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3GPP2 X.

S0004-520-E
Version 1.0.0
Date: March 2004

TCAP Application Signaling Protocols


Revision History

Revision Date
Rev. 0 Initial Publication March 2004
X.S0004-520-E v1.0

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2 PART 520
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6 1 APPLICATION SERVICES
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10 1.1 APPLICATION SERVICES ARCHITECTURE
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The Application Services architecture introduced in TIA-41-500 is reproduced in the following
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figure.
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Application Layer
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19
Mobile Application Part
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(MAP)
22 Transaction Capabilities
23 Application Part (TCAP)
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25 APPLICATION
26 SERVICES
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Presentation Layer ANSI
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Transaction
29 Capabilities
30 Session Layer
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33 Transport Layer
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35
36 Figure 1 Application Services Architecture
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Application Services are comprised of the ANSI Transaction Capabilities (TC) specified in ANSI
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T1.114, along with the TIA-41 Mobile Application Part (MAP).
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The TC Transport, Session, and Presentation layers are null layers in this Standard, just as they are
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described in ANSI T1.114. They are included here for completeness; future revisions of this Standard
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may make use of them.
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The Application Layer contains the working part of the TIA-41 Application Services. It is described
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in the remainder of this part and in parts TIA-41-540, -550, -551.
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520-1 APPLICATION SERVICES


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

1.2 APPLICATION LAYER STRUCTURE 1


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The following figure illustrates the TIA-41 Application Layer Structure. 4
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Mobile Application Part 8
(MAP) 9
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ANSI TCAP 14

Application 15
Component Layer 16
sub-layer 17
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Transaction 22
sub-layer 23
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to and from 28
underlying layers 29
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Figure 2 TIA-41 Application Layer Structure
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33
As illustrated, the Mobile Application Part (MAP) defined in this Standard is supported by the ANSI 34
Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP). TCAP, in turn, is structured in two sub-layers: 35
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• the component sub-layer, which deals with individual actions or data, called components. 37
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• the transaction sub-layer, which deals with the exchange of messages containing components
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between two MAP entities.
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APPLICATION LAYER STRUCTURE 520-2


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

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1.3 TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES
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1.3.1 Transaction Portion
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This Standard employs the TCAP package formats and procedures defined in ANSI T1.114 with the
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9
following exceptions and limitations:
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• Special procedures for “Handover,” defined in the ANSI TCAP standard, are not supported.
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12
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14 1.3.2 Component Portion
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16 This Standard employs the TCAP component formats and procedures defined in ANSI T1.114 with
17 the following exceptions and limitations:
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19 • Special procedures for “Handover,” defined in the ANSI TCAP standard, are not supported.
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21
• The Operation Code Identifier is coded as Private TCAP.
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• The Operation Code is partitioned into an Operation Family followed by a Specifier associated
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with each Operation Family member. For TIA-41 the Operation Family is coded as decimal 9.
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Bit H of the Operation Family is always coded as 0.
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• A TCAP INVOKE component shall contain a Component ID Length greater than zero.
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• A TCAP RETURN RESULT component shall only be transmitted in response to an INVOKE
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Component.
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31 • A TCAP RETURN ERROR component shall only be sent in response to an INVOKE
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component, not a RETURN RESULT component.
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34 • If a problem is detected by TCAP (i.e., the received message does not conform to ANSI
35 T1.114.3), a TCAP REJECT component with one of the following Problem Specifiers shall be
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sent:
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38 - All families, General, Transaction Portion: All specifiers.
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40 - INVOKE: Unrecognized Correlation ID.
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42 - RETURN RESULT: Unrecognized Correlation ID, Unexpected Return Result.
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- RETURN ERROR: Unrecognized Correlation ID, Unexpected Return Error.
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• If a problem is detected by TIA-41 MAP (i.e., the received message does not conform to
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TIA-41), a TCAP REJECT component with one of the following TCAP Problem Specifiers
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shall be sent:
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- INVOKE: Duplicate Invoke ID, Unrecognized Operation Code or Incorrect Parameter.
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51 - RETURN RESULT: Incorrect Parameter.
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53 - RETURN ERROR: Incorrect Parameter, Unrecognized Error, Unexpected Error.
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55 • If an error is detected by a TIA-41 MAP user except SMSDeliveryBackward,
56 SMSDeliveryForward, and SMSDeliveryPointToPoint, a TCAP RETURN ERROR component
57 shall be sent. For SMSDeliveryBackward, SMSDeliveryForward, and
58 SMSDeliveryPointToPoint, a TCAP RETURN RESULT with an SMS_CauseCode parameter
59 shall be sent.
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520-3 TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

• As exceptions to the TCAP procedures related to the use of Component Types marked as “Last” 1
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if a ConnectResource INVOKE, a DisconnectResource INVOKE, a InstructionRequest
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INVOKE, a RemoteUserInteractionDirective INVOKE, a ResetTimer INVOKE, or an
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SRFDirective INVOKE is received encoded as a response to the INVOKE component of some
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other TIA-41 operation, it should not be treated as the final response to that other INVOKE 6
component. 7
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• As exceptions to the TCAP procedures related to the use of Component Types marked as “Last”
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a SeizeResource RETURN RESULT should not treated as the final response to a SeizeResource 10
INVOKE component. 11
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1.3.2.1 TCAP INVOKE Component 14
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The structure of an ANSI TCAP package containing an INVOKE component is shown in the 16

following table. 17
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Table 1 Structure of TCAP Package with INVOKE Component
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Package Type Identifier 21


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Total TCAP Message Length 23

Transaction ID Identifier 24
25
Transaction ID Length 26
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Transaction IDs
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Component Sequence Identifier 29
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Component Sequence Length
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Component Type Identifier 32
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Component Length
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Component ID Identifier 35
36
Component ID Length 37

Component IDs 38
39
Operation Code Identifier 40

Operation Code Length 41


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Operation Code 43
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Parameter Set Identifier
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Parameter Set Length 46
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Parameter Set
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49
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1.3.2.1.1 INVOKE Response Philosophy
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1. If a network entity receives an INVOKE with an incorrect TCAP message (e.g., ill-
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formatted), it shall respond with a REJECT to report this error.
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2. If a network entity receives an INVOKE and is unable to initiate or complete the operation, 55
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it shall respond with a RETURN ERROR.
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TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES 520-4


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

1 3. If a network entity receives an INVOKE and is able to complete the operation, it shall
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respond with a RETURN RESULT to report the completion of the operation, except for the
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messages HandoffMeasurementRequest and MobileOnChannel.
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1.3.2.2 TCAP RETURN RESULT Component
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9 The structure of a TCAP package containing a RETURN RESULT component is shown in the
10 following table.
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12 Table 2 Structure of TCAP Package with RETURN RESULT Component
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14 Package Type Identifier
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Total TCAP Message Length
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17 Transaction ID Identifier
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Transaction ID Length
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20 Transaction IDs
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Component Sequence Identifier
23 Component Sequence Length
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Component Type Identifier
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Component Length
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28 Component ID Identifier
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Component ID Length
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31 Component IDs
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Parameter Set Identifier
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34 Parameter Set Length
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Parameter Set
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520-5 TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

1.3.2.3 TCAP RETURN ERROR Component 1


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The structure of a TCAP package containing a RETURN ERROR component is shown in the
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following table.
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Table 3 Structure of TCAP Package with RETURN ERROR Component 7
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Package Type Identifier
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Total TCAP Message Length 10
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Transaction ID Identifier
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Transaction ID Length 13
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Transaction IDs 15

Component Sequence Identifier 16


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Component Sequence Length 18

Component Type Identifier 19


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Component Length 21
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Component ID Identifier
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Component ID Length 24
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Component IDs
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Error Code Identifier 27
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Error Code Length
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Error Code 30
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Parameter Set Identifier 32

Parameter Set Length 33


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Parameter Set 35
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The Parameter Set is encoded as follows: 38
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RETURN ERROR Parameters
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Field Value Type Reference Notes 42
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Identifier Set [NATIONAL 18] M 44
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Length variable octets M
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Contents 47
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FaultyParameter O 550-2.120 a
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Notes: 51
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a. Include if the error involved a specific parameter. 53
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1.3.2.3.1 Error Definitions 56
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The detailed handling of operation errors is specified in the operations procedures. 58
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TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES 520-6


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

1 The following definitions for errors are not exhaustive, but are included so that different
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manufacturers and users have a common understanding of the mapping between a reported error and
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the occurrence which generates it. The detection of the errors is not mandatory, however, if an error
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is detected for one of the examples given, then the indicated error code should be used.
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Implementations should not give cause for these reasons to be generated. For
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SMSDeliveryBackward, SMSDeliveryForward, and SMSDeliveryPointToPoint, detected errors
8 should be mapped into the SMS_CauseCode parameter returned in the RETURN RESULT.
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10
UnrecognizedMIN
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a. Supplied MIN is not currently served by the VLR.
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13 b. Supplied MIN is not currently served by the HLR.
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15 c. Supplied MIN is not currently served by the Serving MSC.
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17 d. Supplied MIN does not currently have an active call on an originating MSC.
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UnrecognizedESN
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a. Supplied ESN does not match HLR’s stored value for subscriber’s ESN.
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b. Supplied ESN does not match VLR’s stored value for subscriber’s ESN.
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24 c. Supplied ESN is negative listed.
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26 ID/HLRMismatch
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28 a. Supplied MSID is not resident on the HLR.
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b. Supplied MDN is not resident on the HLR.
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OperationSequenceProblem
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33 a. Unexpected INVOKE in response to an INVOKE.
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35 b. Operation is not allowed in the current state.
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37 ResourceShortage
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a. Network entity congestion.
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b. Application (or function) congestion.
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c. Network congestion.
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44 d. No transaction IDs available.
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46 e. Internal processing resource shortage (memory, I/O, disk, processor, etc.)
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48 f. No TLDNs available.
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OperationNotSupported
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a. Operation is not supported on the addressed network entity.
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53 TrunkUnavailable
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55 a. Specific requested trunk is not available.
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57 b. No trunks are available, but are required to perform the operation.
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ParameterError
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520-7 TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

a. Parameter errors and parameter encoding errors (550-2). Parameter errors include exactly 1
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one FaultyParameter parameter in the parameter set.
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UnrecognizedParameterValue 4
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a. UnrecognizedParameterValue is a parameter value which is encoded properly (550-2), but 6
its value is not recognized. UnrecognizedParameterValue errors should include exactly one 7

FaultyParameter parameter in the parameter set. 8


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SystemFailure 10
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a. System component failure. 12
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b. Network component failure. 14
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c. Chained operation failure.
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d. Required subsystem failure. 17


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FeatureInactive 19
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a. Cannot reroute call because indicated feature is inactive. 21
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MissingParameter 23
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a. Expected optional parameter is missing.
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b. All profile parameters are expected, but some are missing.
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c. All qualification parameters are expected, but some are missing. 28


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d. MissingParameter errors should include exactly one FaultyParameter parameter in the 30
parameter set. 31
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Note that this Error Code is not used to indicate a missing mandatory parameter; a REJECT 33
component with a Problem Specifier of Incorrect Parameter is used in this case. 34
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UnrecognizedIMSI/TMSI
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a. Supplied IMSI is not currently served by the VLR.
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b. Supplied IMSI is not currently served by the HLR. 40


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c. Supplied IMSI is not currently served by the Serving MSC. 42
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d. Supplied IMSI does not currently have an active call on an originating MSC. 44
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e. Supplied TMSI is not currently served by the Old Serving VLR. TMSI_ZONE may be 46
matched, but TMSI_CODE is not matched. 47
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f. Supplied TMSI is not currently served by the Serving VLR. TMSI_ZONE may be matched,
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but TMSI_CODE is not matched. 50
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TMSI/VLRMismatch
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a. Supplied TMSI is not resident on the Old Serving VLR. 53


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b. Supplied TMSI is not resident on the Serving VLR. 55
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TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES 520-8


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

1 For TIA-41 the Error Code Identifier is coded as Private TCAP. Error Codes are coded as follows:
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Table 4 Error Codes
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Error Code Name Error Code
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H G F E D C B A
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8 UnrecognizedMIN 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
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10 UnrecognizedESN 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
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ID/HLRMismatch 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
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13 OperationSequenceProblem 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
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15 ResourceShortage 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
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OperationNotSupported 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
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18 TrunkUnavailable 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
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ParameterError 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
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SystemFailure 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
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23 UnrecognizedParameterValue 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
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FeatureInactive 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
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26 MissingParameter 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
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28 UnrecognizedIMSI/TMSI 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
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TMSI/VLRMismatch 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
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31 Reserved 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
32 (Note a) through
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1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
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35 Reserved for Protocol Extension 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
36 (Note b) through
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Notes:
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42 a. Treat a reserved value the same as value 133 (decimal), ResourceShortage.
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44 b. Error codes 224 to 255 (decimal) shall be reserved for protocol extension. If unknown, treat
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520-9 TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES


X.S0004-520-E v1.0

1.3.3 TCAP REJECT Component 1


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The structure of a TCAP package containing a REJECT component is shown in the following table.
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Table 5 Structure of TCAP Package with REJECT Component 6
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Package Type Identifier
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Total TCAP Message Length 9


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Transaction ID Identifier 11

Transaction ID Length 12
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Transaction IDs 14
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Component Sequence Identifier
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Component Sequence Length 17
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Component Type Identifier
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Component Length 20
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Component ID Identifier
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Component ID Length 23
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Component IDs
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Problem Code Identifier 26
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Problem Code Length 28

Problem Code 29
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Parameter Set Identifier 31
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Parameter Set Length
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Parameter Set 34
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A TCAP REJECT component with a TCAP Problem Code containing a Problem Specifier with one 37
of the following values may include one occurrence of a FaultyParameter parameter identifying the 38
parameter in error: 39
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a. INVOKE: Incorrect Parameter 41
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b. RETURN RESULT: Incorrect Parameter
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c. RETURN ERROR: Incorrect Parameter
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When a network entity receives a message with protocol errors, it shall return with a REJECT 46

component. 47
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When a network entity receives a REJECT component it should: 49
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a. Stop timer for current task. 51
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b. Exit the current task. 53
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c. Begin recovery procedures according to the network entity’s internal algorithm.
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d. If it needs to respond to another network entity due to an ongoing transaction, it should send
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a RETURN ERROR component indicating System Failure.
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TCAP FORMATS AND PROCEDURES 520-10

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