Logarithm rules - log(x) rules

http://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/logarithm/Logarithm_Rules.htm

Logarithm Rules and Properties

Logarithm rules and properties:

Rule name
Logarithm product rule Logarithm quotient rule Logarithm power rule Logarithm base switch rule Logarithm base change rule Derivative of logarithm Integral of logarithm

Rule

logb(x y) = logb(x) + logb(y) logb(x / y) = logb(x) logb(y) logb(x y) = y logb(x) logb(c) = 1 / logc(b) logb(x) = logc(x) / logc(b) f (x) = logb(x) f ' (x) = 1 / ( x ln(b) ) logb(x) dx = x ( logb(x) - 1 / ln(b) ) + C logb(0) is undefined logb(1) = 0 logb(b) = 1 lim logb() = , when x

Logarithm of 0 Logarithm of 1 Logarithm of the base Logarithm of infinity

Logarithm product rule

The logarithm of a multiplication of x and y is the sum of logarithm of x and logarithm of y.

logb(x y) = logb(x) + logb(y)

For example:

logb(3 7) = logb(3) + logb(7)

The product rule can be used for fast multiplication calculation using 1 of 3

10/30/2011 8:35 PM

Logarithm rules - log(x) rules

http://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/logarithm/Logarithm_Rules.htm The product rule can be used for fast multiplication calculation using addition operation. The product of x multiplied by y is the inverse logarithm of the sum of logb(x) and logb(y):

x y = log-1(logb(x) + logb(y))
Logarithm quotient rule
The logarithm of a division of x and y is the difference of logarithm of x and logarithm of y.

logb(x / y) = logb(x) - logb(y)

For example:

logb(3 / 7) = logb(3) - logb(7)

The quotient rule can be used for fast division calculation using subtraction operation. The quotient of x divided by y is the inverse logarithm of the subtraction of logb(x) and logb(y):

x / y = log-1(logb(x) - logb(y))
Logarithm power rule
The logarithm of the exponent of x raised to the power of y, is y times the logarithm of x.

logb(x y) = y logb(x)
For example:

logb(28) = 8 logb(2)
The power rule can be used for fast exponent calculation using multiplication operation. The exponent of x raised to the power of y is equal to the inverse logarithm of the multiplication of y and logb(x):

x y = log-1(y logb(x))
Logarithm base switch
The base b logarithm of c is 1 divided by the base c logarithm of b.

logb(c) = 1 / logc(b)
For example:

log2(8) = 1 / log8(2)
Logarithm base change
The base b logarithm of x is base c logarithm of x divided by the base c logarithm of b.

logb(x) = logc(x) / logc(b)

Logarithm of 0

2 of 3

10/30/2011 8:35 PM

Logarithm rules - log(x) rules

http://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/logarithm/Logarithm_Rules.htm

The base b logarithm of zero is undefined:

logb(0) is undefined
The limit near 0 is minus infinity:

Logarithm of 1
The base b logarithm of one is zero:

logb(1) = 0
For example:

log2(1) = 0
Logarithm of the base
The base b logarithm of b is one:

logb(b) = 1
For example:

log2(2) = 1
Logarithm derivative
When

f (x) = logb(x)
Then the derivative of f(x):

f ' (x) = 1 / ( x ln(b) )

For example: When

f (x) = log2(x)
Then the derivative of f(x):

f ' (x) = 1 / ( x ln(2) )

Logarithm integral
The integral of logarithm of x:

logb(x) dx = x ( logb(x) - 1 / ln(b) ) + C

For example:

log2(x) dx = x ( log2(x) - 1 / ln(2) ) + C

Logarithm approximation

log2(x) n + (x/2n - 1) ,
Logarithm of zero

3 of 3

10/30/2011 8:35 PM