Do An Loc Dau - Daihoc.com - VN

n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Lc Ha Du K50
CC D LIU CHO TRC

* Tnh ton thp chng ct kh quyn c cu trc nh sau:
Thp c 48 a
Sn phm nh: Kh + naptha
LGO ly ra a 26
HGO ly ra a 38
Vng stripping y thp c 6 a
p sut ti nh: 1,5 at, tn tht p sut trn tng a l 8 mmHg
Nguyn liu u vo l du th m Bch H,
Qv = 19744 tn/ngy
* Yu cu tnh ton (tnh ton thp chng ct hon chnh)
Tnh nhit , lu lng Q ti cc vng ca thp
-
Gentle
Tnh ton cu trc thp
-1-
Su tm bi: www.daihoc.com.vn
10/11/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
A. TNH NHIT , LU LNG THP

CHNG CT KH QUYN
T d liu v tnh cht du Bch H ta v c cc ng c trng ca du
th:
Bng A.1. c trng du th Bch H
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
ng TBP ca du th
700
600
oC
500
400
t
300
200
100
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
%V
HNH A.1.ng TBP ca du th

c tnh % V-d ca du th
1,0000
0,9000
0,8000
0,7000
d
0,6000
0,5000
d
0,4000
0,3000
0,2000
0,1000
0,0000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
%V
HNH A.2.ng c trng V-d ca du th

Cn c vo ng TBP chia du th thnh 5 phn on sau bng thp chng ct
kh quyn:
- Phn on kh + naphtha 21,95% th tch
- Phn on kerosene
6,58%
- Phn on LGO
15%
- Phn on HGO
10,96%
- Phn on AR
45,51%
Gi s, coi s chung ct l l tng. Khi ng TBP ca nguyn liu xem
nh trng vi ng TBP ca tng phn on. T ta c c trng ca tng phn
on ,nh sau :
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Bng A.2.S liu %V-t-d ca phn on kh + naphtha

%V
16,54
70
0,6440
20,77
80
0,6846
25,56
90
0,6981
31,03
100
0,7057
37,13
110
0,7135
43,96
120
0,7248
51,85
130
0,7297
60,27
140
0,7367
68,47
150
0,743
76,49
160
0,7482
84,37
170
0,7531
92,30
180
0,7583
100,00
190
0,7633
oC
c tnh% V-t ca sp nh
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
%V
HNH A.3.ng cong chng ct phn on kh + naphtha
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
c tnh % V_d ca sp nh
0,7800
0,7600
0,7400
0,7200
0,7000
0,6800
0,6600
0,6400
0,6200
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
%V
HNH A.4 ng c trng V- d phn on kh + naphtha

Bng A.3.S liu %V-t-d ca phn on Kerosen
%V
190
0,7633
24,77
200
0,768
49,09
210
0,7725
73,71
220
0,7767
100,00
230
0,7809
%V
0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t
188,4
196,4
198.0
199,7
201,6
203,6
204,7
206,7
209,1
212,1
216,9
228.0
c tnh %V-t ca Kerosen

250
200
oC
150
t
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
%V
HNH.A.5 ng cong chng ct phn on kerosen

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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
c tnh %V-d ca kerosen

0,782
0,78
0,778
0,776
0,774
0,772
0,77
0,768
0,766
0,764
0,762
0
20
40
60
%V
80
100
120
HNH.A.6 ng c trng V- d phn on kerosen

Bng A.4 S liu %V-t-d phn on LGO
%V
230
0,7809
12,47
240
0,7852
25,93
250
0,7894
40,33
260
0,7934
55,67
270
0,7971
71,27
280
0,8005
86,40
290
0,8038
100,00
300
0,8066
c tnh % V-t ca LGO

350
300
oC
250
200
t
150
100
50
0
-
20,00
40,00
60,00
%V
80,00
100,00
120,00
HNH.A.7.ng cong chng ct phn on LGO

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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
c tnh % V-d ca LGO

0,81
0,805
0,8
d
0,795
0,79
0,785
0,78
-
20,00
40,00
60,00
%V
80,00
100,00 120,00
HNH.A.8 ng c trng V- d phn on LGO

Bng A.5 S liu %V-t-d phn on HGO
%V
300
0.8066
16,33
310
0,809
31,75
320
0,8109
47,99
330
0,8127
65,60
340
0,814
83,58
350
0,8172
100,00
360
0,8273
c tnh % V-t ca HGO

370
360
oC
350
340
t
330
320
310
300
-
20,00
40,00
60,00
%V
80,00
100,00
120,00
HNH.A.9 ng cong chng ct phn on HGO

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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
c tnh % V-d ca HGO

0,83
0,825
0,82
d
0,815
0,81
0,805
-
20,00
40,00
60,00
%V
80,00
100,00
120,00
HNH.A.10 ng c trng V- d phn on HGO

Bng A.6 S liu %V-t-d phn on AR
gentle
%V
360
0.8273
3,49
370
0,8391
6,68
380
0,8487
9,76
390
0,8552
13,18
400
0,8581
17,42
410
0,8598
22,90
420
0,8626
29,11
430
0,8658
35,66
440
0,8674
41,53
450
0,868
46,39
460
0,8685
50,54
470
0,869
53,89
480
0,8713
57,55
490
0,8754
60,58
500
0,8796
63,33
510
0,8836
65,90
520
0,8873
68,18
530
0,8904
69,92
540
0,8928
71,48
550
0,8948
73,21
560
0,8969
75,13
570
0,8994
77,21
580
0,9023
79,04
590
0,9054
80,44
600
0,9081
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
c tnh % V-t ca cn
700
600
oC
500
400
T
300
200
100
0
-
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
%V
HNH.A.11 ng cong chng ct phn on AR
c tnh % V-d ca cn
0,92
0,91
0,9
0,89
0,88
Series1
0,87
0,86
0,85
0,84
0,83
-
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
%V
HNH.A.12 ng c trng V- d phn on AR

i vi thp chng ct ny, chng ta dng hi nc qu nhit 260 oC ,P= 3atm
stripping cn AR, cc phn on sn ly ra t sn ca thp chng ct. Ton b
hi nc dng stripping b ngng t thit b lm lnh dng bay hi ra t nh thp
chng ct v chy ra ngoi t y bnh hi lu. Entanpy ca hi nc cho H3.14
[1], lng hi nc cn dng c tm theo H3.15 [1]. Entanpy ca du xc nh nh
[2].
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Bng A.7 .c trng cc phn on

(coi s o t khi bng s o khi lng ring)
T khi d
Khi
lng
(tn/h)
Phn t
lng M
S
Kmol/h
220,15
0,7175
157,952
118
1338,58
6,58
15
10,96
66
150,45
109,9
0,7728
0,8098
0,8137
51,005
121,837
89,424
171
217
279
298,27
561,46
320,52
54,47
546,5
0,7689
420,218
167
2518,83
AR
45,51
456,5
0,8816
402,449
475
847,24
100
1003
0,8203
822,667
244,4
3366,07
%V
Th tch
(m3/h)
Kh +
naphta
21,95
Kerosen
LGO
HGO
Phn
on
Du th
I. Tnh ton iu kin vng np liu-y thp

I.1 S dng vng np liu-y thp
Theo iu kin tm thy bng A.7 v hnh I.1 ta c h 2 phng trnh sau:
Va + Vo Lo = 54,49
La + Lo Vo = 45,51
Va + La = 100
Lo
Va
Vo
Wo
Du th
Ta
La
Hi nc
Wo
AR= 456,5 m3/h
HNH.I.1: S dng vng np liu-y thp

Trong :
- Va: dng hi bay ln t du th
- La: dng lng chy xung t du th
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
- Vo: dng hi sinh ra nh stripping

- Lo: dng hi lu lng
- Wo: dng hi nc stripping y thp
tm c nhit ti a np liu ta da vo ng bay hi Flash ca du ti
vng . Nhit ti a np liu Ta s l nhit ng vi bay hi Va % trn ng
Flash . Mun th cn bit Va v p sut hi ring phn ca hi du ti a np liu
(bit Va, Vo, Wo, P ti a np liu). Do khng th bit chnh xc Vo, Lo nn bi ton
ch c gii quyt da vo nhng s liu rt ra t kinh nghim.
I.2 Lu lng cc dng
Kinh nghim ch ra rng cn lm bay hi 3 -5 % th tch (so vi du th) bng
cch stripping lng y thp. Theo H3.15 [1] th stripping 3% AR (6,6% du th)
cn dng 1,4 lb hi nc cho 1 gallon AR, tc khong 0.168 kg hi nc cho 1l AR.
Vy lng hi nc cn dng stripping l :
Wo = 0,168. 465,5.10 3 = 76692 (kg/h) = 4260,67 (kmol/h)
Thng thng phi lm bay hi 1 lng du th vt qu tng lng cc phn
on distillat (cc phn on ly ra pha trn a np liu) mt lng 3 5%. Ta
dng Vo = 3%; gi s Lo = 6%. Theo h phng trnh lp ra I.1 ta c:
54,49 = Va + 3 - 6 = Va -3
45,51 = La + 6 -3 = La +3
Va = 57,49%
La = 42,51%
I.3 nng cc dng vng np liu
Theo H3.17 [1], t khi Va l 0,777 ;ca dng La l 0,878
Phn t lng ca phn on t 54,4957,49 % l 322 (theo H3.13 [1])
Do phn t lng trung bnh ca Va l :
M Va
167 54,49 322 3

175
57,49
Khi lng dng Va l: 0,777.57,49% .1003 = 448,018 (tn/h)

Lu lng mol dng Va l: 448.018/175 = 2550,33 (kmol/h)
Theo bi, vng stripping y thp gm 6 a ( a 42-48) nn thc t thp
chng ct hot ng theo kiu gn nh khng c vng chng. Kh nng phn tch
vng ny khng cao, m ch yu ch xy ra s phn tch nhng hp phn nh
nht xt li khi cc dng lng ang chy xung. Trong s 2 dng La v Lo th dng La
cha nhiu cc hp phn nh hn so vi dng Lo. Nguyn nhn l do dng La vn l
pha lng ca dng du th va np vo y thp, n nm cn bng Flash vi dng hi
Va, cn dng Lo l dng hi lu lng c trao i cht kh tt vi dng hi trong
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Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
vng pha trn a np liu. Vy qu trnh stripping xy ra ch yu vi dng La. Bn

cht dng Lo thay i khng nhiu trong vng np liu-y thp.
Nh vy mc d dng La sinh ra ti a np liu cng dng Lo chy t trn
xung qua a np liu nhng dng Lo vn phi nng hn dng La nhng khng th
nng hn AR.
0,878 < dLo < 0,8816
Ta coi t khi dng Lo l 0,881. Nh vy theo H I.1 ta c phng trnh cn bng
khi lng sau:
mAR = mLa + m Lo m Vo
hay: 402,449 = 42,51%.1003.0,878 + 6%.1003.0,881 3%.1003.Vo
Vo = 0,81 (tn/m3)
hay t khi ca dng Vo l 0,81 (= dLGO)
Nh vy phn t lng trung bnh ca dng hi Vo l 217.

Lu lng mol dng Vo l: 3%.1003.0,81/217 = 112,32
I.4 Nhit ti a np liu
p sut ti a np liu Pa:
Pa = 1,5.760 + 42.8 = 1476 mmHg
p sut hi ring phn ca du ti a np liu P a
Pa'
Va Vo
2550,33 112,32
.1476 568mmHg
Va Vo Wo 2550,33 112,32 4260,67
V ng Flash, (coi ng FRL trng ng Flash)

Theo H3.11 [2] ta c:
Vi B = 5,24 (oC/%) th:
A = 3,43 (oC/%)
T50 = T50DRL T50FRL = 22
M T50DRL = 336 oC nn t50FRL = 314 oC
Nh vy ng Flash (ti1atm) c xy dng vi nghing A = 3,43 (oC/%),
t50 =314 oC.
Tnh tin ng Flash (ti 1 atm) xung pha di 14 oC ta s c ng Flash
ti 568 mmHg.
Ly t57,49 trn ng Flash ta c Ta = 340 oC
I.5 Nhit ti y thp chng ct
Nhit y thp chng ct l nhit dng AR.
Phng php tnh T da trn cn bng Entanpy ca vng np liu-y thp. S
liu tnh ton cho bng I.1, Entanpy ca cc dng du ly t biu trang 83 ti liu
[2], entanpy ca hi nc cho H3.14 [1]
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Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Bng I.1 S liu lin quan n vng np liu-y thp

Entanpy
Th tch Khi lng
(m3/h)
(kg/h)
Kcal/kg
Kcal/h
Dng
Nhit
Vo
La (lng)
Lo (lng)
Wo
340
340
220
0,878
0,881
Ra
AR (lng)
Vo(hi)
Wo
T
340
340
0,8816
0,81
426,4
60,2
30,1
374.379
53036
76692
213
212
716
79742727
11243632
54911472
402449
24381
76692
x
251
766
402449.x
6119631
58746072
Ta c cn bng Entanpy:
Ev = Er
145897831 = 64865703+ 402449.x
x = 201
Cn c vo biu trang 83 [2] ta c T = 332 oC
II. Tnh nhit ti a ly HGO

W1
V1
R1
W0
S1
a ly HGO
R1
L1
Thp
strip
ping
W1
Hi nc
HGO
Ta = 340 o C
L1 = 109,9 m3/h
Nguyn liu
Va
Vo
Wo
Lo
HNH II.1.S dng vng HGO

Ta quyt nh stripping 6% so vi HGO ly ra. Theo H3.15 [1] cn dng 0.3
pounds hi nc stripping 1 gallon HGO (tng ng l 35 kg hi nc cho 1 m3
HGO).
Do vy tng lng hi nc cn dng l:
W1 = 35.109,9 = 3846,5 (kg/h)
Hay: 213,7 kmol/h
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Trong s , H II.1 c:
V1 (tng cc phn on hi) = 220,15+66+156,45+109,9
(tng ng 2518,83 kmol.h) = 546,5 (m3/h)
S1 (dng hi b stripping t dng lng L1) :
S1 = L1 L1
C th coi S1 c t khi bng t khi ca phn on pha trn gn phn on
HGO nht (tc l phn on LGO) :
d S1= 0,8098
S1
6.100
3
.109,9 7,015 (m /h) hay 5680,66 (kg/h)
100.94
Cc s liu v dng hi lu R1 ti a ly HGO c xc nh da trn cn bng

khi lng cc dng u vo v ra khi thp stripping :
109,9.0,8137+1,015.0,8098=116,915L1
=> L1 = 0,8135
Khi lng dng L1 l 95110 kg/h
Vy t khi dng R1 l 0,8135.
S dng phng php cn bng Entanpy tnh nhit a ly HGO.
Bng II.1 S liu lin quan n vng ly HGO
(Nhit gi nh T1 = 296)
Dng
Nhit
(oC)
Th tch
T khi
(m3/h)
Khi
lng
(kg/h)
Entanpy
Kcal/kg
Kcal/h
Vo
Va (hi)
340
0,777
576.6
448019
264
117825312
Vo (hi)
R1(lng)
Wo
340
294
340
0,81
0,8135
30,1
24381
R1
76692
251
181
766
6119531
181.R1
58746072
Ra
V1 (hi)
Lo(lng)
R1 (hi)
Wo
296
340
296
296
0,7689
0,881
9,8135
546,5
60,2
420218
53036
R1
76692
236
212
228
737
99171448
11243632
228.R1
56522004
T bng s liu trn, cn bng Entanpy ta c :

R1 = 335190,02 (kg/h)
Lu lng mol dng L1=320,52 (kmol/h)
Lu lng mol dng S1 = 5680,66/217 = 26,18 (kmol/h)
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
phn t lng dng L1

Lu lng mol dng R1
95110
274
320,52 26,18
335190,02
1223,32 (kmol/h)
274
Tng s mol hi qua a ly HGO l:

n=nV1 + n wo+ nR1
= 2518,83 +4260,67 + 1223,32 = 8002,82 (kmol/h)
S mol hi HGO ti a ly HGO l :
n = nR1 + nL = 1223,32 + 320,52 = 1543,84(kmol/h)
p sut ti a ly HGO l:
P1 = 1,5.760 + 38.8 = 1444 (mmHg)
p sut hi ring phn ca hi HGO l :
P1'
n
1543,84
.P1
.1444 279 (mmHg)
n
8002,82
V ng Flash
Theo H3.11 [2], vi B = 0,6 (oC/%) th
A = 0,1 (oC/%)
T50 = T50DRL T50FRL = 0
M T50DRL = 333 oC
Nn T50FRL = 333 oC ToFRL = 328 oC
c ng Flash 279 mmHg ta tnh tin ng Flash 760 mmHg xung
pha di 33 oC (T0 = 295 oC).Vy nhit ti a ly HGO l T1= 296 oC
III. Tnh nhit ti a ly LGO

W2
V2
R2
W0
W1
R2
S2
a ly LGO
Thp
strip
ping
L2
W2
W1
LGO
S1
T1 = 296 oC
V1 R1
R1
Wo
hi nc
L2 = 150,45 m3/h
L1
Hnh III.1.S dng vng LGO

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Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Quyt nh stripping 6% so vi LGO ly ra. Khi tng lng hi nc cn dng l:

W2 = 35.150,45 = 5264,7 (kg/h)
Trong s HIII.1 ta c:
V2 = 220,15 + 66 + 15045 =436,6 (m3/h 0
V2: tng cc phn on hi t a ly LGO tr ln
=2198,31(kmol/h) = 330794 (kg/h)
Nn V2 = 0,7577 (tn/m3)
Hay t khi dng hi V2 l 0,7577
S2 (dng hi stripping t dng lng L2) :
S2 = L2 L2
Ta coi rng: S2 c t khi bng t khi phn on kerosen
d S2 = 0,7728
S2
6.100
3
.150,45 9,6032 (m /h)
94.100
m S2 =7421,4 (kg/h)
Ta c: mL2 = 150,45.0,8098 +0,7728.9,6032 = 160,0532L2
L2 = 0,8076 (tn/m 3)
ML2 = 129259 (kg/h)
S dng phng php cn bng Entanpy tnh nhit ti a ly LGO
Bng III.1: S liu lin quan ti vng ly LGO
(Nhit gi nh T2 = 241 oC)
Nhit
(oC)
T khi
Vo
V1(hi)
R1 (hi)
S1(hi)
296
296
296
0,7689
0,8135
0,8088
R2 (lng)
Wo + W1
241
296
0,8076
Ra
V2 (hi)
R1 + L1(lng)
R2 (hi)
Wo + W1
241
296
241
241
0,7577
0,8135
0,8076
Dng
Th tch Khi lng

(m3/h)
(kg/h)
546,5
7,015
436,6
Entanpy
Kcal/kg
Kcal/h
420218
335190
5680,66
236
228
229
99171448
76423320
1300871,14
R2
80538,5
139
737
139R2
59356874,5
330794
430300
R2
80538,5
199
181
195
706
65928006
77884300
195.R2
58860181
Cn bng Entanpy cho bng s liu trn, ta thu c:

R2 = 599643,333 (kg/h)
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Lu lng mol dng L2 = 561,46 (kmol/h)

Lu lng mol dng S 2
7421,4
43,4 (kmol/h)
171
phn t lng dng L2
129259
214
561,46 43,4
Lu lng mol dng R2 = 2802,072 (kmol/h)

Tng s mol hi qua a ly LGO :
n = nV2 + nR2 + n Wo + W1 = 2198,31 + 2802,072 + 4474,36 = 9474,742
S mol hi LGO ti y l :
n = nR2 + nL2 = 2802,072 +561.46 = 3363.532 (mmHg)
p sut ti a ly LGO l :
P2 = 1,5 .760 + 26.8 = 1348 (mmHg)
p sut hi ring phn ca hi LGO l:
P2'
n
3363,532
.P2
.1348 479 (mmHg)
n
9474,742
V ng Flash
Theo H3.11 [2] vi B = 0,67 (oC/%) th :
A = 0,12 (oC/%) ; T50 = 0
Mt khc T50DRL = 263 oC
Nn T50FRL = 263 oC ToFRL = 257 oC
ng Flash ca LGO ti 479 mmHg c xc nh bng cch tnh tin ng
FRL 1 atm xung pha di 16 oC. Khi ToFRL = 241 oC.
Vy nhit ti a ly LGO l T2 = 241 oC.
IV. Tnh nhit ti a ly Kerosen.

W3
V3
R3
W0 W1
R3
a ly
Kerosen
S3
Thp
strip
ping
L3
W2
W3
hi nc
W2
S2
T2 = 241 oC
V2
L3 = 66 m3/h
Kerosen
L2
R2
Wo
W1
R2
HNH IV.1: S dng vng Kerosen

gentle
- 17 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Ta stripping 5% so vi lng Kerosen ly ra, Theo H3.15 [1] cn 38 kg hi

nc stripping 1m3 Kerosen. Vy lng hi nc cn dng sripping l:
W3 = 38.66 = 2508 (kg/h) = 139,3 (kmol/h)
Trong s HIV.1:
V3 (tng lng hi nc cc phn on t Kerosen tr ln) :
V3 = 220,15+66=286,15 (m3/h)
nV3 = 1338,58 + 289,27= 1536,85 (kmol/h)
mV3 = 157952 + 51005 = 208957 (kg/h)
Nn V3 =730,2 (kg/m3)
Vy : t khi dng hi V3 l 0,7302
S3 (dng hi stripping t dng lng L3) :
S3 = L3 L3
Ta coi rng: S3 c t khi bng t khi phn on nh :
d S3 = 0,7175
VS 3
5.100
.66 3,4737 (m 3/h)
95.100
mS3 = 3,4737.0,7175= 2492,4 (kg/h)

Ta c: m L3 = 66.0,7728 + 0,7175.3,4737 = 69,4737L3
L3 = 0,77 (tn/m3) mL3 = 53485 (kg/h)
S dng phng php cn bng Entanpy tnh nhit ti a ly Kerosen.
Bng III.1: S liu lin quan ti vng ly Kerosen
Dng
Nhit
(oC)
T khi
Entanpy
Th tch
(m3/h)
Khi lng
(kg/h)
Kcal/kg
Kcal/h
Vo
V2(hi)
R2 (hi)
241
241
0,7577
0,8076
436,6
330794
599643,333
199
195
65928006
116930450
S2(hi)
R3 (lng)
Wo+W1+ W2
241
191
241
0,7728
0,77
9,6032
7421,4
R3
85803,2
196
109
706
1454594,4
109R3
60577059,2
Ra
V3 (hi)
R2+ L2(lng)
R3 (hi)
Wo+W1+W2
191
241
191
0,7302
0,8076
0,77
286,15
208957
728902,333
R3
173
139
168
36149561
101317424,3
168.R3
85803,2
677
58088766,4
gentle
191
- 18 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Cn bng Entanpy cho bng s liu trn, ta thu c:

R3 = 836176 (kg/h)
Lu lng mol dng L3 = 298,27 (kmol/h)
Lu lng mol dng S 3
2492,4
21,122 (kmol/h)
118
phn t lng dng L3
53495
167
298,27 21,122
Lu lng mol dng R3 = 836176/167 = 5007 (kmol/h)

p sut hi ring phn ca hi Kerosen l :
P3'
n R 3 n L 3'
5007 298,27
.P3
.(1,5.760 15.8) 591 (mmHg)
n R 3 nV 3 nW 02
5007 1536,85 85803,2 / 18
V ng Flash
Theo H3.11 [2] vi B = 0,185 (oC/%) th : A = 0,05 (oC/%)
T50 = 0
o
Mt khc T50DRL = 204,7 C
Nn T50FRL = 204,7 oC ToFRL = 202,2 oC
ng Flash ca Kerosen ti 591 mmHg c xc nh bng cch tnh tin
ng FRL 1 atm xung pha di 13,5 oC. Khi : ToFRL = 202,2-13,5 = 188,7 oC.
Vy nhit ti a ly LGO l T3 = 191 oC.
V. Tnh nhit ti nh thp chng ct

V4+L+W
Kh = 10,03 m3/h
Bnh
hi
lu
R4
T4
R4
0,1,2,3
Nc lng
Naphtha = 210,12 m3/h
W3
S3
T3 = 191oC
L3
V3
R3
Wo
W1
W2
R3
HNH V.1.S dng vng nh thp

gentle
- 19 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Trong s Hnh V.1:

V4: phn on bay hi ln nh thp
L :dng hi lu lnh nh thp.Dng L tip xc vi dng hi ang bay ln lm
ngng t mt lng lng R4.Gi s chng ta lm vic vi dng L c nhit l 30oC.
R4 ng vai tr l dng hi lu nng nh thp.
Ti nh thp chng ct, dng hi V4 qua thit b lm lnh E v bnh ngng t
th c chia lm 2 dng l dng kh nh bay ln nh thp v dng lng chy ra
y thp cha naphtha (c trng cho bng V.1).
Bng V.1: c trng dng hi phn on nh
Phn
on
%V
Th tch
(m3/h)
T khi
Khi lng
(kg/h)
Phn t
lng
S
kmol/h
Kh
LN
HN
1
4,61
16,34
10,03
46,23
163,89
0,5741
0,678
0,7374
5758
31344
120850
71
100
128
81
313,44
944,14
V4
21,95
220,15
0,7175
157952
118
1338,58
Dng hi lu lnh L coi l c tnh cht nh HN :

dL = 0,7374 ; ML = 128
Bng V.2: S liu lin quan ti phn on nh
Dng
Vo
V3(hi)
R3 (hi)
S3(hi)
L (lng)
Wo+W1+W2+W3
Nhit
Entanpy
Th tch Khi lng
(m 3/h)
(kg/h)
Kcal/h
Kcal/g
(oC)
T khi
191
191
191
30
191
0,7203
0,77
0,7175
0,7374
286,15
128
191
128
128
0,7175
0,77
0,7374
220,15
3,4737
208957
836176
2492,4
L
88311,2
173
168
174
16
677
36149561
140477568
433677,6
16.L
59786682,4
157952
889671
L
88311,2
144
109
142
654
22745088
96974139
142.L
57755524,8
Ra
V4 (hi)
R3 + L3 (lng)
L (hi)
Wo+W1+W2+W3
Cn bng Entanpy phn on nh theo bng s liu trn, ta thu c :

L = 471212,2 (kg/h) hay 3681,345 (kmol/h)
p sut hi ring phn ca hydrocarbon ti nh thp l :
gentle
- 20 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
P4'
nV 4 nL
1338,58 3681,345
.P4
.1,5.760 597 (mmHg)
nV 4 n L nW 03
1338,58 3681,345 4906,18
V ng Flash
Theo H3.11 [2] vi B = 1,4 (oC/%) th:
A = 0,45 (oC/%)
T50 = 7 oC
Mt khc T50DRL = 127 oC
Nn T50FRL = 120 oC
ToFRL = 142,5 oC
ng Flash ca Kerosen ti 591 mmHg c xc nh bng cch tnh tin
ng FRL 1 atm xung pha di 14 oC. Khi T100 FRL = 128 oC.
Vy nhit ly ti phn on nh l T4 = 128 oC.
Tnh dng hi lu nng R4 :
R4(142-70) = L(142-16) = 471212,2.126
R4 = 824621,35 (kg/h)
VI. Xc nh phn tch ca php chng ct du th

Chng ta s nh gi phn tch nh biu Packie H3.3 [1] vi trng
hp dng hi nc:
i lng
S a Ni
Dng hi lu ni
Ri (m3/h)
Dng hi ly ra
Vi (m 3/h)
hi lu hi=Ri/Vi
F=Ni.hi
T50,TBPp nng (oC)
T50,TBPcc p nh (oC)
T50,TBP(oC)
phn tch
LGO-HGO
Kerosen-LGO
HN-Kerosen
12
11
15
R2 = 742,5
1085,9
118,3
V2 = 436,6
V3 = 286,15
V4 = 220,15
1,7
3,8
5,1
20,4
333
189
144
+23
Gap
263
263
146
117
+18
Gap
204,7
204,7
127
77,7
+21
Gap
Kt qu v phn tch cho thy php chng ct rt tt, cc phn on rt t ln

vo nhau.Cht lng sn phm tt.
VII. Tnh cn bng nhit cho ton thp

Vi s chnh lch khng ln, ta coi nhit ly cc sn phm cc phn on
sn chnh bng nhit ti a ly phn on
gentle
- 21 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Da vo cc s liu cho ta lp c bng cn bng nhit sau :

Nhit
Dng
( oC)
T khi
Entanpy
Th tch Khi lng
(m3/h)
(kg/h)
Kcal/kg
Kcal/h
Vo
La (lng)
V4 (hi)
L (lng)
W (hi)
340
340
30
220
0,678
0,777
0,7374
426,4
576,6
374379
448018
471212,2
88311,2
213
264
16
716
79742727
117825312
7539395,2
63230819,2
Ra
AR (lng)
L (hi)
332
128
0,8816
0,7374
456,5
402449
471212,2
201
142
80892249
66912132,4
296
241
191
30
30
30
0,8137
0,8098
0,7728
0,5741
0,7243
109,9
150,45
66
10,03
210,12
89424
121837
51005
5758
152194
88311,2
181
139
109
114
18
654
16185744
16935343
5559545
656412
2739492
54475116,96
X
L1 (lng)
L2 (lng)
L3 (lng)
Kh (hi)
Naphtha(lng)
W (lng)
PA
Lu :ti nh thp chng ct, dng hi nc i ra khi nh thp 128 oC qua

thit b lm lnh ngng t thu dng nc ngng 30 oC.
Do hi nc c ngng t l hi nc qu nhit (128 oC; 1,5 at) v qu trnh
ny ngng t nc xung di nhit bo ha (30 oC) Bi vy ,qu trnh phi xy ra
theo 3 giai on sau:
- Giai on 1: Lm ngui hi nc qu nhit ti nhit bo ha
- Giai on 2: ngng t hi nc bo ha nhit khng i
- Giai on 3: lm ngui cht lng ngng t n nhit cn thit
Qu trnh lm lnh ngng t hi nc c th c m t theo s sau:
W (hi)
1,5atm
128 oC
Q1
W (hi)
1,5atm
112 oC
gentle
W (lng)
1,5atm
30 oC
Q3
Q2
- 22 -
W (lng)
1,5atm
112 oC
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
Q1 = mCp(128 - 112) = mCp.6
Q2 = m .rngngt
Q3 = mCn(112 - 30) = m.Cn.82
Trong :
-m: khi lng ca nc ngng t
-Cp: nhit dung ring trung bnh ca hi nc qu nhit ,Cp=0,503(kcal/kg.)[3]
-Cn: nhit dung ring ca nc ngng ,Cn = 0,998 (kcal/kg.) [3]
- rngngt :n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ha
rngngt = 532 kcal/kg [3]
Vy:
Q = 88311,2(6.0,503 + 532 + 82.0,998) = 54465116,96 (kcal/h)
Cn bng nhit cho bng s liu VII.1 ,ta thy tng lng nhit dng cho hi lu
vng l:
X = 23982219,04 (kcal/h)
VIII. Tnh ton hi lu vng cho thp chng ct

tng phn tch cho qu trnh chng ct du th ngi ta thng sdng
phng php hi lu vng. Theo phng php ny, ngi ta trch mt dng lng ti
mt a no , a ra ngoi lm lnh ri hi lu n tr li thp v tr cao hn 3 a
so vi v tr ly n ra.
Kh quay li thp chng ct, dng hi lu vng c nhit thp hn nhiu so
vi nhit ti a m n a vo (do trao i nhit vi dng du th) lm ngng t
mt lng hi ng k. Kt qu l lu lng hi bay ln t a gim i nn ng
thi lu lng lng chy xung a cng nh bt. Kt qu l lu lng lng v hi
ti cc a pha trn u gim xung.
VIII.1 Trc khi hi lu.
Lu lng hi ti a ly phn on sn l: Ri + Vi
Lu lng lng ti i ly phn on sn l: Ri + Li
1.1 Ti a ly HGO
R1 + L1 = 335190,02 + 95110 = 430300,02 (kg/h)
R1 + V1 = 335190,02 + 420218 = 755408 (kg/h)
1.2 Ti a ly LGO
R2 + L2 = 599643,333 + 129259 = 728902,333 (kg/h)
R2 + V2 = 599643,333 + 330794 = 930437,333 (kg/h)
gentle
- 23 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
1.3 Ti a ly Kerosen
R3 + L3 = 836174 + 53495 = 889669 (kg/h)
R3 + V3 = 836174 + 208957 = 1045131 (kg/h)
1.4 Ti nh thp
R4 = 824621,35 (kg/h)
R4 + V4 = 824621,35 + 157952 = 982573,35 (kg/h)
L + V4 = 471212,2 + 157952 = 629164 (kg/h)
1.5 Ti a np liu
Lo + La = 53036 + 374379 = 427415 (kg/h)
Vo + Va = 24381 + 448018 = 472399 (kg/h)
1.6 Ti y thp
AR = 402449 (kg/h)
VIII.2 nh lng hi lu vng
Quyt nh hi lu vng ti 3 v tr trn sn thp chng ct.
2.1.ti a ly HGO
Trch ra 220 tn/h du th thc hin hi lu vng, dng hi lu khi quay
li thp a th 35 ch cn 200 oC sau khi trao i nhit vi dng du th.
Nh vy lng nhit hi lu vng trao i vi dng du th l :
Q1 = 220000(181 - 113) = 14960000 (kcal/h)
y 113 kcal/kg l entanpy ca HGO ti 200 oC
Lu lng cc dng trong thp chng ct s thay i nh sau :
- Dng hi lu lnh L
L = L 14960000/(142 - 16) = 471212,2 118730,16 = 352482,04 (kg/h)
- Dng hi ra khi thp chng ct
L + V4 = 352482,04 + 157952 = 510434,04 (kg/h)
- Dng hi lu nng R4
R4 = R414960000/(142 - 70) = 824621,35 207777,78 = 616843,57 (kg/h)
- Dng hi bay ln vo a trn cng
R4 + V4 = 616843,57 + 157952 = 774795,57 (kg/h)
- Dng hi lu nng R3
R3 = R3 14960000(168 - 109) = 836174 253559 = 582615 (kg/h)
- Dng hi lu nng chy vo a ly phn on kerosen
R3 + L3= 582615 + 53495 = 636110 (kg/h)
- Dng hi bay ln t a ly Kerosen
R3 + V3= 582615 + 208957 = 791572 (kg/h)
gentle
- 24 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
- Dng hi lu nng R2
R2 = R2 14960000(195 - 139) = 59964,333 267142,857 = 332500,476 (kg/h)
- Dng hi lu nng chy vo a ly LGO
R2 + L2= 332500,476 + 129259 = 461579,476 (kg/h)
- Dng hi bay ln t a ly Kerosen
R2 + V2= 332500,476 + 330794 = 663294,276 (kg/h)
- Dng hi lu nng chy vo a ly HGO
(R1 + L1) + 220000 = 430300,02 + 220000 = 650300,02(kg/h)
2.2 Ti a ly LGO
Tin hnh ly ra 140 tn LGO trong 1h, hi lu vng trao i nhit vi dng du
th v quay tr li thp a s 23.Khi dng PA c nhit l 150oC.
Vy lng nhit PA chuyn cho du th:
Q2 = 140000(139 - 82) = 7980000 (kcal/h)
Lu lng cc dng trong thp s thay i nh sau:
- L = L 7980000/(142 - 16) = 352482,04 63333,33 = 289148,71 (kg/h)
L + V4 = 289148,71 + 157952 = 447100,71 (kg/h)
- R4 = R4 7980000/(142 - 70) = 616843,57 110833,33 = 506010,24 (kg/h)
R4 + V4 = 506010,24 + 157952 = 663962,42 (kg/h)
- R3 = R3 7980000/(168 - 109) = 582615 135254 = 447361 (kg/h)
R3 + L3 = 447361 + 53495 = 500856 (kg/h)
- R3 + V3 = 447361 + 208957 = 656318 (kg/h)
(R2 + L2) + 140000 = 461579,476 + 140000 = 601579,476 (kg/h)
2.3 Ti a ly Kerosen
Trch ra 18,5 tn/h LGO, hi lu vng trao i nhit vi dng du th v quay
tr li thp a s 12. Khi nhit dng h xung cn 100 oC.
Vy lng nhit trao i vi dng du th:
Q3 = 18500(109 - 53) = 1036000 (kcal/h)
Lu lng cc dng trong thp s thay i nh sau:
- L = L 1036000/(142 - 16) = 289148,71 8222,22 = 280926,49 (kg/h)
L + V4 = 280926,49 + 157952 = 438876,49 (kg/h)
- R4 = R4 1036000/(142 - 70) = 506010,24 14388,89 = 491621,35 (kg/h)
R4 + V4 = 491621,35 + 157952 = 649573,35 (kg/h)
(R3 + L3) + 18500 = 500856 + 18500 = 519356 (kg/h)
gentle
- 25 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Cc kt qu thu c c th hin qua s dng di y :
983
HNH.VIII.2.3.1.S phn b cc dng ti cc a

Nh vy ,sau hi lu vng ,lu lng hi trong thp tng i n nh.iu ny
to iu kin thit k thp c ng knh ng u trong ton thp .
phn B ta s i tnh ng knh thp theo nhng s liu hi lu ny.
gentle
- 26 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
B . TNH TON CC THNG S CNG NGH CA

THP CHNG CT KH QUYN
Kt qu tnh ton phn A cho thy lu lng cc dng pha vng HGO l
ln nht. Ta s dng cc s liu v cc dng pha a ly phn on HGO tnh cc
thng s a ca thp chng ct.
Theo kt qu tnh ton c t phn A, ta c d liu nh sau:
- Khi lng dng lng: 650300,02 kg/h
- Khi lng ring dng lng: 813,5 kg/m3 20 oC
650300,02.106
222051,5 (cm3/s)
813,5.3600
Lu lng th tch dng lng:
Khi lng dng hi: R1 + V1 + Wo = 668000 + 76692 = 744692 (kg/h)
Phn t lng trung bnh hi l:

MV
744692
97
247782 / 274 2518,83 4260.67
Khi lng ring dng hi 296 oC; 1444 mmHg

V P. M RT
Trong :
: khi lng ring dng hi, kg/m3
P: p sut tng, atm
M: phn t lng dng hi
R: hng s kh l tng (l.atm/mol.oK)
T: nhit (oK)
Vy: V
1444.97
3
3,95 (kg/m )
760.0.082(296 273)
- Lu lng th tch dng hi: QV
744692
188530 (m 3/h) = 52369339 (cm3/s)
3,95
- Khi lng ring dng lng 296 oC c tnh theo cng thc(4-1)trang 107 [1].
L = o a(t-20)
Trong :
o: khi lng ring dng lng 20 oC (kg/m 3)
t: nhit , oC
a: h s ph thuc o. Theo bng 4/5 [1] a = 0,76
L = 813,5 0,76(296 - 20) = 603,74 kg/m3
gentle
- 27 -
11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
- Lu lng th tch dng lng 296 oC

QL
m 650300,02
1077,12
L
603,74
(m3/h) = 299200 (cm3/s)
I. Tnh ng knh a
Do lu lng hi l ln nn a chc chn phi to, bi vy ta chn loi chp ln
Chn loi chp dng trong thp l chp s 6 ( theo bng 4/2 [1] )
Theo cng thc (4-6) [1] ,lu lng hi cc i qua 1 chp l :
qv max
30,12 L
v
1/ 2
a a2 3 / 2
A a2
1 0,4 1
H
H a1 a 2
a2
Trong :
A: tng din tch cc khe trn 1 chp, A = 93,61 (cm3)
H: chiu cao khe chp, H = 3,81 (cm)
L, V: khi lng ring dngv kh, kg/m 3
a1, a2: chiu rng y khe, nh khe chp
a1 = 0,84cm, a2 = 0,42cm
1/ 2
q v max
603,74 3,95
30,12
3,95
93,61
0,42
0,84 0,42
1 0,4
3,813 / 2
3,81 0,42 0,84
0
,
42
=31648,1(cm3/s)
Nu chn m khe chp h3/H = 0,9 th theo cng thc (4-7) [1], lu lng hi
qua 1 chp l :
3/ 2
a 0,4a1 a 2 h3 / H h3
qv 2
.q v max
a 2 0,4a1 a 2 h
0,42 0,4(0,84 0,42).0,9
.0,9 3 / 2.31648,1 26250 (Cm3/s )

0,42 0,4(0,84 0,42)
S chp trn 1 a:
Qv 52369339
1995 (chp )
qv
26250
Tng tit din tt c cc khe chp: 93,61.1995 = 186752 (cm2).

Vi s lng chp rt ln nh trn th a t nht cng phi l loi 2 dng. Khi
, dng chy ca pha lng 2 a lin tip s khng ging nhau (do khc nhau bi
di b chn ng chy chuyn). iu ny dn ti s khc bit v din tch vng m
gia 2 a .V th m bo l trnh dng lng vng m lun ln, ta cn tng
vng ln so vi a 1 dng. Ni cch khc, t l din tch vng cha chp s b
i.iu ny c nh hng c v vn cng ngh cng nh vn kinh t ;v vy cn
c tnh ton k lng .
gentle
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Ta chn phn trm cc vng theo din tch a nh sau :

- Vng cha cc chp
70%
- Vng kt ni
4%
- Vng m
10%
- Vng ng chy chuyn 16%
Chn l/d = 0,37 hay l = 0,37.15,48 = 5,73 (cm )
Theo bng 4/3 [1] th =0,24.
Nh vy din tch vng cha cc chp l :
186752/0,24 = 778133 (cm 2)
Din tch a :
A = 778133/0,7 = 1111619 (cm2)
Nn ng knh a l :1191 (cm)
Ch : ng knh a cn c th xc inh qua cng thc (4-9) [1] nh sau :
D
4 mv
K v v L V
(m)
Trong :
mv: lu lng khi lng dng hi trong thp chng ct (kg/h)
: phn din tch khng b chim bi ng chy chuyn
Kv: h s ph thuc khong cch gia cc a v sc cng b mt
Vi khong cch gia cc a l 60cm, sc cng b mt 20 dyn/cm th theo biu
H 4.17 [1] , Kv =196
D
4.744692
10,88 (m)
0,84 .196 3,95603,74 3,95
II. Sp xp mt a
II.1 Chn la cu trc ng chy chuyn.
phn trc ta chn loi chp s 6 cho thp. Khi chiu cao lp lng
trn a phi vo khong > 10 cm (ln hn chiu cao chp l 9,52 cm).Nu dng a 1
dng vi tit din ng chy chuyn bng 8% din tch a th di b chn L ca ng
chy chuyn l 68% D hay 809 cm).
T s
QL 299200
370
L
809
= l/d =0,37
Theo biu H 4.19[1] th gradien mt lng i ng vi1dy chp khong10 mm.
Khi l/d = 0,37 th s chp ti a trn 1 dy l :
D
1190
56 (chp)
1,37 d 1,37.15,48
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
S dy chp ti thiu l: 1995/56 = 36 (dy)

Vy gradien mt lng:
= 36.i = 360 mm >> 25mm
(25mm l gradien mt lng ti a cho php).
Nh vy kt qu tnh s b cng cho thy t nht cng phi dng a 2 dng.
II.2 B tr chp
Trn mt a, cc chp c sp xp theo
quy lut tam gic u nh hnh bn.
Phn trc ta chn a c 16 % din tch
l ng chy chuyn. Trong ng chy chuyn
gia chim 8%; 2 ng chy chuyn 2 bn mi ng
4%.
Theo biu H 4.30 [1] th chiu di b chn ng chy
chuyn bn l : 52% D hay 619cm . ng chy chuyn gia
chim 8% din tch a hay 88929,52 cm . Do b rng
ng chy chuyn gia l khong 75cm.
HNH B.II.2.1.B tr mt a
Nhn t trn xung
mi bc c 998 chp c xp thnh 22 hay 23 dy khi dng chy t 2 bn
vo gia. Cn khi dng chy t gia ra 2 bn th s dy c th nhiu hn, l trnh
dng lng qua vng m s ln hn.
dy trung bnh h ca lp lng trn a ch c th nh gi 1 cch gn ng :
h h5 h6
h5: chnh gia mt cht lng trn b chn ng chy chuyn vi mt

b chn
Theo cng thc (4-15) [1]:
Q
h5 0,15. L
L
2/3
(cm)
.Fo
H s Fo c tra theo biu H 4.23 [1].

Vi
QL 299200 / 2
0,0157
L2,5
619 2,5
L/D = 0,52
Th Fo = 1,023
299200
2.619
Nn: h5 0,15.
2/3
.1,023 5,95
(cm)
Ly h1 = 2,5 cm, theo bng 4/2 [1] th vi chp s 6, chiu cao ng hi :

h 6 = 8,25 (cm )
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Mt cch gn ng ta ly i = 1,8 (cm)

Khi h 5,95 8,25 1,8 16 (cm)
Vi h 16 cm, QL/L = 242 cm, h1 = 2,5cm, = 0,37 th i = 4,1 mm
S b ta tnh c gradien mt lng ng vi 1 bc a l :
= 4,1.22 = 90,2 mm >> 25 mm
Nh vy a 2 dng 1 bc cng khng th p ng c yu cu k thut ca thp.
Ta quyt nh s dng a 4 dng 1 bc.
Hnh B.II.2.2.Hng dng lng trn a

i vi a 4 dng 1 bc, lp lng trn mt a c chia lm 4 vng 1-2, 2-3,
3-4, 4-5. Mi vng c 9 hay 10 dy. Do 2 a lin tip c s ng chy chuyn l khc
nhau nn gradien mt lng cc vng cng khc nhau.
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Ta c quy tc sau:
1-2 = 4-5, 2-3 = 3-4
Q2 = Q3 = Q4 = 2Q1 = 2Q5
S2 = S3 = S4 = 2S1 = 2S5
Theo hnh 4.30 [1] th:
S1 = 2% A nn L1/d = 0,42 L1 = L5 = 500 (cm)
S2 = 4% A nn L2/d = 0,52 L2 = L4 = 619 (cm)
S3 = 4% A = 44464,76 (cm2 )
Do b rng ng chy chuyn gia khong 37 (cm).
III. Gradien mt lng

III.1 Gradien mt lng xung quanh a.
Tra biu H 4.23 [1] vi :
L1/D = 0,42
QL 299200 / 4
0,0134
L22,5
500 2,5
th Fo = 1,031.
Q
h5 0,15. L
L1
2/3
299200
.Fo 0,15.
4.500
2/3
.1,031 4,36 (cm)
Ly h1 = 2,5 cm th h6 = 8,25 cm
Gi s = 2,39 cm
Khi h h5 h6 4,36 8,25 2,39 16 (cm)
Theo biu H 4.19 [1] th i = 2,6 (mm)
C U o V
52369339
3,95.10 3 3,525
1111619.0,84
Theo H 4.20 [1] th h s hiu chnh do nh hng ca dng hi l 0,97

1-2 = 4-5 = 0,97.2,6.9 = 22,7 (mm).
III.2 Gradien mt lng gia a
Theo biu H 4.23 [1] th F = 1,016
Khi
QL
299200 / 4
0,0078
2,5
L2
619 2,5
L2/D = 0,52
Q
h5 0,15. L
L2
2/3
299200
.Fo 0,15.
4.619
2/3
.1,016 3,46 (cm)
Ly h 1 = 2,5 cm th h6 = 8,25 cm
Ly gradien mt lng = 3,21 cm
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Khi h h5 h6 3,46 8,25 3,21 15 (cm)

Theo biu H 4.19 [1] th i = 2,7 (mm)
Theo H 4.20 [1] ,h s hiu chnh do tc ng ca hi vi:
U o V 3,525 ;
QL 299200
121
L2
4.619
h s hiu chnh l 0,96.

Vy Gradien mt lng trong vng l :
2-3 = 3-4 = 0,96.2,7.9 = 23,33 (mm)
IV. p sut a.
H thng ng hi chp cng nh s tn ti ca lp lng trn mt a to ra 1
tr lc i vi dng hi i qua a .Do p sut pha trn a phi b hn p sut
pha di a, ngha l mi a gy ra 1 gim p sut. Ta gi ngn gn l p sut
a.
p sut a b gy ra bi lp cht lng trn a, bi gim p khi dng hi i
qua h thng ng hi-chp v bi sc cng b mt. Trong nhiu trng hp c th b
qua gim p gy bi sc cng b mt.
gim p gy bi s chui lun ca dng hi qua h thng ng hi-chp ho c
th tnh theo cng thc (4-11) [1]
V
ho k o
L V
QV
.
Ao
H s ko c gi tr ph thuc t s tit din hnh vnh khn so vi ng hi.

Theo bng 4/2 [1]:
Tit din hnh vnh khn =90,30 (cm2 )
Tit din ng hi = 76,00 (cm2 )
tit din vnh khn/tit din ng hi = 90,30/76,00 = 1,19
Theo H 4.22 [1] th ko = 0,00145
2
3,95
52369339
Vy ho 0,00145
.
1,14 (cm)
603,74 3,95 76.1995
Theo cng thc (4-13) [1] th gim p hl gy ra bi lp lng hot ng trn

a phi bng chiu cao lp lng t mt lp lng n v tr thp nht khe chp m
dng hi chui qua :
hl = h3 + h4 + h5 + /2 = 0,9H + (h6 h1 h2 H) + h5 + /2
= 0,9.3,81 + (8.25 - 2,5 - 0,65 - 3,81) +4,36 + 2,27/2 = 10,214 (cm)
Vy theo (4-14) [1] :
h = ho + hl = 1,14 + 10,214 = 11354 (cm)
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
V. Thi gian lu ca cht lng trong ng chy chuyn

V.1 ng chy chuyn trung tm(3)
Theo H 4.5 v cng thc (4-16) [1] th chiu cao ca lp cht lng trong ng
chy chuyn l:
h c = (h6 + h5 + ) + h + hk
hk l gim p gy ra bi s chy ca cht lng t chn ng chy chuyn qua
khe ng chy chuyn trn qua mt a.
C th tnh hk theo cng thc (4-16a) [1] :
Q
hk 1,65.10 . L
Ah
Ak l tit din khe ng chy chuyn , Ak = L.h k

Khe ng chy chuyn phi nh sao cho mp di ca tm chn phi ngp
trong lp lng trn mt a1khong su ngn khng cho dng hi t a di
chui qua ng chy chuyn ln a trn. ng thi khe ng chy chuyn phi ln
tc chy ca dng lng trong ng chy chuyn ra a di l va phi ,trnh gy
hin tng dn .ngp lt .
Nh vy cao khe phi nh hn mc cht lng trn a:
hk' h h5 h6 15 16 cm
Ly hk = 10 cm
Ak = L.hk = 1190.10 = 11900 (cm 2 )
2
299200
hk 1,65.10 .
0,65 (cm )
4.11900
2
hc = 15 + 11,354 + 0,65 = 27,004 (cm)

Thi gian lu ca cht lng trong ng chy chuyn trung tm l :
t
A .0,04.hc 1111619.0,04.27,004
16
QL
299200 / 4
(s)
Tc chy xung ca cht lng trong ng chy chuyn l :

27,004/16 = 1,69 (cm/s)
V.2 Hai ng chy chuyn quanh trc (2 v 4)
Tng t nh trn ta cng tnh c cc gi tr:
Ak = L.hk = 619.10 = 6190 (cm 2 )
2
299200
hk 1,65.10 2.
2,41 (cm )
4.6190
hc = 15 +11,354 + 2,41 = 28,764 (cm)
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11/10/2010
Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
A .0,04.hc 1111619.0,04.28,764
17,1 (s)
QL
299200 / 4
Tc chy xung ca cht lng trong ng chy chuyn l:

28,764/17,1 = 1,68 (cm/s).
V.3.Hai ng chy chuyn ngoi cng (1 v 5):
Ak = L.hk = 500.10 = 5000 (cm 2 )
2
299200
hk 1,65.10 .
0,92 (cm)
8.5000
2
h c = 16 +11,354 + 0,92 = 28,274 (cm)

t
A .0,02.hc 1111619.0,02.28,274
16,8 1 (s)
QL
299200 / 8
Tc chy xung ca cht lng trong ng chy chuyn l:

28,274/16,81 = 1,682 (cm/s).
Nh vy trong cc ng chy chuyn, thi gian lu ca cht lng l khng qu
b (> 5s), trnh xy ra hin tng cc bng hi khng kp thot ht ra khi khi lng
bay ln a trn, gy hin tng bng kh nh hng n hiu sut tch v cu trc
a, thp.
VI. Hin tng ngp lt

Hin tng ngp lt (flooding) l hin tng trn ngp cht lng trong ton b
khng gian gia cc a. Khi b ngp lt, thp chng ct b tc dn ti ngng hot ng
v cht lng khng chy kp, hi khng bay ln c. Ngoi ra ,n cn c th gy n
thp chng ct do s tng p sut qu mc (dn , tch t qu nhiu pha hi).
Hin tng ngp lt xy ra do cht lng trong ng chy chuyn khng chy kp
hoc do cht lng trn mt a b li cun qu d di di tc ng ca dng hi bay
ln vi tc qu ln. Ni chung l s phn b khng hp l vng cha chp v
vng ng chy chuyn.
Do tc hi ca hin tng ngp,lt chng ta phi xem xt, nh gi kh nng
khng b ngpngp lt. Ta c th nh gi kh nng theo cng thc (4-19) [1] :
2
S S
f 1l 2l
1,2 S1 1,8 S 2
Trong :
S1l: din tch l thuyt ca vng cha cc chp
S1: din tch thc ca vng cha cc chp
S2l: din tch ca vng ng chy chuyn
S2: din tch thc ca vng cha ng chy chuyn
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Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
f: i lng nh gi kh nng khng b ngp lt

yu cu f < 1,2
Theo cng thc (4-20) [1] :
S1l
QV
K1
L V / V
(m2)
Chn khong cch gia cc a l T =60 (cm)

Theo biu H.4.24 [1] th K1 =230
Do :
S1l
188530
220 603,74 3,95 / 3,95
69,54353 (m )
Theo cng thc (4-21) [1]:

S2l = K2.(QL + eS1)
Trong :
K2: h s tra theo biu hnh 4.26 [1]
Vi L - V = 600 kg/m 3 ; T = 60 cm th K2 = 0,21
e : lng lng b li cun t 1 m2 mt a trong 1 pht v c tnh theo
biu H 4.25 [1].
Ta c:
S1 = 70% A = 0,7.111,619 = 77,81333 (m2 )
S2= 16% A = 0,16.11,619 = 17,785904 (m 2 )
Vi S1l/S1 = 0,894 th e = 0,024
S2l = 0,21(1077,12/60 + 0,024.7781333) = 4,162099 (m 2 )
2
69,54353 4,162099

0,76
1,2 77,81333 1,8 17,785904
Vy f
Nh vy f < 1,2 nn khng c hin tng ngp lt song thit k nh vy cha

t hiu qu tht cao v din tch vng cha chp v ng chy chuyn hi ln .
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Lc Ha Du - K50
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Ts. Phan T Bng, Gio trnh cng ngh lc du, nh xut bn xy dng H
Ni, 2002.
[2]. Ts. Phan T Bng, Gio trnh ha hc du m v kh t nhin, nh xut bn
giao thng vn ti H Ni, 1999.
[3]. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht, tp 1, nh xut bn khoa hc
v k thut, H Ni, 2004.
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11/10/2010
n Cng Ngh Lc Du
Lc Ha Du K50
MC LC
A. TNH NHIT , LU LNG THP CHNG CT KH QUYN ........ 2
I. Tnh ton iu kin vng np liu-y thp .................................................... 10
I.1 S vng np liu-y thp .................................................................. 10
I.2 Lu lng cc dng .................................................................................. 11
I.3 nng cc dng vng np liu ............................................................ 11
I.4 Nhit ti a np liu ............................................................................ 11
I.5 Nhit ti y thp chng ct ................................................................. 12
II. Tnh nhit ti a ly HGO ....................................................................... 13
III. Tnh nhit ti a ly LGO ...................................................................... 15
IV. Tnh nhit ti a ly Kerosen. ................................................................ 17
V. Tnh nhit ti nh thp chng ct ............................................................ 19
VI. Xc nh phn tch ca php chng ct du th ...................................... 21
VII. Tnh cn bng nhit cho ton thp .............................................................. 21
VIII. Tnh ton hi lu vng cho thp chng ct ................................................ 23
VIII.1 Trc khi hi lu................................................................................. 23
VIII.2 nh lng hi lu vng...................................................................... 24
B. TNH TON CC THNG S CNG NGH CATHP CHNG CT
KH QUYN ......................................................................................................... 27
I. Tnh ng knh a ....................................................................................... 28
II. Sp xp mt a ............................................................................................. 29
II.1 Chn la cu trc ng chy chuyn. ........................................................ 29
II.2 B tr chp ............................................................................................... 30
III. Gradien mt lng ......................................................................................... 32
III.1 Gradien mt lng xung quanh a. .......................................................... 32
III.2 Gradien mt lng gia a ................................................................... 32
IV. p sut aa. ................................................................................................ 33
V. Thi gian lu ca cht lng trong ng chy chuyn ...................................... 34
V.1 ng chy chuyn trung tm ..................................................................... 34
V.2 Hai ng chy chuyn quanh trc (2 v 4)................................................. 34
V.3 Hai ng chy chuyn ngoi cng (1 v 5): ............................................... 35
VI. Hin tng ngp lt ................................................................................... 335
TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................................37
MC LC..................................................................................................................38
Gentle
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10/11/2010

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n Cng Ngh Lc Du

CC D LIU CHO TRC

Tnh ton cu trc thp

A. TNH NHIT , LU LNG THP

HNH A.1.ng TBP ca du th

HNH A.2.ng c trng V-d ca du th

Bng A.2.S liu %V-t-d ca phn on kh + naphtha

HNH A.3.ng cong chng ct phn on kh + naphtha

HNH A.4 ng c trng V- d phn on kh + naphtha

c tnh %V-t ca Kerosen

HNH.A.5 ng cong chng ct phn on kerosen

c tnh %V-d ca kerosen

HNH.A.6 ng c trng V- d phn on kerosen

c tnh % V-t ca LGO

HNH.A.7.ng cong chng ct phn on LGO

c tnh % V-d ca LGO

HNH.A.8 ng c trng V- d phn on LGO

c tnh % V-t ca HGO

HNH.A.9 ng cong chng ct phn on HGO

c tnh % V-d ca HGO

HNH.A.10 ng c trng V- d phn on HGO

HNH.A.11 ng cong chng ct phn on AR

HNH.A.12 ng c trng V- d phn on AR

Bng A.7 .c trng cc phn on

I. Tnh ton iu kin vng np liu-y thp

AR= 456,5 m3/h

HNH.I.1: S dng vng np liu-y thp

- Vo: dng hi sinh ra nh stripping

167 54,49 322 3

Khi lng dng Va l: 0,777.57,49% .1003 = 448,018 (tn/h)

vng pha trn a np liu. Vy qu trnh stripping xy ra ch yu vi dng La. Bn

hay t khi ca dng Vo l 0,81 (= dLGO)

Nh vy phn t lng trung bnh ca dng hi Vo l 217.

V ng Flash, (coi ng FRL trng ng Flash)

Bng I.1 S liu lin quan n vng np liu-y thp

II. Tnh nhit ti a ly HGO

HNH II.1.S dng vng HGO

Cc s liu v dng hi lu R1 ti a ly HGO c xc nh da trn cn bng

T bng s liu trn, cn bng Entanpy ta c :

phn t lng dng L1

Tng s mol hi qua a ly HGO l:

III. Tnh nhit ti a ly LGO

Hnh III.1.S dng vng LGO

Quyt nh stripping 6% so vi LGO ly ra. Khi tng lng hi nc cn dng l:

Th tch Khi lng

Cn bng Entanpy cho bng s liu trn, ta thu c:

Lu lng mol dng L2 = 561,46 (kmol/h)

phn t lng dng L2

Lu lng mol dng R2 = 2802,072 (kmol/h)

IV. Tnh nhit ti a ly Kerosen.

HNH IV.1: S dng vng Kerosen

Ta stripping 5% so vi lng Kerosen ly ra, Theo H3.15 [1] cn 38 kg hi

mS3 = 3,4737.0,7175= 2492,4 (kg/h)

Cn bng Entanpy cho bng s liu trn, ta thu c:

phn t lng dng L3

Lu lng mol dng R3 = 836176/167 = 5007 (kmol/h)

V. Tnh nhit ti nh thp chng ct

HNH V.1.S dng vng nh thp

Trong s Hnh V.1:

Dng hi lu lnh L coi l c tnh cht nh HN :

Cn bng Entanpy phn on nh theo bng s liu trn, ta thu c :

VI. Xc nh phn tch ca php chng ct du th

Kt qu v phn tch cho thy php chng ct rt tt, cc phn on rt t ln