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  • Lina Gisel Fluidos

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    Luis Antonio Amado Gomez
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    The hot fluid in this image is melted candle wax, so as the wax was flowing though the cold water it was solidifying into a semisolid mass. An approximate penetration distance can be measured using this image. However, wax is much less dense than water and floats on top, so the penetration distance was most likely affected by buoyancy forces.

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    The hot fluid in this image is melted candle wax, so as the wax was flowing though the cold water it was solidifying into a semisolid mass. An approximate penetration distance can be measured using this image. However, wax is much less dense than water and floats on top, so the penetration distance was most likely affected by buoyancy forces.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    17 views4 pages

    Lina Gisel Fluidos

    Uploaded by

    Luis Antonio Amado Gomez
    The hot fluid in this image is melted candle wax, so as the wax was flowing though the cold water it was solidifying into a semisolid mass. An approximate penetration distance can be measured using this image. However, wax is much less dense than water and floats on top, so the penetration distance was most likely affected by buoyancy forces.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Hot Wax Pouring into Cold Water

    ChipFisher 3/11/09

    MCEN4228Project3Image

    3/11/09

    ChipFisher

    ContextoftheImage
    Thisimagewascapturedforthethirdprojectofthesemester,workingindependentlyfrommy groupwhileIwasathome.Myintentionwastocapturethepenetrationdistanceofahot,lowdensity fluidfallingintocoldwateraswellastoproduceaninterestingandbeautifulimage.Thehotfluidinthis imageismeltedcandlewax,soasthewaxwasflowingthoughthecoldwateritwassolidifyingintoa semisolidmass.Anapproximatepenetrationdistancecanbemeasuredusingthisimagebecausethehot waxsolidifiedalmostinstantlyaftercontactingthewater.However,waxismuchlessdensethanwater andfloatsontop,sothepenetrationdistancewasmostlikelyaffectedbybuoyancyforces.

    ExperimentalApparatusandVisualizationTechnique
    Thisexperimentinfluidimagingwasruninmykitchenbymeltingacandleintheovenat250F forabout10minutesandcoolingaglassofwaterintherefrigeratorat35F.Basicallythisimageis showingthemeltedcandlewaxbeingpouredandsolidifyingasitflowsintothecoldwater.Theglassis 4inchestalland3inchesindiameterandfilledwith34inchesofcoldwater.Atotalofapproximately 1.57cubicinchesofwaxwaspouredintotheglassbutthisimageonlydepictsthefirstthirdofthat volume,or0.52cubicinches.Figure1isadetailedsketchoftheexperimentalapparatusused.Twobar stoolsheldthecameraandtheobjectabout18inchesapart.Acommon60Wattreadinglamplitthe objectfromapproximately6inchesabove.

    Figure1.ExperimentalApparatus

    MCEN4228Project3Image

    3/11/09

    ChipFisher

    Sincetwofluidsofvaryingdensityaremixingtogether,thereisinstabilityinthelaminarflow. Thiswascapturedasthewaxsolidifiedinthecoldwaterastheripplesandbulgesintheicebergshaped massofsemisolidcandlewax.AnappropriatedimensionlessscaleforthisimagewouldbetheAtwood number,whichcomparesthedensitiesoftwofluidsmixingtogether,definedinEquation(1). At=12/(1+2),where1>2 (1)

    Assumingthatsolidcandlewaxhasadensitysimilartothatoficeandthatthesolidifyingwaxismore solidthanliquid(butfluidnonetheless!),thenthedensityofwaxisapproximately0.917g/mLandwater is1.000g/mL[2].TheAtwoodnumberfortheimageisthenAt=0.0433.TheReynoldsnumbercould notbdeterminedherewithanyreportableaccuracy. Thisimagealsodepictssurfacetensiondifferencesbecausecandlewaxiscommonlymadeof paraffin,whichisalongchainofcarbonandhydrogenatoms,similartothemoleculeshowninFigure2 [1].

    Figure2.Typicalmolecularstructureofparaffin,orcandle,wax.

    Asthehotwaxismixingwiththecoldwater,thehydrophobiceffectalsodrivessegregationofthewax andwaterphases.Thedensityandhydrophobicinteractionscombinetogeneratetheinstabilitiesinthe flowthataredepictedintheimage.

    PhotographicTechnique
    ThisimagewascapturedusingaCanonEOSDigitalRebel.Thefieldofviewinthisimageis essentiallytheheightoftheglass,4inches,andsimilarscaleforthedepthoffield,3inches(the diameteroftheglass).AsshowninFigure1,thecamerawasplacedabout18inchesfromtheglassand heldsteadyonabarstoolidenticaltothestooltheglass.Thecameraspecificationsincludeafocal lengthof66mmandaperturevalueoff/4.9.Theexposurewasa1/800secondshutterspeedandISO settingof1600.Imagedimensionwere2961x1962pixels(horizontalxvertical).Thefinalimage,and subjectofthisreport,waseditedinAdobePhotoshopusingtheCurvesandLevelsfunctionstoincrease lightanddarkcontrastthenincreasetheintensityofblue,respectively.Theincreasedintensityofblue givestheimageanicy,coolfeel.

    Conclusion
    Theimagerevealsphasechangesanddynamicmixing,similartocloudformation.Insteadofair, waterwasused,andthecloudismadeofsemisolidwax.WhatIlikeaboutthisimageishowthewax lookslikethosepostersoficebergs,obviouslyonamuchsmallerscale.Italsohasthaticyfeeltoitbut 3

    MCEN4228Project3Image

    3/11/09

    ChipFisher

    withasenseofdormantwarmthasaresultofthetoplightingnearthecenteroftheimagethewax appearstobeglowing!WhatIdontlikeabouttheimageisthepixilation,asaresultofthehighISO setting.However,Iwantedtocapturefallingwaxwithoutanymotionblursoaveryfastshutterspeed wasused.IfIcouldredotheimage,Iwoulduseoneormorecoloredwaxesandbrighterlightingsothat theISOsettingcouldbesetlow.Todevelopthisideafurther,Ithinkmixingthewaxinanonpolarliquid suchascanolaoiloroliveoilcouldproducesomeverycoolflowsandimages.

    References
    [1]WikipediaFoundation,Inc.(2009,310).WikipediaFreeEncyclopedia.Retrieved112009,3,from Paraffin:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin [2]WikipediaFoundation,Inc.(2009,311).WikipediaFreeEncyclopedia.Retrieved112009,3,fromIce: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice

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