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Lecture 2
Instructor: Akram Ahmed Habib
Content
What is AC and DC
Building a Power Supply
The Parts of a Power Supply
The Transformer
The Rectifier
Smoothing
The Regulator
A simple 5V DC regulated power supply system
Power supply with 5V & 12V
Negative volt supply +5V & -5V
Variable voltage power supply 0V TO 24 V
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Fuse
What is AC and DC
A representation of an Alternating Current (AC) supply is shown
in figure. The voltage (and current) alternates between positive
and negative over time and the resulting waveform shape is a
sine wave. the frequency of this sine wave is 50 or 60 Hz,50 or
60 cycles per second.
What is AC and DC
A Direct Current (DC) supply, shown in figure, stays at a fixed,
regular, voltage all of the time, like the voltage from a battery.
A DC supply is needed by most circuits as a constant reference
voltage. Also, some components would be damaged by the
negative half-cycles of an AC supply.
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Building a Power Supply
The Transformer
The Rectifier
Smoothing
The Regulator
A simple 5V DC regulated power
supply system
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The Tra ns fo rme r
How Transformers Work
A transformer consists of two coils (often called 'windings')
linked by an iron core, as shown in figure. There is no electrical
connection between the coils, instead they are linked by a
magnetic field created in the core.
Transformers are used to convert
electricity from one voltage to another
with minimal loss of power.
They only work with AC (alternating current)
because they require a changing magnetic
field to be created in their core.
Transformers can increase voltage
(step-up) as well as reduce voltage (step-down).
Transformers have two great
advantages over other methods of
changing voltage