1

M0h h06.kY Th0kT Th0Y L06 Vk kh hEh.

hguoI bIan soan.Ths.Fhung rhan Thanh
8o mon 6ha Iao may, khoa ro kh.
(6huong Irnh gIang day rho Iop ky su IaI nang ).





CAC NG DUNG
MY P THY
LC








2
GII THIU MN HC.
MN HC K THUT THU LC V KH NN
( FLUID POWER )
Ffluid power = Hydraulic power + Pneumatic.
-Hydraulic power:Truyn ng thu lc
-Pneumatic : Truyn ng kh nn.
I. Ni dung mn hc:Trnh by kin thc c bn v cc
phn t, linh kin,thit b thu lc v kh nn.
Phng php tnh ton,thit k cc mch thu lc
,kh nn c bn.
Mn hc gm c 3 phn c l thuyt v th nghim
thc hnh.:
-Phn I: Truyn ng thu lc (l thuyt).
-Phn II: Truyn ng kh nn (l thuyt).
-Phn th nghim thc hnh :Ti phng th
nghim.
II.Yu cu: Hon thnh phn th nghim l iu kin
tin quyt c d thi cui hc k.
III.Ti liu tham kho:
1.MICHAEL J.PINCHES JOHN.ASHBY.
POWER HYDRAULICS.
2.KH NN. Dch gi Phan nh Hun, dch t
nguyn bn ting Php .Trung tm bo dng
cng nghip.
3.Nguyn Ngc Cn.Truyn ng du p trong my
ct Kim loi. i hc Bch khoa TP.H Ch Minh.






3


CAC NG DUNG
MY P THY
LC






CAC NG DUNG CUA HETHONG
IEU KHIEN THUY LC
THIT B NGOM


4
PHN I: TRUYN NG THU LC.
CHNG1:
I CNG V TRUYN NG THU LC
(INTRODUCTION)
1.1.Cc nguyn l thu lc.
1.1.1.Cc tnh cht ca lu cht.
1-T trng ca cht lng thay i rt t khi
thay i p sut v nhit nn c th coi
l khng b nn.
2- nht l thng s lm vic rt quan
trng:
- nht ng lc: k hiu , n v
l:Poad P
1P =
m
s N
2
.
.
10
1

- nht ng:k hiu :
Vi : =

Th nguyn l :
S
m
2
. Gi :
S
m
2
4
10

l stc
k hiu l St v 1/100 ca Stc l centi stc k
hiu l : cSt.
1.1.2.Cc h thng n v dng trong thu lc.
-H mt:n v c s : mt,kg ,sec.
-H Anh: foot,pound,second
-H SI: mt,Newton,sec.
-Khi lng : 1 kg = 2.2 lb(hay 1 lb = 0.456 kg)-
(pound mass)
-Lc : (pound force) : 1 lbf = 4.45 N.
-Cng sut : 1 hp = 745,7 W .

1.1.3.p sut ca cht lng :
-p sut thu tnh Hnh 1.1
5





- nh lut Pascal: p sut bng Lc/ din tch:
Hinh 1.1b

a
F
A
W
p = = .
-Cng sinh ra: Cng = W.L = p.A.L.

-Ct p tnh: Bng tch t trng cht lng v
chiu cao ct cht lng: p
t
= w.h.
Bi tp 1.1.(trang 5).
Ca ht ca bm t thp hn mt thong ca b cha
0.6m .Bit t trng ca du l 0.86 ,Xc nh ct p tnh
ti ca ht ca bm ?
Bi gii :
p d ng c ng thc: p
t
= w.h
p
t
= 0.86.1000.0.6 = 516 kg/m
2

=0.0516 kg/cm
2

=0.0506 bar.(Ch 1kg/cm
2
=0.981 bar)



6

Hnh 1.1b.
1.1.4.Dng lu cht. Hnh 1.2
.Chiu dng chy: T ni c p sut cao n
ni p sut thp.
.Tn hao p sut trong ng ng:Ph thuc
vo s Rynl :
10
3 .

D v
Re
= ,vi :
V (m/s), D(mm), : nht ng (cst).
1.Chy tng (steamline flow): Re < 2300
a.T l thun vi l,d ca ng.
b.T l thun vi lu lng Q
c.Khng ph thuc vo p sut
d.Khng ph thuc nhm thnh ng.
e.Ph thuc rt nhiu vo nht ca
cht lng , nht ph thuc vo nhit
.
2-Chy ri(turbulent flow): Re > 2300
a.T l thun vi l,d ca ng.
b.T l bc hai vi lu lng Q
c.Khng ph thucvo p sut
d Ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhm
thnh ng.
e.Khng thuc vo nht ca cht lng
7







Hnh 1.2 : Quan h gia tn tht p sut v lu lng

Bi tp 1.2.(Trang 7)
T nh ton ng knh ng ht v ng
y ca bm c lu lng 40l/ph,vn tc ln nht c a
ht l 1.2 m/s, c a y l 3.5 m/s.
-Lu lng : Q = A. v
-Kt qu tnh ra : d
h
= 26.6 mm v d

= 15.6mm,phi
lm trn v ly theo tiu chun :d
h
= 29mm,d

= 20mm.
1.1.5.Cng v cng sut thu lc.
1.Cng thu lc:
Cng = Lc Qung ng =p sut th tch.
Cng = p.A.L = p.V.
2.Cng sut:
Cng sut =p sut lu lng.

KW
Q p
P
600

=

Bi tp 1.3.( trang 9)
Mt bm c lu lng 12 l/ph, lm vic vi p sut 200
bar.
1.Hy tnh cng sut thu lc ca bm.
2.Cho bit hiu sut chung ca bm l 60%,hy xc
nh cng sut ng c in quay bm?

8
1.2.Cc loi mch thu lc(Hydraulic circuitd):
Hnh 1.3
1.Mch thu lc h (Open-circuit
transmission)
2.Mch thu lc kn(Closed-circuit
transmission)




Hnh 1.3.Cc loi mch thu lc







9
3.S dt bm( Hnh 1.4)


Hinh.1.4.S t bm






Hinh.1.5.B d

1.3. K hiu tiu chun ho cc linh kin ca h thng
thu lc (hydraulic symbols).

10
CHNG 2:
BM TRONG H THNG THU LC
(PUMPS).
2.1 PHN LOI BM (TYPES OF PUMP)
Trong h thng thu lc bm cung cp cho cht
lng mt p sut cn thit khc phc cc tr lc v
mt lu lng yu cu m bo tc lm vic.C
hai nhm bm chnh:
1-Nhm bm ng hc hay cn gi l bm cnh
dn(non-positive displacement):
Hnh 2.1.




Hnh 2.1.Bm ng hc

11









Hinh2.1b. Bm ly tm


12




Hnh 2.1c,Bm hng trc

Hnh 2.1d.Cnh bm hng trc
13

2-Nhm bm th tch(positive displacement).
Ch ng c tnh ca 2 nhm .
Ta ch quan tm n nhm bm th tch.
Kho st 1 bm piston n :
Hnh 2.2 .



Cc thng s lm vic ca bm:
a.Lu lng ring ca bm: D
p
[cm
3
/vng)
b.Lu lng l thuyt : Q
lt
[lt/pht]
c.Lu lng thc t ca bm: Q
p
[lt/pht]
d.Hiu sut th tch ca bm: p
v
%

n D
Q
p p
p
v
p

e.Hiu sut m men xon : p
t
%

T
P D
p
p p
T
p
. 2

=
f.Hiu sut chung ca bm: p
o
%
) ( ) (
0

T v
p p p =




14
Bi tp 2.1: (Example 2.1) - Trang 17.
Mt bm c Dp=0.14 cm
3
/v quay n
p
=1440 v/ph, p sut
lm vic 150 bar.Hi u sut th tch 0.9,hi u sut chung
0.8.
1.H y x c nh l u l ng thc ca bm.
2.Cng sut vo trn trc bm.
3.M men xon trn trc bm.
Bi tp 2.2: Trang 18.
M t bm th tch c lu lng 1 l/ph . tr vo mt ng
c th tch l 1 l t.
Nu cui ng b chn t ngt .Hy tnh p su t tng
ln sau 1 giy?
Cho bit m un n hi c a du l B = 20.000 bar.

V
B
V
P

=
Xuy ra:
V
B
V
P

=
.
.Tnh ra 333 bar.
Nhn xt.
2.1.1.Bm quay.
Cc loi bm quay(Rotary pumps) gm:
1.Bm bnh rng n khp ngoi.
H nh 2.3: Bm bnh rng


15
Hinh2.3.Bm bnh rng











Bm banh rang an khp ngoai



2.Bm bnh rng n khp trong.
16



Bm banh rang trong


H nh2.4:Gerotor pump.



H nh2.4:Gerotor pump.


Bm bnh rng cho p sut cung cp 200 bar,
loi chnh xc c th n 300 bar.
3.Bm cnh gt.


17




H nh 2.5: Bm cnh gt
-Bm cnh gt n (simple vane pump): p sut
cung cp: 70 bar.
-Bm cnh gt kp(balanced vane pump): p
sut : 175 bar.




18














19
2.1.2.Bm piston(Reciprocating pumps).
C 3 loi bm piston: Bm piston dc trc,bm
piston hng knh v bm kiu dy .
c im chung: Nhm bm ny cho p sut lm
vic cao hn nhm bm quay do vic ch to t
chnh xc cao, kn kht cao.
1.Bm piston dc trc.(Axial piston pump).
Hnh 2.6 v hnh 2.7






20








21


Hnh 2.7a.b
- p sut lm vic: p= 350-700 bar(Thng p=350-400
bar)
-Qp: 200-3500 l/pht.



Hnh 2.7c


22

2.Bm piston hng knh (Radial piston pump).






Bm piston hng knh




23
He thong bm- ong c ien

Hnh . 2.8. v hnh 2.8 b




24
Hnh.2.8b

Hnh 2.8 c
-p sut lm vic: p=350-750 bar v cao hn na.
-Lu lng: Qp=200-1000 l/pht.
3.Bm piston dy(Plunger pump).
Hnh 2.9.


-p sut : p=1000 bar.
-Lu lng: Qp = 600l/pht.
25

2.1.3.Cc h thng iu khin bm c lu lng ring
thay i(Variable-displacement pump- control
systems).
-Phn ny cp n cc bm c lu lng ring
iu chnh c.(Dp thay i ).
1.Kiu iu khin tr ng bng tay(Manual
servocontrol).
Hnh 2.10 v hnh 2.11.
Dng tay iu khin van tr ng.







26





2.iu khin kiu b tr p sut(Presure-
compensated control).
Hnh 2.12 v hnh 2.13.




27


Dng mt van gii hn p sut v mt xy lanh tc
ng n.



3.iu khin c cng sut khng i (Constant power
control).
Hnh 2.14, hnh 2.15 v hnh 2.16.





28




u lng khng i(Constant-flow
Theo nh lut Toricelli .



4.iu khin c l
control).
Hnh 2.17.



29

2.1.4.La chn bm.
1. Cc thng s chnh khi la chn bm thu lc.Trang 30.
2. Cc bng tiu chun :
- Bng2.1:H thng p sut max cho cc ng dng.
-Bng 2.2: Phm vi p sut v lu lng ca mt
s loi bm.
- Bng 2.3:Hiu sut ca bm.








2.2.MCH BM.
C mt s mch bm thng dng trong h thng
thu lc:
1.Mch dng 1 bm c lu lng c nh(Mch h)
2.Mch kt hp 1 bm c lu lng c nh v bnh
tch p(Mch h).
3.Mch kt hp nhiu bm c lu lng c
nh(Mch h).
4.Mch chuyn i thu tnh(Mch thu lc kn).
2.2.1.Mch dng 1 bm c lu lng c nh.
Hnh 2.18 v hnh 2.19.
30


Ch n cc trng hp ng dng c hiu qu.
2.2.2.Mch kt hp 1 bm lu lng c nh v bnh
tch p (acumulator).
Hnh 2.20.





31
Bi tp ng dng 2.3: Trang 37 So snh hiu qu
khi dng bnh tch p.
Mt xilanh lm vic theo chu k p su t v lu lng
nh : Hnh 2.21 v hnh 2.22 v h nh 2.23.
T nh to n c ng su t tiu th trong hai trng hp
dng bm c lu lng c nh v h thng c bnh
tch p.








32
2.2.3.Mch c nhiu bm(Multi-pump).
- Mch c 3 b m:
Bi tp 2.4 -H nh 2.24

- M ch c 2 bm : H nh 2.15.
Bi tp 2.5



33
2.2.4.Mch dng bm c lu lng ring thay i
c.


2.3.DN NG CHO BM.
-ng c in.
-ng c t trong.
-ng c kh nn.
-ng c thu lc.
Hnh 2.26.Mch gim ti cho bm bng van
thot(Vent valve).


Hnh 2.27.Mch bm dng van thot khng
kh.(airbleed valve).

Hnh 2.28.Mch dng ng c kh nn.
34






2.4.THIT K MCH BM.
(Pump circuit design stady).
Bi tp 2.6:Bi tp tp tng hp.
D liu thit k: H thng thu lc cp du bi 1 bm ,
yu cu c ng c tnh lm vic v lu lng v p
sut nh hnh 2.29. Thi gian ton b chu k l 30
giy.H thng yu cu lu lng mt na chu k,cn p
sut cn thit trong 2/3 chu k.S dng du khong v
khng c yu cu g c bit. Vi cng d liu trn c 4
gii php thc hin :

1.Dng 1 bm c lu lng c nh.
2.Dng kt hp 2 bm c lu lng c nh.
3.Dng mch c kt hp vi bnh tch p.
4.Dng mch bm c b tr p sut.


35







36









37


















CHNG III: VAN THU LC
(HYDRAULIC VALVE).
Trong mch van thu lc nm gia bm v c cu tc
ng. theo chc nng c 3 nhm van :
1.Van iu khin p sut(presure control valves).
3.Van iu khin lu lng(flow-control valves).
3.Van iu khin hng (directional control valves).
4.Van c c t t(cartridge valves).
Tn hiu iu khin :
-Tnh hiu s(digital signal).
-Tn hiu tng t(analogue signal).



38



39
3.1.VAN IU KHIN P SUT.
Nhm van iu khin p sut chia ra 4 loi vi chc
nng khc nhau:
1.Van an ton hay van trn(Rilief valves) :Chc nng
gii hn p sut ln nht ca mch ,bo v mch trnh
b qu ti.
2.Van cn bng(counterbalance valves):Chc nng l
to ra mt i p cn bng vi mt ti trng khng
cho n dch chuyn khi mch ngh(do nh hng ca
trng lng).
3.Van tun t(presure sequence valves):Chc nng cho
php s lm vic theo th t trc sau ca cc c cu
tc ng khi t ngng p sut ci t.
4.Van gim p(presure-reduccing valves):Chc nng
gim p sut cp cho cc mch c yu cu p sut
lm vic khc nhau vi cng 1 ngun chung.




3.1.1.Van an ton.
Chc nng:Ci t p sut ln nht cho mch v bo v
qu ti cho mch.
1.Cc loi van an ton.
Hnh 3.1
Hnh3.2
Hnh3.3
Hnh 3.4
Hnh3.5
Hnh 3.6 v hnh 3.7.

40








41








42







2.Cc ng dng:
a.Mch c 2 van an ton bo v xy lanh thu lc.
Hnh.3.8.




43

b.Mch gim ti cho bm:
Hnh 3.9.
Hnh 3.10 v Hnh 3.11.




44


3.1.2.Van cn bng: Chc nng l to ra mt i p
cn bng vi mt ti trng khng cho n dch chuyn
khi mch ngh(do nh hng ca trng lng).
C 2 loi van c n bng:
-Van cn bng thng thng.
Hnh 3.12.



-Van cn bng c iu khin(over-center valve).
Hnh 3.13.
Hnh 3.15.


45



Bi tp 3.1
Bi tp 3.2 v bi tp 3.3.
3.1.3.Van tun t: Chc nng cho php s lm vic theo
th t trc sau ca cc c cu tc ng khi t
ngng p sut ci t.
Hnh 3.16 v hnh 3.18.
A
+
,

B
+
,

B
-
,

A
-
.






46






47
3.1.4.Van gim p: Chc nng gim p sut cp
cho cc mch c yu cu p sut lm vic khc nhau
vi cng 1 ngun chung.

Hnh 3.19.









Hnh 3.19.

Bi tp 3.4.


48
8.Z.Vkh IE0 khIEh L00 L00h.
( FL0W60hT0L VkLVE8).
6hur nang . Iau rhnh Iuu Iuong va o d}nh
Iuu Iuong rho marh.
Luu Iuong rhay qua van Iuan Ihao d}nh IuaI
TorIraIII. hnh 8.Z0

=
p
x K q . .
ky hIau T6h. hnh 8.Z1.







49

6o 8 IoaI van Iuu Iuong dar bIaI.
1.Van Iam rham araIaraIIon vaIvas.
Z.Van Iuu Iuong ro bu Iru do nhoI
VIsrosIIy
or IamparaIurarompansaIad vaIvas.
8.8o on IorFrassurarompansaIad
vaIvas.
1.Van lam cham:
hnh 8.ZZ.van Iam rham.




50



hnh 8.Z8.Marh ung dung.
2.Bo on toc.
hnh 8.Z4.8o on Ior.




51


8.Z.1.Iau khIan Ior do moI xy Ianh.
6o 8 rarh daI van Iuu Iuong Irong marh.
aI van Iuu Iuong o duong dau vao MaIar
In.
aI van Iuu Iuong o duong dau ra MaIar
ouI.
aI van Iuu Iuong o duong ra nhanh.8Iaad
oII
hnh 8.Z6.
hnh 8.Z7.
hnh 8.Z8.




52











53

8aI Iap ung dung 8.6(Irang 77).
MoI xy Ianh Ihuy Iur khI IIan rh}u moI Iur 100
kh,khI IuI rh}u IaI 10kh Ta sa xam xaI hIau qua
khI da I van Iuu Iuong o rar v} Ir khar nhau.Trong
rar phuong an dau Iay Ior do IuI nhanh nhu nhau
Ia 6mlphuI su dung Ioan bo Iuu Iuong rua bom.
Ia su ap suaI Iam vIar rua bom Ia 160 bar va
Ion hao ap suaI qua rar IInh kIan rua ha Ihong
Ia.
.8o Ior=8bar
.Van phan phoI=Z bar moI rhIau
.Van Iuu Iuong=10 bar
.Van 1 rhIau=8bar.
hay xar d}nh.
a.uong knh rua xy Ianh?
b.Luu Iuong va ap suaI rua bom?
r.hIau suaI rua marh?Irong rar Iruong hop.
Truong hop 1.Marh khong dung van Iuu
Iuong .
Truong hop Z.Marh daI van Iuu Iuong o
duong dau vao.

54






55



Truong hop 8.Marh daI van Iuu Iuong o
duong dau ra.

8.Z.Z. Van Iuu Iuong ro 8 rua(ro Iham rua IhoaI
bypass Iypa)
hnh 8.8Z.6ong ngha va ky hIau.
hnh 8.88.Marh ung dung .



56





57

8.Z.8.Van Iuu Iuong ro uu IIan.
hnh 8.84.6ong ngha


hnh 8.86.ky hIau quI uor.

58

hnh 8.86.ung dung Irong marh.
8.Z.4.Marh rau.

hnh 8.87.Marh Ihong Ihuong.


hnh 8.88.Marh rau
59

hnh 8.89.0ng dung Irong marh.

8.Z.6.Marh nhIau Ior do nho dung van Iuu Iuong.
hnh 8.40.




60
8.Z.6.6hIa Iuu Iuong.
6hIa bang van Iuu Iuong.
6hIa bang mo Io Ihuy Iur.




hnh mInh hoa Irang 89.


hnh 8.41.6ong ngha
61



hnh 8.4Z va hnh 8.48 0ng dung vao marh.






62
8aI Iap ung dung 8.6. hnh 8.44
MoI marh Ihuy Iur rua may ap rho o hnh
8.44.
hay xar d}nh Ior do va IaI Irong Ion nhaI Irong
rar qua Irnh .
1.6hay nhanh rhua ap Ior do nhanh
Z.Ep so bo Ior do vua
8.Ep hoan IaI Ior do rham.


63
8.8. Vkh IE0 khIEh h00h
(IE6TI0hkL 60hT0L VkLVE8)
6hur nang.Iau khIan huong rhuyan dong rua rhaI
Iong.
Ta nghIan ruu rar IoaI van huong sau.
Van 1 rhIau (rhark vaIvas)
Van phan phoI kIau nap day (popaaI
vaIvas)
van phan phoI kIau ron IruoI (sIIdIng
spooI Iypa)
8.8.1.Van moI rhIau.Ta xam xaI 4 IoaI Ihong
dung.
1.Van 1 rhIau Ihong Ihuong. 6h rho dong dau dI
Ihao 1 rhIau .


hnh 8.46.6ong ngha va ky hIau van 1 rhIau .
64
Z.Van moI rhIau ro dIau khIan.
hnh 8.46.6ong ngha va marh ung dung van
1 6hIau ro dIau khIan Iam rhur nang
van ran bang.








hnh 8.47.Van 1 rhIau ro dIau khIan ro duong
dau ro.
65
8.Van Iam day (FraIIII vaIvas).
hnh 4.88






66

hnh4.89. 0ng dung marh may ap.
4.Van ron IhoI(shuIIIa vaIvas).



hnh 8.61. 0ng dung van ron IhoI rho marh
ao rhIau mo Io Ihuy Iur.
67
8.8.Z.Van phan phoI kIau nap day. 6au Iao.
.hnh 8.6Z

1.0u dIam. o kn khI rao.
TuoI Iho rao.
Tar dong nhanh.
Z.hhuor dIam.
6ha Iao phur Iap.
han rha Iuu Iuong qua van.
kho daI nhIau v} Ir .Ihuong rh ro Z v}
Ir.
6ar IIau rhuan da xar d}nh moI van phan
phoI
(xam xaI rung voI van kIau ron IruoI).

68
8.8.8.van phan phoI kIau ron IruoI(8IIdIng
spooIIypa
dIrarIIonaI ronIroI vaIvas). hnh 8.64.6au
Iao.

1.0u dIam.
6ha Iao da
Luu Iuong qua van Ion
6o Iha daI nhIau v} Ir.
Z.hhuor dIam.
o kn khI khong rao do ro IruoI.
Lam vIar da b} mon do do IuoI Iho
khong
rao
Tuy nhIan do ro uu dIam Ion nan duor
dung
raI pho bIan .
69
hnh 8.66. hnh dang rhung van 4
rua,dIau khIan dIan.



8.6ar IIau rhuan da xar d}nh moI van phan
phoI.
a.8o rua. Z,8,4,6 rua.ky hIau bang rhu raI
F,k,8,T hoar so 1,Z,4,8,6.
b.8o v} Ir.ro Z va 8 v} Ir. MoI v} Ir ky
hIau
bang 1 o vuong
V du. ZlZ, 8lZ,4lZ,4l8,6lZ,6l8.
r.Irang IhaI on d}nh . Van nh} on.
Van don on.
d.kIau dIau khIan.
a.V} Ir gIua rua van 8 v} Ir.
70

hnh 8.66.




71

hnh 8.67.6ar v} Ir gIua .



72

hnh 8.69.6ar kIau dIau khIan van.


hnh 8.60.Tar dong dIan( soIanoId).



73

8.8.4.Van phan phoI haI Iang.


hnh 8.68. hnh dang rhung



74



hnh 8.64. 8o do marh



75

8.4.Vkh 6k6 T0T(6kTIE VkLVE8).
Van rar IuI ron goI Ia van IogIr.
6au Iao gom 1 IoI va moI vo.
hnh 8.68.



Van rar IuI ro Iha Ihur hIan rar rhur
nang.van 1 rhIau,van phan phoI,van Iuu Iuong
,van ap suaI.
kaI rau ro Z IoaI.LoaI nap day(poppaI) va kIau
ron
IruoI (8pooIIypa rarIrIdgavaIvas).
76
8.4.1.Van rar IuI kIau nap day.
Van kIau nap day ro 8 IIaI dIan Iam vIar dar
Irung.
k
x
,k
k
,k
8

VoI. k
x
=k
k
+k
8
.




1.van rar IuI Iam rhur nang van 1 rhIau.
khI k
8
=0.
hnh 8.69. LoaI ran bang(baIanra)
X noI voI 8. van 1 rhIau Ihong Ihuong
X noI voI nguon. van 1 rhIau ro IaI.





77

Z.Van rar IuI khong ran bang(0nbaIanra).
hnh 8.70.
khI x=0.van rho Iuu Iuong dI Z rhIau
khI x0.van khoa.










8.Van rar IuI Ihuong dong. hnh 8.71.
6o x Ih van mo.
78


4.6hur nang van Iuu Iuong(rasIrIrIor p.v).
hnh 8.7Z.





79
6.Van 1rhIau dIau khIan dIan.
hnh 8.74.
6o dIan. 8 k
khong ro dIan.k8.





6.Van rar IuI ro khoan Io.
hoaI dong rua van rar IuI phu Ihuor vao vIar
dong hay mo (khoa hay IhoaI ) rua van ZlZ
dIau khIan
dIan
hau X IhoaI.ra 8 rarh Iap rho Iuu Iuong dI
rung
1rhIau.
hau X b} khoa.
80
a.6h rho 8 k
b.6h rho k 8
r.6an Iro ra Z rhIau.


7.Iau khIan Iu xa van rar IuI.
hnh 8.76. 6hur nang van ZlZ.
6o dIan khoa van,khong ro dIan mo van.
81


hnh 8.77.6hur nang van Iuu Iuong.


8.FhoI hop nhIau van da dIau khIan xy Ianh.
hnh 8.78.ung 4 van rar IuI phoI
hop ro Iha ro nhIau Irang IhaI Iam vIar rua xy
Ianh.


82


9.Van rar IuI Iam rhur nang van gIoI han ap
suaI.
hnh 8.79
khI van phu (van an Ioan) mo.Van rar IuI rhnh
maI ran bang nan mo nhanh dua dau va ba.
83






hnh 8.80.van rar IuI raI daI 8 gIa Ir}
ap suaI khar nhau Iuy Ihuor v} Ir rua van
phan
phoI 4 rua ,8 v} Ir.


84
8.4.1.Van rar IuI kIau ron IruoI(spooIIypa rarIrIdga
vaIvas).
1.Van ron IruoI kIau ran bang.
hnh 8.81.
a.6hur nang van gIoI han ap suaI
b.6hur nang van gIam ap.








Z.Van bu ap suaI(prassura rompansaIors).
hnh 8.8Z
a.Van Iuu Iuong ro 8 rua
b.8o on Ior
85



8.Van gIam ap

.
8.88
uong raI daI ap suaI rho


hnh
Van an Ioan Ihong Ih
In hIau IaI x,khI x Ihay doI Iam Ihay doI ap suaI ra
rua van rar IuI Iur Ia rhur nang van gIam ap.



86
h00h 4

















6 . 6k6 60 6k0 Tk6 0h.
(k6T0kT08)
o rau Iar dong Ia ro rau bIan doI nang Iuong dung
a bIan ap suaI dau Ihanh rong ro hor.
ong suaI IIau hao rua ha Ihong Ihuy Iur phu Ihuor
ao.Iuu Iuong rung rap ,ap suaI IIau hao va hIau suaI
ua ha Ihong.
o 8 IoaI ro rau Iar dong ro ban

6
d
6
v
r
6 .
87
Ihang dI
va.

gor gIoI han.


4.1
a.Xy Ianh Ihuy IurIhur hIan rhuyan dong

b. mo Io Ihuy Iur Ihur hIan rhuyan dong quay Iron
IIan Iur.
r.Xy Ianh quayIhur hIan rhuyan dong quay qua
quay
IaI Irong 1






.XY Lkhh Th0Y L06(hYk0LI6 6YLIhE8).
88
.1.1
Xy Ianh Ihuy Iur rhIa ra Iam 8 nhom rhnh.
Xy Ianh kIau rhIam rho (dIspIaramanI).
Xy Ianh Iar dong don(sIngIa arIIng).
Xy Ianh Iar dong kap(doubIa arIIng).








4 .Xy Ianh kIau rhIam rho.



hnh 4.1
6au Iao gom.6an pIsIon,vo xy Ianh raI don gIan,bar
dan huong rho ran ,Iam da da dIau rhnh hanh Irnh
va ro 1 Io dan dau.


89


TaI Irong rua xy Ianh.

4
Iar dung,p.ap suaI,d.duong k
Tor do rua ran.
.
.
2
d
P F

=
F.Iur nh ran.
a
Q
V =
.Iuu Iuong ,a.dIan Irh rua ran.
I Iap 4.1.( 8a hnh 4.Z)






Indars). Xy Ianh Iang(IaIasropIr ryI



90

o duong
knh Ion nhaI sa IIan Iruor v dIan Irh Ion hon.
hnh 4.8.
8aI Iap 4.Z(hnh 4.4).Tang nao r

91







92
4.1.Z.Xy Ianh Iar dong don(sIngIaarIIng ryIIndars).
kaI rau.hnh 4.6
ky hIau IIau rhuan hoa.





4.1.8.Xy Ianh Iar dong kap(oubIaarIIng ryIIndars).
kaI rau hnh 4.6
ky hIau IIau rhuan hoa.


93
1.Tor do rua xy Ianh Iar dong kap.
hnh 4.7

a. khI xy Ianh IIan.

) ( a A A
V
q Q
E E

= =
Luong dau IhoaI khoI xy Ianh nho hon Iuong dau
vao xy Ianh.

A
a A
Q q
E E
) (
.

=
b.khI xy Ianh IuI.

A a A
v
Q q
R R
=

=
) (


) (
.
a A
A
q Q
R R

=
Luong dau IhoaI Ion hon Iuong dau dua vao xy Ianh
nan rhu y khI rhon rar IInh kIan nhu van,ong dan

8aI Iap 4.8.Tnh Iuu Iuong rap va IhoaI khoI xy Ianh.



94

Z.TaI Irong rua xy Ianh Iar dong kap.
a.TaI Irong Inh(sIaIIr).
kha nang IaI Inh bang Irh rua ap suaI va dIan Irh
Iam vIar.
b.TaI Irong dong(dynamIr).
TaI Irong dong bang 90% IaI Inh.o ka maI maI
do ma saI .
8aI Iap 4.4.Tnh IaI dong rua xy Ianh.
r.Marh IaI Iao.(aganaraIIva rIrruIIs).
hnh 4.8.

Luu Iuong dua vao xy Ianh nhIau hon Iuu Iuong do
bom rung rap.
Iong
=
bom
+ q

95

8aI Iap 4.6.Tnh Ior do va IaI Irong rua xy Ianh
marh IaI Iao.
hhan xaI. Tor do va IaI Irong gIong nhu Inh rho xy
Ianh kIau rhIam rho.
d.Xy Ianh ro ran doI xung .
a.TIau rhuan hoa duong knh rua xy Ianh.
8ang 4.1(Irang 140)
=40,60,68,80,100,1Z6,140,160,180,Z00,ZZ0,Z60,Z80,8Z0
d=Z0,Z8,86,46,66,70,90,100,110,1Z6,140,160,180,Z00.

4.1.4.Tang Ior va Iam rham moI xy Ianh rh}u IaI.
1.Tang Ior xy Ianh.
khI Iang Ior xy Ianh IIan quan dan rar rong Ihur .
t a u V . + =
s a
u v
. . 2
2 2
+ =

t
a t u S
2
.
2
1
. + =
( )t v u s .
2
1
+ =

96



Lur ma saI. F
ms
= .W
Lur quan Inh . F
qI
= m.a
Trong Iruong hop Iong quaI .Lur Iar dung Ian xy
Ianh
duor Inh Ihao rong Ihur .
F=F
ms
+F
qI
+F
n

VoI .F
n
Ia Iur nang
F
n
=m.g.sIn.


b
1







97
8aI Iap 4.6.Tnh duong knh xy Ianh rh}u IaI Irong
Ihao phuong ngang.

Z.Lam rham rhuyan dong rua moI xy Ianh rh}u IaIxy
Ianh gIam rhan.
hnh 4.11 .Xy Ianh ro gIam rhan.


98




8o gIam rhan Iap vao da hap Ihu dong nang ruoI
hanh Irnh rua xy Ianh.
khI vao khu vur gIam rhan ap suaI Iang Ian doI ngoI
nan phaI dar bIaI rhu y.
8aI Iap 4.7.6ho moI xy Ianh Ihuy Iur ro
=1Z6mm,d=70mm.ung nang IaI m=Z000kg Ihao
phuong Ihang dung.Tor do nang va ha v = 8mls.khI nang
Ior do dIau rhnh nho bom,khI ha nho van IIaI Iuu.
TaI Irong rham dan rho dan khI dung han Irong quang
duong gIam rhan Ia 60mm.kp suaI raI daI rho van an
Ioan Ia 140 ba.
hay xar d}nh ap suaI gIam rhan Irung bnh khI nang va
ha xy Ianh ?

99






100

8.Tor do Ion nhaI rua xy Ianh.
Xy Ianh khong gIam rhan . v 8mlph
Xy Ianh ro gIam rhan . v=1Zmlph
khI ro gIam rhan ngoaI . Van Ior ro Iha dan 46mlph.
4.hhIaI do Iam vIar rua xy Ianh.
hhIaI do dau . I 60
o
r
hhIaI do vong Iam kn . I 80
o
r.
4.1.6.6o d}nh xy Ianh va Inh Ioan sur ban duong knh
ran xy Ianh.


101
1.6ar phuong phap ro d}nh xy Ianh. hnh 4.16.

Z.Tnh sur ban ran xy Ianh .Tranh b} uon dor (burkIIng)
6ong Ihur EuIar .

L
J E
K
2
2
. .

=
J .Mo man quan Inh (rm
4
),
64
.
4
d
J

= .
E. Mo dun dan hoI (kglrm
Z
),Thap rhon.
E=Z,1.10
6
kglrm
Z

L.6hIau daI Iuong duong . L=m.I
102
VoI.I rhIau daI Iam vIar Ihur.
m.ha so phu Ihuor IIan kaI Ira bang.
k. Lur IoI han . k=F.s
8. ha so an Ioan (s=8.6).




103

8aI Iap 4.8.MoI marh IaI Iao dung rho may ap nguor
hnh 4.19. ban ranh Ia duong dar Inh Ior do va IaI
Irong.8aI dau rhu Irnh xy Ianh IIan voI IaI Irong 7
Ian,da nang khuon ap va rhu Ihap.khI dong khuon ap
suaI Iang Ian ,Iar dong vao rong Iar Ihuy Iur Ihay doI Iu
marh IaI Iao sanh marh Ihong Ihuong.kp suaI Iar dong
Ian rong Iar Ihuy Iur raI daI gIa Ir} Iang Z0% so voI ap
suaI nang khuon.TaI Irong Ion nhaI rua may ap Ia Z0
Ian o hanh Irnh 1,7m.
hay Inh rhon xy Ianh rho may ap( va d).
6ho bIaI ap suaI rua ha Ihong khong qua Z60 bar.











4.Z.XY Lkhh 0kY (8EMI0TkY k6T0kT08).
4.Z.1.Xy Ianh quay kIau ranh gaI.
hnh 4.Z0.
104

4.Z.Z.Xy Ianh quay kIau pIsIon.

hnh 4.Z1.

105

hnh 4.ZZ
hnh 4.Z8









106
4.Z.8.Xy Ianh quay kIau vI xoan.
hnh 4.Z4.




4.8.M0 T0 Th0Y L06(hYk0LI6 M0T08)
Tuong Iu nhu bom,ro Z IoaI dong ro Ihuy Iur.
a.LoaI ro rhI IIaI quay Iua.kIau banh rang,ranh gaI,
garoIor vv
b.LoaI pIsIon.FIsIon huong Irur,pIsIon huong knh.
4.8.1.ong ro Ihuy Iur kIau quay.
1.kIau banh rang an khop ngoaI.
107


hnh 4.Z6.
Thong Ihuong so vong quay n = 4001000 vlphuI.LoaI
rao Ior ro Iha dan 4000 vlphuI,rong suaI dan 10 kW.
kp suaI Iam vIar dan Z00bar.
hoI rhung ro hIau suaI khong rao Iru IoaI rhnh xar ro
Iha daI 96%.
Z.LoaI aar moIor(orbII MoIor).



aroIormoIors
108

hnh 4.Z6.
8o vong quay n = 10 Z000 vlphuI. Mo man xoan T =
800 hm.LoaI dar bIaI ro n = 1 vlphuI,T = 4000 nm.
8.Mo Io kIau ranh gaI.


hnh 4.Z7.
109
Thuong Ia IoaI ro Mo man xoan Ihap dan Irung bnh
T=1600 hm,n dan 100vlphuI.LoaI dar bIaI ro mo man
xoan rao dan 18.000hm,n = 0 160 vlphuI.

4.Mo Io IoaI. ramroIor.
hnh 4.Z8.
hguyan Iar gIong nhu mo Io ranh gaI Ihong Ihuong rh
ro dar dIam Ia Z ram hnh anIp bo Ir Iarh nhau 90
o
Iao
ra rar ranh gaI quay Irong vo hnh Iru.
kp suaI Iam vIar 176 Z10 bar,n = 60 8000 vlphuI.
4.8.Z.Mo Io Ihuy Iur kIau pIsIon.




1.kIau pIsIon huong Irur.
110

hnh Z.7 (6huong Z).

Z.kIau baIIpIsIon. hnh 4.Z9.
kp suaI dau ap rar pIsIon bI Iua vao rar maI ram sInh
ra phan Iur Iran maI IIap xur.Fhan Iur rhIa Ihanh rar
Ihanh phan dor Irur va IIap Iuyan ,Ihanh phan IIap
Iuyan Iao ra mo man quay rho mo Io.ar bIaI IoaI 9
pIsIon,ram ro 8 ranh Iao ra Z7 hanh Irnh l 1vong.LoaI
nay ro Iuu Iuong rIang 160 170 rm
8
lvong, n
max
= 600
vlphuI.
8.kIau pIsIon huong knh.
111




Thasa pumps ara vaIva ronIroIIad, saIIprImIng, radIaI pIsIon pumps WIIh
IIxad dIspIaramanI.
Thay ronsIsI basIraIIy oI Iha housIng (1), arranIrIr shaII (Z) and Iha
pump aIamanIs (8), WIIh Iha surIIon vaIva (4), prassura vaIva (6) and
pIsIon (6).
8urIIon and daIIvary prorass
Tha pIsIons (6) ara arrangad radIaIIy around Iha arranIrIr shaII (Z).
FIsIon (6) Is guIdad In Iha ryIIndar (7) and Is prassad onIo Iha arranIrIr
shaII (Z) by sprIng (8). 0n doWnWard movamanI oI Iha pIsIon (6), Iha
WorkIng rhambar (9) In Iha ryIIndar (7) Inrraasas In sIta. Tha rasuIIIng
nagaIIva prassura IIIIs Iha surIIon vaIva pIaIa (4.1) Irom Iha saaIIng
adga, Ihus ronnarIIng Iha surIIon rhambar (10) Io Iha WorkIng
rhambar (9). Tha WorkIng rhambar noW IIIIs WIIh IIuId. 0n upWard
movamanI oI Iha pIsIon (6), Iha surIIon vaIva rIosas and prassura vaIva
(6) opans. FIuId noW IIoWs vIa prassura porI (F) InIo Iha sysIam.
112




TWoparI housIng (1; Z), roIary pIsIon assambIy (8; 4) ram (6),
ouIpuI shaII (6) and ronIroI sarIIon (7)
TransmIssIon
Tha roIor (4) Is ronnarIad Io Iha shaII (6) by maans oI spIInas.Tha
pIsIons (8) ara arrangad radIaIIy In Iha roIor (4) and ara supporIad
on Iha ram pIaIa (6) by Way oI roIIars (8).


Tran hnh 4.80.6ar pIsIon huong knh qua Ihanh Iruyan
Iam Irur Iarh Iam quay.







113










Tran hnh 4.81 Ia kIau dan dau Iu Irong.
Tran bang 4.Z nau rar dar Inh rua 1 so IoaI mo Io Ihuy
Iur.
4.4 Marh mo Io Ihuy Iur.
4.4.1.Marh rhuyan doI ho.


hnh 4.8Z.
114
Ta Ihuong gap Z Iruong hop dIan hnh sau.
1Marh ro mo man xoan rua mo Io Ihuy Iur khong
doI.khI IuuIuong rIang mo Io.

m
= ronsIan.
khI do.

D
D
D n
p
m
p p
cons n = = tan
.

. tan
2
.
cons
P D
T
m m
m
= =

2
. .
.
n P D
n T N
m m m
m m m
= =
Marh ro. T
m
= ronsIan, hnh 4.88.


ZMarh ro rong suaI khong doI.
hau Iuu Iuong rIang rua bom khong doI.
p
= ronsIan.
khI do Ia ro.

D
D n
m
p p
n
.
=
115

2
.
P D
T
m m
m
=
tan
2
. .
. cons
n P D
n T N
m m m
m m m
= = =

Marh ro .h
m
= ronsIan, hnh 4.84.





8hIau suaI rua dong ro Ihuy Iur.
hIau suaI Iha Irh rua mo Io.Luu Iuong Ihur rung rap rho
mo Io Ion hon Iuu Iuong Iy IhuyaI.

v
m m
m
m
n D
Q
.
=
Trong do .

v
m Ia hIau suaI Iha Irh rua mo Io.
Mo man xoan rua mo Io Inh Ihao Iy IhuyaI Ia .
2
.
P D m m

116
Mo man xoan Ihur Ia nho hon .

2
.
.
P D m m
t
m
Trong do.

t
m Ia hIau suaI ro rua mo Io.
6ong suaI Iy IhuyaI rua mo Io.
P
Q
m
m
.
6ong suaI Ihur Ia.

0
. .
P
Q
m
m

VoI.

0

hIau suaI rhung rua mo Io.
=

v
m

t
m
8aI Iap 4.9
4.Marh mo Io Ihuy Iur ho ro dao rhIau.


hnh 4.86.
4.4.Z.Marh rhuyan doI kn.
117

hnh 4.86





hnh 4.87



118


hnh 4.88.
4.4.8.Marh ghap nhIau mo Io.
hap noI IIap.






hnh 4.40
119
hap song song .




hnh 4.4Z.










120
Fhkh II.T0YEh 0h kh hEh.

6huong 1.ky IhuaI kh nan daI ruong.
1.1.hhung uu nhuor dIam rua Iruyan dong kh nan.
1.0u dIam.
8o Iuong du Iru. 8o Iuong khong kh khong han rha.
Van rhuyan nho duong ong.
khong rh}u anh huong rua nhIaI do.
6hong rhay no.
8arh sa khong o nhIam.
ap ung nhanh,dIau rhnh vo rap van Ior.
8u qua IaI khong b} hu hong.
Ia IhIaI b} ra.
Z.hhuor dIam.
Ton kam nan va su Iy da ro kh nan.
Tnh rhaI nan duor.
Lur Iam vIar b} gIoI han nho.
khong on d}nh van Ior
8u xa kh.







121


1.Z.Thanh phan khong kh.












khong kh rhua 78%kh nI Io,Z1% kh o xy,va 1% rar kh
ron IaI nhu rar bo nr,hy do ro,ar gong,ha II,xa nong0
dIau kIan ap suaI kh quyan khoI Iuong rIang rua khong kh
o 0
o
r Ia 1,Z98kglm
8
.hhIaI do hoa Iong Ia 19Z do 6.



1.8.6ar dar Inh rua kh nan.
khaI nIam ap suaI kh quyan.hnh 1.1.

kp suaI kh quyan. p
a
= 1018 mbar, o 0
o
r,o mur nuor bIan
122
6han khong IuyaI doI.
kp suaI Iuong doI.


Ap suat tuyet oi
Ap suat kh quyen
Chan khong tuyet oi
Ap suat tng oi
Ap suat
(bar)








P
tyuet oi
= P
kh quyen
+ P
tng oi


hnh 1.1

6ar Inh rhaI.Tnh nan duor,Inh Iong va dan hoI.

123
1.4.6ar daI Iuong ro ban.

1.on v} ap suaI.
1Fa =1nlm
Z

Tuy nhIan don v} nay nho nan Ihuong dung rar don v} do
ro gIa Ir} Ion hon nhu .bar,kgIlrm
Z
,aI ,F8I
1bar =10
6
Fa = 10
6
hlm
Z
,
1kgIlrm
Z
= 0.981 bar
1 aI = 1.018 bar.
1bar = 14,6 F8I.
an dung ro Iha Iay 1bar -1 aI -1kgIlrm
Z

Z.on v} nhIaI do.
8ang 11.6huyan doI nhIaI do






124
8ang 11



-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
233
253
273
293
313
333
353
373
393
O
K
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
O
F
O
C



















o Kelvin
0
K
z
0
OC Nhiet o nc
z 100
0
C nhiet o soi cua nc
z
0
K =
0
C + 273.15
z
0
F =
0
C. 9/5 + 32


125

1.6.6ar d}nh IuaI nhIaI dong dung rho kh nan.
1.}nh IuaI 8oyIaMarIoIIa(khI gIu rho nhIaI do khong doI)
p.V = ronsI |11]






















0 2 4 6 8 16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
10 12 14
14
16
V
Ap suat P
bar
P1.V1 = P2.V2 = const
0 2 4 6 8 16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
10 12 14
V
Ap suat P
bar
= c
126
Z.}nh IuaI ayLussar(khI gIu ap suaI khong doI)

const
T
V
= |1Z]






















0 0.2
0.5
0.7
1 2
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
V
Nhiet o (
0
C)
1.2
1.5
1.7
80
100
Bep ien
293
V1 V2
T1(K) T2(K)
127
8.}nh IuaI 6harIas(khI V khong doI). const
T
P
= |18]

















Fhuong Irnh Irang IhaI nhIaI khI ra 8 daI Iuong Ihay
doI.
T R m V p . . . = |14]
khoI Iuong kh m. m = V.
.hang so kh Iy Iuong .
(6hu y ap suaI Ia ap suaI IuyaI doI,nhIaI do kan vIn,
o
k.)


0 5
10
20
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Temperature
Celsius
15
80
100
0
2
4
6
8
bar
10
12
14
16
P1 P2
T1(K) T2(K)
= c =
0 5 10 20
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Temperature
Celsius
80
100
0
2
4
6
8
ba
1
1
1
1
15
P1
T1(K) T2(K)
= =
Ap suat
tuyet oi(bar)
P2
c
128
4.Tnh Ioan Iuong kh IIau Ihu.
Mur drh da bIaI Iuong kh nan ran IIau Ihu Iam ro so da
rhon sIta may nan kh va krh Ihuor bnh rhua.
Luong kh IIau Ihu duor Inh kh dua va dIau kIan rhuan.

013 , 1
). 013 , 1 ( V p
Q
+
= |16]
Trong do p Ia ap suaI do.V Iha Irh kh IIau Ihu o ap suaI do p




















129
1.6.khaI quaI moI ha Ihong kh nan rong nghIap.
8o phan san xuaI kh nan 8o phan su Iy Luu Iru
mang IuoI phan phoI.




hnh 1.Z.ha Ihong kh nan rong nghIap











130

hnh 1.8.Fhan phoI kh nan








hnh 1.4. ha Ihong kh nan.
131



1.8o phan Iam Ianh ruoI rung
Z.8o Iarh II Iam.
8.8o Iam kho(say) bang hap phu.
4.8o FL. FIIIaraguIaIorLubrIIIraIor.
8aI Iap van dung.




R
L







F



hnh 1.6.8o dIau hoa kh nan FL
132


6huong Z.8an xuaI va Iuu Iru kh nan.

SAN XUAT



LU TR


X LY
















133

Z.1.6ar IoaI may nan kh.
1.Fhan IoaI may nan.
Thao nguyan Iy Iam vIar phan ra.
May nan kh Iha Irh.
May nan dong hor.
Thao ap suaI sInh ra phan ra.
kp suaI Ihap kp suaI Irung bnh kp suaI rao.
Z.6ong suaI may nan. h = .(p
r
p
a
)
.Iuu Iuong may nan rung rap Irong moI don v} IhoI gIan.
(F
r
pa) .kp suaI do may nan Iao ra ron goI Ia ap suaI rh
Ih} rua may nan.
8.hIau suaI may nan Ihap. 0.1< < 0.4 do ro rar IoaI
Ion IhaI Iha Irh,Ion IhaI ro kh,Ion IhaI nhIaI.
4.May nan Iha Irh.











134


a.May nan pIsIon 1 rap. hnh Z.1





hnh Z.1 May nan pIsIon moI rap

1 rap. p = 48 bar Z rap. p = 1618 bar
8 rap. p = 180 bar 4,6 rap. p > Z00 bar.



135
hnh Z.Z.May nan pIsIon Z rap


hnh Z.8.MoI so kIau may nan pIsIon













136


b.May nan kIau ranh gaI.



hnh Z.4



Hnh 2.5
137

r.May nan kIau vI.





hnh Z.6


138


Mo t
Bnh cha dau
Cum vt nen
Bo t ach da u
Cum ie u khien
cong suat
Phin loc
kh vao
Thiet b lam mat
Mo t
Bnh cha dau
Cum vt nen
Bo t ach da u
Cum ie u khien
cong suat
Phin loc
kh vao
Thiet b lam mat



d.May nan kIau ooI.

139

6.May nan kh kIau II Iam.
6.May nan kh kIau dor Irur.

6.0ng dung.
Truyan dong kh nan. p = 8 10 bar
khoI dong dong ro Iatan,Ihu robIna . p = 80 60 bar
Lam day bnh rhua nganh dau kh. p = 100 860
bar.
Z.Z.8u Iy kh nan.
1 .8u Iy nuor va hoI nuor.ThIaI b} Iam Ianh ,bo Iarh va bo
say Ihao nguyan Iy hap phu.
















140


Kh vao
M
Kh ra
May nen lam
n
g







141





Z.8u Iy rar hydro rarbua (au va hoI dau);Tuong Iu
nhu su Iy nuor.

8.8u Iy buI. ung rar bo Ior.



8o su Iy kh nan. FL

R
L
142














Van gIam ap.

143

































8o boI Iron

P1
P2
2
4 6
8
1
0
4
8
12
0
lbf/in
2
ba
P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1
P2
P1 P2 P1
Tac
ong
Tac
ong
trc tiep gian
144























R
L


145














146

8 gim p





6.8o boI Iron











147

Z.8.Luu Iru kh nan va phan phoI.
8nh rhua kh nan.6ar IInh kIan ran Iap Iran bnh Irrh
rhua.6o nhIau IoaI bnh Irrh rhua.



Mang IuoI ong dan hnh va.



148






6huong 8.6ar ro rau Iar dong va rar IoaI
van kh nan
8.1. rar IoaI xy Ianh va mo Io kh nan.
8.1.1.Xy Ianh kh nan Iar dong don.



hnh 8.1
8.1.Z.Xy Ianh kh nan Iar dong kap.
149

hnh 8.Z.
8.1.8.MoI so IoaI xy Ianh kh nan khar.
Xy Ianh mang
Xy Ianh Iandam
Xy Ianh khong ro ran (sanIIga)
8.1.4.Xy Ianh kh nan ro gIam rhan.


hnh.8.8
8.1.6.Mo Io kh nan va rar ung dung.


8.Z.Tnh Ioan xy Ianh kh nan.
1.Xar d}nh Iur Iar dung Ian xy Ianh.
Trong Iruong hop Iong quaI .Lur Iar dung Ian xy Ianh
duor
Inh Ihao rong Ihur .

150

30
o






hnh 8.8 F = F
ms
+ F
qI
+ F
n

Trong do .
Lur nang . F
n
=m.g.sIn.
Lur ma saI. F
ms
= .m.g
Lur quan Inh . F
qI
= m.a
Z.Tnh duong knh xy Ianh rh}u IaI Inh.
Va hnh.
khI xy Ianh ro hanh Irnh Iam vIar ngan nhu rar xy Ianh
dung da kap rhaI.ha so hIau dung rhon bang 0.88
8.Tnh duong knh xy Ianh rh}u IaI Irong dong.
Va hnh.
o Ion hao va ma saI,do ro Inh dan hoI v vay ha so hIau
dung gIam Ihuong rhon bang 0,6.
4.8o do phan bo ap suaI Irong moI xy Ianh kh nan.
hnh.
kp suaI khoang Iam vIar.
kp suaI khoang IhoaI kh.
kp suaI IoI IhIau
kp suaI d}rh rhuyan.
kp suaI gIam rhan.
151
6.Tnh duong knh ran xy Ianh Ihao rong Ihur
EuIars.
8.8.6ar IoaI van kh nan.
8.8.1.Van phan phoI.




















152











153














Van kh nan rung nhu van Ihuy Iur ro 6 IIau rhuan
danh gIa van .8o rua,so v} Ir,Irang IhaI on d}nh,kIau
dIau khIan va Irang IhaI gIua voI van 8 v} Ir.



154


?
T1 T2
SOIL12 SOIL14









1.Marh dung khan rap xy Ianh.














Ty trt
Piston ieu khien
kh
155








Z.Marh uu IIan rho IIan va rho IuI xy Ianh.

8.8.Z.Van Iuu Iuong.
1.Van IIaI Iuu






Van tiet lu 2 chieu Van tiet lu 2 chieu
ieu chnh c khong ieu chnh c











1 4 2 3 5
14 12
1
2 4
5
3
14
156


2
1




2 1
1
2





















157


Z.Van IhoaI nhanh


2


2
3
3
1


1














hnh.8o do van hanh van IhoaI nhanh.


158
8.Van 1 rhIau ro dIau khIan



2


x
1






8.8.4.6ar van IogIr kh nan.
Van 0
Van kh.










159

6huong 4.6ar IInh kIan kh nan khar.
4.1. 6ar IoaI ram bIan.
4.Z. ThIaI b} Iao rhan khong












4.8. 8o d}nh IhoI va bo Iao xung kh nan.








160
6huong 6. LogIr kh nan.
6.1.6ar phan Iu IogIr kh nan.
1.Fhan Iu IaI Iao. YE8














Bang chan tr

a S

0 0

1 1
Ma tran
a
0 1




161
.Fhan Iu IogIr dao . h0 ( phan Iu van nang).


Z






an chan tr








B g
a S

0 1
1 0
Matrice
a
0 1
0 1


8.Fhan Iu Vk . kh


162








Matrice
a
0
0
1
1
0
0 1 1







0
b



.Fhan Iu 0
Table de vrit


a

b

S

0
0
1

0 1 0

0
1
1

0
0
1







4

163






ang chan tr Ma tran
S
1
1 1
0 1


B


a b a 0 1

0 0 0 0 1
0 1
1 1 1

1

Ky hieu
Cong nghe (ISO) Ban nguyet Hnh vuong






164


6.Fhan Iu. EXh0 (Fhan Iu so sanh gIong nhau).
6.Fhan Iu. EXh0 (8o sanh khar nhau)
7.Fhan Iu nho.
a.Fhan Iu nho IoaI 1.



b.Fhan Iu nho IoaI Z.





6hu y .rar van nh} on ro rhur nang nho.
6.Z.6ar phuong phap bIau dIan va ruI gon moI ham IogIr.
1.Fhuong phap daI so IogIr.
Z.Fhuong phap dung bang karnaugh.
8.V du mInh hoa.

165

6huong6.ThIaI ka marh dIau khIan Iu dong kh nan.
6.1. 6ar phuong phap mo Ia hoaI dong rua marh.
1.Mo Ia bang do hoa.



Chu trnh hnh vuong








Chu trnh ch L












166
Z.Mo Ia bang gIan do pha(hay bIau do Irang IhaI).
8u dung rar ky hIau rhur nang da mo Ia.Fhuong phap nay dung
nhIau o Tay dur




8.Fhuong phap . kF6ETIhao Iuu do IIan Irnh.
(rapha FonrIIonnaI da 6ommand EIap TransIIIon)
8u dung rar ky hIau don gIan da mo Ia.Fhuong phap nay dung
nhIau o Fhap va rar nuor khar v ro rang va da hIau.




167
6.Z.6ar IoaI phuong phap dIau khIan.
Fhuong phap dIau khIan ro nhIau IoaI nhu .
Iau khIan bang Iay
Iau khIan Iuy dong Ihao IhoI gIan
Iau khIan Iuy dong Ihao hanh Irnh
Iau khIan Ihao rhuong Irnh bang ro rau rhuyan marh
Iau khIan Ihao Iang
Iau khIan Ihao nh}p.
Iau khIan bang bo rhon Ihao buor.















168
6.8.6ar phuong phap IhIaI ka marh.
1.Fhuong phap IhIaI ka marh.
6o nhIau phuong phap IhIaI ka marh dIau khIan Iu dong kh nan
nhu .
Fhuong phap karnaugh.
Fhuong phap kF6ET.
6o Z dang baI Ioan ro ban .8aI Ioan IogIr Io hop va baI Ioan
IogIr Iuan Iu.
a.6ar baI Ioan IogIr Io hop. ung daI so 8ooI va bang karnaugh
da gIaI .
b.8aI Ioan IogIr Iuan Iu. 6o nhIau phuong phap gIaI .
ung ba karnaugh
Fhuong phap bar
ung bo Iuan Iu Ihrh hop voI kF6ET.
Z. Ta khao saI baI Ioan may khoan go (hnh).
a.Mo Ia hoaI dong rua marh.





169











170





b.8Iau dIan so do kF6ET












171






r.IoI IhIau bo Iuan Iu.


Bc Ra Sn
Xoa bi S(n+1)
a ve 1 cua
S(n+1)
Phan hoi
Cap nguon bo nh
a ve zer o
Kch hoat moun bi
S(n-1) va r (n-1)
Ngng kch hoat
S(n-1)


172







d.0ng dung rho marh may khoan o Iran.


173




8.6ar kIau kF6ET khar nhau.
a.Tar dong dong IhoI.






174
b.Tar dong ro Iap IaI







r.Tar dong ro d}nh IhoI.




175
d.Tar dong bo qua 1 so Irang IhaI(nhay ror).








176
a.Tar dong ro Iap IaI 1 so Irang IhaI.







177
I.Tar dong ro dIau kIan kIau IogIr 0.









178
g.Tar dong ro dIau kIan kIau IogIr kh









179
4.8aI Iap ung dung. 6ar rhu Irnh ro ban Irong rong
nghIap.
6hu Irnh rarra. k+,8+,k,8
6hu Irnh rhu L. k+,8+,8,k
6hu Irnh van rhuyan san pham. k+,k,8+,k+,k,8




oi tng ieu khien
C cau chap hanh
ai lng vao
(ai lng vat ly)
Lu lng, ap suat
Phan t a tn hieu
Phan t ieu khien
Phan t x ly tn hieu
oi tng ieu khien
C cau chap hanh
ai lng vao
(ai lng vat ly)
Lu lng, ap suat
Phan t a tn hieu
Phan t ieu khien
Phan t x ly tn hieu



6u trc mch iu khin kh nn.




180





Xylanh B
Xylanh A
a0 a1 b1 b0
A+
A-
B+
B-
Star t
a0 b0
b1
a1
10s


















Mch kh nn in hnh.



181


























-------------------@ & @---------------------

HET