Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

ti:

GII THIU V CC LOI CHAI NHA

LI NI U
Bao b c s dng ph bin cha dng tt c cc loi hng ha trong qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn, phn phi v kim tra. Bao b c tc dng bo v cht lng hng ha t khi sn xut, n trao i thng mi v tiu th, hiu qu kinh t v th hin s tin b ca x hi. T nhng vt cha ng th s ngy xa, khoa hc k thut pht trin nhiu phng php ng gi tng ng vi loi vt liu bao b, to nn nhiu bao b p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi. Cng nghip bao b hnh thnh v c chia thnh nhiu lnh vc theo tng i tng c bao gi, trong thc phm l i tng quan trng. Nha polyethylen terephthalate (PET) l mt polyme k thut c bn cng v bn va p, khng ha cht, trong v kh nng gia cng rt tt. Do PET ngy cng c s dng ph bin lm chai l cha cht lng nh nc tinh khit, nc c gas, nc ngt, nc tng 1. Khi nim v bao b Bao b l loi vt dng bao, gi, gi, cha ng mt loi sn phm, tr gip trong vic vn chuyn v lu tr. Bao b phi m bo cht lng cho sn phm, c th phn phi, lu kho, kim tra v thng mi mt cch thun li. C th ni l bao b thc phm c yu cu mt cch nghim khc v cu to v cht lng thng tin ( cu to gn lin vi phng php ng bao b ). 2. S lc v bao b nha 2.1 Gii thiu chung v vt liu nha Nguyn liu sn xut nha l ngun hydrocarbon t du ha, c tch trong qu trnh lc du. Cng ngh ch to bao b nha pht trin a dng, phong ph v chng loi, t tnh nng cao trong cha ng, bo qun cc loi thc phm nn hin nay bao b nha plastic c s dng kh ph bin. Page 2

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha Bao b plastic thng khng mu, khng mi, khng v, c loi c th t mm do, p st b mt thc phm trong trng hp sn phm c bo qun chn khng, cng c loi bao b t cng vng cao, chng va chm c hc hiu qu, chng thm kh hi do m bo c p lc cao bn trong mi trng cha thc phm. Bao b plastic c th trong sut, nhn thy r sn phm bn trong, hoc c th m c, che khut hon ton nh sng bo v thc phm; bn cnh , c loi c th chu c nhit thanh trng hoc nhit lnh ng thm . Cc loi bao b plastic c in n nhn hiu d dng, t c mc m quan yu cu. Ngoi ra, tnh cht ni bt l bao b plastic nh hn tt c cc loi vt liu bao b khc, rt thun tin trong phn phi, chuyn ch. Polymers c to thnh t cc monomer cng loi hoc khc loi v thng c nhng nhnh ngn. Mt s mch nhnh c tc dng lm cho polymers bn vi cc tc nhn ha hc. Nhiu loi polymers l thnh phn chnh to nn mt s loi bao b dng bao gi thc phm v c bit n nh l nhm bao b plastics. 2.2 Cng dng, c tnh ca mt s loi bao b nha

2.2.1 PE (Polyethylene) c tnh: - Trong sut, hi c nh m, c b mt bng lng, mm do. - Chng thm nc v hi nc tt. - Chng thm kh O2, CO2, N2 v du m u km. - Chu c nhit cao (di 230oC) trong thi gian ngn. - B cng phng v h hng khi tip xc vi tinh du thm hoc cc cht ty nh Axeton, H2O2 - C th cho kh, hng thm thu xuyn qua, do PE cng c th hp thu gi mi trong bn thn bao b, v cng chnh mi ny c th c hp thu bi thc phm c cha ng, gy mt gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. Cng dng: - Lm thng (can) c th tch t 1 n 20 lt vi cc dy khc nhau. - Sn xut np chai. Do np chai b hp thu mi nn chai ng thc phm y bng np PE phi c bo qun trong mt mi trng khng c cht gy mi. 2.2.2 PP (Polypropylen) c tnh : Page 3

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha - Tnh bn c hc cao (bn x v bn ko t), kh cng vng, khng mm do nh PE, khng b ko gin di do c ch to thnh si. c bit kh nng b x rch d dng khi c mt vt ct hoc mt vt thng nh. - Trong sut, bng b mt cao cho kh nng in n cao, nt in r. - Chu c nhit cao hn 100oC. Tuy nhin nhit hn dn m (thn) bao b PP (140oC) - cao so vi PE - c th gy chy, h hng mng ghp cu trc bn ngoi, nn thng t dng PP lm lp trong cng. - C tnh cht chng thm O2, hi nc, du m v cc kh khc. Cng dng: - Dng lm bao b mt lp cha ng bo qun thc phm , khng yu cu chng oxy ha mt cch nghim nht. - To thnh si, dt thnh bao b ng lng thc, ng cc c s lng ln. - PP cng c sn xut dng mng ph ngoi i vi mng nhiu lp tng tnh chng thm kh, hi nc, to kh nng in n cao, v d x rch m bao b (do c to sn mt vt t) v to bng cao cho bao b.

3.Cc phng php thi chai nha

Hin nay trn th gii s dng ph bin nht phng php to ra cc loi chai, l phng php thi (blowing molding). Mc ch ca phng php ny l to ra mt sn phm rng t nha nhit do. Phng php thi dng cho nhng sn phm nh, sn xut hng lot.

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

Nguyn liu

Phi trn Nu chy

p phi

Nung phi

Thi

Tch khun

Kim tra

Sn phm

L phng php trong kh nn c thi vo mt ti nha do p nha do ln b mt ca khun. y l mt phng php quan trng to ra nhng chi tit, nhng sn phm bng cht do c thnh mng nh cc loi chai, l v thng cha. Nhng loi chai c sn xut dng cho ngnh thc phm v dc phm th i hi rt cao v cht lng. Phng php thi c th chia thnh hai bc: - Bc th nht l to ra mt ng nha do, hay thng gi l parison. - Bc th hai l thi kh nn vo p nha do ln b mt trong ca khun to thnh hnh dng theo mong mun. C hai bc trn u c nh hng rt ln n cht lng sn phm.

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

* Bc to ng nha do: Yu cu ca ng nha do phi c dy ph hp. Ty theo sn phm m n c th c dy u hay lch mt pha. Nu nh bc ny iu chnh dy ca ng nha do khng hp l th sn phm s c chiu dy khng u, thm ch c ch thiu nha s dn n chai b thng, hoc khng t ng khi lng yu cu (qu nng hay qu nh so vi n t hng). *Bc thi kh nn vo khun: y cng l mt bc ht sc quan trng. Thng thng p sut kh nn khi thi vo khun l 8 bar. Cng ty thuc vo loi sn phm m c thi gian thi kh vo lu hay nhanh. Nu kh thi vo khng th sn phm s khng t c hnh dng mong mun, b mt sn phm b nhn, li lmi vi nhng loi sn phm ln (khong t 2 lt tr ln, sau khi thi trong khun xong, ngi ta cn thi ph thm trnh trng hp nha co li sau khi ngui). Phng php thi b gii hn trong loi nha nhit do (l loi nha khi b gia nhit th n chuyn t dng rn sang dng do v khi thi gia nhit th n chuyn li dng rn). Polyethylene (PE) l loi nha c s dng ph bin nht trong phng php thi, c bit l PE mt cao (HDPE) v PE c khi lng phn t cao (HMWPE). So vi loi PE mt thp (LDPE), khi cn cng cao, HDPE v HMWPE cho hiu qu kinh t cao hn do thnh ca sn phm c th lm mng hn. Mt s sn phm ca phng php thi cn dng cc loi cht do nh polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), v polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Vic xc nh chiu dy ng nha, thi gian thi, tc n ra ng nha dou c thc hin trong qu trnh iu chnh my do loi vt liu nha rt kh kim sot khi chuyn sang dng do v khi chuyn t dng do sang dng rn. Thuyt minh quy trnh: Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu c s dng l ht nha PET v nha ti ch. Phi trn: Tin hnh phi trn ht nha PET, nha ti ch v cc ph gia, mu vi nhau. Nu chy p phi: Sau khi c gia nhit nha tip tc c n p to ra phi nha. Ta s thu c thnh phm l phi nha. Sau khi nung, phi s c a vo my thi thnh sn phm v c kim tra ln cui tng chai v cht lng (kch thc, n hi), ng yu cu ri mi em nhp kho sn phm. Vi c trng l c th ti s dng li nn hao ht nguyn vt liu trong sn xut l khng ln. Sn phm phi khng t tiu chun thng ch chim 2 - 4% v c em ti ch li. Page 6

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

Thi: lc ny cn thi c gn cht vo ming khun nha, khng kh c a vo thng qua mt l hng gia cn thi p nha do vo b mt khun, nhm t c sn phm c hnh dng nh mong mun.

Kim tra sn phm: Mt chai PET ra khun b li s c kim tra bng cch ct chai nha kim tra xem c bao nhiu chai b li v li ti nguyn cng no. Thc ra vic thi chai PET ny khng cn sn phm phi chun 100% so vi thit k. Chai lm ra ch cn ging khong 99% v vn m bo cht lng l t yu cu. Cc bc kim tra nh sau 1. Cng nhn ct s pht hin v loi nhng sn phm b li: b chy nha, b thng, lch 2. Cn sn phm xem n c t yu cu n t hng khng. 3. Ct ngang sn phm kim tra dy ca thnh chai c u hay khng. 4. nc vo, ng np mt thi gian kim tra xem sn phm c b r r hay khng. 5. Kim tra cc kch thc hnh hc nh chiu cao, rngbng cc dng c nh thc kp, panme Cc sn phm y c ly ngu nhin kim tra. Ty theo yu cu v thc phm cha ng bn trong m phng php thi c p dng cc k thut khc nhau. Hin nay ph bin nht c hai phng php

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

c s dng ph bin l: phng php p phun thi v phng php p n thi tng ng vi cc sn phm chai l chai PET v chai nha do (chai HDPE). 3.1 Phng php p phun thi

Nguyn liu s dng trong phng php ny cng l nha do. Nguyn l ca phng php ny c m t nh hnh v:

Cc bc m t quy trnh phun thi (1) Nha nng chy c phun vo xung quanh cn thi (2) Khun m ra v cn thi cng vi nha do c di chuyn t vo khun. (3) Kh nn c a vo, lm p nha do vo b mt khun nhm t c sn phm c hnh dng nh mong mun. (4) Khun m ra v sn phm c ly ra ngoi. So vi phng php n, phng php ny cho nng sut thp hn do chu trnh di hn. iu l gii ti sao phng php ny t c s dng trong sn xut. Page 8

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha Ngoi ra cng cn rt nhiu yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm nh: Vic ch to khun, vic lp khun ln my khng chnh xc, khun b nghing, nha khng sch. Vic xc nh chiu dy ng nha, thi gian thi, tc n ra ng nha dou c thc hin trong qu trnh iu chnh my do loi vt liu nha rt kh kim sot khi chuyn sang dng do v khi chuyn t dng do sang dng rn. Trong phng php ny, phi c to ring, c th sn xut phi ti mt nh my khc. Sau phi c a n nh my ch bin thc phm. Do vy, phng php ny c tnh linh ng cao. u im: tnh linh hot cao. Nhc im: khng thch hp sn xut hng lot do quy trnh sn xut di cho nng sut thp. Nu vic ch to, lp khun ln my khng chnh xc, khun b nghing, nha khng sch sn phm s khng t cht lng, kh kim sot.

3.2 Phng php n thi y l mt phng php cho nng sut cao. Thng thng, n c tch hp vo mt dy chuyn sn xut nh : thi chai sau l cho sn phm cn ng (nc c gas hoc thuc) vo v cui cng l dn nhn. N yu cu sn phm sau khi thi phi cng v cng cn tu thuc vo t l theo cc phng. C chai thng c dng trc vt. Np chai c lm t nha do. Qu trnh n thi : Gia nhit: nha do c un nng chy nhit cao. n: sau khi gia nhit nha nng chy c y qua mt khe to hnh vnh khuyn, thng b tr thng ng, to thnh mt ng nha mng. Trong giai on ny: - Cn kim sot thng s nhit ca u n nha theo tng vng. Nhit c kim sot bng h thng cp v tn nhit c b tr dc theo u n nha. Theo di nhit bng cp nhit in. - Cn kim sot lu lng nha n. Lu lng nha n c theo di v kim sot bng tc quay trc vt me (do ng knh ng n nha khng i Vic xc nh nhit lm do ha ht nha cng ty thuc vo loi nha. Sau y l mt v d v thit lp nhit cho u n nha: Page 9

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha Cu to ca u n nha :

T hnh v ta thy qu trnh to ng nha l lin tc, khi no ht nguyn liu th li vo phu.

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha Thng s cho qu trnh n thi cn c bao gm:

- Thng s vn hnh my : nhit vng vt trn, nhit u n, tc vt n, p lc u n, h khe n. - Thng s vn hnh phn khun: nhit khun, thi gian kp khun, thi gian m khun, p lc kp khun, th lch lng khun. - Thng s vn hnh phn kh nn: nhit kh nn, m kh nn, p lc kh nn. - Thng s vt liu: ch s chy, nhit chy mm, m nha, nhit kt tinh,t trng, khi lng nha cho mt ln thi n vo khun. u im: tit kim chi ph, sn xut lin tc, thch hp sn xut hng lot Nhc im:

4. Sn phm
Hip hi Cng nghip Nha (SPI) thnh lp mt h thng phn loi nm 1988 cho php ti ch ng cch ti ch v x l cc loi nha. Cc nh sn xut theo mt h thng m ha t mt m SPI, hoc s, trn mi sn phm nha, thng c vo pha di. Loi nha dng lm bao b thc phm thuc loi nha nhit do, nhit cng cao th cng tr nn mm do, khi nhit c h xung th tr li c tnh ban u. c tnh chu nhit ca plastic lm bao b thc phm c quan tm nh sau: - tnc : nhit plastic bt u chy nho. - thn : nhit ca my hn p t vo plastic hai m ca bao b plastic chy nho dnh vo nhau to s kn cho bao b. - tmin : nhit thp nht m plastic chu c khng b bin i c tnh. u im - Trong sut, c th nhn thy c. - T trng thp, nh, d vn chuyn. - Bao b plastic c th chu p lc, va chm c hc, chu p lc chn khng tt ty theo loi plastic. - Chu nhit tt, c th chu c nhit cao nh nhit thanh trng, nhit thp nh nhit lnh ng -40oC ty theo loi plastic. - Kh nng in n tt nn vic ghi nhn hiu v trang tr d dng, che nh sng. Page 11

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha - Ghp m d dng. - C kh nng ti ch. Nhc im - Mt s loi nha c c tnh d gy c cho thc phm. - Mt s loi nha khng c kh nng ti s dng v ti ch nn gy nhim mi trng. - Gi thnh cn kh cao so vi vt liu truyn thng, c bit cc bao b plastic chu nhit. 4.1 Chai PET Chai PET ch yu c sn xut bng phng php phun thi. chun b cho qu trnh thi chai, phi s c gia nhit li. Ti giai on ny, phi s c thi t di y ln. V vy di y chai PET sn phm s c mt chm nha trn nh. Nha c nh du bng m SPI 1 (PET) c to thnh t phn ng trng ngng polyethylene terephthalate, cn c gi l PETE hoc PET. Nha ny thng c ti ch.

Chai PET c sn xut vo nm 1973. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE hoc polyester) thng c s dng cho ung c ga, nc gii kht, nc tinh khit, nc tri cy, bia PET thuc nhm polyester l loi copolymer c ch to bi phn ng trng ngng. Tn vit tt PET ch loi polyester s dng etylene glycol lm cht nn khi u cho qu trnh trng hp. PET cn c tn thng mi l Mylar, Milinex, Hoslaphane v Terphane. PET c sn xut t phn ng trng ngng gia ethylene glycol v dimethyl terephthalate ( DMT) hoc axit terephthalic ( TPA) di p sut thp. Phn ng nh sau:

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

Nhng loi plastic tng cn PET: - Loi copolyme c gi l PETG c ch to gm: PET v 6% cxyclohexane dimethanol, trng thi khng nh hng, bn c cao c dng lm bao b cho thc phm cn gia nhit, c th chu c nhit 115 1210C. - PET kt tinh nhanh, c gi l CPET, thng c dng lm bao b thc phm cn gia nhit trc khi n v cng chu c nhit trn 1000C tng t nh PETG. - PET v nh hnh c tnh cht tng t nh PET nh hng. 4.1.1 Cu to chai PET Cc c tnh ca PET c quyt nh bi qu trnh x l nhit, n c th tn ti 2 dng: v nh hnh ( trong sut) v dng kt tinh ( mu trng c). - Dng kt tinh: cc mch polyme sp xp song song, c s nh hng r rt, gia cc mch polyme song song hnh thnh cc lin kt ngang to nn mng li c sp xp trt t lm cho cu trc ca khi polyme bn vng. Trng hp cc mng li polyme c cu to dng xon cng lm tng tnh chng thm kh hi, tnh bn c, bn ha ca plastic. - Dng v nh hnh: cc mch polyme khng sp xp song song theo trt t, khng c s sp xp nh hng, v vy khng sinh ra cc lin kt ngang ni kt gia cc mch polyme. S tn ti nhiu vng trng thi v nh hnh s lm gim tnh chng thm kh, hi, cht bo ca plastic. 4.1.2 Tnh cht chai PET - Bn c hc cao, c kh nng chu ng lc x v lc va chm, chu ng s mi mn cao, c cng vng cao. - Tr vi mi trng thc phm. Page 13

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha - Trong sut. - Chng thm kh O2, v CO2 tt hn cc loi nha khc. - Khi c gia nhit n 200oC hoc lm lnh 90oC, cu trc ha hc ca mch PET vn c gi nguyn, tnh chng thm kh hi vn khng thay i khi nhit khong 100oC . T trng : 1.38 1.41 Tmax = 2250C ( b hy cu trc). Tchy = 700C Tmin = - 700C nht ca chai : t s tnh ch t v t 25m. STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 c tnh Trng lng ring ( g cm2) Din tch ring ( m2/kg ; 25 m) Lc x rch ( kpsi ) Cng lc x ( 1 secant ) ( Kpsi ) PET 1.4 28.4 25 33 700 1000 1500 0.75 0.84 dl/g c a ao thc ph tr n c s d

Lc x ( graves ( lb in)) Lc x rch ( gm. 25 m ) thm nc thm O2 m c ( ) )

20 100 1 1.5 36 2 88 135 176.7 -73.3 148.9 Page 14

T l nh sng xuyn qua (

Khong nhit hn ghp m ( oC ) Khong nhit tn ti ( oC )

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha 13 T l dn di ti a ( ) 70 130

4.1.3 ng dng chai PET Do tnh chng thm kh CO2 rt cao nn PET c dng lm chai ng nc gii kht c gas, chim 40% tng lng nc gii kht c sn xut, chim khong 80 lng PET c sn xut. 4.1.4 u nhc im chai PET u im c a chai PET - bn c hc cao, c kh nng chu ng lc x v lc va chm, chu c s mi mn cao, c cng vng cao (v trong qu trnh ch to c nh hng 2 chiu) nn hu nh khng b nt v khi vn chuyn. - Tr vi mi mi trng thc phm. - Khng b h hng bi dung mi hu c. - Chng thm du m rt cao. - PET chng thm kh O2 v CO2 tt. - PET l mt dng bn kt tinh, khi c s gia cng ht hay si thy tinh n tr nn cng mt cch ng k v bn hn. - Tnh chng thm kh hi vn khng thay i khi nhit khong 660 100 C, nhng tmm do 700C c th lm bin dng co rt. - Tmin = -700C, nhit ny chai PET vn gi nguyn cc tnh cht c l ha. - Nhit gy h hng cu trc PET l 2250C, nhng tmm do 700C . - Bn ha hc vi mui, axit, kim, mui v c. - Kh nng in n cao ( p, r nt ) . - Nha PET c kh nng chng thm kh tt,cho nn n c kh nng gi mi tt. Nhc im c a chai PET - nhim mi trng - Kh phn hy - Khi ti s dng c th gy hi cho sc khe v c th r r cht liu nha vo trong nc ung.

4.2 Chai nha do Chai nha do thng c sn xut theo phng php n thi. Nha nng chy sau khi c n ra thnh phi s c hai mnh khun thi kp li, sau tin hnh thi. Sau khi thnh chai sn phm, phn nha d di y chai s c ct b. Do vy, xung quanh chai nha do thng c mt ng vin. Page 15

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha

Vt liu chnh dng lm chai nha l PE (poly ethylene) v PP (poly propylene), thuc loi nha nhit do (thermoplastic), c s dng ph bin trn th gii. nhit cng cao th vt liu cng mm do ( t0 phi thp hn t0 ph hy cu trc). Khi h nhit xung cc c tnh ban u ca vt liu khng b thay i. PE (poly ethylene) : c iu ch t phn ng trng hp cc monomer ethylene (C2H4) ti p = 1000 3000 at v t0 = 100- 3000C. p sut v nhit trng hp PE c th iu chnh t cu trc mch PE theo yu cu. Ngoi ra, ty mc ch s dng c th pha cc loi ph gia vo PE nh cht Tio2 to c, C to mu en ngn chn nh sng thy c, cc tc nhn trt, cc cht lm chm chy hoc cht mu. PE c phn thnh nhiu loi theo khi lng ring : LDPE : 0,91 0,925 g/cm3

MDPE : 0,926 0,94 g/cm3 HDPE : 0,941 0,965 g/cm3

LLDPE : 0,92 g/cm3 PE c s dng vi t l cao nht so vi tng lng phastic c s dng hng nm ( khong 40 50 ). LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE c s dng vi t l gn nh nhau, MDPE t c s dng hn. Trong , HDPE l vt liu thng c dng sn xut chai nha. Mt s tnh cht ca nha do HDPE : - C tnh cng vng cao, trong sut, bng b mt khng cao. - Kh nng bn nhit cao. tnc = 1210C tmin = -460C thn = 140 1500C - C bn c hc cao, sc bn ko, sc bn va chm, bn x cao. - Tnh chng thm nc, hi nc tt. - Tnh chng thm kh, hng cao. Page 16

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha - Kh nng in n tt.

PP ( Poly propylene) : c tng hp t propylene ( CH3-CH=CH2). PP l loi vt liu nh v linh hot hn PE, thng c s dng v ti ch mt cch d dng. Mt s tnh cht ca PP : - Tnh chng kh rt tt, chng thm ch bo tt, - Mng trong sut, c bng b mt cao. - Bn ha hc vi mui, axit, kim, mui v c. - B h hng trong mt s dung mi hu c. - T trng thp. - Kh bn nhit, nhit hn m cao. tnc = 132 - 1490C tmin = -180C thn = 1400C - Tnh bn c hc cao, kh cng vng, khng mm do, khng b ko dn di. - Cho kh nng in n cao, nt in r. HDPE Nha c nh du bng m SPI 2 c lm bng hp cht cao phn t Polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE l sn phm rt an ton v khng r r bt k ha cht no vo thc n hoc ung. HDPE l sn phm thng c ti ch. Sn phm lm t nha ny nh: thng cha sa

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha HDPE c th c trng hp t ethylene (CH2 = CH2 ) p sut kh quyn vi nhit 700C; hoc p sut 2750 3450kN/m2 nhit 100 1750C. 4.2.1 Cu to chai HDPE HDPE c cu to bi a s cc chui polyetylene thng c sp xp song song, mch thng ca monomer c nhnh rt ngn v s nhnh khng nhiu. 4.2.2 Tnh cht chai HDPE - C tnh cng vng cao, trong sut, bng b mt khng cao. - Kh nng bn nhit cao. tnc = 1210C tmin = -460C thn = 140 1500C - C bn c hc cao, sc bn ko, sc bn va chm, bn x cao. - Tnh chng thm nc, hi nc tt. - Tnh chng thm kh, hng cao. - Kh nng in n tt. 4.2.3 ng dng chai nha do Nha do HDPE : Dng lm vt cha ng nh cc thng (can cha ng) c th tch 1 20 lt vi dy khc nhau m bo cng vng ca bao b theo khi lng cha ng. HDPE l nha s dng rng ri nht cho cc chai nha. Vt liu ny c tnh kinh t cao. Vic b sung mu sc s lm m HDPE. Trong khi HDPE to nn s bo v tt di nhit ng bng, th n li khng th s dng vi cc sn phm trn 160F (71C) hoc cc sn phm i hi mt mi trng (chn khng) kn.

- Hnh thnh chai, l cha ng cc loi vt phm cn thanh trng. - Lm np mt s chai l thy tinh, phastic. - Lm chai, l chng oxy ha cho sn phm thc phm hoc dc phm khi c dy >= 0,5mm. PP (Poly propylene) : - Dng lm chai l, hp ng thc phm chu c ch thanh trng nhit. Page 18

Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha - Dng lm bao b mt lp, c kh nng chng thm kh, hi, cht bo. - To si dt ng lng thc, thc phm, ng cc c khi lng ln.

4.2.4 u v nhc im u im : - Nh, kh v. - Gi thnh sn xut r. - Cng ngh sn xut tin tin, c th to ra nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau vi cht lng t yu cu cho tng mc ch s dng. Nhc im : - D b bin tnh, h hng, mp mo khi chu lc nn, lc p. - nhit cao c th b nng chy. - Mt s loi nha khi ti ch gy nhim mi trng. - Mt s loi nha c th tc dng vi thc phm gy bin tnh thc phm.

5. Kt lun :
- Vt liu chnh dng lm chai nha l PE (poly ethylene) v PP (poly propylene), thuc loi nha nhit do (thermoplastic). - PE v PP l loi vt liu c t trng thp, bn, nh, t tn th tch v khi lng. - PE v PP l vt liu trong sut, chu c lc va chm c hc, lc ko, lc x, kh bn nhit v cho kh nng in n tt. - Ngoi vic dng lm chai, l ng thc phm th PE v PP cn c s dng ph bin trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghip khc. - u im chnh ca nha do l bn cao, nh, kh v v gi thnh tng i thp. - Nhc im l khi ti ch gy nhim mi trng. Ngoi ra c mt s loi nha khng th ti ch. Gy lng ph, tn km. - Chai nha c sn xut theo hai phng php n thi v phun thi. Gm hai bc chnh l to ra mt ng nha do v thi kh nn vo p nha do ln b mt trong ca khun to thnh hnh dng theo mong mun. Bng so snh u v nhc gia cc loi bao b Chai nha Chai thy tinh Lon kim loi

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Gii thiu v cc loi chai nha Thy c sn phm bn trong. Nh, d vn chuyn. Kh r r Thy c sn phm bn trong. Nng, d v, kh vn chuyn. Kh r r -

g Khng thy c sn phm bn trong. Nh hn so vi thy tinh, bn vng, d vn chuyn. D b r r do c nhiu mi hn. Tr vi thc phm

Tr vi thc phm nhng nhit cao d b nhim c bi cc cht ph gia, cht c ngm vo thc phm. Bng, p, a hnh dng Ghp np n gin Quy trnh sn xut n gin, thit b n gin Gi thnh r D gy nhim mi trng do kh phn hy t c ti s dng Tr vi thc phm -

Bng, p Ghp np n gin Quy trnh sn xut kh phc tp Gi thnh cao Khng gy nhim mi trng, kh nng ti ch cao c ti s dng

C nh kim Ghp np phc tp Quy trnh sn xut phc tp Gi thnh cao Khng gy nhim mi trng, kh nng ti ch cao Khng c ti s dng

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