Professional Documents
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REV.
NO.
FIRST ISSUE
Y.Z.ORAL
S.CILIZ
23.09.2008
DESCRIPTION
DESIGNER
CONTROL
DATE
S.CILIZ
FINAL
CONTROL
CONTENT:
1. GENERAL REMARKS
2. MATERIAL
3. MAX SLENDERNESS RATIO
4. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
5. LOAD DETERMINATION
5.1.LOAD COMBINATION
5.2.WIND LOAD CALCULATION
5.1.1 WIND LOAD CALCULATION ON TOWER BODY
6. STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
7. DESIGN INPUT
8. DESIGN OUTPUT
9. FOUNDATION LOAD
10. DEFLECTION CALCULATION
APPENDIX
A.GLOSSARY
B.OUTLINE
C.FOUNDATION DRAWING
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1. GENERAL REMARKS
Antenna Tower for 50 m. height is designed as Lattice type self-supporting tower. The total design
wind load includes the sum of the horizontal forces applied to the tower itself in the direction of the wind
and the design wind load on discrete appurtenances (antennas, ladder, cables...).
Total design effected antenna for this type is 32.37m2 to 38m2 and 167 mm/m vertical cable area (~100
mm/m effective area,according to Euronorm, 60% reduction factor can be used for accessories at the
inside of the tower) along the tower.
This tower shall be capable of withstanding a maximum wind speed of 145 km/hr to 151.2km/hr at
above 10 m. from ground level and it will be increased with height according to EIA standard.
Operational wind speed is 101.5 km/hr to 105.8 km/hr and under operational wind load maximum
displacement, twist and sway at top of tower should be less than 0,50.
The maximum member stresses and structure reactions are determined considering the wind directions
resulting in maximum wind forces and twisting moments. According to EIA -222 F standard, for
structures under 213 m. in height, allowable stresses may be increased 1/3 for each load combinations.
2. MATERIAL
STEEL ANGLES AND PLATES:
IN ACCORDANCE WITH EN 10025 YIELD POINT IN TENSION MEMBERS
MILD STEEL S 235 JR: 235 N/mm2
HIGH STEEL S 355 JR: 355 N/mm2
BOLTS:
IN ACCORDANCE WITH ISO 898/1 QUALITY 8.8
ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS ON BOLTS: 233 N/mm2
ALLOWABLE BEARING STRESS IN BOLTS
MILD STEEL S 235 JR: 432 N/mm2
HIGH STEEL S 355 JR: 612 N/mm2
Corner Leg
All other profiles
Bolts
5. LOAD DETERMINATION
5.1 LOAD COMBINATION
Description
LC1
LC2
LC3
LC4
For latticed structures, the total design wind load shall include the sum of the horizontal forces applied
to the structure in the direction of the wind and the design wind load on discrete appurtenances. The
horizontal force(F) applied to each section of the structure shall be calculated from the equations:
F = qz xGHx [CFAE+sum(CAAA)]
where
(PA)
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Top Bottom Joint Member Top Bottom Gross Face Af Face Ar Dead
Z
Z Count Count Width Width Area Adjust Adjust Load
(m) (m)
(m) (m) (m^2) Factor Factor Factor
----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 50.000 44.000 20
48 2.00 2.00 12.00 1.1450 1.0000 1.000
2 44.000 38.000 16
40 2.00 2.00 12.00 1.1500 1.0000 1.000
3 38.000 35.000
8
12 2.00 2.32 6.47 1.1000 1.0000 1.000
4 35.000 30.000
8
12 2.32 2.84 12.89 1.2700 1.0000 1.000
5 30.000 25.000
8
12 2.84 3.37 15.53 1.2750 1.0000 1.000
6 25.000 20.000
8
12 3.37 3.89 18.16 1.3100 1.0000 1.000
7 20.000 15.000
8
12 3.89 4.42 20.79 1.3500 1.0000 1.000
8 15.000 10.000
8
12 4.42 4.95 23.42 1.3700 1.0000 1.000
9 10.000 5.000
8
12 4.95 5.47 26.05 1.4100 1.0000 1.000
10 5.000 0.000
8
12 5.47 6.00 28.68 1.4300 1.0000 1.000
Linear Appurtenances:
Description From To Quantity Shape Width or Perimeter Unit In Include in
Diameter
Weight Face Wind Load
(m) (m)
(cm)
(cm) (N/m) Zone
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------accessories 0 50
1 Flat
12.5
0
250 No
Yes
cable 0 50
1 Round
12.5
0
250 No
Yes
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3814
3814
3814
3814
3814
3814
3814
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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2697
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2697
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2697
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2697
2000
2000
2000
2000
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2000
2000
2000
0
0
0
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0
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1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
1869
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EIA Section Load Case Information for "0 operational wind load":
Section Z of Z of Ave. Elev. qzGh Ice Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face NotF NotF NotF NotF NotF NotF Total Total
Label Top Bottom Above Gnd.
Thick. AF AR RR*AR AG e DF DR RR CF
AE WF AAF CAF AAR CAR AAR*CAR WA Wind Weight
(m) (m)
(m) (Pa) (cm) (m^2) (m^2) (m^2) (m^2)
(m^2) (N) (m^2)
(m^2)
(m^2) (N) (N) (N)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 50.00 44.00
47.00 852.98 0.00 2.19 0.00 0.00 12.0 0.18 1.00 1.00 0.59 3.06 2.2 5701 0.75 2.00 0.75 1.20 0.90 2047 7748 10811
2 44.00 38.00
41.00 820.34 0.00 2.19 0.00 0.00 12.0 0.18 1.00 1.00 0.59 3.05 2.2 5500 0.75 2.00 0.75 1.20 0.90 1969 7469 11235
3 38.00 35.00
36.50 793.54 0.00 1.07 0.00 0.00 6.5 0.17 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.14 1.1 2659 0.38 2.00 0.38 1.20 0.45 952 3611 6127
4 35.00 30.00
32.50 767.65 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.00 12.9 0.17 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.13 2.1 5129 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1535 6664 9949
5 30.00 25.00
27.50 731.87 0.00 2.44 0.00 0.00 15.5 0.16 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.17 2.4 5656 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1464 7120 11471
6 25.00 20.00
22.50 691.09 0.00 2.55 0.00 0.00 18.2 0.14 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.25 2.5 5726 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1382 7108 11619
7 20.00 15.00
17.50 643.21 0.00 2.77 0.00 0.00 20.8 0.13 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.29 2.8 5847 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1286 7133 12989
8 15.00 10.00
12.50 584.25 0.00 3.01 0.00 0.00 23.4 0.13 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.31 3.0 5813 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1169 6981 13730
9 10.00 5.00
7.50 549.08 0.00 3.16 0.00 0.00 26.1 0.12 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.34 3.2 5805 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1098 6903 15684
10 5.00 0.00
2.50 549.08 0.00 3.28 0.00 0.00 28.7 0.11 1.00 1.00 0.58 3.38 3.3 6083 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1098 7181 15937
Concentrated Loads for Load Case "45 operational wind load":
Joint Force Force Force Moment Moment Moment Load
Label X-Dir Y-Dir Vertical X-Axis Y-Axis Z-Axis Comment
(N) (N)
(N) (N-m) (N-m) (N-m)
-------------------------------------------------------------AP 1322 1322
2000
0
0
0
AX 1322 1322
2000
0
0
0
AXY 1322 1322
2000
0
0
0
AY 1322 1322
2000
0
0
0
15S 1322 1322
2000
0
0
0
15X 1322 1322
2000
0
0
0
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1322
1322
1322
1322
1322
2000
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2000
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2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EIA Section Load Case Information for "45 operational wind load":
Section Z of Z of Ave. Elev. qzGh Ice Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face Face NotF NotF NotF NotF NotF NotF Total Total
Label Top Bottom Above Gnd.
Thick. AF AR RR*AR AG e DF DR RR CF
AE WF AAF CAF AAR CAR AAR*CAR WA Wind Weight
(m) (m)
(m) (Pa) (cm) (m^2) (m^2) (m^2) (m^2)
(m^2) (N) (m^2)
(m^2)
(m^2) (N) (N) (N)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 50.00 44.00
47.00 852.98 0.00 2.19 0.00 0.00 12.0 0.18 1.14 1.14 0.59 3.06 2.5 6479 0.75 2.00 0.75 1.20 0.90 2047 8526 10811
2 44.00 38.00
41.00 820.34 0.00 2.19 0.00 0.00 12.0 0.18 1.14 1.14 0.59 3.05 2.5 6254 0.75 2.00 0.75 1.20 0.90 1969 8223 11235
3 38.00 35.00
36.50 793.54 0.00 1.07 0.00 0.00 6.5 0.17 1.12 1.12 0.58 3.14 1.2 2988 0.38 2.00 0.38 1.20 0.45 952 3940 6127
4 35.00 30.00
32.50 767.65 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.00 12.9 0.17 1.12 1.12 0.58 3.13 2.4 5765 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1535 7300 9949
5 30.00 25.00
27.50 731.87 0.00 2.44 0.00 0.00 15.5 0.16 1.12 1.12 0.58 3.17 2.7 6321 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1464 7785 11471
6 25.00 20.00
22.50 691.09 0.00 2.55 0.00 0.00 18.2 0.14 1.11 1.11 0.58 3.25 2.8 6328 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1382 7711 11619
7 20.00 15.00
17.50 643.21 0.00 2.77 0.00 0.00 20.8 0.13 1.10 1.10 0.58 3.29 3.0 6431 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1286 7717 12989
8 15.00 10.00
12.50 584.25 0.00 3.01 0.00 0.00 23.4 0.13 1.10 1.10 0.58 3.31 3.3 6372 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1169 7541 13730
9 10.00 5.00
7.50 549.08 0.00 3.16 0.00 0.00 26.1 0.12 1.09 1.09 0.58 3.34 3.5 6333 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1098 7431 15684
10 5.00 0.00
2.50 549.08 0.00 3.28 0.00 0.00 28.7 0.11 1.09 1.09 0.58 3.38 3.6 6604 0.63 2.00 0.63 1.20 0.75 1098 7702 15937
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L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
53.99
28.06
71.67
4.36
3.32
0.00
53.99
28.06
71.67
4.36
3.32
0.00
40X
42X
43P
45P
47XY
-14.2400 wind lo
-7.4010 wind lo
-9.4530 wind lo
-1.79245 wind l
-0.87645 wind l
0.000
19.832
19.832
9.916
30.863
19.832
0.000
46.870
46.870
93.740
93.740
93.740
0.000
2.828
2.828
2.000
1.000
1.414
0.000
4
4
4
3
4
0
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1
1
2
2
2
0
DIA
DIA
DIA
DIA
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE
DATE:23.09.2008
L50.50.5
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
L50.50.4
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
235.0
87.95
77.84
53.99
28.06
71.67
4.36
3.32
61.69
56.40
38.15
21.37
14.34
2.30
1.53
36XY
38XY
40XY
42XY
43Y
46XY
47P
28.3550 wind lo
20.7370 wind lo
14.0270 wind lo
7.8580 wind lo
8.2130 wind lo
1.31945 wind l
0.87445 wind l
52.988
43.065
43.065
43.065
43.065
43.065
43.065
46.870
46.870
46.870
46.870
93.740
93.740
93.740
34.560
27.648
27.648
27.648
55.296
55.296
55.296
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2.828
2.828
2.828
2.828
2.000
1.000
1.414
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1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
LC1
LC2
LC3
LC4
P
X-dir
Y-dir
Z-dir
52.06
31.93 -559.27
61.71
61.71 -812.53
26.59
16.73 -293.32
31.33
31.33 -417.43
DATE:23.09.2008
1
X-dir Y-dir
Z-dir
52.06 -31.93 -559.27
17.46 13.19
-37.89
26.59 -16.73 -293.32
9.64
5.37
-37.89
X-dir
47.78
57.44
22.32
27.05
2
Y-dir
27.65
57.44
12.46
27.05
Z-dir
483.5
736.76
217.54
341.66
3
X-dir Y-dir
47.78
-27.65
13.19
17.46
22.32
-12.46
5.37
9.64
Z-dir
483.5
-37.89
217.54
-37.89
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0.3634
0.3634
0.3634
1.9869
1.9869
1.9869
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
0.3014
0.3014
0.3634
0.3634
0.3634
1.9869
1.9869
1.9869
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
1.6234
0.3014
0.3014
-0.7022
-0.7022
-0.7022
-3.2427
-3.2427
-3.2427
-2.5405
-2.5405
-2.5405
-2.5405
-2.5405
-2.5405
-0.5405
-0.5405
-0.3633
-0.3633
-0.3633
-1.9867
-1.9867
-1.9867
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-0.3013
-0.3013
-0.3633
-0.3633
-0.3633
-1.9867
-1.9867
-1.9867
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-1.6233
-0.3013
-0.3013
Deflection Check :
X DISPLACEMENT AT NODE AP = 0.1523m FOR 45 DEG LOADING
Y DISPLACEMENT AT NODE AP = 0.1523m FOR 45 DEG LOADING
TANGENTIAL DISPLACEMENT AT NODE AP = 0.2154m FOR 45 DEG LOADING
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- APPENDIX -
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Max. Usage
Max. Use in Comp.
Max. Use in Tens.
Comp. Control Member
Tension Control Member
Comp. Force
Tension Force
Comp. Control Load Case
Tension Control Load Case
L/R Capacity
Comp. Conn. Shear Capacity
Tens. Conn. Shear Capacity
Comp. Conn. Bearing Capacity
Tens. Conn. Bearing Capacity
RLX
RLY
RLZ
L/R
Length Comp. Member
No. of Bolts Comp.
Net Section Capacity
No. Of Holes
**
IN PLS-TOWER, DEAD WEIGHT OF EACH MEMBER IS CALCULATED
AUTOMATICALLY. ON THE OTHER HAND, DEAD LOAD OF THE MODEL IS INCREASE
BY 40% CONSIDERING WEIGHTS OF BOLTS, PLATES, REDUNDANTS AND
GALVANIZATION.
*** PLS-TOWER COMPUTES THE WIND AFFECT ON THE TOWER MEMBERS
AUTOMATICALLY. THE PROJECTED AREA OF MEMBERS IN THE DIRECTION OF WIND
ARE COMPUTED AND WIND LOADS ARE APPLIED TO RELEVANT JOINTS.
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