noicy, liying, in conpIolo dospaii, lo kiss lho hands and ovon
lho fool of lho officois. In spilo of lhis, lhoy voio foicilIy oxpoIIod fion lho chuich. Tho
soIdiois diaggod vonon and chiIdion ly lho haii and loal lhon. Lvon lho piiosls voio
nol Iofl in poaco. Tho piiosls liiod ly aII noans lo dofond lhoii fIock, lul vilhoul
succoss. Ono of lhon, an oId and iospoclod piiosl, vas diaggod avay ly lho loaid.
Anolhoi spal lIood oul of his noulh afloi ono of lho soIdiois, liying lo puII lho cioss
oul of his hands, sliuck hin in lho faco. Tho soIdiois iushod inlo lho aIlai in puisuil of
lho poopIo. Tho iconoslasis, vhich sopaialos lho sancluaiy fion lho chuich, vas liokon
in lvo pIacos, lho aIlai vas ovoilhiovn and sovoiaI icons voio huiIod lo lho giound.
SovoiaI poopIo voio voundod, lvo liiod lo poison lhonsoIvos. Ono vonan liiod lo
savo hoi chiId ly lhioving il lhiough lho vindov, lul lho nan oulsido vho caughl lhis
chiId in his ains vas voundod ly a luIIol in lho slonach. You can inagino vhal a
hugo inpiossion lhis nado on aII lho vilnossos. Il ospociaIIy shockod lho Russians, vho
voio in nov vay oxpocling such lohavioui fion Anoiican soIdiois. Up lo lhal poinl
lhoy had soon in lhon onIy hoIp and suppoil. Tho Anoiican aulhoiilios havo aIvays
shovn iospocl and goodviII lo Russian chuichos and chuich oiganizalions. Many
Russians sliovo lo gol inlo lho Anoiican zono of occupalion locauso of lhoii hopo of
loing dofondod ly lho vaIoious Anoiican ainy. Tho Russian poopIo considoi lho
liagody in Konplon lo lo an isoIalod caso, vhich look pIaco locauso of a
nisundoislanding. Thoy fiinIy loIiovo lhal nolhing Iiko viII ovoi happon again. Thoy
hopo lhal lonovoIonl hoIp viII lo givon lo lhon as lofoio. Thoy aio convincod lhal lho
vicloiious Anoiican Ainy, lho Ainy of a counliy vhich is gIoiifiod ly ils Iovo foi
fioodon and hunanily, viII undoisland lhoii dosiio lo dofond lhoii finosl nalionaI and
ioIigious idoaIs, foi lho sako of vhich lhoy havo loon suffoiing foi noio lhan 25 yoais.
Wo joyfuIIy nolo lhal vo, Russian onigios in Luiopo, aio nol aIono in lhis iospocl. Wo
havo ioconlIy iocoivod novs fion lho lishops of oui Chuich in lho Unilod Slalos lhal
lhoy havo nol agiood lo iocognizo lho novIy oIoclod paliiaich in Russia. Thoy considoi
lhal il vouId lo inconpalilIo vilh lhoii fooIing of dignily and vilh lhoii piioslIy
conscionco lo lo in suljoclion lo an inslilulion lhal is undoi lho conpIolo conlioI of lho
Soviol govoinnonl, vhich is liying lo uso il foi ils ovn onds. Tho voico of oui liolhois
spoaks aloul lho conviclions of lhoii nunoious fIock in lho USA. Wo aio slionglhonod
in lho loIiof lhal vo sland on lho iighl palh in dofonding oui indopondonco fion lho
Muscovilo occIosiaslicaI and poIilicaI aulhoiilios unliI lho oslalIishnonl of a nov oidoi
in oui counliy lhal is lasod on lho piincipIo of liuo donociacy, lhal is, fioodon,
liolhoihood and juslico. In ollaining a gIoiious vicloiy logolhoi vilh ils aIIios, and in
pushing ils fionliois foivaid, Russia couId locono lho happiosl of counliios, if onIy if
ioluinod lo a hoaIlhy poIilicaI and sociaI Iifo. oing convincod lhal lho vicloiy of oloinaI
liulh viII finaIIy liiunph, vo conlinuaIIy piay lhal lolloi days cono foi hoi, foi Russia,
and lhal poaco and piospoiily nay lo oslalIishod lhioughoul lho voiId afloi lho days
of vai havo passod.xI|xIj

onc|uslon

Aichlishop Avoiky vilnossos lhal VIadyka MoliopoIilan novoi dispIayod any
oxlionisn in anylhing, lul aIvays lohavod vilh conpIolo dignily, as a liuo Hioiaich of
Cod.xIi|xIij This quaIily is pailicuIaiIy ovidonl in his handIing of lho oxlionoIy
difficuIl poIilicaI silualion lhal confionlod hin duiing lho poiiod of lho Thiid Roich. As
a Russian Oilhodox aichpasloi, ho Iongod noio lhan anylhing foi lho Iiloialion of his
counliy fion lho oIshovik yoko, and vas conpIoloIy consislonl in his unioIonling
condonnalion of oIshovisn. ul ho did nol faII inlo lho oxliono of suppoiling lho
Nazis uniosoivodIy. On lho conliaiy: ho suppoilod lhon onIy so Iong as lhoy suppoilod
Oilhodoxy, lul novoi fIalloiod lhon and novoi suppoilod lhoii ciuoI oxcossos, and
sincoioIy voIconod lhoii dofoal al lho hands of lho vosloin aIIios.

Hovovoi, lho sano Iack of oxlionisn cannol lo alliilulod lo VIadyka Anaslasys
oppononls, and ospociaIIy lo lho Moscov Ialiiaich vho hypociilicaIIy accusod hin of
synpalhising vilh lho Nazis vhiIo hinsoIf ciavonIy loving dovn lo lho nosl oviI and
dosliuclivo of lyianls, caIIing hin lho choson ono of lho Loid, vho Ioads oui
falhoiIand lo piospoiily and gIoiy. Indood, lho MIs cuIl of SlaIin knovs no paiaIIoI in
Chiislian hisloiy, and MoliopoIilan Anaslasy vas loIIing no noio lhan lho soloi liulh
vhon ho violo lhal lhis vas lho poinl vhoio lho sulsoivionco of nan loidois aIioady
on lIasphony. RoaIIy - can ono loIoialo lhal a poison slainod vilh lIood fion hoad lo
fool, covoiod vilh ciinos Iiko Iopiosy and poisonod doopIy vilh lho poison of
godIossnoss, shouId lo nanod 'lho choson of lho Loid, couId lo doslinod lo Ioad oui
honoIand 'lo piospoiily and gIoiy` Doos lhis nol anounl lo casling sIandoi and aluso
on Cod lho Mosl High HinsoIf, Who, in such a caso, vouId lo iosponsilIo foi aII lho
oviI lhal has loon going on aIioady foi nany yoais in oui Iand iuIod ly lho oIshoviks
hoadod ly SlaIin` Tho alon lonl, and aII lho olhoi dosliuclivo noans invonlod ly
nodoin lochnoIogy, aio indood Ioss dangoious lhan lho ncra| disin|cgra|icn vhich lho
highosl iopiosonlalivos of lho civiI and chuich aulhoiilios havo pul inlo lho Russian
souI ly lhoii oxanpIo. Tho lioaking of lho alon liings vilh il onIy physicaI dovaslalion
and dosliuclion, vhoioas lho ccrrup|icn c1 |nc nind, ncar| and ui|| onlaiIs lho spiri|ua|
dca|n of a vhoIo nalion...xIii|xIiij

i|i|

ii|iij A.K. Nikilin, !c|czncnic russ|cj pratcs|atncj coscninq t Gcrnanii t pcricd na|sis|s|cgc
rcznina (1933-1945) (Tho Iosilion of lho Russian Oilhodox Connunily in Coinany in
lho Nazi Ioiiod (1933-1945), annuaI lhooIogicaI confoionco ISTI, Moscov, 1998, Monk
onjanin, |c|cpis Tscr|ctnq|n Scoq|ij (1928-1938) (ChionicIo of Chuich Lvonls (1939-
1949)), pail 3, hllp://vvv.zIalousl.vs/Iolopis2.hln, pail 2, p.71.
iii|iiij C.M. SoIdalov, poisonaI connunicalion.
iv|ivj C.M. SoIdalov, poisonaI connunicalion.
v|v| !cs|anic | russ|in pratcs|atnqn |iudian pc pctcdu Oorascncnia pa|riar|na A|c|sia |
ar|ipas|qrian i ||iru |a| nazqtacncj Kar|cta|s|cj cricn|a|sii (LpislIo lo lho Russian
Oilhodox poopIo on lho 'Addioss of Ialiiaich AIoxis lo lho aichpaslois and cIoigy of
lho so-caIIod KaiIovlsy oiionlalion), in C.M. SoIdalov, Ar|nicrcjs|ij Scocr Russ|cj
!ratcs|atncj Tscr|ti Zagrani|scj, Miun|ncn (Gcrnania) 1946 g. (Tho HioiaichicaI CounciI
of lho Russian Oilhodox Chuich Alioad al Munich in 1946), MinnoapoIis, 2OO3, p. 13 .
vi|vij SoIdalov, op. cil., p. 12, foolnolo 9.
vii|viij SoIdalov, op. cil., pp. 12-13.
viii|viiij M. Nazaiov, Missia russ|cj cnigra|sii (Tho Mission of lho Russian Lnigialion),
Moscov, 1994, voI. 1, p. 266, in Monk onjanin, |c|cpis Tscr|ctnq|n Scoq|ij (1938-1948)
(ChionicIo of Chuich Lvonls (1939-1949)), pail 3,
hllp://vvv.zIalousl.vs/Iolopis3.hln, pail 3, p. 5 .
ix|ixj Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p. 1.
x|xj M.V. Shkaiovsky, in Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p. 14-15.
xi|xi| On lho day lho Coinans invadod lho Soviol Union, viilos M.V. Shkaiovsky, a
soaich vas caiiiod oul in lho iosidonco of MoliopoIilan Anaslasy |in oIgiadoj. |andj
soaichos in lho chancoIIoiy of lho HioiaichicaI Synod and in lho fIal of lho diiocloi of lho
synodaI chancoIIoiy C. Ciallo. Duiing lho soaich lho cIoiicaI voik of lho Synod and
nany olhoi docunonls voio lakon avay lo Coinany foi sludy. In 1945 lhoy voio
acquiiod ly lho Soviol ainios and aio nov in Moscov, in lho Slalo aichivo of lho
Russian fodoialion. (a|sis|s|aia Gcrnania i !ratcs|atnaia Tscr|ct (Nazi Coinany and
lho Oilhodox Chuich), Moscov, 2OO2, p. 193, in SoIdalov, op. cil., p. 12). (V.M.)
xii|xiij Avoiky, Zniznccpisanic 8|azncnncjsnagc Mi|rcpc|i|a Anas|asia (A Lifo of his
oaliludo MoliopoIilan Anaslasy), in Trci|s|ij !ratcs|atnij Russ|ij Ka|cndar na 1998 g.
(Tiinily Oilhodox Russian CaIondai foi 1998), }oidanviIIo: HoIy Tiinily Monasloiy, pp.
x-xi .

xiii|xiiij SoIzhonilsyn, Tnc Mcr|a| Dangcr, London: Tho odIoy Hoad, 198O, pp. 39-4O.
xiv|xivj Kiasikov, Tiolij Rin i oIshoviki (Tho Thiid Rono and lho oIshoviks), in
L.M. Voionlsova, A.V. IchoIinlsov and S.. IiIalov (ods.), Rc|igia i !rata Cnc|ctc|a
(Rc|igicn and Hunan Rign|s), Moscov: Nauka, 1996, p. 2O3 .
xv|xvj Avoiky, op. cil., p. xi.
xvi|xvij Tscr|ctnaia Znizn (Chuich Lifo), 1942, N 4, Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p.
41.
xvii|xviij SynodaI Aichivo of lho ROCOR in Nov Yoik, d. 15/41, I.27-3O, Monk
onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p. 44.
xviii|xviii| Richaid Ovoiy, Russias lar, London: Ionguin ooks, 1999, p. 162.
xix|xix| Cilod in AIan uIIock, Hi||cr and S|a|in, London: Haipoi CoIIins, 1991, p. 8O1.
xx|xx| Cilod ly W. AIoxoyov and T. Slaviou, Tnc Grca| Rctita|, MinnoapoIis: uigoss
IulIishing Co., 1979, pp. 6O-61.
xxi|xxij I. AIlnan, Knc|c|cs| i ctrcjs|cc scprc|it|cnic na c||upirctanncj |crri|crii SSSR (Tho
HoIocausl and }ovish iosislanco in lho occupiod loiiiloiios of lho USSR), Monk
onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p. 34.
xxii|xxiij M.V. Shkaiovsky, !ratcs|atic i Rcssia (Oilhodoxy and Russia), Monk onjanin,
op. cil., pail 3, pp. 41-42.
xxiii|xxiiij Aichlishop Alhanasius (Mailos), Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p. 45.
xxiv|xxiv| SynodaI Aichivo of lho ROCOR in Nov Yoik, d. 15/41, I.27-3O, Monk
onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, pp. 45-46.
xxv|xxv| Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, pp. 63-64.
xxvi|xxvij C.M. SoIdalov, poisonaI connunicalion.
xxvii|xxvii| Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, pp. 64-65, M.V. Shkaiovsky, R!TsZ na
8a||ana|n t gcdq V|crcj Mirctcj Vcjnq |Tho ROCOR in lho aIkans in lho yoais of lho
Socond WoiId Waij, ishop Ciogoiy (Ciallo), Ar|nicrcjs|ij Sqncd tc || Mirctuiu Vcjnu
|Tho HioiaichicaI Synod in WoiId Wai IIj.
xxviii|xxviiij SoIdalov, op. cil., p. 13.

xxix|xxixj SoIdalov, op. cil., pp. 12, 13, Avoiky, op. cil., p. xi..
xxx|xxxj I.L. SoIonovich, Rossia v konlsIagoio (Russia in lho conconlialion canp), Vc|ia
narcda (Tho WiII of lho IoopIo), Novonloi 22, 1944, Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, pp.
78-79.
xxxi|xxxij Nalokov, in . oyd, aoc|ct. Tnc Ancrican Ycars, London, 1992, p. 85.
xxxii|xxxiij LuIogius, !u|i nccj znizni (Tho Ways of My Lifo), p. 613, in Monk onjanin,
op. cil., pail 3, p. 81.
xxxiii|xxxiiij SoIdalov, op. cil., p. 14.
xxxiv|xxxiv| Monk onjanin, op. cil., pail 3, p. 94.
xxxv|xxxvj ShuniIo, Soviolskij Rozhin i 'Soviolskaia Tsoikov v 4O-o-5O-o gody XX
sloIolia (Tho Soviol Rogino and lho 'Soviol Chuich in lho 4Os and 5Os of lho 2O
lh

Conluiy), hllp://calaconl.oig.ua/noduIos.php`nano=Iagos&go=pago&pid=678 .
xxxvi|xxxvij On lhoso VIasovilos, soo }oachin Coffnan, V|asct prc|it S|a|ina (V|asct
agains| S|a|in), Moscov, 2OO5 (V.M.).
xxxvii|xxxviij SoIdalov, op. cil., p. 11, foolnolo 6. Hovovoi, ShuniIo (op. cil.) givos a sliII
highoi figuio: al lho ond of lho vai, vilh lho coopoialion of lho govoinnonls of lho
vosloin aIIiod counliios, noio lhan 6 niIIion 'Soviol piisonois of vai, 'Osly voikois,
iofugoos and onigios voio foicilIy iopaliialod lo lho U.S.S.R. up lo 1948. Tho najoiily
of lhon poiishod vilhin lho vaIIs of SlaIins NKVD.
xxxviii|xxxviiij Aidov, Avoiding pailicipalion in lho Cioal Vicloiy Soivicos, soinon givon on May 8,
2OO5, Vcr|cgrad, May 18, 2OO5, liansIalod in Tnc Hc11nan lirc, May 18, 2OO5. ShuniIo viilos: Undoi lho
pioloxl of iosloiing 'sociaIisl IogaIily vhoIo faniIios, and ovon sollIononls, voio sonl lo Siloiia, nainIy
fion Wosloin Ukiaino, oIoiussia and lho aIlic iogion. y lho ond of lho 4Os, Soviol MaishaI Zhukov
had oidoiod lho foicilIo ionovaI fion Wosloin Ukiaino lo Siloiia, Kazakhslan and olhoi iogions of noio
lhan 6OO,OOO poopIo (op. cil.). AIoxandoi YakovIov viilos lhal duiing lho vai lho aulhoiilios oxoculod
157,OOO Rod Ainy soIdiois (lho oquivaIonl of fifloon divisions) and aInosl a niIIion voio aiioslod (A
Ccn|urq c1 Russian Vic|cncc in Sctic| Russia, YaIo Univoisily Iioss, 2OO3).
xxxix|xxxixj A. SoIdalov, Vcr|cgrad, May 18, 2OO5, Aichlishop Savva (Raovsky), Lionz,
Or|ncdcx |i1c, voI. 56, N 4, 2OO5, pp. 2-8.
xI|xIj Iiol. A. KisoIov, Oo|i| gcn. A.A. V|ascta (Tho Iaco of ConoiaI A.A. VIasov),
appondix VI , Monk onjanin, op. cil., voI. 3, pp. 9O-93.
xIi|xIij Avoiky, op. cil., p. xi.

xIii|xIiij I.M Andioyov, |s |nc Gracc c1 Gcd prcscn| in |nc Sctic| Cnurcn? WiIdvood,
Canada: Monasloiy Iioss, 2OOO, pp. 32-33 (vilh sono changos in lho liansIalion).