s gio Dc & o to h ni k thi hc sinh gii thnh ph-lp 12

Nm hc 2005-2006

Mn thi: Ha hc Ngy thi: 01 - 12 - 2005 Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht Cu I ( 3,0 im): 1/ Cho cc s phn ng sau: a) X + O2 -- + H2O b) X + CuO -- N2 + + c) X + H2S -- d) X + CO2 -- + H2O e) X + H2O + CO2 -- Tm cng thc ca kh X v hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc trn. 2/ Mt hn hp kh gm nit v hiro, c t khi so vi He l 0,95. Cho hn hp trn i qua xc tc, un nng to ra amoniac, hn hp kh thu c nng hn He. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Hi hiu sut ca phn ng trn c gi tr trong khong no? Cu II ( 4,0 im): 1/ Ho tan hon ton FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 (c d) thu c 65g dung dch X v thy thot ra 7,33 lt mt cht kh c khi lng ring l 1,881g/l (o 250C v 1atm). Trong dung dch X, khi lng H2SO4 bng khi lng HNO3. Vit phng trnh ho hc v tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 dng ban u. 2/ Cho m gam bt Cu vo dung dch cha 10,2 gam AgNO3, khuy k, thm vo dung dch H2SO4 long ri un nng nh ti khi phn ng hon ton th thu c 8,8 gam bt kim loi, dung dch A v kh NO. phn ng hon ton vi cc cht trong dung dch A cn 12 gam NaOH. Vit phng trnh ho hc v tm s mol cc cht c trong dung dch A v m. Cu III ( 3,0 im): 1/ Dung dch NH4Cl v dung dch C6H5NH3Cl u c nng 0,1 mol/l. Dung dch no c pH ln hn? Gii thch. 2/ Hn hp kh gm hiro sunfua v ankan c trn vi nhau theo t l th tch tng ng l 1: 4, sau em t chy hon ton trong oxi d, sn phm ca phn ng chy c hp th ht bi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 to ra 17,93 gam kt ta. em lng kt ta ny cho phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 c mt HNO3 (d) th thy gim cn 2,33
1

gam . Vit cc phng trnh ho hc v tm cng thc phn t ca ankan Cu IV ( 6,0 im): 1/ Cho s bin ho sau: C2H3O2Na(cht D)C5H10O2(cht B)C3H8O(cht A)C3H6O2(cht E)C5H10O2(cht G) C3H6O (cht I) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cc cht A, B, D, E, G, I v vit cc phng trnh ho hc biu din s bin ho trn. 2/ Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht hu c c trong cc s bin ho sau:
COOH

2N aOH C H O CuO d C H O [ O ] 9 8 2 9 12 2 a) C9H10O 2H Cl C9H10Cl2 t0 H2O b)C7H6KNO2 Br2 2K OH HNO3 C H OH C7H8ClNO2 Fe/H ClC7H5NO4 C7H4N2O6 2 5+ H2SO4 H
+

COOH NO2

c)

C3H6Br2

[O] 2N aOH 2N aOHC H O Na H C H O 2C2H5OH C H O C3H8O2 C3H4O4 3 4 4 7 12 4 3 2 4 2 H2O

O2N

COOC2H5

CH 3/ Mentol c trong tinh du bc h, c cng thc cu to nh3 sau: Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din phn ng ca mentol vi Na, vi Br2 (c nh sng), CH3COOH ( c H2SO4 c), OH CuO nung nng. CH3CHCH3

Cu V ( 4,0 im): 1/ Hn hp gm fomanehit, axit axetic v axit fomic c khi lng 2,33 gam c th b trung ho hon ton bi 18,7 ml dung dch KOH 8,4% ( khi lng ring l 1,07g/ml). Dung dch nhn c em phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac, un nng, thy tch ra 9,72 gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc biu din cc phn ng v tnh s mol tng cht trong hn hp ban u. 2/ Hp cht hu c A c cha cacbon, hiro, oxi. Phn tch nh lng cho kt qu: 46,15% C ; 4,62% H; 49,23% O . Bit phn t khi ca A nh hn 200 vC. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A.

b) Khi un A vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1 mui B v 1 ru D u thun chc (khng tp chc). Vit cc cng thc cu to (c th c) ca A. Cho H = 1; He = 4; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; K = 39; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Ag = 108; Ba = 137./. ---------------------Ht------------------S = 32;

s gio Dc & o to h ni k thi hc sinh gii thnh ph-lp 12

Nm hc 2006-2007

Mn thi: Ha hc Ngy thi: 15 - 11 - 2006 Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht

Cu 1 ( 2,0 im): Ho tan hon ton 0,765 gam mt oxit kim loi vo nc thu c 1 lt dung dch X c pH = 12. a) Cho bit cng thc ca oxit kim loi. b) Trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca dung dch H2SO4 0,05M vi dung dch HCl 0,02M c dung dch A. Trn 2 phn th tch dung dch X vi 1 phn th tch dung dch NaOH 0,04M c dung dch B. Hi phi trn dung dch A vi dung dch B theo t l th tch nh th no c dung dch C c pH = 2, cho rng cc th tch thu c bng tng th tch ca cc dung dch em trn. Cu 2 ( 3,0 im): Nung hn hp A gm st v lu hunh sau mt thi gian c hn hp rn B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c V1 lt hn hp kh C. T khi ca C so vi hiro bng 13. Nu t chy hon ton B thnh Fe2O3 v SO2 cn V2 lt kh oxi. a) Tm tng quan ga tr V1 v V2 (o cng iu kin). b) Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc cht trong B theo V1 v V2. Cu 3 ( 3,0 im) Ho tan hon ton m1 gam bt Cu trong 600 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch A. Trung ho A bng 400ml dung dch KOH ri em c cn dung dch to thnh thu c m2 gam mui khan B. Nung nng B n khi lng khng i c kh K v 29 gam cht rn C. Dn ton b hn hp kh K hp th vo nc thu c 1,0 lt dung dch D. a. Tnh V, m1, m2 v nng dung dch KOH dng. b. Tnh t khi hi ca K so vi oxi, tnh pH ca dung dch D. c. Nu cho t t dung dch NH3 2M vo dung dch A thy to thnh 9,8 g kt ta. Tnh v (ml) dung dch NH3 dng. Cu 4 ( 3,0 im): 3

1/ Vit phng trnh phn ng ca (CH3)2C = CH2 vi cc cht di y to ra sn phm chnh: a) H2O (c H+) b) nc clo Hy trnh by c ch phn ng (a). 2/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc: a) (CH3)2CHOH + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 (CH3)2CO + Cr2(SO4)3 + ... + ... b) C6H5CH2OH + KMnO4 C6H5COOK + MnO2 + ... + ... c)
OH

+ K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
OH

HOOC- (CH2)4 - COOH + Cr 2(SO4) 3 + ... + ...

Cu 5 ( 4,0 im): 1/ Ba cht hu c X, Y, Z c cu to mch h v khng phn nhnh, phn t ch c mt loi nhm chc v chng thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau, phn t khi u nh hn 150. Trong cc hp cht trn, phn trm khi lng cacbon, hiro tng ng bng 54,545% v 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Dung dch X tc dng vi Ag2O ( hoc AgNO3 ) trong dung dch NH3 to ra kt ta. Y, Z khng c phn ng ny. Y tc dng vi natri v vi NaOH; Z tc dng vi natri nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. Y hoc Z khi tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong iu kin thch hp to ra hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t C8H14O4Cu. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho. 2/ un hn hp ru A vi axit B (u l cht c cu to mch h, khng phn nhnh) thu c este X. t chy hon ton m gam X thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 0,72 gam nc. Lng oxi cn dng l 1,344 lt (ktc). a) Tm cng thc phn t ca X, bit t khi hi ca X so vi khng kh nh hn 6. b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, X bit gia A, B v X c mi quan h qua s sau : CxHy Q A M B X Cu 6 ( 5,0 im): 1/ Y l hp cht trong thnh phn ch gm nguyn t X v oxi. Trong Y, oxi chim 72,72% v khi lng. a) Xc nh nguyn t X. b) B l hp cht gm hai nguyn t trong c X, phn t khi ca B c ga tr trong khong 150 < MB < 180. t chy hon ton m gam B sinh ra ng m gam nc. B khng tc dng vi Br2 (c mt Fe). un nng hi B vi Br2 c chiu sng thu c dn xut monobrom duy nht. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca B. c) T s chuyn ho B dd KMnO4 d, t0 + HCl -D KCl t0 - H2OE Z

Cho bit cng thc cu to ca D, E, Z. Bit rng trong Z cng ch gm nguyn t X v oxi, oxi chim 50% v khi lng. 2/ t chy hon ton 0,02 mol cht hu c A cn dng 21,84 lt khng kh (ktc). Sau phn ng, cho ton b sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O, N2 hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 4

9,02 gam v c 31,52 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 17,696 lt (ktc). a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit rng khng kh gm 20% oxi v 80% nit theo th tch v coi nh nit khng b nc hp th. b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A bit A khng lm mt mu brom trong CCl4 v A c hnh thnh t cht hu c X v cht hu c Y, phn t khi ca X v Y u ln hn 50; khi X tc dng vi nc brom to ra kt ta trng. Mi quan h ca A v X, Y th hin trong cc s phn ng di y: A + NaOH X + B + H2O A + HCl Y+D D + NaOH X + NaCl + H2O B + HCl Y + NaCl Cho : H = 1; C = 12, N = 14; O = 16, S = 32; K = 39; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Ba = 137 ----------------------------------Ht---------------------------------

s gio Dc & o to h ni k thi hc sinh gii thnh ph-lp 12

Nm hc 2007-2008

Mn thi: Ha hc Ngy thi: 13 - 11 - 2007 Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht

Cu I (2,0 im) 1/ Cho t t dung dch cha x mol Ba(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha y mol K2CO3 thu c dung dch A v kt ta B. Trong dung dch A cha nhng ion no, bao nhiu mol (tnh theo x v y)? Hy nh gi pH ca dung dch. 2/ Tnh nng cn bng ca cc cht, cc ion trong dung dch HClO nng 0,001 mol/lt v tnh hng s phn li ca axit HClO. Bit rng nng ny HClO c in li = 0,707%. 3/ C dung dch NH3 nng 1,5 mol/lt. Tnh nng cn bng ca ion H+ trong dung dch trn. Cho bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,7.10 -5 K ; H O = 1.10-14.
2

Cu II (2,5 im) 1/ Hp cht Q c cng thc phn t C7H6O3. Khi Q tc dng vi lng d NaOH to ra cht Q1 c cng thc phn t C7H4Na2O3 , cn khi Q tc dng vi NaHCO3 d to ra cht Q2 c cng thc phn t C7H5NaO3. Khi Q phn ng vi metanol (c mt axit sunfuric lm xc tc), thu c cht Q3 c cng thc phn t C8H8O3. Vit cng thc cu to ca Q v vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng trn. 2/ Cho s bin ho sau: CxHyO (Cht A) (Cht B) C6H14O (Cht D).
5

Bit rng trong phn t cht A c s nguyn t cacbon nh hn 6, cc cht u c cu to mch h, khng nhnh; mi mi tn ng vi 1 phng trnh ho hc v c hai qu trnh trn u khng s dng thm hp cht khc cha cacbon. Tm cc cng thc cu to ca cc cht A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh ho hc ph hp vi qu trnh bin ho trn. 3/ Cho s bin ho sau: CH2= CHCH= 2 CH
Br2 , t
0

2NaOH H2O

H2, t

KMnO4 ( lo ng) H2SO4

C4H6O4

Vit cng thc cu to ca cc cht X, Y, Z v C4H6O4 Cu III (3,5 im) 1/ Ho tan hon ton 0,31 gam hn hp Al v Zn cn va 0,175 lt dung dch HNO3 c pH = 1. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X cha 3 mui v khng thy c kh thot ra. a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u. b) Dn t t kh NH3 vo dung dch X. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch NH3 ( ktc) cn dng thu c lng kt ta ln nht, nh nht. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 2/ Nung hn hp hai mui ca kim loi kali 4000C, sau phn ng thu c 0,336 lt kh A khng mu v hp cht X trng thi rn. Cho ton b lng cht X thu c trn vo cc ng mt lng d dung dch m c ca FeSO4 trong H2SO4, ri un nng nh, thu c 0,896 lt kh B khng mu. Kh B kt hp d dng vi kh A hoc b chuyn mu trong khng kh thnh kh C c mu nu . Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra v xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp u. Cc th tch kh o ktc; cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cu IV (4,25 im) 1/ Nung 10,13 gam hn hp gm 3 cht l tinh th axit oxalic ngm nc, ng (II) oxit v ch (II) oxit. Kt thc phn ng, sau khi ngng t hi nc thu c 3,35 gam cht rn v 2,4 lt kh (c khi lng ring 1,7 g/lt) o nhit 200C, p sut 1atm. Bit rng khi nung, axit oxalic b phn hu thnh CO, CO2 v H2O. a) Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca axit ngm nc trn. b) Xc nh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp u. 2/ un hn hp gm 36 gam CH3COOH v 7,36 gam C2H5OH c mt H2SO4, n mt nhit no thu c hn hp X trng thi cn bng. Khi cho ton b lng X trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2 to ra 4,66 gam kt ta; cn khi cho ton b lng X trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch KHCO3 s gii phng 12,1 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Tm s mol este trong hn hp thu c khi un nng 150 gam CH3COOH vi 200 ml dung dch C2H5OH 90% (khi lng ring 0,82g/ml) c mt H2SO4 cng nhit nh trn. Cu V (4,0 im)
6

1/ Mt hirocacbon X khi tc dng vi lng d dung dch brom to thnh dn xut ibrom cha 57,56% brom v khi lng. Khi un si X vi dung dch KMnO4 thm H2SO4 to ra hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit trn tc dng c vi Cl2 trong hai iu kin khc nhau. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. b) Y l ng phn ca X, khi tc dng vi KMnO4 trong iu kin nh trn c to ra mt axit cacboxylic hai chc. Cho bit cng thc cu to ca Y v vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng trn. 2/ Cho 30 lt hiro bromua vo 35 lt hn hp kh A gm CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, CO2 . Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi khng kh l 1,942 v hn hp rn Y. t chy hon ton 35 lt hn hp A trn bng mt lng oxi va , sau khi ngng t hi nc cn li 62,5 lt hn hp kh B. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. Tm th tch ca cc kh trong hn hp A. Cu VI (3,75 im) 1/ Cho mt lng dung dch NaOH va tc dng ht vi dung dch cha 33,84 gam ng (II) nitrat, sau thm tip 3,92 gam anehit n chc A, ri un nng hn hp. Sau phn ng, lc ly cht rn ri nung 1500C n khi khi lng khng i, cn nng 13,28 gam. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. 2/ C hn hp gm 2 axit hu c n chc mch h, trong phn t hn km nhau khng qu 2 nguyn t cacbon. Chia hn hp thnh 3 phn bng nhau: - Cho phn 1 vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1M; lng kim d c trung ho bi 150 ml dung dch HCl 1M. - Phn 2 phn ng va vi lng nc brom c cha 6,4 gam Br2. - t chy hon ton phn 3 thu c 3,136 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to 2 axit trn. Bit rng hn hp axit trn khng c phn ng trng bc. b) Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi axit trong hn hp trn. Cho: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Al = 27; S = 32; K = 39; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ba = 137; Pb = 207./. -------------------------Ht-------------------------