N 19

Thit k v tnh ton h thng kh thi trong xng sn xut b tng

ct thp.
V tr cc thit b
Th t

Thit b 1

Thit b 2

Thit b 3

Thit b 4

Thit b 5

Thit b 6

Thit b 7

19

My mi

Khu lm
khun

Kw ha
cht

My tin
phi

L hi

L sy
than

Kw ha
cht

Thng tin cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :

-

My mi : c nng bi pht sinh 700 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh 100 m) .

My tin phi : c nng bi kim loi pht sinh 600 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh 120
m).
2 KW ha cht c cc dung mi hu c bay hi (VOC, acetone, benzene,toluene) gy
nguy hi cho sc khe ngi lao ng, cn ht v x l.
Khu lm khun pht sinh bi mn (<10 m) c nng bi pht sinh 700 mg/m3.
L hi s dng nhin liu l du F.O c cc thng s i km.
L sy than s s dng nhin liu t l than c cc thng s i km.
Kh thi sau x l t QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT.

Thng s tnh ton cho l hi, l sy than

Nhin
liu

Cp
(%)

Hp
(%)

Op
(%)

Np
(%)

Sp
(%)

Ap(
%)

Wp
(%)

Dung ng
m d khi
(g/kg) h(m)

B(kg/
h)

Tham
cm

65

4.15

2.79

3.16

0.9

16

17

15

650

Du
FO

78.3

3.15

3.79

2.16

2.6

17

15

650

D(m
m)

550

550

Nhit
khi
TK(0C)
130

130

Gi s :
-

Xng sn xut Cng ty b tng thp t ngy 16/1/2007 (s dng ct B trong QCVN
19/2009-BTNMT).
Vn tc ti ming ht : 2-3 m/s.
Vn tc trong ng dn kh : 10-12m/s.
Chiu cao ca nc phn xng 10m.
Chiu cao chp ht 500m.
Thit b x l cch b tng 1-2m.
1

Chng I : Tnh lu lng

1. Thit b my mi : C nng bi pht sinh 700 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh
100m)
Tit din hnh ch nht ca chp ht : 1500mm X 500mm. cao 1m so vi mt t
Din tch mt bng F = 0,75 m2
Lu lng chp ht : L = Vh.F =1,8.0,75 = 1,35m3/s.

My mi

500m

kh
vao

1000

2. Khu lm khun : Khu lm khun pht sinh bi mn (<10 m) .

Tit din hnh ch nht ca chp ht : 1250mm X 500mm. cao 1m so vi mt t
Din tch mt bng F = 0,625m2
Lu lng chp ht : L = Vh.F =2.0,625 = 1,25m3/s.

3. Kw ha cht : 2 KW ha cht c cc dung mi hu c bay hi (VOC, acetone,

benzene,toluene) gy nguy hi cho sc khe ngi lao ng, cn ht v x l.
i vi KW ho cht c din tch mt bng l hnh thang cn th chng ta s t t ht
l hnh ch nht vi chiu di l y ln ca hnh thang +20mm v chiu rng l chiu
cao ca hnh thang +20mm.

Din tch mt bng

Din tch t ht

i vi din tch mt bng l hnh trn th t ht s c dng hnh vung vi cnh l

ng knh hnh trn +20mm.

Din tch mt bng

Din tch t ht

T ht t cch sn 1m, cao 2m , chp ht cao 0,5 m v vn tc ti ca ht l 0,2 m/s.

T ht cho KW ho cht ti v tr 3 trn s bn v mt bng:

Tit din ch nht ca t ht l: (3250+40) X (2000 +40)mm =6711600 mm2 = 6,712m2
Th tch lm vic ca t ht l: (3250+40) X (2000 +40)X 2000 mm = 13,424m3.
Lu lng ca chp ht:
L = vF = 0,2 X 6,712 = 1,342 m3/s ( vn tc ti ca ht v =0,2m/s ).
T ht cho KW ho cht ti v tr 7 trn s mt bng:
Tit din ch nht ca t ht l: (4000+40) x (4000+40) mm = 16,322 m2
Th tch lm vic ca t ht l: (4000+40) x (4000+40) x 2000 mm =32,643 m3.
Lu lng ca chp ht:
L = vF = 0.2 x 16,322 = 3,264 m3/s
4. My tin phi: c nng bi kim loi pht sinh 600 mg/m3 (bi c ng knh
120m).
Tit din hnh ch nht ca chp ht : 1500mm X 500mm. cao 1m so vi mt t
Din tch mt bng F = 0,75 m2
Lu lng chp ht : L = Vh.F =1,8.0,75 = 1,35m3/s.

kh
vao

500

My tin
phi

1000 mm

5. L hi (du FO) :

Nhit nng ca nhin liu theo cng thc Mendeleev (12.7) :

Qp = 81 *65 + 246 *4.15 26 * (2.79 - 0.9) 6 * 8= 6188,76 kcal/kgNL

TT

i lng tnh ton

K
hiu

Cng thc tnh ton

Gi tr

n v

Lng khng kh kh V0
l thuyt cn cho qu
trnh chy

V0=0,089Cp+0,264Hp0,0333(Op-Sp)

7,761

M3
chun/kgNL

Lng khng kkh m Va

l thuyt cn cho qu
trnh chy ( t=300C,
=65%d=17g/kg)

Va=(1+0,0016d)V0

7,972

nt

Lng khng kh m Vt
thc t vi h s tha
khng kh =1,4

Vt=Va

11,161

nt

Lng SO2trong sn VSO2

phm chy

VSO2=0,683.10-2Sp

1,78.10-2

nt

Lng kh CO trong VCO

SPC vi h s chy
khng hon ton v ha
hc v c hc =0,025

VCO=1,865.10-2Cp

0.0365

nt

Lng kh CO2 trong VCO2

SPC

VCO2=1,865.10-2(1-)Cp

1,424

nt

Lng hi nc trong VH2O

SPC

VH2O=0,111HP+0,0124
WP+0,0016dVt

0,728

nt

Lng kh N2 trog SPC

VN2=0,8.10-2NP+0,79Vt

8,834

nt

Lng kh O2 trong VO2

khng kh tha

VO2=0,21(-1)Va

0,67

nt

10

Lng SPC tng cng

VSPC= VSO2+ VCO+ 11,71

VCO2+ VH2O+ VN2+VN2

VN2

VSPC

=1,4. 7,972

nt

Tnh ton nng cht nhim ti ming ng khi

TT

i lng tnh ton

Cng thc

Gi tr

n
v

Lng khi (SPC) iu kin LC

chun t=0 0C;P=760mmHg

LC=VSPC.B/3600

2,114

M3/s

Lng khi (SPC) iu kin LT

thc t tkhi0C

LT=LC(273+tkhi)/273

3,121

M3/s

Lng
kh
SO2
3
SO2=2,926kg/m chun

vi MSO2

MSO2=(103VSO2.B.SO2)/3600

9,404

g/s

Lng
kh
CO
3
CO=1,25kg/m chun

vi MCO

MCO=(103VCO.B.CO)/3600

8,238

g/s

Lng
kh
CO2
3
CO2=1,977kg/m chun

vi MCO2 MCO2=(103VCO2B.CO2)/3600

508,308

g/s

Lng tro bi vi h s tro Mbi

bay theo khi =0,5

3,611

g/s

Lng kh NOx

998.207

mg/s

K
hiu

Mbi=10..AP.B/3600

MNOx MNox =1,723.103.B1.18/3600

CmaxNOx=MNox/LT =319.836 mg/m3

CmaxSO2=MSO2/LT=9,404/3,121= 3,013g/m3 =3013 mg/ m3

CmaxCO=MCO/LT= 8,238/3,121= 2,64 g/m3=2640 mg/ m3
CmaxCO2=MCO2/LT=508,308/3,121=162,867 g/m3=162867 mg/ m3
Cmaxbui=Mbi/LT=3,611/3,121=1,157 g/m3=1157 mg/ m3
- So snh nng Cmax cc cht S02, C0, C02, bi vi QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT ( y ta
so snh vi ct B).

TT

Loi
thi

Gii hn cho php mg/m3 i vi loi c s

sn xut

cht Cmax
(mg/m3)

Kh SO2

3013

1500

500

Kh CO

2640

1000

1000

Kh CO2

162867

Bi khi

1157

Khng quy nh trong tiu Khng quy nh trong tiu

chun
chun
400

200

6. L sy than (than cm):

Nhit nng ca nhin liu theo cng thc Mendeleev (12.7):

Qp = 81 *65 + 246 *4.15 26 * (2.79 - 0.9) 6 * 8= 6188,76 kcal/kgNL

TT

i lng tnh ton

K
hiu

Cng thc tnh ton

Gi tr

n v

Lng khng kh kh l thuyt V0

cn cho qu trnh chy

V0=0,089Cp+0,264Hp0,0333(Op-Sp)

6,818

M3
chun/k
gNL

Lng khng kkh m l Va

thuyt cn cho qu trnh chy
( t=300C, =65%d=17g/kg)

Va=(1+0,0016d)V0

7,003

nt

Lng khng kh m thc t Vt

vi h s tha khng kh
=1,4

Vt=Va

Lng SO2trong sn phm VSO2

chy

Lng kh CO trong SPC vi VCO

h s chy khng hon ton v

9,804

nt

VSO2=0,683.10-2Sp

6,147.1
0-3

nt

VCO=1,865.10 -2Cp

0,03

nt

ha hc v c hc =0,025
6

Lng kh CO2 trong SPC

VCO2 VCO2=1,865.10 -2(1-)Cp

1,212

nt

Lng hi nc trong SPC

VH2O VH2O=0,111HP+0,0124WP

0,827

nt

VN2=0,8.10-2NP+0,79Vt

7,77

nt

+0,0016dVt

Lng kh N2 trog SPC

Lng kh O2 trong khng kh VO2

tha w

VO2=0,21(-1)Va

0,588

nt

10

Lng SPC tng cng

VSPC= VSO2+ VCO+ VCO2+

VH2O+ VN2+VN2

10,488

nt

VN2

VSPC

Tnh ton nng cht nhim ti ming ng khi

tt

i lng tnh ton

K
hiu

Cng thc

Gi tr

n
v

Lng khi (SPC) iu LC

kin
chun
0
t=0 C;P=760mmHg

LC=VSPC.B/3600

1,894

M3/s

Lng khi (SPC) iu LT

kin thc t tkhi 0C

LT=LC(273+tkhi)/273

2,796

M3/s

Lng
kh SO2
vi MSO2
3
SO2=2,926kg/m chun

MSO2=(103VSO2.B.SO2)/3600 3,247

g/s

Lng
kh
CO
3
CO=1,25kg/m chun

MCO=(103VCO.B.CO)/3600

g/s

Lng kh CO2
vi MCO2
3
CO2=1,977kg/m chun

MCO2=(103VCO2B.CO2)/3600 432,634 g/s

Lng tro bi vi h s tro Mbi

bay theo khi =0,5

Mbi=10..AP.B/3600

14,444

g/s

Lng kh NOx

MNox=3,953.10-2.Q1,18/3600

0,327

mg/s

vi MCO

MNOx

6,771

CmaxNOx=MNox/LT =0,117 mg/m3

CmaxSO2=MSO2/LT= 1161mg/ m3
CmaxCO=MCO/LT= 2422mg/ m3
CmaxCO2=MCO2/LT= 154733mg/ m3
Cmaxbui=Mbi/LT= 5165mg/ m3

Loi
thi

TT

Gii hn cho php mg/m3 i vi

loi c s sn xut

cht Cmax
(mg/m3)

Kh SO2

1161

1500

500

Kh CO

2422

1000

1000

Kh CO2

154733

Bi khi

5165

Khng quy nh Khng quy nh trong

trong tiu chun
tiu chun
400

200

Chng II : Vch tuyn ng

10

Chng III: Tnh Ton Thy Lc

1. Khu vc my mi (mt bng s 1) :
Cc thng s cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :(da vo phc lc 3 )
Da vo bng ph lc 3,tnh c
d=383mm v R=0,383kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=400mm, v=12m/s

Lu lng L=1,35m3/s=4860m3/h
Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =8,81

=0,35
=0,35 l1 =1m
l2=10,572m

Ming ht : =1.05
Ta c hai ngot 90 o :R/D =2, vy =0,35*2=0,7
STT
1

L
(m3/h)

l (m)

4860

11,572

=1,75
(v2 x )/

v
(m/s)

d
(mm)

R
(kG/m3)

Rxl

12

400

0,383

4,432

(2 g)

Pcb
(kG/m2)

8,81

15,42

19,85

1,75

2. Khu vc lm khun :
Cc thng s cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :

phc lc 3 sch K thut thng gi_GS. Trn Ngc Chn_NXB Xy dng H Ni 1998

11

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=346mm v R=0,413kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=355mm, v=12m/s

Lu lng L=1,25m3/s =4500m3/h

Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =8,52

=0,35

=0,35
L2=4,533

L3=6m

L1=9m

L4=1m

=0,35
=0,35

Ming ht : =1.05
Ta c bn ngot 90o :R/D =2, vy =0,35*4=1,4

STT

L (m /h)

4500

l (m)

20,533

v (m/s)

11,8

=2,45

d
(m
m)

R
(kG/m
3
)

Rxl

355

0,413

8,48

(v2 x )/

(2 g)

Pcb
(kG/m2)

8,52

20,874

29,354

2,45

3. Khu vc ha cht :
Cc thng s cn thit cho qu trnh tnh ton :
a. Khu vc ha cht 3 :
3

Lu lng L=1,342 m /s =4831m /h

Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=383mm v R=0,383kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=400mm, v=12m/s
(v2 x )/ (2 g) =8,81

b. Khu vc ha cht 7 :

12

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=614mm v R=0,177kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=630mm, v=11m/s

Lu lng L=3,264 m3/s =11750m3/h

Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =7,4

ng ng chung cho hai khu ha cht c :

Lu lng L=16581m3/h

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=699mm v R=0,163kg/m3,vy
ta chn d=710mm, v=11,7m/s

Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =8,37

l=8m

l=3m

l=10m

l=1m

l=6,5m

3
l=2m

l=6,5m
2a
Khu 3

Khu 7

L0/Lt =4831/11750 =0,7

F0/Ft =630/710 = 0,9

Tra bng ph lc 4
= 0.16

STT

Tn chi tit

S lng

Ghi ch

on 1-2

Chp ht

= 1.05

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t)

= 0.4

Chp ht

= 1.05

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t)

= 0.4

Chc 3 300

= 0.16

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t)

= 0.4

on 2a-2

on 2-3

1-2=1,45

2a-2=1,45

2-3=0,56

13

R,
L,
m3/h

l,
m

v,
m/s

d,
mm

1-2

4831

14,5

12

2a - 2

11750

6,5

2-3

16581

15

on

(2 g)

Pcb
kG/m2

P= R.l
+Pcb,
kG/m2

(v2 x )/

400

R.l
kG/m2
.m
0,388
5,63

1.45

8.81

12,77

18,4

11

630

0,177

1,15

1.45

7,4

10,73

11,88

11,7

710

0,163

2,45

0,56

8.37

4,69

7,14

P =37,44

4. Khu vc my tin phi :

Lu lng L=1,35m3/s=4860m3/h
Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=383mm v R=0,383kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=400mm, v=12m/s
(v2 x )/ (2 g) =8,81

=0,35
=0,35 l1=1m
l2=11m

STT

L
(m3/h)

l (m)

4860

12

v (m/s)

12

d (mm)

400

(v2 x )/

R
(kG/m3)

Rxl

0,383

4,96

(2 g)

Pcb
(kG/m2)

8,81

15,42

20,38

1,75

5. Khu vc l hi v l sy than:

a. L sy than :
cc thng s cn cho qu trnh tnh ton :
14

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=614mm v R=0,177kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=630mm, v=11m/s

Lu lng L=2,796m3/s=10065,5m3/h
Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =7,4

b. L hi (du FO) :
Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=614mm v R=0,177kg/m3,vy ta
chn d=630mm, v=11m/s

Lu lng L=3,121m3/s=11235,5m3/h
Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =7,4

ng ng chung cho hai thit b trn :

Da vo bng ph lc 3 ,tnh c
d=792mm v R=0,151 kg/m3,vy
ta chn d=800mm, v=12m/s

Lu lng L=21301m3/h
Vn tc trong ng :V=10-12m/s

(v2 x )/ (2 g) =8,81

2a
l=6m
L sy

L hi
l=2m

l=6m

l=22,5m

l=9m

l=10m
3

L0/Lt =10065/11235=0,9
F0/Ft =630/800 = 0,8

Tra bng ph lc 4
= 0.22

15

S lng

STT

Tn chi tit

on 1-2

Chp ht

= 1.05

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t)

= 0.4*2

Chp ht

= 1.05

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t)

= 0.4

Chc 3 300

= 0.22

Ngoc 900 (tit din trn nhiu t)

= 0.4

on 2a-2

on 2-3

Ghi ch
1-2=1,85

2a-2=1,45

2-3=0,66

Da vo s liu thu thp trn, ta lp bng tnh tn tht p lc nh sau:

R,

(2 g)

Pcb
kG/m2

P= R.l
+Pcb,
kG/m2

1,85

7,4

13,7

67,7

26,55

1,45

7,4

10,7

37,3

18,12

0,56

8,81

4,9

23

(v2 x )/

L,
m3/h

l,
m

v,
m/s

d,
mm

1-2

10065,5

30,5

11

630

kG/m2
.m
1,77
53,99

2a - 2

11235,5

15

11

630

1,77

2-3

21301

12

12

800

1,51

on

R.l

P =128 kG/m2

Chng IV: Chn Qut V Cc Thit B X L

Cc trm x l :
Trm 1 : bao gm khu vc mi .
Tm 2 : khu lm khun.
Trm 3: khu ha cht (mt bng 3 +mt bng 4).
Trm 4 :khu mi .
Trm 5 : khu l hi 5 + l than 6.
1. Trm 1 (khu vc my mi ):
My mi pht sinh bi th (100m), vi lu lng 4860 m3/h v nng bi 700mg/m3

16

- i chiu vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht
v c QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT:
Theo gi thuyt v tnh ton ta c Kv = 1, Kp = 1.
Cmax = C * Kv * Kp
Vy gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (loi B):
Bi
200
B
Nh my, c s thuc loi B c nng pht thi bi vt qu tiu chun l khang 3,5 ln.
- Yu cu ca h thng x l l (700-200)/700 = 71,43%.
Quy trnh cng ngh :
Xyclon li-ot

lc bi tay o

ng khi

qut ht

Chn qut :
Tn tht p sut
ton h thng

tn tht p lc on
ng

tn tht p lc
thit b

tn tht on ng
ni thit b vi
nhau

Tn tht p lc on ng :19,85 kG/m2

Tn tht p lc thit b xyclon liot : 50 kG/m2
Tn tht p lc thit b lc bi tay o : 75 kG/m2

Tra bng ph lc 5
Loi qut ly tm .7-40 N 5
Ph thng= 19,85+ 50+75 =144,8 kG/m2

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55%.

S vng quay: 1600 vng/pht
Vn tc quay : 41,9 m/s

Lu lng L=4860m3/h.

Cng sut qut:

Nq =

. .
.

,
,

= 3,8kW

17

Trong :
K: h s d tr :
i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra trc th c th ly K = 1.1-1.15
i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra sau v qut trc : K = 1.05-1.1
: hiu sut ca ng c
Tnh ton thit b :
Chn xiclon : chn xiclon liot

Lu lng L =4860m3/h v vn tc v=12m/s

Tra bng .Suy ra
ng knh ng dn kh vo: d= 0,345m
ng knh ng v cyclone c tra l D= 3,24 x d = 1,1178 m
ng knh ng thot kh ra: d= 0,345m
ng knh x bi ( ng knh ng y) : Dd= 0.4 x d =0,138 m
Chiu cao thn cyclone (Chiu cao ng v): Lb= 5d = 1,725m
Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 1,38m
ng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 0,66m
Chiu di dng xoy (Chiu cao ng ra): S = 5d =1,725 m.

Bng 1 _ph lc

18

 Lc bi ti vi :
Chn vi len c nng sut lc cao, bin ng sch n nh, d phc hi bn khong
67 thng hot ng lin tc.
T l chiu di v ng knh ti vi:
K = 16 : 1 (TCVN 16 20/1 )
Chiu di lc ti thch hp:

l =2000 - 3500mm

Do iu kin khng gian m ta chn l, y l =2000mm.

ng knh ti vi: D =l/K =2000/16 = 125mm (TCVN: D=200-400 mm )

Chn D=200mm

Din tch b mt lc ca mi ti vi:

F1 = . D . l = 3.14 X 0.2 X 2= 1,256m2.

Din tch b mt lc yu cu cn x l lng bi :

F = L/v.h

Trong :
L =4860 m3/h (Lu lng u vo)
v: Cng lc bi : v =15 - 200 m3/m2.h. Do yu cu ca loi vi v
kh nng x l m chn v khc nhau, chn v =150 m3/m2.h.
h: Hiu sut lm vic ca b mt lc, thng ly h =85% .
T , suy ra:
F =4860/(150 X 0.85) = 38,1m2.
S ng tay o dng l: n = F / F1 =38,1/1,256 = 30 ng.
Chn chiu di 6 ng, chiu rng 5 ng.
Tnh ton v la chn kch thc thit b:

Chiu rng thit b:

L = n1 X D + l1 X (n1 +1) = 5 X 0.2 +0.08 X 6 = 1,48m
Vi l1: khong cch gia 2 ti lin tip. Chn l1 = 80mm

Chiu di thit b:
B = n2 X D + l1 X (n2+1) = 6 X 0.2 + 0.08 X 7= 1,76m

Chiu cao thng lc:

h =H + H1 + H2
Trong :
19

 H: Chiu cao b phn lc:

H= l=2m.
H1 : Chiu cao to b phn chn ng trn ti vi, thng ly H1= 0.5 m.
H2 : Chiu cao b phn thu hi bi ,tu theo lng bi v thi gian cn thu
hi, thng
Ly H2 = 0 1.5 m, chn H2 =1 m.
Vy, Chiu cao thng lc: h = 2m + 0.5m + 1m = 3.5 m.
2. Trm 2 ( khu lm khun ) :
Khu lm khun pht sinh bi mn (10m), vi lu lng 4500 m3/h c nng bi pht sinh
700mg/m3.
- i chiu vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht
v c QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT:
Theo gi thuyt v tnh ton ta c Kv = 1, Kp = 1.
Cmax = C * Kv * Kp
Vy gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (loi B):
Bi
200
B
Nh my, c s thuc loi B c nng pht thi bi vt qu tiu chun l khang 3,5 ln.

Quy trnh cng ngh :

Xyclon li-ot

lc bi tay o

ng khi

qut ht

Chn qut :
Tn tht p sut
ton h thng

tn tht p lc on
ng

tn tht p lc
thit b

tn tht on ng
ni thit b vi
nhau

Tn tht p lc on ng :29,354 kG/m2

Tn tht p lc thit b xyclon liot : 50 kG/m2
Tn tht p lc thit b lc bi tay o : 75 kG/m2

20

Tra bng ph lc 5
Ph thng= 29,354 + 50+75 =154,4 kG/m2

Chn qut ly tm .7-40 N 5

Lu lng L=4500m3/h.

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55%.

S vng quay: 1600 vng/pht
Vn tc quay : 41,9 m/s

Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =

. .
.

,
,

= 3,8kW

Trong :
K: h s d tr
i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra trc th c th ly K = 1.1-1.15
i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra sau v qut trc : K = 1.05-1.1
: hiu sut ca ng c
Tnh ton thit b

Chn xiclon : chn xiclon liot (tnh ton v hnh v nh thit b my mi )

Lu lng L =4500m3/h v vn tc v=12m/s
Tra bng.Suy ra
ng knh ng dn kh vo: d= 0,345m
ng knh ng v cyclone c tra l D= 3,24 x d = 1,1178 m
ng knh ng thot kh ra: d= 0,345m
ng knh x bi ( ng knh ng y) : Dd= 0.4 x d =0,138 m
Chiu cao thn cyclone (Chiu cao ng v): Lb= 5d = 1,725m
Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 1,38m
ng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 0,66m
Chiu di dng xoy (Chiu cao ng ra): S = 5d =1,725 m.
Lc bi ti vi :

Bng 1_ ph lc

21

Chn vi len c nng sut lc cao, bin ng sch n nh, d phc hi bn khong
67 thng hot ng lin tc.
T l chiu di v ng knh ti vi:
K = 16 : 1 (TCVN 16 20/1 )
Chiu di lc ti thch hp:

l =2000 - 3500mm

Do iu kin khng gian m ta chn l, y l =2000mm.

ng knh ti vi: D =l/K =2000/16 = 125mm (TCVN: D=200-400 mm )

Chn D=200mm

Din tch b mt lc ca mi ti vi:

F1 = . D . l = 3.14 X 0.2 X 2= 1,256m2.

Din tch b mt lc yu cu cn x l lng bi :

F = L/v.h =4500/(150x0,85) =35,3m3

Trong :
L =4500m3/h (Lu lng u vo)
v: Cng lc bi : v =15 - 200 m3/m2.h. Do yu cu ca loi vi v kh
nng x l m chn v khc nhau, chn v =150 m3/m2.h.
h: Hiu sut lm vic ca b mt lc, thng ly h =85% .
T , suy ra:
F =4500/(150x0,85) =35,3m3.
S ng tay o dng l: n = F / F1 =35,3/1,256 = 28,1 ng. chn n =30 ng
Chn chiu di 6 ng, chiu rng 5 ng.
Tnh ton v la chn kch thc thit b:

Chiu rng thit b:

L = n1 X D + l1 X (n1 +1) = 5 X 0.2 +0.08 X 6 = 1,48m
Vi l1: khong cch gia 2 ti lin tip. Chn l1 = 80mm

Chiu di thit b:
B = n2 X D + l1 X (n2+1) = 6 X 0.2 + 0.08 X 7= 1,76m

Chiu cao thng lc:

h =H + H1 + H2
Trong :
H: Chiu cao b phn lc: H = l = 2 m .
22

 H1 : Chiu cao to b phn chn ng trn ti vi, thng ly H1= 0.5 m.

H2 : Chiu cao b phn thu hi bi ,tu theo lng bi v thi gian cn thu hi,
thng
Ly H2 = 0 1.5 m, chn H2 =1 m.
Vy, Chiu cao thng lc: h = 2m + 0.5m + 1m = 3.5 m.
3. Trm 3 ( khu vc ha cht ) :
Kh thi t khu vc ha cht c cc dung mi hu c bay hi (VOC, acetone, benzen,
toluen) gy nguy hi n sc khe ngi lao ng.
T tnh cht ca dng kh pht sinh t Khu ha cht nh trn, ta ra bin php x
l, chnh l s dng thp hp ph vi vt liu hp ph l than hot tnh.
Trc ht cn hiu r bn cht ca qu trnh hp ph. Hp ph l mt qu trnh phn
ly kh da trn i lc ca mt s cht rn i vi mt s loi kh c mt trong hn hp kh ni
chung v trong kh thi ni ring, trong qu trnh th cc phn t cht kh nhim trong
kh thi b gi li trn b mt ca vt liu rn,
Quan trng nht trong qu trnh ny chnh l vic chn la vt liu hp ph cho ph
hp, vt liu hp ph cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
1. C kh nng hp ph cao tc ht c mt lng ln kh cn kh t pha
kh.
2. Phm vi tc dng rng kh c nhiu loi kh khc nhau.
3. C bn c hc cn thit
4. C kh nng hon nguyn d dng.
5. Gi thnh r.
T tnh cht ca kh thi l nhng cht hydrocacbon, mch vngta chn than hot tnh c
ng knh mao qun l 0.005m c th hp ph tt cc kh c, rt nguy him i vi
sc khe con ngi, v than hot tnh c i lc mnh i vi cc hydrocacbonMt khc n
cn p ng c nhiu vn khc nh: Gi thnh tng i r, c kh nng hon nguyn,
bn c hc cn thit.
xut cng ngh x l:
Kh thi

Thp hp ph bng
than hot tnh

ng khi

Qut ht

Chn qut :

Tn tht p sut
ton h thng

tn tht p lc on
ng

tn tht p lc
thit b

tn tht on ng
ni thit b vi
nhau
23

Tn tht p lc on ng : 37,5kG/m2
Tn tht p lc thit b thp hp th :80kG/m2

Tra bng ph lc 5
Chn qut ly tm : 7 - 40 N 8
Ph thng= 37,5+
80=117,5kG/m2

Hiu sut qut : = 0,4 %.

S vng quay: 1000 vng/pht
Vn tc quay : 41,9m/s

Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =

. .
.

,
,

= 14,6kW

Thit b x l :
Lu lng kh u vo: 16581m3/h =4,6 m3/s.
Kh u vo c vn tc l v= 12 m/s
Vn tc kh qua tit din ngang l 0.8 m/s
L
Tit din ngang ca thp: S = = 4,6/0.8 = 5,75 m2
v
ng knh ca thp: d =

4S
= 2,7m

Thp hp ph c c im nh sau :
C 2 lp than hot tnh, mi lp c b dy d1 = 0.15m
Khong cch gi 2 than hot tnh: d 2 = 0.9m
Khong cch t y thp n y lp than hot tnh th nht d3 = 0.8m
Khong cch t mt lp than th 2 n mt trn ca thp d4 = 0.3m
Vy tng chiu cao ca thp hp ph l
h = 2.d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 = 2 x 0.15 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.3 = 2.3m
Th tch thp hp ph V = S x h = 5,75x 2.3 =13,225 m3/s
Qu trnh hon nguyn than hot tnh

24

Vi nng cht nhim u vo lng than hot tnh ban u v cc iu kin lam vic
khc, lp than hot tnh u c thi gian lm vic ring. Khi thi gian hp ph vt qu thi
gian lm vic ca than hot tnh th lc cn tin hnh hon nguyn than hot tnh.
Than hot tnh c hon nguyn nh khng kh nng. ng dn khng kh nng c b tr
nh hnh v. Hn hp kh sau khi hon nguyn s c dn n h thng thu hi. Nh ta
thu hi c cc ha cht v ti s dng chng.
4. Trm 4 ( khu tin phi ):
Khu tin phi pht sinh bi th (100m), vi lu lng 4860 m3/h v nng bi 600mg/m3
- i chiu vi Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v
cc cht v c QCVN 19/2009-BTNMT:
Theo gi thuyt v tnh ton ta c Kv = 1, Kp = 1.
Cmax = C * Kv * Kp
Vy gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip (loi
B):
Bi
200
B
Nh my, c s thuc loi B c nng pht thi bi vt qu tiu chun l khang 3,5
ln.
- Yu cu ca h thng x l l (600-200)/600 = 66,7%.

Quy trnh cng ngh :

Xyclon li-ot

lc bi tay o

qut ht

ng khi

Chn qut :

Tn tht p sut
ton h thng

tn tht p lc on
ng

tn tht p lc
thit b

tn tht on ng
ni thit b vi
nhau

Tn tht p lc on ng :19,85 kG/m2

Tn tht p lc thit b xyclon liot : 50 kG/m2
Tn tht p lc thit b lc bi tay o : 75 kG/m2

25

Tra bng ph lc 5
Ph thng= 19,85+ 50+75 =144,8 kG/m2

Loi qut ly tm : 7- 40 N 5

Lu lng L=4860m3/h.

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55%.

S vng quay: 1600 vng/pht
Vn tc quay : 41,9 m/s

Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =

. .
.

,
,

= 3,8kW

Trong :
K: h s d tr
i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra trc th c th ly K = 1.1-1.15
i vi qut li tm c cnh un cong ra sau v qut trc : K = 1.05-1.1
: hiu sut ca ng c
Tnh ton thit b :
Chn xiclon : chn xiclon liot

Lu lng L =4860m3/h v vn tc v=12m/s

Tra bng .Suy ra
ng knh ng dn kh vo: d= 0,345m
ng knh ng v cyclone l D= 3,24 x d = 1,1178 m

Bng 1_ phc lc

26

ng knh ng thot kh ra: d= 0,345m

ng knh x bi ( ng knh ng y) : Dd= 0.4 x d =0,138 m
Chiu cao thn cyclone (Chiu cao ng v): Lb= 5d = 1,725m
Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 1,38m
ng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 0,66m
Chiu di dng xoy (Chiu cao ng ra): S = 5d =1,725 m.
Lc bi ti vi :
Chn vi len c nng sut lc cao, bin ng sch n nh, d phc hi bn khong
67 thng hot ng lin tc.
T l chiu di v ng knh ti vi:
K = 16 : 1 (TCVN 16 20/1 )
Chiu di lc ti thch hp:

l =2000 - 3500mm

Do iu kin khng gian m ta chn l, y l =2000mm.

ng knh ti vi: D =l/K =2000/16 = 125mm (TCVN: D=200-400 mm )

Chn D=200mm

Din tch b mt lc ca mi ti vi:

F1 = . D . l = 3.14 X 0.2 X 2= 1,256m2.

Din tch b mt lc yu cu cn x l lng bi :

F = L/v.h

Trong :
L =4860 m3/h (Lu lng u vo)
v: Cng lc bi : v =15 - 200 m3/m2.h. Do yu cu ca loi vi v kh
nng x l m chn v khc nhau, chn v =150 m3/m2.h.
h: Hiu sut lm vic ca b mt lc, thng ly h =85% .
T , suy ra:
F =4860/(150 X 0.85) = 38,1m2.
S ng tay o dng l: n = F / F1 =38,1/1,256 = 30 ng.
Chn chiu di 6 ng, chiu rng 5 ng.
Tnh ton v la chn kch thc thit b:

Chiu rng thit b:

27

L = n1 X D + l1 X (n1 +1) = 5 X 0.2 +0.08 X 6 = 1,48m

Vi l1: khong cch gia 2 ti lin tip. Chn l1 = 80mm

Chiu di thit b:
B = n2 X D + l1 X (n2+1) = 6 X 0.2 + 0.08 X 7= 1,76m

Chiu cao thng lc:

h =H + H1 + H2
Trong :
H: Chiu cao b phn lc:
H= l=2m.
H1 : Chiu cao to b phn chn ng trn ti vi, thng ly H1= 0.5 m.
H2 : Chiu cao b phn thu hi bi ,tu theo lng bi v thi gian cn thu
hi, thng
Ly H2 = 0 1.5 m, chn H2 =1 m.

Vy, Chiu cao thng lc: h = 2m + 0.5m + 1m = 3.5 m.

5. Trm 5 ( khu l hi v l than ):
Kh thi ra t l hi t du FO, c nhng tnh cht v thnh phn sau y:
-Nhit khi thi: 1300C.
-Di y l bng lit k cc loi kh thi cn phi x l theo qui nh ca QCVN
19/2008 BTNMT
i vi l t du FO: lu lng L =3,121m3/h
Loi cht thi

Cmax (mg/m3)

QCVN loi B

TT
1

Kh SO2

3013

500

Kh CO

2640

1000

Kh CO2

162867

Khng quy nh trong tiu

chun

Bi khi

1157

200

i vi l sy than cm:lu lng L=2,796m3/h

28

Cmax (mg/m3)

Loi cht thi

QCVN loi B

TT
1

Kh SO2

1161

500

Kh CO

2422

1000

Kh CO2

154733

Khng quy nh trong tiu

chun

Bi khi

5165

200

Khi trn chung kh thi t l sy than v l t du FO, ta c nng cc kh thi nh

bng sau:

S dng cng thc : Cmax = =

Loi cht thi

Cmax (mg/m3)

QCVN loi B

TT
1

Kh SO2

2138

500

Kh CO

2537

1000

Kh CO2

159023

Khng quy nh trong tiu

chun

Bi khi

3051

200

Cc loi kh thi cn phi x l bao gm: Kh SO2, Kh CO, Bi khi.

Quy trnh cng ngh :

Kh thi
Bung t

Thp gii
nhit

Cyclone
Li-ot

Thp hp
th

Qut
ht

ng
khi

Chn qut :
Tn tht p sut ca tan b bung t v thit b lm mt l: P = 80kG/m2.( Tr lc ca
thp gii nhit l 30 mmH2O = 30 (Kg/m2)
29

Tn tht p sutca xiclonliot l: P 70kG/m2.

Tn tht p sut ca thp hp th l: P = 50kG/m2.
(Cho rng tn tht ng ng ni cc thit b so vi ton h thng l khng ng k).
Vy tn tht p sut trn ton h thng x l (h thng ng ng + thit b x l):
P =128 + 80 + 70 + 50 = 328(kG/m2).
V lu lng kh thi ln nn ta chn hai qut mc song song nhau

Tra bng ph lc 5.
Ph thng =128 + 80 + 70 + 50 =328(kG/m2).

Chn qut ly tm : .7-40 N 6

Lu lng L/2=21301/2=10650,5m3/h.

Hiu sut qut : = 0,55 %.

S vng quay: 2000 vng/pht
Vn tc quay : 62,8m/s

Cng sut mi qut:

Nq =

. .
.

,
,

= 46,5kW

L t
Chn bung t hnh tr nm ngang.
Bung t ch yu x l CO nn nhit lm vic trong khong 680 800 oC.
Thi gian lu trong bung t l 2s.
Lu lng u vo l 5,91m3/s.
Th tch bung t l: V = 2*5,91= 11,8(m3).
Chn t l L/D = 2.5, ta c V = /4*D2L = 2.5/4*D3 = 11.8.
Vy D = 1,82m; L = 4,55m.
Chiu dy thit b khang 2cm.
Thit b lm mt: ty vo thc t m la chn phng thc lm mt.
Xyclon liot :
Lu lng L =21301m3/h v vn tc v=12m/s
30

V lu lng ln nn ta chn hai xyclon lm vic song song nhau.

L =21301/2 =10650,5 m3/h =2,95m3/s =3m3/s.
Tra bng,Suy ra :
ng knh ng dn kh vo: d= 0,545 m
ng knh ng v cyclone c tra l D= 3,24 x d = 1,77m
ng knh ng thot kh ra: d= 0,545m
ng knh x bi ( ng knh ng y) : Dd= 0.4 x d =0,218m
Chiu cao thn cyclone (Chiu cao ng v): Lb= 5d = 2,73m
Chiu cao phu (Chiu cao phn nn): Lc = 4d = 0,218m
ng knh ng xoy: Dx = 1.9 x d = 1,04m
Chiu di dng xoy (Chiu cao ng ra): S = 5d =2,73m
Thp hp th
Chn thit b hp th dng m, c dung dch hp thu l NaOH.
Lu lng u vo l 21301m3/h (5,92m3/s).
Chn vn tc dng kh trong thp hp thu l: v = 1m/s.
ng knh thp hp th l: D =

=2,75m.

Cc thng s khc ly theo thc nghim nh sau:

Vt liu rng l cc ht vi c kch thc l 10 x 20mm.
Chiu cao lp vt liu tch m: 300mm.
Chiu cao lp vt liu m: 100mm.
Khang cch t li vt liu tch m n h thng phn phi nc th 1: 400mm.
Khang cch t h thng phn phi nc th 1 n tm c l to si bt: 400mm.
Khang cch t tm c l to si bt n h thng phn phi nc th 2: 400mm.
Khang cch t h thng phn phi nc th 2 n lp vt liu m: 400mm.
Chiu cao phn nh thp theo thc nghim: 500 mm.
Chiu cao phn y thp theo thc nghim: 1000 mm.
Chiu cao ca thp hp th: h = 300 + 100 + 400 + 400 + 400 + 400 + 500 + 1000 =
3500 (mm)
ng knh ng dn kh vo thp hp thu: d = 1000mm.
ng knh ng dn kh sch thi ra mi trng: d = 1000mm.
31

Thit b hp th c hiu sut x l l 80%.

Ngoi ra, ta c th trng thm cy xanh xung quanh xng lm vic va to v m
quang va c kh nng gi bi v gim ting n. y ti xin xut nn trng thm cy
hong nam (tn khoa hc l Polyalthia longifolia ) vi c tnh thn ct, l di tn dy

cho tnh nng gi bi v m thanh tt.

Chng V : Bo co, nh gi tnh kh thi ca

h thng.

32

PH LC
Bng 1:Thng s k thut ca xyclon liot

ng knh
ng tr
D[mm]

ng knh
ng vo
d[mm]

Lu lng [m /h]

325

170

1000 - 1500

456

245

2000 - 3000

570

300

3000 - 4500

655

345

4000 - 6000

730

385

5000 - 7500

780

410

5670 - 8500

845

445

6670 - 10.000

940

1035

10

1110

495

8830 - 12.500

545
585

Vn tc vo
v [m/s]
12 18
12 18
12 18
12 18
12 18
12 18
12 18

Tn tht p
lc P
[Kg/m2]
20 - 50
-v-v-v-v-v-v-v-

10000 - 15000

12 18

-v-

12000 - 17500

12 18

-v-

Bng 2: Nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm c s tnh nng ti a cho php trong

kh thi cng nghip
QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT
Nng C (mg/Nm3)
TT

Thng s

Bi tng

400

200

Bi cha silic

50

50

Amoniac v cc hp cht amoni

76

50

Antimon v hp cht, tnh theo Sb

20

10

Asen v cc hp cht, tnh theo As

20

10

Cadmi v hp cht, tnh theo Cd

20

Ch v hp cht, tnh theo Pb

10

Cacbon oxit, CO

1000

1000

Clo

32

10

10

ng v hp cht, tnh theo Cu

20

10

11

Km v hp cht, tnh theo Zn

30

30

12

Axit clohydric, HCl

200

50

33

13

Flo, HF, hoc cc hp cht v c ca Flo, tnh theo HF

50

20

14

Hydro sunphua, H2S

7,5

7,5

15

Lu hunh ioxit, SO2

1500

500

16

Nit oxit, NOx (tnh theo NO2)

1000

850

17

Nit oxit, NOx (c s sn xut ha cht), tnh theo NO2

2000

1000

18

Hi H2SO4 hoc SO3, tnh theo SO3

100

50

19

Hi HNO3 (cc ngun khc), tnh theo NO2

1000

500

PH LC HNH V
Hnh 1 : Chp ht

Hnh 2 : chc 3, 300

34

Hnh 3:Qut ht ly tm

35

Ti liu tham kho

1.Trn Ngc Chn, K thut thng gi, Nh xut bn Xy dng H Ni, 1998.
2.Trn Ngc Chn, nhim khng kh v x l kh thi tp 1-2-3, NXB Khoa hc v K
thut, 2001.
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