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I- Cc s liu ban u:
- Cng sut ng c (Pc)
: 80 KW.
- in p nh mc (Um)
: 380/220 V.
- H s cos
=>
: 0,68
= 470.
: 0,79
MC LC
LI M U...............................................................................................................................................3
CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V NG C KHNG NG B 3 PHA...........................................4
V CC PHNG PHP KHI NG MY............................................................................................4
I- GII THIU CHUNG V NG C KHNG NG B:..................................................................4
II- CC PHNG PHP KHI NG NG C KHNG NG B:...............................................4
1- Cc yu cu khi ng ng c:....................................................................................................4
2- Cc phng php m my:............................................................................................................5
a/ Phng php Khi ng cng:................................................................................................5
b/ Phng php Khi ng mm:................................................................................................5
3- La chn phng n:.....................................................................................................................5
CHNG II: NI DUNG THIT K............................................................................................................6
I- GII THIU V THIT K MCH LC:..............................................................................................6
1- Gii thiu mch lc:........................................................................................................................6
2- Hot ng ca mch:......................................................................................................................6
3- Tnh ton mch lc:........................................................................................................................7
a/ Tnh thng s valve:....................................................................................................................7
b/ iu kin lm mt cho valve:......................................................................................................8
c/ Mch bo v valve:.....................................................................................................................8
II- GII THIU V THIT K MCH IU KHIN:................................................................................9
1- Khu ng b:..............................................................................................................................10
a/ ng pha:.................................................................................................................................10
b/ ng b:...................................................................................................................................10
2- Khu to in p rng ca:..........................................................................................................11
3- Khu to lut iu khin:..............................................................................................................12
a/ Chc nng:...............................................................................................................................12
b/ Tnh ton linh kin:....................................................................................................................12
4- Khu so snh:...............................................................................................................................13
5- Khu to xung kp:.......................................................................................................................14
a/ To xung n:...........................................................................................................................14
b/ Tch xung:................................................................................................................................15
6- Khu khuch i xung:.................................................................................................................16
a/ Phn khuch i xung:.............................................................................................................16
b/ Bin p xung:............................................................................................................................17
7- Khi ngun:..................................................................................................................................17
a/ Mch cp ngun DC (W2):.......................................................................................................18
b/ Bin th ngun:.........................................................................................................................18
8- Tng hp linh kin v s chi tit mch iu khin:..................................................................21
a/ Bng tng hp linh kin:...........................................................................................................21
b/ S chi tit mch iu khin:.................................................................................................23
Trang 2 / 24
LI M U
-
Ngy nay, cng vi vic pht trin mnh m cc ng dng ca khoa hc k thut trong
cng nghip, c bit l trong cng nghip in t th cc thit b in t c cng sut
ln cng c ch to ngy cng nhiu. c bit l cc ng dng ca n vo cc
ngnh kinh t quc dn v i sng hng ngy v ang c pht trin ht sc
mnh m.
Trang 3 / 24
CHNG I:
Ik =
U1
(r1 + C r ) + ( x1 + C1 x2' ) 2
' 2
1 2
Trang 4 / 24
Trang 5 / 24
CHNG II:
NI DUNG THIT K
Trang 6 / 24
Ung max =
=>
It =
2 Ud =
P = 8 0.1 0 = 2 2 6( A)
3U c o s 0,7 9 3.3 8 0.0,6 8
3
- Theo cch u ca mch lc ny (6 thyristor u song song ngc), tra theo bng Cc
tham s tnh ton cho AXC ba pha (Trang 188 Ti liu hng dn thit k TCS) ta c:
Itb valve = 0,45.It.klv = 0,45 . 226 . 1,6 = 362 (A)
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on
Trang 7 / 24
Bo v qu dng:
- V valve c mc trc tip vo li in m khng qua bin p do cn phi c cun
cm bo v cho valve trong trng hp qu dng. Tc di/dt s ln nht khi dng qua
valve l cao nht. Gi s in p li khng n nh m dao ng trong khong 5%, vy Uv max
lc ny s tng ng:
Uv max = 2 .1,05 . 220 = 326,7 (V)
di
- Xt qu trnh qu trong mch: U f = iR + L
dt
U
di
- Tc tng dng ln nht khi
max = f
dt
L
Uf
di
di
di
=> Chn cun khng L c tr s sao cho
max < van
< van
dt
dt
L
dt
=>
L>
U vanmax
326,7
=
= 1.6( H )
di
200.106
dt
=>
Chn L = 3H.
- Vy ta c s vng dy l:
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on
Trang 8 / 24
n=
hL10 7
1
=
k
0,15
1
D
Bo v qu p:
- Gm cc phn t l R v C to thnh mch RC mc song song vi valve. Thng s cc
phn t ny c tnh nh sau:
0 =
du
200.106
dt
=
= 1140.103 ( Rad )
s
0,564.U f max 0,564. 2 .220
- Do loi valve ny c du/dt = 1000 V/s, nhng valve lm vic iu kin khng phi l l
tng, v vy ta ch chn thng s du/dt cho valve = 200 v/s. Ta c:
C=
1
L
2
0
R =1,928
1
= 0,256 .10 6 ( F )
3.10 .1140 2.10 6
6
L
=1,928
C
3
=11,72 ()
0,256
=> C = 0,25 F
=> R = 12
+ Xc nh cng sut R:
- Tn tht trn R khi cc valve trng thi kha:
PR kha = (Ufmax ..C)2.R = (311.314.0,25.10-6)2.12 = 0,007 (W).
- Tn tht trn R khi valve m:
CU 2f max
CU C2 max
0,25 .10 6.311 2
W1R = WC =
=
=
= 0,012 (Ws )
2
2
2
- Tn tht khi valve kha li:
CU 2f max
W2 R =
= 0,012 (Ws )
2
- Cng sut pht nhit vi khong dn cc valve l 10ms, do cng sut trn R do cc
valve m - kha l :
PR =
- Do cng sut pht nhit trn valve ln nht khng th vt qu tng 2 cng sut va tnh:
PR < (PR kha + PR) = 0,007 + 2,4 = 2,407(W)
=>
Chn in tr c cng sut t 3W n 5W.
-Vy gi tr cc phn t mch bo v valve l:
L = 3H
C = 0,25F
R = 12/3W
Ub
Uta
Urc
Uk
SS
Uss
DX
Udx
K
X
Ugk
Trang 9 / 24
Trang 10 / 24
- Chn R1 = 15K.
- c phm vi iu chnh gc iu khin 150o => gc iu khin nh nht l:
min = 0,5(180o 150o) = 15o
U ng = 2U p sin min = 2 .10 . sin 15 o = 3,66 (V )
=> in p ngng l:
R =
E
15
=
= 15 .10 3 = 15 ( K)
3
i 1.10
U luc
-300.00
50.00
Udf
-10.00
20.00
Udb
-20.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
- Chn
Urcmax = 10V
Up = 10V
E = 15V
f = 50Hz
iu chnh = 150o
- Chn OA2 l v dng chung IC vi OA1 ( gii thiu ti phn trc) l IC loi TL082.
- Do T =
1
1
=
= 20 (ms ) trong khi , ti mi chu k ca in p lc ta phi to c 1
f
50
xung rng ca
=>
trc = tp + tn =10ms
- Thi gian t C1 phng in chnh l thi gian tng ng phm vi iu chnh gc iu khin
, do , gc 150o c quy i thnh thi gian l:
tp =
150 .10 ( ms )
= 8,33( ms )
180 o
=>
Trang 11 / 24
15 .8,33 .10 3
= 56795 ,45 ()
U DZ .C1 10 .0,22 .10 6
=> Chn R3 = 56K v 1 bin tr ni tip l P2 = 100K (chnh P2 = 50K). Cm in tr
R3 v P2 ny dng chnh thi gian phng ca t, do vy chnh P2 cng s chnh c thi
gian phc hi cho t.
- Vi tn = 1,67ms v in p bo ha ca OA2 l:
E.t p
R3 =
R2
=>
U bh 0,7
13,5 0,7
=
= 8093 ,73()
6
C.U DZ
E
0
,
22
.
10
.
10
15
+
+
tn
R3
1,67.10 3
56795 ,45
20.00
Udf
-20.00
20.00
Urc
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
- Mch c tip im K ca rle iu khin khi ng, khi cha chy, tip im ny m lm
cho T1 thng, ni ngn mch t C2 m bo iu kin u ca mch l: U c(0) = 0. Mt khc,
in p Uv = 0, do in p ra cng bng 0.
- Khi n nt khi ng my, rle ng tip im K li: mt mt a in p ngun m (-E)
qua R5 vo BT1 kha bng ny li, cho php t C2 tin hnh np in, mt khc a ngun
E vo cm phn p (R5 - P5) to in p vo ca OA3 vi U v = const v mch bt u
hot ng nh mch PI.
- Diode n p Dz2 nhm hn ch in p iu khin ti a sao cho ph hp vi in p rng
ca thit k.
- P4 dng chnh Uo l in p khi ng ban u.
- P3 dng iu chnh tc tng p v chnh l t thi gian khi ng.
- P5 dng t in p Uv, thng in p t vi gi tr thp xp x 1V.
b/ Tnh ton linh kin:
- Chn:
Trang 12 / 24
E = 15V.
Phm vi iu chnh: Uo = 20% 60%.
Thi gian khi ng di nht l 25s.
- V Urc max = 10V => phm vi iu chnh mc ban u l Uo = (2 6)V.
- Ta chn mc in p Uv = 1V, do vy in p tch phn tng t nht khi khi ng vi mc
Uv
Uo max = 6V, do :
U v .t k
1
1.25
t k = U m U o max C 2 P3 =
=
= 6,25( s ) .
C 2 .P3
U m U o max 10 6
P3 =
6,25
= 19 K
330 .10 6
=>
U
P4
U v P4 = o P3
P3
Uv
P4 min =
U o min
2
P3 = 20 .10 3 = 40 .10 3 = 40 ( K )
Uv
1
P4 max =
U o max
6
P3 = 20 .10 3 = 120 .10 3 = 120 ( K )
Uv
1
P5 = ( R5 + P5 )
Uv
1
= 5.10 3
= 333,3() R5 = 5000 333,33 = 4666 ,66()
E
15
Udk (V)
T 10.00
7.50
5.00
2.50
0.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
Time (s)
30.00
40.00
- Biu trn l kt qu m phng ca mch PI. Cc thng s linh kin c chnh nh sau:
P5 c chnh vi gi tr l 500
R = 10K
P4 c chnh vi gi tr l 5K
P3 c chnh vi gi tr l 5K
Diode zener l loi 1N2816 (c BV/Break down voltage = 18V)
4- Khu so snh:
Trang 13 / 24
- Trong s iu khin ny, ta dng kiu so snh hai ca, do in p ra s tun theo
quy lut :
Ura = Uss = KoU = Ko(U+ - U-) vi Ko l h s khuch i ca OA.
- Do ta c: Uss = Ura = Ko(Uk Uta)
5- Khu to xung kp:
- Do c im: dng in cp t ngun xoay chiu buc phi i qua hai valve lc trong mi
bn k ca in p lc nn mch iu khin phi pht ng thi vo hai valve cn dn. V vy,
iu khin m cho valve lc cn c hai xung, xung th nht l xung chnh c pht ng
theo gc iu khin , xung th hai l xung ph nhm m bo c hai valve cng dn. Vic
pht xung iu khin nh vy c gi l pht xung kp. Biu pht xung kp nh sau:
- Dng xung kp l hai xung n cch nhau 60o in. Loi xung ny chuyn dng cho cc s
cu ba pha hin nay. Thc cht y l khu to xung n kt hp vi mch tch xung
to ra xung n xut hin ng thi im m valve, ng thi kt hp vi xung m valve
ca valve k tip to thnh cp xung kp nh mch logic.
a/ To xung n:
- to xung, ta c th dng mch vi phn n gin gm hai phn t R v C.
- Chn tx = 100s = 1,8 do tuy tng ghp ni k tip l cng logic nhng on cui ca
xung 0 nn khng c tc dng truyn cng sut na, do vy, rng hiu qu ca xung thc
cht ch khong 1,8.
- Ngun cho OA l: E = 15V.
- Chn dng a vo cng logic tng sau = 1mA, ta c:
t
2 E ( x )
2E (
i (t = t x ) =
e
= 1(mA) R =
e
R
1.10 3
1,8
)
2.15.103
= 4,959( )
e1,8
=>
Chn R10 = 4,7K v Dz3 l loi 1N2808 c Ungng = 10V.
- T hng s thi gian ca mch = R.C, ta c:
t
100 .10 6
C= = x =
= 1,18 .10 8 =>
Chn C3 = 1nF.
R 1,8.R 1,8.4,7.10 3
- Dng sng ca Uk qua m phng vi cc thng s linh kin va tnh nh sau:
Trang 14 / 24
T 20.00
Uss
-20.00
5.00
Uk
2.00
13.00
13.50
14.00
Time (s)
14.50
15.00
2 0 0 .0 0 m
4 0 0 .0 0 m
Tim e ( s )
6 0 0 .0 0 m
8 0 0 .0 0 m
b/ Tch xung:
R12 =
15
= 15 ( K)
1.10 3
=>
Trang 15 / 24
- Cc thng s ban u:
Valve lc l loi T588N.
IG = 250mA.
UG = 2,2V.
a/ Phn khuch i xung:
- Chn bin p xung (BAX) c t s k = 2, ta c tham s dng in s cp nh sau:
U1 = U k .k = 2,2.2 = 4,4(V )
I k
0,25
=
= 0,125 ( A)
k
2
- Ngun cng sut, ta ly chung ngun 15V s dng cp cho mch iu khin, do ta chn
bng T2 l loi BD135 c cc thng s sau:
I1 =
UCE = 45V
ICmax = 1,5A
min = 40.
- Tuy nhin, tiu tn nhanh dng in qua BAX khi bng T2 kha, ta lp thm R16 ni
tip vi cun s cp khi T2 kha, dng in qua BAX s chy vng qua D10-R16 v lm
cho nng lng tiu tn trn R16 ny. iu ny trnh c tnh trng im lm vic ca li
bin p b y ln vng bo ha.
E
15
15
R16 > CS =
= 10 ()
I1max =
=1,5( A)
=>
I C max 1,5
10
- Do dng qua in tr ny thng xuyn l ln => chn R16 = 10/2W.
- Bng T3 chn loi BC107 c cc thng s sau:
UCE = 45V
ICmax = 0,1A
min = 110.R
- Vy R15 l in tr u vo c tr s l:
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on
Trang 16 / 24
R15
1.2 .ECS
S .I1max
40 .110 .15
= 36666 ,6()
1,2.1,5
=>
b/ Bin p xung:
- Nhim v ca BAX gm:
Cch ly mch lc v mch iu khin.
Phi hp tr khng gia tng KX v cc iu khin ca valve lc.
- Do BAX phi lm vic vi tn s cao nn li thp bin p cho tn s li in 50Hz khng
p ng c. Li dn t trng cho BAX thng dng nht hin nay l li ferit dng xuyn,
hnh tr hay c tit din kiu ch E. Tuy nhin do tn tht trong bin p tng mnh theo tn s
nn cng t cm cng gim ng k so vi tn s 50Hz. th c tnh t ha li ferit
tn s cao n 30kHz cho thy khi bin p lm vic theo trng thi t ha mt phn th gi tr
B khng c vt qu 0,25 Tesla, tng ng H phi di 40A/m. Trng hp bin p lm
vic theo ng t ha ton phn th s tng c gp i cc tr s trn.
B
20oC
0,4
oC
100
0,2
H
80
160
240
w1 110
=
= 55(vng )
k
2
=>
Chn w2 = 55 vng
7- Khi ngun:
- Gm mch ngun v bin th ngun.
Mch ngun c chc nng cung cp ngun in mt chiu cho mch iu khin v khu
khuch i xung hot ng.
Bin th ngun l bin th ba pha m bn th cp c nhiu cun dy vi mi chc nng
khc nhau.
- Cu to ca bin th ngun nh sau:
Trang 17 / 24
BIN P
IU
KHIN
U2~
CHNH
LU
DIODE
Udo
LC
IN
DUNG
ECS
EC
C
N P 1
N P 2
Ech
- Trong cc phn tnh ton trc, ta chn ngun cung cp cho cc khu vi mc in p
l 15VDC, do ti mch cp ngun mt chiu ny, ta chn ngun cung cp l 15V c n
p bi hai vi mch l LM7815 n p ngun +15V v LM7915 n p ngun -15V.
- S mch cp ngun mt chiu nh sau:
Trang 18 / 24
W2:
- Cp ngun cho mch iu khin v cho khu KX.
+ Ngun cho mch iu khin:
- hai IC LM7815 v LM7915 c ng ra l 15V, ta cn c u vo ca hai IC ny > 15V.
=>
=>
Ud = 40V.
- Vi cun cm W2, ta c:
SbaW2 = 21 + 31,5 = 52,5 (VA).
+ Tn tht cng sut trong cc valve chnh lu:
I tbvalve =
I d 0,5 + 1,5 2
=
= = 0,67 ( A)
3
3
3
- in p ri trn diode chnh lu l 0,7V => tn hao cng sut trn diode l:
Pt hao = 0,7 . 0,67 = 0,469 (W).
- V ta dng chnh lu l cu 3 pha 6 diode, do :
Pthc = 0,469 . 6 = 2,814 (W).
W3:
- Chn U2 = Up = 10V (theo thit k ti khu ng pha).
- S chnh lu l hnh tia 1 pha.
=>
- Theo bng tra Cc tham s tnh ton cho bin p cng sut nh (Trang 159 - Ti liu
S2
= 0,85 .
hng dn thit k in t cng sut), ta chn s b: =
S1
- Vy:
S baW 1 =
59 ,424
= 69 ,9(VA ) 70 VA .
0,85
Trang 19 / 24
- T cng thc: S th .S cs =
S ba .10 2
v bng tra Cc tham s tnh ton cho
2,22 . f .Bmax ..k th .k cs
59 ,424 .10 2
= 79 ,38 79 ,4
2,22 .50 .1,31 .2,2.0,9.0,26
- Theo bng tra Li thp k thut in (Trang 473 - Ti liu hng dn thit k in t
cng sut), ta chn c li thp k thut in l loi li 20x40 c cc thng s tng ng:
a = 20
h = 50
c = 20
b = 40
C = 80.
H = 70
Qt = 7,28
Ltb = 17,4
Qt.Qc = 80
Vt = 125
Gt = 990(g)
S(50Hz) = 70VA
S(400Hz) = 400VA.
b = (1 - 1,5 )a
c = (0,6 : 0,8)a
h = (2 : 3)a
c
h
a/2
a/2
+ Xc nh tn hao li thp:
- T cng thc
P (w/kg)
q (VAR /kg)
100
80
5
4
60
40
2
20
1
0
B(T)
0,4
0,8
0,9
1,2
9,1
1,6
B(T)
0,4
0,8
Hnh a
1,2
1,6
Hnh b
th tn tht ring trong li thp
- Theo th tn tht ring trong li thp hnh a, ta c: Gth = 990 tng ng vi pth = 0,9.
=>
I xa =
Pth
0,891
=
= 0,015 ( A)
S ba 59,424 + 0,891
- Theo th tn tht ring trong li thp hnh b, ta c: qth = 9,1 tng ng vi pth = 0,9.
Do :
SVTH: Nguyn Phc on
Trang 20 / 24
I xp =
2
2
I x % = I xa
+ I xp
.100 % = 0,015 2 + 0,15 2 .100 % = 15 %
=>
t yu cu.
E1 .10 4
361 .10 4
=
= 1551 ,6(vng ) => Chn W1 c 1560 vng.
4,44 . f .Bmax .S th
4,44 .50 .1,31 .8
W2=
E 2W 2 .10 4
18 ,7245 .10 4
=
= 80 ,5(vng )
4,44 . f .Bmax .S th 4,44 .50 .1,31 .8
W3 =
E 2W 3 .10 4
10 ,95 .10 4
=
= 47 ,065 (vng ) => Chn W3 c 50 vng.
4,44 . f .Bmax .S th 4,44 .50 .1,31 .8
THNG S
1- Mch lc
- Valve lc
- Cc phn t bo v
LINH KIN
THNG S
2- Khu ng b
T588N
- D1, D2
1N4002
L = 3H/7vng
- OA
TL082
C = 0,25F
- R0
10K
R = 12/3W
- R1
15K
- R4
10K
- P1
10K/chnh = 5K
3- Khu to in p rng ca
- Dz1
BZX79A10
- T1
C828
- D3
1N4002
- Dz2
1N2816
- C1
220nF
- C2
330F (t ha)
- R2
3,9K
-R
10K
- R3
56K
- R5
4,7K
- P2
100K/chnh = 50K
- R6
20K
- R7
4,7K
- P3
50K/chnh = 20K
- P4
10K/chnh = 5K
- P5
1K/chnh = 500
5- Khu So snh
- R8, R9
10K
- C3
1nF
- IC Logic AND
HC4081B
- R10
4,7K
- IC Logic OR
CD4071B
- Dz3
1N2808
- D4, D5, D6
N4001
Trang 21 / 24
- R11
10K
- R12
15K
- T2
BD135
9- Mch cp ngun DC
- T3
BC107
- IC n p +15V
LM7815
- R15
15K
- IC n p -15V
LM7915
- R16
10/2W
- C01, C02
1000F
Li E = 814E250
- C03, C04
100F
W1 = 110 vng
- C05, C06
0,1F
W2 = 55 vng
- D01 D06
1N4002
- Bin p xung
Trang 22 / 24