-1-

A
(880 mc t) aa-lava A layer Aalenian abandoned shoreline abandoned valley abdomen aberration of light abime abiogenesis abiotic ablation dung nham aa, dung nham dng x tng A, v Tri t (70 - 90 km) Aalen (bc, k ca Jura) ng b bin c, ng b ho thch thung lng cht phn ui (B ba thu) quang sai hm vc (trong vng vi) ngun gc v sinh phi sinh, v sinh ~ factors nhn t v sinh s tan mn (bng h), s thi mn (do gi) ~ area vng tan mn; ~ cave hang tan mn; ~ form dng a hnh tan mn; ~ funnel phu tan mn; ~ moraine bng tch tan mn; ~ rate tc tan mn; ~ zone i tan mn (bng) s mi mn ~ arch vm mi mn; ~ coast b bin mi mn; ~ level mc mi mn; ~ platform nn mi mn; ~ shore b mi mn (= retrograding shore: b git li); ~ tableland cao nguyn mi mn; ~ terrace thm mi mn; ~ rock b mi mn bt mi ch trng vng mt, khng tham gia tuyt i ~ age tui tuyt i; ~ base level of denudation mc c s tuyt i ca bc mn; ~ drought kh hn tuyt i; ~ extremes cc tr tuyt i; ~ geochronology a thi tuyt i; ~ height ~ cao tuyt i; ~ humidity m tuyt i; ~ instability tnh bt n nh tuyt i ~ maximum ti a tuyt i; ~ minimum ti thiu tuyt i; ~ plate motion chuyn ng tuyt i ca mng; ~ stability n nh tuyt i; ~ temperature nhit tuyt i; ~ topography of isobaric surfaces a hnh ca mt ng p; ~ zero s khng tuyt i (nhit -273,15oC); ~ viscosity ~ nht tuyt i. bc x hp th nc hp th kh nng hp th ca t ging thu nc s hp th ~ coefficient h s hp th; ~ spectrum ~ ph hp th; ~ tower thp hp th bn tm tt, bn ghp mnh (bn )

abrasion

abrasive absenteeism absolute

absorbed radiation absorbed water absorbing capacity of soils absorbing well absorption

abstract

-2abstraction abundance abyssal s rt nc s phong ph su, thm, bin thm ~ basins bn thm, ~ benthos sinh vt y thm; ~ deposits trm tch bin thm; ~ plain ng bng bin thm; ~ zone i bin thm th nn (ca magma) = batholith Acadi (Cambri trung, Canada) nhm C gai thuc dit b k sinh hu c khng chy xi mn tin trin my gia tc, cht xc tc liu lng gii hn cho php c th n, c th vo khong vt ph loi bin ngu s thch nghi kh hu, s hp thu th sn dc, dc s iu tit, s thch ng ph hp, thun hng s hp lu thun (ca dng sui) thung lng thun ra bi kt ranh gii mng bi kt s bi t, s bi kt b bin bi t bng bi t nm bi kt s tip bin vn hoa nhit tch tr s tch t, s bi tch ~ mountains ni tch t; ~ zone i tch t b bin bi t a hnh tch t Acheuli (thi c sm) axit, chua ~ chimney khi axit; ~ deposition ; ~ dew point im sng axit; ~ lava dung nham axit, dung nham sng mu; ~ magma magma axit, magma sng mu; ~ mine drainage tiu nc axit m; ~ rain ma axit; ~ rock axit, magma sng mu; ~ sludge bn axit; ~ soil t chua; ~ solution ~ dung dch axit, dung dch chua ~ soot mui axit; ~ sulphate soil t sulfat axit axit ho sinh vt a chua v m thanh

abyssolith Acadian Acanthodii acaricide acaustobiolith accelerated erosion accelerator acceptable-dose limit accessibility accessory minerals accidental species acclimation, acclimatization acclivity accommodation accordant accordant junction of streams accordant valley accreting margin accreting plate boundary accretion accretion coast accretion ice accretion prism acculturation accumulated temperature accumulation accumulative coast accumulative relief Acheulian acid

acidification acidophile organisms acoustic

-3acoustic - scattering layer acoustic enclosure acoustic interferometer acoustic reflex acoustic trauma acoustics acre actinometer action space activated carbon activated platforrn activated sludge process active tng pht tn m thanh hng ro m thanh my o giao thoa m thanh phn x m thanh chn thng thnh gic vang m (thnh phng, hi trng) mu Anh, ng c nht x k, quang ho k khng gian hnh ng, khng gian hot ng than hot tnh nn hot ng qu trnh hot ho bn hot ng ~ cave hang ng hot ng; ~ cirque i vng hot ng; ~ fault ~ t gy hot ng; ~ glacier sng bng ng; ~ layer tng, lp hot ng; ~ layer of ocean lp (tng) ng ca i dng; ~ margin ~ ra ng, ra tch cc (ca cc mng); ~ remote sensing vin thm ch ng (phng php); ~ surface b mt ng; ~ volcano ni la hot ng m hnh nh v ng ch s hot ng t s hot ng s phn tch ng khng gian ng s bay hi thc t hin ti lun s liu thng k C sinh vt hin ti (on nh cho tng lai) gay gt, cp tnh bnh cp tnh hiu ng cp tnh np un nhn vn (bt) kim cng nh kim cng corindon nu nh t s thch nghi thch nghi, thch ng ~ management qun l thch ng; ~ radiation ~ s thch nghi to tia; ~ trait c tnh thch nghi; ~ zone vng (i) thch nghi on nhit a change bin i on nhit; ~ chart biu on nhit; ~ compression s p on nhit; ~ cooling lm lnh on nhit; ~ curve ng cong on nhit; ~ expansion s gin n on nhit; ~ heating nung nng on nhit; ~ process qu trnh, quy trnh on nhit ~

activity allocation model activity index activity rate activity segregation activity space actual evaporation actualism actuarial data actuo-palaeontology acute acute disease acute effect acute fold adamantine braize adamantine luster adamantine spar adaptation adaptive

adiabatic

-4~ temperature gradient gradien nhit on nhit adit l ngang, l ni va (m) adjacent sea bin k cn, bin lin k adjustment s iu chinh, s chinh ly administrative principle nguyn tc qun l adobe 1. st hong th, st loess (M), 2. gch khng nung adret sn hng dng adsorption s hp ph advance of glacier s tin sng bng advance of sea bin tin advanced countries cc nc tin tin advanced dune cn ct trc hng gi advanced economy kinh t tng trng advanced gas-cooled reactor, AGR l phn ng gaz lnh tng trng advanced sewage treatment x l cht thi tng trng advection bnh lu advection fog sng m bnh lu adventitious population dn s ngu nhin adventive crater ming ph ni la, ming sn ni la adyrs 1. hoang mc t xp, khng ct; 2. i nh aegirine (kv) aegirin aegirite (kv) aegirit aeolian do gi, phong thnh aeolian deposit trm tch do gi, trm tch phong thnh aeolian processes qu trnh do gi, qtr phong thnh aeration s thng gi aeration zone i thong kh aerial thuc v khng kh, thong kh, hng khng ~ arch np li ct nh (do inh b li ln khng kh v b bo ct), ~ fold np un l (trn mt t); ~ layering phn tng khng kh; ~ mapping o v bn hng khng; ~ photograph nh hng khng; ~ photographic mosaic s ghp nh hng khng; ~ photographic survey o v nh hng khng; ~ photography chp nh hng khng aeroallergens d ng khng kh aerobe sinh vt a kh aerobic a kh aerobic organism sinh vt a kh aeroclimatology mn kh hu cao khng aero-electric generation s pht in khng kh aerolite thin thch, tri aerological diagram biu cao khng aerology cao khng hc, mn kh tng cao khng aeronautic charts biu hng khng aeronomy cao khng hc, mn kh tng cao khng

-5aerophotographic map aerophotographic plan aerophotographic sketch aerophototopography aerophytes aerosol aerosphere aesthenosphere aesthetic landscape aestivation aetiology affershock affluent affluent society afflux afforestation Aftonian interglacial agaphite agate age dependency age group age of landscape age of relief age of tide age structure ageism agency agent orange age-sex pyramid agglomerate agglomeration agglomeration economies agglutination aggradation bn nh hng khng bnh nh hng khng s nh hng khng chp anh a hinh hng khng thc vt biu sinh sol kh kh quyn quyn mm cnh quan thm m s ng h ( ng vt) thuyt nguyn nhn, bnh hc nguyn nhn d chn ph lu (t dng. Xem tributary) x hi thnh vng, cng ng thnh vng s dn nc, lng nc n s trng rng gian bng Afton (u Pleistocen Bc M) agaphit agat, m no s ph thuc tui nhm tui tui cnh quan tui a hnh tui thu triu tui kin trc khinh lo tac dung, c quan, hang thng tn cht c mu da cam thp tui gii tnh aglomerat, kt t tch ng (s), tch t (s) kinh t tch ly s dnh kt s bi t, t bi, ph sa, s tng trng, bi t ~ island o bi t, ~ of cryolithozone s tng trng bng ngm; ~ of permafrost s tng trng bng vnh cu; ~ plain ng bng bi t; ~ shore b bi t, b tng trng; ~ soils t bi t; ~ terrace thm bi t ng bng bi t thung lng bi t sng bi t sui bi t khi tp, tp hp d liu tp hp m hnh du hnh trn gi magma xm nhp

aggraded plains aggraded valley aggrading river aggrading stream aggregate aggregate data aggregate travel model aggressive magma

-6aggressive water nc hot ho (c kh nng ho tan ln) aggressivity tnh nng n Agnatha C khng hm Agoniatitida Nhm khng gc ( lp Chn u) agrarian rung t (thuc) agribusiness kinh doanh nng nghip, kinh doanh rung t agricultural area vng nng nghip agricultural chain dy chuyn nng nghip agricultural chemical nng ho (thuc) agricultural climatology kh hu hc nng nghip agricultural density mt nng nghip agricultural economics kinh t nng nghip agricultural geography a l nng nghip agricultural pollution s nhim nng nghip agricultural revolution cch mng nng nghip agricultural sciences khoa hc nng nghip agricultural system h thng nng nghip agricultural waste cht thi nng nghip agriculture nng nghip agriculture region khu vc nng nghip agrobiotechnology cng ngh nng sinh agrochemical nng ho agroclimatic maps bn kh hu nng nghip agroclimatology kh hu hc nng nghip agrocoenosis qun h nng nghip, qun h nng nghip agro-ecological zoning phn vng sinh thi nng nghip agroecology sinh thi nng nghip agro-economic zone vng kinh t nng nghip agroforestry nng lm nghip agronomy nng hc agro-town th trn, thnh ph nng nghip A-horizon tng A, tng mn aid s vin tr AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency bnh AIDS, bnh SIDA, bnh lit khng Syndrome) aiguille mm nhn air khng kh air condittioning khng kh iu ho air current dng khng kh air frost khng kh sng gi air hole of ice cover l thng v bng air humidity m khng kh air mass khi khng kh air mass influx s trn khi khng kh air mass transformation s bin dng khi khng kh air navigation charts hi hng khng

-7air parcel air plankton air pollution air pollution control legislation air pollution index air pressure air quality standards air-sea interaction Akchaghylian alabaster alas Alaska current alaskite albedo Albian albite albitophyre alcove lands alert level aleurite aleuritic clay aleurolite Aleutian current Aleutian law Aleutian trench alexandrite Algae algal bu kin gi my bay ph du (sinh vt) khng kh nhim khng kh lut (php ch) kim tra nhim khng kh ch s nhim khng kh p sut khng kh tiu chun cht lng Khoa hc s tng tc khng kh-bin bc Akchaghyli (thuc Pliocen vng Caspi) alabast, thch cao tuyt hoa alas (trng karst m vng cn bc cc) dng Alaska alaskit albedo (t l phn x nng lng in t) ~ of the Earth albedo ca Tri t Albi (bc, k ca Creta h) albit albitophyr vng t nhp nh mc bo ng aleurit, bt () st bt bt kt, aleurolit dng Aleuti lut Aleuti mng Aleuti alexandrite (crysoberyl trong sut) To thuc v to ~ coal than to ~ limestone vi to; ~ reef m tiu to; ~ structure cu to to ( trm tch) ~ ~ ~ ~ dit to, cht dit to nui trng to To hc Algonki (phn v a tng Tin Cambri) thut ton loi ngoi lai ngoi lai ho ngun nui dng (ca sng), ngun nc (ca sng) cht kim, kim ~ feldsspar felspat kim; ~ soils t kim; ~ gabbro gabro kim; ~-calcic kim vi; ~-calc index ch s kim vi kim (thuc v) ~ basalt basalt kim; ~ lake h nc kim; ~ rock kim; ~ soils t kim; ~ water nc kim; ~ ~ h nc ph kim

algicide algoculture algology Algonkian algorithm alien species alienation alimentation (of river) alkali

alkaline

alkalitrophic lake

-8alkalitrophy Alleghanian orogeny Allen s rule Allerd allergy allites allitization allocation of resources allochorous plants allochthon, allochthone allochthonous allochthonous river allogenic allogenic river allotment allotrophic lake alluvial ph kim to ni Alleghan (trong Paleozoi mun, Bc M) quy tc Allen bng h Allerod ( Chu u, cch nay 13,5 nghn nm) d ng alit alit ho s nh v ti nguyn thc vt ngoi lai th ngoi lai ngoi lai sng ngoi lai tha sinh, khc ngun sng tha sinh, sng khc ngun s phn cng, s phn phi h d hnh thuc bi tch ~ chanel knh bi tch; ~ coast b bin bi t; ~ cone nn bi tch; ~ deposits bi tch; ~ fan qut bi tch, bi tch dng qut; ~ fan deposits bi tch dng qut; ~ mantle lp ph bi tch; ~ plains ng bng bi tch; ng bng ph sa; ~ river sng bi tch; ~ slope sn bi tch; ~ soils t ph sa; ~ terrace thm bi tch; ~ tin thic sa khong; ~ valley thung lng bi tch; ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ qu trnh bi tch bi tich, ph sa, aluvi almandit m hnh Alonso ngn ni, ng c sn ch s alpha ai to ni Alpi, ai to ni Alpi-Hymalaya ai ni hoang mc ni un np Alpi rng ni cao sng bng ni cao ng c ni to ni Alpi a hnh ni thm thc vt ni ai ni, i ni ai to ni Alpi-Hymalaya (=Alpid) dy ni Alps s bin hnh gc s bin i

alluviation alluvium almandite Alonso model alp alpha index Alpides alpine belt alpine desert Alpine folding alpine forest alpine glacier alpine meadow alpine orogeny alpine type of relief alpine vegetation alpine zone Alpine-Hymalayan Orogeny Belt Alps alteration of angles alterations

-9alternating current alternative dispute resolution alternative energy alternative technology altimeter altimetric frequency curve altimetry altiplanation altiplanation terraces altitude altitudinal dng xoay chiu gii php tranh lun lun phin nng lng lun phin cng ngh lun phin my o cao, cao k ng cong tn sut cao my o cao, cao k s san bng cao thm san bng cao cao theo cao ~ belt ai cao; ~ climatic zonality phn i kh hu theo cao; ~ landscape zone i cnh quan cao; ~ zonality of vegetation phn i thc vt theo cao; zone i cao; ~ zone of vegetation i thc vt theo cao altitudinal zonality phn i theo cao (ca thc vt) altocumulus my tch cao (M) Altonian stage Alton (bc, tng ca Miocen h Nam Thi Bnh Dng) altostratus my tng (cao) aluminium ores qung nhm aluminium sulphate sunfat nhm alumosilicates silicat nhm, aluminosilicat alunite alunit aluviation qu trnh bi tch Amazon rainforest rng ma nhit i Amazon amber h phch ambience mi trng, bi cnh ambient thuc xung quanh, bi cnh ambient air khng kh xung quanh ambient air quality standards (AAQS) tiu chun cht lng bi cnh khng kh ambient noise khng kh n o ambient quality standards tiu chun cht lng mi trng amenity tin nghi, th vui amenity conservation bo tn tin nghi amensalism khng sinh n antibiosis amethyst thch anh tm, amethyst amictic lake h bng vnh cu Ammonites Cc , Cc thch, Amonit Amphibians Lng c Amphibious organisms sing vt lng c amphibious plants cy lng c amphiboles amphibol (kv) amphibolite amphibolit () amphidromic point (= nodal point) im khng thu triu amphiphytes thc vt lng c

-10amplitude amygdaloidal structure amygdaloids anabolism anabranching channel anadromous fish anaerobe anaerobic anaerobic organism anaerobic respiration anaglyphic maps analcime analcite analogue model analysis of variance analytic maps anastomosing anastomosing river anastomosis anatexis anchor ice anchor tenant anchored dunes ancient forest ancient glacial spilways ancient glaciation ancient plalform ancient rigid mass ancient shoreline ancillary linkage Andean folding andesite andesite line andosols andradite anechoic chamber anemochores anemochorous plants anemometer Angiospermes angle of dilation angle of dip angle of repose angle of rest angular distortion angular fold bin cu trc hnh nhn hnh nhn ng ho, s ng ho dng phn nhnh nhng nht c ngc sng vi sinh k kh k kh sinh vt k kh h hp k kh bn hnh ni analcim (kv nhm zeolit); n analcite analcit m hnh tng t phn tch bin d bn phn tch phn nhnh nhng nht sng phn nhnh nhng nht s phn nhnh nhng nht s ti nng chy bng xp neo, bng xp y, bng xp di nc tm neo cn ct n nh, cn ct c nh rng c bng trn c bng h c nn c khi cng c xa ng b c kt ni l thuc un np Andes andesit ranh gii andesit andosol (t c ngun gc t vt liu ni la) andradit phng v vng (khng ting vng) pht tn do gi cy pht tn do gi phong k Ht kn (thc vt) gc gin n gc cm gc ngh gc ngh s bin dng gc chiu un np gc

-11angular momentum angular unconformity anhydrite animal welfare anion Anisian Annelids annual annual amplitude annual flow Annual International Conferences on Environmentally Sustainable Development annual march annual plant annular drainage anomaly anomie anorthite anorthosite anoxia Antarctic ng lng gc, xung lng gc bt chnh hp gc, khng chnh hp gc anhydrit s bo v ng vt anion Anisi (bc, k ca Trias) giun t hng nm bin hng nm lu lng hng nm Hi tho Quc t thng nin v pht trin bn vng mi trng s tin trin hng nm cy thng nin s kh hn hng nm d thng v t chc anorthit anorthosit s thiu oxy Nam cc ~ air khng kh Nam cc; ~ air mass khi khng kh Nam cc; ~ anticyclone xoy nghch Nam cc; ~ belt ai Nam cc; ~ circle vnh ai Nam cc; ~ climatic kh hu Nam cc; ~ Continent lc a Nam cc; ~ desert zone i hoang mc Nam cc; ~ faunistic region khu vc ng vt Nam cc; ~ floristic kingdom gii thc vt Nam cc; ~ front frng Nam cc; ~ high cao Nam cc; ~ meteorology kh tng Nam cc; ~ oases c o Nam cc; ~ plate mng Nam cc;~ Regions khu vc Nam cc; ~ zone i Nam cc Chu Nam cc tin t, c trc, xa kia, thu xa, trc y s kh hn thu xa mng sng trc y thung lng c trc vng nn anthracit, than gy bnh than qun h nhn hc thuc v qun h ngi pht tn nhn sinh cy pht tn nhn sinh (do ngi) Nhn sinh nhn sinh (thuc v) ~ factors yu t nhn sinh; ~ landscape cnh quan

Antarctica antecedent antecedent drainage antecedent river network antecedent valley anteclise anthracite anthrax anthropocenology anthropocentric anthropochores anthropochorous plants Anthropogene anthropogenic

-12nhn sinh; ~ load trch nhim con ngi; ~ pollution nhim nhn sinh; ~ relief a hnh nhn sinh; ~ soils t nhn sinh; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a mo nhn sinh khu bo tn nhn sinh Nhn sinh hc, Nhn chng hc Nhn quyn, quyn ngi khng sinh khng th nh np li, nh np vng thung lng np li np li, np vng phc np li pht inh xoy nghch xoy nghch xoy nghch (thuc v) ~ current dng xoy nghch; ~ eddy xoy lc nghch; ~ gloom ti xm xoy nghch; ~ vortex gi xoy nghch cu trc vng, dng un dng thun (cu trc vng o, lm o, khi trt t a tng cha xc nh) gi np vng antimonit gi ma nghch hn ch sinh (ch trng), sinh c k hoch im i sng (ni bin ln nht, tc ngang b nht) vng li i cc im i cc gi i mu dch dng i mu dch phi th chng tng rung ng my dng e dng e ch ngha aparthai, nn pbn bit chng tc Nam Phi apatit nh np un kin trc n tinh im vin nht khu vc thiu nh sng, khu vc ti i thiu nh sng, i ti kin trc phi tinh i khng c thc vt aplit, im vin a th nhnh ( xm nhp), vt bm c ( Cu gai) thc vt a bng rm

anthropogeomorphology anthropological reserves anthropology anthroposphere antibiotic antibody anticlinal ridge anticlinal valley anticline anticlinorium anticyclogenesic anticyclone anticyclonic

antiform antiformal syneclise antimonite antimosson anti-natalist antinodes antipodal bulge antipodes = antipodal point antitrades antitriptic current anti-urbanism anti-vibration mounting anvil cloud anvil shape apartheid apatite apex of fold aphanitic texture aphelion aphotic region aphotic zone aphyric texture aphytal zone aplite apogee apophysis apophytes

-13apophytic plants appearance of maps applied climatology applied geomorphology applied meteorology appraisal well appraisive image appropriate technology apron Apsheronian Apsheronian basin Aptian aquaculture aquamarine aquatic cy a bng rm biu kin bn kh hu hc ng dng kh mo hc ng dng kh tng hc ng dng khoan nh gi hnh nh nh gi cng ngh tng thch tng ngn nc si Apsheron (bc, k ca Pliocen - Pleistocen Cn Caspi) bn Apsheron Apti (bc, k ca Creta h) nui trng thu sn aquamarin, ngc xanh bin thu sinh, di nc ~ complex khu lin hp th thao di nc; ~ ecosystem h sinh thi nc; ~ plants cy thu sinh; ~ weeds c nc, c thu sinh lp cch nc yu nui trng thu sn tng (lp) cha nc vng cha nc ti sinh phc h cha nc Aquitan (bc, k ca Neogen) lp bn thm mng Arabia nng tri trng trt t trng lp Nhn aragonit hnh chiu phng chng lp, tng thn g ngh trng cy vm Arkei, Thi c Chn c, Archaeocyathid Chim thu t un np Arkei dy ni dng cung, vng cung ni vn ho kho c thc vt c Archeosaurus, thn ln c qun o m hc kin trc Bc cc thuc v bc cc

aquiclude aquiculture aquifer aquifer recharge area aquiferous complex Aquitanian aquitard Arabian plate arable farming arable land Arachnoids aragonite arbitrare projections arborescent stratum arboriculture arch Archaean Archaeocyathids Archaeopterix archean foldings arched mountains archeological culture archeophytes Archeosaurs archipelago architectural acoustics Arctic arctic

-14~ air khng kh Bc cc; ~ belt ai Bc cc; ~ climate kh hu Bc cc; ~ desert zone i hoang mc Bc cc; ~ faunistic region khu h ng vt Bc cc; ~ front frng Bc cc; ~ Arctic high cao Bc cc; ~ soils t Bc cc; ~ tundra i nguyn Bc cc; ~ prairie ng c bc cc ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ khi kh Bc cc sng m Bc cc kh tng hc Bc cc khi bin Bc cc khi Bc cc tam gic chu dng cung vng bin dng vng s phn d vng cha ct, thuc v ct Arenig (bc, k ca Ordovic) sn phun mn hc v tng bnh lu v i lu qung bc argentit st (thuc) argilit, st kt argilit ho kh hn, kh cn ~ climate kh hu kh hn; ~ cycle chu k kh hn; ~ desert hoang mc kh cn; ~ desert with clay soil hoang mc kh cn t st; ~ landforms a hnh kh cn; ~ landscape cnh quan kh cn; ~ soils t kh cn; ~ zone i kh cn t kh cn s kh cn trung bnh s hc t l s hc arkos nhnh dng chy, sui nhnh to ni Armorica [c. nay l Varisi = Herciny) a hnh v bc s sp xp tng lp mi tn knh, lch arsen, thch tn u c arsen, u c thch tn bc arsen arsenopyrit bn nc phun, bn artesi

Arctic air masses arctic haze Arctic meteorology Arctic sea smoke arctic smoke arcuate delta area area distortion areal differentiation arenaceous Arenigian areography areology argentiferous ores argentite argillaceous argillite argillization arid

aridisol aridity arithmetic mean arithmetic scale arkose arm Armorican Orogeny armoured landforms arrangement of strata arrow arroyo arsenic arsenic poisoning arsenical red silver arsenopyrite artesian basin

-15artesian water nc ging phun artesian well ging nc phun Arthropods ngnh Chn t artificial rain ma nhn to artificial recharge b cp nhn to, np nhn to artificial reef m tiu nhn to Artinskian Artinski (bc, k ca Permi) Arytic anticyclone xoy nghch Arytic asbestinite asbestinit asbestos asbest, aminant asbolane asbolit, asbolan asbolite asbolan, asbolit ascending development of relief a hnh pht trin nng ASEAN ASEAN, Hip hi cc nc ng Nam ash tro ash cone nn tro ash fall ma tro ash flow dng tro Ashgillian Ashgilli (bc, k ca Ordovic) Asian Tigers Tigers Chu (chi nhnh ca hng Tigers) Asian-Pacific Seminar on Climate Hi tho Chu -Thi Bnh Dng v thay i kh hu Change Asiatic (summer) low-pressure region Vng p thp (ma h) Chu Asiatic (winter) anticyclone gi xoy nghch (ma ng) Chu Asiatic mode of production kiu sn xut Chu aspect dng, quang cnh aspen forest rng dng l rung asphalt nha ng, hc n Asselian Asseli (bc, k ca Permi) assemblage phc h (ho thch, ) assemblage zone i phc h (c sinh) assembly costs gi trn gi asset ti sn, vn qu assimilation s ng ho assimilative capacity kh nng ng ho assisted area vng tr gip associated number s lin i association hi, cng ty; s lin kt; qun hp (sv); t hp () association coefficient h s tp hp association complex phc h tp hp Association of South-East Asian ASEAN, Hip hi cc nc ng Nam Nations (ASEAN) association, plant association qun hp thc vt, qun hp cy ci Assyntic folding un np Assynti (cui Tin Cambri) astatic phim nh astatic lake h phim nh, h khng hng

-16asteroid asthenosphere Astian astrobleme astronomical coordinates astronorny asylum migration asylum seekers asymmetrical fold asymmetrical valley asymmetry asymmetry of relief Atlantic Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Period Atlantic type of coast Atlantic-type coast atlases atlases of social geography atmometer atmosphere atmosphere extinction atmosphere refraction atmospheric hnh sao, tiu hnh tinh quyn mm Asti (bc, k ca Neogen) so v tr to v tr v tr hc di tr tm c tr np un khng i xng thung lng khng i xng tinh khng i xng a hnh khng i xng thi k i Ty Dng, thi k Atlantic (8000 5000 nm trc, sau thi k Boreal v trc thi k Subboreal) i Ty Dng thi k i Ty Dng, thi k Atlantic kiu b bin i Ty Dng kiu b bin i Ty Dng b bn , atlas b bn a l x hi kh k, thit b o hi kh quyn s hu dit kh quyn s khc x kh quyn thuc v kh quyn ~ absorbing hp th kh quyn; ~ absorption s hp th kh quyn; ~ aerosols sol kh quyn; ~ boundary layer tng ranh gii kh quyn; ~ cells khoang kh quyn; ~ heat engine ng c kh nhit; ~ humidity m khng kh; ~ moisture kh m khng kh; ~ perturbations s nhiu lon kh quyn; ~ pollution s nhim kh quyn; ~ pressure p sut kh quyn; ~ radiation bc x kh quyn; ~ science khoa hc kh quyn; ~ stratification s phn tng kh quyn; ~ turbidity c kh quyn; ~ turbulence cun xoy kh quyn; ~ water nc kh quyn o vng san h thi gian nguyn t thuyt nguyn t kinh t nguyn t nc lin kt th nhng o cn k s thay i nhit , nhit bin s suy gim gii hn Atterberg dng dp, thi

atoll atomic time atomism atomistic economy attached ground water attached island attemperation attenuation Atterberg limits attitude

-17attribute attrition audio frequency audiogram audiometer augen texture augite aulacogene aureole auripigmentum Aurora Borealis aurora polaris Australian faunistic region Australian floristic kingdom. Australian low-pressure region Australopithecuses autecology = autoecology authigenic minerals authigenous minerals autochores autochorous plants autochthone autochthonous autochthonous river autochthons autogenic succession automation autonomous activity autonomy autopurification in sea autosuspension autotroph autotrophe autotrophic lake autotrophism autotrophs autumn autumnal equinox auxiliary countourlines avalanche avalanche chute avalanche cone avalanche lake avalanche track avalanche wind aven thuc tnh s c mn tn s nghe th nghe thinh lc k kin trc dng mt augit aulacogen, mng qung, ho quang auripigmen, th hong bnh minh phng bc bnh minh cc khu vc ng vt Australia thc vt Australia vng p thp Australia Australopithec, ngi c Australia sinh thi hc c th, loi khong vt ti sinh khong vt ti sinh t pht tn cy t pht tn nguyn a, ti ch thuc nguyn a sng nguyn a th nguyn a dy t sinh s t ng ho; k thut t ng hot ng t tr khu t tr, quyn t tr s t tinh khit trong bin, s t lm sch trong bin s t vn c sinh vt t dng t dng h tt dng t dng sinh vt t dng ma thu im thu phn ng vin ph tr khi l (tuyt, t, bi, ct v.v) thc (dung nham) ng trt l nn l tch h l vt l gi l (do s l gy nn) ming ging m, hang ng ging (hang ng thng ng)

-18average average individual risk avulsion awareness space axial belt axial plane axis axis of channel axis of the celestial sphere azimuth azimuthal projections azimuthal unconformity azonal azonal soil azonal vegetation azonality Azores anticyclone Azores high trung bnh ri ro c nhn trung bnh st l t (do dng chy mnh, do sng bin) khng gian nhn bit ai trc mt trc trc trc knh, trc dng trc thin cu phng v hnh chiu phng v bt chnh hp phng v phi a i t phi a i thc vt phi a i tnh cht phi a i xoy nghch Azore cao Azore

B
(khong 550 mc t) Blling back arc back arc basin back beach back radiation back reef back slope back swamp back wearing background background content background level background radiation backing wind backland backlimb backshore backswamp backwall = headwall backward erosion backward linkage backwash = backrush backwater gian bng Boling ( Ty u, cch nay 12 500 nm) cung sau bn sau cung bi sau, bi cao n: b sau bc x ngc s n: counter radation vng sau m tiu sn sau m sau bo mn li nn, phng hm lng nn mc nn bc x nn gi i hng ngc (ngc chiu kim ng h) hu a, ni a (di t pha sau sng) cnh thoi np vng b sau, n: bi sau, bi cao m sau vch u thung lng bo mn git li lin kt ngc sng (bin) phn b nc xoy ngc, vng nc t ven b

-19backwater area backwater curve backwater effect backwearing backwoods bacteria bactericide bacteriostatic Bactrites bad lands badland badlands Baer's law bag filter baguio Baikalian folding Baikalian orogeny bajada (bahada) bajada n bahada bajirs Bajocian Baku Baku basin balance of natural balance of payments balance of trade balance rate balanced growth balanced neighbourhood balaneed rock bald mountain balka balka-relief ball vng nc xoy ngc ng cong nc xoy ngc hiu ng sng xoy ngc bo mn git li rng su vi khun thuc dit khun, thuc st trng kim ch khun Bactrites (dng Chn u c, v thng) cs vng t xu t xu vng t xu nh lut Baer ti lc baguio (xoy thun Philipin) l un np Baikal (cui Tin Cambri) c to ni Baikal (cui Tin Cambri) c ng bng l tch chn sn c ng bng l tch chn ni c bajir, h ct y ( Trung ) c, l Bajoc (bc, k ca Jura trung) c Baku l bn Baku c cn bng t nhin l cn bng thanh ton l cn bng thng mi tc , t l cn bng (gia ti mn v tch t) c tng trng cn bng cn k thng bng treo c ni trc c g ranh gii c, l a hnh g l dng cu, kt hch c b. clay st dng cu; b. coal than cc; b. structure cu trc cu; b. ice bng cu; b. ironstone qung st kt hch kt hch dng cu c h bng Baltic l st phn di c phn di c b, , g, cn, gng l c bo mn b c tch lu ngn hng l lu lng trn b c, l mc nc trn b c my c, my dng c l

ballstone Baltic Ice Lake band clay banding bank bank erosion bank storage bankfull discharge bankfull stage banner cloud

-20bar bar diagram Barcelona Convention barchan barchan chains barchans bare karst barkhan ridges barkhanes barocline baroclinic baroclinity barogradient current barometer barometric depression barometric gradient barometric pressure barometric tendency barometry baromytric trough barotropic barotropy barrage barranco Barremian barrier barrier basin barrier beach barrier chain barrier effect barrier ice barrier island barrier lake barrier reef barrow baryte barytite basal bar (n v p sut) l biu p sut l tho c Barcelona barkhan, cn ct li lim ( Trung ) c dy cn ct li lim c vng cn ct li lim c karst rng c g barkhan, g cn ct li lim c vng cn ct li lim c khuynh p, p nghing (hi dng) l thuc khuynh p, thuc p nghing (hi dng) l tnh cht khuynh p, tnh cht p nghing l dng nghing kh p l phong v biu, kh p k l s h kh p l gradient kh p l kh p, p sut khh quyn l xu th kh p l php o kh p l vung ap thp l p hng l tnh p hng l p nc hm ni, vch c Barremi (bc, k ca Creta) c chn, g chn bn chn c bi chn c, l dy o chn c, l hiu ng chn c, l bng chn c, l o ct chn c, l h chn c, l m tiu chn c i, g, bi thi c barit kv barytit kv thuc v y, c s, c bn b. complex phc h c s kv; b. concavity mt lm c s kv; b. conglomerate cui kt y kv, cui kt c s; b. energy requirement nhu cu nng lng c bn l; b. sapping bo mn chn vch, xm thc y c, l; b. sliding trt y ( sng bng) c, l; b. slipping trt y ( sng bng) c, l; b. species loi c ssv, l; b. surface of weathering mt c s phong ho c, l; b. shear stress b. ng sut ct y ( sng bng) c, l; b. zone of mountains vng c s ca dy ni c, l

-21basalt basaltic glass basaltic jointing basaltic layer of the Earth's crust base basalt, bazan c thu tinh bazan, sideromelan c khe nt bazan, th nt bazan c v bazan, v i dng c nn, gc, y, c s b. flow dng c s (ca sng) c; b. level mc c s c; b. level of denudation mc bc mn c s c; b. level of erosion c; b. of bed y lp c; b. year nm c s l ng c s l d liu ng c s l mng c phc h mng c np un mng c Bashkiri (bc, k ca Permi) thuc gc, y, c s; thuc baz, thuc mafic (magma) b. activity hot ng c s l; b. industry cng nghip c s l; b. lava dung nham mafic c; b. magma magma mafic; b. rock mafic c; b. workers cng nhn c bn, ngi lao ng c bn l; b. ratio t l c bn lu vc, bn, b b. area vng lu vc l; disslution b. bn ra la l, c; b.facies tng bn; b. karst bn karst l, c; b. landsape cnh quan bn l; b. of volcanic origin bn ngun ni la l, c cu trc i v bn (a hnh) l, c bn khng dng thot l, c l, im l (t c)c bastit (kv mt dng olivine) th nn, batholit c Bathon (bc v k ca Jura trung) c bin su c trm tch bin su i bin su c my o su bn y bin c, l bn y bin c, l ng ng su c, l php o su bc, d nghing; st nho dnh c tri g cng nghip bauxit c vnh c, l chn vnh c, l u vnh c, l ngm u vnh c, l chn u vnh

base line, baseline baseline data basement basement complex basement fold Bashkirian basic

basin

basin-range structure basins without out flow basset bastite batholith Bathonian bathyal bathyal deposits bathyal zone bathymeter bathymetrial maps bathymetric charts bathymetric curve bathymetry batter battery farming bauxite bay bay bar bayhead bay-head bar bay-head barrier

-22bay-head beach bayou lake bazaar economy beach beach and dunal system beach barrier beach cusps beach forest beach grass beach rock, beach-rock beach-ridge beaded drainage beaded esker beaded lakes beaded valley Beaufort number Beaufort scale bed bed load bed of glacier bedded structure bedding bedding alluvium bedding plane bedding surface bed-floor roughness bedforms bedrock bedrock coast bedrock fracture behaviour behavioural environment behavioural geography behavioural model beheaded valley beheading of river Belemnites belt bi u vnh c, l h sng nhnh kinh t tiu thng bi bin bi bin v h n ct b chn bi nh bi bin, nh bi bin rng bi bin c bi bin bi bin g bi bin mng chui thot nc g chui ngon ngoo h chui thung lng chui s Beaufort t l Beaufort lng sng, y sng h, lp, va trm tch y y bng cu trc phn lp c, l phn lp ph sa phn lp mt phn lp b mt phn lp y lp g gh dng phn lp gc c b gc t gy gc c hnh vi, tp tnh tp tnh mi trng a l tp tnh m hnh tp tnh thung lng ct sng ot dng Belemnit, Tin thch cs ai, i b. of cementation i gn kt, ai gn kt c; b. of equatorial calms i xch o lng gi l; b. exatropical belt ngoi nhit i l; radiation b. ai, i bc x l to ni Belti (cui Tin Cambri Bc M) c thm, bc (l); tp, va c mc cao mc cao

Beltian orogeny bench bench mark benchmark

-23beneficial use beneficiation Benguela current Benioff zone benthic benthic region benthon benthonic benthos bentonite bentonite clay Bergeron-Findeisen theory Bergman s rule bergschrund berisite berm Berriassian beryl beryllium ores beta index betterment migration bevelled cliff B-horizon bias Biber cold period bid-rent theory biennial plants bifurcation ratio bight bilateral binarite binary distribution binodal seiche binomial distribution bioaccumulated limestones bioaccumulation biocentric biochemical biochemical oxidation biochemical oxygen demand biochore biocide bioclimatology biocoenology biocoenose, biocoenosis biocycle s dng sinh li phc li, phc li ho dng Benguela i Benioff c thuc y (bin, h) vng y sinh vt y thuc sinh vt y sinh vt y bentonit c st bentonit l thuyt Bergeron-Findeisen quy lut Bergman khoang rng (trong bng tuyt Alps) berisit kv b thm trn mt nc bc, k Berias (thuc k, h Creta) c beryl kv qung beryl c ch s beta s di c ci thin vch nghing tng B (th nhng) nghing, ng cho thi k lnh theo kinh thnh l thuyt thu thu cy lng nin, cy hai nm t l phn nhnh i vng, vnh nhoe, ch un sng hai bn, hai pha binarit kv phn b nh phn dao ng lng k (mc nc h) phn b nh thc vi sinh vt trm tch sinh vt trung khu sinh hc thuc sinh ho s oxy ho sinh ho nhu cu oxy sinh ho vng phn b sinh vt bioxit kh hu sinh hc qun h sinh vt hc qun h sinh vt chu k sinh hc

-24biodegradable biodegradable pollutant biodiversity Biodiversity Awareness Strategy bioegineering bioenergy biofacies biofilter biofuel biogas biogenic biogenic limestones biogenic meromixis biogenic rocks biogenic sedimients biogeochemical cycle biogeochemistry biogeocoenology biogeocoenosis biogeographic zone biogeographical regions biogeographical subregion biogeographical unit biogeography biogeozone bioherm biohistory biohorizon bioindicator biolithes biological activity of soils biological agriculture biological amplification biological clock biological community biological control biological conversion biological cycle biological diversity biological evolution biological factors biological monitoring biological oxygen demand (BOD) biological pest control biological pesticide biological pollution kh nng thoi ho sinh hc cht nhim thoi ho sinh hc a dng sinh hc Chnh sch v a dng sinh hc cng ngh sinh hc nng lng sinh hc sinh tng c b lc sinh hc nhin liu sinh hc kh sinh hc thuc ngun gc sinh hc vi sinh vt c s hn hng sinh hc (trong cc h nc khng trn u) sinh hc c trm tch sinh vt c chu k sinh a ho c sinh a ho hc c qun h sinh a hc qun h sinh a i a l sinh vt vng a l sinh vt ph vng a l sinh vt n v a l sinh vt mn a l sinh vt; a sinh hc i sinh a rn sinh vt; m tiu sinh vt lch s sinh vt sinh tng c ch th sinh hc sinh vt c hot ng sinh hc ca t nng nghip sinh hc; nng sinh khuych i sinh hc ng h sinh hc tp on sinh vt, qun hp sinh vt khng ch sinh hc, kim sot sinh hc s chuyn bin sinh hc chu k sinh hc s a dng sinh hc tin ho sinh vt nhn t sinh hc qun l sinh hc nhu cu oxy sinh hc kim tra c hi sinh hc dit trng sinh hc nhim sinh hc

-25biological production biological productivity biological remediation biological resource biological shield biological weathering biological weed control biology bioluminescence biomass biomass energy biomass fuel biome biometeorology biomonitor bioprocess bioregion biosphere biosphere reserve biostimulants biostratigraphy biostrome biota biotechnology biotic biotic element biotic erivironment biotic factor biotic index biotic potential biotic pyramid biotite biotope bioturbation biotype bipolar distribution bi-polar test bird colony birth control birth rate bismuthinite bitumens bituminous coal black body black box black cloud sn xut sinh hc; sn lng sinh hc nng sut sinh hc iu tr sinh hc ti nguyn sinh hc sinh b phong ho sinh hc kim tra c di sinh hc sinh vt hc s pht quang sinh hc sinh khi nng lng sinh khi nhin liu sinh khi qun x sinh vt kh tng sinh hc gim st sinh hc qu trnh sinh hc, quy trnh sinh hc khu vc sinh vt sinh quyn khu bo tn sinh quyn cht kch thch sinh hc sinh a tng c biostrom, tng th xc khu sinh vt cng ngh sinh hc thuc sinh vt, thuc sinh hc yu t sinh hc mi trng sinh hc nhn t sinh hc ch s sinh hc tim nng sinh hc thp sinh hc biotit kv sinh cnh, mi trng sinh hc xo trn sinh hc kiu sinh hc phn b lng cc kim tra lng cc qun th chim kim sot sinh t l sinh bismuthinit kv bitum c than bitum h en hp en my en

-26black coal black earth black mica black storm blanket bog blast blast of gas Blastoids blight blind drainage basin blind lake blind valley blizzard bloc block block diagram block disintegration block faulting block folding block folds block lava block mountain block of ice block sea = block-fields block stream = boulder field block structure block-fields = block sea blocking blocking action block-mountains Blockschollen flow block-stripes blood rain bloom blowhole blown sand blow-out blue green algae blue ooze blue-collar worker bluff board channel = back-reef moat BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) bodden coasts boehmite bog than en t en mica en = biotit kv bo en ( Trung ) m ly rng lung hi, lung kh, s n, s phun tro s phun kh (ni la) Blastoid (lp N bin, ngnh Da gai) cs bnh tn ri cy, rp vng, khng kh m sng, tai ho bn thot nc n h n thung lng n bo tuyt khi, bloc khi, bloc s khi s phn hu khi t gy khi tng c un np dng khi c np un dng khi c dung nham khi c khi ni bng khi trng , bin trng tng cu trc dng khi trng , bin vt chn, ngn chn hot ng cn tr khi ni dng Blockschollen (trong sng bng) di th rng ma mu s ra hoa, s n hoa ng thng hi, ch r (kim loai), bt (thu tinh) ct phong thnh h, hc thi mn to xanh lc bn xanh cng nhn lao ng n gin, ngi lao ng chn tay dc ng, b treo eo bin sau m tiu nhu cu oxy sinh ho b vnh nng boehmit kv m ly, bi ly

-27bog landscape bog soils bogaz (= solution corridor) bolide bolsoms bone bed bone breccia boom bora border border lakes border moraine border mountains border plain of tropical karst borderland bore Boreal boreal boreal coniferous forest boreal forest boreal transgression borehole boreoatlantic faunistic region boreopacific faunistic region boring bornhardt bornite borrow area borrow pit Bserup model Boserups theory bosky landscape boss botany bottom cnh quan m ly t ly hnh lang ho tan (trong hang karst) sao bng long cho (c i bao bc) lp xng ho thch dm xng bng pht, ro g ca sng gi bora (gi lnh ng bc ng bin Adriatic) ranh gii, ng bin h bin, h ra bng tch ra sn h ra ng bng ra ca karst nhit di vng bin gii, i ven ra s khoan, l khoan thi k Boreal, thi k bc (10.000 - 8000 nm trc) phng bc, min bc rng thng phng bc rng phng bc bin tin bc l khoan khu vc ng vt bc i Ty Dng khu vc ng vt bc Thi Bnh Dng vic khoan, l khoan, mn khoan nh ni st bornit kv vng t mn h o th t mn m hnh Boserup l thuyt Boserup cnh quan rm rp i trn l, th vm, th bu c thc vt hc y; vng t thp l b. bed-load trm tch y sng; b. current dng chy y; b. flow dng y; b. ice bng y; b. sediments trm tch y; b. meadow ng c thp y lp, y va vng t thp y thung lng bng tch y trm tch y cu to khc di c tng, tng ln b. clay st tng; b.conglomertae tng kt; b. erratic

bottom of bed bottomland = bottom bottomland of a valley bottom-moraine bottomset beds boudinage boulder

-28 tng ln lang thang; b. gravel tng ln b ri; b. pavement thm tng trng tng ct tng ranh gii, a gii, bin ra b. layer lp bin l; b. condition iu kin bin; b. of saturation ranh gii bo ho; b. stratotype chun ca phn v a tng b. wave sng mt ca a chn sui nh, ranh gii t l Bowen np un hnh hp BP Cng ty Du m Anh Tay cun sv, cs np li (np vng) ngn np un ngn np un lm ngn np lm ngn nc l ph nc l g chn nhng nht dng chy nhng nht, knh nhng nht sng phn nhnh nhng nht sui phn nhnh nhng nht cnh, nhnh cy phn nhnh Hi ng (U ban) Brandt bng v vn dng Brazil np li ct t on, s gin on trm tch sn ni gin on im gin don im doi ct gin on t gy chm nghch bin dng sng v b, my nghin i sng v b im sng tan s v bng sng v b s nt v ca bng dm kt gi nh, gi brize gian cch Briansk t gch ngi im bc cu

boulder field = block stream boulder sand boundary

bourn Bowen ratio box-fold BP (= British Petroleum) Brachiopod brachyanticline brachy-fold brachysynelinal fold brachysyneline brackish brackish lagoon braid bars braided channel braided river braided stream branch branch plant Brandt Commission brash ice Brazil current breached (denuded) anticline break break in sedimentation break of slope break point break point bar break thrust breaker breakers zone breaking point breaking up of ice breaking wave = breaker breakup breccia breeze Briansk interval brickearth bridging-point

-29bright white cobalt brine broad-leaved forest broad-leaved forest zones broken bedding broken erosion cycle broken fold broken ice broken-stone Bronze Age brook brown (forest) soil brown algae brown coa1 brown earths brown forest soils brown iron crust of desert brown iron ore brown semidesert soils brownfield site Brckners periods Brundtland Comimission Brundtland commission; world commission on environment and development Bryophytas Bryozoan buffer zone buffer zone management bug hole builder and user costs built environment built-up area buller bunter sandstone Burdigalian buried ice buried relief buried soils burn bush bush fallowing bush hummocks bush savannah bush savannah thorn land coban sng trng nc bin, nc mui rng l rng i rng l rng s phn lp t on chu k xi mn t on un np t on bng vn vn, dm thi k ng sui t nu (ca rng) to nu than nu t nu (ca rng) t nu (ca rng) v st nu hoang mc qung st nu t nu bn hoang mc a im trng nu thi k (chu k) Brckner (32-35 nm) U ban (Hi ng) Brundtland U ban Mi trng v Pht trin Thc vt ru Ru ng vt i m qun l i m , hc chi ph thu v chi ph s dng mi trng xy dng khu vc nh ca san st l thng gi ngm Ct kt sc sc (tng ng thng Trias h c Buntsandstein) bc, k Burdigali ca Miocen h (sm) bng chn vi, bng ngm a hnh chn vi t chn vi t, t chy, thiu, thp, nung cy bi, bi rm ni hoang ho cy bi g, i cy bi savan cy bi t savan cy bi gai

-30business climate business cycle business park butte Buys Ballot s law bypass volcanic blast khng kh kinh doanh chu k kinh doanh cng vin kinh doanh g, i st quy lut Ballot (trong kh tng) l vng, l trnh m s phun kh ni la

C
(1190 mc t) caatinga cacareous soils cadastre Cadomian folding caatinga (rng nhit i kh Nam M) t vi c in hot ng un np Cadom gii, i Kainozoi, Tn sinh thp (lm mc) bng tng bc, k Calabri (thuc t) bin tin Calabri calamin kv Calamites cs cha vi cy a vi, cy mc trn vi calci ho k vi (cy ci) chu k calci kt vn vi caldera, trng ming ni la h trng ming ni la, h caldera calcarenit c cha vi tuf vi tuf vi un np Caledoni Caledonid calcedon, chalcedon kv tuf cha vi anorthit, calciclas kv k vi (thc vt) k t vi (thc vt) calciphyr c calcit felspat calci lch, sp xp theo thi gian

Cainozoic = Coenozoic
cairn cake ice Calabrian Calabrian transgression calamine calamites calcareous calcicole calcification calcifuge calcium cycle calcrete caldera caldera lake calcarenite calcareous rocks calcareous sinter calcareous tufa Caledonian folding Caledonides calcedony calcereous tuff calciclase calcifuges calciphobes calciphyre calcite calcium feldspar calendar

-31calibration caliche Caledonian Orogeny s iu chnh, s nh c sanpet, lp t giu vi, kt t ca vi, si, ct to ni Caledon dng California callainit kv (phosphat nhm ngm nc) s sp , s st l c. basin bn st; c. breccia dm kt st l; c. candera candera st ; c. depressiion trng st l; c. fault t gy st l bc, k Callovi (thuc Jura tng) trng thi yn lng; phin st mm s tch, s v nh s tch v bng cu trc vm h, k Cambri bc, k Campan (thuc Creta thng) campos (savan c cy g v cy bi vng Amazon) thng, th Canadi Bc M (Ordovic h) khien Canada knh, mng dng Canari mng doi ct than nn hm ni, hm vc mi hm ni, hm vc kh nng chu ng kh nng, dung lng, cng sut mi t h thc vt Mi Ho vng mao dn, mao qun hot ng mao dn mao dn dim nc mao dn i mao dn chnh yu, c bn thit b c bn ti sn c bn ch ngha t bn ck ca sng, lp ph vm m du, vm m mui s ot dng, cp dng (sng, sui) bc, k Caradoc (Ordovic h) carbonat, carbonat chu k carbon nh tui bng phng php carbon

California current
callainite collapse

Callovian calm calving calving of glacier cambering Cambrian

Campanian
campos Canadian Canadian shield canal Canaries current cancelate sand ridges cannel = cannel coal canon canopy canyon capability constraint capacity cape Cape floristic region capillary capillary action capillary fringe capillary water capillary zone capital capital equipment capital goods capitalism cap-rock capture Caradocian carbonate carbon cycle carbon dating

-32carbon dioxide carbon monoxide carbon tax carbon-14 dating carbonaceous shale carbonado carbonate horizon carbonate soils carbonation = carbonatization carbonatite Carboniferous carbonification carbonization carcinogentic compounds cardinal points Carelian carnallite Carnian carnivore carnivorous animals Carpoides Carpozoans carrier industries carrying capacity carrying capacity of river carrying power of river cartel cartogram cartographic grid cartographic projections cartographic representations cartographic works cartography cartology cartometry cascade cascading systems case hardening cash crop; cash cropping cassiterite caste catabolism cataclasite cataclasitic dioxit carbon oxit carbon thu carbon nh tui bng carbon14 phin st than carbonado, kim cng en tng carbonat t carbonat carbonat ho carbonatit kv k, h Carbon s ho than s carbon ho hp cht gy ung th bn phng ca la bn (ng, ty, nam, bc) dn tc Careli ( vng Careli thuc Phn Lan v Ty Bc Nga), ting Careli carnallit kv bc, k Carni (thuc Trias thng) n tht (ng vt) ng vt n tht Carpoid (nhm Dng qu ca ngnh Da gai) ng vt n qu cng nghip vn ti kh nng vn chuyn kh nng vn chuyn ca sng nng lc vn chuyn ca sng cartel, t hp kinh doanh biu bn bn ( vung v bn ) hnh chiu bn s miu t bn cng tc bn bn hc phng php th i snh (cc va than) mn o c bn thc nc h thc ghnh s cng ho b mt (ca xp) trng cy bn qu cassiterit kv ng cp s d ho c nt c nt c. breccia dm kt c nt; c. conglomerate cui kt c

-33nt; c. metamorphism bin cht c nt; c. rock = cataclasite c nt; c. structure cu to c nt; c. texture kin trc c nt thc nc ln, l thuyt bin ho, thuyt tai bin ma ph, ma thu hoch ph s thu nc, s hng nc vng thu nc bn thu nc t liu xc thc, d liu xc thc chui, dy cation bi chn th phn tch nguyn nhn nhn t nguyn c mu hnh nguyn c chy gc sinh vt hang ng, hang hc c. bear gu hang; c. breakdown s sp l hang ng; c. deposite trm tch hang ng; c. ices bng hang ng; c. lake h hang ng s st l hang ng ln, h thng hang ng c. lake h hang ng; c. flow dng ngm trong hang ng; c. porosity rng hang hc; c. system h hang ng c hang ng; rng xp c. rock xp, bt; c. weathering phong ho to hang hc s sp hang; s thm him hang ng; du llch hang ng hin tng v bt s v bt ca phn hu o ct, o san h ct kt m tiu, ct kt rn san h tc di chuyn sng thuc bu tri c. body thin th; c. coordinates to bu tri; c. equator xch o bu tri; c. latitude latitude v bu tri; c. longitude kinh bu tri; c. meridian kinh tuyn bu tri; c. pole cc bu tri; c. sphere thin cu celestin kv celestit kv ngn, khoang, t bo my dng t ong khoang i lu (bn trong Tri t) a hnh ct dng t ong xi mng ho i xi mng ho

cataract catastrophism = convulsionism catch crop catchment catchment area catchment basin categorical data catena cation cattle-terraces causal analysis causal factor causal model caustobioliths cave

cave-in cavern

cavernous

caving cavitation cavity of dissolution cay cay sandstone celerity celestial

celestine celestite cell cellular clouds convection cell cellular sand relief cementation cementation zone

-34Cenomanian Cenophytic cenotypal rocks Cenozoic census census of population central cyclone central eruption Central for Environmental Management and planning (CEMP) central of glaciation central place central place functions central place hierarchy central place planning central place theory central tendency central vent eruption centrality centrality of population centralization centrally planned economy centre firm centre of origin centre of propagation centre-periphery model centres of atmospheric action centre of symmetry centre of gravity centriclinal dip centricline centrifugal forces centripetal acceleration centripetal dip strata centripetal drainage centripetal forces centripetal plain centroclinal fold centrocline centrosphere centroid Cephalopods cerussite cesspool cetacean Chaetetids bc, k Cenoman (thuc Creta thng) thc vt Tn sinh (t Creta mun n nay) kiu mi ( phun tro porphyrit ca Kainozoi) gii, nguyn i Kainozoi iu tra dn s iu tra dn s lc xoy trung tm phun tro trung tm Trung tm Qun l v Quy hoch Mi trng bng h trung tm v tr trung tm chc nng v tr trung tm v tr cp bc trung tm quy hoch v tr trung tm thuyt v tr trung tm xu hng trung tm ming phun trung tm ( ni la) tnh cht tp trung tp trung dn s trung tm ho kinh t tp trung k hoch hng, cnng ty trung tm trung tm ngu gc trung tm lan truyn, trung tm nhn ging m hnh trung tm-bin ra trung tm hot ng kh quyn tm i xng tm trng lc ln nghing hng tm nghing hng tm lc ly tm gia tc hng tm cc tng nghing ln hng tm s tiu nc hng tm lc hng tm ng bng hng tm un np nghing hng tm trng nghing hng tm trung cu sv; trng quyn, nhn Tri t c trng tm Chn u sv, cs cerussit kv hm cha phn b C voi Chaetetid cs

-35chain chain migration chain of hills chain reaction chalcedony chalcopyrite chalcosine chalcosite chalk chamosite change in ecological character changeable winds changes of weather Changhsingian channel dy, chui di c chui dy i ni chui phn ng, phn ng dy chuyn chalcedon kv chalcopyrit kv chalcosin kv chalcosit kv phn chamosit kv thay i c tnh sinh thi gi i chiu bin i thi tit bc, k Changhsing (thuc Permi thng) knh, mng, eo bin, lng sng, lng sui, rnh, lung; dng chy c. bar doi ct dc lng sng; c. basin lu vc dng chy; c. deposit va, lp dng tuyn; c. detention knh nc t; c. erosion s bo mn lng sng, sui; c. fill trm tch lng sng, sui; c. flow dng chy trong knh; c. frequency tn sut dng chy; c. line tuyn ca knh dn; c. morphology hnh thi hc dng chy; c. mouth bar doi ct ca sng; c. roughness cng dng chy; c. sand ct lng (sng, sui) hng ni la s hn n l thuyt v s hn n chaparal (tp on cy bi thng xanh) m st c tnh cht, c tnh, c trng, k t loi c trng ho thch c trng khong vt ph c trng than ci, than g bc, k Charmouthi (thuc Jura h) nhm to Charophyta (to dng bnh xe) a di mc nc c s (ca quc gia s dng thng nht trong giao thng ng thu) bn chuyn dng, biu hm vc, khe cy mc khe bc, k Chat (thuc Oligocen thng) bng kim tra c km tng Chelle (thuc thi k c Paleolithic) thuc v ho hc

channel of ascent chaos chaos theory chaparral chapeau de fer character characteristic species characteristic fossil characterizing accessory mineral charcoal Charmouthian Charophyte charriage chart datum chart chasm chasmophyte Chattian checklists chelate Chellean chemical

-36c. adsorption hp ph ho hc; c. decay phn hu ho hc; c. compound hp cht ho hc; c. deposites trm tch ho hc; c. erosion s n mn ho hc; c. evolution tin ho ho hc; c. limestone vi ho hc; c. oxygen demand nhu cu oxy ho hc; c. pollutant nhim ho hc; c. reaction phn ng ho hc; c. residue tn d ho hc; c. sediments trm tch ho hc; c. weathering phong ho ho hc s hp th ho hc ho thch ho hc ho t dng bin i nhanh ho tnh ( cc tng nc bin, h) tnngs ho hc ho dng vng t en, chernozem t en silic, phin silic t nu, t mu ht d dng np gp np un dng np gp nh phn chnh lao ng tr em t l tr-n nitrat kali c ct, thn qung, ng ni la dng ct ngn ng Anh Php ln ln ( Bc M) gi m Ty Nam M thc vt a tuyt sinh vt a tuyt quyn tuyt (phn ca tng i lu, tip gip vi vng t bng tuyt) kh trng bng Clor clor trong nc bin phin clorit phin clorit en clorit kv clor ho kh CFC cht dip lc gi tr chiu bn a ch a ch a l sinh vt bn minh ho sc k (phng php) qung st crom

chemisorption chemofossils chemoautotrophic chemocline chemofacies chemotroph chernozem chernozemic soil (black earth) chert chestnut soil chevron chevron fold chief divide child labour child-woman ratio Chile saltpetre chimney chimney rocks chinook chinook wind chionophiles chionophobous organisms chionosphere chlorination chlorinity of sea water chlorite schist chlorite slate chlorites chloritization chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) chlorophyll choppy wind chorographic maps chorography chorology = biogeography choropleth chromatography chromic iron

-37chromite cromit chromite ores qung crom chromites cromit chromitite chromitit chromoferrite qung crom st chronology nin i hc chronostratigraphy thi a tng chronozone thi i chute thc nc s tr khng cimmerian Cimmerian folding = Kimmerian to ni Kimeri (trong Mesozoi) Orgeny cinder tro, x (ca ni la) cinder cone nn x ni la cinerite trm tch x ni la cinnabar xinova (HgS) kv cinnabarite xinovabarit kv cinnamon soil = cinnamonic soil t vng nu circulation s tun hon, s hon lu, s lu hnh, s lu thng c. of atmosphere hon lu kh quyn; c. global hon lu ton cu; c. local hon lu cc b; meridional c. hon lu hng kinh tuyn; thermal c. hon lu nhit; water c. s tun hon nc, hon lu nc circulatory system h thng lu thng circumpolar vortex gi xoy, cn lc quanh bc cc cirque i vng, i bng cirque flatform i bng phng cirque glacier i bng cirque lake h vng cirrocumulus my tch cirrostratus my ti tng cirrus my ti cirrus cloud my ti city thnh ph, o th city region vng th city-forming activity city-size distribution s phn b quy m d th clactonian cng c clacton clarks s clac (tnh cng ca nc) classification phn loi clast mnh vn clastic vn c. breccia dm kt vn; c. deformation s bin dng v vn; c. dike mch vn, th tng vn; c. pipe th tr vn; c. ratio t l vn; c. rock mnh vn; c. sediment trm tch vn; c. texture kin trc v vn clay st

-38blue c. st xanh, bn xanh; c. balls cu st; c. formation thnh h st; c. marl st vi; c. micelles mixen st; c. mineral khong vt st; chalky c. st vi; china c. st lm s; glass-pot c. st gm, st chu la; parting c. st mng; pocket c. st dng ; pottery c. st gm; siliceous c. st silic; suspensoid c. st vn; warp c. st ph sa, st bi tch st cha silic vn st kt karst cha st phc h st mn trng ph st thun, sch cng ngh lm sch sn xut my lm tinh khit tnh d tch ct khai, th ch c. face mt ct khai; c. fan th ch dng qut; c. plan mt th ch; good c. ct khai hon ton; imperfect c. ct khai khng hon ton; interrupted c. th ch gin on; perfect c. ct khai hon ton; pillow c. khi nt dng gi; rock c. th ch ca khe nt; tuyn t gy; l khoan sn dc vch dc ng; phin d tch belting c. vch cheo leo; c. glacier bng vch ng; c. of displacement vch dch chuyn; c. overhang khi treo; fault c. sn t gy vch t gy; ice c. vch bng; wave-cut c. bc sng v b bin dc ng tp on thc vt theo kh hu, tp on kh hu thc vt kh hu arid c. kh hu kh hn; c. change thay i kh hu; c. divide phn chia kh hu; c. of arctic basin khi hu bn bc cc; c. of city kh hu th; c. of cold deserts kh hu hoang mc lnh; c. of extra-tropical deserts kh hu hoang mc ngoi nhit i; c. of middle latitudes kh hu v trung bnh; c. of tropical deserts kh hu hoang mc nhit i; c. of tropical rain forests kh hu min rng ma nhit i; c. zone i khia hu; continental c. kh hu lc a; desert c. kh hu hoang mc; eternel frost c. kh hu lnh vnh cu; extreme c. kh hu cc oan; ice c. kh hu bng gi; moderate c. kh hu n ho; monsoon c. kh hu gi ma thuc v kh hu c. anomaly d thng kh hu; c. belts (zones) ai, i kh hu; c. changes s bin i kh hu; c. climax community tp on cao nh kh hu; c. climax vegetation thm thc vt cao nh kh hu; c. factors

clay-with-flints claystone clayey karst clay-humus complex claypan clean clean(er) technology cleaner production cleavability cleavage

cleft cleve cliff

cliffed coast climactic plant community climagram climate

climatic

-39nhn t kh hu; c. geomorphology a mo kh hu hc; c. maps bn kh hu; c. regionalisation khu vc ho kh hu; c. season kh hu theo ma; c. snowline ng bng tuyt kh hu; c. standard chun kh hu; c. stratigraphy kh hu a tng kh hu a tng cc qu trnh hnh thnh kh hu my ghi kh hu quan trc kh hu kh hu hc cao nh, cao im sos cao nh thch nghi tp on cao nh thc b cao nh th kh hu my o nghing, xin k pyroxen n nghing kv g , bc , nm khng chnh hp gc din th a vn cng ng khp kn, tp on khp kn vng tiu nc khp kn bn tiu nc khp kn np un khp rng khp kn s gy v khp kn, t gy khp h thng khp kn my acoustic c. my m hng; anvil c. my (dng) e; black c. my en; charged c. my tch in; cirro cumulus c. my n; cirro stratus c. my ti tng; cirrus c. my ti; convection c. my i lu; coronal c. my qung; cosmic c. my v tr; crest c. my dng sng ni; cumulo - nimbus c. my tch lon; cumulo stratus c. my tch tng; cumulus c. my tch; dark clouds my en; dust c. my bi; eruptive c. my ni la; fall c. my dng; fleecy c. my xp; gas c. my kh; glowing c. my sng ( ni la); high sheet c. my tng cao; incandescent c. my sng rc ( ni la); inferior c. my tng thp; iridescent c. my ng sc; mother-of-pearl c. = nacreous c. my x c; nebular c. tinh vn; nimbus c. my dng; nocticular c. my bc, my d quang; pocky c. my lm m; roll c. my cun; strato - cumulus c. my tng; thundercloud c. my dng; wollpack c. my tch ma ro, ma dng phn loi my h thng my

climatostratigraphy climato-forming processes climatograph climatography climatology climax climax adaptation number climax community climax vegetation climograph clinometer clinopyroxene clint clinunconformity clisere closed community closed drainage area closed drainage basin closed fold closed forest closed fracture closed system cloud

cloud burst cloud classification cloud system

-40cloudiness club of Rome cluster analysis clustered co-adaptation coal y my cu lac b La M phn tch cm, phn tch nhm thnh m, thnh chm, thnh cm ng thch nghi than allochtonous c. than ngoi lai; altogether c. than nguyn khai; amorphous c. than khng nh hnh; anthracite c. than antracit; ash c. than tro; autochtonous c. than nguyn a; bone, bont c. than phin; brown c. than nu; caking c. than dnh kt; cinder c. than tro; coking c. than luyn cc; cropping out c. than l thin;; crumble c. than cm; dull c. than m; fat c. than m; fossil c. than ; free-burning c. than la di; friable c. than b; gelosic c. than keo; glave c. = glossy c. than nh; greenwood c. than ci; holing c. than cht lng thp; hooster c. than km phm cht; hydrogenous c. than kh (nhiu cht bc); indigenous c. than nguyn a; in-situ c. than nguyn a; lustrous c. than nh; mat c. than m; meagre c.than gy; mushy c. than xp; pitch-lipe c. than dng hc n; powdery c. than cm pyrit trong than pyrit trong than kh than tng cha than vt liu thi do lm giu than cha than thuyt lin kt s ho than tuyt dng ht th kin trc ht th ct th b bin accretion c. b bi t; c. dune n ct bin; c. line ng b (bin); c. of accumulation t b tch; c. of coral reef b m tiu san h, b rn san h; c. of elevation b nng; c. of emergence b dng (trn mc nc bin); c. of Pacific type b kiu Thi Bnh Dng; c. of submergenee b chm (di mc nc bin); c. of thermal abrasion b mi mn a nhit; c. plain ng bng ven b; cliffed c. b cheo leo; drowned c. b chm ngp; embayed c. b nhiu vnh; gulf c. b vnh; hollowed-out c. bgm xi; indented c. bkhc khuu; lohate c. b rng ca; longitudinal c. b thun hng; rising c. b nng; shelvy c. b chm thoi; sinking c. b st chm; steep c. b dc g chn ven b dng b

coal blende coal brass coal gas coal measures coal washery reject material coal-bearing coalescence theory coalification coarse grained snow coarse grained texture coarse sand coast

coastal barrier coastal current

-41coastal desert coastal effect coastal erosion coastal lakes coastal mangrove forest Coastal plain coastal platform coastal processes coastal protection coastal wetland coastal zone cobalt hoang mc ven b tc ng b bo mn b h ven b rng ngp mn ven b ng bng ven b thm ven b qu trnh ven b s bo v b m ly ven b vng ven b cobalt c. glance cobaltit, cobalt nh; c. ores qung cobalt; c. ochre bt mu cobalt cobaltit cui, cui tng cui kt, cui tng kt phu karst hnh sao dng mo g cu trc dng mo g h s c. of concentration h s c c, h s tp trung; c. of consolidation h s c kt; c. of correlation h s tng quan; c. of determination h s xc nh; c. of dispersion h s phn tn; c. of earth pressure h s p lc t; c. of localization h s nh v; c. of permeability h s thm; c. of runoff h s dng chy; c. of storage h s tr (nc); c. of tide h s triu; c. of turbulence h s chy ri; c. of uniformity h s ng nht; c. of variation h s bin thin ngnh Rut khoang ng tin ho s c kt o lnh c. air lake h kh lnh; c. air mass khi kh lnh; c. avalanch trt l tuyt; c. current dng lnh; c. desert hoang mc lnh; c. front fron lnh; c. fumarol fumarol lnh (kh ni la di 100o); c. glacier bng lnh; c. lahar dng bn lnh; c. lakes vng h lnh; c. mudflow dng bn lnh; c. occlusion bt lp lnh; c. spring mch nc lnh; c. stress ng sut lnh; c. wave sng lnh s sp , st l trng st caldera ( ming ni la) trng st l (trong hot ng ni la) ng t gy sp trng st l

cobaltite cobble cobble conglomerate cockpit karst cockscomb cockscomb structure coefficient

Coelenterates coevolution cohesion col cold

collapse collapse caldera collapse depression collapse earthquake collapse sink-hole

-42collapse swallow-hole collective farm collectivism collector collector well collision margin collision theory colloid colluvial deposits colluvial soil colluvium colonialism colonization colony colour h vc st l nng trng tp th, nnng trang tp th ch ngha tp th tng gom (du) ging thu nc ra va chm, ra x hc thuyt va chm, thuyt x hc cht keo l tch t l tch l tch ch ngha thc dn thuc a ho, qun th ho tp on, qun th mu, mu sc c. intensity of sea water mu cng nc bin; c. of sky mu bu tri, xanh da tri; c. of streak = tracer c. mu vt vch (ca khong vt) vt th mu columbit kv ct, thp eruption c. ct phun tro; lava c. ct dung nham; stratigraphic c. ct a tng; water c. ct nc th nt dng ct, th nt lng tr n columnar structure, prismatic structure, prismatic jointing mt ct ng ng qun tr thung lng hp chy ra bin n ct dng sng ni vng nh lin hp sao chi i, vng tin nghi kinh t iu khin nng nghip thng mi, nng nghip hng ho trung tm thng mi ng nghip thng mi a l thng mi s nghin nh, tn nh U ban pht trin bn vng hng ho chnh sch nng nghip cng ng t chung, cng th Th trng chung Chu u, th trng chung ti nguyn s hu cng ng qun l ti nguyn s hu cng ng

colour proof columbite column

columnar jointing columnar section co-management combe combform dunes combined projections comet comfort zone command economy commercial agriculture commercial centre commercial fishing commercial geography comminution Commission for sustainable development commodities Common Agricultural Policy, CAP common land Common Market common property resource common property resource management

-43commune communication community community charge community development community ecology community home commuting compact soils comparative advantage comparative cost analysis comparative morphological method compass x, cng x thng tin lin lc cng ng, qun x, tp on trch nhim cng ng pht trin cng ng sinh thi hc cng ng trung tm ci to thanh thiu nin giao thng cng cng; gim ti (php lut) t tht, t cht li th tng i phn tch gi tng i phng php a mo soa snh a bn, la bn c. azimuth c. a bn phng v; boat c. a bn hng hi; geological c. a bn a cht; gyrostatic c. a bn con quay im chia a bn phc tho bng a bn tnh tng thch, tng hp dng b dung lng (ca dng chy) c kh nng v lc s cnh tranh i th s tng hp, biu tng hp bn gc bin tp (bn ) ph, b, i km chu k bo mn hon chnh phc h, phc hp, lin hp c. atlases tp bn ; c. climatology kh hu hc phc hp; c. crater phu phc hp (do ma thin thch gy nn); c. dune n ct phc hp; c. fault t gy phc hp; c. fold np un phc; c. mountain ni phc hp; c. object i tng phc hp; c. ores qung phc hp; c. stream dng phc; c. twin song tinh phc; c. valley thung lng hp hp phn cnh quan phc hp, lin hp, tng hp c. cone nn phc hp (ca ni la); c. glacier bng phc hp; c. fold np un phc hp; c. gneiss gneis phc hp; c. introsion xm nhp phc hp; c. map bn tng hp; c. stratotype chun a tng phc hp; c. stream dng phc; c. topography a hnh stream phc hp; c. unconformity bt chnh hp lin hp bn (phn) hn hp t gy phc un np phc triu phc

compass point compass sketching compatibility compensating current competence competent rock competition competitor compilation plot compilation sheet complementarity completed cycle of erosion complex

components of landscape composite

composting compound fault compound fold compound tide

-44comprehensive redevelopment compressed fold compression breccia compressive flow compressive stress compulsory purchase order computer graphics concave landforms concave plain concave slope concave slope concealed unemployment concentrated flow concentration concentric fold concentric zone model concentric zone theory conceptual model conciliation concordance concordant concordant bedding concordant coast concordant coast concordant stratification concretion condensation condensation adiabat condensation level condensation nuclei conditional instability conditioning conditions of reservation cone quy hoch li ton din un np nn dm kt nn lu lng nn ng sut nn t hng cng bc biu my tnh a hnh lng cho ng bng lng cho sn li (ca ni, i) sn (ni) lm tht nghip n dng tp trung s c, mt , nng , s lm giu (qung) np un ng tm m hnh vng ng tm l thuyt vng ng tm m hnh khi nim s ho gii s chnh hp, s ho hp kh hp, chnh hp phn lp chnh hp, phn lp song song b ho hp b chnh hp, b thun hng phn tng chnh hp kt hch s ngng kt, s c c, s c ng s ngng kt on nhit mc c ng ht nhn c ng tnh bt n c iu kin s iu ho, s iu chnh iu kin d tr hnh nn, phu, chp alluvial c. nn bi tch; blowing c. phu thot kh ( ni la); cinder nn tro ni la; deltaic c. nn chu th; detrital c. nn phng vt; c. karst karst dng nn; long-dormant c. nn ni la ngng; pyroclastic c. nn vn ni la; c. volcano ni la dng nn doi ct ni cu trc nn chng nn gian cch tin cy mc tin cy gii hn tin cy tng cha nc c p nc ngm c p

conecting bar cone-in-cone structure confidence interval confidence levels confidence limits confined aquifer confined ground water

-45confined water confining bed conflict theory confluence confluent tributary conformability conformable bedding conformal projections congelation ices congelifluction congelifraction congeliturbation congestion conglomerate conic projections coniferous coniferous (boreal) forest coniferous forest conjunetion connate water connectivity connectivve structure Conodonts Conrad discontinuity consequent stream conservation conservation biology conservation of angular momentum conservation of biodiversity conservation value conservation zone conservative endemic species conservative endemism conservative margin consolidation consolidatted rock conspicuous consumption constancy constant final yield constant slope constant species constellations constitutional ices constructional plains constructive margin constructive wave nc c p tng chn (trong cu trc du kh) l thuyt xung t s hp dng, s hp lu, ng ba sng sng nhnh hp lu chnh hp phn lp chnh hp, phn lp song song php chiu ng hnh bng ng cng s trt t trn bng s ph hu ng bng xo ng do bng s tc nghn (giao thng) cui kt s chiu hnh nn (trong bn hc) thuc v qu nn rng thng min cc bc rng thng giao hi (trong trc a) nc chn vi s khu ni cu trc khu ni Rng nn, Conodonta (ho thch) gin on Conrad dng thun hng s bo tn sinh hc bo tn s bo tn xung lng gc s bo tn a dng sinh hc gi tr bo tn vng, i bo tn loi bo th a phng, loi c hu bo th tnh cht bo th sv ra bo tn s kt rn, s c kt c kt s tiu hu hin th, s tiu th hin th s bt bin, nh n nh trng bt bin sn n nh loi n nh chm sao bng kt cu, bng ni ti chu th c cu ra kin trc, ra kt cu sng kt cu

-46consumer consumer goods consumers contact ngi tiu dng hng ho tiu dng khch hng tip xc c. area vng tip xc; c. aureole vnh tip xc; c. breccia dm kt tip xc; c. field trng tip xc; c. metamorphism bin cht tip xc; c. metasomatism bin cht tip xc trao i; c. spring mch nc tip xc; c. twin song tinh tip xc; c. zone i tip xc s lan trn ly nhim cng ten n, thng ng hng cng ten n ho ni b nhim s nhim s nhim sng ni dung; hm lng, cha dust c. hm lng bi; methane c. hm lng kh metan; ores c. hm lng qung; soil moisure m trong t hiu ng bi cnh l thuyt hiu ng i, vng k cn lc a thuc v lc a c. accretion s bi kt lc a; c. apron = c. rise chn sn lc a; c. basin bn ni luc; c. borderland ven ra lc a; c. climate kh hu lc a; c. crust v lc a; c. deposits trm tch lc a; c. displacement s dch chuyn lc a, s tri dt lc a; c. divide ng phn thu; c. drift tri dt lc a; c. dunes cn ct lc a; c. Earths crust v lc a ca Tri t; c. flexure s un cong lc a; c. high cao lc a; c. hydrology thu vn lc a; c. ice sheets v bng lc a; c. lakes h ni lc; c. margin ra lc a;c. mass khi lc a; c. nucleus nhn lc a, khin; c. platform thm ld; c. rise chn sn lc a; c. sea bin ni lc; c. shelf thm lc a; c. slope sn lc a; c. waters nc lc a; c. watershed ng phn thu tnh cht lc a gi tr ngu nhin s suy gim lin tc vng lin tc vic chn th lin tc ma dm bin thin lin tc cng ng n nh bn lu; tp on n nh bn lu phn lp mo m s phn tng mo m

contagious diffusion container containerization contaminated site contamination contamination of river content

contextual effect contextual theory contiguous zone continent continental

continentality contingent valuation continuing decline continuous area continuous grazing continuous rain continuous variable continuously stable community contorted bedding contorted stratification

-47contorted till contour contour farming contour interval contour ploughing contractional hypothesis control st tanngr ln mo m ng vin, ng ng mc ng vin trang tri, tnh hun canh tc khong ng mc ng vin t trng, gii hn t trnngf thuyt co rt (v s hnh thnh Tri t) s khng ch, s kim tra, s hiu chnh, s b tr li trc a aneroid height c. s kim tra cao nh kh p k; biologiacal c. s khng ch sinh hc; c. horizontal li khng ch mt bng; c. of flood s phng l; c. point im khng ch; c. variable khng ch bin thin; climatic c. s khng ch kh hu; common c. li im trc a thng nht; distant c. s iu chnh khong cch; geodetic c. li khng ch trc a; height c. li khng ch cao; level c. vic o mc nc; overlap c. kim tra chng ph (trong khng nh); pressure c. iu chnh p lc (trong m); trigonometric c. li khng ch tam gic controlled burning s nung gii hn Conulariids nhm Conulariid cs conurbation khu vc tp trung th convection i lu convection s i lu convection goods hng ho i lu convection cell khoang i lu convection current dng i lu convection rain ma i lu convective cloudine my i lu convective condensation level mc ngng t i lu convective instability tnh bt n i lu convective movement chuyn ng i lu convective precipitations ma i lu convective rains ma i lu convenience distance gian cch thun tin Convention for the Prevention of Hip nh v ngn nga nhim bin do cht thi hng Marine Pollution by Dumping from hi v hng khng Ships and Aircraft Convention for the Prevention of Hip nh v ngn nga nhim bin do cht thi Pollution from Ships hng hi Convention for the Protection of the Hip nh v Bo v Ti nguyn thin nhin v Mi trng Natural Resources and Nam Thi Bnh Dng Environment of the South Pacific Region Convention for the Protection of the Hip nh v Bo v tng ozon Ozone layer Convention for the Protection of the Hip nh v Bo v Di sn vn ho v di sn thin nhin World Cultural and Natural th gii Heritage Convention for the Regulation of Hip nh v quy tc sn c voi

-48Whaling Convention of the World Hip nh ca T chc kh tng th gii Meteorological Organization Convention on Biological Diversity Hip nh v a dng sinh hc Convention on Climate change Hip nh v s bin i kh hu Convention on Environmental Hip nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng trong bi cnh Impact Assessment in a xuyn bin gii Transboundary Context Convention on International Trade Hip nh v bu bn cc loi ng vt v thc vt hoang in Endangered Species of Wild d nguy him Fauna and Flora (CITES) Convention on Long-range Hip nh v nhim xuyn bin gii tm xa Transboundary Air Pollution Convention on the Conservation of Hip nh v bo v Ti nguyn sinh vt bin Nam cc Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention on the Conservation of Hip nh v bo v cc loi ng vt hoang d di c Migratory Species of Wild Animals Convention on the Control of Hip nh v kim sot s di chuyn cht thi nguy him v Transboundary Movement of s tiu hu chng Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal Convention on the Law of the Sea Hip nh v Lut bin Convention on the Prevention of Hip nh v ngn nga nhim bin do cht thi v cc Marine Pollution by the Dumping of vt liu khc Wastes and other Matter Convention on the Prevention of Hip nh v ngn nga nhim bin t ngun trn lc a Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources Convention on Wetlands of Hip nh v vng m ly c tm quan trng quc t, c International Importance, bit l Mi sinh ca thu cm Especially as Waterfowl Habitat Convention to Combat Hip nh v u tranh chng hoang mc ho Desertification conventional mixing s ho hp quy c conventional projections php chiu quy c conventional signs k hiu quy c convergence s ng quy, s hi t convergence s hi t, s ng quy convergent boundary ranh gii hi t (ca cc mng thch quyn) converging margin ra hi t converging terraces thm ng quy convex slope sn li conveying capacity kh nng vn chuyn conveyor belt bng ti convulsionism = catastrophism thuyt tai bin, thuyt bin ho co-operative hp tc x, thuc hp tc x coordinate to absolute c. ta tuyt i; astronomic c. ta thin vn; c. data t liu ta ; c. geocentric c. ta a

-49tm; geodesic c. ta trc a; geographic c. ta a l; grid c. ta li Copper Age thi k ng copper glance chalcosit kv copper ores qung ng copper pyrite pyrit ng, chalcopyrit kv coprolite ho thch phn coprophagous animals ng vt n phn coral san h c. coasts b san h; c. crusts v san h ( rn san h; c. islands qun o san h; c. limestone vi san h; c. mud bn san h; c. rag vn san h; c. reef m tiu san h, rn san h coralgal ridge g san h to Cordaites Cordaites cs (nhm thc vt c Paleozoi, thuc c hoa ht trn) corded lava dung nham vn thng cordillera dy ni, h thng ni ko di core nhn, li khoan c. area vng nhn, khu vc nhn;c. of fold nhn np un; c of the Earth nhn Tri t; c. region khu vc nhn, khu vc trung tm; c. rock li ; c. sample nhn li khoan; c. species loi trung tm core-periphery model m hnh nhn-ngoi bin corindon corindon kv Coriolis force lc Coriolis corner effect in wind hiu ng gc trong gi cornubianite cornubtanit ( sng do bin cht tip xc) corona qung, ho quang corrasion s bo mn correlation s i snh, s tng quan correlation coefficient h s tng quan correlation of strata = Stratigraphic i snh a tng correlation corridor hnh lang, lnh o cao cp corrie = cirque i bng corrosion s gm mn, s n mn corundum corindon kv cosmic dust bi v tr cosmic radiation bc x v tr cosmic rays tia v tr cosmogonical hypothesis gi thuyt ngun gc v tr cosmopolites th gii tnh (sinh vt phn b ton cu) cosmos v tr cost structure cu trc gi c cost surface mt bng gi c cost-benefit analysis phn tch gi phc li

-50cost-space convergence cotidal line cottage industry Cotylosaurs coulees couloir counter trades countercurrent counterflow counter-radiation countertrade country ng quy khong gi ng ng mc triu th cng nghip Cotylosaurus (dng B st c nht, sng cui Paleozoi u Mesozoi) sui nh t on; dong dung nham ng cng hm ni gi mu dch nghch dng chy ngc dng ngc bc x ngc gi mu dch nghch x s, vng, min, a phng adjacent c. vng k cn; closed c. vng khp kn, vng him tr; flat c. vng ng bng; hill c. vng i; intersected c. vng a hnh chia ct; rolling c. vng a hnh ln sng; undulating c. vng a hnh ln sng gc (nm trong m qung); vy quanh s ghp i min cng qu trnh; ng phng; tuyn; dng chy; va, mch air c. l thng gi; bedding c. lp lt di, lp m; c. of ore phng mch qung; c. of outcrop tuyn l va; c. of river dng sng; c. of seam phng va; compass c. hng theo a bn; cushion c. lp lt, lp m; lower c. h lu sng; meandering c. dng un khc; subterranean c. dng ngm; upper c. thng lu sng, u ngun; winding c. dng sng un khc vng, vnh nh, h sng v, h st covellin kv covellit kv lp ph, c. crop thm cy trng; c. head vm ph; c. loam thm t mn; c. rock lp ph (trong hm m) karst ngm t mn ph bng rn v ngh th cng dy sng ni do bng phu ming ni la h ming ni la phu xi mn nn, craton bn nn, bn craton sui nh, vnh nh s trt tri kt hch sui khong, ngun gc sui khang s phn tng do sui khong vi un np

country rock coupling constraint course

cove covelline covellite cover

covered karst covering loam crack ices craft crag-and-tail crater crater lake crater of erosion craton cratonic basin creek creep crenogen crenogenic meromixis crenulalion

-51crescent lake crescent of dunes crest crestal plane crest-line Cretaceous cretaceous crevasse crevasses on glacier Crinoid criss-cross bedding critical h li lim n ct li lim nh ni, sng ni, nh un np mt nh ng nh K (h) Creta thuc v Creta khe nt khe nt bng Hu bin phn lp xin cho ti hn, xung yu c. angle gc ti hn; c. damping s suy gim ti hn; c. end point dim kt thc ti hn; c. flow dng ti hn; c. group nhm ti hn; c. mass khi lng ti hn; c. moisture m ti hn; c. slope angle gc dc ti hn; c. slope dc ti hn; c. temperature nhit ti hn; c. tractive force lc ko ti hn; c. void ratio t l rng ti hn nguy c trm trng vic lnh canh ngi Cro-Magnon Gian bng Cromer k Gian bng Cromer quay v phn tch phi hp ma v s l, s thu hoch phn lp xin cho s phn tng ct cho khe nt ct ngang s phn phin cho mt ct ngang mt ct (trc din) ngang ca sui mt ct (trc din) ngang ca knh mng thung lng ct ngang phng gc phn lp xin cho phn lp ct cho t gy cho mt ct ngang trc din ngang thung lng nh, chp, vnh t l th v sinh t l th v t vong du th t l th cu to b ri (ca t) dm kt c nt, dm kt v vn

critically endangered crofting Cro-Magnon man Cromer Interglacial Cromerian crop rotation crop-combination analysis cropping cross bedding cross cutting stratification cross joints cross lamination cross section cross section of stream cross section of river channel cross valley cross-bedding crosscutting bedding cross-fault cross-section cross-valley profile crown crude birth rate crude death rate crude oil crude rate crumb structure crush breccia

-52crushed stone crust Crustaceous crustal movements crustification cryergic cryobionts cryodiagenesis cryofront cryogenesis cryogenic cryogenic lake cryogenic structure cryolithic zone cryolithogenesis cryopediment cryophilous crops cryophilous plants cryophytes cryoplanation cryoplankton cryosphere cryotic ground cryoturbation cryptic damage cryptoclastic rock cryptocrystalline texture cryptodepression cryptophytes Cryptozoic crystal crystal growth crystalline rock crystalline schists crystallization crystallography cuesta culm culmination cultivated landscape cultivated plants cultivated species cultural distance cultural ecology cultural geography cultural landscape nghin, v vn v ng vt gip xc chuyn ng v (Tri t) s to v, s kt v ra bng sinh vt a lnh s thnh lnh front lnh ngun gc lnh thuc v lnh h vng bng cu trc bng gi i bng gi ngun gc bng tch ng bng bng cy trng a lnh cy a lnh thc vt a lnh s san bng do bng gi sinh vt tri ni a lnh, plancton a lnh quyn lnh, bng quyn t vng lnh s khuy c lnh s thit hi n vn n kin trc n tinh s st vng n thc vt chi n (qua ma ng) Nguyn i n sinh tinh th s tng trng tinh th kt tinh phin kt tinh s kt tinh tinh th hc a hnh cuesta, a hnh n nghing vn than antracit; nh nh (ca cu trc) cnh quan canh tc cy trng loi trng trt, chn nui gian cch vn ho sinh thi vn ho a l vn ho phong cnh vn ho

-53cultural layer cultural level cultural region cultural, historical and environmetal site culture cumulative effect cumulative frequency cumulative frequency curve cumuliform clouds cumulonimbus cumulus cloud cuprite currency current bedding current marks current range current ripple-marks current ripples currents curvature cusp cuspate delta cuspate foreland cut off cut off lobe cut off meander cut plain cutting cycle cyanite Cyanophyceae cycle of erosion cycle of industry cycle of matter cycle of occupation cycle of poverty cyclic relief development cyclic terrace cyclone cyclone wave cyclonic activity cyclonic current cyclonic eddy cyclonic vortex cylindrical projections Cystoids tng vn ho trnh vn ho vng vn ho a im bi cnh vn ho v lch s vn ho; s trng trt hiu ng tch lu hiu ng tch lu ng cong hiu ng tch lu my tch my dng, my v tch my tch cuprit; qung ng tin t, s lu hnh tin t phn lp do dng chy du vt dng chy phm vi dng chy du vt gn sng dng chy gn sng dng chy dng chy, dng hi lu cong mi t, mm ni chu th nhn u mi t nhn s ct, ngng, gii hn, ng tt (M) thu ct khc un b ct ng bng b ct chu k t on cyanit, kyanit kv To lam chu k xm thc chu k cng nghip chu k vt cht chu k c tr, chu k chim gi chu k ngho kh s pht trin a hnh theo chu k thm tun hon xoy thun, xoy t sng xoy thun, sng xoy t hot ng xoy thun dng xoy thun xoy lc thun gi xoy thun php chiu trn mt tr Cystoid (thuc Da gai c) cs

-54-

D
(622 mc t) dacite Dacian daily urban system dairy farming dairying Dalmatian coast dam dacit ( magma) bc, k Daci (Pliocen Chu u) h thng th thng nht nng tri b sa cng nghip sa ng b kiu Dalmati, ng b x t p nc arch ~ p vm; concrete ~ p b tng; diversion ~ p chia nc; earthen ~ p t; masonry ~ p ; overflow ~ p trn; self-spillway ~ p trn h k p hng ho nguy him bc, k Dani (u Paleogen) darcy (n v thm) nh lut Darci (v thm) rng thng en khong vt sm mu s liu, d liu, t liu, ti liu altimetric ~ s liu o cao; assumed ~ s liu c tha nhn; basic ~ s liu c s; climatic ~ d liu kh hu; ~ capture ot d liu; ~ model m hnh d liu; ~ quality cht lng ti liu; ~ structure cu trc d liu; descriptive ~ s liu ch gii, s liu ghi ch (ca bn ); gauge ~ s liu quan trc ( trm thu vn); hypsometric ~ s liu o cao; legend ~ s liu ch gii, ghi ch (ca bn ); local ~ mc chun khu vc; position ~ to im c s d liu, kho d liu b s liu, tp hp s liu tuyn ngy d liu, s liu, gc quy chiu ~ horizon tng quy chiu; ~ level mc quy chiu; ~ line ng c s; ng quy chiu; ~ plane mt quy chiu rng ng, bui ban u ngy s bc tch, un np tch t gy mng cht, ngng hot ng ~ cave hang ng khng hot ng, hang ng cht; ~ chert silic dng phn; ~ cliff vch cht, vch ngng pht trin; ~ ice bng cht, bng ngng hot ng; ~

dammed lake dangerous goods Danian darcy Darcy s law dark coniferous forest dark mineral data

database dataset date date line datum

dawn day dcollement dcollement fault dead

-55neap triu dng ngng; ~ river channel lng sng cht; ~ sea in cht; ~ storage dung tch cht; ~ valley thung lng cht; ~ water nc t. trng ti cht, trong ti qu hn (tu thuyn) khon n vt liu vn ~ apron ng bng l tch chn ni; ~ cone nn vn ; ~ fall sp vn ; ~ flood l vn ; ~ flow = ~ stream dng vn , dng bn; ~ ice bng cha vn ; ~ plain ng bng vn ; ~ slide trt t; ~ stream = ~ flow dng vn , dng bn. khon n s kh vi s ct nh (ni la) s phn r, s phn hu s phn quyn rng rng l v na rng l rng rng l cy rng l lch, gc nghing; t thin nghing ca sao vng suy gim mi dc, s nghing sinh vt phn hu s phn hu, s phong ho ho hc s phn tn, phi tp trung ho loi suy gim thi k suy thoi s suy din, s khu tr su, vc su, sm mu ~ currents dng bin su; ~ drilling khoan su; ~ earthquake ng t di su; ~ ecology sinh thi bin su; ~ fault t gy su; ~ focus earthquakes chn tiu su; ~ fold np un su; ~ fore-reef vch m tiu; ~ freshwater marshes m ly nc ngt su; ~ karst karst su, karst ngm su; ~ ocean bin su; ~ sea bin su; ~ sea deposits trm tch bin su; ~ water nc su; ~ sea zone i bin su; ~ weathering phong ho su. nn trm tch bin su qut booif tch bin su y bin su t gy bin su cu trc bin su sng bin su hu nai rng khong khng phng th s thi mn

deadweight tonnage debit debris

debt decalcification decapitation decay decentralization deciduous and semi-deciduous forest deciduous forest deciduous plant declination declination of star declining region declivity decomposer decomposition deconcentration decreasing species decrete time deduction deep

deep-sea cone deep-sea fan deep-sea floor deep-seated fault deep-seated structures deepwater wave deer forest defensible space deflation

-56~ basin bn thi mn; ~ furrows rnh thi mn; ~ grooves rnh thi mn; ~ hollows h thi mn; khe hm thi mn; ~ lake h thi mn; ~ residue tn d thi mn; lp tn d hoang mc i dng, gc lch dng nhnh s ph rng s bin dng trng bin dng qu trnh bin dng ca v Tri t s tan bng gi s tan bng s r kt m nn kinh t tan r cht gy nhim khng phn hu s phn hu, s thoi ho s thoi ho ca t ng bng lp ph thoi ho vng ni thoi ho mc t do, mc t ch phi cng nghip ho chu th, tam gic chu ~ bar doi ct chu th; ~ bedding phn lp kiu chu th; ~ cap nn bi tch chu th; ~ deposits trm tch chu th; ~ front mt tin chu th; ~ lakes h chu th; ~ plateau cao nguyn chu th; ~ terrace thm chu th. b bin chu th trm tch chu th sn tch, deluvi y c y s kh khong kh khong ca nc h s dn s l thuyt iu chnh dn s l thuyt gim nh dn s s bin i dn s s chuyn i dn s dn s hc thi k bng Demyansk s phi dn tc ho; s t hu ho dendrit ( dng cnh) h thng thot nc dng xng c bng dng cnh cy ho thch tnh tui cho cy s kh m

deflection defluent deforestation deformation deformation field deformations of the Earth's crust defrostation deglaciation deglomeration deglomeration economies degradable pollutant degradation degradation of permafrost degradation sheet degraded mountains degrees of freedom deindustrialization delta

deltaic coast deltaic deposits deluvium demersal demersal fish demineralization demineralization of water demographic coefficient demographic regulation theory demographic relaxation theory demographic transformation demographic transition demography Demyansk Ice Age denationalization dendrite dendritic drainage dendritic glacier dendrolite dendrochronology denitrification

-57dense gas cloud density density currents density gradient density profile density stratification denudation denudation landforms denudation plains denudation plalteau denudation step denudation surfaces denudational slope dependence dependency ratio dependency theory dependent place dependent territory dependent variable depletion of natural resourees depopulation deposit gauge deposited and metamorphosed ice deposited moraine deposition depositional environment deposits depreciation depressed area depressed region depression depression storage deprivation deprivation cycle depth depth ice depth of exploration depth of focus depth of friction depth of measurement depth of observation depth of penetration depth sounder depth zone depurate deranged drainage my kh m mt , t trng, m c, cht xt, rm rp dng chy c gradient mt trc din trng lc s phn tng nc h s bc mn a hnh bc mn ng bng bc mn cao nguyn bc mn bc bc mn b mt bc mn sn bc mn s ph thuc t l ph thuc l thuyt ph thuc v tr ph thuc lnh th ph thuc bin thin ph thuc s kit qu ti nguyn thin nhin s gim dn s dung c o trm tch bng trm tch v bin dng bng tch s trm ng, vt liu trm tch mi trng trm tch vt liu trm tch s st gi vng trng khu vc trng vng trng, min trng bn nc trng s tc ot chu k tc ot su, b su bng st y, bng treo su thm d su chn tiu su ca ma st s o su su quan st su xm nnhp my o su bng hi m, my o hi m i su ty u, lc sch mng rt nc ln xn

-58deregulation derelict land dereliction derived-scale map desalination descending evolution of relief descending springs descending wind descriptive statistics descriptive technique desert s hu quy tc t b hoang s rt nc bn t l k tha s kh mui tin ho git li ca a hnh mch nc h gi thi xui thng k m t k thut m t hoang mc ~ crust v hoang mc; ~ of interior parts of continents hoang mc ni lc; ~ pavement lp gip hoang mc; ~ rockplain ng bng hoang mc ; ~ soil t hoang mc; ~ varnish lp men hoang mc; ~ vegetation thc vt hoang mc; ~ wind gi hoang mc ng bng hoang mc hoang mc ho nt n kh danh mc phc tho kh silic s kh silic ng d kin s trc vy a hnh ph hu ng bng ph hu ra ph hu ranh gii mng ph hu sng ph hu bn t, bn khp kn cht ty thuyt tin dnh ch s trch hng qut bi tch vn sinh vt n cht thi vn, mnh vn n cht vn, n cht thi vn nc pht trin nc ang pht trin pht trin, tin trin, s trin khai, s chun b khai thc (m) bed ~ din bin lng sng; ~ area vng pht trin; ~ control qun l pht trin, hn ch pht trin; ~ gap khong ngng pht trin; ~ indicators ch s pht trin; ~ of clouds s tin trin my; ~ of river s pht trin sng; ~ of shoreline s tin trin ng b; ~ stage model m hnh giai on pht trin; ~ stages growth

desertic rock plain desertification desiccation cracks design checklist desilication desilification desire line desquamation destructional landforms destructional plains destructive margin destructive plate boundary destructive wave detention basin detergent determinism detour index detrical fan detrital rocks detritivore detritus detritus feeder developed country (world) developing country (would) development

-59theory l thuyt giai on pht trin tng trng; ~ value gi tr pht trin; oil field ~ khai thc m du. s l t, s thoi ho (sv) k, h Devon sng im sng t gy ngang-tri diabas kin trc diabas xuyn thi phn v a tng xuyn thi th ch qu trnh thnh b bin xin t gy xin khe nt cho phn tng xin cho thung lng xin bn s lc phng ng thuc phng ng dialomit kim cng bi kim cng, bt kim cng ng n sinh kim cng cu trc diapir np un diapir qu trnh diapir, qu trnh to vm gin on ngn, gin on phn lp diastrom, th nt song song mt lp chuyn ng kin to; qu trnh bin dng v Tri t t cha diatom bn diatom diatomit to Diatom, to silic bn cha diatom ng ni la s phn d magma dng ch i dickit kv vng cht (ca thc vt m ly) ch n, ch n king xi mn phn d t gy phn d s san bng phn d s nng chy phn d

devolution Devonian dew dew point dextral fault diabase diabasic texture diachronic; diachronous diachronic (diachronous) unit diaclase diagenesis diagonal coast diagonal fault diagonal joint diagonal stratification diagonal valley diagrammatic map dialect dialectic dialomite diamond diamond dust diamond pipe diapir diapir fold diapirism diastem diastromes diastrrophism diatomaceous earth diatome ooze diatomite Diatoms diatornaceous ooze diatrema dicferentiation of magma dichotomous dickite dieback diet differential erosion differential fault differential levelling differential melting

-60differential pressure differential stress differential wathering differentiation of landscapes diffluence (glacial diffluence) diffluence of current lines diffluenee step diffluent col diffuse front diffuse radiation diffuse reflection diffusion diffusion barrier diffusion curve digital elevation model digital mapping digital terrain model digitizing dike dilatancy theory dilatation diluvium Dinantian Dinosaurs diopside diorite dioxins dip dip angle dip fault dip line dip plain dip slope dip stream direct cell direct deposits direct lattice direct radialion direct runoff direct surface runoff direct thermal stratification direct use value directed link direction of dip directional structure directionlines method p sut phn d ng sut phn d phong ho phn d a hnh phn d s tan bng s phn tuyn dng bc phn dng o phn dng frng khuych tn bc x khuych tn phn x khuych tn s khuych tn, s pht tn g chn khuych tn ng cong khuych tn m hnh cao s ho lp bn s ho m hnh a hnh s ho s ho dike, mch thuyttng n, thuet bnh trng s trng n l tch Dinanti (Carbon h Ty u) khng long, Dinosaurus diopsid kv diorit ( xm nhp) dioxin gc dc, hng dc, nghing gc dc t gy nghing ng dc thun hng ng bng nghing sn thun hng dng thun hng khoang trc tip trm tch trc tip mng tinh th bc x trc tip dng trc tip, dng tc thi dng trc tip s phn tng nhit trc tip gi tr s dng trc tip mi ni trc tip, mi lin h trc tip hng dc, hng cm cu trc nh hng phng php ng phng

-61dirt cone disability disappearance of fold structures disappearanee of river disappearing river disaster discharge discharge area discharge coefficient discharge currents discharge efficiency discharge hydrography discharge of stream discharge site disconformable disconformity discontinuity layer discontinuous media discordant discordant bedding discordant coast discrete choice modelling discrete data discrete variable discrimination diseconomies diseconomies of scale disequilibria disharmonic folding disinfection disjunct area dislocated beds dislocation line dislocations dismal swamp dismembered lake dispersal dispersed city dispersed settlement dispersion dispersion diagram dispersion halo disposable income disrupted beds disrupted fold dissected plain nn tuyt ph bn s bt lc s bin m cu trc un np s mt dng ca sng sng mt dng tai ho s thot nc, s xut l, lu lng vng xut l nc ngm h s thot nc dng thot nc hiu sut thot nc thu vn hc thot nc lu lng ca dng ni thot nc bt chnh hp song song s bt chnh hp song song tng gin on truyn thng khng lin tc bt chnh hp, khng khp nhau s phn lp khng chnh hp b khng ho hp m hnh ho la chn ring bit t liu ri rc bin s ring bit, bin thin ring bit s phn bit, s phn bit i s phi kinh t s phi kinh t ca t l mt cn bng un np khng hi ho s ty u vng tch ri lp dch chuyn, lp bin v ng dch chuyn, ng bin v s bin v, s dch chuyn bi ly m m h ct, h b chia ct phn tn thnh ph phn tn s nh c phn tn, s thanh ton ri rc s phn tn, s khuych tn biu khuych tn qung halo thu nhp sn c lp t on np un t on ng bng chia ct

-62dissected volcano dissection dissolved oxygen distance distance decay disthene distorted beds distortion isograms distortions distributary distributed data distribution distribution costs district distrophic lake disturbance line disturbation till diurnal inequality of tides diurnal range diurnal tide divagation lake divergence divergent boundary diverging margin diverging terraces diversification diversification curve diversified expansion diversion channel diversity diversity index diversivore diverted stream divide divided circle division of labour division of water Dnieper Ice Age dog days Dogger dolerite dolina = doline dolomite dolomitization dome dome mountains ni la chia ct s chia ct oxy ho tan khong cch, gian cch phn r gian cch disten kv lp bin dng ng ng tr bin dng s bin dng, s mo m chi lu t liu phn b s phn b, s phn phi gi phn phi qun huyn, a ht, khu h v dng (khng c cht dinh dng) ng nhiu lon, ng ph hu st tng ln ri lon s khng cn bng nht triu phm vi nht triu, dy nht triu nht triu h lan trn, h chy tn s phn k, phn k ranh gii phn k (ca cc mng thch quyn) ra phn k thm phn k s a dng ho ng cong a dng s bnh trng a dng, s gin n nhiu mt knh thot nc s a dng ch s a dng dng vt n tp i dng ng chia nc chu k chia nc s phn chia lao ng s phn thu, s chia nc bng k Dniep tit i th thng, th Dogger (Jura trung Chu u) dolerit ( magma) h st, ging karst, phu karst dolomit ( trm tch carbonat magi v calci) dolomit ho vm, cu trc vm ni dng vm

-63dome structure domestic animal diversity domestic biodiversity domestic industry domestic sewage domesticates domestication dominant species dominant wave domino theory Donau Ice Age Donau-Gnz Interglacial donga dormant volcano dormitory town dot method double coast-line double water feature downlap down-cutting downpour downthrow (throw) downthrow side Downtonian downward spiral downward transition region downwarp downwearing downwearing of slopes downwelling draconitic month drag cu trc vm s a dng vt nui s a dng sinh hc vt nui cng nghip ni a cht thi gia nh thun ho s thun ho loi u tri sng u tri thuyt domino bng k Donau gian bng Donau-Gnz hm ni vch ng; lng hp chn ni ( vng bng tuyt) ni la ng, ni la ngng hot ng thnh ph tr m phng php im, mc ng b kp c trng nc kp s bo lng ( sng, sui) ma nh trt nc cnh sut, cnh h ca t gy mt st (ca t gy) Downton (bc ca Devon h Anh) dng xon xung vng h thp chuyn tip bn trng, min lm, min trng s mi mn s mi mn sn ni s st xung thng khc nghit (thi gian gia hai hnh trnh ca Mt Trng qua cng mt giao im ca qu o) s ko theo; lc y; lc cn; s on ca lp; mnh vn hoc qung mt trt ~ coefficient h s y ( cht lng); ~ dip ch un cong ca va (theo hng ca t gy); ~ folds np un ko theo; ~ groove rnh trt; ~ mark vt trt; ~ ore; qung vn mt trt; ~ striation sc ko trt; hydraulic ~ lc cn ca nc. s tiu nc; h thng tiu nc; mng sng sui adjusted ~ mng sng c iu chnh; ~ area din tiu nc; ~ basin hydrological cycle chu k thu vn ca lu vc sng; ~ basin lu vc mng sng, vng thu nc; ~ basin order cp bc lu vc sng; ~ density mt mng sng, mt tiu thot; ~ divide ng phn thu; ~ lake h tiu nc, h thng thong; ~ line tuyn tiu nc; ~ net mng tiu nc; ~ network

drainage

-64evolution tin ho mng sng; ~ network mng sng, mng tiu nc; ~ pattern m hnh mng tiu nc; ~ system h thng mng tiu nc; h thng mng sng sui; ~ wel ging tiu nc; dismembered ~ mng sng phn on; formation ~ s tiu nc va; juvenile ~ mng sng nguyn sinh; subsurface ~ mng sng ngm, s tiu nc ngm. knh, rch, knh thot nc c s ho s h mc nc (h, ging) no vt khong sn (bng tu ht bn) cui ba mt, cui thp (thng hoang mc) tri, tri dt, dng chy, s lch, l khai thc, bng tch continental ~ s tri dt lc a; cross ~ l xuyn va; ~ bed vn tri; ~ coal than tri dt; ~ correction hiu chnh lch; ~ curent dng tri ( i dng); ~ glacier bng h tri; ~ ice bng tri; ~ mining khai thc l; ~ net fishing nh c bng li tri, li ko; ~ theory thuyt ngoi lai, thuyt tri dt (v s thnh to than ); Gulf stream ~ dng Gulf stream; shore ~ bng tch b; stone ~ l xuyn va, l bng; terrace ~ bng tch thm; wind ~ of ice tri bng do g. bo tuyt tri dt vng bng khuyt (trong lp ph bng h) li khoan khoan, khoan su l khoan ging khoan thch nh trm tch thch nh ma phn, ma bi s kh hn, hn hn thi k kh hn s chu hn ng i ca sc vt b ngp nc ~ atoll m tiu vng b ngp; ~ reef m tiu san h b ngp; ~ river sng ngp lt; ~ river mouth ca sng ngp di bin; ~ river; ~ valley thung lng ngp nc. i hnh trng, i bng tch hc, l hng, tinh m khong t l kh on nhit lp kh, va kh

drains drawing base drawdown dredging dreikanter = pyramid pebble drift

drifting snow-storm driftless area drill core drilling drilling hole drilling well dripstone dripstone deposits drizzle = drizzling rain drought drought period drought resistance drove road drowned

drumlin druse dry adiabatic lapse rate. DALR dry bed

-65dry kh, kh hn, sy kh ~ avalanch s trt l tuyt kh; ~ basin bn kh nc; ~ cave hng ng kh; ~ climate kh hu kh hn; ~ delta = alluvial fan; alluvial cone qut bi tch, chu th kh, nn bi tch; ~ evergreen forest rng kh thng xanh; ~ farming trng trt khan; ~ flat-bottom valley thung lng kh phng; ~ meadow ng c khan; ~ overgreen woodland rng thng xanh kh khan; ~ period thi k kh hn; ~ season ma kh; ~ tropical deciduous forest rng kh nhit i rng l hng nm; ~ tropical semi-deciduous forest rng kh nhit i na rng l hng nm; ~ valley thung lng kh; ~ weather flow lung thi tit kh; ~ wind gi kh. gradient on nhit kh tc h on nhit kh qu trnh on nhit kh bu nhit k kh khe nt kh sng kh cn trng trt t kh mn t kh dng thi tit kh rng i kh nn kinh t kp th trng lao ng kp bi thi ( m than) 1. thi (rc, x). 2. bn ph gi cn, n, cn ct, n ct rng trn cn ct h b ct di cn, dy un ct thung lng ct dunit ( magma) thi gian triu dng, thi gian triu cng lp v cng bi ~ arrestor bi b chn gi; ~ avalanche ma bi; ~ bowl trng bi; ~ burden lp ph bi; ~ burden lp ph bi; ~ devil lc xoy bi; ~ fall ma bi, ma mu; ~ haze sng bi; ~ loading ti trng bi; ~ removal cyclones lc xoy bi; ~ spout vi bi; ~ storm bo bi; ~ whirl gi lc bi. dyke, th tng kh hu ng lc hc cn bng ng lc a cht ng lc a mo ng lc bin cht ng lc

dry-adiabatic gradient dry-adiabatic lapse rate dry-adiabatic process dry-bulb thermometer drying cracks drying up river dryland farming dryland salinity dryweather flow (DWF) dry-zone forest dual economy dual labour market dump dumping dune dune forest dune lake dune ridges dune valleys dunite duration of flood tide duricrust dust

dyke dynamic climatology dynamic equilibrium dynamic geology dynamic geomorphology dynamic metamorphism

-66dynamic meteorology kh tng ng lc

E
(500 mc t) Earth earth current earth day earth flax earth flow Earth motion earth movement earth pillar earth piramids earth pitch earth satellite earth sciences earth tide earth tremor earth wave earth wax earthquake earths gravity field earths magnetic field earths orbit Earth's axis Earth's core Earth's crust Earth's ellipsoid Earth's flatening Earth's gravitational field Earth's magnetism Earth's mantle Earth's spheroid Earthwatch earth-worms ebb current ebb tide Eburonian echelon folding echelon section Echinoderms eclimatology eclogite Tri t, t dng t ngy tri t asbest dng t chy, trt t chuyn ng ca Tri t vn ng ca Tri t ct t thp t nha t, asphan nht v tinh Tri t cc khoa hc v Tri t a triu ng t nho sng a chn nha t ng t trng trng lc Tri t trng a t qqu o Tri t trc Tri t nhn Tri t v Tri t ellipsoid Tri t s yn tnh Tri t trng trng lc Tri t t tnh Tri t manti Tri t d cu Tri t ng h Tri t su t dng triu rng, dng triu rt, thoi triu triu rng, triu rt Eburoni (k kh hu lnh Pleistocen Chu u) un np bc thang tit din bc thang, mt ct bc thang ngnh ng vt Da gai, ngnh Da gai kh hu hc eclogit

-67ecobalance ecocide ecoclimate ecodevelopment ecologic facies ecologic potenciel ecologic reef ecologic succession ecological agriculture ecological amplitude ecological balance ecological capacity ecological climatology ecological crisis ecological diversity ecological dominance ecological economic ecological efficiency ecological energetics Ecological Environmental Impact Assessment (EEIA) ecological explosion ecological factor ecological fallacy ecological geochemistry ecological geology ecological geophysics ecological imbalance ecological indicator ecological invasion ecological land-use planning ecological niche ecological optimum ecological psychology ecological pyramid ecological range ecological resilience ecological series ecological system ecological types ecologically sustainable development (ESD) ecology econometrics economic base theory economic bloc cn bng sinh thi cht dit sinh thi sinh thi kh hu pht trin sinh thi tng sinh thi tim nng sinh thi m tiu sinh thi din th sinh thi canh nng sinh thi bin sinh thi cn bng sinh thi kh nng sinh thi kh hu sinh thi hc khng hong sinh thi a dng sinh thi u th sinh thi kinh t sinh thi hiu qu sinh thi, nng sut sinh thi nng lng sinh thi nh gi tc ng mi trng sinh thi s bng n sinh thi yu t sinh thi ngu sinh thi a ho sinh thi a cht sinh thi, a cht mi trng a vt l sinh thi mt cn bng sinh thi ch th sinh thi s xm hi sinh thi quy hoch s dng sinh thi t biu tng sinh thi ti u sinh thi tm l hc sinh thi thp sinh thi dy sinh thi phc hi sinh thi lot sinh thi h sinh thi kiu sinh thi s pht trin bn vng sinh thi sinh thi hc ton kinh t c s l thuyt kinh t khi kinh t

-68economic climate economic determinism economic distance economic dualism economic efficiency economic environment economic geography economic globalization economic growth economic indicator economic planning economic rent economic sector economic system economic transformation economically active population economics economy ecopolitics ecospecies ecosphere ecosystem ecosystem health ecosystem management ecosystem rehabilitation ecosystem resilience ecosystem restoration ecosystem-based management ecotax ecotope ecotourism ecotoxicology ecotype edaphic edaphic formation edaphon eddy eddy diffusion eddy erosion ill river bed eddys structure edge kh hu kinh t thuyt tin nh kinh t khong cch kinh t thuyt kinh t nh nguyn hiu qu kinh t mi trng kinh t a l kinh t ton cu ho kinh t tng trng kinh t ch s kinh t k hoch ho kinh t thu kinh t khu vc kinh t, lnh vc kinh t h kinh t s chuyn i kinh t dn s tch cc v kinh t kinh t hc, nn kinh t kinh t hc chnh sch kinh t loi sinh thi quyn sinh thi h sinh thi h sinh thi sc kho, y t sinh thi qun l sinh thi s phc hi sinh thi s co dn h sinh thi s phc hi sinh thi qun l h sinh thi c s thu sinh thi sinh thi cnh du lch sinh thi c t sinh thi hc kiu sinh thi thuc th nhng, thuc v t s thnh to th nhng, thnh h th nhng khu h sinh vt th nhng xoy lc s phn tn xoy lc lp bn sng bo mn do xoy lc cu trc xoy lc edge g, ra, mp, khung ~ city ra thnh ph, ngai vi thnh ph; continental ~ ra lc a; ice ~ mp bawng; inner ~ khung trong (bn ); map ~ mp bn ; outer khung ngoi (bn ); upper ~ ra va, u va; water ~ mp nc. Edicari (h, k cui ca Neoproterozoi)

Edicarian

-69EEC, EC Eemian interglacial Eerth currents effective precipitation effective radiation efficiency effluent effluent of lake effluent river effluent stream efflux of lake effusion effusive rock effux velocity egg-stone = oolite Eifelian Ekman layer Ekman spiral El Nino southern oscillation elasticity elbow of capture electoral geography electromagnetic radiation electronic mapping electrostatic precipitator elementary landscape elementary surfaces of landform elevated block elevated reefs elipse eliptical coordinates ellipsoid ellipsoidal lava elongation Elster Ice Age Elsterian eluvial horizon eluviation eluvium embankment embayed coast embayment emerald emergent coastline emigration emission Cng ng Chu u gian bng Eemi trn ma hiu qu bc x c hiu qu, bc x hu ch c hiu qu dng chy thot dng thot ca h sng nhnh sui thot dng chy thot ca h s phun tro phun tro tc chy thot trng c bc, k Eifel (Devon trung) tng Ekman xon Ekman do ng nam El Nino tnh n hi khc ngot ot dng a l bu c bc x in t v bn in t kt ta tnh in cnh quan c bn b mt c s ca a hnh khi nng, a khi nng m tiu tri, m tiu nng hnh elip to elip dng elip dung nham elip b ko di, dng lo di k bng Elster k bng Elster (trong Pleistocen) tng tn tch s hhth tn tch; s kh st tn tch , s p b khc khu dng vnh gm mn, s to vnh, emeraud, ngc lc bo ng b b ngp, b ngp s di c s pht (x, nhit), s phun tro, s phun kh, s thot ra

-70~ of heat s pht nhit; ~ of lava s phun tro dung nham; gas ~ s thot kh; thermal ~ s pht x nhit. thuc kinh nghim bc, k Emsi (Devon h) bao th th t im cui, s kt thc, y, ra back ~ y; dead ~ im cht; ~ moraine bng tch ra; ~ moraine lakes h ra bng; ~ of eclipse kt thc thin thc (nht thc, nguyt thc); marked ~ u bc kim nam chm. u nam kim nam chm loi gy nguy him c hu, bn a, a phng dng a phng loi a phng, loi c hu din bin ni ng lc cc qu trnh ni sinh ni sinh trm tch ni sinh cc qu trnh ni sinh ni sinh bin thin ni sinh thc vt ni k sinh bn ni lu h ni lu khu vc ni lu tnh ni lu, h thng sng ni lu pht tn nh ng vt cy pht tn nh ng vt bin kn bao th thi k ng nng lng s chuyn i nng lng khng hong nng lng hiu sut nng lng canh nng nng lng dng nng lng thu nng lng gia bng h tri dt gia bng thung lng ghp enstatit kv pht tn nh cn trng cy pht tn nh cn trng

empirical Emsian enclave enclosure end

unmarked end endangered species endemic endemic forms endemic species endodynamic succession endogene processes endogenetic endogenetic deposits endogenetic processes endogenic endogenous variable endophytes endorheic basin endorheic lake endorheic region endorheism = endoreism endozoochores endozoochorous plants enclosed sea enclosure Eneolithic = Copper age energy energy conversion energy crisis = energy crises energy efficiency energy farming energy flow energy tax englacial englacial drift engrafted valley enstatite entomochores entomochorous plants

-71entomophages entomophagous animals entrainment entrepreneur entropy entropy-maximization procedure enviroment quality standards environment Environmental Agency Environmental Assessment (EA) environmental audit environmental biology environmental capital environmental change network environmental control environmental data environmental degradation environmental determinism environmental economics environmental education environmental engineering environmental harm environmental hazard Environmental Health Impact Assessment environmental heritage environmental impact Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Environmental Impact Statement environmental lapse rate environmental law environmental management environmental management systems (EMS) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program environmental perception environmental planning environmental pollution environmental protection policies environmental psychology environmental quality standards environmental reporting environmental science environmental statement (ES) n cn trng ng vt pht tn nh cn trng s cun tri nh doanh nghip, nh thu entropy th tc ti a ho entropy tiu chun cht lng mi trng mi trng c quan mi trng nh gi mi trng kim ton mi trng sinh vt hc mi trng mi trng mi trng kim tra mi trng t liu mi trng s suy thoi mi trng thuyt tin nh mi trng kinh t mi trng gio dc mi trng k thut mi trng s tn hi mi trng tai bin mi trng nh gi tc ng mi trng vi sc kho di sn mi trng tc ng mi trng nh gi tc ng mi trng Bo co (tuyn b) tc dng mi trng tc suy thoi mi trng lut mi trng qun l mi trng h qun l mi trng chng trnh kim sot v nh gi mi trng nhn thc mi trng k hoch ho mi trng nhim mi trng chnh sch bo v mi trng tm l hc mi trng tiu chun cht lng mi trng d bo mi trng, thng tin mi trng khoa hc mi trng bo co v mi trng

-72environmental sustainability environmental tax environmental toxicology environmentalism environmentally hazardous chemical environmentally Sensitive Area. ESA Eocambrian Eocene eolian eolian deposits eolian processes eolianite Eon Eonothem epeirogenesis epeirogenetic movements epeirogeny ephemeral ephemeral lake ephemeral stream ephemerids time epibiota epicenter epicentral area epicentre epicontinental sea epidote epigenesis epigenetic river epilimnion epiphyte epiphytic plants epiplatformian mountains epiplatformian orogenesis epirogenic movements epistemology epochs equa-angle projections equal area map equal-area projections equation of motion equatorial trough equator equatorial air tnh cht mi trng bn vng thu mi trng c t hc mi trng thuyt mi trng ho cht nguy him mi trng vng nhy cm mi trng Eocambri Eocen do gi trm tch do gi, trm tch phong thnh cc qu trnh do gi, cc qu trnh phong thnh phong thnh Lin i Lin gii to lc chuyn ng to lc to lc nht thi, tm thi h nht thi sui nht thi thi gian ngn h sinh vt bm y chn tm, chn tm ngoi vng chn tm, chn tm, chn tm ngoi chn tm ngoi chn tm, chn tm ngoi bin ni lc, bin ra lc a epidot kv biu sinh sng biu sinh tng mt nc h thc vt k sinh cy k sinh ni ngoi nn to ni ngoi nn chuyn ng ngoi sinh nhn thc lun th c php chiu ng gic bn ng din tch, bn ng lng php chiu ng din tch, php chiu ng lng phng trnh chuyn ng p thp xch o, p thp nhit i xch o khng kh xch o

-73equatorial air mass equatorial belt equatorial circulation equatorial climate equatorial coordinates equatorial countercurrent equatorial current equatorial depression equatorial forests zones equatorial rain forest equatorial tide equatorial trough equatorial undercurrent equatorial west-wind zone equatorial zone equidistant projections equigranular texture equilibrium equilibrium line equilibrium price equilibrium profile equilibrium species equinoctial rains equinox equiplanation equiscalar surfaces equivalent projections era Erathem erg ergeron eroding river erosion erosion and topsoil loss erosion mountains erosion of sea floor erosion ridge erosion surface erosion terrace erosional glacis erosional valley erosivity erratic erratic blocks eruption khi kh xch o ai xch o hon lu xch o kh hu xch o to xch o dng ngc xch o dng xch o trng xch o cc i rng xch o rng ma xch o triu xch o trng xch o dng ngm xch o i gi ty xch o i xch o php chiu ng khong cch kin trc ht u s cn bng ng cn bng gi cn bng trc din cn bng loi cn bng ma phn im phn im autumn ~ thu phn; vernal ~ xun phn phng u b mt v hng u php chiu tng ng nguyn i, i gii (khi lng trm tch thnh to trong mt nguyn i) sa mc, hoang mc ct ( Sahara) hong th cha vi sng xi mn xi mn xi mn v mt tng t mt sn h b xi mn xi mn y bin g xi mn b mt xi mn thm xi mn chn ni xi mn thung lng xi mn tnh cht xi mn lang thang khi lang thang s phun, s phun n (ca nni la)

-74eruption centre tm phun n eruption effusive s phun tro eruption of mixed type s phun n kiu hn hp eruptive activity hot ng phun tro eruptive breccia dm kt phun tro eruptive vent ming phun tro (ca ni la) ESA (environmentally sensitive vng mi trng nhy cm area) escarp vch ng, dc ng escarpment sn dc ng esker i ngon ngoo (a hnh vng bng h) essential minerals of rock khong vt ch yu ca , khong vt to estavettes hang c nc vng ca sng estuaries estuarine deposits trm tch vng ca sng estuarine lagoon m ph ca sng estuary ca sng ethmolith th phu, etmolit ethnic group nhm dn tc, nhm sc tc ethnicity tnh cht dn tc, tnh cht sc tc ethnocentricity tnh cht v chng, ch ngha v chng ethnography dn tc hc ethology phong tc hc eugeosyneline a mng thc th, chn a mng euphotic layer tng nc sng euphotic region vng nc sng euphotic zone i nc sng euryhalinity tnh cht rng mui euryoxybionts sinh vt rng oxy euryphagous animals ng vt n tp Eurypterids Eurypterid (dng b cp c, tui Silur-Devon) Eurypteryglus Eurypteryglus (b st c Jura, dng c voi, trc y quen gi l Ichthyosaurus thn ln c) eurythermobionts sinh vt chu nhit rng eurytopic organisms sinh vt thch nghi rng eurytopobionts sinh vt thch nghi rng eustasy dao ng mc i dng eustatic movements vn ng ng tnh eutrophic giu dinh dng eutrophic fan qut ph nhiu (giu dinh dng); qut bi tch ph nhiu (giu dinh dng). eutrophic lake h giu dinh dng, h ph nhiu eutrophic plants thc vt giu dinh dng, thc vt ph eutrophic swamp m ly giu dinh dng, m ly ph nhiu eutrophication ph ho evaporation s bay hi, s bc hi

-75actual ~ s bay hi thc t; ~ capacity kh nng bc hi; ~ discharge lng bc hi, lng bay hi d bay hi evaporit ( trm tch hnh thnh do qu trnh bay hi) trm tch bay hi s thot bc hi nc sng ni nh bng, rng ni nh bng kin trc ht u thng xanh h sinh thi thng xanh v na rng l rng rm thng xanh, rng kn thng xanh rng thng xanh h sinh thi m thng xanh thc vt thng xanh thc vt bi gai thng xanh s tin ho to vc nc xoy s no mn (ca sng bng) s khai thc, cng trnh khai thc, s khai qut khonh t tch ri, khonh t bit ly vng kinh t bng n s phn l, s phn phin, s rng l, s trc v ti nguyn kit qu s khai qut dng a hnh bo xi gi tr thc thuyt hin sinh, thuyt sinh tn mi trng hin h, mi trng hin ti ngoi sinh ~ deposits trm tch ngoi sinh; ~ processes cc qu trnh ngoi sinh s bin thin ngoi sinh ngoi a mng tiu nc ngoi lu (tiu nc ra bin) h ngoi lu mng ngoi lu ngoi quyn (vng ngoi cng ca kh quyn) to nhit ngoi lai ~ river sng ngoi lai; ~ terrane a khu ngoi lai thnh ph m rng bng h m rng chn s khuych tn m rng gi thuyt v tr gin n chu k khai thc

evaporative evaporite evaporite deposits evapotranspiration evencreted ridge evengrained texture evergreen evergreen and semi-decidous ecosystems evergreen close forest evergreen forest evergreen open ecosystem evergreen plants evergreen thorn bush evolution evorsion exaration excavations exclave exclusive economic zone exfoliation exhaustible resource exhumation exhumed forms of relief existence value existentialism existing environment exogenetic

exogenous variable exogeosynclinal exorheic drainage exorheic lake exorheism exosphere exothermic exotic expanded town expanded-foot glacier expansion diffusion expanding Univer hypothesis exploitation cycle

-76explosion explosive activity explosive eruption explosive ejection exponential growth exponential growth model exponential growth rate export quota export-processing zone exports substitution exposure extending flow extensive agriculture external cost external diseconomies external economies external magnetic field external shoreline externality externides extinct extinct in the wild extinction extinct volcano extractive industry extractive reserve extragalactic nebula extraglacial deposits extratropical cyclone extratropical monsoon extrazonal vegetation extreme continental climate extruding, extrusion flow extrusion extrusive (volcanic) rock extrusive edifice exurb eye eye of storm eye survey eyed texture s bng n hot ng bng n s phun n (ni la) s phun thot (ni la) tng trng s m m hnh tng trng s m tc tng trng s m hn ngch xut khu; quota xut khu vng ch xut s thay th xut khu vt l, s l dng ko di, dng m rng nng nghip m rng gi ngoi gi ngoi phi kinh t kinh t i ngoi ngoi t trng ng b ngoi trang thi ngoi, tnh cht bn ngoi i ngoi, cung th cp tuyt dit, tt (ni la), kh cn (h) tuyt dit sinh vt hoang d s tuyt dit, s tt (ni la) ni la tt, ni la ngng cng nghip khai khong tr lng khai thc tinh vn ngoi ngn h trm tch ngoi bng h gi xoy ngoi nhit i, lc ngoi nhit i gi ma ngoi nhit i thc vt i ngoi kh hu lc a cc tr dng phun tro s phun tro phun tro cng trnh phun tro ngoi mt, khe xut l (ca nc ngm) mt bo o bng mt thng, o c lng kin trc dng mt