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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

BI 1: TNG QUAN V THNG MI IN T

FCng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ngy cng pht trin v gp phn lm thay i din mo nn kinh t, to ra lnh vc thng mi mi l thng mi in t. Nh sc mnh ca thng tin s ha m mi hot ng thng mi truyn thng ngy nay c tin hnh trc tuyn gip cc bn tham gia vo hot ng ny tit kim c chi ph, thi gian, tng hiu sut v nng cao nng lc cnh tranh.
Mc tiu Ni dung

Hiu c khi nim thng mi in t c v ngha hp v ngha rng. Nm c cc m hnh thng mi in t. Hiu c nhng li ch v hn ch ca thng mi in t. Hiu c nhng tc ng ca thng mi in t ti ngi tiu dng, doanh nghip v mi trng x hi.

Khi nim chung v thng mi in t. Lch s hnh thnh thng mi in t. Cc khi nim v thng mi in t. c im, phn loi thng mi in t. Li ch v hn ch ca thng mi in t. nh hng ca thng mi in t. Thc trng pht trin thng mi in t.

Thi lng hc

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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

TNH HUNG KHI NG BI

Tnh hung Ngy nay ti Vit Nam mt c nhn cng c th mua c mt sn phm t mt gian hng o ti M, hay ngi ti nh ngi cng c th k khai cc th tc hi quan in t tin hnh nhp khu sn phm. Trc kia mun mua mt quyn sch th bn c phi ra tn ca hng tham kho, chn mua mt cun sch m mnh mong mun, sau khi chn c cun sch cn mua th ngi c phi ra quy thu ngn thanh ton mua cun sch . Nhng gi y, vi s ra i ca thng mi in t, ch cn c mt chic my tnh ni mng Internet, thng qua vi thao tc kch chut, ngi c khng cn bit mt ca ngi bn hng th h vn c th mua mt cun sch mnh mong mun trn cc website mua bn trc tuyn nh amazon.com; vinabook.com.vn Cn bn, bn tham gia vo cc giao dch in t cha?

Cu hi Hy lit k cc website mua bn hng ha, dch v trong nc v nc ngoi m bn tm hiu hoc tin hnh giao dch? Rt ra nhn xt g v cc website sau khi hc xong bi hc?

Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

1.1. 1.1.1.

Khi nim chung v thng mi in t Cc khi nim v thng mi in t

Khi nim thng mi in t thng b ng nht vi khi nim kinh doanh in t. Tuy nhin thc cht kinh doanh in t l khi nim rng hn ca thng mi in t, n khng ch dng li vic mua bn hng ha v dch v, chuyn giao quyn s hu thng qua mng my tnh v truyn thng m n cn i hi s cng tc cao gia cc bn tham gia vo hot ng.
1.1.1.1. Khi nim thng mi in t theo ngha hp

Thng mi in t l qu trnh mua, bn, trao i hng ha, dch v v thng tin thng qua mng my tnh, bao gm mng Internet. Theo ngha hp, thng mi in t n gin ch l vic tin hnh cc hot ng mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng. Phng tin in t v mng vin thng s dng ph bin trong thng mi in t l in thoi, ti vi, my fax, mng truyn hnh, mng internet, mng intranet, mng extranettrong my tnh v mng internet l c s dng nhiu nht tin hnh cc hot ng thng mi in t v n c kh nng t ng ha cao cc giao dch.
1.1.1.2. Khi nim Thng mi in t theo ngha rng

Theo ngha rng, thng mi in t khng ch dng li vic mua bn hng ha v dch v, m n cn m rng ra c v quy m v lnh vc ng dng. Hin nay c rt nhiu t chc a ra khi nim v thng mi in t nh T chc Thng mi th gii WTO, Hip hi thng mi in t (AEC Association for Electronic Commerce), bn cnh cn mt s t chc khc nh: UNCTAD (United Nation Conference on Trade and Development): Di gc doanh nghip, thng mi in t bao gm cc hot ng ca doanh nghip, theo chiu ngang: Thng mi in t l vic thc hin ton b hot ng kinh doanh bao gm marketing, bn hng, phn phi v thanh ton thng qua cc phng tin in t. Khi nim ny cp n ton b hot ng kinh doanh, ch khng ch gii hn ring mua v bn, ton b cc hot ng kinh doanh ny c thc hin thng qua cc phng tin in t. Khi nim ny c vit tt bi bn ch MSDP, trong :
o o o o

M - Marketing (c trang web, hoc xc tin thng mi qua internet) S - Sales (c trang web c h tr chc nng giao dch, k kt hp ng) D - Distribution (Phn phi sn phm s ha qua mng) P - Payment (Thanh ton qua mng hoc thng qua ngn hng)

Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Nh vy, i vi doanh nghip, khi s dng cc phng tin in t v mng vo trong cc hot ng kinh doanh c bn nh marketing, bn hng, phn phi, thanh ton th c coi l tham gia thng mi in t. Di gc qun l nh nc, thng mi in t bao gm cc lnh vc :
o o o o o

I - C s h tng cho s pht trin thng mi in t (I) M - Thng ip (M) B - Cc quy tc c bn (B) S - Cc quy tc ring trong tng lnh vc (S) A - Cc ng dng (A)

M hnh IMBSA ny cp n cc lnh vc cn xy dng pht trin thng mi in t:


o

I - Infrastructure: C s h tng Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng l yu cu u tin pht trin thng mi in t. M - Message: Cc vn lin quan n thng ip d liu. Thng ip chnh l tt c cc loi thng tin c truyn ti qua mng trong thng mi in t. V d nh hp ng in t, cc cho hng, hi hng qua mng, cc chng t thanh ton in t ... u c coi l thng ip, chnh xc hn l thng ip d liu. B - Basic Rules: Cc quy tc c bn iu chnh chung v thng mi in t: chnh l cc lut iu chnh cc lnh vc lin quan n thng mi in t trong mt nc hoc khu vc v quc t nh cc quy nh v thng mi ca WTO, quy nh v s hu tr tu ca T chc S hu tr tu th gii WIPO. S - Sectorial Rules/ Specific Rules: Cc quy tc ring, iu chnh tng lnh vc chuyn su ca Thng mi in t nh: chng thc in t, ch k in t, Ngn hng in t (thanh ton in t). A - Applications: c hiu l cc ng dng thng mi in t, hay cc m hnh kinh doanh thng mi in t cn c iu chnh, cng nh u t, khuyn khch pht trin, trn c s gii quyt c 4 vn trn.

UNCITRAL (UN Conference for International Trade Law) Lut mu v Thng mi in t (UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce, 1996): Thng mi in t l vic trao i thng tin thng mi thng qua cc phng tin in t, khng cn phi in ra giy bt c cng on no ca ton b qu trnh giao dch. Vn thng tin v thng mi trong lut mu v thng mi in t ca UNCITRAL c hiu nh sau: Thng tin c hiu l bt c th g c th truyn ti bng k thut in t, bao gm c th t, cc file vn bn, cc c s d liu, cc bn tnh, cc bn thit k, hnh ho, qung co, hi hng, n hng, ho n, bng gi, hp ng, hnh nh ng, m thanh...
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Thng mi c hiu theo ngha rng, bao qut mi vn ny sinh t mi mi quan h mang tnh thng mi, d c hay khng c hp ng. Cc mi quan h mang tnh thng mi bao gm, nhng khng gii hn cc giao dch sau y: bt c giao dch no v cung cp hoc trao i hng ho hoc dch v; i din hoc i l thng mi; u thc hoa hng; cho thu di hn; xy dng cc cng trnh; t vn; k thut cng trnh; u t cp vn; ngn hng; bo him; lin doanh v cc hnh thc khc v hp tc; chuyn ch hng ho hay hnh khch bng ng bin, ng khng, ng st hoc ng b.
1.1.2. S ra i v pht trin ca Internet

Internet l mng my tnh c kt ni vi nhau trn khp ton cu. Ngy nay internet tr thnh mt cng c tt yu khng th thiu trong mi hot ng kinh t. Nh vic s dng internet m hot ng thng mi gia cc ch th cc quc gia khc nhau tr nn d dng, nhanh chng v hiu qu hn.

1962: J.C.R. Licklider a ra tng v mng my tnh kt ni ton cu cho php mi ngi c th chia s v thu thp d liu. 1965: Lawrence G. Roberts kt ni c mt my tnh Massachussetts vi mt my tnh khc California thng qua ng dy in thoi. 1969: C quan qun l d n nghin cu pht trin (ARPA) s dng hnh thc kt ni trn kt ni my tnh 4 trng i hc khc nhau: i hc California Los Angeles, i hc quc t SRI, i hc California Santa Barbara v i hc Utah- mng kt ni ny c gi l ARPANET. Mng kt ni ARPANET c xem l tin thn ca internet v y cng l mng kt ni lin khu vc ln u tin c xy dng. 1972: Th in t bt u c s dng (Ray Tomlinson). 1973: ARPANET ln u tin c kt ni ra nc ngoi, ti trng i hc London. 1984: Giao thc chuyn gi tin TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol v Internet Protocol) tr thnh giao thc chun ca Internet; h thng cc tn min DNS (Domain Name System) ra i phn bit cc my ch v c chia thnh su loi chnh: edu
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

(education) cho lnh vc gio dc; gov (government) thuc chnh ph; mil (miltary) cho lnh vc qun s; com (commercial) cho lnh vc thng mi; org (organization) cho cc t chc; net (network resources) cho cc mng. 1990: ARPANET ngng hot ng, Internet bt u c s dng vo mc ch thng mi. 1991: Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn HTML (HyperText Markup Language) ra i cng vi giao thc truyn siu vn bn HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), Internet thc s tr thnh cng c c lc vi hng lot cc dch v mi. World Wide Web (www) ra i, em li cho ngi dng kh nng tham chiu t mt vn bn n nhiu vn bn khc, chuyn t c s d liu ny sang c s d liu khc vi hnh thc hp dn v ni dung phong ph. Internet v Web l cng c quan trng nht ca TMT, gip cho TMT pht trin v hot ng hiu qu. Dch v Internet bt u c cung cp ti Vit Nam chnh thc t nm 1997 m ra c hi hnh thnh v pht trin thng mi in t.
1.1.3. Lch s hnh thnh thng mi in t

Thng mi in t l vic tin hnh cc hot ng thng mi bng cc phng tin in t. Theo nh nh ngha ny th thng mi in t bt u t rt sm, k t khi Samuel Morse gi bc in u tin vo nm 1844. Hay l vic gi cc thng tin v gi c phiu ca th trng chng khon M t Bc M ti Chu u vo nm 1858. Vo u nhng nm 1970 vi s ra i ca cng ngh EDI (trao i d liu in t), EFT (trao i tin in t), IOS (h thng lin kt cc t chc), thng mi in t cho php doanh nghip, c nhn gi cc chng t thng mi nh n hng, ha n, vn n v cc chng t v vic vn chuyn hng ha thng mi, chuyn tin gia cc t chc vi nhau hoc gia t chc vi khch hng c nhn, t ch v mua bn chng khon. S ra i v pht trin ca th tn dng, my rt tin t ng v giao dch ngn hng qua in thoi vo nhng nm 1980 cng l hnh thc ca thng mi in t, tuy nhin nhng hot ng nu trn mi ch l giai on s khai. Thng mi in t ch thc s c bit n vo u thp nin 1990 khi m Internet c a vo thng mi ha, ph bin rng ri cng nh c s ra i ca trnh duyt Netscape gip cho ngi dng Internet d dng truy cp v nh gi thng tin. Thng mi in t bt ngun t nc M vi s ra i ca hng lot website thng mi in t v sau lan sang Canada v cc nc Chu u. Bc t ph trong qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca thng mi in t phi k n s xut hin ca Amazon.comtrang web mua bn trc tuyn v Ebay - trang web u

Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

gi trc tuyn vo nm 1995. y c xem l hai doanh nghip i tin phong v thnh cng trong vic trin khai hot ng thng mi in t.

Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

1.2. 1.2.1.

c im, phn loi thng mi in t c im ca thng mi in t

S pht trin ca thng mi in t gn lin v tc ng qua li vi s pht trin ca ICT (Infornation Commercial Technlogy). Thng mi in t l vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin vo trong mi hot ng thng mi, chnh v l m s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin s thc y thng mi in t pht trin nhanh chng, ngc li, s pht trin ca thng mi in t cng thc y v gi m nhiu lnh vc ca ICT nh phn cng v phn mm chuyn dng cho cc ng dng thng mi in t, dch v thanh ton cho thng mi in t v.v... V hnh thc: Giao dch thng mi in t l hon ton qua mng. Trong hot ng thng mi truyn thng, cc bn phi gp g nhau trc tip tin hnh m phn, giao dch v i n k kt hp ng, cn trong hot ng thng mi in t, nh vic s dng cc phng tin in t c kt ni vi mng ton cu, ch yu l s dng mng internet m gi y cc bn tham gia vo giao dch khng phi gp g nhau trc tip m vn c th m phn, giao dch c vi nhau. Phm vi hot ng: Trn khp ton cu hay th trng trong thng mi in t l th trng phi bin gii. iu ny th hin ch mi ngi tt c cc quc gia trn khp ton cu khng phi di chuyn ti bt k a im no m vn c th tham gia vo cng mt giao dch bng cch truy cp vo cc website thng mi hoc vo cc trang mng x hi. Ch th tham gia: Trong hot ng thng mi in t phi c ti thiu ba ch th tham gia. l cc bn tham gia giao dch v khng th thiu c s tham gia ca bn th ba, l nhng ngi to mi trng cho cc giao dch thng mi in t. H l cc c quan cung cp dch v mng v c quan chng thc, c nhim v chuyn i, lu gi cc thng tin gia cc bn tham gia giao dch thng mi in t, ng thi h cng xc nhn tin cy ca cc thng tin trong giao dch thng mi in t. Thi gian khng gii hn: Cc bn tham gia vo hot ng thng mi in t u c th tin hnh cc giao dch sut 24 gi/ 7 ngy trong vng 365 ngy lin tc bt c ni no c mng vin thng v c cc phng tin in t kt ni vi cc mng ny, y l cc phng tin c kh nng t ng ha cao gip y nhanh qu trnh giao dch. Trong thng mi in t, h thng thng tin chnh l th trng. Trong thng mi in t cc bn khng phi gp g nhau trc tip m vn c th tin hnh m phn, k kt hp ng. lm c iu ny cc bn phi truy cp vo h thng thng tin ca nhau hay h thng thng tin ca cc gii php tm kim thng qua mng internet, mng extranet tm hiu thng tin v nhau t tin hnh m phn, k kt hp ng.
1.2.2. Phn loi thng mi in t

Phn loi thng mi in t theo cc i tng tham gia vo giao dch th trn th gii hin nay c rt nhiu m hnh thng mi in t khc nhau. Di y l mt s m hnh thng mi in t v ang pht trin:
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

B2B (Business To Business): L m hnh thng mi in t gia doanh nghip vi doanh nghip. Cc doanh nghip s tin hnh trao i hng ha, dch v v thng tin vi nhau thng qua fax v mng internet. Hnh thc ch yu ca m hnh thng mi in t B2B l bn hng v h tr kinh doanh cho cc doanh nghip trc tip qua mng; mua sm nguyn ph liu cho qu trnh sn xut t cc nh cung cp hay qua hnh thc u gi; hay l trang tin cung cp thng tin v mt mt hng ca doanh nghip. Dell.com, Cisco.com; Chemconnect.com l nhng cng ty tin phong v thnh cng vi m hnh kinh doanh B2B. M hnh thng mi in t B2B xut hin t rt sm nhng ch thc s khi sc vo u nhng nm 2000. Ngi ta d on rng m hnh thng mi in t B2B s cn pht trin hn na trong tng lai.
M hnh thng mi in t B2B ca BigBoxx

Bigboxx l mt cng ty ca Hng Kng chuyn cung cp cc thit b vn phng theo phng thc B2B. Cng ty khng c bt c ca hng thc s no m tin hnh bn hng qua catalog in t, v th n l mt trung gian trn mng. Cng ty c ba loi khch hng: cc cng ty ln, cc cng ty va, v cc c s /gia nh nh (SOHO). Cng ty cung cp trn 10.000 sn phm t 300 nh cung cp. Giao din ca cng ty rt hp dn v d s dng. Cng ty cng c cng c hng dn ngi s dng dng trang web. Mt khi ng k, ngi s dng c th bt u mua hng bng cch dng r mua hng in t. Ngi mua c th tm kim sn phm bng cch xem qua catalog in t hoc bng cch tm a ch vi mt thit b tm kim. Ngi s dng c th thanh ton bng tin mt hoc sc (khi giao hng), qua hi phiu t ng ca ngn hng, bng th tn dng hoc th mua hng. Ngi mua s sm c th thanh ton qua vic khu tr trc tip trn mng, thanh ton in t hoc qua ngn hng in t. Vi vic s dng xe ti v nh kho ca ring mnh, Bigboxx.com tin hnh giao hng trong vng 24 gi, vic giao hng cng c sp xp trn mng, h thng t hng c lin kt vi h thng h tr SAP (Social Assistance Program). Bigboxx.com cung cp mt lot dch v gia tng cho khch hng. Trong c kh nng kim tra cc sn phm hin c trong thi im thc t v kh nng theo di tnh hnh ca cc mt hng trong mt n t hng, khuyn mi v nhng mt hng gi da trn cc thng tin ca khch hng, gi ring cho tng sn phm, tng khch hng, nhng nt c trng v kim sot v chp nhn tp trung, kch hot t ng nhng thi im mong mun ca nhng n t hng hin thi cho nhng ln mua lp li, v mt lot nhng bo co v thng tin excel, bao gm c nhng bo co qun l mang tnh cht so snh.

Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

B2C (Business To Consumer): L m hnh thng mi in t gia doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng, cn c gi bng ci tn khc l m hnh bn hng trc tuyn (e-tailing). y l m hnh thng mi in t xut hin sm nht. ng dng ph bin nht ca m hnh ny l mua sm hng ha v dch v, qun l ti chnh c nhn. Hin nay m hnh thng mi in t B2C c khi lng giao dch ln nht tuy nhin gi tr giao dch t m hnh ny vn cn thp. Nu phn chia m hnh thng mi in t B2C theo mc thng mi in t ha th c th c 2 loi: M hnh thng mi in t B2C thun ty (www.Buy.com) v m hnh thng mi in t bn truyn thng (www.walmart.com). Trin khai m hnh thng mi in t B2C trc tin gip cho cc doanh nghip loi b bt trung gian, nh vy s ct gim c chi ph, nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh. Th hai, gip cho doanh nghip c th c bit ha sn phm dch v, qung co, hay dch v khch hng. Thng qua m hnh ny doanh nghip c th tin hnh nghin cu th trng trc tuyn cng nh bit c thi quen ca khch hng thng qua cc phn mm cookie. Tuy nhin khi tin hnh m hnh thng mi in t ny, cc bn tham gia vo giao dch s gp mt vn kh khn khi thc hin cc n hng vi s lng ln. i vi cc sn phm l dch v, c mt s m hnh thng mi in t B2C nh: ngn hng trc tuyn (www.hsbc.com; www.vcb.com.vn); mua bn chng khon trc tuyn (www.schwab.com); dch v vic lm trc tuyn (www.vietnamwork.com.vn; www.hotjob.com); dch v du lch trc tuyn (www.expedia.com); dch v bt ng sn (www.realtor.com)v.v.. B2E (Business To Employee): L m hnh thng mi in t gia doanh nghip vi ngi lao ng, hay y l m hnh thng mi trong ni b ca mt cng ty. Theo m hnh ny doanh nghip s cung cp hng ha, dch v v thng tin ti tng ngi lao ng. Gi bn ca doanh nghip cho nhn vin c th c chit khu. Doanh nghip s lin lc vi nhn vin ch yu qua mng intranet. M hnh thng mi in t B2E gip cho doanh nghip gim c rt nhiu gnh nng v cng tc hnh chnh, ngoi ra thc y nhn vin lm vic hiu qu hn na, trung thnh vi cng ty do h cm thy mnh l mt thnh vin tch cc ca t chc, tng nng sut lao ng ca nhn vin, th hai na l nhn vin d dng tm kim thng tin v doanh nghip cng nh chia s thng tin trong ni b doanh nghip. Hin nay m hnh thng mi in t B2E c ng dng ph bin trong cc t chc kinh doanh trong lnh vc dch v nh sn xut, gio dc, y t Mt s doanh nghip trin khai m hnh thng mi in t B2E nh Cisco, Schawb, Coca-cola, hng hng khng Delta; Ford Motor
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C2B (Consumer To Business): L m hnh thng mi in t gia ngi tiu dng vi doanh nghip. Ngi tiu dng trong m hnh ny s bn hng ha, dch v ca c nhn cho doanh nghip. Mt vi v d cho m hnh thng mi C2B nh: M hnh so snh gi (www.Priceline.com , www.Kelkoo.com) ngi tiu dng s a ra mc gi h sn sng tr v doanh nghip s phi tm kim nhng nh cung cp c th bn sn phm vi mc gi ; qung co trc tuyn (Google Adsense) theo m hnh ny cc c nhn cho php doanh nghip t cc banner qung co, hay bt c thng tin mua bn no trn website ca bn thn; nghin cu trc tuyn (GozingSurveys, Surveyscout) ngi tiu dng s tham gia tr li mi cu hi trong cuc iu tra ca doanh nghip v doanh nghip phi tr mt khon tin cho ngi tiu dng tr li cc cu hi . C2C (Consumer To Consumer): L m hnh thng mi in t gia nhng ngi tiu dng. M hnh ny cho php ngi tiu dng c th trao i mua bn trc tip vi nhau. M hnh thng mi in t C2C hnh thnh t trc c khi xut hin internet v ngi ta cho rng y l m hnh thng mi in t u tin. Hai hnh thc ph bin nht ca m hnh C2C l: u gi trc tuyn (ebay.com cng ty u tin trin khai v rt thnh cng t m hnh kinh doanh u gi trc tuyn gia cc c nhn) v sn giao dch trc tuyn (Alibaba.com ni ngi mua v bn c th m phn mua bn mt loi hng ha, dch v; hay qung co v hng ha v dch v). Hu ht cc hnh thc u gi theo m hnh thng mi in t C2C l u gi tng v ch yu u gi qua trung gian. Trong hnh thc u gi trc tuyn C2C, ngi mua v bn khng bit nhau nn mt giao dch thnh cng yu cu phi cung cp hng ha dch v c cht lng, thanh ton y . Thng tin hnh m hnh u gi C2C cc trung gian cung cp cho c nhn nhng gii php thanh ton trc tuyn (www.Paypal.com) m bo cho giao dch c thng sut. Chnh ph in t (E-Government: G2C, G2B, G2G, ) L m hnh thng mi in t trong chnh ph s s dng cc phng tin in t (ch yu l my tnh v mng internet) lin lc vi doanh nghip, ngi dn v cc t chc ca chnh ph, cng nh cung cp cc dch v cng cho cc thnh phn ni trn. Li ch ca vic trin khai chnh ph in t l tng tnh minh bch, gim thiu tham nhng, gim chi ph cho cc thnh phn tham gia, cng nh gip doanh nghip v c nhn c th tip cn d dng v nhanh chng vi cc dch v cng. Thng qua knh trc tuyn ny ngi dn c th phn hi li vi chnh ph hay a ra quan im v mt vn trong vic xy dng khung php l gip chnh ph hon thin h thng php lut.
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t o

M hnh G2C (Govermment To Consument) & C2G (Consumer To Government): L m hnh thng mi in t gia chnh ph vi ngi dn. M hnh thng mi in t G2C cho php ngi dn k khai v ng thu thu nhp c nhn, tr ph trc b hay bu c trc tuyn; cn chnh ph th c th thng qua cc phng tin in t c th ban hnh v hng dn thc hin cc vn bn php quy mi hay cung cp cc phc li x hi cho ngi dn. M hnh G2B (Govermment To Business) & B2G (Business To Government): L m hnh thng mi in t gia chnh ph v doanh nghip. Doanh nghip trong m hnh ny c th ng k kinh doanh, ng thu, khai bo hi quan v xin cp giy chng nhn xut x thng qua cc dch v cng trc tuyn ca chnh ph (G2B). Ngoi ra, doanh nghip cng c th cung cp hng ha, dch v cho chnh ph thng qua cc cuc u thu trc tuyn (B2G). V d: Ngoi lnh vc khai hi quan in t Vit Nam ang trin khai h thng Ecus, nc ta cn ang trin khai h thng Ecosys cho vic cp giy chng nhn xut x.

Hnh 1.1: Giao din website khai bo hi quan in t


o

M hnh G2G (Government To Government): L m hnh thng mi in t gia cc chnh ph vi nhau. Hu ht cc chnh ph ch yu chia s thng tin vi nhau qua cc phng tin in t ch khng phi l tin hnh cc hot ng thng mi.

1.3. 1.3.1.

Li ch v hn ch ca thng mi in t Li ch ca thng mi in t

1.3.1.1. Li ch i vi doanh nghip:

M rng quy m th trng: Th trng trong thng mi in t l th trng ton cu khng bin gii. Nh kt ni internet m cc t chc c th tip cn ti mi th trng ln nh khc nhau trn ton cu mt cch nhanh chng. Thng mi in t thc s c ngha v hiu qu i vi cc doanh nghip va v nh trong giai on u thnh lp khi ngun vn cn hn ch.
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Tit kim chi ph: Bao gm chi ph marketing, sn xut, phn phi, lu kho v cc chi ph hnh chnh giy t. Tng li nhun: Thng mi in t gip cho cc doanh nghip nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh, qun l tt hn qu trnh sn xut, phn phi v quan h khch hng nn gip cho doanh nghip gim thiu c chi ph tng, li nhun. Sn xut theo yu cu ca khch hng: Thng mi in t lm thay i cch thc mua bn hng ha v dch v. Trong thng mi in t cc t chc p dng chin lc ko sn xut hng ha v cung cp dch v theo yu cu ca khch hng. Gim lu kho hng ha v nguyn ph liu: Nh vic p dng chin lc ko sn xut theo yu cu khch hng m cc t chc qun tr tt hn chui cung ng t u vo cho ti u ra. V d nh Dell s thu thp cc n hng ca khch hng, sau s chuyn nhng thng tin v n hng nh s lng, mu sc v cc c im ring ca sn phm ti cc nh my sn xut bng cc phng tin in t. Cc nh my da trn s liu chnh xc v n hng s ln k hoch mua nguyn ph liu cho sn xut v lp rp, ch sau vi ngy nh my s cung cp sn phm cui cng ti khch hng. Gim chi ph giao dch: Chi ph s dng internet r hn s dng mng gi tr gia tng c s dng ng dy in thoi. Ngoi ra chi ph fax v email qua mng internet cng r hn so vi chi ph lin lc thng thng. S ha sn phm v qu trnh giao dch: i vi cc sn phm phn mm, m nhc v phim nh, cc t chc d dng cung cp cho khch hng qua email cng nh cho khch hng ti v di dng s ha. Kt ni vi khch hng lin tc: 24h/24h trong c 7 ngy nn c th phn ng nhanh trc nhng thay i v nhu cu ca khch hng. Tip cn nhanh chng v hiu qu vi th trng khch hng mc tiu, do p ng tt nht mi nhu cu ca khch hng. Cng c quan h khch hng: Vic loi bt trung gian gip cho t chc c th tip cn gn hn vi khch hng, to c lng trung thnh.

Thng tin cp nht: Thng tin v gi sn phm v cng ty c cp nht tng pht trn cc website bn hng trc tuyn. Giy php v chi ph ng k kinh doanh: Mt s nc v khu vc khng yu cu cc cng ty kinh doanh trc tuyn phi ng k kinh doanh cng nh tr ph cho ng k kinh doanh.
1.3.1.2. Li ch i vi ngi tiu dng:

Nhiu s chn la: Khch hng c nhiu s la chn hn do h c th chn cho mnh mt sn phm tt nht vi gi c phi chng t th trng trong v ngoi nc, cng nh c th chn cho mnh mt sn phm c sn xut theo yu cu ca c nhn.
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Sn phm v dch v mang tnh c bit ha cao: Nh nhng li ch ca thng mi in t em li m cc nh sn xut c th cung cp sn phm c sn xut theo yu cu ring ca khch hng. Thng tin phong ph, cp nht: Ngi tiu dng c th tm kim thng tin v mt loi hng ha hay mt loi sn phm ch trong vi giy thay v vi ngy, c khi hng tun nh trc kia. Gi thp hn: Thng qua vic mua sm qua mng internet, ngi tiu dng c th so snh gi c sn phm tt c th trng khc nhau tm ra sn phm vi gi c hp l nht. Giao hng nhanh hn: Thng mi in t ra i to ra nhiu sn phm s ha nh phn mm, cc file hnh nh c th d dng tm kim, ti v v xem. Cng nh nh vic s dng internet m ngi tiu dng c th theo di c n hng t khi sn xut cho ti khi hng ang trn ng vn chuyn bng ng bu in. Giao dch mi lc, mi ni: Thng mi in t cho php ngi tiu dng c th tin hnh cc giao dch mua bn 24 gi mi ngy, lin tc cc ngy sut c nm t bt c ni no. Mua hng vi s lng ln vi gi c cnh tranh: Nh s dng internet m khch hng nhanh chng tm kim c thng tin v nhng chng trnh khuyn mi, gim gi mua hng t cc nh bn l khc nhau trn ton cu. Ngoi ra, thng mi in t cn cho php cc khch hng c nhn c th t mt n hng vi s lng ln vi gi c cnh tranh. V d nh mua hng vi s lng ln qua trang letbuyit.com. Chia s kinh nghim: Thng mi in t cho php ngi tiu dng c th trao i kin cng nh chia s kinh nghim trn cc din n, trang web mua bn... Min thu mua hng: Ti nhiu nc, kinh doanh trc tuyn c min thu mua hng nhm thay i thi quen tiu dng truyn thng, kch thch mua hng trc tuyn.
1.3.1.3. Li ch ca thng mi in t ti x hi:

Gim thi gian i li: Thng mi in t cho php cc c nhn mua sm v lm vic t xa ngay ti nh, nh gim c lu lng giao thng trn ng cng nh nhim mi trng. Dch v cng c cung cp thun tin hn: Cc dch v cng nh y t cng ng, k khai thu, gio dc c tin hnh qua mng vi chi ph thp hn, d dng v nhanh chng. Nng cao tnh cng ng: Thng mi in t cho php mi ngi cc nc ang pht trin v cc khu vc nng thn c th truy cp thng tin cng nh tip cn vi hng ha, dch v cng nh vi tt c mi ngi trn khp ton cu, iu ny trc kia rt kh t c.
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Nng cao cht lng cuc sng: p lc cnh tranh trong thng mi in t ngy cng cao buc cc nh sn xut phi lun hng ti mc tiu h gi thnh sn phm, do s c nhiu khch hng c kh nng mua sm hn, nng cao cht lng cuc sng.
1.3.2. Hn ch ca thng mi in t

Trong hot ng thng mi in t c hai hn ch ln nht m cc bn tham gia thng gp phi: Th nht l hn ch v mt k thut, th hai l hn ch v mt thng mi.
HN CH CA THNG MI IN T
Hn ch v k thut Cha c tiu chun quc t v cht lng, an ton v tin cy. Tc ng truyn Internet vn cha p ng c yu cu ca ngi dng, nht l cho hot ng thng mi in t di ng. Cc cng c xy dng phn mm vn trong giai on ang pht trin. Kh khn khi tch hp internet v cc phn mm Thng mi in t vi c s d liu v cc phn mm ng dng v ang c trin khai. Cn c cc my ch thng mi in t c bit (cng sut, an ton) v chi ph u t cho cc my ch ny cn cao. Chi ph truy cp internet cn cao v cha ph hp vi ngi s dng. thc hin c cc n t hng B2C vi s lng ln i hi phi c h thng kho hng t ng cao. Hn ch v thng mi An ninh v bo mt thng tin c nhn l hai cn tr v tm l i vi ngi tham gia Thng mi in t. Thiu lng tin i vi s pht trin ca Thng mi in t v ngi bn hng trong Thng mi in t do khng c gp trc tip. Nhiu vn v lut, chnh sch, thu cha c lm r. Mt s chnh sch cha thc s h tr to iu kin Thng mi in t pht trin. Kh khn trong vic nh gi li ch m thng mi in t em li nh trong lnh vc qung co do trc cha c mt thc o nh gi chung. Chuyn i thi quen tiu dng t thc n o cn thi gian. Cc bn tham gia vo giao dch Thng mi in t cha tin cy hon ton vo cc giao dch khng giy t, khng gp mt trc tip. S lng ngi tham gia cha ln t li th v quy m (ho vn v c li). S lng gian ln ngy cng tng do c th ca Thng mi in t. Thu ht vn u t mo him kh khn hn sau s sp hng lot ca cc cng ty dotcom.

Trong hai hn ch nu trn th hn ch v mt k thut c th gii quyt theo thi gian bng cch u t tin cho xy dng c s h tng k thut. Hn ch v mt thng mi l rt kh khc phc do c mt s vn v thng mi khng d dng g thay i nh lng tin v thi quen ca ngi tiu dng cho cc giao dch thng mi in t. Nhng hn ch trong vic ng dng v pht trin thng mi in t bt ngun t mt s cc ro cn (sp xp theo tm quan trng gim dn):
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

D mt an ton Thiu s tin tng v ri ro Thiu nhn lc c chuyn mn v Thng mi in t Thiu m hnh kinh doanh Khc bit v vn ho Thiu c s h tng ch k in t Cha c cc t chc qun l chuyn nghnh Gian ln trong thng mi in t C s h tng internet cn hn ch Thiu c s h tng php l cho thng mi in t.
1.4. 1.4.1. nh hng ca thng mi in t nh hng ti doanh nghip

Thng mi in t tc ng ti mi hot ng ca doanh nghip t hot ng sn xut, marketing, ti chnh k ton, o to cho ti qun tr ngun lc ca doanh nghip. Thng mi in t ra i lm thay i rt nhiu m hnh kinh doanh cng nh to ra nhiu m hnh kinh doanh mi. Cc doanh nghip thng mi truyn thng, bn cnh cc hot ng truyn thng cn trin khai cc hot ng kinh doanh trc tuyn. Thng mi in t lm thay i mi hot ng sn xut ca doanh nghip. Trc y cc doanh nghip trin khai chin lc y tc l sn xut hng lot theo thit k ca doanh nghip ri tung sn phm ra th trng. Nhng nh vic ng dng thng mi in t m doanh nghip trin khai c hot ng sn xut da trn nhu cu thc t ca ngi tiu dng- sn xut theo chin lc ko. V d nh Dell v General Motor cho php khch hng c th thit k sn phm v t hng theo yu cu qua mng. Thng mi in t lm thay i c cu t chc ca doanh nghip. C cu t chc ca cc doanh nghip c xu hng thu hp li do thng mi in t gip doanh nghip gii quyt c vn chng cho chc nng ca cc phng ban, loi b nhng phng ban khng cn thit; ng thi ng vin, pht huy ht nng lc ca ngi lao ng. Thng mi in t gip cho doanh nghip phn b hiu qu mi ngun lc. Nh ng dng thng mi in t m doanh nghip c th tch hp thng tin v hot ng sn xut gia cc nh my vi nhau, thng tin gia doanh nghip vi cc nh cung ng nguyn ph liu cho d cc t chc ny cc khu vc a l khc nhau. Vic tch hp thng tin gia cc nh my trn khp ton cu s gip cho doanh nghip phn b hiu qu mi ngun lc, cng nh m bo sn phm cc nh my khc nhau u ging nhau v kiu dng v cht lng.
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Thng mi in t gip cho doanh nghip nng cao hiu qu hot ng marketing nh y nhanh tc tung sn phm ra th trng, tin hnh hiu qu hot ng nghin cu th trng, xy dng thng hiu v hnh nh p cho doanh nghip, ci thin dch v khch hng ... Thay v qung co hng lot th thng mi in t cho php doanh nghip c bit ha hot ng qung co cho tng i tng, c nhn c th. iu ny gip doanh nghip to c lng tin v s trung thnh ca khch hng. Ngoi ra thng mi in t gip doanh nghip loi b bt trung gian trong hot ng phn phi. c bit l i vi cc sn phm s ha, doanh nghip c th cung cp ngay cng vi thi im khch hng yu cu. Mt tc ng tch cc na m thng mi in t em li cho doanh nghip chnh l ci thin hot ng o to, tuyn dng, nh gi v ng vin nhn vin. Thng qua mng ni b cng ty, doanh nghip c th cung cp c cc kha o to cho nhn vin nhm nng cao nghip v v tay ngh nhng vn m bo hiu sut lm vic ca ngi lao ng. Thng qua mng ni b, cc cc lnh o s nm r c thng tin v tng c nhn ngi lao ng, nh vy h s c nh gi ng v ngi lao ng trn c s s c nhng bin php c th khuyn khch tng ngi lm vic hiu qu hn na.
1.4.2. nh hng ti ngi tiu dng

Thng mi in t ang lm thay i dn thi quen mua sm cng ca ngi tiu dng, thay v i ti tn ca hng chn mua mt loi sn phm, ngi ti nh hay bt c u, ngi tiu dng vn c th tin hnh mua sm mt mt hng t bt c nh cung cp no thng qua cc phng tin in t, m ch yu thng qua mng internet. Thng mi in t khng ch em li cho ngi tiu dng nhiu s chn la hn v hng ha, dch v m cn tit kim cho ngi tiu dng rt nhiu thi gian mua sm cng nh chi ph. Trc y ngi tiu dng phi mua sn phm theo gi nim yt trn mi sn phm th gi y ngi tiu dng c th chn mua sn phm theo mc gi c kh nng chi tr hay sn sng tr. Nh vy, ngi tiu dng c th kim sot c ngn sch mua sm ca c nhn.

Thng mi in t kch thch s thch mua sm ca ngi tiu dng.

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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Thay v mt mi i ht cc gi hng chn mua sn phm th gi y bng cch lt web, ngi tiu dng s tm thy c y thng tin v tt c mt hng, cng nh so snh gi c ca mt mt hng cng loi vi nhau tm ra sn phm tt nht c gi c thp nht. i khi khi mua sm qua mng ngi tiu dng mua sm ngoi d kin do b thu ht bi nhng qung co bt mt ca cc sn phm trn website. Nh vy thng mi in t lm thay i thi quen chi tiu ca ngi tiu dng.
1.4.3. nh hng ti mi trng x hi

Trc ht thng mi in t nh hng ti cch thc cng ty bn sn phm ra ngoi th trng cng nh cch thc mua hng ca ngi tiu dng. Thng mi in t cho php cc doanh nghip khng phi xy dng cc chui ca hng ngoi i thc m vn c th tin hnh kinh doanh thnh cng. Tin phong v thnh cng vi m hnh kinh doanh mi ny phi k n amazon.com Thng mi in t pht trin lm gim p lc lm pht cho nn kinh t, nng cao cht lng cuc sng ngi dn. Thng mi in t gip cc doanh nghip ct gim chi ph, tng nng sut ca doanh nghip. Chi ph ct gim trong khi cnh tranh ngy cng gia tng s gip gim gnh nng v gi cng nh l gim lm pht cho nn kinh t. Hn na, nng sut tng, chi ph gim s gip doanh nghip gim gi thnh sn phm. Nh vy ngi tiu dng c nhiu c hi tip cn v s hu cc sn phm bn trn th trng. Vic trin khai thng mi in t i hi cc doanh nghip phi ng dng cc phn mm tch hp, nh vy s gip cc doanh nghip s dng hiu qu mi ngun lc ca doanh nghip cng nh ca x hi. Hn na thng mi in t cn gip doanh nghip phn no gii quyt c bi ton nhim mi trng, ci thin mi trng sng cho con ngi. Thng mi in t khng ch ng dng trong lnh vc thng mi hng ha m cn c tin hnh trong mi lnh vc ca x hi nh trong ngnh dch v, gio dc, dch v cng Thng mi in t gp phn nng cao cht lng i sng ngi dn. Vic p dng thng mi in t gip cho ngi dn c nhiu c hi c th tip cn vi cc dch v m trc y h cha bao gi c tip cn.
ng dng ng truyn thng tin bng ging ni vo trong lnh vc du lch

Cng ty Tellme Networks, Inc. (tellme.com) trin khai ng truyn thng tin giao thng 511 da trn ging ni u tin Utah. y l mt th nghim trn qui m quc gia chun b cho vic B Giao thng vn ti Hoa K s trin khai cc dch v 511 ln lt tng bang ca Hoa K. Dch v 511 ny c bt u a vo p dng t ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2001. Ch cn s dng ging ni, nhng ngi gi in t my c nh hay t in thoi cm tay trong phm vi bang Utah, Hoa K gi y c th yu cu nhn c nhng thng tin nhanh chng v tnh hnh giao thng, phn lung ng,
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

vn ti cng cng. Cc cu tr li ny c gi i t mng Internet v cc c s d liu lin quan Thng 7 nm 2000, U ban thng tin lin bang ca M chn s 511 l s in thoi quc gia cung cp cc thng tin cho khch du lch, ging nh vic gi s 411 hi danh b hay bm 911 yu cu cp cu. Trc y, chnh ph v cc s giao thng cc bang phi dng n hn 300 s in thoi cc vng trn c nc tr li cc thng tin v tnh hnh giao thng v cung cp thng tin cho khch du lch. y l ln u tin ngi ta ch cn gi mt s in thoi c cung cp cc thng tin i li d l i du lch hay n gin ch l li xe t vn phng v nh. C quan giao thng vn ti Utah cung cp min ph dch v thng tin i li v du lch 511. ng dng 511 l mt ng dng c bit ca cc cng ging ni theo ngi gi c th kt ni vi trang web t bt k chic in thoi no thng qua ging ni. ng Martin Knopp, Gim c h thng vn ti thng minh, Utah DOT pht biu: Nh nhm lm vic quc gia 511 quy nh, nhn dng ging ni l cch thc ngi gi tip cn c nhng thng tin trn 511. Hn na, dch v ny khng i hi chi ph vn cho vn phng, v chng ta c th li dng nhng khon u t v thng tin m chng ta c c xy dng c s h tng trang web thng thng. Tellme networks ang tin hnh mt cuc cch mng trong vic s dng in thoi ca c nhn cng nh cng ty bng cch tng cng ng k cht lng cuc gi vi Internet v cng ngh s dng ging ni. Tellme to iu kin cho doanh nghip v chnh ph cung cp nhiu tin ch hn cho ngi gi ng thi li gim c chi ph v cc th tc rm r. 1.5. 1.5.1. Thc trng pht trin thng mi in t ti Vit Nam v trn Th gii Thc trng pht trin Thng mi in t trn th gii

Thng mi in t tip tc pht trin mnh m trn khp ton cu, c bit l ti cc nc ang pht trin ni bt ngun ca thng mi in t. Cc nc pht trin chim hn 90% tng gi tr giao dch thng mi in t ton cu, trong ring phn ca Bc M v Chu u ln ti trn 80%. Tc pht trin thng mi in t nhanh nht khu vc Bc M, tip n l ti khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng v Ty u. Ti Chu c hai nc Singapore v Trung Quc l c tc pht trin thng mi in t nhanh chng v theo kp vi cc nc Bc M. Nhng nc cn li Chu , thng mi in t c pht trin tuy nhin cn rt l chm.
Hnh 1.2: Tng trng thng mi in t ton cu

Ngun: Cc thng k ca M, 2005

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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

M l nc c trnh thng mi in t pht trin nht trn th gii. Hin ny hot ng thng mi in t ca M chim khong trn 70% t l thng mi in t ca ton cu. Doanh s bn l ca nc ny t hot ng bn hng trc tuyn tng u hng nm v nm sau cao hn nm trc. B2C l m hnh thng mi in t lu i v pht trin nhanh nht. Tuy nhin trong nhng nm tr li y th m hnh thng mi in t B2B li pht trin nhanh hn.
Hnh 1.3: Tc pht trin thng mi in t B2B v B2C ti M
$1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 B2C B2B

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Ngun: Cc thng k ca M, 2004

Thng mi in t ti cc nc Chu M La tinh pht trin rt nhanh trong nhng nm va qua. Venezuela l nc c tc pht trin thng mi in t nhanh nht trong khu vc, tng 224% trong vng hai nm t 2005 2007. Sau Venezuela l cc nc Chile, Mexico, Brazil c tc pht trin thng mi in t tng ng l 183%, 143%, 116%. Hnh thc thanh ton trc tuyn ph bin nht ca nc ny l th tn dng. Thng mi in t B2B chim 80% gi tr giao dch thng mi in t ti M La tinh. Brazil l nc c tc pht trin nhanh nht trong khu vc, tip theo l Mexico, Argentina. Hin nay, 88% cc website thng mi in t B2B trong khu vc l ca Brazil.
1.5.2. Thc trng pht trin thng mi in t ti Vit Nam

Thng mi in t xut hin ti Vit Nam trong khong 10 nm tr li y k t khi Internet c trin khai vo nm 1997. Tuy nhin, ng dng thng mi in t mi ch thc s ph bin trong khong gn 4 nm tr li y k t khi Lut giao dch in t c ban hnh vo thng 12/2005 v c hiu lc vo thng 3/2006. Lut giao dch in t c ban hnh c xem l mt bc ngot cho pht trin thng mi in t ti nc ta. iu ny cho thy rng chnh ph Vit Nam thc s thy c vai tr ca thng mi in t i s vi pht trin kinh t v x hi. Bn cnh vic ban hnh lut, chnh ph cn a ra K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010. Mc tiu ca k hoch l:
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

60% DN c quy m ln tin hnh giao dch TMT loi hnh DN vi DN (B2B); 80% DN va v nh bit ti tin ch ca thng mi in t v tin hnh giao dch TMT loi hnh DN vi ngi tiu dng (B2C) hoc DN vi DN (B2B); 10% h gia nh tin hnh giao dch TMT loi hnh DN vi ngi tiu dng (B2C) hoc ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng (C2C); Cc cho thu mua sm ca Chnh ph c cng b trn trang tin in t ca cc c quan chnh ph v ng dng giao dch thng mi in t trong mua sm chnh ph (B2G). Sau 4 nm ban hnh lut cng nh k hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t, ti nc ta thng mi in t c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh: Trong lnh vc sn xut v dch v, cc doanh nghip trin khai cc phn mm thng mi in t vo trong qun tr doanh nghip nh: phn mm qun tr k ton, phn mm qun tr ngun lc doanh nghip, phn mm ngun cung ng, phn mm qun l c s d liu khch hng. Trong lnh vc mua bn trc tuyn, s lng cc sn giao dch, hay ch o tng ln nhanh chng. Theo nghin cu ca Cc thng mi in t v cng ngh thng tin - B Cng Thng, tnh n cui nm 2007 s lng sn thng mi in t B2B ti nc ta l 40 sn, B2C l 100 sn. Sn thng mi in t C2C cng pht trin nhanh. S lng sn thng mi in t B2B tuy t hn B2C nhng tc tng doanh thu t sn giao dch B2B li cao hn.

Nhn vo c cu hng ha, dch v c gii thiu trn cc website doanh nghip, c th thy nhm hng ha ph bin nht hin nay vn l thit b in t vin thng, dch v du lch v hng tiu dng. Nm 2008 c xem l nm pht trin nng ca
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

hot ng bn l hng in t vin thng, th hin ch cc siu th in t vin thng mc ln nh nm. Cng theo xu th pht trin ca ngnh hng in t vin thng th s lng cc website kinh doanh mt hng ny cng tng mnh trong nm 2008. Trong lnh vc dch v ti chnh v ngn hng, nc ta trin khai c hot ng ngn hng in t, chng khon in t. Ngi tiu dng c th tip cn vi cc dch v ngn hng in t thng qua mng internet (internet banking) hay qua mng di ng (SMSbanking). Cn trong lnh vc chng khon in t, ngi tiu dng c th truy vn thng tin th trng, thng tin ti khon, ng k m ti khon, qun l danh mc u t, t lnh giao dch cng nh nhn thng tin v kt qu giao dch.

Trong lnh vc vn ti hnh khch, cc cng ty vn ti hnh khch, c bit l vn ti ng st v hng khng, trin khai hot ng bn v trc tuyn. Vic trin khai hot ng bn v in t trong lnh vc hng khng l i hi tt yu khi tham gia vo hip hi vn ti hng khng quc t (IATA). Jestar Pacific, m tin thn l Pacific Airlines, l hng bay Vit Nam u tin tin hnh hot ng bn v in t vo thng 3 nm 2006. Tnh n ht nm 2008, Vit Nam trin khai c mt s dch v cng trc tuyn nh: khai bo hi quan in t, cp giy chng nhn xut x in t, k khai thu in t, mua sm cng trc tuyn, cp giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t, giy php thnh lp vn phng i din in t, ng k con du trc tuyn. Vic trin khai dch v cng trc tuyn gip cho chnh ph trin khai k hoch mt ca mt cch nhanh chng. Ngoi ra cn to mi trng minh bch v cng khai cho tt c cc dch v cng. Bn cnh vic trin khai cc dch v cng trc tuyn nu trn th t nm 2009 Vit Nam cng trin khai hot ng mua sm chnh ph in t (e-procurement) u thu qua mng trn 3 n v ln VNPT, EVN v y ban nhn dn thnh ph H Ni.
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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

Tnh ti cui nm 2007 a c trn 30 tnh ph duyt chng trnh, k hoch pht trin thng mi in t ti a phng giai on ti nm 2010. Nhiu k hoch c xy dng vi cht lng tt v c tnh kh thi cao, chng hn nh Chng trnh pht trin thng mi in t Thnh ph H Ch Minh giai on 2008 2010 hay K hoch pht trin thng mi in t tnh Bc Ninh giai on 2007 2010. Bn cnh vic pht trin thng mi in t v qui m trn khp c nc, Vit Nam cng rt quan tm ti hp tc thng mi in t vi th gii. Nc ta ch ng tham gia vo cc din n a phng v thng mi in t vi cc t chc APEC, UNCITRAL,UN/CEFACT, UNTACD Hp tc song phng v thng mi in t vi mt s nc nh Trung Quc nhm y mnh hot ng giao thng gia hai quc gia, hp tc vi Hoa K nhm nng cao nng lc bo v d liu c nhn,v mt s quc gia khc. Hin nay nhiu tp on ln ca Hoa K trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t nh Microsoft, IBM, Intel, IDG, Yahoo!, Google, eBay... chnh thc c mt v hot ng tch cc ti th trng ti Vit Nam.

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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

TM LC CUI BI

Tm li, hot ng thng mi in t ti Vit Nam vn trong giai on u pht trin, mi ch ng dng mnh m trong vng 4 nm tr li y. Tuy nhin, nc ta cng trin khai c mt s ng dng thng mi in t nh trong mua bn hng ha dch v, cung cp dch v cng cho d kt qu t c cha cao. Cc hot ng thng mi in t trin khai ti Vit Nam ch mi mang tnh hnh thc do hn ch v h tng k thut cng nh nhn thc ca ngi dn. Trong bi m u ca mn hc ny, chng ta xem xt cc khi nim thng mi in t trn c ngha hp v ngha rng; nm c khi nim, c im ca mt s m hnh thng mi in t v ang pht trin; phn tch li ch v hn ch ca thng mi in t, t thy c nhng nh hng ca thng mi in t ti cc c nhn, doanh nghip cng nh ton x hi. Bi hc cung cp cho cc bn ci nhn tng quan v thng mi in t, gip cc bn c c s ban u c th nhn xt, nh gi cc website thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip m bn mun tm hiu, ng thi cng l c s cc bn hc tt nhng bi hc sau.

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Bi 1: Tng quan v thng mi in t

CU HI THO LUN

1. nh ngha thng mi in t? 2. Thng mi in t v kinh doanh in t c g ging v khc nhau? 3. Cho bit lch s hnh thnh v pht trin internet v thng mi in t. 4. Nu nhng li ch ca thng mi in t i vi doanh nghip, ngi tiu dng, v x hi. 5. Nu nhng hn ch ca thng mi in t. 6. Theo bn th hn ch no ca thng mi in t d vt qua nht hn ch k thut hay phi k thut v ti sao? 7. Cho bit mt s ro cn i vi pht trin thng mi in t. 8. Nu mt s m hnh thng mi in t ph bin hin nay. 9. Ti sao ni thng mi in t l mt cht xc tc lm thay i c bn cc t chc? 10. Hy gii thch vic thng mi in t c th gim vng i, tng sc mnh cho nhn vin v h tr thn thin vi khch hng. 11. Ti sao vic mua hng dng th thng minh t mt my t ng li c coi l thng mi in t? 12. Hy truy cp website bigboxx.com v xc nh cc sn phm v dch v website ny cung cp cho khch hng. y l m hnh thng mi in t g? nh gi nhng u im v nhc im ca m hnh ny? 13. Truy cp website Amazon.com v xc nh nhng ni dung sau y: Tm 5 cun sch bn chy nht v thng mi in t Tm 1 nhn xt v cc cun sch Hy nh gi nhng dch v khch hng ca Amazon.com v nhng li ch khi mua sm ti y 14. Hy truy cp website priceline.com v xc nh y l m hnh kinh doanh in t g? 15. Truy cp vo website ca ups.com v tm thng tin v cc d n thng mi in t ang c cng ty trin khai lin quan n qun tr knh cung cp v logistics. UPC ang s dng cc dch v wireless nh th no? 16. Hy truy cp website chemconnect.com. y l m hnh thng mi in tt no? Tm nhng li ch m m hnh ny em li cho ngi mua v ngi bn? 17. Truy cp website ebay.com v nh gi li ch ca u gi trc tuyn i vi nhng ngi tham gia. Ngun thu ca ebay ch yu t u? Kh nng pht trin ca m hnh ny.

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