You are on page 1of 24

ti:

iu Khin B iu p Xoay Chiu Ba Pha

I- Cc s liu ban u:
- Cng sut ng c (Pc)

: 80 KW.

- in p nh mc (Um)

: 380/220 V.

- H s cos

=>

: 0,68

= 470.

- Tc nh mc (n) : 580 v/p.


- Hiu sut ()

: 0,79

II- Gii thiu chung:


1- Gii thiu chung v cng ngh ca ng c khng ng b ba pha.
2- Gii thiu v cc phng php khi ng ng c khng ng b.
III- Ni dung thit k:
1- Gii thiu v thit k mch lc.
2- Gii thiu v tnh ton mch iu khin.
- Nguyn tc iu khin.
- Khi ng pha, dng b.
- Khi to lut iu khin.
- Khi so snh.
- Khi to xung iu khin v tch xung.
- Khi khuch i xung.
- Khi ngun.
3- Bn v s nguyn l tng th.
4- Kt lun.

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

MC LC
LI M U...............................................................................................................................................3
CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V NG C KHNG NG B 3 PHA...........................................4
V CC PHNG PHP KHI NG MY............................................................................................4
I- GII THIU CHUNG V NG C KHNG NG B:..................................................................4
II- CC PHNG PHP KHI NG NG C KHNG NG B:...............................................4
1- Cc yu cu khi ng ng c:....................................................................................................4
2- Cc phng php m my:............................................................................................................5
a/ Phng php Khi ng cng:................................................................................................5
b/ Phng php Khi ng mm:................................................................................................5
3- La chn phng n:.....................................................................................................................5
CHNG II: NI DUNG THIT K............................................................................................................6
I- GII THIU V THIT K MCH LC:..............................................................................................6
1- Gii thiu mch lc:........................................................................................................................6
2- Hot ng ca mch:......................................................................................................................6
3- Tnh ton mch lc:........................................................................................................................7
a/ Tnh thng s valve:....................................................................................................................7
b/ iu kin lm mt cho valve:......................................................................................................8
c/ Mch bo v valve:.....................................................................................................................8
II- GII THIU V THIT K MCH IU KHIN:................................................................................9
1- Khu ng b:..............................................................................................................................10
a/ ng pha:.................................................................................................................................10
b/ ng b:...................................................................................................................................10
2- Khu to in p rng ca:..........................................................................................................11
3- Khu to lut iu khin:..............................................................................................................12
a/ Chc nng:...............................................................................................................................12
b/ Tnh ton linh kin:....................................................................................................................12
4- Khu so snh:...............................................................................................................................13
5- Khu to xung kp:.......................................................................................................................14
a/ To xung n:...........................................................................................................................14
b/ Tch xung:................................................................................................................................15
6- Khu khuch i xung:.................................................................................................................16
a/ Phn khuch i xung:.............................................................................................................16
b/ Bin p xung:............................................................................................................................17
7- Khi ngun:..................................................................................................................................17
a/ Mch cp ngun DC (W2):.......................................................................................................18
b/ Bin th ngun:.........................................................................................................................18
8- Tng hp linh kin v s chi tit mch iu khin:..................................................................21
a/ Bng tng hp linh kin:...........................................................................................................21
b/ S chi tit mch iu khin:.................................................................................................23

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 2 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

LI M U
-

Ngy nay, cng vi vic pht trin mnh m cc ng dng ca khoa hc k thut trong
cng nghip, c bit l trong cng nghip in t th cc thit b in t c cng sut
ln cng c ch to ngy cng nhiu. c bit l cc ng dng ca n vo cc
ngnh kinh t quc dn v i sng hng ngy v ang c pht trin ht sc
mnh m.

Tuy nhin, p ng c nhu cu ngy cng nhiu v phc tp ca cng nghip th


ngnh in t cng sut phi lun nghin cu tm ra gii php ti u nht. c bit
vi ch trng cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc, cc nh my, x nghip cn
phi thay i, nng cao cng ngh bng cch a cng ngh iu khin t ng vo
trong sn xut. Do i hi phi c thit b v phng php iu khin an ton, chnh
xc. l nhim v m nghnh in t cng sut cn phi gii quyt.

gii quyt c vn ny, nh nc ta cn c i ng thit k ng o v


nng lc. Sinh vin ngnh T ng ha tng lai khng xa s ng trong i ng ny,
do cn phi t trang b cho mnh mt trnh v tm hiu bit su rng. Chnh v
vy, n mn hc in t cng sut l yu cu cp thit cho mi sinh vin t ng
ha. l bi kim tra kho st kin thc tng hp ca mi sinh vin v cng l iu
kin cho sinh vin t tm hiu, nghin cu kin thc v in t cng sut.

Mc d vy, do kinh nghim thc t cha nhiu nn vn cn n s gip v hng


dn ca thy gio. Qua y, em xin c gi li cm n n thy Phm Quc Hi
tn tnh ch dn em c th hon thnh n ny.

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 3 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

CHNG I:

Mn: in t cng sut

GII THIU CHUNG V NG C KHNG NG B 3 PHA


V CC PHNG PHP KHI NG MY

I- GII THIU CHUNG V NG C KHNG NG B:


- Trong lch s my in, my in khng ng b (KB) ra i mun hn so vi cc loi
my in khc, nhng n hin nay, n l loi my in c s dng rng ri nht trong cc
ngnh kinh t quc dn vi cng sut t vi chc n hng trm kW.
- Trong cng nghip thng dng my in khng ng b lm nguun ng lc cho cc
my gia cng ch to sn phm.
- Trong i sng hng ngy, my in khng ng b cng dn dn chm mt v tr quan
trng nh: qut gi, ng c bm gia dng ..
- S d my in khng ng b c s dng v pht trin nhanh chng nh vy bi
nhng tnh nng ni bt v vt tri so vi my in mt chiu v my in ng b nh:
C kt cu n gin, d ch to.
Lm vic chc chn, vn hnh tin cy, hiu sut tng i cao. Chi ph vn hnh v bo tr
sa cha thp.
S dng trc tip vi li in xoay chiu do khng tn chi ph cho cc b bin i.
Gi thnh thp, d chp nhn.
- Tuy nhin, my in khng ng b ch yu c s dng ch ng c nn mt
trong nhng nhc im ca n l dng khi ng thng cao (thng t khong 4 7 ln
dng nh mc). iu ny khng nhng lm cho thn my b nng mau gim tui th ng c
m cn lm cho in p li in gim st nhiu, nht l vi nhng li in cng sut nh.
- Do vn t ra l ta phi gim c dng in m my ca ng c khng ng b
v c bit l ng c khng ng b roto ngn mch. Vic tc ng vo ng c roto ngn
mch thng kh khn hn so vi ng c roto dy qun, tuy nhin, hin nay vi vic p dng
nhng ng dng ca in t cng sut th cng vic tr nn d dng hn.
II- CC PHNG PHP KHI NG NG C KHNG NG B:
- Khi bt u m my, roto ang ng yn, h s trt = 1 nn dng in m my c
tnh theo mch in tng ng vi cng thc nh sau:

Ik =

U1
(r1 + C r ) + ( x1 + C1 x2' ) 2
' 2
1 2

- T cng thc trn, ta thy dng in khi ng ph thuc vo cu to ca ng c v ph


thuc nhiu vo in p li.
1- Cc yu cu khi ng ng c:
i vi mt ng c, cng vic m my cn t c cc yu cu sau:
- Momentt m my cng ln cng tt hoc ln thch ng vi c tnh c ca ti.
- Dng in m my cng nh cng tt.
- Tn hao cng sut trong qu trnh m my cng nh cng tt.
- Phng php m my v thit b cn dng nn n gin, r tin, chc chn.

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 4 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

2- Cc phng php m my:


- Hin nay c kh nhiu phng php khi ng my, nhng c th phn chia thnh hai
phng php chnh, l phng php khi ng cng v phng php khi ng mm.
a/ Phng php Khi ng cng:
- M my trc tip thng qua cc thit b ng ct nh: cu dao, khi ng t .
- H in p m my bng bin p t ngu, phng php ny gim c dng m my
nhng ng thi cng lm gim momentt m my. Vi cch ny, bn cao p c ni vi li
in, bn h p ni vi ng c, sau thi gian m my, bin p c loi ra khi mch in.
- Ni in khng trc tip vo mch in stator. Khi m my, mt in khng c t ni
tip vo trong mch in stator, sau thi gian m my th in khng ny s b ni ngn mch.
- i ni Y-.
+ u im: Thit b khi ng n gin, d lp t, gi thnh thp, d bo tr sa cha.
+ Nhc im: Ch s dng cho nhng ng c c cng sut nh, kh ng b ha vi
vic iu khin cho ton h thng. Kh nng p ng chm, khng thc
hin c vic dng mm khi c yu cu.
b/ Phng php Khi ng mm:
- S dng phng php Bin tn.
- S dng phng php iu p xoay chiu.
+ u im: Thit b iu khin nh gn. Kh nng p ng nhanh. c tnh iu chnh trn.
D ng b ha vi vic iu khin ton h thng. Ph hp vi nhu cu hin i
ha trong cng nghip. C th thc hin vic dng mm khi c nhu cu. Vi gi
thnh hin nay, chi ph lp h thng khi ng mm cng khng cao. S dng
c cho nhng ng c cng sut ln.
+ Nhc im: Dng in p v dng in qua iu khin cp cho ti s khng cn l hnh
sin trong di iu chnh. Do mch iu khin phc tp nn ngi vn hnh
cn phi c mt trnh hiu bit nht nh. Vic kim tra bo tr phc tp
hn.
3- La chn phng n:
- So snh u v nhc im ca hai phng n khi ng ng c khng ng b trn, kt
hp vi thi k cng nghip ha hin nay ca nc ta v do s liu ca ng c, n ny xin
chn phng n khi ng mm khi ng cho ng c m c th l phng php iu
p xoay chiu ba pha dng 6 thyristor u theo kiu song song ngc v y l phng php
thng dng nht hin nay v c gi thnh thp trong khi yu cu ch cn khi ng mm cho
ng c.

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 5 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

CHNG II:

Mn: in t cng sut

NI DUNG THIT K

I- GII THIU V THIT K MCH LC:


1- Gii thiu mch lc:
- Cc b iu p xoay chiu (AXC) dng ng ngt hay thay i in p xoay chiu ra
ti t mt ngun xoay chiu c nh, trong tn s in p ra bng tn s in p ngun.
- AXC dng valve bn dn c y u im ca nhng mch cng sut s dng k thut
bn dn nh: d iu chnh v t ng ha, lm vic n nh, phn ng nhanh vi cc t bin
iu khin, tin cy v tui th cao, kch thc gn v d thay th, thch hp v qu trnh
hin i ha, tp trung ha cc qu trnh cng ngh.
- Nhc im chung v c bn nht ca AXC l in p ra ti khng sin trong ton di
iu chnh, iu chnh cng su cng gim in p ra th mo cng ln, tc l thnh phn
sng hi bc cao cng cng ln. Nhng v phm vi ca n ny l khi ng ng c, thi
gian khi ng ch trong khong 3 30s v ti l ng c bm nn ta c th chp nhn c
phng n ny.
- Do ti yu cu l dng in xoay chiu nn valve bn dn y c th dng l:
TRIAC, y l valve bn dn duy nht cho php dng in chy theo c hai chiu. Tuy
nhin loi valve ny thng c cng sut nh v gi thnh tng i cao.
Ghp hai valve ch cho php dn mt chiu bng cch u song song ngc nhau, lc
mi valve m nhn mt chiu ca dng ti. Bng cch ny c th ghp hai thyristor vi
nhau hay mt thyristor vi mt diode. Trong n ny, ta chn theo phng php l
ghp 6 thyristor theo kiu song song ngc v y cng l phng php thng dng
nht hin nay.
- Nguyn tc iu chnh ca AXC l iu chnh gc m ca valve bn dn. Cc valve lm
vic vi in p xoay chiu nn c kha t nhin bng in p ngun v cng chu nh
hng ca li in n valve, kiu iu khin valve l dch pha im pht xung so vi pha
ngun xoay chiu, tc l s dng mch iu khin xung - pha.
2- Hot ng ca mch:
- Mch hot ng theo quy lut chung:
Trng hp 3 valve dn: Mi pha c 1 valve dn => Uti = Ungun.
Trng hp 2 valve dn: C 2 pha c valve dn v 1 pha khng valve no dn => in p
pha ti = in p dy ngun v c 1 pha khng c in p.
Trng hp khng c valve dn: Ton b ti b ngt khi ngun (Uti = 0).
- Cc trng hp dn ca valve ph thuc vo gc iu khin . Gm 3 vng iu khin:
0o > > 60o:
- Trong vng ny c hai trng thi k tip nhau
l 3 valve dn 2 valve dn. Giai on 3
valve dn di 60o , giai on 2 valve dn
bng chnh .
- Gc dn ca valve = (180o ), valve ngt khi
in p pha ngun = 0.

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 6 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

60o > > 90o:


- Vng iu khin ny lun ch c 2 valve dn v
khng ph thuc vo gc iu khin .
- Valve trong cng nhm (chn hoc l) thay
nhau dn, valve sau m th valve trc mi
kha li. Lc gc dn ca valve = 120o.
- in p ra ti khng cn on bng in p
ngun m ch c th = in p dy.

90o > > 150o:


- Trong vng iu khin ny c 2 trng thi thay
th nhau l 2 valve dn v khng valve no
dn.
- Valve khng dn lin tc m dn thnh 2 giai
on xen gia mt khon ngh.
- Valve ngt dng mi khi in p dy ngun v
0V.

3- Tnh ton mch lc:

a/ Tnh thng s valve:


-

Ung max =

Ivalve max khi = 0 vi = 0,79

=>

It =

2 Ud =

2 . 380 = 537,4 (V)

P = 8 0.1 0 = 2 2 6( A)
3U c o s 0,7 9 3.3 8 0.0,6 8
3

- Theo cch u ca mch lc ny (6 thyristor u song song ngc), tra theo bng Cc
tham s tnh ton cho AXC ba pha (Trang 188 Ti liu hng dn thit k TCS) ta c:
Itb valve = 0,45.It.klv = 0,45 . 226 . 1,6 = 362 (A)
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 7 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

(Chn thng s klv = 1.6 l h s d tr dng)


b/ iu kin lm mt cho valve:
Qua thc nghim cho ta thy:
- iu kin lm mt t nhin, valve lm vic tt vi 25% dng in nh mc.
- iu kin lm mt cng bc, valve lm vic vi 30%-60% dng in nh mc.
=> Ta chn iu kin lm mt cng bc valve c th lm vic tt vi 40% dng in
nh mc.
I
226
I tbvanthuc = tbvan =
= 565 ( A)
=>
40 % 0,4
- Chn h s d tr in p cho valve: Chn kuv = 1.6
Ung valve = kuv . Ung max = 1,6 . 537,4 = 860 (V)
- Theo iu kin Itb valve thc = 565A v Ung valve = 860V, tra theo bng 2.2.2 (Trang 437 - Ti liu
hng dn thit k TCS), ta c th chn valve T588N l loi ca Ty u c dy in p trong
khong 1200V n 1800V v cc tham s khc l:
di
du
I tb = 588 A
= 200 ( A / s )
= 1000 (V / s )
dt
dt
c/ Mch bo v valve:

Bo v qu dng:
- V valve c mc trc tip vo li in m khng qua bin p do cn phi c cun
cm bo v cho valve trong trng hp qu dng. Tc di/dt s ln nht khi dng qua
valve l cao nht. Gi s in p li khng n nh m dao ng trong khong 5%, vy Uv max
lc ny s tng ng:
Uv max = 2 .1,05 . 220 = 326,7 (V)
di
- Xt qu trnh qu trong mch: U f = iR + L
dt
U
di
- Tc tng dng ln nht khi
max = f
dt
L
Uf
di
di
di
=> Chn cun khng L c tr s sao cho
max < van
< van
dt
dt
L
dt
=>

L>

U vanmax
326,7
=
= 1.6( H )
di
200.106
dt

=>

Chn L = 3H.

- Cc cun cm ny thng c li l khng kh, vi gi tr cun cm l 3H, ta chn kch


thc cun dy l: D = h = 0,15m. Tra theo th H s iu chnh k ca cun cm l li
khng kh ta c: tng ng vi h/D = 1 th k = 0,68.

- Vy ta c s vng dy l:
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 8 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

n=

hL10 7
1
=
k
0,15

1
D

Mn: in t cng sut

0,15 .5.10 6.10 7


= 7(vng )
0,68

Bo v qu p:
- Gm cc phn t l R v C to thnh mch RC mc song song vi valve. Thng s cc
phn t ny c tnh nh sau:

0 =

du

200.106
dt
=
= 1140.103 ( Rad )
s
0,564.U f max 0,564. 2 .220

- Do loi valve ny c du/dt = 1000 V/s, nhng valve lm vic iu kin khng phi l l
tng, v vy ta ch chn thng s du/dt cho valve = 200 v/s. Ta c:

C=

1
L

2
0

R =1,928

1
= 0,256 .10 6 ( F )
3.10 .1140 2.10 6
6

L
=1,928
C

3
=11,72 ()
0,256

=> C = 0,25 F
=> R = 12

+ Xc nh cng sut R:
- Tn tht trn R khi cc valve trng thi kha:
PR kha = (Ufmax ..C)2.R = (311.314.0,25.10-6)2.12 = 0,007 (W).
- Tn tht trn R khi valve m:
CU 2f max
CU C2 max
0,25 .10 6.311 2
W1R = WC =
=
=
= 0,012 (Ws )
2
2
2
- Tn tht khi valve kha li:
CU 2f max
W2 R =
= 0,012 (Ws )
2
- Cng sut pht nhit vi khong dn cc valve l 10ms, do cng sut trn R do cc
valve m - kha l :

PR =

W1R + W2 R 0,012 + 0,012


=
= 2,4(W )
t
10.10 3

- Do cng sut pht nhit trn valve ln nht khng th vt qu tng 2 cng sut va tnh:
PR < (PR kha + PR) = 0,007 + 2,4 = 2,407(W)
=>
Chn in tr c cng sut t 3W n 5W.
-Vy gi tr cc phn t mch bo v valve l:
L = 3H

C = 0,25F

R = 12/3W

II- GII THIU V THIT K MCH IU KHIN:


Yu cu chung ca mch iu khin:
- Pht xung iu khin n cc valve lc theo ng th t pha v theo ng gc iu khin
cn thit.
- m bo phm vi iu khin min max tng ng vi phm vi thay i in p ra ti ca
mch lc.
- Cho php b iu p lm vic bnh thng vi cc ch khc nhau do ti yu cu.
- Gc iu khin mi valve khng c lch qu (1 3)o in.
- m bo mch hot ng n nh v tin cy khi li in xoay chiu dao ng c v gi tr
in p v tn s.
- C kh nng chng nhiu cng nghip tt.
- tc ng ca mch iu khin nhanh, di 1ms.
- m bo xung iu khin pht ti cc valve ph hp m chc chn valve.
S khi mch iu khin:
- Nguyn tc iu khin dc:
Ulc

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Ub

Uta

Urc

Uk

SS

Uss

DX

Udx

K
X

Ugk

Trang 9 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

- Hot ng: Khu B thng to ra in p hnh sin c gc lch pha c nh so vi in p


lc. Uta to ra in p ta c dng c nh (thng c dng rng ca, i khi c dng hnh sin)
theo chu k do nhp ng b ca Ub. Khu so snh (SS) xc nh im cn bng ca hai in
p Uta v Uk pht ng khu to xung DX. Nh vy trong nguyn tc ny thi im pht
xung m valve hay gc iu khin thay i do s thay i tr s ca Uk.
1- Khu ng b:
a/ ng pha:

- Ti phn ng pha ny, ta c th s dng theo cch n gin l s dng bin p ng


pha. C th dng 3 bin p 1 pha cho mi pha. Tuy nhin, v trong mch iu khin cn c
nhng khu khc cng cn dng n bin p nn thng ch dng chung mt bin p c nhiu
cun dy th cp, mi cun thc hin nt chc nng ring trong c cun dnh cho vic ly
tn hiu ng pha.
- Khu to in p ng b cho b AXC 3 pha iu chnh 6 thyristor thng cn mt h
in p 6 pha lm in p ng b. Gc c tnh t gc 0. H in p pha ny bao gm 6
in p ng b hnh sin lch nhau mt gc = /3. Do ta cn phi u cun s cp ca bin
p ng pha vi in p pha ca ngun lc, im trung tnh c ni vi im 0 ca mch
iu khin. Cc in p ly ra t th cp a, a, b, b, c, c sau khi qua chnh lu c dng lm
in p ng pha ca cc pha A, B, C tng ng.
b/ ng b:

- Do kiu s u ca valve, ta c gc iu khin: 0o 150o.


- Chn:
Up = 10V
f = 50Hz
E = 15V.
- Nhm chnh lu D1, D2 c in p t vo l in p ng pha vi Uhd = 10V nn Ungmax t
ln diode l:
U ng max = 2 2U p = 2 2 .10 = 28 (V )

=> Chn D1 v D2 k loi 1N4002 vi tham s Itb = 1A v Ungmax = 100V.


- Mch so snh to xung ng b, chn OA l loi TL082 l loi cha hai v trong cng mt
IC do 1 v cn li s dng cho mch to xung rng ca. IC c s chn nh sau:

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 10 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

- Chn R1 = 15K.
- c phm vi iu chnh gc iu khin 150o => gc iu khin nh nht l:
min = 0,5(180o 150o) = 15o
U ng = 2U p sin min = 2 .10 . sin 15 o = 3,66 (V )

=> in p ngng l:

Do c st p trn diode chnh lu nn Ung gim i khong 0,7V.


=>

Ungng = Ung 0,7 = 3V.

- Chn dng i qua phn p P1 + R4 l 1mA => tng tr ca c b phn p l:

R =

E
15
=
= 15 .10 3 = 15 ( K)
3
i 1.10

=> Chn R4 = 10K v P1 = 10K, iu chnh P1 = 5K.


- Ro l in tr ti ca mch chnh lu, chn Ro = 10K.
300.00

U luc
-300.00
50.00

Udf
-10.00
20.00

Udb
-20.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

- Biu trn l kt qu m phng vi cc thng s linh kin tnh ton.


2- Khu to in p rng ca:

- Chn

Urcmax = 10V
Up = 10V

E = 15V
f = 50Hz

iu chnh = 150o

- Chn OA2 l v dng chung IC vi OA1 ( gii thiu ti phn trc) l IC loi TL082.
- Do T =

1
1
=
= 20 (ms ) trong khi , ti mi chu k ca in p lc ta phi to c 1
f
50

xung rng ca
=>

trc = tp + tn =10ms

- Thi gian t C1 phng in chnh l thi gian tng ng phm vi iu chnh gc iu khin
, do , gc 150o c quy i thnh thi gian l:

tp =

150 .10 ( ms )
= 8,33( ms )
180 o

=>

t n =10 8,33 =1,67 ( ms )

- Chn diode n p Dz1 l loi: BZX79A10 c UDz = 10V.


- Chn t C1 = 220 nF.
- Vi tp = 8,33ms, ta c:

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 11 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

15 .8,33 .10 3
= 56795 ,45 ()
U DZ .C1 10 .0,22 .10 6
=> Chn R3 = 56K v 1 bin tr ni tip l P2 = 100K (chnh P2 = 50K). Cm in tr
R3 v P2 ny dng chnh thi gian phng ca t, do vy chnh P2 cng s chnh c thi
gian phc hi cho t.
- Vi tn = 1,67ms v in p bo ha ca OA2 l:
E.t p

R3 =

Ubh = E 1,5 = 15 1,5 = 13,5 (v)

R2

=>

U bh 0,7
13,5 0,7
=
= 8093 ,73()
6
C.U DZ
E
0
,
22
.
10
.
10
15
+
+
tn
R3
1,67.10 3
56795 ,45

=> Chn R2 = 3,9K (hoc c th chn nh hn). Thay i R2 s lm thay i gi tr bin


ca xung rng ca, R2 cng ln th bin xung rng ca cng gim.
T

20.00

Udf
-20.00
20.00

Urc
-10.00
0.00

10.00m

20.00m
Time (s)

30.00m

40.00m

- Biu trn l kt qu m phng ca khu to xung rng ca vi cc thng s linh kin


c tnh ton nh trn.
3- Khu to lut iu khin:
a/ Chc nng:
- Khu ny c chc nng ch yu l to ra quy lut iu khin khi ng v c th xy dng
trn c s mch PI. S nguyn l v ng c tnh ra ca mch PI nh sau:

- Mch c tip im K ca rle iu khin khi ng, khi cha chy, tip im ny m lm
cho T1 thng, ni ngn mch t C2 m bo iu kin u ca mch l: U c(0) = 0. Mt khc,
in p Uv = 0, do in p ra cng bng 0.
- Khi n nt khi ng my, rle ng tip im K li: mt mt a in p ngun m (-E)
qua R5 vo BT1 kha bng ny li, cho php t C2 tin hnh np in, mt khc a ngun
E vo cm phn p (R5 - P5) to in p vo ca OA3 vi U v = const v mch bt u
hot ng nh mch PI.
- Diode n p Dz2 nhm hn ch in p iu khin ti a sao cho ph hp vi in p rng
ca thit k.
- P4 dng chnh Uo l in p khi ng ban u.
- P3 dng iu chnh tc tng p v chnh l t thi gian khi ng.
- P5 dng t in p Uv, thng in p t vi gi tr thp xp x 1V.
b/ Tnh ton linh kin:
- Chn:

Bin in p rng ca l 10V (Urc max = 10V).

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 12 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

E = 15V.
Phm vi iu chnh: Uo = 20% 60%.
Thi gian khi ng di nht l 25s.
- V Urc max = 10V => phm vi iu chnh mc ban u l Uo = (2 6)V.
- Ta chn mc in p Uv = 1V, do vy in p tch phn tng t nht khi khi ng vi mc

Uv

Uo max = 6V, do :

U v .t k
1
1.25
t k = U m U o max C 2 P3 =
=
= 6,25( s ) .
C 2 .P3
U m U o max 10 6

- Chn t C2 = 330F (l t ha).


=>

P3 =

6,25
= 19 K
330 .10 6

- Theo thnh phn Uo = a, ta c: U o =

=>

Chn P3 = 50K. (chnh P3 = 20K).

U
P4
U v P4 = o P3
P3
Uv

- T ta c phm vi iu chnh bin tr P4 l:

P4 min =

U o min
2
P3 = 20 .10 3 = 40 .10 3 = 40 ( K )
Uv
1

P4 max =

U o max
6
P3 = 20 .10 3 = 120 .10 3 = 120 ( K )
Uv
1

=> Vy chn P4 gm in tr R = 27K v bin tr P4 = 100K.


- Nhm in tr phn p R5 v P5 cn c tng tr << P3, chn nhm (R5 + P5) = 5K, vy:

P5 = ( R5 + P5 )

Uv
1
= 5.10 3
= 333,3() R5 = 5000 333,33 = 4666 ,66()
E
15

- Chn R5 = 4,7K v P5 = 1K.


- Chn transistor l loi C828, R6 = 20K v R7 = 4,7K.
- Chn OA tng t nh phn trc l IC TL082. Trong , mt v c dng l OA3 v 1
v cn li dng cho mch so snh (phn sau).

Udk (V)

T 10.00

7.50
5.00
2.50
0.00
0.00

10.00

20.00
Time (s)

30.00

40.00

- Biu trn l kt qu m phng ca mch PI. Cc thng s linh kin c chnh nh sau:
P5 c chnh vi gi tr l 500
R = 10K
P4 c chnh vi gi tr l 5K
P3 c chnh vi gi tr l 5K
Diode zener l loi 1N2816 (c BV/Break down voltage = 18V)
4- Khu so snh:

- Chn OA4 l v dng chung IC vi OA3 trong IC TL082.


- R8 v R9 c th khng cn dng v thc t hin nay, cc OA c Umax = 18V nn c th
khng cn hai in tr ny. Tuy nhin an ton, ta t R8 = R9 = 10K bo v ng vo ca
OA.
- iu kin lm vic ca OA:
Cc in p a vo so snh (Uta v Uk) phi cng du (cng - hoc cng +) th mi
c hin tng thay i trng thi u ra (Uss).
chnh lch ti a gia hai ca trong khi lm vic khng c vt qu gii hn cho
php ca OA
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 13 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

- Trong s iu khin ny, ta dng kiu so snh hai ca, do in p ra s tun theo
quy lut :
Ura = Uss = KoU = Ko(U+ - U-) vi Ko l h s khuch i ca OA.
- Do ta c: Uss = Ura = Ko(Uk Uta)
5- Khu to xung kp:
- Do c im: dng in cp t ngun xoay chiu buc phi i qua hai valve lc trong mi
bn k ca in p lc nn mch iu khin phi pht ng thi vo hai valve cn dn. V vy,
iu khin m cho valve lc cn c hai xung, xung th nht l xung chnh c pht ng
theo gc iu khin , xung th hai l xung ph nhm m bo c hai valve cng dn. Vic
pht xung iu khin nh vy c gi l pht xung kp. Biu pht xung kp nh sau:

- Dng xung kp l hai xung n cch nhau 60o in. Loi xung ny chuyn dng cho cc s
cu ba pha hin nay. Thc cht y l khu to xung n kt hp vi mch tch xung
to ra xung n xut hin ng thi im m valve, ng thi kt hp vi xung m valve
ca valve k tip to thnh cp xung kp nh mch logic.
a/ To xung n:
- to xung, ta c th dng mch vi phn n gin gm hai phn t R v C.

- Chn tx = 100s = 1,8 do tuy tng ghp ni k tip l cng logic nhng on cui ca
xung 0 nn khng c tc dng truyn cng sut na, do vy, rng hiu qu ca xung thc
cht ch khong 1,8.
- Ngun cho OA l: E = 15V.
- Chn dng a vo cng logic tng sau = 1mA, ta c:
t

2 E ( x )
2E (
i (t = t x ) =
e
= 1(mA) R =
e
R
1.10 3

1,8
)

2.15.103
= 4,959( )
e1,8

=>
Chn R10 = 4,7K v Dz3 l loi 1N2808 c Ungng = 10V.
- T hng s thi gian ca mch = R.C, ta c:

t
100 .10 6
C= = x =
= 1,18 .10 8 =>
Chn C3 = 1nF.
R 1,8.R 1,8.4,7.10 3
- Dng sng ca Uk qua m phng vi cc thng s linh kin va tnh nh sau:

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 14 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

T 20.00

Uss

-20.00
5.00

Uk

2.00
13.00

13.50

14.00
Time (s)

14.50

15.00

- Dng sng ca Uk theo Uk trong thi gian u (0 15)ms:


T 5 .0 0
Ud k
0 .0 0
2 0 .0 0
Ur c
- 1 0 .0 0
9 .0 0
Uk
- 3 .0 0
2 0 .0 0
Us s
- 2 0 .0 0
0 .0 0

2 0 0 .0 0 m

4 0 0 .0 0 m
Tim e ( s )

6 0 0 .0 0 m

8 0 0 .0 0 m

b/ Tch xung:

- u vo (+) ca OA = 1mA R11 = R13 = 10K.


- Do OA c chn l loi TL082 (c hai v, dng cho OA5 v OA6 trn s ) c E = 15V
Ura = 15V. Trong khi , IC logic ch lm vic mc +5V v dng = 1mA.
=>

R12 =

15
= 15 ( K)
1.10 3

=>

Chn R12 = R14 = 15K.

- Ngoi ra, lp thm D4 v D5 bo v u vo ca OA khi qu in p v R11 c tc


dng hn ch dng qua cc diode ny khi chng dn tng chu k in p ng pha.
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 15 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

- Chn D4 = D5 = D6 = D7 = D8 = D9 l loi N4001.


- IC logic AND chn loi HC4081B v IC logic OR chn loi CD4071B c s chn nh
sau:

6- Khu khuch i xung:


- Khuch i xung c nhim v tng cng sut do khu to dng xung DX hnh thnh n
mc mnh m valve lc. a s cc thyristor m chc chn khi xung iu khin c gi tr
UGK = (5 10)V v IGK = (0,3 1)A trong thi gian khong 100s.
- Thc cht, nhim v ca KX l khuch i dng in. Vi c dng in I G th cn phi
dng transistor lm chc nng khuch i, v v transistor thng dng c dng 1A c h s <
100 nn KX thng gm 2 tng khuch i. Phng php ny thng dng nht hin nay v
d dng cch ly phn iu khin v phn lc. Tuy nhin do tnh cht vi phn ca bin p nn
khng cho php truyn cc xung rng vi mili giy. n gin mch, ng thi vn m bo
h s khuch i dng cn thit, tng khuch i thng u theo kiu Dalinton.

- Cc thng s ban u:
Valve lc l loi T588N.
IG = 250mA.
UG = 2,2V.
a/ Phn khuch i xung:
- Chn bin p xung (BAX) c t s k = 2, ta c tham s dng in s cp nh sau:
U1 = U k .k = 2,2.2 = 4,4(V )

I k
0,25
=
= 0,125 ( A)
k
2
- Ngun cng sut, ta ly chung ngun 15V s dng cp cho mch iu khin, do ta chn
bng T2 l loi BD135 c cc thng s sau:
I1 =

UCE = 45V

ICmax = 1,5A

min = 40.

- Tuy nhin, tiu tn nhanh dng in qua BAX khi bng T2 kha, ta lp thm R16 ni
tip vi cun s cp khi T2 kha, dng in qua BAX s chy vng qua D10-R16 v lm
cho nng lng tiu tn trn R16 ny. iu ny trnh c tnh trng im lm vic ca li
bin p b y ln vng bo ha.
E
15
15
R16 > CS =
= 10 ()
I1max =
=1,5( A)
=>
I C max 1,5
10
- Do dng qua in tr ny thng xuyn l ln => chn R16 = 10/2W.
- Bng T3 chn loi BC107 c cc thng s sau:
UCE = 45V

ICmax = 0,1A

min = 110.R

- Vy R15 l in tr u vo c tr s l:
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 16 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

R15

1.2 .ECS
S .I1max

Mn: in t cng sut

40 .110 .15
= 36666 ,6()
1,2.1,5

=>

Chn R15 = 15K.

b/ Bin p xung:
- Nhim v ca BAX gm:
Cch ly mch lc v mch iu khin.
Phi hp tr khng gia tng KX v cc iu khin ca valve lc.
- Do BAX phi lm vic vi tn s cao nn li thp bin p cho tn s li in 50Hz khng
p ng c. Li dn t trng cho BAX thng dng nht hin nay l li ferit dng xuyn,
hnh tr hay c tit din kiu ch E. Tuy nhin do tn tht trong bin p tng mnh theo tn s
nn cng t cm cng gim ng k so vi tn s 50Hz. th c tnh t ha li ferit
tn s cao n 30kHz cho thy khi bin p lm vic theo trng thi t ha mt phn th gi tr
B khng c vt qu 0,25 Tesla, tng ng H phi di 40A/m. Trng hp bin p lm
vic theo ng t ha ton phn th s tng c gp i cc tr s trn.
B

20oC

0,4
oC

100
0,2

H
80

160

240

c tnh t ha li ferit tn s cao n 30kHz


- Do ti khu to dng xung l xung n sau tch xung bng cng logic, iu ny ng vi
mi chu k in p lc s c hai xung n (do phn tch xung xc nh khi pha lc n v tr
0) nn ta c chu k ca xung n l Tx = /3 v so vi chu k ca ngun li l:
1
20
Tx = Tng =
(ms )
v c tx = 100s = 100.10-6s ( chn ti mc s 5).
6
6
- Do ch lm vic ca BAX l lm vic mt phn nn theo th c tnh t ha li
ferit, ta chn B = 0,2(T) v tng ng l H = 30(A/m). Thng chn st p cho php Ux
= 0,1. Vy:
k .U .I t .U x
2.2,2.7,5.10 3.100 .10 6.0,1
V = ba 2 2 x
=
= 5,5.10 8 (m 3 ) = 0,55 mm 3
B.H
0,2.30
- Tra theo bng, ta chn loi li ch E c m hiu l 814E250 c din tch li t l 0,202 cm2
v din tch ca s l 0,171cm2.
- S vng dy cun s cp v th cp l:
U 1.t x
4,4.100 .10 6
=
= 108 ,9(vng ) =>
w1 =
Chn w1 = 110 vng
B.S ba
0,2.0,202 .10 4
w2 =

w1 110
=
= 55(vng )
k
2

=>

Chn w2 = 55 vng

7- Khi ngun:
- Gm mch ngun v bin th ngun.
Mch ngun c chc nng cung cp ngun in mt chiu cho mch iu khin v khu
khuch i xung hot ng.
Bin th ngun l bin th ba pha m bn th cp c nhiu cun dy vi mi chc nng
khc nhau.
- Cu to ca bin th ngun nh sau:

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 17 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

a/ Mch cp ngun DC (W2):


- a s mch iu khin i hi ngun cung cp l in p mt chiu, tr s in p v n
nh ty thuc tng khu trong mch. Nng lc cp cho ngun ny thng thng vn ly t
li in nh bin p iu khin. Cu trc thng thng ca b ngun cho mch iu khin
nh sau:
Up~
U1~

BIN P
IU
KHIN

U2~

CHNH
LU
DIODE

Udo
LC
IN
DUNG

ECS

EC
C

N P 1

N P 2

Ech

- Trong cc phn tnh ton trc, ta chn ngun cung cp cho cc khu vi mc in p
l 15VDC, do ti mch cp ngun mt chiu ny, ta chn ngun cung cp l 15V c n
p bi hai vi mch l LM7815 n p ngun +15V v LM7915 n p ngun -15V.
- S mch cp ngun mt chiu nh sau:

- Chn thng s cc linh kin:


C01 = C02 = 1000F l t c nhim v san bng in p chnh lu.
C03 = C04 = 100F l t c nhim v lc phng.
C05 = C06 = 0,1F l t lc nhiu.
D01=D02=D03=D04=D05=D06 l loi 1N4002 c thng s: Itb = 1mA v Ung max = 100V.
b/ Bin th ngun:
- W1 l cun s cp c ni vi ngun xoay chiu 3 pha 220/380V.
- W2 l cun th cp thc hin chc nng cung cp U2 cho mch cp ngun mt chiu.
- W3 l cun th cp thc hin chc nng l ly tn hiu ng pha cp cho khu ng b.

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 18 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

W2:
- Cp ngun cho mch iu khin v cho khu KX.
+ Ngun cho mch iu khin:
- hai IC LM7815 v LM7915 c ng ra l 15V, ta cn c u vo ca hai IC ny > 15V.
=>

chn Vin = 20V

=>

Ud = 40V.

- Do phn ngun ny ch dng cp cho cc khuch i thut ton l ch yu nn dng


tiu th khng ln.
=>
Chn Id = 500mA = 0,5A. Ta c:
Ud
40
=
= 17 ,1(V )
2,34 2,34
Pd = U d .I d = 40 .0,5 = 20 (W )
U d = 2,34U 2 U 2 =

S ba = k s .Pd = 1,05 .40 .0,5 = 21(VA )


+ Ngun cp cho khu khuch i xung:
- cp ngun cho khu ny, ta ly ngun trc n p =>
Ud = 20V.
- Theo phn tnh ton ca khu KX, ta c: TCmax = 1,5A = Id, vy:
Pd = Ud.Id = 20.1,5 = 30(W).
=>

Sba = ks.Pd = 1,05.20.1,5 = 31,5(VA).

- Vi cun cm W2, ta c:
SbaW2 = 21 + 31,5 = 52,5 (VA).
+ Tn tht cng sut trong cc valve chnh lu:

I tbvalve =

I d 0,5 + 1,5 2
=
= = 0,67 ( A)
3
3
3

- in p ri trn diode chnh lu l 0,7V => tn hao cng sut trn diode l:
Pt hao = 0,7 . 0,67 = 0,469 (W).
- V ta dng chnh lu l cu 3 pha 6 diode, do :
Pthc = 0,469 . 6 = 2,814 (W).
W3:
- Chn U2 = Up = 10V (theo thit k ti khu ng pha).
- S chnh lu l hnh tia 1 pha.
=>

Ud = 0,9.U2 = 0,9 . 10 = 9(V).

- Chn Id = 100mA = 0,1A, ta c:


Sba = 1,48 . Ud . Id = 1,48 . 9 . 0,1 = 1,33 (VA).
Itb valve = Id = 0,1/2 = 0,05 (A) = 500mA.
- Vi Uvalve = 0,7V =>
=>

Pth valve = 0,7 . 0,05 . 2(valve) = 0,07(W).

Vi 3 cun dy trong W3, ta c:

Sba = 3 . 1,33 = 3,99(VA) 4 VA.


Pth valve = 3 . 0,07 = 0,21(W).
=>

Sba th cp = Sba W2 + Sba + Pth W2 + Pth W3


= 52,5 + 4 + 2,814 + 0,21 = 59,424(VA).

- Theo bng tra Cc tham s tnh ton cho bin p cng sut nh (Trang 159 - Ti liu
S2
= 0,85 .
hng dn thit k in t cng sut), ta chn s b: =
S1
- Vy:

S baW 1 =

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

59 ,424
= 69 ,9(VA ) 70 VA .
0,85

Trang 19 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

- T cng thc: S th .S cs =

Mn: in t cng sut

S ba .10 2
v bng tra Cc tham s tnh ton cho
2,22 . f .Bmax ..k th .k cs

bin p cng sut nh ta c:


S th .S cs =

59 ,424 .10 2
= 79 ,38 79 ,4
2,22 .50 .1,31 .2,2.0,9.0,26

- Theo bng tra Li thp k thut in (Trang 473 - Ti liu hng dn thit k in t
cng sut), ta chn c li thp k thut in l loi li 20x40 c cc thng s tng ng:
a = 20

h = 50

c = 20

b = 40

C = 80.

H = 70

Qt = 7,28

Ltb = 17,4

Qt.Qc = 80

Vt = 125

Gt = 990(g)

S(50Hz) = 70VA

S(400Hz) = 400VA.

b = (1 - 1,5 )a
c = (0,6 : 0,8)a
h = (2 : 3)a

c
h

a/2

a/2

+ Xc nh tn hao li thp:
- T cng thc

Pth = pth . Gth.

P (w/kg)

q (VAR /kg)

100

80

5
4

60

40

2
20

1
0

B(T)
0,4

0,8

0,9

1,2

9,1

1,6

B(T)
0,4

0,8

Hnh a

1,2

1,6

Hnh b
th tn tht ring trong li thp

- Theo th tn tht ring trong li thp hnh a, ta c: Gth = 990 tng ng vi pth = 0,9.
=>

Pth = pth . Gth = 0,9 . 0,99 = 0,891 (W).

+ Xc nh thnh phn dng t ha:

I xa =

Pth
0,891
=
= 0,015 ( A)
S ba 59,424 + 0,891

- Theo th tn tht ring trong li thp hnh b, ta c: qth = 9,1 tng ng vi pth = 0,9.
Do :
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 20 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

I xp =

Mn: in t cng sut

Qth qth .Gth


9,1.0,99
=
=
= 0,15( A)
S ba
S ba
59,424 + 0,891

2
2
I x % = I xa
+ I xp
.100 % = 0,015 2 + 0,15 2 .100 % = 15 %

=>

t yu cu.

+ Tnh s vng cc cun dy:


- Ta c cc gi tr:
E1 = U1(1 0,01. U1%) = 380(1 0,01 . 5) = 361(V).
E2W2 = U2(1 + 0,01. U2%) = 17,1(1 + 0,01 . 9,5) = 18,7245(V).
E2W3 = U2(1 + 0,01. U2%) = 10(1 + 0,01 . 9,5) = 10,95(V).
- T ta c s vng dy ca bin p l:
W1 =

E1 .10 4
361 .10 4
=
= 1551 ,6(vng ) => Chn W1 c 1560 vng.
4,44 . f .Bmax .S th
4,44 .50 .1,31 .8

W2=

E 2W 2 .10 4
18 ,7245 .10 4
=
= 80 ,5(vng )
4,44 . f .Bmax .S th 4,44 .50 .1,31 .8

W3 =

E 2W 3 .10 4
10 ,95 .10 4
=
= 47 ,065 (vng ) => Chn W3 c 50 vng.
4,44 . f .Bmax .S th 4,44 .50 .1,31 .8

=> Chn W2 c 85 vng.

- W3 gm 3 cun dy bng nhau v mi cun c s vng dy qun l 50 vng.


8- Tng hp linh kin v s chi tit mch iu khin:
a/ Bng tng hp linh kin:
LINH KIN

THNG S

1- Mch lc
- Valve lc
- Cc phn t bo v

LINH KIN

THNG S

2- Khu ng b
T588N

- D1, D2

1N4002

L = 3H/7vng

- OA

TL082

C = 0,25F

- R0

10K

R = 12/3W

- R1

15K

- R4

10K

- P1

10K/chnh = 5K

3- Khu to in p rng ca

4- Khu To lut iu khin

- Dz1

BZX79A10

- T1

C828

- D3

1N4002

- Dz2

1N2816

- C1

220nF

- C2

330F (t ha)

- R2

3,9K

-R

10K

- R3

56K

- R5

4,7K

- P2

100K/chnh = 50K

- R6

20K

- R7

4,7K

- P3

50K/chnh = 20K

- P4

10K/chnh = 5K

- P5

1K/chnh = 500

5- Khu So snh
- R8, R9

10K

6- Khu To dng xung

7- Khu Tch xung

- C3

1nF

- IC Logic AND

HC4081B

- R10

4,7K

- IC Logic OR

CD4071B

- Dz3

1N2808

- D4, D5, D6

N4001

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 21 / 24

AXC 3 pha khi ng C KB roto ngn mch

Mn: in t cng sut

- R11

10K

8- Khu Khuch i xung

- R12

15K

- T2

BD135

9- Mch cp ngun DC

- T3

BC107

- IC n p +15V

LM7815

- R15

15K

- IC n p -15V

LM7915

- R16

10/2W

- C01, C02

1000F

Li E = 814E250

- C03, C04

100F

W1 = 110 vng

- C05, C06

0,1F

W2 = 55 vng

- D01 D06

1N4002

- Bin p xung

SVTH: Nguyn Phc on

Trang 22 / 24

b/ S chi tit mch iu khin:

You might also like