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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

1. A passenger aircraft has a mass of 3.2 X 105 kg when fully laden. It is powered by four jet engines
each producing a maximum thrust of 270 kN.
(a) (i) Calculate the total force of the engines acting on the aircraft.
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(ii) Show that the initial acceleration of the aircraft with the engines set to full thrust is about 3.4ms-2.
Ignore any frictional forces.
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.....................................................................................................................................(2)
(b) The aircraft starts from rest at the beginning of its take-off and has a take-off speed of 90ms-1.
(i) Calculate the time taken for the aircraft to reach its take-off speed if frictional forces are ignored.
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(ii) Frictional forces reduce the actual acceleration of the aircraft to 2.0 ms -2. Calculate the mean total
frictional force acting against the aircraft during the time taken to reach its take-off speed.
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(c) Calculate the minimum runway length required by this aircraft for take-off when the acceleration
is 2.0ms-2.
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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

(d) The cruising speed of the aircraft in level flight with the engines at maximum thrust is a constant
260ms-1. The pilot adjusts the thrust so that the horizontal acceleration is always 2.0ms-2.
Calculate the time taken from take-off for the aircraft to reach its cruising speed.
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2. The Doppler effect equation may be written as:

(a) State in words the condition needed for this equation to be valid.
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(b) (i) A radar speed trap, using electromagnetic radiation, registers a cars fractional change in
frequency as 7.3 X 10-8. Calculate the speed of the car. (speed of EM radiation, c = 3.0 X 108ms-1)
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(ii) The original frequency of the radar waves is 34 GHz.
Calculate the frequency shift corresponding to the fractional frequency change of 7.3 X 10-8.
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.....................................................................................................................................(2)

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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

3. The equation for the speed, v, of a transverse wave along a stretched string is:

where T is the tension in the string and is the mass per unit length of the string.
(a) State the quantities that would need to be measured in order to calculate a single value for the
speed of the wave using the equation. Name a suitable measuring instrument for each quantity.
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(b) The apparatus shown in Figure 2 could be used to measure a value for v.

Explain how this apparatus may be used to calculate an accurate value of the speed of the transverse
wave along the string.
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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

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(c) With the signal generator in Figure 2 set at 152 Hz, 10 loops fit the vibrating length of the string
exactly. The string is of length 2.0 m and the mass on the end of it is 0.72 kg. If the Earths
gravitational field strength, g = 9.81Nkg-1, Calculate the mass of the string.
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4. Polarization is a property of one type of wave.
(a) Name the type of wave that can be polarized.
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(b) Give one example of the type of wave that can be polarized.
.......................................................................................................................................................(1)
(c) Explain why some waves can be polarized but others cannot. Space is provided for sketches
should you wish to include them in your answer.
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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

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5. (a) (i) Define acceleration.


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(ii) State why acceleration is a vector quantity.
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.......................................................................................................................................................(2)
(b) State what feature of a velocity-time graph may be used to calculate
(i) acceleration,
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(ii) displacement.
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(c) The graph in Figure 1 shows how the displacement of a runner from a fixed point, along a straight
track, varies with time.

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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

Without calculation, sketch on the grid in Figure 2 a graph to show how the velocity of the same
runner varies over the same period. The time scales are the same on both graphs.

(4 marks)
6. The diagram shows the forces acting on a stationary kite. The force F is the force that the air exerts
on the kite.

(a) Show on the diagram how force F can be resolved into horizontal and vertical components. (2)

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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

(b) The magnitude of the tension, T, is 25 N.


Calculate
(i) the horizontal component of the tension,
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.................................................................................................................................................. (ii) the
vertical component of the tension.
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............................................................................................................................................. (2)
(c) (i) Calculate the magnitude of the vertical component of F when the weight of the kite is 2.5 N.
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.................................................................................................................................................. (ii) State
the magnitude of the horizontal component of F.
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(iii) Hence calculate the magnitude of F.
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7. The graph represents the motion of a car of mass 1.4 x 103 kg, travelling in a straight line
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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

(a) Describe, without calculation, how the resultant force acting on the car varies over this 10 second
interval.
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(b) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the car.
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(c) At some time later, when the car is travelling at a steady speed of 30ms 1, the useful power
developed by the engine is 20kW. Calculate the driving force required to maintain this speed.
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8. The figure shows the track of a funfair ride.

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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

Point A is 18 m above the ground and point C is 12 m above the ground.


Show that the maximum possible speed of the carriage at C is 11ms1.
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(b) The actual speed at C is less than 11ms 1. Describe the energy changes that take place as the
carriage moves from A to B to C.
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9. (a) A cricketer throws a ball vertically upwards so that the ball leaves his hands at a speed of
25ms1. If air resistance can be neglected, calculate
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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

(i) the maximum height reached by the ball,


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.................................................................................................................................................. (ii) the
time taken to reach maximum height,
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(iii) the speed of the ball when it is at 50% of the maximum height.
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(b) When catching the ball, the cricketer moves his hands for a short distance in the direction of travel
of the ball as it makes contact with his hands. Explain why this technique results in less force being
exerted on the cricketers hands.
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10. (a) Collisions can be described as elastic or inelastic.
State what is meant by an inelastic collision.
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(b) A ball of mass 0.12 kg strikes a stationary cricket bat with a speed of 18ms1. The ball is in contact
with the bat for 0.14 s and returns along its original path with a speed of 15ms1.
Calculate
(i) the momentum of the ball before the collision,

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MESH INTERNATIONAL MECHANICS & WAVES (ALP AS) CT:

....................................................................................................................................................................
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(ii) the momentum of the ball after the collision,
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(iii) the total change of momentum of the ball,
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(iv) the average force acting on the ball during contact with the bat,
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(v) the kinetic energy lost by the ball as a result of the collision.
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TOTAL FOR THIS PAPER: 75 MARKS

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